Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.4 and 1.100

version 1.4, 2001/05/02 17:34:41 version 1.100, 2004/07/12 18:29:06
Line 1 Line 1
      /* $Id$
 /*********************** Imach **************************************            $State$
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from cross-longitudinal    $Log$
   data. Cross-longitudinal consist in a first survey ("cross") where    Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
   individuals from different ages are interviewed on their health status    Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
   or degree of  disability. At least a second wave of interviews  
   ("longitudinal") should  measure each new individual health status.    Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
   Health expectancies are computed from the transistions observed between    *** empty log message ***
   waves and are computed for each degree of severity of disability (number  
   of life states). More degrees you consider, more time is necessary to    Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
   reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.    New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
   The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is    directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
   the probabibility to be observed in state j at the second wave conditional    state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
   to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore the model is:    This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
   log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex'    other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
   is a covariate. If you want to have a more complex model than "constant and    cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
   age", you should modify the program where the markup    from other sources like vital statistic data.
     *Covariates have to be included here again* invites you to do it.  
   More covariates you add, less is the speed of the convergence.    The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
   
   The advantage that this computer programme claims, comes from that if the    Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
   delay between waves is not identical for each individual, or if some    former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
   individual missed an interview, the information is not rounded or lost, but  
   taken into account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
   hPijx is the probability to be    the slope with 95% confident intervals.
   observed in state i at age x+h conditional to the observed state i at age  
   x. The delay 'h' can be split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of    Current limitations:
   unobserved intermediate  states. This elementary transition (by month or    A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
   quarter trimester, semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.    model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
   The hPx matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply hPijx.  
     Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    suppressed.
    
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
   from the European Union.  
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    * imach.c (Repository):
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
   **********************************************************************/    matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
    
 #include <math.h>    Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
 #include <stdio.h>    Just cleaning
 #include <stdlib.h>  
 #include <unistd.h>    Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
     (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
 #define MAXLINE 256    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    (Module): Version 0.96b
 /*#define DEBUG*/  
 #define windows    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
     (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  
     Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
 #define MAXN 20000    concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */  
 #define AGESUP 130    Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
 #define AGEBASE 40    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
     mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
     of the covariance matrix to be input.
 int nvar;  
 static int cptcov;    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
 int cptcovn;    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
 int npar=NPARMAX;    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    of the covariance matrix to be input.
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  
 int ncovmodel, ncov;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */  
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
 int mle, weightopt;    Version 0.96
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    routine fileappend.
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest;  
 FILE *ficgp, *fichtm;    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
 FILE *ficreseij;    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
  FILE  *ficresvij;    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
  FILE  *ficresvpl;    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];    interview.
     (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
     we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
     memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
     truncation)
 #define NR_END 1    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
 #define FREE_ARG char*  
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
 #define NRANSI    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
 #define ITMAX 200    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
     parcimony.
 #define TOL 2.0e-4    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
   
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10    *** empty log message ***
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  
     Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
 #define GOLD 1.618034    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  
 #define TINY 1.0e-20  */
   /*
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;     Interpolated Markov Chain
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    Short summary of the programme:
      
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
     first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
 static double sqrarg;    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
     (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
 int imx;    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
 int stepm;    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
     simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
 int m,nb;    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax;    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
 double **pmmij;    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
     complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
 double *weight;    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
 int **s; /* Status */    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;    convergence.
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab;  
     The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
     intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
     account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
 /******************************************/  
     hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
 void replace(char *s, char*t)    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
 {    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
   int i;    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
   int lg=20;    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
   i=0;    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   lg=strlen(t);    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    hPijx.
     (s[i] = t[i]);  
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   }    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
 }    
     Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
 {    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
   int i,j=0;    from the European Union.
   int lg=20;    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
   i=0;    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
   lg=strlen(s);    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
   }    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
   return j;    
 }    **********************************************************************/
   /*
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)    main
 {    read parameterfile
   int i,lg,j,p;    read datafile
   i=0;    concatwav
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {    freqsummary
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;    if (mle >= 1)
   }      mlikeli
     print results files
   lg=strlen(t);    if mle==1 
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {       computes hessian
     (u[j] = t[j]);    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
     u[p]='\0';        begin-prev-date,...
   }    open gnuplot file
     open html file
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {    stable prevalence
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);     for age prevalim()
   }    h Pij x
 }    variance of p varprob
     forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
 /********************** nrerror ********************/    health expectancies
     Variance-covariance of DFLE
 void nrerror(char error_text[])    prevalence()
 {     movingaverage()
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");    varevsij() 
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
   exit(1);    total life expectancies
 }    Variance of stable prevalence
 /*********************** vector *******************/   end
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)  */
 {  
   double *v;  
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");   
   return v-nl+NR_END;  #include <math.h>
 }  #include <stdio.h>
   #include <stdlib.h>
 /************************ free vector ******************/  #include <unistd.h>
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  
 {  /* #include <sys/time.h> */
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  #include <time.h>
 }  #include "timeval.h"
   
 /************************ivector *******************************/  /* #include <libintl.h> */
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)  /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
 {  
   int *v;  #define MAXLINE 256
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
   return v-nl+NR_END;  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
 }  /*#define DEBUG*/
   /*#define windows*/
 /******************free ivector **************************/  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
 }  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/  #define NINTERVMAX 8
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 {  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;  #define MAXN 20000
   int **m;  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
    #define AGESUP 130
   /* allocate pointers to rows */  #define AGEBASE 40
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  #define AGEGOMP 10. /* Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  #ifdef UNIX
   m += NR_END;  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
   m -= nrl;  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
    #else
    #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  #endif
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  /* $Id$ */
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  /* $State$ */
    
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  char version[]="Imach version 0.97b, May 2004, INED-EUROREVES ";
    char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  int erreur, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
   return m;  int nvar;
 }  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
   int npar=NPARMAX;
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
       int **m;  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;  int popbased=0;
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */  
 {  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 }  int gipmx, gsw; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
                      to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  int mle, weightopt;
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
 {  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
   double **m;             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
   m += NR_END;  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
   m -= nrl;  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
   int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  FILE *ficresilk;
   return m;  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
 }  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
   FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
 /*************************free matrix ************************/  FILE *ficreseij;
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
 {  FILE  *ficresvij;
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  FILE  *ficresvpl;
 }  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char title[MAXLINE];
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
 {  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
   double ***m;  int  outcmd=0;
   
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
   m -= nrl;  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  
   struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  struct timezone tzp;
   extern int gettimeofday();
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  struct tm tmg, tm, tmf, *gmtime(), *localtime();
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  long time_value;
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  extern long time();
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;  #define NR_END 1
    #define FREE_ARG char*
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;  
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  #define NRANSI 
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;  #define ITMAX 200 
   }  
   return m;  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
 }  
   #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));  #define GOLD 1.618034 
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
 }  
   static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 extern int ncom;  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;    
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
    #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
 double f1dim(double x)  
 {  static double sqrarg;
   int j;  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
   double f;  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   double *xt;  int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
    
