Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.51 and 1.289

version 1.51, 2002/07/19 12:22:25 version 1.289, 2018/12/13 09:16:26
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain    $State$
     $Log$
   Short summary of the programme:    Revision 1.289  2018/12/13 09:16:26  brouard
      Summary: Bug for young ages (<-30) will be in r17
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from  
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    Revision 1.288  2018/05/02 20:58:27  brouard
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    Summary: Some bugs fixed
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the  
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a    Revision 1.287  2018/05/01 17:57:25  brouard
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    Summary: Bug fixed by providing frequencies only for non missing covariates
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are  
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    Revision 1.286  2018/04/27 14:27:04  brouard
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the    Summary: some minor bugs
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The  
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    Revision 1.285  2018/04/21 21:02:16  brouard
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave    Summary: Some bugs fixed, valgrind tested
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore  
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    Revision 1.284  2018/04/20 05:22:13  brouard
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more    Summary: Computing mean and stdeviation of fixed quantitative variables
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program  
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    Revision 1.283  2018/04/19 14:49:16  brouard
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the    Summary: Some minor bugs fixed
   convergence.  
     Revision 1.282  2018/02/27 22:50:02  brouard
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    *** empty log message ***
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not  
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    Revision 1.281  2018/02/27 19:25:23  brouard
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into    Summary: Adding second argument for quitting
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    
     Revision 1.280  2018/02/21 07:58:13  brouard
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h    Summary: 0.99r15
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be  
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    New Makefile with recent VirtualBox 5.26. Bug in sqrt negatve in imach.c
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,  
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    Revision 1.279  2017/07/20 13:35:01  brouard
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    Summary: temporary working
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply  
   hPijx.    Revision 1.278  2017/07/19 14:09:02  brouard
     Summary: Bug for mobil_average=0 and prevforecast fixed(?)
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also  
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    Revision 1.277  2017/07/17 08:53:49  brouard
      Summary: BOM files can be read now
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).  
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    Revision 1.276  2017/06/30 15:48:31  brouard
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    Summary: Graphs improvements
   from the European Union.  
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    Revision 1.275  2017/06/30 13:39:33  brouard
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    Summary: Saito's color
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .  
   **********************************************************************/    Revision 1.274  2017/06/29 09:47:08  brouard
      Summary: Version 0.99r14
 #include <math.h>  
 #include <stdio.h>    Revision 1.273  2017/06/27 11:06:02  brouard
 #include <stdlib.h>    Summary: More documentation on projections
 #include <unistd.h>  
     Revision 1.272  2017/06/27 10:22:40  brouard
 #define MAXLINE 256    Summary: Color of backprojection changed from 6 to 5(yellow)
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"  
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/    Revision 1.271  2017/06/27 10:17:50  brouard
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    Summary: Some bug with rint
 /*#define DEBUG*/  
 #define windows    Revision 1.270  2017/05/24 05:45:29  brouard
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    *** empty log message ***
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */  
     Revision 1.269  2017/05/23 08:39:25  brouard
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    Summary: Code into subroutine, cleanings
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  
     Revision 1.268  2017/05/18 20:09:32  brouard
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    Summary: backprojection and confidence intervals of backprevalence
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    Revision 1.267  2017/05/13 10:25:05  brouard
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    Summary: temporary save for backprojection
 #define MAXN 20000  
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    Revision 1.266  2017/05/13 07:26:12  brouard
 #define AGESUP 130    Summary: Version 0.99r13 (improvements and bugs fixed)
 #define AGEBASE 40  
 #ifdef windows    Revision 1.265  2017/04/26 16:22:11  brouard
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'    Summary: imach 0.99r13 Some bugs fixed
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'  
 #else    Revision 1.264  2017/04/26 06:01:29  brouard
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'    Summary: Labels in graphs
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'  
 #endif    Revision 1.263  2017/04/24 15:23:15  brouard
     Summary: to save
 char version[80]="Imach version 0.8i, June 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";  
 int erreur; /* Error number */    Revision 1.262  2017/04/18 16:48:12  brouard
 int nvar;    *** empty log message ***
 int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;  
 int npar=NPARMAX;    Revision 1.261  2017/04/05 10:14:09  brouard
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    Summary: Bug in E_ as well as in T_ fixed nres-1 vs k1-1
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    Revision 1.260  2017/04/04 17:46:59  brouard
 int popbased=0;    Summary: Gnuplot indexations fixed (humm)
   
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    Revision 1.259  2017/04/04 13:01:16  brouard
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */    Summary: Some errors to warnings only if date of death is unknown but status is death we could set to pi3
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */  
 int mle, weightopt;    Revision 1.258  2017/04/03 10:17:47  brouard
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */    Summary: Version 0.99r12
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */  
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    Some cleanings, conformed with updated documentation.
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */  
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    Revision 1.257  2017/03/29 16:53:30  brouard
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;    Summary: Temp
 FILE *ficlog;  
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;    Revision 1.256  2017/03/27 05:50:23  brouard
 FILE *ficresprobmorprev;    Summary: Temporary
 FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */  
 FILE *ficreseij;    Revision 1.255  2017/03/08 16:02:28  brouard
 char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: IMaCh version 0.99r10 bugs in gnuplot fixed
 FILE  *ficresvij;  
 char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.254  2017/03/08 07:13:00  brouard
 FILE  *ficresvpl;    Summary: Fixing data parameter line
 char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
 char title[MAXLINE];    Revision 1.253  2016/12/15 11:59:41  brouard
 char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: 0.99 in progress
 char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];  
     Revision 1.252  2016/09/15 21:15:37  brouard
 char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];    *** empty log message ***
 char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */  
 char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.251  2016/09/15 15:01:13  brouard
 char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: not working
 char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];  
     Revision 1.250  2016/09/08 16:07:27  brouard
 char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: continue
   
 #define NR_END 1    Revision 1.249  2016/09/07 17:14:18  brouard
 #define FREE_ARG char*    Summary: Starting values from frequencies
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10  
     Revision 1.248  2016/09/07 14:10:18  brouard
 #define NRANSI    *** empty log message ***
 #define ITMAX 200  
     Revision 1.247  2016/09/02 11:11:21  brouard
 #define TOL 2.0e-4    *** empty log message ***
   
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660    Revision 1.246  2016/09/02 08:49:22  brouard
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10    *** empty log message ***
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  
     Revision 1.245  2016/09/02 07:25:01  brouard
 #define GOLD 1.618034    *** empty log message ***
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  
 #define TINY 1.0e-20    Revision 1.244  2016/09/02 07:17:34  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    Revision 1.243  2016/09/02 06:45:35  brouard
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    *** empty log message ***
    
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    Revision 1.242  2016/08/30 15:01:20  brouard
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    Summary: Fixing a lots
   
 static double sqrarg;    Revision 1.241  2016/08/29 17:17:25  brouard
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)    Summary: gnuplot problem in Back projection to fix
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  
     Revision 1.240  2016/08/29 07:53:18  brouard
 int imx;    Summary: Better
 int stepm;  
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    Revision 1.239  2016/08/26 15:51:03  brouard
     Summary: Improvement in Powell output in order to copy and paste
 int estepm;  
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/    Author:
   
 int m,nb;    Revision 1.238  2016/08/26 14:23:35  brouard
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;    Summary: Starting tests of 0.99
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;    Revision 1.237  2016/08/26 09:20:19  brouard
 double dateintmean=0;    Summary: to valgrind
   
 double *weight;    Revision 1.236  2016/08/25 10:50:18  brouard
 int **s; /* Status */    *** empty log message ***
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;    Revision 1.235  2016/08/25 06:59:23  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    Revision 1.234  2016/08/23 16:51:20  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
 /**************** split *************************/  
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )    Revision 1.233  2016/08/23 07:40:50  brouard
 {    Summary: not working
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */    Revision 1.232  2016/08/22 14:20:21  brouard
     Summary: not working
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    Revision 1.231  2016/08/22 07:17:15  brouard
    s= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */    Summary: not working
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */  
      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)    Revision 1.230  2016/08/22 06:55:53  brouard
        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/    Summary: Not working
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  
       extern char       *getwd( );    Revision 1.229  2016/07/23 09:45:53  brouard
     Summary: Completing for func too
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  
 #else    Revision 1.228  2016/07/22 17:45:30  brouard
       extern char       *getcwd( );    Summary: Fixing some arrays, still debugging
   
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {    Revision 1.226  2016/07/12 18:42:34  brouard
 #endif    Summary: temp
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  
       }    Revision 1.225  2016/07/12 08:40:03  brouard
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */    Summary: saving but not running
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */    Revision 1.224  2016/07/01 13:16:01  brouard
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */    Summary: Fixes
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */    Revision 1.223  2016/02/19 09:23:35  brouard
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */    Summary: temporary
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  
    }    Revision 1.222  2016/02/17 08:14:50  brouard
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */    Summary: Probably last 0.98 stable version 0.98r6
 #ifdef windows  
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    Revision 1.221  2016/02/15 23:35:36  brouard
 #else    Summary: minor bug
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  
 #endif    Revision 1.219  2016/02/15 00:48:12  brouard
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */    *** empty log message ***
    s++;  
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */    Revision 1.218  2016/02/12 11:29:23  brouard
    l1= strlen( name);    Summary: 0.99 Back projections
    l2= strlen( s)+1;  
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);    Revision 1.217  2015/12/23 17:18:31  brouard
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;    Summary: Experimental backcast
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */  
 }    Revision 1.216  2015/12/18 17:32:11  brouard
     Summary: 0.98r4 Warning and status=-2
   
 /******************************************/    Version 0.98r4 is now:
      - displaying an error when status is -1, date of interview unknown and date of death known;
 void replace(char *s, char*t)     - permitting a status -2 when the vital status is unknown at a known date of right truncation.
 {    Older changes concerning s=-2, dating from 2005 have been supersed.
   int i;  
   int lg=20;    Revision 1.215  2015/12/16 08:52:24  brouard
   i=0;    Summary: 0.98r4 working
   lg=strlen(t);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    Revision 1.214  2015/12/16 06:57:54  brouard
     (s[i] = t[i]);    Summary: temporary not working
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  
   }    Revision 1.213  2015/12/11 18:22:17  brouard
 }    Summary: 0.98r4
   
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)    Revision 1.212  2015/11/21 12:47:24  brouard
 {    Summary: minor typo
   int i,j=0;  
   int lg=20;    Revision 1.211  2015/11/21 12:41:11  brouard
   i=0;    Summary: 0.98r3 with some graph of projected cross-sectional
   lg=strlen(s);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    Author: Nicolas Brouard
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;  
   }    Revision 1.210  2015/11/18 17:41:20  brouard
   return j;    Summary: Start working on projected prevalences  Revision 1.209  2015/11/17 22:12:03  brouard
 }    Summary: Adding ftolpl parameter
     Author: N Brouard
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  
 {    We had difficulties to get smoothed confidence intervals. It was due
   /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it    to the period prevalence which wasn't computed accurately. The inner
      and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)    parameter ftolpl is now an outer parameter of the .imach parameter
      gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */    file after estepm. If ftolpl is small 1.e-4 and estepm too,
   int i,lg,j,p=0;    computation are long.
   i=0;  
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {    Revision 1.208  2015/11/17 14:31:57  brouard
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;    Summary: temporary
   }  
     Revision 1.207  2015/10/27 17:36:57  brouard
   lg=strlen(t);    *** empty log message ***
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  
     (u[j] = t[j]);    Revision 1.206  2015/10/24 07:14:11  brouard
   }    *** empty log message ***
      u[p]='\0';  
     Revision 1.205  2015/10/23 15:50:53  brouard
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {    Summary: 0.98r3 some clarification for graphs on likelihood contributions
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  
   }    Revision 1.204  2015/10/01 16:20:26  brouard
 }    Summary: Some new graphs of contribution to likelihood
   
 /********************** nrerror ********************/    Revision 1.203  2015/09/30 17:45:14  brouard
     Summary: looking at better estimation of the hessian
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  
 {    Also a better criteria for convergence to the period prevalence And
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");    therefore adding the number of years needed to converge. (The
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);    prevalence in any alive state shold sum to one
   exit(1);  
 }    Revision 1.202  2015/09/22 19:45:16  brouard
 /*********************** vector *******************/    Summary: Adding some overall graph on contribution to likelihood. Might change
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)  
 {    Revision 1.201  2015/09/15 17:34:58  brouard
   double *v;    Summary: 0.98r0
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    - Some new graphs like suvival functions
   return v-nl+NR_END;    - Some bugs fixed like model=1+age+V2.
 }  
     Revision 1.200  2015/09/09 16:53:55  brouard
 /************************ free vector ******************/    Summary: Big bug thanks to Flavia
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  
 {    Even model=1+age+V2. did not work anymore
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  
 }    Revision 1.199  2015/09/07 14:09:23  brouard
     Summary: 0.98q6 changing default small png format for graph to vectorized svg.
 /************************ivector *******************************/  
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)    Revision 1.198  2015/09/03 07:14:39  brouard
 {    Summary: 0.98q5 Flavia
   int *v;  
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    Revision 1.197  2015/09/01 18:24:39  brouard
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");    *** empty log message ***
   return v-nl+NR_END;  
 }    Revision 1.196  2015/08/18 23:17:52  brouard
     Summary: 0.98q5
 /******************free ivector **************************/  
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    Revision 1.195  2015/08/18 16:28:39  brouard
 {    Summary: Adding a hack for testing purpose
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  
 }    After reading the title, ftol and model lines, if the comment line has
     a q, starting with #q, the answer at the end of the run is quit. It
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/    permits to run test files in batch with ctest. The former workaround was
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    $ echo q | imach foo.imach
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  
 {    Revision 1.194  2015/08/18 13:32:00  brouard
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    Summary:  Adding error when the covariance matrix doesn't contain the exact number of lines required by the model line.
   int **m;  
      Revision 1.193  2015/08/04 07:17:42  brouard
   /* allocate pointers to rows */    Summary: 0.98q4
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    Revision 1.192  2015/07/16 16:49:02  brouard
   m += NR_END;    Summary: Fixing some outputs
   m -= nrl;  
      Revision 1.191  2015/07/14 10:00:33  brouard
      Summary: Some fixes
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */  
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    Revision 1.190  2015/05/05 08:51:13  brouard
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    Summary: Adding digits in output parameters (7 digits instead of 6)
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    Fix 1+age+.
    
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    Revision 1.189  2015/04/30 14:45:16  brouard
      Summary: 0.98q2
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  
   return m;    Revision 1.188  2015/04/30 08:27:53  brouard
 }    *** empty log message ***
   
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/    Revision 1.187  2015/04/29 09:11:15  brouard
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)    *** empty log message ***
       int **m;  
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    Revision 1.186  2015/04/23 12:01:52  brouard
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */    Summary: V1*age is working now, version 0.98q1
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    Some codes had been disabled in order to simplify and Vn*age was
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));    working in the optimization phase, ie, giving correct MLE parameters,
 }    but, as usual, outputs were not correct and program core dumped.
   
 /******************* matrix *******************************/    Revision 1.185  2015/03/11 13:26:42  brouard
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    Summary: Inclusion of compile and links command line for Intel Compiler
 {  
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    Revision 1.184  2015/03/11 11:52:39  brouard
   double **m;    Summary: Back from Windows 8. Intel Compiler
   
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    Revision 1.183  2015/03/10 20:34:32  brouard
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    Summary: 0.98q0, trying with directest, mnbrak fixed
   m += NR_END;  
   m -= nrl;    We use directest instead of original Powell test; probably no
     incidence on the results, but better justifications;
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    We fixed Numerical Recipes mnbrak routine which was wrong and gave
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    wrong results.
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    Revision 1.182  2015/02/12 08:19:57  brouard
     Summary: Trying to keep directest which seems simpler and more general
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    Author: Nicolas Brouard
   return m;  
 }    Revision 1.181  2015/02/11 23:22:24  brouard
     Summary: Comments on Powell added
 /*************************free matrix ************************/  
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    Author:
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    Revision 1.180  2015/02/11 17:33:45  brouard
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    Summary: Finishing move from main to function (hpijx and prevalence_limit)
 }  
     Revision 1.179  2015/01/04 09:57:06  brouard
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    Summary: back to OS/X
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  
 {    Revision 1.178  2015/01/04 09:35:48  brouard
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;    *** empty log message ***
   double ***m;  
     Revision 1.177  2015/01/03 18:40:56  brouard
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    Summary: Still testing ilc32 on OSX
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;    Revision 1.176  2015/01/03 16:45:04  brouard
   m -= nrl;    *** empty log message ***
   
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    Revision 1.175  2015/01/03 16:33:42  brouard
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    *** empty log message ***
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    Revision 1.174  2015/01/03 16:15:49  brouard
     Summary: Still in cross-compilation
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  
     Revision 1.173  2015/01/03 12:06:26  brouard
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    Summary: trying to detect cross-compilation
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;    Revision 1.172  2014/12/27 12:07:47  brouard
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;    Summary: Back from Visual Studio and Intel, options for compiling for Windows XP
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    Revision 1.171  2014/12/23 13:26:59  brouard
      Summary: Back from Visual C
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {  
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;    Still problem with utsname.h on Windows
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;    Revision 1.170  2014/12/23 11:17:12  brouard
   }    Summary: Cleaning some \%% back to %%
   return m;  
 }    The escape was mandatory for a specific compiler (which one?), but too many warnings.
   
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/    Revision 1.169  2014/12/22 23:08:31  brouard
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    Summary: 0.98p
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));    Outputs some informations on compiler used, OS etc. Testing on different platforms.
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    Revision 1.168  2014/12/22 15:17:42  brouard
 }    Summary: update
   
 /***************** f1dim *************************/    Revision 1.167  2014/12/22 13:50:56  brouard
 extern int ncom;    Summary: Testing uname and compiler version and if compiled 32 or 64
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);    Testing on Linux 64
    
 double f1dim(double x)    Revision 1.166  2014/12/22 11:40:47  brouard
 {    *** empty log message ***
   int j;  
   double f;    Revision 1.165  2014/12/16 11:20:36  brouard
   double *xt;    Summary: After compiling on Visual C
    
   xt=vector(1,ncom);    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];  
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);    Revision 1.164  2014/12/16 10:52:11  brouard
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);    Summary: Merging with Visual C after suppressing some warnings for unused variables. Also fixing Saito's bug 0.98Xn
   return f;  
 }    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
   
 /*****************brent *************************/    Revision 1.163  2014/12/16 10:30:11  brouard
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
 {  
   int iter;    Revision 1.162  2014/09/25 11:43:39  brouard
   double a,b,d,etemp;    Summary: temporary backup 0.99!
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;  
   double ftemp;    Revision 1.1  2014/09/16 11:06:58  brouard
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    Summary: With some code (wrong) for nlopt
   double e=0.0;  
      Author:
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    Revision 1.161  2014/09/15 20:41:41  brouard
   x=w=v=bx;    Summary: Problem with macro SQR on Intel compiler
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {    Revision 1.160  2014/09/02 09:24:05  brouard
     xm=0.5*(a+b);    *** empty log message ***
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/    Revision 1.159  2014/09/01 10:34:10  brouard
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);    Summary: WIN32
     fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);    Author: Brouard
 #ifdef DEBUG  
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    Revision 1.158  2014/08/27 17:11:51  brouard
     fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    *** empty log message ***
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */  
 #endif    Revision 1.157  2014/08/27 16:26:55  brouard
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    Summary: Preparing windows Visual studio version
       *xmin=x;    Author: Brouard
       return fx;  
     }    In order to compile on Visual studio, time.h is now correct and time_t
     ftemp=fu;    and tm struct should be used. difftime should be used but sometimes I
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {    just make the differences in raw time format (time(&now).
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);    Trying to suppress #ifdef LINUX
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);    Add xdg-open for __linux in order to open default browser.
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;  
       q=2.0*(q-r);    Revision 1.156  2014/08/25 20:10:10  brouard
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;    *** empty log message ***
       q=fabs(q);  
       etemp=e;    Revision 1.155  2014/08/25 18:32:34  brouard
       e=d;    Summary: New compile, minor changes
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    Author: Brouard
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  
       else {    Revision 1.154  2014/06/20 17:32:08  brouard
         d=p/q;    Summary: Outputs now all graphs of convergence to period prevalence
         u=x+d;  
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    Revision 1.153  2014/06/20 16:45:46  brouard
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);    Summary: If 3 live state, convergence to period prevalence on same graph
       }    Author: Brouard
     } else {  
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    Revision 1.152  2014/06/18 17:54:09  brouard
     }    Summary: open browser, use gnuplot on same dir than imach if not found in the path
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  
     fu=(*f)(u);    Revision 1.151  2014/06/18 16:43:30  brouard
     if (fu <= fx) {    *** empty log message ***
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;  
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)    Revision 1.150  2014/06/18 16:42:35  brouard
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)    Summary: If gnuplot is not in the path try on same directory than imach binary (OSX)
         } else {    Author: brouard
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;  
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {    Revision 1.149  2014/06/18 15:51:14  brouard
             v=w;    Summary: Some fixes in parameter files errors
             w=u;    Author: Nicolas Brouard
             fv=fw;  
             fw=fu;    Revision 1.148  2014/06/17 17:38:48  brouard
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {    Summary: Nothing new
             v=u;    Author: Brouard
             fv=fu;  
           }    Just a new packaging for OS/X version 0.98nS
         }  
   }    Revision 1.147  2014/06/16 10:33:11  brouard
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");    *** empty log message ***
   *xmin=x;  
   return fx;    Revision 1.146  2014/06/16 10:20:28  brouard
 }    Summary: Merge
     Author: Brouard
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  
     Merge, before building revised version.
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  
             double (*func)(double))    Revision 1.145  2014/06/10 21:23:15  brouard
 {    Summary: Debugging with valgrind
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;    Author: Nicolas Brouard
   double fu;  
      Lot of changes in order to output the results with some covariates
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    After the Edimburgh REVES conference 2014, it seems mandatory to
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);    improve the code.
   if (*fb > *fa) {    No more memory valgrind error but a lot has to be done in order to
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    continue the work of splitting the code into subroutines.
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)    Also, decodemodel has been improved. Tricode is still not
       }    optimal. nbcode should be improved. Documentation has been added in
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);    the source code.
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);  
   while (*fb > *fc) {    Revision 1.143  2014/01/26 09:45:38  brouard
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);    Summary: Version 0.98nR (to be improved, but gives same optimization results as 0.98k. Nice, promising
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);  
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));    (Module): Version 0.98nR Running ok, but output format still only works for three covariates.
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);  
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {    Revision 1.142  2014/01/26 03:57:36  brouard
       fu=(*func)(u);    Summary: gnuplot changed plot w l 1 has to be changed to plot w l lt 2
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {  
       fu=(*func)(u);    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
       if (fu < *fc) {  
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))    Revision 1.141  2014/01/26 02:42:01  brouard
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
           }  
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {    Revision 1.140  2011/09/02 10:37:54  brouard
       u=ulim;    Summary: times.h is ok with mingw32 now.
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     } else {    Revision 1.139  2010/06/14 07:50:17  brouard
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    After the theft of my laptop, I probably lost some lines of codes which were not uploaded to the CVS tree.
       fu=(*func)(u);    I remember having already fixed agemin agemax which are pointers now but not cvs saved.
     }  
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)    Revision 1.138  2010/04/30 18:19:40  brouard
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)    *** empty log message ***
       }  
 }    Revision 1.137  2010/04/29 18:11:38  brouard
     (Module): Checking covariates for more complex models
 /*************** linmin ************************/    than V1+V2. A lot of change to be done. Unstable.
   