   xt=vector(1,ncom);  int imx; 
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];  int stepm=1;
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);  
   return f;  int estepm;
 }  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   
 /*****************brent *************************/  int m,nb;
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  long *num;
 {  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage,*cens;
   int iter;  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   double a,b,d,etemp;  double **pmmij, ***probs;
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;  double *ageexmed,*agecens;
   double ftemp;  double dateintmean=0;
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;  
   double e=0.0;  double *weight;
    int **s; /* Status */
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
   x=w=v=bx;  
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  /**************** split *************************/
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);  {
 #ifdef DEBUG    /* From a file name with full path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);       the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */    */ 
 #endif    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
       *xmin=x;  
       return fx;    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
     }    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
     ftemp=fu;    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;      /* get current working directory */
       q=2.0*(q-r);      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
       q=fabs(q);        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
       etemp=e;      }
       e=d;      strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
       else {      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
         d=p/q;      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
         u=x+d;      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
       }    }
     } else {    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    /*#ifdef windows
     }    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  #else
     fu=(*f)(u);    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
     if (fu <= fx) {  #endif
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;    */
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)    if (ss >0){
         } else {      ss++;
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;      strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {      l1= strlen( name);
             v=w;      l2= strlen(ss)+1;
             w=u;      strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
             fv=fw;      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
             fw=fu;    }
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
             v=u;  }
             fv=fu;  
           }  
         }  /******************************************/
   }  
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
   *xmin=x;  {
   return fx;    int i;
 }    int lg=0;
     i=0;
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/    lg=strlen(t);
     for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,      (s[i] = t[i]);
             double (*func)(double))      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
 {    }
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;  }
   double fu;  
    int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);  {
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);    int i,j=0;
   if (*fb > *fa) {    int lg=20;
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    i=0;
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)    lg=strlen(s);
       }    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);    }
   while (*fb > *fc) {    return j;
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);  }
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);  
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));  {
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
       fu=(*func)(u);       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {    int i,lg,j,p=0;
       fu=(*func)(u);    i=0;
       if (fu < *fc) {    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))    }
           }  
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {    lg=strlen(t);
       u=ulim;    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
       fu=(*func)(u);      (u[j] = t[j]);
     } else {    }
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);       u[p]='\0';
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     }     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)    }
       }  }
 }  
   /********************** nrerror ********************/
 /*************** linmin ************************/  
   void nrerror(char error_text[])
 int ncom;  {
 double *pcom,*xicom;    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))  }
 {  /*********************** vector *******************/
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);  {
   double f1dim(double x);    double *v;
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
   int j;    return v-nl+NR_END;
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;  }
   double fx,fb,fa;  
    /************************ free vector ******************/
   ncom=n;  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
   pcom=vector(1,n);  {
   xicom=vector(1,n);    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   nrfunc=func;  }
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
     pcom[j]=p[j];  /************************ivector *******************************/
     xicom[j]=xi[j];  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   }  {
   ax=0.0;    int *v;
   xx=1.0;    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    return v-nl+NR_END;
 #ifdef DEBUG  }
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);  
 #endif  /******************free ivector **************************/
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
     xi[j] *= xmin;  {
     p[j] += xi[j];    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   }  }
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);  
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);  /************************lvector *******************************/
 }  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
   {
 /*************** powell ************************/    long *v;
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
             double (*func)(double []))    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
 {    return v-nl+NR_END;
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,  }
               double (*func)(double []));  
   int i,ibig,j;  /******************free lvector **************************/
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;  void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
   double fp,fptt;  {
   double *xits;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   pt=vector(1,n);  }
   ptt=vector(1,n);  
   xit=vector(1,n);  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
   xits=vector(1,n);  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   *fret=(*func)(p);       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];  { 
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
     fp=(*fret);    int **m; 
     ibig=0;    
     del=0.0;    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    m += NR_END; 
     printf("\n");    m -= nrl; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];    
       fptt=(*fret);    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
 #ifdef DEBUG    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
 #endif    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    
         ibig=i;    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
       }    return m; 
 #ifdef DEBUG  } 
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));  
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);        int **m;
       }        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);  { 
       printf("\n");    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
 #endif    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
     }  } 
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {  
 #ifdef DEBUG  /******************* matrix *******************************/
       int k[2],l;  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
       k[0]=1;  {
       k[1]=-1;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    double **m;
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)  
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       printf("\n");    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {    m += NR_END;
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    m -= nrl;
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];  
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
         }    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    m[nrl] += NR_END;
       }    m[nrl] -= ncl;
 #endif  
     for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
     return m;
       free_vector(xit,1,n);    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
       free_vector(xits,1,n);     */
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);  }
       free_vector(pt,1,n);  
       return;  /*************************free matrix ************************/
     }  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");  {
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];  }
       pt[j]=p[j];  
     }  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
     if (fptt < fp) {  {
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
       if (t < 0.0) {    double ***m;
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];    m += NR_END;
         }    m -= nrl;
 #ifdef DEBUG  
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);    m[nrl] += NR_END;
         printf("\n");    m[nrl] -= ncl;
 #endif  
       }    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
     }  
   }    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 }    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
     m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
 {    
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
       for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   int i, ii,j,k;        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;    }
   double **matprod2();    return m; 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
   double **newm;             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    */
   }
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)  
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
     }  {
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     newm=savm;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */  }
     cov[1]=1.;  
     cov[2]=agefin;  /*************** function subdirf ***********/
     if (cptcovn>0){  char *subdirf(char fileres[])
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][k]];/*printf("Tcode[ij]=%d nbcode=%d\n",Tcode[ij],nbcode[k][Tcode[ij]]);*/}  {
     }    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
     savm=oldm;    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     oldm=newm;    return tmpout;
     maxmax=0.;  }
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){  
       min=1.;  /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
       max=0.;  char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {  {
         sumnew=0;    
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);    strcat(tmpout,"/");
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);    strcat(tmpout,preop);
       }    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
       maxmin=max-min;    return tmpout;
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);  }
     }  
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){  /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
       return prlim;  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
     }  {
   }    
 }    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
 /*************** transition probabilities **********/    strcat(tmpout,"/");
     strcat(tmpout,preop);
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
 {    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   double s1, s2;    return tmpout;
   /*double t34;*/  }
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;  
   /***************** f1dim *************************/
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  extern int ncom; 
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/   
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];  double f1dim(double x) 
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  { 
       }    int j; 
       ps[i][j]=s2;    double f;
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    double *xt; 
     }   
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
       }    return f; 
       ps[i][j]=s2;  } 
     }  
   }  /*****************brent *************************/
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
      s1=0;  { 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    int iter; 
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    double a,b,d,etemp;
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    double ftemp;
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    double e=0.0; 
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];   
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */    x=w=v=bx; 
   } /* end i */    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
     for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
       ps[ii][jj]=0;      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
       ps[ii][ii]=1;      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
     }      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
   }  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);  #endif
    }      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
     printf("\n ");        *xmin=x; 
     }        return fx; 
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/      } 
 /*      ftemp=fu;
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
   goto end;*/        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
     return ps;        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
 }        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
         q=2.0*(q-r); 
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
         q=fabs(q); 
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)        etemp=e; 
 {        e=d; 
   /* Computes the matric product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized        else { 
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns          d=p/q; 
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */          u=x+d; 
   long i, j, k;          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)        } 
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)      } else { 
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
       } 
   return out;      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
 }      fu=(*f)(u); 
       if (fu <= fx) { 
         if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
           SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )          } else { 
 {            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
      duration (i.e. until              v=w; 
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.              w=u; 
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step              fv=fw; 
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).              fw=fu; 
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
      included manually here.              v=u; 
               fv=fu; 
      */            } 
           } 
   int i, j, d, h, k;    } 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
   double **newm;    *xmin=x; 
     return fx; 
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */  } 
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)  
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
     }              double (*func)(double)) 
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */  { 
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    double fu; 
       newm=savm;   
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
       cov[1]=1.;    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;    if (*fb > *fa) { 
       if (cptcovn>0){      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][k]];        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
     }        } 
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,    while (*fb > *fc) { 
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
       savm=oldm;      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
       oldm=newm;      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
     }        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];        fu=(*func)(u); 
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
          */        fu=(*func)(u); 
       }        if (fu < *fc) { 
   } /* end h */          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
   return po;            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
 }            } 
       } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
         u=ulim; 
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/        fu=(*func)(u); 
 double func( double *x)      } else { 
 {        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d;        fu=(*func)(u); 
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];      } 
   double **out;      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */        } 
   long ipmx;  } 
   /*extern weight */  
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */  /*************** linmin ************************/
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/  
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)  int ncom; 
 printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);  double *pcom,*xicom;
   */  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
    