 int ncom;    Revision 1.136  2010/04/26 20:30:53  brouard
 double *pcom,*xicom;    (Module): merging some libgsl code. Fixing computation
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);    of likelione (using inter/intrapolation if mle = 0) in order to
      get same likelihood as if mle=1.
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))    Some cleaning of code and comments added.
 {  
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,    Revision 1.135  2009/10/29 15:33:14  brouard
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    (Module): Now imach stops if date of birth, at least year of birth, is not given. Some cleaning of the code.
   double f1dim(double x);  
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,    Revision 1.134  2009/10/29 13:18:53  brouard
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    (Module): Now imach stops if date of birth, at least year of birth, is not given. Some cleaning of the code.
   int j;  
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;    Revision 1.133  2009/07/06 10:21:25  brouard
   double fx,fb,fa;    just nforces
    
   ncom=n;    Revision 1.132  2009/07/06 08:22:05  brouard
   pcom=vector(1,n);    Many tings
   xicom=vector(1,n);  
   nrfunc=func;    Revision 1.131  2009/06/20 16:22:47  brouard
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    Some dimensions resccaled
     pcom[j]=p[j];  
     xicom[j]=xi[j];    Revision 1.130  2009/05/26 06:44:34  brouard
   }    (Module): Max Covariate is now set to 20 instead of 8. A
   ax=0.0;    lot of cleaning with variables initialized to 0. Trying to make
   xx=1.0;    V2+V3*age+V1+V4 strb=V3*age+V1+V4 working better.
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    Revision 1.129  2007/08/31 13:49:27  lievre
 #ifdef DEBUG    Modification of the way of exiting when the covariate is not binary in order to see on the window the error message before exiting
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    Revision 1.128  2006/06/30 13:02:05  brouard
 #endif    (Module): Clarifications on computing e.j
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
     xi[j] *= xmin;    Revision 1.127  2006/04/28 18:11:50  brouard
     p[j] += xi[j];    (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
   }    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);    (Module): In order to speed up (in case of numerous covariates) we
 }    compute health expectancies (without variances) in a first step
     and then all the health expectancies with variances or standard
 /*************** powell ************************/    deviation (needs data from the Hessian matrices) which slows the
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,    computation.
             double (*func)(double []))    In the future we should be able to stop the program is only health
 {    expectancies and graph are needed without standard deviations.
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,  
               double (*func)(double []));    Revision 1.126  2006/04/28 17:23:28  brouard
   int i,ibig,j;    (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
   double fp,fptt;    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
   double *xits;    Version 0.98h
   pt=vector(1,n);  
   ptt=vector(1,n);    Revision 1.125  2006/04/04 15:20:31  lievre
   xit=vector(1,n);    Errors in calculation of health expectancies. Age was not initialized.
   xits=vector(1,n);    Forecasting file added.
   *fret=(*func)(p);  
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    Revision 1.124  2006/03/22 17:13:53  lievre
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    Parameters are printed with %lf instead of %f (more numbers after the comma).
     fp=(*fret);    The log-likelihood is printed in the log file
     ibig=0;  
     del=0.0;    Revision 1.123  2006/03/20 10:52:43  brouard
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    * imach.c (Module): <title> changed, corresponds to .htm file
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    name. <head> headers where missing.
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)  
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    * imach.c (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
     fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
     printf("\n");    otherwise the weight is truncated).
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    1.
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];    Version 0.98g
       fptt=(*fret);  
 #ifdef DEBUG    Revision 1.122  2006/03/20 09:45:41  brouard
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);    (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
       fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
 #endif    otherwise the weight is truncated).
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);    1.
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    Version 0.98g
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {  
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    Revision 1.121  2006/03/16 17:45:01  lievre
         ibig=i;    * imach.c (Module): Comments concerning covariates added
       }  
 #ifdef DEBUG    * imach.c (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);    Revision 1.120  2006/03/16 15:10:38  lievre
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
       }    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    Revision 1.119  2006/03/15 17:42:26  brouard
         fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);    (Module): Bug if status = -2, the loglikelihood was
       }    computed as likelihood omitting the logarithm. Version O.98e
       printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    Revision 1.118  2006/03/14 18:20:07  brouard
 #endif    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
     }    table of variances if popbased=1 .
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
 #ifdef DEBUG    (Module): Function pstamp added
       int k[2],l;    (Module): Version 0.98d
       k[0]=1;  
       k[1]=-1;    Revision 1.117  2006/03/14 17:16:22  brouard
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
       fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    table of variances if popbased=1 .
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);    (Module): Function pstamp added
         fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);    (Module): Version 0.98d
       }  
       printf("\n");    Revision 1.116  2006/03/06 10:29:27  brouard
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    (Module): Variance-covariance wrong links and
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {    varian-covariance of ej. is needed (Saito).
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];    Revision 1.115  2006/02/27 12:17:45  brouard
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    (Module): One freematrix added in mlikeli! 0.98c
           fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);  
         }    Revision 1.114  2006/02/26 12:57:58  brouard
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    (Module): Some improvements in processing parameter
         fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    filename with strsep.
       }  
 #endif    Revision 1.113  2006/02/24 14:20:24  brouard
     (Module): Memory leaks checks with valgrind and:
     datafile was not closed, some imatrix were not freed and on matrix
       free_vector(xit,1,n);    allocation too.
       free_vector(xits,1,n);  
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);    Revision 1.112  2006/01/30 09:55:26  brouard
       free_vector(pt,1,n);    (Module): Back to gnuplot.exe instead of wgnuplot.exe
       return;  
     }    Revision 1.111  2006/01/25 20:38:18  brouard
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    (Module): Comments can be added in data file. Missing date values
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];    can be a simple dot '.'.
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];  
       pt[j]=p[j];    Revision 1.110  2006/01/25 00:51:50  brouard
     }    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);  
     if (fptt < fp) {    Revision 1.109  2006/01/24 19:37:15  brouard
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);    (Module): Comments (lines starting with a #) are allowed in data.
       if (t < 0.0) {  
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    Revision 1.108  2006/01/19 18:05:42  lievre
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    Gnuplot problem appeared...
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];    To be fixed
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];  
         }    Revision 1.107  2006/01/19 16:20:37  brouard
 #ifdef DEBUG    Test existence of gnuplot in imach path
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);  
         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    Revision 1.106  2006/01/19 13:24:36  brouard
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++){    Some cleaning and links added in html output
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);  
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);    Revision 1.105  2006/01/05 20:23:19  lievre
         }    *** empty log message ***
         printf("\n");  
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    Revision 1.104  2005/09/30 16:11:43  lievre
 #endif    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
       }    (Module): If the status is missing at the last wave but we know
     }    that the person is alive, then we can code his/her status as -2
   }    (instead of missing=-1 in earlier versions) and his/her
 }    contributions to the likelihood is 1 - Prob of dying from last
     health status (= 1-p13= p11+p12 in the easiest case of somebody in
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    the healthy state at last known wave). Version is 0.98
   
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    Revision 1.103  2005/09/30 15:54:49  lievre
 {    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit  
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */    Revision 1.102  2004/09/15 17:31:30  brouard
     Add the possibility to read data file including tab characters.
   int i, ii,j,k;  
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;    Revision 1.101  2004/09/15 10:38:38  brouard
   double **matprod2();    Fix on curr_time
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();  
   double **newm;    Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
   
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    *** empty log message ***
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
     }    Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
     New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
    cov[1]=1.;    directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
      state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){    other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
     newm=savm;    cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */    from other sources like vital statistic data.
      cov[2]=agefin;  
      The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {  
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/    former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
       }  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    the slope with 95% confident intervals.
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  
     Current limitations:
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/    A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/    model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/    B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);  
     Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
     savm=oldm;    Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
     oldm=newm;    suppressed.
     maxmax=0.;  
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){    Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
       min=1.;    * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
       max=0.;    rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {  
         sumnew=0;    Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];    * imach.c (Repository):
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);    (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);    matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);  
       }    Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
       maxmin=max-min;    Just cleaning
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);  
     }    Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
       return prlim;    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
     }    (Module): Version 0.96b
   }  
 }    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
     (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
   
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )    Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
 {    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
   double s1, s2;    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
   /*double t34;*/    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;    is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
     concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){    Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    of the covariance matrix to be input.
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  
       }    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
       ps[i][j]=s2;    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
     }    of the covariance matrix to be input.
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/  
       }    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
       ps[i][j]=s2;    Version 0.96
     }  
   }    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
     routine fileappend.
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  
      s1=0;    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    interview.
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */    truncation)
   } /* end i */    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
   
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){    * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
       ps[ii][jj]=0;    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
       ps[ii][ii]=1;    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
     }    parcimony.
   }    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
   
     Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){    *** empty log message ***
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
    }    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
     printf("\n ");  
     }  */
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/  /*
 /*     Interpolated Markov Chain
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);  
   goto end;*/    Short summary of the programme:
     return ps;    
 }    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies or State-specific
     (if states aren't health statuses) Expectancies from
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: 
   
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)    -1- a first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages
 {    are interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times    the case of a health survey which is our main interest)
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */  
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized    -2- at least a second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns    measure each change (if any) in individual health status.  Health
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */    expectancies are computed from the time spent in each health state
   long i, j, k;    according to a model. More health states you consider, more time is
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)    necessary to reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)    in the model.  The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)    where pij is the probability to be observed in state j at the second
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];    wave conditional to be observed in state i at the first
     wave. Therefore the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex +
   return out;    etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to
 }    have a more complex model than "constant and age", you should modify
     the program where the markup *Covariates have to be included here
     again* invites you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/    convergence.
   
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
 {    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
      duration (i.e. until    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step  
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
      included manually here.    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
     states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
      */    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
     matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   int i, j, d, h, k;    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];    hPijx.
   double **newm;  
     Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    of the life expectancies. It also computes the period (stable) prevalence.
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)  
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  Back prevalence and projections:
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);   - back_prevalence_limit(double *p, double **bprlim, double ageminpar,
     }     double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, double
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */     dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass, int
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){     mobilavproj)
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){  
       newm=savm;      Computes the back prevalence limit for any combination of
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */      covariate values k at any age between ageminpar and agemaxpar and
       cov[1]=1.;      returns it in **bprlim. In the loops,
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];     - **bprevalim(**bprlim, ***mobaverage, nlstate, *p, age, **oldm,
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)         **savm, **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)     - hBijx Back Probability to be in state i at age x-h being in j at x
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];     Computes for any combination of covariates k and any age between bage and fage 
      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
                           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/  
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/     - hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k, nres);
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,       Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
       savm=oldm;       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
       oldm=newm;       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
     }  
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)       Returns p3mat[i][j][h] after calling
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {       p3mat[i][j][h]=matprod2(newm,
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];       bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm,
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);       dsavm,ij),\ 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
          */       oldm);
       }  
   } /* end h */  Important routines
   return po;  
 }  - func (or funcone), computes logit (pij) distinguishing
     o fixed variables (single or product dummies or quantitative);
     o varying variables by:
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/     (1) wave (single, product dummies, quantitative), 
 double func( double *x)     (2) by age (can be month) age (done), age*age (done), age*Vn where Vn can be:
 {         % fixed dummy (treated) or quantitative (not done because time-consuming);
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;         % varying dummy (not done) or quantitative (not done);
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];  - Tricode which tests the modality of dummy variables (in order to warn with wrong or empty modalities)
   double **out;    and returns the number of efficient covariates cptcoveff and modalities nbcode[Tvar[k]][1]= 0 and nbcode[Tvar[k]][2]= 1 usually.
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */  - printinghtml which outputs results like life expectancy in and from a state for a combination of modalities of dummy variables
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */    o There are 2*cptcoveff combinations of (0,1) for cptcoveff variables. Outputting only combinations with people, éliminating 1 1 if
   long ipmx;      race White (0 0), Black vs White (1 0), Hispanic (0 1) and 1 1 being meaningless.
   /*extern weight */  
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */  
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/    
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
   */    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
   cov[1]=1.;    from the European Union.
     It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];  
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){    **********************************************************************/
         newm=savm;  /*
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;    main
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {    read parameterfile
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];    read datafile
         }    concatwav
            freqsummary
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,    if (mle >= 1)
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));      mlikeli
         savm=oldm;    print results files
         oldm=newm;    if mle==1 
               computes hessian
            read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
       } /* end mult */        begin-prev-date,...
          open gnuplot file
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);    open html file
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/    period (stable) prevalence      | pl_nom    1-1 2-2 etc by covariate
       ipmx +=1;     for age prevalim()             | #****** V1=0  V2=1  V3=1  V4=0 ******
       sw += weight[i];                                    | 65 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 0  0.96326 0.03674
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;      freexexit2 possible for memory heap.
     } /* end of wave */  
   } /* end of individual */    h Pij x                         | pij_nom  ficrestpij
      # Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j= 1-1 1-2     1-3     2-1     2-2     2-3
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];         1  85   85    1.00000             0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1.00000 0.00000
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */         1  85   86    0.68299             0.22291 0.09410 0.71093 0.00000 0.28907
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */  
   return -l;         1  65   99    0.00364             0.00322 0.99314 0.00350 0.00310 0.99340
 }         1  65  100    0.00214             0.00204 0.99581 0.00206 0.00196 0.99597
     variance of p one-step probabilities varprob  | prob_nom   ficresprob #One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()
      Standard deviation of one-step probabilities | probcor_nom   ficresprobcor #One-step probabilities and correlation matrix
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/     Matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities |  probcov_nom ficresprobcov #One-step probabilities and covariance matrix
   
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
 {    health expectancies
   int i,j, iter;    Variance-covariance of DFLE
   double **xi,*delti;    prevalence()
   double fret;     movingaverage()
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    varevsij() 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)    total life expectancies
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    Variance of period (stable) prevalence
   printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");   end
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);  */
   