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){  { 
        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    double f1dim(double x); 
             for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
         newm=savm;                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
           cov[1]=1.;    int j; 
           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
           if (cptcovn>0){    double fx,fb,fa;
             for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[1+k-1][i];   
             }    ncom=n; 
           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,    pcom=vector(1,n); 
                        1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));    xicom=vector(1,n); 
           savm=oldm;    nrfunc=func; 
           oldm=newm;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       pcom[j]=p[j]; 
       xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
       } /* end mult */    } 
        ax=0.0; 
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);    xx=1.0; 
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
       ipmx +=1;    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
       sw += weight[i];  #ifdef DEBUG
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
     } /* end of wave */    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   } /* end of individual */  #endif
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];      xi[j] *= xmin; 
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */      p[j] += xi[j]; 
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */    } 
   return -l;    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
 }    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
   } 
   
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/  char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
   {
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
 {    days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
   int i,j, iter;    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
   double **xi,*delti;    hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
   double fret;    sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    minutes = (sec_left) /60;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)    sprintf(ascdiff,"%d day(s) %d hour(s) %d minute(s) %d second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    return ascdiff;
   printf("Powell\n");  }
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);  
   /*************** powell ************************/
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f ",iter,func(p));              double (*func)(double [])) 
   { 
 }    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
                 double (*func)(double [])); 
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/    int i,ibig,j; 
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
 {    double fp,fptt;
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;    double *xits;
   double **hess;    int niterf, itmp;
   int i, j,jk;  
   int *indx;    pt=vector(1,n); 
     ptt=vector(1,n); 
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);    xit=vector(1,n); 
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);    xits=vector(1,n); 
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;    *fret=(*func)(p); 
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
     for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
       fp=(*fret); 
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      ibig=0; 
       del=0.0; 
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");      last_time=curr_time;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){      (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp);
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);fflush(stdout);
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);      /*    fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/      fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);
   }      */
      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
       if (j>i) {        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);      }
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);      printf("\n");
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       }      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
     }      if(*iter <=3){
   }        tm = *localtime(&curr_time.tv_sec);
   printf("\n");        strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tmf));
   /*       asctime_r(&tm,strcurr); */
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");        forecast_time=curr_time;
          itmp = strlen(strcurr);
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
   x=vector(1,npar);        printf("\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
   indx=ivector(1,npar);        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];          forecast_time.tv_sec=curr_time.tv_sec+(niterf-*iter)*(curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);          tmf = *localtime(&forecast_time.tv_sec);
   /*      asctime_r(&tmf,strfor); */
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {          strcpy(strfor,asctime(&tmf));
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;          itmp = strlen(strfor);
     x[j]=1;          if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);          strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){          printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s or\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];          fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s or\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
     }        }
   }      }
       for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {        fptt=(*fret); 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
     }        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
     printf("\n");  #endif
   }        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
   /* Recompute Inverse */        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);          ibig=i; 
         } 
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     x[j]=1;          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
       y[i][j]=x[i];        }
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     }          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
     printf("\n");          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
   }        }
   */        printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);  #endif
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);      } 
   free_vector(x,1,npar);      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);  #ifdef DEBUG
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);        int k[2],l;
         k[0]=1;
         k[1]=-1;
 }        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
 {          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
   int i;        }
   int l=1, lmax=20;        printf("\n");
   double k1,k2;        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
   double res;          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
   double fx;            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   int k=0,kmax=10;            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   double l1;          }
           printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   fx=func(x);          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];        }
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  #endif
     l1=pow(10,l);  
     delts=delt;  
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
       delt = delta*(l1*k);        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
       k1=func(p2)-fx;        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;        return; 
       k2=func(p2)-fx;      } 
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
              ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
 #ifdef DEBUG        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);        pt[j]=p[j]; 
 #endif      } 
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){      if (fptt < fp) { 
         k=kmax;        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
       }        if (t < 0.0) { 
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       }            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
         delts=delt;          }
       }  #ifdef DEBUG
     }          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   }          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   delti[theta]=delts;          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
   return res;            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
              fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
 }          }
           printf("\n");
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 {  #endif
   int i;        }
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;      } 
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;    } 
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  } 
   int k;  
   /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
   fx=func(x);  
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  {
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
     k1=func(p2)-fx;  
      int i, ii,j,k;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;    double **matprod2();
     k2=func(p2)-fx;    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
      double **newm;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  
     k3=func(p2)-fx;    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
        for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;      }
     k4=func(p2)-fx;  
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */     cov[1]=1.;
 #ifdef DEBUG   
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
 #endif    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
   }      newm=savm;
   return res;      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
 }       cov[2]=agefin;
     
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
 {          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
   int i,imax,j,k;        }
   double big,dum,sum,temp;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   double *vv;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   vv=vector(1,n);  
   *d=1.0;        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
     big=0.0;        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;  
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");      savm=oldm;
     vv[i]=1.0/big;      oldm=newm;
   }      maxmax=0.;
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {        min=1.;
       sum=a[i][j];        max=0.;
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
       a[i][j]=sum;          sumnew=0;
     }          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
     big=0.0;          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
       sum=a[i][j];          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)        }
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];        maxmin=max-min;
       a[i][j]=sum;        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {      }
         big=dum;      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
         imax=i;        return prlim;
       }      }
     }    }
     if (j != imax) {  }
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {  
         dum=a[imax][k];  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];  
         a[j][k]=dum;  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
       }  {
       *d = -(*d);    double s1, s2;
       vv[imax]=vv[j];    /*double t34;*/
     }    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
     indx[j]=imax;  
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
     if (j != n) {        for(j=1; j<i;j++){
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);          for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;            /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
     }            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
   }  /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */          }
 ;          ps[i][j]=s2;
 }  /*      printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
         }
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 {          for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
   double sum;  /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2); */
            }
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {          ps[i][j]=s2;
     ip=indx[i];        }
     sum=b[ip];      }
     b[ip]=b[i];      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
     if (ii)      
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
     else if (sum) ii=i;        s1=0;
     b[i]=sum;        for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   }          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
     sum=b[i];          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];        ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];        for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   }          ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
 }        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
           ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
 /************ Frequencies ********************/        /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)      } /* end i */
 {  /* Some frequencies */      
        for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;        for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */          ps[ii][jj]=0;
   double *pp;          ps[ii][ii]=1;
   double pos;        }
   FILE *ficresp;      }
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];      
   
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  /*        for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
   /*       for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");  /*         printf("ddd %lf ",ps[ii][jj]); */
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);  /*       } */
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {  /*       printf("\n "); */
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);  /*        } */
     exit(0);  /*        printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]); */
   }         /*
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);        for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
   j1=0;        goto end;*/
       return ps;
   j=cptcovn;  }
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  
   /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){  
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
        j1++;  {
     /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)         b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)      /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
              freq[i][jk][m]=0;       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
            long i, j, k;
        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
          bool=1;      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
          if  (cptcovn>0) {        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcovn; z1++)          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
              if (covar[Tvar[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvar[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) bool=0;  
          }    return out;
           if (bool==1) {  }
            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass-1; m++){  
              if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;  
              if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
              freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  
              freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
            }  {
          }    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
        }       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
         if  (cptcovn>0) {       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#Variable");       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcovn; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, " V%d=%d",Tvar[z1],nbcode[Tvar[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
        }       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n#");       for the memory).
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);       included manually here. 
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");  
               */
   for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){  
     if(i==(int)agemax+3)    int i, j, d, h, k;
       printf("Total");    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
     else    double **newm;
       printf("Age %d", i);  
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
       for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     }        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)      }
         pos += freq[jk][m][i];    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
       if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
       else        newm=savm;
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     }        cov[1]=1.;
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
       for(m=1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
     }          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
     for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
       pos += pp[jk];          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  
       if(pos>=1.e-5)  
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
       else        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
       if( i <= (int) agemax){                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         if(pos>=1.e-5)        savm=oldm;
           fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);        oldm=newm;
       else      }
           fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
       }        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
     }          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)           */
         if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);        }
     if(i <= (int) agemax)    } /* end h */
       fprintf(ficresp,"\n");    return po;
     printf("\n");  }
     }  
     }  
  }  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
    double func( double *x)
   fclose(ficresp);  {
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
     double **out;
 }  /* End of Freq */    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
     double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/    int s1, s2;
     double bbh, survp;
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)    long ipmx;
 {    /*extern weight */
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.    */
      */    cov[1]=1.;
   
   int i, mi, m;    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;  
 float sum=0.;    if(mle==1){
       for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     mi=0;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     m=firstpass;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       if(s[m][i]>=1)              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         mw[++mi][i]=m;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       if(m >=lastpass)            }
         break;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       else            newm=savm;
         m++;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     }/* end while */            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */            }
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
          /* Only death is a correct wave */                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       mw[mi][i]=m;            savm=oldm;
     }            oldm=newm;
           } /* end mult */
     wav[i]=mi;        
     if(mi==0)          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
   }           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
            * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
       if (stepm <=0)           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
         dh[mi][i]=1;           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
       else{           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
           if(j=0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
         }           */
         else{          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           k=k+1;          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;          /* bias is positive if real duration
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
           sum=sum+j;           */
         }          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
         jk= j/stepm;          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
         jl= j -jk*stepm;            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known then the contribution
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;               to the likelihood is the probability to die between last step unit time and current 
         if(jl <= -ju)               step unit time, which is also the differences between probability to die before dh 
           dh[mi][i]=jk;               and probability to die before dh-stepm . 
         else               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
       }          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
     }          (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
   }          introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,sum/k);          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
 }          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)          and month of death but the probability to survive from last
 {          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
   int Ndum[80],ij, k, j, i;          probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
   int cptcode=0;          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
   for (k=0; k<79; k++) Ndum[k]=0;          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
            lower mortality.
   for (j=1; j<=cptcovn; j++) {            */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);          }else{
       Ndum[ij]++;            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
     }          } 
     /*printf("cptcode=%d cptcovn=%d ",cptcode,cptcovn);*/          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
     }          ipmx +=1;
            sw += weight[i];
     ij=1;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {        } /* end of wave */
       for (k=0; k<=79; k++) {      } /* end of individual */
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {    }  else if(mle==2){
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
           ij++;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         }        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       }              for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     }              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   }                savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             }
   }          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
             newm=savm;
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij)              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
 {            }
   /* Health expectancies */            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   double age, agelim,hf;            savm=oldm;
   double ***p3mat;            oldm=newm;
            } /* end mult */
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");        
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d",i,j);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");          ipmx +=1;
           sw += weight[i];
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /*  Every j years of age (in month) */          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        } /* end of wave */
       } /* end of individual */
   agelim=AGESUP;    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     /* Typically if 20 years = 20*12/6=40 stepm */          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically 40/4=10 */              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored            }
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);              newm=savm;
             cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)            }
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
           eij[i][j][(int)age] +=p3mat[i][j][h];                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         }            savm=oldm;
                oldm=newm;
     hf=1;          } /* end mult */
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;        
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%.0f",age );          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
         fprintf(ficreseij," %.4f", hf*eij[i][j][(int)age]);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
       }          ipmx +=1;
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");          sw += weight[i];
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   }        } /* end of wave */
 }      } /* end of individual */
     }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
 /************ Variance ******************/      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
 {        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   /* Variance of health expectancies */          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double **newm;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;            }
   int k, cptcode;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
    double *xp;            newm=savm;
   double **gp, **gm;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   double ***p3mat;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   double age,agelim;            }
   int theta;          
             out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");            savm=oldm;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            oldm=newm;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          } /* end mult */
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);        
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   xp=vector(1,npar);          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);          }else{
              lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */          }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */          ipmx +=1;
   agelim = AGESUP;          sw += weight[i];
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;        } /* end of wave */
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */      } /* end of individual */
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }            }
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);            for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);            newm=savm;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];            }
         }          
       }            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                             1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */            savm=oldm;
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);            oldm=newm;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);            } /* end mult */
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];          ipmx +=1;
         }          sw += weight[i];
       }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        } /* end of wave */
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];      } /* end of individual */
         }    } /* End of if */
     } /* End theta */    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
     /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
     return -l;
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)  }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];  double funcone( double *x)
   {
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){    double **out;
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    double llt;
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);    int s1, s2;
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    double bbh, survp;
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)    /*extern weight */
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j];    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
       }    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
     }    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
     h=1;      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
     if (stepm >= YEARM) h=stepm/YEARM;    */
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );    cov[1]=1.;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", h*vareij[i][j][(int)age]);  
       }    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   } /* End age */          }
          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          newm=savm;
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);          cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
 }          }
           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)          savm=oldm;
 {          oldm=newm;
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */        } /* end mult */
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/        
   double **newm;        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   double **dnewm,**doldm;        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   int k, cptcode;        /* bias is positive if real duration
   double *xp;         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   double *gp, *gm;         */
   double **gradg, **trgradg;        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
   double age,agelim;          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   int theta;        } else if (mle==1){
              lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");        } else if(mle==2){
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
           lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
   xp=vector(1,npar);        } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        } /* End of if */
          ipmx +=1;
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */        sw += weight[i];
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   agelim = AGESUP;  /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */        if(globpr){
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */          fprintf(ficresilk,"%9d %6d %1d %1d %1d %1d %3d %10.6f %6.4f\
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;   %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f ", \
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */                  num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
             fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){          }
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        }
       }      } /* end of wave */
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    } /* end of individual */
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
        l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */    if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      gipmx=ipmx;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      gsw=sw;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    }
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];    return -l;
   }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];  
     } /* End theta */  /*************** function likelione ***********/
   void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);  {
     /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)       the selection of individuals/waves and
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)       to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];       Plotting could be done.
      */
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    int k;
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;  
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);      strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      }
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight 2wlli out sav ");
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);      /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
   } /* End age */    }
   
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    if(*globpri !=0){
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      fclose(ficresilk);
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
 }      fflush(fichtm); 
     } 
     return;
   }
 /***********************************************/  
 /**************** Main Program *****************/  
 /***********************************************/  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
   
 /*int main(int argc, char *argv[])*/  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
 int main()  {
 {    int i,j, iter;
     double **xi;
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, aaa, cptcod;    double fret;
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   double agemin=1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;    /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
     xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   double fret;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   double **xi,tmp,delta;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
         xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   double ***p3mat;    strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
   int *indx;    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
   char title[MAXLINE];      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH];    }
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   int c,  h , cpt,l;  
   int ju,jl, mi;    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   int i1,j1, k1,jk,aa,bb, stepsize;  
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;    fclose(ficrespow);
      printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
   int hstepm, nhstepm;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   double ftolpl=FTOL;  
   double **prlim;  }
   double *severity;  
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
   double  *p;  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */  {
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
   double *delti; /* Scale */    double **hess;
   double ***eij, ***vareij;    int i, j,jk;
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */    int *indx;
   double *epj, vepp;  
   char version[80]="Imach version 0.64, May 2000, INED-EUROREVES ";    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   char z[1]="c", occ;    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
 #include <sys/time.h>    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
 #include <time.h>    double gompertz(double p[]);
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   /* long total_usecs;  
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
   printf("\nIMACH, Version 0.64a");     
   printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");       hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
       