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));  /* #define DEBUG */
   fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));  /* #define DEBUGBRENT */
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));  /* #define DEBUGLINMIN */
   /* #define DEBUGHESS */
 }  #define DEBUGHESSIJ
   /* #define LINMINORIGINAL  /\* Don't use loop on scale in linmin (accepting nan) *\/ */
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/  #define POWELL /* Instead of NLOPT */
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))  #define POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST /* Skip test */
 {  /* #define POWELLORIGINAL /\* Don't use Directest to decide new direction but original Powell test *\/ */
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;  /* #define MNBRAKORIGINAL /\* Don't use mnbrak fix *\/ */
   double **hess;  
   int i, j,jk;  #include <math.h>
   int *indx;  #include <stdio.h>
   #include <stdlib.h>
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);  #include <string.h>
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);  #include <ctype.h>
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;  
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;  #ifdef _WIN32
   #include <io.h>
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  #include <windows.h>
   #include <tchar.h>
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");  #else
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");  #include <unistd.h>
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  #endif
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);  #include <limits.h>
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);  #include <sys/types.h>
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/  
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/  #if defined(__GNUC__)
   }  #include <sys/utsname.h> /* Doesn't work on Windows */
    #endif
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {  #include <sys/stat.h>
       if (j>i) {  #include <errno.h>
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);  /* extern int errno; */
         fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);  
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);  /* #ifdef LINUX */
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];      /* #include <time.h> */
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/  /* #include "timeval.h" */
       }  /* #else */
     }  /* #include <sys/time.h> */
   }  /* #endif */
   printf("\n");  
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  #include <time.h>
   
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  #ifdef GSL
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  #include <gsl/gsl_errno.h>
    #include <gsl/gsl_multimin.h>
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  #endif
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  
   x=vector(1,npar);  
   indx=ivector(1,npar);  #ifdef NLOPT
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  #include <nlopt.h>
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];  typedef struct {
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);    double (* function)(double [] );
   } myfunc_data ;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  #endif
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  
     x[j]=1;  /* #include <libintl.h> */
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];  #define MAXLINE 2048 /* Was 256 and 1024. Overflow with 312 with 2 states and 4 covariates. Should be ok */
     }  
   }  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
   /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);  
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);  #define MAXPARM 128 /**< Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
     }  #define NPARMAX 64 /**< (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
     printf("\n");  
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  #define NINTERVMAX 8
   }  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /**< Maximum number of live states (for func) */
   #define NDEATHMAX 8 /**< Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
   /* Recompute Inverse */  #define NCOVMAX 20 /**< Maximum number of covariates, including generated covariates V1*V2 */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];  /*#define decodtabm(h,k,cptcoveff)= (h <= (1<<cptcoveff)?(((h-1) >> (k-1)) & 1) +1 : -1)*/
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);  #define decodtabm(h,k,cptcoveff) (((h-1) >> (k-1)) & 1) +1 
   #define MAXN 20000
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");  #define YEARM 12. /**< Number of months per year */
   /* #define AGESUP 130 */
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  /* #define AGESUP 150 */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  #define AGESUP 200
     x[j]=1;  #define AGEINF 0
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  #define AGEMARGE 25 /* Marge for agemin and agemax for(iage=agemin-AGEMARGE; iage <= agemax+3+AGEMARGE; iage++) */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  #define AGEBASE 40
       y[i][j]=x[i];  #define AGEOVERFLOW 1.e20
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);  #define AGEGOMP 10 /**< Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);  #ifdef _WIN32
     }  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
     printf("\n");  #define CHARSEPARATOR "\\"
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
   }  #else
   */  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
   #define CHARSEPARATOR "/"
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);  #endif
   free_vector(x,1,npar);  
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);  /* $Id$ */
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);  /* $State$ */
   #include "version.h"
   char version[]=__IMACH_VERSION__;
 }  char copyright[]="April 2018,INED-EUROREVES-Institut de longevite-Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121), Intel Software 2015-2018";
   char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/  char strstart[80];
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH];
 {  int erreur=0, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
   int i;  int nagesqr=0, nforce=0; /* nagesqr=1 if model is including age*age, number of forces */
   int l=1, lmax=20;  /* Number of covariates model=V2+V1+ V3*age+V2*V4 */
   double k1,k2;  int cptcovn=0; /**< cptcovn number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age and age*product) */
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  int cptcovt=0; /**< cptcovt number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age) */
   double res;  int cptcovs=0; /**< cptcovs number of simple covariates in the model V2+V1 =2 */
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;  int cptcovsnq=0; /**< cptcovsnq number of simple covariates in the model but non quantitative V2+V1 =2 */
   double fx;  int cptcovage=0; /**< Number of covariates with age: V3*age only =1 */
   int k=0,kmax=10;  int cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age */   
   double l1;  int cptcoveff=0; /* Total number of covariates to vary for printing results */
   int ncovf=0; /* Total number of effective fixed covariates (dummy or quantitative) in the model */
   fx=func(x);  int ncovv=0; /* Total number of effective (wave) varying covariates (dummy or quantitative) in the model */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  int ncova=0; /* Total number of effective (wave and stepm) varying with age covariates (dummy of quantitative) in the model */
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  int nsd=0; /**< Total number of single dummy variables (output) */
     l1=pow(10,l);  int nsq=0; /**< Total number of single quantitative variables (output) */
     delts=delt;  int ncoveff=0; /* Total number of effective fixed dummy covariates in the model */
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){  int nqfveff=0; /**< nqfveff Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
       delt = delta*(l1*k);  int ntveff=0; /**< ntveff number of effective time varying variables */
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;  int nqtveff=0; /**< ntqveff number of effective time varying quantitative variables */
       k1=func(p2)-fx;  int cptcov=0; /* Working variable */
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;  int ncovcombmax=NCOVMAX; /* Maximum calculated number of covariate combination = pow(2, cptcoveff) */
       k2=func(p2)-fx;  int npar=NPARMAX;
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
        int ncovmodel=0, ncovcol=0;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 #ifdef DEBUG  int  nqv=0, ntv=0, nqtv=0;    /* Total number of quantitative variables, time variable (dummy), quantitative and time variable */ 
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);  int popbased=0;
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);  
 #endif  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */  int maxwav=0; /* Maxim number of waves */
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){  int jmin=0, jmax=0; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
         k=kmax;  int ijmin=0, ijmax=0; /* Individuals having jmin and jmax */ 
       }  int gipmx=0, gsw=0; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */                     to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;  int mle=1, weightopt=0;
       }  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
         delts=delt;  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
       }             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
     }  int countcallfunc=0;  /* Count the number of calls to func */
   }  int selected(int kvar); /* Is covariate kvar selected for printing results */
   delti[theta]=delts;  
   return res;  double jmean=1; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
    double **matprod2(); /* test */
 }  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
   double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)  double   **ddnewms, **ddoldms, **ddsavms; /* for freeing later */
 {  
   int i;  /*FILE *fic ; */ /* Used in readdata only */
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;  FILE *ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres, *ficresp, *ficresphtm, *ficresphtmfr, *ficrespl, *ficresplb,*ficrespij, *ficrespijb, *ficrest,*ficresf, *ficresfb,*ficrespop;
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  int globpr=0; /* Global variable for printing or not */
   int k;  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   long ipmx=0; /* Number of contributions */
   fx=func(x);  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;  FILE *ficresilk;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
     k1=func(p2)-fx;  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
    FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;  FILE *ficreseij;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
     k2=func(p2)-fx;  FILE *ficresstdeij;
    char fileresstde[FILENAMELENGTH];
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  FILE *ficrescveij;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  char filerescve[FILENAMELENGTH];
     k3=func(p2)-fx;  FILE  *ficresvij;
    char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  char title[MAXLINE];
     k4=func(p2)-fx;  char model[MAXLINE]; /**< The model line */
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH],  fileresplb[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #ifdef DEBUG  char plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH], pplotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #endif  int  outcmd=0;
   }  
   return res;  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespijb[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
 }  char fileresu[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* fileres without r in front */
   char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
 {  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
   int i,imax,j,k;  
   double big,dum,sum,temp;  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
   double *vv;  
    /* struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time; */
   vv=vector(1,n);  /* struct timezone tzp; */
   *d=1.0;  /* extern int gettimeofday(); */
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  struct tm tml, *gmtime(), *localtime();
     big=0.0;  
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)  extern time_t time();
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;  
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");  struct tm start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
     vv[i]=1.0/big;  time_t  rstart_time, rend_time, rcurr_time, rlast_time, rforecast_time; /* raw time */
   }  struct tm tm;
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {  char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
       sum=a[i][j];  
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  char *endptr;
       a[i][j]=sum;  long lval;
     }  double dval;
     big=0.0;  
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {  #define NR_END 1
       sum=a[i][j];  #define FREE_ARG char*
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  
       a[i][j]=sum;  #define NRANSI 
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {  #define ITMAX 200
         big=dum;  #define ITPOWMAX 20 /* This is now multiplied by the number of parameters */ 
         imax=i;  
       }  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
     }  
     if (j != imax) {  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
         dum=a[imax][k];  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];  
         a[j][k]=dum;  #define GOLD 1.618034 
       }  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
       *d = -(*d);  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
       vv[imax]=vv[j];  
     }  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
     indx[j]=imax;  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
     if (j != n) {    
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
     }  /* http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~robbers/cmbeasy/doc/html/myutils_8h-source.html */
   }  #define mytinydouble 1.0e-16
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */  /* #define DEQUAL(a,b) (fabs((a)-(b))<mytinydouble) */
 ;  /* http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~robbers/cmbeasy/doc/html/mynrutils_8h-source.html */
 }  /* static double dsqrarg; */
   /* #define DSQR(a) (DEQUAL((dsqrarg=(a)),0.0) ? 0.0 : dsqrarg*dsqrarg) */
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])  static double sqrarg;
 {  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   double sum;  int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
    