 #ifdef windows      /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
   scanf("%s",pathtot);          printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
   cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);    }
      printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);    
      chdir(path);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
        for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
   /*size=30;        if (j>i) { 
   getcwd(pathcd, size);            printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
   printf("pathcd=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathcd,path,optionfile);          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
   cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j,func,npar);
   chdir(path);          
   replace(pathc,path);          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
   printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
   */        }
 #endif      }
 #ifdef unix    }
   scanf("%s",optionfile);    printf("\n");
 #endif    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
   strcpy(fileres,"r");    
   strcat(fileres, optionfile);    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   /*---------arguments file --------*/    x=vector(1,npar);
     indx=ivector(1,npar);
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
     goto end;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   }  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
   strcpy(filereso,"o");      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
   strcat(filereso,fileres);      x[j]=1;
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   }        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
       }
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    }
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     puts(line);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
     fputs(line,ficparo);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
   }        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
       }
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncov, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);      printf("\n");
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncov,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    }
   
   covar=matrix(1,NCOVMAX,1,n);        /* Recompute Inverse */
   if (strlen(model)<=1) cptcovn=0;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   else {      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
     j=0;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
     j=nbocc(model,'+');  
     cptcovn=j+1;    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
   }  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */      x[j]=1;
        lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
   /* Read guess parameters */      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        y[i][j]=x[i];
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      }
     puts(line);      printf("\n");
     fputs(line,ficparo);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   }    }
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    */
    
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){    free_vector(x,1,npar);
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);  
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);  }
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);  
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
       }  double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  {
       printf("\n");    int i;
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    int l=1, lmax=20;
     }    double k1,k2;
      double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;    double res;
   p=param[1][1];    double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
      double fx;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    int k=0,kmax=10;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    double l1;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    fx=func(x);
     puts(line);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     fputs(line,ficparo);    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
   }      l1=pow(10,l);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      delts=delt;
       for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);        delt = delta*(l1*k);
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){        k1=func(p2)-fx;
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);        k2=func(p2)-fx;
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){        
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
       }  #endif
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
       printf("\n");        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");          k=kmax;
     }        }
   }        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
   delti=delti3[1][1];          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
          }
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          delts=delt;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        }
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      }
     puts(line);    }
     fputs(line,ficparo);    delti[theta]=delts;
   }    return res; 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    
    }
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);  {
     printf("%s",str);    int i;
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    int k;
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);  
     }    fx=func(x);
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
     printf("\n");      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
   }      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)      k1=func(p2)-fx;
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)    
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
          p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
   printf("\n");      k2=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
    if(mle==1){      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
     /*-------- data file ----------*/      k3=func(p2)-fx;
     if((ficres =fopen(fileres,"w"))==NULL) {    
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileres);goto end;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
     }      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);      k4=func(p2)-fx;
          res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
     }      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
   #endif
     n= lastobs;    }
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);    return res;
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);  }
     num=ivector(1,n);  
     moisnais=vector(1,n);  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
     annais=vector(1,n);  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
     moisdc=vector(1,n);  { 
     andc=vector(1,n);    int i,imax,j,k; 
     agedc=vector(1,n);    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
     cod=ivector(1,n);    double *vv; 
     weight=vector(1,n);   
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */    vv=vector(1,n); 
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);    *d=1.0; 
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);      big=0.0; 
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);      if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
       vv[i]=1.0/big; 
     i=1;    } 
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
                sum=a[i][j]; 
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);        a[i][j]=sum; 
           strcpy(line,stra);      } 
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      big=0.0; 
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
         }        sum=a[i][j]; 
                for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        a[i][j]=sum; 
         if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          big=dum; 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          imax=i; 
         } 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      } 
         for (j=ncov;j>=1;j--){      if (j != imax) { 
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
         }          dum=a[imax][k]; 
         num[i]=atol(stra);          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
           a[j][k]=dum; 
         /*printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]),  (mint[5][i]), (anint[5][i]), (s[5][i]),  (mint[6][i]), (anint[6][i]), (s[6][i]));*/        } 
         *d = -(*d); 
         i=i+1;        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
       }      } 
     }      indx[j]=imax; 
       if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
     /*scanf("%d",i);*/      if (j != n) { 
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
         for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/      } 
   Tvar=ivector(1,8);        } 
        free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
   if (strlen(model) >1){  ;
     j=0;  } 
     j=nbocc(model,'+');  
     cptcovn=j+1;  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
      { 
     strcpy(modelsav,model);    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
     if (j==0) {    double sum; 
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'V'); Tvar[1]=atoi(strb);   
     }    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
     else {      ip=indx[i]; 
       for(i=j; i>=1;i--){      sum=b[ip]; 
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');      b[ip]=b[i]; 
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {      if (ii) 
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');Tvar[i+1]=ncov+1;      else if (sum) ii=i; 
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');      b[i]=sum; 
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)    } 
             covar[ncov+1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
         }      sum=b[i]; 
         else {cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
         Tvar[i+1]=atoi(strc);      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
         }    } 
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);    } 
       }  
       cutv(strd,strc,stra,'V');  /************ Frequencies ********************/
       Tvar[1]=atoi(strc);  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint)
     }  {  /* Some frequencies */
   }    
   /*printf("tvar=%d ",Tvar[1]);    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
   scanf("%d ",i);*/    int first;
     fclose(fic);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     double *pp, **prop;
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/    double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;    FILE *ficresp;
     }    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/    
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
        prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
         if(s[m][i] >0){      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
           if (s[m][i] == nlstate+1) {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
             if(agedc[i]>0)      exit(0);
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)    }
               agev[m][i]=agedc[i];    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
             else{    j1=0;
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);    
               agev[m][i]=-1;    j=cptcoveff;
             }    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
           }  
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */    first=1;
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);  
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
               agev[m][i]=1;      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){        j1++;
               agemin=agev[m][i];        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/          scanf("%d", i);*/
             }        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
               agemax=agev[m][i];            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
             }  
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
           }          prop[i][m]=0;
           else { /* =9 */        
             agev[m][i]=1;        dateintsum=0;
             s[m][i]=-1;        k2cpt=0;
           }        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         }          bool=1;
         else /*= 0 Unknown */          if  (cptcovn>0) {
           agev[m][i]=1;            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
       }              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
                    bool=0;
     }          }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {          if (bool==1){
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");                /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
           goto end;                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
         }                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
       }                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
     }                if (m<lastpass) {
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
                 }
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);                
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
     free_vector(annais,1,n);                  k2cpt++;
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);                }
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);                /*}*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);            }
     free_vector(andc,1,n);          }
         }
             
     wav=ivector(1,imx);        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);        if  (cptcovn>0) {
              fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
     /* Concatenates waves */          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
         }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
 Tcode=ivector(1,100);          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
    nbcode=imatrix(1,nvar,1,8);          fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
    ncodemax[1]=1;        
    if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
            if(i==iagemax+3){
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
    h=0;          }else{
    m=pow(2,cptcovn);            if(first==1){
                first=0;
    for(k=1;k<=cptcovn; k++){              printf("See log file for details...\n");
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){            }
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcovn+1-k)); cpt++){          }
            h++;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
          }              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
        }          }
      }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
    }            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
               pos += freq[jk][m][i];
    /*for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
      for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){              if(first==1){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k]);              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
      }              }
      printf("\n");              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
    }*/            }else{
    /*scanf("%d",i);*/              if(first==1)
                    printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */            }
   freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);          }
   
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   /*scanf("%d ",i);*/            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
           }       
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */            pos += pp[jk];
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */            posprop += prop[jk][i];
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          }
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
                if(pos>=1.e-5){
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]              if(first==1)
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
                }else{
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);              if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
                  fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     /*--------- results files --------------*/            }
     fprintf(ficres,"\ntitle=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle,weightopt,model);            if( i <= iagemax){
                  if(pos>=1.e-5){
    jk=1;                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters\n");                /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
    printf("# Parameters\n");                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){              }
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){              else
        if (k != i)                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
          {            }
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);          }
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);          
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
              jk++;              if(first==1)
            }                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
            printf("\n");                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");              }
          }          if(i <= iagemax)
      }            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
    }          if(first==1)
             printf("Others in log...\n");
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */        }
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);      }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales\n");    }
     printf("# Scales\n");    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){   
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){    fclose(ficresp);
         if (j!=i) {    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    /* End of Freq */
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);  }
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);  
             jk++;  /************ Prevalence ********************/
           }  void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
           printf("\n");  {  
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
         }       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
       }       We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
       }    */
       
     k=1;    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance\n");    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     printf("# Covariance\n");    double *pp, **prop;
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){    double pos,posprop; 
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;    int iagemin, iagemax;
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);  
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/    iagemin= (int) agemin;
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);    iagemax= (int) agemax;
       printf("%3d",i);    /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    j1=0;
       }    
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");    j=cptcoveff;
       printf("\n");    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
       k++;    
     }    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
          for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        j1++;
       ungetc(c,ficpar);        
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
       puts(line);          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
       fputs(line,ficparo);            prop[i][m]=0.0;
     }       
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
            bool=1;
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);          if  (cptcovn>0) {
                for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
     if (fage <= 2) {              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
       bage = agemin;                bool=0;
       fage = agemax;          } 
     }          if (bool==1) { 
             for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
 chdir(pathcd);                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
   if((ficgp=fopen("graph.plt","w"))==NULL) {                if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
     printf("Problem with file graph.plt");goto end;                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
   }                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
 #ifdef windows                  prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);                  prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
 #endif                } 
 m=pow(2,cptcovn);              }
              } /* end selection of waves */
  /* 1eme*/          }
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {        }
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
           
 #ifdef windows          for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);            posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
 #endif          } 
 #ifdef unix  
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
 #endif            if( i <=  iagemax){ 
               if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");              } 
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");            } 
 }          }/* end jk */ 
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        }/* end i */ 
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {      } /* end i1 */
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    } /* end k1 */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    
 }    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  }  /* End of prevalence */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");  
 }    /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));  
 #ifdef unix  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300");  {
 #endif    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
    }       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
   }       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
   /*2 eme*/       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
        */
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,fage);    int i, mi, m;
        /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
       k=2*i;    int first;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {    double sum=0.;
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    first=0;
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    jmin=1e+5;
 }      jmax=-1;
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");    jmean=0.;
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      mi=0;
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      m=firstpass;
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        if(s[m][i]>=1)
 }            mw[++mi][i]=m;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");        if(m >=lastpass)
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);          break;
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        else
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          m++;
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      }/* end while */
 }        if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
     }           /* Only death is a correct wave */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);        mw[mi][i]=m;
   }      }
    
   /*3eme*/      wav[i]=mi;
       if(mi==0){
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {        nbwarn++;
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {        if(first==0){
       k=2+nlstate*(cpt-1);          printf("Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);          first=1;
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {        }
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);        if(first==1){
       }          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);        }
     }      } /* end mi==0 */
    }    } /* End individuals */
    
   /* CV preval stat */    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {        if (stepm <=0)
       k=3;          dh[mi][i]=1;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",agemin,agemax,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);        else{
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);              j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
                    if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;              else if(j<0){
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);                nberr++;
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;                j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
       }                fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);                  fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);              }
     }              k=k+1;
   }              if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
                if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
   /* proba elementaires */              sum=sum+j;
   for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){              /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
       if (k != i) {            }
         /*  fprintf(ficgp,"%1d%1d ",i,k);*/          }
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){          else{
           fprintf(ficgp,"%s%1d%1d=%f ",alph[j],i,k,p[jk]);            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
           jk++;            /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");            k=k+1;
         }            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
       }            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
     }            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
   }            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
   for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {            if(j<0){
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,agemax);              nberr++;
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++) {              printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){              fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
       if (k != i) {            }
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(a%d%d+b%d%d*x",i,k,i,k);            sum=sum+j;
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++)          }
           fprintf(ficgp,"+%s%d%d*%d",alph[j],i,k,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);          jk= j/stepm;
         fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");          jl= j -jk*stepm;
         for(k1=1; k1 <=(nlstate+ndeath); k1++)          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
           if (k1 != i) {          if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
             fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(a%d%d+b%d%d*x",i,k1,i,k1);            if(jl==0){
             for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++)              dh[mi][i]=jk;
               fprintf(ficgp,"+%s%d%d*%d",alph[j],i,k,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);              bh[mi][i]=0;
             fprintf(ficgp,")");            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
           }                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", i,k);              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
       if ((i+k)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");              bh[mi][i]=ju;
       }            }
     }          }else{
   }            if(jl <= -ju){
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);                dh[mi][i]=jk;
   }              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
                                     * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
  fclose(ficgp);                                   */
             }
     chdir(path);            else{
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);              bh[mi][i]=ju;
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);            }
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
                  dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
                  /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
                }
     free_ivector(num,1,n);          } /* end if mle */
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);        }
     free_vector(weight,1,n);      } /* end wave */
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/    }
     fclose(ficparo);    jmean=sum/k;
     fclose(ficres);    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
    }    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
       }
    /*________fin mle=1_________*/  
      /*********** Tricode ****************************/
   void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
    {
     /* No more information from the sample is required now */    
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    int cptcode=0;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    cptcoveff=0; 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);   
     puts(line);    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
     fputs(line,ficparo);    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
                                  modality*/ 
   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
   printf("agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax, bage, fage);        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
                                          Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
   if((fichtm=fopen("index.htm","w"))==NULL)    {                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
     printf("Problem with index.htm \n");goto end;      }
   }  
       for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body><ul> Imach, Version 0.63<hr> <li>Outputs files<br><br>\n        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
         - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n      }
 - Estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>  
         - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>      ij=1; 
         - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
         - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
         - Life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
         - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
         - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>            /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
         - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br><br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);            
             ij++;
  fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li>\n<p>");          }
           if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
  m=cptcovn;        }  
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}      } 
     }  
  j1=0;  
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  
        j1++;   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
        if (cptcovn > 0) {     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr>************ Results for covariates");     ij=Tvar[i];
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcovn;cpt++)     Ndum[ij]++;
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvar[cpt],nbcode[Tvar[cpt]][codtab[j1][cpt]]);   }
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr>");  
        }   ij=1;
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);         if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>       ij++;
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);     }
        }   }
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {   
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>  }
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);    
      }  /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {  
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
 <img src=\"ex%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);  
      }  {
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and    /* Health expectancies */
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);    double age, agelim, hf;
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
    }    double **dnewm,**doldm;
  }    double *xp;
 fclose(fichtm);    double **gp, **gm;
     double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/    int theta;
    
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);    xp=vector(1,npar);
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   }    
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    if(estepm < stepm){
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    }
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    else  hstepm=estepm;   
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
   k=0;     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
   agebase=agemin;     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
   agelim=agemax;     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
   ftolpl=1.e-10;     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
   i1=cptcovn;     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
         k=k+1;  
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#****** ");    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
         for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
           fprintf(ficrespl,"V%d=%d ",Tvar[j],nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtab[k][j]]);       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
               and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");    */
         }    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
       }  
     }    agelim=AGESUP;
   fclose(ficrespl);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
        nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
   }      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
        gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;  
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
   agelim=AGESUP;         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */   
    
   k=0;      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
       k=k+1;  
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvar[j],nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtab[k][j]]);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");        }
                hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */    
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        cptj=0;
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;            cptj=cptj+1;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);              for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            }
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)          }
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);        }
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");       
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){       
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);        
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        cptj=0;
           }        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");            cptj=cptj+1;
         }            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
     }  
   }              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             }
   fclose(ficrespij);          }
         }
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   strcpy(filerest,"t");            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
   strcat(filerest,fileres);          }
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {       } 
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;     
   }  /* End theta */
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);  
        trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
   
   strcpy(filerese,"e");       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
   strcat(filerese,fileres);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
   }       
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);  
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
   }       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
         for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
   k=0;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
       k=k+1;            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)        }
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvar[j],nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      }
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");      /* Computing expectancies */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
       for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");            
   /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)          }
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);  
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       cptj=0;
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k);            cptj++;
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        }
       varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
           