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  int imx; 
     ip=indx[i];  int stepm=1;
     sum=b[ip];  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
     b[ip]=b[i];  
     if (ii)  int estepm;
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
     else if (sum) ii=i;  
     b[i]=sum;  int m,nb;
   }  long *num;
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *cens;
     sum=b[i];  int *ncodemax;  /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the j th
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];                     covariate for which somebody answered excluding 
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];                     undefined. Usually 2: 0 and 1. */
   }  int *ncodemaxwundef;  /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the j th
 }                               covariate for which somebody answered including 
                                undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
 /************ Frequencies ********************/  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)  double **pmmij, ***probs; /* Global pointer */
 {  /* Some frequencies */  double ***mobaverage, ***mobaverages; /* New global variable */
    double *ageexmed,*agecens;
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;  double dateintmean=0;
   int first;  
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  double *weight;
   double *pp;  int **s; /* Status */
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;  double *agedc;
   FILE *ficresp;  double  **covar; /**< covar[j,i], value of jth covariate for individual i,
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];                    * covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
                      * cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*age; */
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  double **coqvar; /* Fixed quantitative covariate nqv */
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  double ***cotvar; /* Time varying covariate ntv */
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");  double ***cotqvar; /* Time varying quantitative covariate itqv */
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);  double  idx; 
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {  int **nbcode, *Tvar; /**< model=V2 => Tvar[1]= 2 */
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);  /*           V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);  /*k          1  2   3   4     5    6    7     8    9 */
     exit(0);  /*Tvar[k]=   5  4   3   6     5    2    7     1    1 */
   }  /* Tndvar[k]    1   2   3               4          5 */
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);  /*TDvar         4   3   6               7          1 */ /* For outputs only; combination of dummies fixed or varying */
   j1=0;  /* Tns[k]    1  2   2              4               5 */ /* Number of single cova */
    /* TvarsD[k]    1   2                              3 */ /* Number of single dummy cova */
   j=cptcoveff;  /* TvarsDind    2   3                              9 */ /* position K of single dummy cova */
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  /* TvarsQ[k] 1                     2                 */ /* Number of single quantitative cova */
   /* TvarsQind 1                     6                 */ /* position K of single quantitative cova */
   first=1;  /* Tprod[i]=k           4               7            */
   /* Tage[i]=k                  5               8      */
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){  /* */
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  /* Type                    */
       j1++;  /* V         1  2  3  4  5 */
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);  /*           F  F  V  V  V */
         scanf("%d", i);*/  /*           D  Q  D  D  Q */
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    /*                         */
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    int *TvarsD;
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)  int *TvarsDind;
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;  int *TvarsQ;
        int *TvarsQind;
       dateintsum=0;  
       k2cpt=0;  #define MAXRESULTLINES 10
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {  int nresult=0;
         bool=1;  int parameterline=0; /* # of the parameter (type) line */
         if  (cptcovn>0) {  int TKresult[MAXRESULTLINES];
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)  int Tresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX];/* For dummy variable , value (output) */
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])  int Tinvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX];/* For dummy variable , value (output) */
               bool=0;  int Tvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For dummy variable , variable # (output) */
         }  double Tqresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , value (output) */
         if (bool==1) {  double Tqinvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , value (output) */
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){  int Tvqresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , variable # (output) */
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);  
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {  /* int *TDvar; /\**< TDvar[1]=4,  TDvarF[2]=3, TDvar[3]=6  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 *\/ */
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;  int *TvarF; /**< TvarF[1]=Tvar[6]=2,  TvarF[2]=Tvar[7]=7, TvarF[3]=Tvar[9]=1  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;  int *TvarFind; /**< TvarFind[1]=6,  TvarFind[2]=7, Tvarind[3]=9  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
               if (m<lastpass) {  int *TvarV; /**< TvarV[1]=Tvar[1]=5, TvarV[2]=Tvar[2]=4  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  int *TvarVind; /**< TvarVind[1]=1, TvarVind[2]=2  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];  int *TvarA; /**< TvarA[1]=Tvar[5]=5, TvarA[2]=Tvar[8]=1  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
               }  int *TvarAind; /**< TvarindA[1]=5, TvarAind[2]=8  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
                int *TvarFD; /**< TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {  int *TvarFDind; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;  int *TvarFQ; /* TvarFQ[1]=V2 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
                 k2cpt++;  int *TvarFQind; /* TvarFQind[1]=6 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
               }  int *TvarVD; /* TvarVD[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
             }  int *TvarVDind; /* TvarVDind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
           }  int *TvarVQ; /* TvarVQ[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         }  int *TvarVQind; /* TvarVQind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
       }  
          int *Tvarsel; /**< Selected covariates for output */
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);  double *Tvalsel; /**< Selected modality value of covariate for output */
   int *Typevar; /**< 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product */
       if  (cptcovn>0) {  int *Fixed; /** Fixed[k] 0=fixed, 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product */ 
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");  int *Dummy; /** Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product */ 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  int *DummyV; /** Dummy[v] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative */
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");  int *FixedV; /** FixedV[v] 0 fixed, 1 varying */
       }  int *Tage;
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  int anyvaryingduminmodel=0; /**< Any varying dummy in Model=1 yes, 0 no, to avoid a loop on waves in freq */ 
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);  int *Tmodelind; /** Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9 for V1 position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");  int *TmodelInvind; /** Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9 for V1 position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/ 
        int *TmodelInvQind; /** Tmodelqind[1]=1 for V5(quantitative varying) position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1  */
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){  int *Ndum; /** Freq of modality (tricode */
         if(i==(int)agemax+3){  /* int **codtab;*/ /**< codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); */
           fprintf(ficlog,"Total");  int **Tvard;
         }else{  int *Tprod;/**< Gives the k position of the k1 product */
           if(first==1){  /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3  */
             first=0;  int *Tposprod; /**< Gives the k1 product from the k position */
             printf("See log file for details...\n");     /* if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2) */
           }     /* Tposprod[k]=k1 , Tposprod[3]=1, Tposprod[5(V3*V2)]=2 (2nd product without age) */
           fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);  int cptcovprod, *Tvaraff, *invalidvarcomb;
         }  double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)  #define FD 1; /* Fixed dummy covariate */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  #define FQ 2; /* Fixed quantitative covariate */
         }  #define FP 3; /* Fixed product covariate */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  #define FPDD 7; /* Fixed product dummy*dummy covariate */
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)  #define FPDQ 8; /* Fixed product dummy*quantitative covariate */
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];  #define FPQQ 9; /* Fixed product quantitative*quantitative covariate */
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){  #define VD 10; /* Varying dummy covariate */
             if(first==1){  #define VQ 11; /* Varying quantitative covariate */
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);  #define VP 12; /* Varying product covariate */
             }  #define VPDD 13; /* Varying product dummy*dummy covariate */
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);  #define VPDQ 14; /* Varying product dummy*quantitative covariate */
           }else{  #define VPQQ 15; /* Varying product quantitative*quantitative covariate */
             if(first==1)  #define APFD 16; /* Age product * fixed dummy covariate */
               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  #define APFQ 17; /* Age product * fixed quantitative covariate */
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  #define APVD 18; /* Age product * varying dummy covariate */
           }  #define APVQ 19; /* Age product * varying quantitative covariate */
         }  
   #define FTYPE 1; /* Fixed covariate */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  #define VTYPE 2; /* Varying covariate (loop in wave) */
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  #define ATYPE 2; /* Age product covariate (loop in dh within wave)*/
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  
         }  struct kmodel{
           int maintype; /* main type */
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)          int subtype; /* subtype */
           pos += pp[jk];  };
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  struct kmodel modell[NCOVMAX];
           if(pos>=1.e-5){  
             if(first==1)  double ftol=FTOL; /**< Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);  double ftolhess; /**< Tolerance for computing hessian */
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);  
           }else{  /**************** split *************************/
             if(first==1)  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  {
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    /* From a file name with (full) path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
           }       the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
           if( i <= (int) agemax){    */ 
             if(pos>=1.e-5){    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);    int   l1=0, l2=0;                             /* length counters */
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;  
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
             }    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
             else    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so determine current directory */
           }      strcpy( name, path );               /* we got the fullname name because no directory */
         }      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
                printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)      /* get current working directory */
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {  #ifdef WIN32
             if(first==1)      if (_getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
               printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);  #else
               fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);          if (getcwd(dirc, FILENAME_MAX) == NULL) {
             }  #endif
         if(i <= (int) agemax)        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");      }
         if(first==1)      /* got dirc from getcwd*/
           printf("Others in log...\n");      printf(" DIRC = %s \n",dirc);
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    } else {                              /* strip directory from path */
       }      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
     }      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
   }      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
        strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
   fclose(ficresp);      dirc[l1-l2] = '\0';                 /* add zero */
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);      printf(" DIRC2 = %s \n",dirc);
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);    }
      /* We add a separator at the end of dirc if not exists */
   /* End of Freq */    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
 }    if( dirc[l1-1] != DIRSEPARATOR ){
       dirc[l1] =  DIRSEPARATOR;
 /************ Prevalence ********************/      dirc[l1+1] = 0; 
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)      printf(" DIRC3 = %s \n",dirc);
 {  /* Some frequencies */    }
      ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    if (ss >0){
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */      ss++;
   double *pp;      strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
   double pos, k2;      l1= strlen( name);
       l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);      strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
      }
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);  
   j1=0;    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
    }
   j=cptcoveff;  
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  
    /******************************************/
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){  
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
       j1++;  {
          int i;
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)      int lg=0;
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)      i=0;
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)    lg=strlen(t);
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
            (s[i] = t[i]);
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
         bool=1;    }
         if  (cptcovn>0) {  }
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)  
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])  char *trimbb(char *out, char *in)
               bool=0;  { /* Trim multiple blanks in line but keeps first blanks if line starts with blanks */
         }    char *s;
         if (bool==1) {    s=out;
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){    while (*in != '\0'){
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);      while( *in == ' ' && *(in+1) == ' '){ /* && *(in+1) != '\0'){*/
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {        in++;
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;      }
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;      *out++ = *in++;
               if (m<lastpass) {    }
                 if (calagedate>0)    *out='\0';
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];    return s;
                 else  }
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];  /* char *substrchaine(char *out, char *in, char *chain) */
               }  /* { */
             }  /*   /\* Substract chain 'chain' from 'in', return and output 'out' *\/ */
           }  /*   char *s, *t; */
         }  /*   t=in;s=out; */
       }  /*   while ((*in != *chain) && (*in != '\0')){ */
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){  /*     *out++ = *in++; */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /*   } */
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)  
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  /*   /\* *in matches *chain *\/ */
         }  /*   while ((*in++ == *chain++) && (*in != '\0')){ */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /*     printf("*in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)  /*   } */
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];  /*   in--; chain--; */
         }  /*   while ( (*in != '\0')){ */
          /*     printf("Bef *in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /*     *out++ = *in++; */
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  /*     printf("Aft *in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  /*   } */
         }  /*   *out='\0'; */
          /*   out=s; */
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];  /*   return out; */
          /* } */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      char *substrchaine(char *out, char *in, char *chain)
           if( i <= (int) agemax){  {
             if(pos>=1.e-5){    /* Substract chain 'chain' from 'in', return and output 'out' */
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    /* in="V1+V1*age+age*age+V2", chain="age*age" */
             }  
           }    char *strloc;
         }/* end jk */  
       }/* end i */    strcpy (out, in); 
     } /* end i1 */    strloc = strstr(out, chain); /* strloc points to out at age*age+V2 */
   } /* end k1 */    printf("Bef strloc=%s chain=%s out=%s \n", strloc, chain, out);
     if(strloc != NULL){ 
        /* will affect out */ /* strloc+strlenc(chain)=+V2 */ /* Will also work in Unicode */
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);      memmove(strloc,strloc+strlen(chain), strlen(strloc+strlen(chain))+1);
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);      /* strcpy (strloc, strloc +strlen(chain));*/
      }
 }  /* End of Freq */    printf("Aft strloc=%s chain=%s in=%s out=%s \n", strloc, chain, in, out);
     return out;
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/  }
   
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)  
 {  char *cutl(char *blocc, char *alocc, char *in, char occ)
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.  {
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).    /* cuts string in into blocc and alocc where blocc ends before FIRST occurence of char 'occ' 
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i       and alocc starts after first occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(blocc,alocc,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]       gives blocc="abcdef" and alocc="ghi2j".
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.       If occ is not found blocc is null and alocc is equal to in. Returns blocc
      */    */
     char *s, *t;
   int i, mi, m;    t=in;s=in;
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;    while ((*in != occ) && (*in != '\0')){
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/      *alocc++ = *in++;
   int first;    }
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;    if( *in == occ){
   double sum=0.;      *(alocc)='\0';
   first=0;      s=++in;
   jmin=1e+5;    }
   jmax=-1;   
   jmean=0.;    if (s == t) {/* occ not found */
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){      *(alocc-(in-s))='\0';
     mi=0;      in=s;
     m=firstpass;    }
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){    while ( *in != '\0'){
       if(s[m][i]>=1)      *blocc++ = *in++;
         mw[++mi][i]=m;    }
       if(m >=lastpass)  
         break;    *blocc='\0';
       else    return t;
         m++;  }
     }/* end while */  char *cutv(char *blocc, char *alocc, char *in, char occ)
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){  {
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */    /* cuts string in into blocc and alocc where blocc ends before LAST occurence of char 'occ' 
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */       and alocc starts after last occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(blocc,alocc,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
          /* Only death is a correct wave */       gives blocc="abcdef2ghi" and alocc="j".
       mw[mi][i]=m;       If occ is not found blocc is null and alocc is equal to in. Returns alocc
     }    */
     char *s, *t;
     wav[i]=mi;    t=in;s=in;
     if(mi==0){    while (*in != '\0'){
       if(first==0){      while( *in == occ){
         printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);        *blocc++ = *in++;
         first=1;        s=in;
       }      }
       if(first==1){      *blocc++ = *in++;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);    }
       }    if (s == t) /* occ not found */
     } /* end mi==0 */      *(blocc-(in-s))='\0';
   }    else
       *(blocc-(in-s)-1)='\0';
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){    in=s;
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){    while ( *in != '\0'){
       if (stepm <=0)      *alocc++ = *in++;
         dh[mi][i]=1;    }
       else{  
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {    *alocc='\0';
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {    return s;
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);  }
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */  
           k=k+1;  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;  {
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;    int i,j=0;
           sum=sum+j;    int lg=20;
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */    i=0;
           }    lg=strlen(s);
         }    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
         else{      if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));    }
           k=k+1;    return j;
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;  }
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;  
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */  /* void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ) */
           sum=sum+j;  /* { */
         }  /*   /\* cuts string t into u and v where u ends before last occurence of char 'occ'  */
         jk= j/stepm;  /*      and v starts after last occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2') */
         jl= j -jk*stepm;  /*      gives u="abcdef2ghi" and v="j" *\/ */
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;  /*   int i,lg,j,p=0; */
         if(jl <= -ju)  /*   i=0; */
           dh[mi][i]=jk;  /*   lg=strlen(t); */
         else  /*   for(j=0; j<=lg-1; j++) { */
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;  /*     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1; */
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)  /*   } */
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */  
       }  /*   for(j=0; j<p; j++) { */
     }  /*     (u[j] = t[j]); */
   }  /*   } */
   jmean=sum/k;  /*      u[p]='\0'; */
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);  /*    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) { */
  }  /*     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]); */
   /*   } */
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/  /* } */
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)  
 {  #ifdef _WIN32
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;  char * strsep(char **pp, const char *delim)
   int cptcode=0;  {
   cptcoveff=0;    char *p, *q;
             