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
              free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
       hf=1;      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;    }
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);    printf("\n");
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);  
         fprintf(ficrest," %.0f",age);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*hf*eij[i][j][(int)age];    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           }  }
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  
         }  /************ Variance ******************/
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)  {
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];    /* Variance of health expectancies */
         fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[nlstate+1],hf*sqrt(vepp));    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){    /* double **newm;*/
           fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[j],hf*sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));    double **dnewm,**doldm;
         }    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
       }    int k, cptcode;
     }    double *xp;
   }    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
            double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
  fclose(ficreseij);    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
  fclose(ficresvij);    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
   fclose(ficrest);    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
   fclose(ficpar);    double ***p3mat;
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);    double age,agelim, hf;
   /*scanf("%d ",i); */    double ***mobaverage;
     int theta;
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/      char digit[4];
     char digitp[25];
 strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");  
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    if(popbased==1){
     exit(0);      if(mobilav!=0)
   }        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
     }
  k=0;    else 
  for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  
      k=k+1;    if (mobilav!=0) {
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
      for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvar[j],nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
            }
      varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    }
      oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
    }    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
  }    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
     strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
   fclose(ficresvpl);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
     strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    }
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    }  
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   printf("End of Imach\n");  /*   } */
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
    
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
   /*------ End -----------*/    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
  end:        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
 #ifdef windows    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
  chdir(pathcd);  
 #endif    xp=vector(1,npar);
  system("wgnuplot graph.plt");    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
 #ifdef windows    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   while (z[0] != 'q') {    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     chdir(pathcd);  
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     scanf("%s",z);    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     else if (z[0] == 'e') {    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
       chdir(path);    
       system("index.htm");    if(estepm < stepm){
     }      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);    }
   }    else  hstepm=estepm;   
 #endif    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
 }    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like k years */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
       p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   
         if (popbased==1) {
           if(mobilav ==0){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
           }else{ /* mobilav */ 
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
           }
         }
     
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
               gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
           }
         }
         /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
            computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
            as a weighted average of prlim.
         */
         for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
             gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
         }    
         /* end probability of death */
   
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
    
         if (popbased==1) {
           if(mobilav ==0){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
           }else{ /* mobilav */ 
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
           }
         }
   
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
               gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
           }
         }
         /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
            computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
            as a weighted average of prlim.
         */
         for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
         }    
         /* end probability of death */
   
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
           }
   
         for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
           gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
         }
   
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
   
       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
             trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
   
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
     
   
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
           vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   
       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
         for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
           for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
               vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
         }
       }
     
       /* pptj */
       matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
       for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
           varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
       /* end ppptj */
       /*  x centered again */
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
    
       if (popbased==1) {
         if(mobilav ==0){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
         }else{ /* mobilav */ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
         }
       }
                
       /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
          computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
          as a weighted average of prlim.
       */
       for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
       }    
       /* end probability of death */
   
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
           fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
         }
       } 
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   
       fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
         }
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
       free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
       free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     } /* End age */
     free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
     /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
   /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
     /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
   */
   /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.png\";replot;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
     free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
     fflush(ficgp);
     fflush(fichtm); 
   }  /* end varevsij */
   
   /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
   void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
   {
     /* Variance of prevalence limit */
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
     double **newm;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     int k, cptcode;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double age,agelim;
     int theta;
      
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     
     hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
       gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
       
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
   
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
   
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
       free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
   }
   
   /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
   {
     int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
     int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
     int k=0,l, cptcode;
     int first=1, first1;
     double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double **mu;
     double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
     double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
     int theta;
     char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
     char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
     char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     double ***varpij;
   
     strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
     strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
     if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
     }
     strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
     strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
     if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
     }
     strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
     strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
     if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
     }
     printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
     printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
     printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
     fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
     
     fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
     fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
   
   
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
       }  
    /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
    */
    xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
     varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
     first=1;
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4></li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n\
     file %s<br>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated\
   and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
    They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
   It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
   would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
   standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
    Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
    and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
   To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
   
     cov[1]=1;
     tj=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     j1=0;
     for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
         j1++;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {
           fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
           fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
           
           fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
           
           
           fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
           
           fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
         }
         
         for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
           cov[2]=age;
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
             cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
           }
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
             cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           
           gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
             for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
             
             pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
             
             k=0;
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
               for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                 k=k+1;
                 gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
             }
             
             for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
       
             pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
             k=0;
             for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
               for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                 k=k+1;
                 gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
             }
        
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
               gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
           }
   
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
             for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
               trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
           
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
           free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
           
           k=0;
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
               k=k+1;
               mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
             }
           }
           for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
             for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
               varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
   
           /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
             for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
             printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
             fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
             }*/
   
           fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   
           for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
             fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
           for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
           }
           i=0;
           for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
             for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
               i=i++;
               fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
                 fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                 fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
               }
             }
           }/* end of loop for state */
         } /* end of loop for age */
   
         /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
         /*
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
         */
   
         /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
         first1=1;
         for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
           for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
             if(l2==k2) continue;
             j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
             for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
               for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                 if(l1==k1) continue;
                 i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
                 if(i<=j) continue;
                 for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
                   if ((int)age %5==0){
                     v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
                     mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
                     c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
                     /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
                     lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     /* Eigen vectors */
                     v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
                     /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
                     v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
                     v12=-v21;
                     v22=v11;
                     tnalp=v21/v11;
                     if(first1==1){
                       first1=0;
                       printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                     }
                     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                     /*printf(fignu*/
                     /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
                     /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
                     if(first==1){
                       first=0;
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
    :<a href=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">\
   %s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                               subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                               subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                               mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
                               mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                     }else{
                       first=0;
                       fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                               mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
                               mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                     }/* if first */
                   } /* age mod 5 */
                 } /* end loop age */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                 first=1;
               } /*l12 */
             } /* k12 */
           } /*l1 */
         }/* k1 */
       } /* loop covariates */
     }
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     fclose(ficresprob);
     fclose(ficresprobcov);
     fclose(ficresprobcor);
     fflush(ficgp);
     fflush(fichtmcov);
   }
   
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
                     int popforecast, int estepm ,\
                     double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
                     double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
     int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n \
    - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n ",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirf2(fileres,"p"),subdirf2(fileres,"p"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),subdirf2(fileres,"pij"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileres,"pl"),subdirf2(fileres,"pl"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),subdirf2(fileres,"e"));
   
   fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
    m=cptcoveff;
    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
    jj1=0;
    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
        /* Pij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: %s%d1.png<br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d1.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1);     
        /* Quasi-incidences */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
    before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: %s%d2.png<br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d2.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1); 
          /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1);
          }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1);
        }
      } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   \n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n\
    - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n", rfileres,rfileres);
   
    fprintf(fichtm," - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"prob"),subdirf2(fileres,"prob"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"));
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
            estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"v"),subdirf2(fileres,"v"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"t"),subdirf2(fileres,"t"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
            subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"));
   
   /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   /*  else  */
   /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
    fflush(fichtm);
    fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
    m=cptcoveff;
    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
    jj1=0;
    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
   prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br>\
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1);  
        }
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
   health expectancies in states (1) and (2): %s%d.png<br>\
   <img src=\"%s%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1);
      } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
    fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
   /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
    /* 1eme*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
      for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
   set ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter png small\n\
   set size 0.65,0.65\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
   
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        } 
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1); 
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        }  
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",subdirf2(fileres,"p"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
      }
     }
     /*2 eme*/
     
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),k1);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
       
       for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
         k=2*i;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
         else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
         else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
       }
     }
     
     /*3eme*/
     
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\n\
   set size 0.65,0.65\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
         /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           
         */
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
           
         } 
       }
     }
     
     /* CV preval stable (period) */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         k=3;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n\
   unset log y\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
         
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
         
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
         }
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
       } 
     }  
     