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    if ((p = *pp) == NULL)
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;      return 0;
     if ((q = strpbrk (p, delim)) != NULL)
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {    {
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      *pp = q + 1;
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);      *q = '\0';
       Ndum[ij]++;    }
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/    else
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;      *pp = 0;
     }    return p;
   }
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {  #endif
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;  
     }  /********************** nrerror ********************/
     ij=1;  
   void nrerror(char error_text[])
   {
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;  }
            /*********************** vector *******************/
           ij++;  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
         }  {
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;    double *v;
       }      v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     }    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
   }      return v-nl+NR_END;
   }
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;  
   /************************ free vector ******************/
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
    ij=Tvar[i];  {
    Ndum[ij]++;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
  }  }
   
  ij=1;  /************************ivector *******************************/
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){  {
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;    int *v;
      ij++;    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
    }    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
  }    return v-nl+NR_END;
    }
  cptcoveff=ij-1;  
 }  /******************free ivector **************************/
   void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )  }
   
 {  /************************lvector *******************************/
   /* Health expectancies */  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;  {
   double age, agelim, hf;    long *v;
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   double *xp;    return v-nl+NR_END;
   double **gp, **gm;  }
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;  
   int theta;  /******************free lvector **************************/
   void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);  {
   xp=vector(1,npar);    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  }
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);  
    /******************* imatrix *******************************/
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  { 
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    int **m; 
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    
     /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
   if(estepm < stepm){    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
   }    m += NR_END; 
   else  hstepm=estepm;      m -= nrl; 
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months    
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example    
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear    
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */    
     /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */    return m; 
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.  } 
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim  
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */        int **m;
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if  { 
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
   */  } 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */  
   /******************* matrix *******************************/
   agelim=AGESUP;  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */  {
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);    double **m;
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */  
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    m += NR_END;
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);    m -= nrl;
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored    m[nrl] += NR_END;
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */    m[nrl] -= ncl;
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);    
      for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
     return m;
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) or &(m[1][0])
   m[i] = address of ith row of the table. &(m[i]) is its value which is another adress
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */  that of m[i][0]. In order to get the value p m[i][0] but it is unitialized.
      */
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){  }
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){  
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  /*************************free matrix ************************/
       }  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    {
      free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       cptj=0;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){  
           cptj=cptj+1;  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;  {
           }    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
         }    double ***m;
       }  
          m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
          if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    m += NR_END;
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    m -= nrl;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    
          m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
       cptj=0;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    m[nrl] += NR_END;
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){    m[nrl] -= ncl;
           cptj=cptj+1;  
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;  
           }    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
         }    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
       }    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
         }    
      }    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
          m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
 /* End theta */      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
         m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    }
     return m; 
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    */
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];  }
        
   /*************************free ma3x ************************/
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)  {
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
     free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);  }
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){  
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){  /*************** function subdirf ***********/
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  char *subdirf(char fileres[])
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);  {
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;    strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
       }    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     }    return tmpout;
     /* Computing expectancies */  }
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){  char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;  {
              
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
         }    strcat(tmpout,"/");
     strcat(tmpout,preop);
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     cptj=0;    return tmpout;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){  
         cptj++;  /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
       }  {
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    
        /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    strcat(tmpout,"/");
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);    strcat(tmpout,preop);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   }    return tmpout;
   printf("\n");  }
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");   
   /*************** function subdirfext ***********/
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  char *subdirfext(char fileres[], char *preop, char *postop)
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  {
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);    strcpy(tmpout,preop);
 }    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     strcat(tmpout,postop);
 /************ Variance ******************/    return tmpout;
 void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased)  }
 {  
   /* Variance of health expectancies */  /*************** function subdirfext3 ***********/
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/  char *subdirfext3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *postop)
   /* double **newm;*/  {
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    
   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
   int k, cptcode;    strcat(tmpout,"/");
   double *xp;    strcat(tmpout,preop);
   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */    strcat(tmpout,postop);
   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */    return tmpout;
   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */  }
   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */   
   double ***p3mat;  char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
   double age,agelim, hf;  {
   int theta;    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
   char digit[4];    days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
   char digitp[16];    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
     hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];    sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
     minutes = (sec_left) /60;
   if(popbased==1)    sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
     strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-");    sprintf(ascdiff,"%ld day(s) %ld hour(s) %ld minute(s) %ld second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
   else    return ascdiff;
     strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");  }
   
   strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev");  /***************** f1dim *************************/
   sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);  extern int ncom; 
   /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not */   
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);  double f1dim(double x) 
   if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {  { 
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);    int j; 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);    double f;
   }    double *xt; 
   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);   
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);    return f; 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  } 
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);  
   }    /*****************brent *************************/
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {  {
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    /* Given a function f, and given a bracketing triplet of abscissas ax, bx, cx (such that bx is
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);     * between ax and cx, and f(bx) is less than both f(ax) and f(cx) ), this routine isolates
     exit(0);     * the minimum to a fractional precision of about tol using Brent’s method. The abscissa of
   }     * the minimum is returned as xmin, and the minimum function value is returned as brent , the
   else{     * returned function value. 
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");    */
   }    int iter; 
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {    double a,b,d,etemp;
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    double fu=0,fv,fw,fx;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    double ftemp=0.;
     exit(0);    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
   }    double e=0.0; 
   else{   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing step probabilities of dying and weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
   }    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    x=w=v=bx; 
     fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
   #ifdef DEBUGBRENT
   xp=vector(1,npar);      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
   dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);  #endif
   doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
         *xmin=x; 
   gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        return fx; 
   gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      } 
   gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      ftemp=fu;
   trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
          r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
   if(estepm < stepm){        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
   }        q=2.0*(q-r); 
   else  hstepm=estepm;          if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */        q=fabs(q); 
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.        etemp=e; 
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim        e=d; 
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size                                  d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
      and note for a fixed period like k years */        else { 
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the                                  d=p/q; 
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it                                  u=x+d; 
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if                                  if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same                                          d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.        } 
   */      } else { 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   agelim = AGESUP;      } 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */      fu=(*f)(u); 
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */      if (fu <= fx) { 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      } else { 
         if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
         if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){                                  v=w; 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */                                  w=u; 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);                                  fv=fw; 
       }                                  fw=fu; 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);                                  v=u; 
                                   fv=fu; 
       if (popbased==1) {        } 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      } 
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    } 
       }    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
      *xmin=x; 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    return fx; 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  } 
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)  
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
         }  
       }  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
       /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */              double (*func)(double)) 
       for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  { /* Given a function func , and given distinct initial points ax and bx , this routine searches in
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)  the downhill direction (defined by the function as evaluated at the initial points) and returns
           gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];  new points ax , bx , cx that bracket a minimum of the function. Also returned are the function
       }      values at the three points, fa, fb , and fc such that fa > fb and fb < fc.
       /* end force of mortality */     */
     double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */    double fu; 
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      double scale=10.;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    int iterscale=0;
    
       if (popbased==1) {    *fa=(*func)(*ax); /*  xta[j]=pcom[j]+(*ax)*xicom[j]; fa=f(xta[j])*/
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    *fb=(*func)(*bx); /*  xtb[j]=pcom[j]+(*bx)*xicom[j]; fb=f(xtb[j]) */
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  
       }  
     /* while(*fb != *fb){ /\* *ax should be ok, reducing distance to *ax *\/ */
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    /*   printf("Warning mnbrak *fb = %lf, *bx=%lf *ax=%lf *fa==%lf iter=%d\n",*fb, *bx, *ax, *fa, iterscale++); */
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    /*   *bx = *ax - (*ax - *bx)/scale; */
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)    /*   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  /\*  xtb[j]=pcom[j]+(*bx)*xicom[j]; fb=f(xtb[j]) *\/ */
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];    /* } */
         }  
       }    if (*fb > *fa) { 
       /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
       for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){      SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)    } 
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
       }        *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
       /* end force of mortality */  #ifdef DEBUG
     printf("mnbrak0 a=%lf *fa=%lf, b=%lf *fb=%lf, c=%lf *fc=%lf\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx, *fc);
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */    fprintf(ficlog,"mnbrak0 a=%lf *fa=%lf, b=%lf *fb=%lf, c=%lf *fc=%lf\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx, *fc);
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  #endif
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];    while (*fb > *fc) { /* Declining a,b,c with fa> fb > fc. If fc=inf it exits and if flat fb=fc it exits too.*/
         }      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); /* What if fa=inf */
         gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
       }        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); /* Minimum abscissa of a parabolic estimated from (a,fa), (b,fb) and (c,fc). */
       ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); /* Maximum abscissa where function should be evaluated */
     } /* End theta */      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { /* if u_p is between b and c */
         fu=(*func)(u); 
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */  #ifdef DEBUG
         /* f(x)=A(x-u)**2+f(u) */
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */        double A, fparabu; 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];        printf("\nmnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f, q=%lf < %lf=r)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu,q,r);
         fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f, q=%lf < %lf=r)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu,q,r);
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */        /* And thus,it can be that fu > *fc even if fparabu < *fc */
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        /* mnbrak (*ax=7.666299858533, *fa=299039.693133272231), (*bx=8.595447774979, *fb=298976.598289369489),
         trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];          (*cx=10.098840694817, *fc=298946.631474258087),  (*u=9.852501168332, fu=298948.773013752128, fparabu=298945.434711494134) */
         /* In that case, there is no bracket in the output! Routine is wrong with many consequences.*/
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */  #endif 
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  #ifdef MNBRAKORIGINAL
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)  #else
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;  /*       if (fu > *fc) { */
   /* #ifdef DEBUG */
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){  /*       printf("mnbrak4  fu > fc \n"); */
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){  /*       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak4 fu > fc\n"); */
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  /* #endif */
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);  /*      /\* SHFT(u,*cx,*cx,u) /\\* ie a=c, c=u and u=c; in that case, next SHFT(a,b,c,u) will give a=b=b, b=c=u, c=u=c and *\\/  *\/ */
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  /*      /\* SHFT(*fa,*fc,fu,*fc) /\\* (b, u, c) is a bracket while test fb > fc will be fu > fc  will exit *\\/ *\/ */
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)  /*      dum=u; /\* Shifting c and u *\/ */
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;  /*      u = *cx; */
       }  /*      *cx = dum; */
     }  /*      dum = fu; */
   /*      fu = *fc; */
     /* pptj */  /*      *fc =dum; */
     matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  /*       } else { /\* end *\/ */
     matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);  /* #ifdef DEBUG */
     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)  /*       printf("mnbrak3  fu < fc \n"); */
       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)  /*       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak3 fu < fc\n"); */
         varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];  /* #endif */
     /* end ppptj */  /*      dum=u; /\* Shifting c and u *\/ */
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    /*      u = *cx; */
     prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  /*      *cx = dum; */
    /*      dum = fu; */
     if (popbased==1) {  /*      fu = *fc; */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  /*      *fc =dum; */
         prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  /*       } */
     }  #ifdef DEBUGMNBRAK
                       double A, fparabu; 
     /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */       A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
     for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){       fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
       for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)       printf("\nmnbrak35 ax=%lf fa=%lf bx=%lf fb=%lf, u=%lf fp=%lf fu=%lf < or >= fc=%lf cx=%lf, q=%lf < %lf=r \n",*ax, *fa, *bx,*fb,u,fparabu,fu,*fc,*cx,q,r);
         gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];       fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak35 ax=%lf fa=%lf bx=%lf fb=%lf, u=%lf fp=%lf fu=%lf < or >= fc=%lf cx=%lf, q=%lf < %lf=r \n",*ax, *fa, *bx,*fb,u,fparabu,fu,*fc,*cx,q,r);
     }      #endif
     /* end force of mortality */        dum=u; /* Shifting c and u */
         u = *cx;
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);        *cx = dum;
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        dum = fu;
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));        fu = *fc;
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){        *fc =dum;
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);  #endif
       }      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { /* u is after c but before ulim */
     }  #ifdef DEBUG
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim\n",u,*cx);
         fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim\n",u,*cx);
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );  #endif
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        fu=(*func)(u); 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){        if (fu < *fc) { 
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);  #ifdef DEBUG
       }                                  printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim=%lf AND fu=%lf < %lf=fc\n",u,*cx,ulim,fu, *fc);
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");                            fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim=%lf AND fu=%lf < %lf=fc\n",u,*cx,ulim,fu, *fc);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  #endif
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);                            SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);                                  SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);  #ifdef DEBUG
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);                                          printf("\nmnbrak2 shift GOLD c=%lf",*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx));
   } /* End age */  #endif
   free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        } 
   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { /* u outside ulim (verifying that ulim is beyond c) */
   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  #ifdef DEBUG
   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf outside ulim=%lf (verifying that ulim is beyond c=%lf)\n",u,ulim,*cx);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf outside ulim=%lf (verifying that ulim is beyond c=%lf)\n",u,ulim,*cx);
   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */  #endif
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");        u=ulim; 
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);        fu=(*func)(u); 
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);      } else { /* u could be left to b (if r > q parabola has a maximum) */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);  #ifdef DEBUG
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf could be left to b=%lf (if r=%lf > q=%lf parabola has a maximum)\n",u,*bx,r,q);
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf could be left to b=%lf (if r=%lf > q=%lf parabola has a maximum)\n",u,*bx,r,q);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);  #endif
         u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);        fu=(*func)(u); 
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  #ifdef DEBUG
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        printf("\nmnbrak2 new u=%lf fu=%lf shifted gold left from c=%lf and b=%lf \n",u,fu,*cx,*bx);
   free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2 new u=%lf fu=%lf shifted gold left from c=%lf and b=%lf \n",u,fu,*cx,*bx);
   free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);  #endif
   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      } /* end tests */
   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
   fclose(ficgp);      SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
   fclose(fichtm);  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("\nmnbrak2 shift (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc);
 }        fprintf(ficlog, "\nmnbrak2 shift (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc);
   #endif
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/    } /* end while; ie return (a, b, c, fa, fb, fc) such that a < b < c with f(a) > f(b) and fb < f(c) */
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)  } 
 {  
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */  /*************** linmin ************************/
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/  /* Given an n -dimensional point p[1..n] and an n -dimensional direction xi[1..n] , moves and
   double **newm;  resets p to where the function func(p) takes on a minimum along the direction xi from p ,
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  and replaces xi by the actual vector displacement that p was moved. Also returns as fret
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;  the value of func at the returned location p . This is actually all accomplished by calling the
   int k, cptcode;  routines mnbrak and brent .*/
   double *xp;  int ncom; 
   double *gp, *gm;  double *pcom,*xicom;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   double age,agelim;   
   int theta;  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
      void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");  #else
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []), int *flat) 
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  #endif
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);  { 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
                  double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
   xp=vector(1,npar);    double f1dim(double x); 
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
      int j; 
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    double fx,fb,fa;
   agelim = AGESUP;  
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  #else
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;    double scale=10., axs, xxs; /* Scale added for infinity */
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  #endif
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);    
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);    ncom=n; 
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);    pcom=vector(1,n); 
     xicom=vector(1,n); 
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    nrfunc=func; 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
       }      xicom[j]=xi[j]; /* Former scale xi[j] of currrent direction i */
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    } 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
        xx=1.;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */  #else
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    axs=0.0;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    xxs=1.;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    do{
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];      xx= xxs;
   #endif
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      ax=0.;
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];      mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  /* Outputs: xtx[j]=pcom[j]+(*xx)*xicom[j]; fx=f(xtx[j]) */
     } /* End theta */      /* brackets with inputs ax=0 and xx=1, but points, pcom=p, and directions values, xicom=xi, are sent via f1dim(x) */
       /* xt[x,j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]  f(ax) = f(xt(a,j=1,n)) = f(p(j) + 0 * xi(j)) and  f(xx) = f(xt(x, j=1,n)) = f(p(j) + 1 * xi(j))   */
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      /* Outputs: fa=f(p(j)) and fx=f(p(j) + xxs * xi(j) ) and f(bx)= f(p(j)+ bx* xi(j)) */
       /* Given input ax=axs and xx=xxs, xx might be too far from ax to get a finite f(xx) */
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      /* Searches on line, outputs (ax, xx, bx) such that fx < min(fa and fb) */
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      /* Find a bracket a,x,b in direction n=xi ie xicom, order may change. Scale is [0:xxs*xi[j]] et non plus  [0:xi[j]]*/
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   #else
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      if (fx != fx){
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;                          xxs=xxs/scale; /* Trying a smaller xx, closer to initial ax=0 */
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);                          printf("|");
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);                          fprintf(ficlog,"|");
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */                          printf("\nLinmin NAN : input [axs=%lf:xxs=%lf], mnbrak outputs fx=%lf <(fb=%lf and fa=%lf) with xx=%lf in [ax=%lf:bx=%lf] \n",  axs, xxs, fx,fb, fa, xx, ax, bx);
   #endif
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );      }
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    }while(fx != fx && xxs > 1.e-5);
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));  #endif
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);    printf("\nLinmin after mnbrak: ax=%12.7f xx=%12.7f bx=%12.7f fa=%12.2f fx=%12.2f fb=%12.2f\n",  ax,xx,bx,fa,fx,fb);
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);    fprintf(ficlog,"\nLinmin after mnbrak: ax=%12.7f xx=%12.7f bx=%12.7f fa=%12.2f fx=%12.2f fb=%12.2f\n",  ax,xx,bx,fa,fx,fb);
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);  #endif
   } /* End age */  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   #else
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          if(fb == fx){ /* Flat function in the direction */
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);                  xmin=xx;
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      *flat=1;
           }else{
 }      *flat=0;
   #endif
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/                  /*Flat mnbrak2 shift (*ax=0.000000000000, *fa=51626.272983130431), (*bx=-1.618034000000, *fb=51590.149499362531), (*cx=-4.236068025156, *fc=51590.149499362531) */
 void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); /* Giving a bracketting triplet (ax, xx, bx), find a minimum, xmin, according to f1dim, *fret(xmin),*/
 {    /* fa = f(p[j] + ax * xi[j]), fx = f(p[j] + xx * xi[j]), fb = f(p[j] + bx * xi[j]) */
   int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;    /* fmin = f(p[j] + xmin * xi[j]) */
   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;    /* P+lambda n in that direction (lambdamin), with TOL between abscisses */
   int k=0,l, cptcode;    /* f1dim(xmin): for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+xmin*xicom[j]; */
   int first=1, first1;  #ifdef DEBUG
   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;    printf("retour brent from bracket (a=%lf fa=%lf, xx=%lf fx=%lf, b=%lf fb=%lf): fret=%lf xmin=%lf\n",ax,fa,xx,fx,bx,fb,*fret,xmin);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent from bracket (a=%lf fa=%lf, xx=%lf fx=%lf, b=%lf fb=%lf): fret=%lf xmin=%lf\n",ax,fa,xx,fx,bx,fb,*fret,xmin);
   double *xp;  #endif
   double *gp, *gm;  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   double **gradg, **trgradg;  #else
   double **mu;                          }
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];  #endif
   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   int theta;    printf("linmin end ");
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];    fprintf(ficlog,"linmin end ");
   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];  #endif
   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   double ***varpij;      xi[j] *= xmin; 
   #else
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);      if(xxs <1.0)
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {        printf(" before xi[%d]=%12.8f", j,xi[j]);
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);  #endif
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);      xi[j] *= xmin*xxs; /* xi rescaled by xmin and number of loops: if xmin=-1.237 and xi=(1,0,...,0) xi=(-1.237,0,...,0) */
   }  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov");      if(xxs <1.0)
   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);        printf(" after xi[%d]=%12.8f, xmin=%12.8f, ax=%12.8f, xx=%12.8f, bx=%12.8f, xxs=%12.8f", j,xi[j], xmin, ax, xx, bx,xxs );
   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {  #endif
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);  #endif
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);      p[j] += xi[j]; /* Parameters values are updated accordingly */
   }    } 
   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor");  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);    printf("\n");
   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {    printf("Comparing last *frec(xmin=%12.8f)=%12.8f from Brent and frec(0.)=%12.8f \n", xmin, *fret, (*func)(p));
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);    fprintf(ficlog,"Comparing last *frec(xmin=%12.8f)=%12.8f from Brent and frec(0.)=%12.8f \n", xmin, *fret, (*func)(p));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   }      printf(" xi[%d]= %14.10f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xi[j],j,p[j]);
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);      fprintf(ficlog," xi[%d]= %14.10f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xi[j],j,p[j]);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);      if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);        printf("\n");
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);      }
   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);    }
    #else
   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");  #endif
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");  } 
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");  
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");  
   /*************** powell ************************/
   /*
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  Minimization of a function func of n variables. Input consists of an initial starting point
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  p[1..n] ; an initial matrix xi[1..n][1..n] , whose columns contain the initial set of di-
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);  rections (usually the n unit vectors); and ftol , the fractional tolerance in the function value
       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);  such that failure to decrease by more than this amount on one iteration signals doneness. On
       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);  output, p is set to the best point found, xi is the then-current direction set, fret is the returned
     }    function value at p , and iter is the number of iterations taken. The routine linmin is used.
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");   */
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");  #else
   xp=vector(1,npar);          int *flatdir; /* Function is vanishing in that direction */
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);          int flat=0, flatd=0; /* Function is vanishing in that direction */
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  #endif
   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);              double (*func)(double [])) 
   first=1;  { 
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);                double (*func)(double [])); 
     exit(0);  #else 
   }   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,
   else{               double (*func)(double []),int *flat); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");  #endif
   }   int i,ibig,j,jk,k; 
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    double directest;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    double fp,fptt;
     exit(0);    double *xits;
   }    int niterf, itmp;
   else{  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");  #else
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");  
     flatdir=ivector(1,n); 
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) flatdir[j]=0; 
     fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");  #endif
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");  
     pt=vector(1,n); 
   }    ptt=vector(1,n); 
     xit=vector(1,n); 
      xits=vector(1,n); 
   cov[1]=1;    *fret=(*func)(p); 
   tj=cptcoveff;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    rcurr_time = time(NULL);  
   j1=0;    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
   for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){      fp=(*fret); /* From former iteration or initial value */
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){      ibig=0; 
       j1++;      del=0.0; 
            rlast_time=rcurr_time;
       if  (cptcovn>0) {      /* (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");      rcurr_time = time(NULL);  
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);      curr_time = *localtime(&rcurr_time);
         fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, rcurr_time-rlast_time, rcurr_time-rstart_time);fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret,rcurr_time-rlast_time, rcurr_time-rstart_time); fflush(ficlog);
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  /*     fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tm_sec-start_time.tm_sec); */
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
                fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
         fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");      }
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");      printf("\n#model=  1      +     age ");
              fprintf(ficlog,"\n#model=  1      +     age ");
              if(nagesqr==1){
         fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");          printf("  + age*age  ");
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);          fprintf(ficlog,"  + age*age  ");
         fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");      }
              for(j=1;j <=ncovmodel-2;j++){
         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");            if(Typevar[j]==0) {
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);          printf("  +      V%d  ",Tvar[j]);
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");              fprintf(ficlog,"  +      V%d  ",Tvar[j]);
       }        }else if(Typevar[j]==1) {
                printf("  +    V%d*age ",Tvar[j]);
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){          fprintf(ficlog,"  +    V%d*age ",Tvar[j]);
         cov[2]=age;        }else if(Typevar[j]==2) {
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {          printf("  +    V%d*V%d ",Tvard[Tposprod[j]][1],Tvard[Tposprod[j]][2]);
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];          fprintf(ficlog,"  +    V%d*V%d ",Tvard[Tposprod[j]][1],Tvard[Tposprod[j]][2]);
         }        }
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];      }
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)      printf("\n");
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  /*     printf("12   47.0114589    0.0154322   33.2424412    0.3279905    2.3731903  */