     /* proba elementaires */
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) {
           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
             jk++; 
             fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
      }
   
      for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
        for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jk,ng); 
          if (ng==2)
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
          else
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
          i=1;
          for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
            k3=i;
            for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
              if (k != k2){
                if(ng==2)
                  fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                else
                  fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                ij=1;
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                    ij++;
                  }
                  else
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                }
                fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
                
                for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                  ij=1;
                  for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                    if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                      ij++;
                    }
                    else
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                  }
                  fprintf(ficgp,")");
                }
                fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
                if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
                i=i+ncovmodel;
              }
            } /* end k */
          } /* end k2 */
        } /* end jk */
      } /* end ng */
      fflush(ficgp); 
   }  /* end gnuplot */
   
   
   /*************** Moving average **************/
   int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
   
     int i, cpt, cptcod;
     int modcovmax =1;
     int mobilavrange, mob;
     double age;
   
     modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
                              a covariate has 2 modalities */
     if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
   
     if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
       if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
       else mobilavrange=mobilav;
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
         for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
             mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
       /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
          fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
          we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
       */ 
       for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
         for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
           for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                 for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
                   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
                   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
                 }
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
             }
           }
         }/* end age */
       }/* end mob */
     }else return -1;
     return 0;
   }/* End movingaverage */
   
   
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
   prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
     int *popage;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
    
     strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileres);
     if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
   
   /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
             fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
         }
         for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
   
           for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
                 for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
                   fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
                 fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 ppij=0.;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                   if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
                     fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
                   }
                 } /* end i */
                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
                   fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
                 }
               }/* end j */
             } /* end h */
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           } /* end agec */
         } /* end yearp */
       } /* end cptcod */
     } /* end  cptcov */
          
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     fclose(ficresf);
   }
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
     
     int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
     int *popage;
     double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     agelim=AGESUP;
     calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
     
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     
     
     strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     strcat(filerespop,fileres);
     if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     
     agelim=AGESUP;
     
     hstepm=1;
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     
     if (popforecast==1) {
       if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
       } 
       popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
       popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
       popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
       
       i=1;   
       while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
      
       imx=i;
       for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
         if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
         
         for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
                   tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
                     /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
                       if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                 }
               }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
                   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                     kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                   }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
   
               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
    
     /******/
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
               }
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
      } 
     }
    
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficrespop);
   } /* End of popforecast */
   
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   
   
   /**************** function prwizard **********************/
   void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
   
     /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     int i,j, k, l, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     } /* end itimes */
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz(double x[])
   { 
     double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       sump=sump+1;
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i]==1 & wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*
             (exp(x[2]/YEARM*(agecens[i]*12-agegomp*12))-exp(x[2]/YEARM*(ageexmed[i]*12-agegomp*12)));
         
         if (cens[i]==0 & wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*
                (exp(x[2]/YEARM*(agedc[i]*12-agegomp*12))-exp(x[2]/YEARM*(ageexmed[i]*12-agegomp*12)))
             +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]/YEARM*(agedc[i]*12-agegomp*12)+log(YEARM);      
         
         if (wav[i]>1 & agecens[i]>15) {
           L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
    
     return -2*L*num/sump;
   }
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtmlmort(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,  double p[],double **matcov){
     int i;
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
     fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
     for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
       fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.png\">");
     fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
     fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplotmort(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
   
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
   
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.png\"\n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set ter png small\n set log y\n"); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
   
   } 
   
   
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
     int jj, ll, li, lj, lk, imk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     int itimes;
     int NDIM=2;
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE],model[MAXLINE];
     char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE]; 
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
     char strstart[80], *strt, strtend[80];
     char *stratrunc;
     int lstra;
   
     long total_usecs;
    
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
     curr_time=start_time;
     tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tm));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       scanf("%s",pathtot);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
    /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("pathimach=%s, pathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Problem creating directory or it already exists %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
   
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       exit(0);
     }
     else if(mle==-3) {
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }
     else{
       /* Read guess parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
   
   
       p=param[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%s",str);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
       strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
       strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         }
           
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         } 
         lstra=strlen(stra);
         if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
           stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
           num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
         }
         else
           num[i]=atol(stra);
           
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
           printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
         i=i+1;
       }
     }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);
     fclose(fic);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a
                                    month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           nberr++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n",\
             fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
             imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     if (mle==-3){
       ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
       cens=ivector(1,n);
       ageexmed=vector(1,n);
       agecens=vector(1,n);
       dcwave=ivector(1,n);
    
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         dcwave[i]=-1;
         for (j=1; j<=lastpass; j++)
           if (s[j][i]>nlstate) {
             dcwave[i]=j;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];agecens[i]=1.; 
           if (ageexmed[i]>1 & wav[i]>0) agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
           cens[i]=1;
           
           if (ageexmed[i]<1) cens[i]=-1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP & agedc[i]>1 & dcwave[i]>firstpass & dcwave[i]<=lastpass) cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
   
       p[1]=0.1; p[2]=0.1;
       /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
       
       
     printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
     strcpy(filerespow,"pow-mort"); 
     strcat(filerespow,fileres);
     if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
     }
     fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
     /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
     */
     fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   
       powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, p, NDIM,delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
           printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) 
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,path); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplotmort(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtmlmort(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov);
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 */
   
     else{ /* For mle >=1 */
     
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
       
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           if (k != i) {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       if(mle!=0){
         /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
         ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
         hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if (j!=i) {
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       if(mle>=1)
         printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
       /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
       /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
       */
       for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
         jj=0;
         for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             if(j==i) continue;
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               jj++;
               ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
               if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       estepm=0;
       fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
       if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
       if (fage <= 2) {
         bage = ageminpar;
         fage = agemaxpar;
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
       fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
       fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       
       dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
       dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
       fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
       
       
       
       /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
       /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,path); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplot(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
         
      /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
      /*  chdir(path); */
    
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
       free_lvector(num,1,n);
       free_vector(agedc,1,n);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
   
   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
       strcat(filerespl,fileres);
       if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
       agebase=ageminpar;
       agelim=agemaxpar;
       ftolpl=1.e-10;
       i1=cptcoveff;
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
           printf("\n#******");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
           printf("******\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
           for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
             for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
           for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
             /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                   fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
               fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
   
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
       fclose(ficrespij);
   
       probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=NCOVMAX;j++)
           for(k=1;k<=NCOVMAX;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
   
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
       if(prevfcast==1){
         /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
         /*      }  */
         /*      else{ */
         /*        erreur=108; */
         /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*      } */
       }
     
   
       /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
       strcpy(filerest,"t");
       strcat(filerest,fileres);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
       strcpy(filerese,"e");
       strcat(filerese,fileres);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
       strcpy(fileresv,"v");
       strcat(fileresv,fileres);
       if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
       /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
       prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
           ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       */
   
       if (mobilav!=0) {
         mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
           fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         }
       }
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1; 
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
           eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
           vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
           if(popbased==1){
             varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
           }
   
    
           fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
           for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
           epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
           for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             if (popbased==1) {
               if(mobilav ==0){
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
               }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
               }
             }
           
             fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
             for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
               for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
                 epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
                 /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
               }
               epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
             }
   
             for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                 vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
             }
             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
         }
       }
       free_vector(weight,1,n);
       free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
       free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
       free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_ivector(cod,1,n);
       free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       fclose(ficreseij);
       fclose(ficresvij);
       fclose(ficrest);
       fclose(ficpar);
     
       /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
       strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
       strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
       if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
         exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
           varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
           free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         }
       }
   
       fclose(ficresvpl);
   
       /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
       if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
       free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     
       free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
       free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
       /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
       free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
   
       free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
       free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
   
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
   
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&tm));
     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocaltime at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
   
     printf("Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     chdir(path);
     strcpy(plotcmd,"\"");
     strcat(plotcmd,pathimach);
     strcat(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd,"\"");
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf(" Problem with gnuplot\n");
     }
     printf(" Wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') {
         printf("Starting browser with: %s",optionfilehtm);fflush(stdout);
         system(optionfilehtm);
       }
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
   }
   
   
   

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  Added in v.1.100


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