          /* 13  -21.5392400    0.1118147    1.2680506    1.2973408   -1.0663662  */
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));        for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));          if (k != i) {
                printf("%d%d ",i,k);
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);              printf("%12.7f ",p[jk]);
                        fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);              jk++; 
                      }
           k=0;            printf("\n");
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){          }
               k=k+1;        }
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];      }
             }      if(*iter <=3 && *iter >1){
           }        tml = *localtime(&rcurr_time);
                  strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tml));
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)        rforecast_time=rcurr_time; 
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        itmp = strlen(strcurr);
            if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);          strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
           k=0;        printf("\nConsidering the time needed for the last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
               k=k+1;          rforecast_time=rcurr_time+(niterf-*iter)*(rcurr_time-rlast_time);
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];          forecast_time = *localtime(&rforecast_time);
             }          strcpy(strfor,asctime(&forecast_time));
           }          itmp = strlen(strfor);
                if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)            strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];            printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
         }          fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
         }
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)      }
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { /* For each direction i */
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; /* Directions stored from previous iteration with previous scales */
                fptt=(*fret); 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  #ifdef DEBUG
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);        printf("fret=%lf, %lf, %lf \n", *fret, *fret, *fret);
                fprintf(ficlog, "fret=%lf, %lf, %lf \n", *fret, *fret, *fret);
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);  #endif
                printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout); /* print direction (parameter) i */
         k=0;        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
             k=k+1;  #else
             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func,&flat); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
           }                          flatdir[i]=flat; /* Function is vanishing in that direction i */
         }  #endif
         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)                          /* Outputs are fret(new point p) p is updated and xit rescaled */
           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { /* We are keeping the max gain on each of the n directions */
             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];                                  /* because that direction will be replaced unless the gain del is small */
                                   /* in comparison with the 'probable' gain, mu^2, with the last average direction. */
         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);                                  /* Unless the n directions are conjugate some gain in the determinant may be obtained */
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){                                  /* with the new direction. */
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));                                  del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
        fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));                                  ibig=i; 
      }*/        } 
   #ifdef DEBUG
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
                                   xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)                                  printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));                                  fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){        }
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);                                  printf(" p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
         }                                  fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
         i=0;        }
         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){        printf("\n");
           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             i=i++;  #endif
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);      } /* end loop on each direction i */
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);      /* Convergence test will use last linmin estimation (fret) and compare former iteration (fp) */ 
             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){      /* But p and xit have been updated at the end of linmin, *fret corresponds to new p, xit  */
               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);      /* New value of last point Pn is not computed, P(n-1) */
               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
             }                                  if(flatdir[j] >0){
           }                                          printf(" p(%d)=%lf flat=%d ",j,p[j],flatdir[j]);
         }/* end of loop for state */                                          fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%lf flat=%d ",j,p[j],flatdir[j]);
       } /* end of loop for age */                                  }
                                   /* printf("\n"); */
       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */                                  /* fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
       /*                          }
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");      /* if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) { /\* Did we reach enough precision? *\/ */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol) { /* Did we reach enough precision? */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");        /* We could compare with a chi^2. chisquare(0.95,ddl=1)=3.84 */
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);        /* By adding age*age in a model, the new -2LL should be lower and the difference follows a */
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);        /* a chisquare statistics with 1 degree. To be significant at the 95% level, it should have */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);        /* decreased of more than 3.84  */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);        /* By adding age*age and V1*age the gain (-2LL) should be more than 5.99 (ddl=2) */
       */        /* By using V1+V2+V3, the gain should be  7.82, compared with basic 1+age. */
         /* By adding 10 parameters more the gain should be 18.31 */
       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/                          
       first1=1;        /* Starting the program with initial values given by a former maximization will simply change */
       for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){        /* the scales of the directions and the directions, because the are reset to canonical directions */
         for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){        /* Thus the first calls to linmin will give new points and better maximizations until fp-(*fret) is */
           if(l2==k2) continue;        /* under the tolerance value. If the tolerance is very small 1.e-9, it could last long.  */
           j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;  #ifdef DEBUG
           for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){        int k[2],l;
             for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){        k[0]=1;
               if(l1==k1) continue;        k[1]=-1;
               i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
               if(i<=j) continue;        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
                 if ((int)age %5==0){          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;        }
                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;        printf("\n");
                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
                   c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
                   lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
                   lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
                   /* Eigen vectors */          }
                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
                   /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
                   v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;        }
                   v12=-v21;  #endif
                   v22=v11;  
                   tnalp=v21/v11;  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
                   if(first1==1){  #else
                     first1=0;        free_ivector(flatdir,1,n); 
                     printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);  #endif
                   }        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
                   fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
                   /*printf(fignu*/        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */        return; 
                   if(first==1){      } /* enough precision */ 
                     first=0;      if (*iter == ITMAX*n) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { /* Computes the extrapolated point P_0 + 2 (P_n-P_0) */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);        pt[j]=p[j]; 
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);      } 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);      fptt=(*func)(ptt); /* f_3 */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);  #ifdef NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  /* No change in drections until some iterations are done */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);                  if (*iter <=4) {
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\  #else
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\  #endif
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));  #ifdef POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST    /* skips test F3 <F1 */
                   }else{  #else
                     first=0;      if (fptt < fp) { /* If extrapolated point is better, decide if we keep that new direction or not */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);  #endif
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);        /* (x1 f1=fp), (x2 f2=*fret), (x3 f3=fptt), (xm fm) */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\        /* From x1 (P0) distance of x2 is at h and x3 is 2h */
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\        /* Let f"(x2) be the 2nd derivative equal everywhere.  */
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));        /* Then the parabolic through (x1,f1), (x2,f2) and (x3,f3) */
                   }/* if first */        /* will reach at f3 = fm + h^2/2 f"m  ; f" = (f1 -2f2 +f3 ) / h**2 */
                 } /* age mod 5 */        /* Conditional for using this new direction is that mu^2 = (f1-2f2+f3)^2 /2 < del or directest <0 */
               } /* end loop age */        /* also  lamda^2=(f1-f2)^2/mu² is a parasite solution of powell */
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);        /* For powell, inclusion of this average direction is only if t(del)<0 or del inbetween mu^2 and lambda^2 */
               first=1;        /* t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); */
             } /*l12 */        /*  Even if f3 <f1, directest can be negative and t >0 */
           } /* k12 */        /* mu² and del² are equal when f3=f1 */
         } /*l1 */                          /* f3 < f1 : mu² < del <= lambda^2 both test are equivalent */
       }/* k1 */                          /* f3 < f1 : mu² < lambda^2 < del then directtest is negative and powell t is positive */
     } /* loop covariates */                          /* f3 > f1 : lambda² < mu^2 < del then t is negative and directest >0  */
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);                          /* f3 > f1 : lambda² < del < mu^2 then t is positive and directest >0  */
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));  #ifdef NRCORIGINAL
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)- del*SQR(fp-fptt); /* Original Numerical Recipes in C*/
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);  #else
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del); /* Intel compiler doesn't work on one line; bug reported */
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        t= t- del*SQR(fp-fptt);
   }  #endif
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);        directest = fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt - 2.0 * del; /* If delta was big enough we change it for a new direction */
   fclose(ficresprob);  #ifdef DEBUG
   fclose(ficresprobcov);        printf("t1= %.12lf, t2= %.12lf, t=%.12lf  directest=%.12lf\n", 2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),del*SQR(fp-fptt),t,directest);
   fclose(ficresprobcor);        fprintf(ficlog,"t1= %.12lf, t2= %.12lf, t=%.12lf directest=%.12lf\n", 2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),del*SQR(fp-fptt),t,directest);
   fclose(ficgp);        printf("t3= %.12lf, t4= %.12lf, t3*= %.12lf, t4*= %.12lf\n",SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),SQR(fp-fptt),
   fclose(fichtm);               (fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del),(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt));
 }        fprintf(ficlog,"t3= %.12lf, t4= %.12lf, t3*= %.12lf, t4*= %.12lf\n",SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),SQR(fp-fptt),
                (fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del),(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt));
         printf("tt= %.12lf, t=%.12lf\n",2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*(fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt),t);
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/        fprintf(ficlog, "tt= %.12lf, t=%.12lf\n",2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*(fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt),t);
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \  #endif
                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\  #ifdef POWELLORIGINAL
                   int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\        if (t < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
                   int popforecast, int estepm ,\  #else
                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \        if (directest*t < 0.0) { /* Contradiction between both tests */
                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){                                  printf("directest= %.12lf (if <0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt,del);
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;          printf("f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/          fprintf(ficlog,"directest= %.12lf (if directest<0 or t<0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt, del);
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {          fprintf(ficlog,"f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);        } 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);        if (directest < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
   }  #endif
   #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n          printf("Before linmin in direction P%d-P0\n",n);
  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n            printf(" Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n            fprintf(ficlog," Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months):            if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
    <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \              printf("\n");
   jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);              fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             }
 fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");          }
   #endif
  m=cptcoveff;  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
   #else
  jj1=0;          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func,&flat); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){          flatdir[i]=flat; /* Function is vanishing in that direction i */
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  #endif
      jj1++;          
      if (cptcovn > 0) {  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)            printf("After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);            fprintf(ficlog,"After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");            if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
      }              printf("\n");
      /* Pij */              fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>            }
 <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);              }
      /* Quasi-incidences */  #endif
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
 <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; /* Replace direction with biggest decrease by last direction n */
        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */            xi[j][n]=xit[j];      /* and this nth direction by the by the average p_0 p_n */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  #else
        }          for (j=1, flatd=0;j<=n;j++) {
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {            if(flatdir[j]>0)
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>              flatd++;
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);          }
      }          if(flatd >0){
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and            printf("%d flat directions: ",flatd);
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>            fprintf(ficlog,"%d flat directions :",flatd);
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);            for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
    } /* end i1 */              if(flatdir[j]>0){
  }/* End k1 */                printf("%d ",j);
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");                fprintf(ficlog,"%d ",j);
               }
             }
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n            printf("\n");
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n          }
  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n  #endif
  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n          printf("Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n          fprintf(ficlog,"Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n          
  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);  #ifdef DEBUG
           printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n            printf(" %lf",xit[j]);
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);            fprintf(ficlog," %lf",xit[j]);
  else          }
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);          printf("\n");
 fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   #endif
  m=cptcoveff;        } /* end of t or directest negative */
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  #ifdef POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST
   #else
  jj1=0;        } /* end if (fptt < fp)  */
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){  #endif
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  #ifdef NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  /* No change in drections until some iterations are done */
      jj1++;      } /*NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  No change in drections until some iterations are done */
      if (cptcovn > 0) {  #else
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");  #endif
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)                  } /* loop iteration */ 
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);  } 
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");    
      }  /**** Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident    double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij, int nres)
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>    {
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);        /**< Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x and for covariate combination ij 
      }       *   (and selected quantitative values in nres)
    } /* end i1 */       *  by left multiplying the unit
  }/* End k1 */       *  matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached with precision ftolpl 
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");       * Wx= Wx-1 Px-1= Wx-2 Px-2 Px-1  = Wx-n Px-n ... Px-2 Px-1 I
 fclose(fichtm);       * Wx is row vector: population in state 1, population in state 2, population dead
 }       * or prevalence in state 1, prevalence in state 2, 0
        * newm is the matrix after multiplications, its rows are identical at a factor.
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/       * Inputs are the parameter, age, a tolerance for the prevalence limit ftolpl.
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){       * Output is prlim.
        * Initial matrix pimij 
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;       */
   int ng;    /* {0.85204250825084937, 0.13044499163996345, 0.017512500109187184, */
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    /* 0.090851990222114765, 0.88271245433047185, 0.026435555447413338, */
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);    /*
   }     * and after some iteration: */
     /* {0.45504275246439968, 0.42731458730878791, 0.11764266022681241, */
 #ifdef windows    /*  0.45201005341706885, 0.42865420071559901, 0.11933574586733192, */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
 #endif    /* And prevalence by suppressing the deaths are close to identical rows in prlim: */
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    /* {0.51571254859325999, 0.4842874514067399, */
      /*  0.51326036147820708, 0.48673963852179264} */
  /* 1eme*/    /* If we start from prlim again, prlim tends to a constant matrix */
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {      
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    int i, ii,j,k;
     double *min, *max, *meandiff, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
 #ifdef windows    /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **pmij(); /* **pmmij is a global variable feeded with oldms etc */
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    double **newm;
 #endif    double agefin, delaymax=200. ; /* 100 Max number of years to converge */
 #ifdef unix    int ncvloop=0;
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    int first=0;
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres);    
 #endif    min=vector(1,nlstate);
     max=vector(1,nlstate);
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    meandiff=vector(1,nlstate);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          /* Starting with matrix unity */
 }    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      }
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    
 }    cov[1]=1.;
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    /* Start at agefin= age, computes the matrix of passage and loops decreasing agefin until convergence is reached */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
 }        ncvloop++;
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));      newm=savm;
 #ifdef unix      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n");      cov[2]=agefin;
 #endif      if(nagesqr==1)
    }        cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
   }      for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
   /*2 eme*/                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
         cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {        /* printf("prevalim Dummy combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);      }
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);      for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
                              /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {        cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
       k=2*i;        /* printf("prevalim Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      }
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){  /* For product with age */
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");        if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
 }          } else{
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);        }
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        /* printf("prevalim Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      }
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /* For product without age */
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        /* printf("prevalim Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
 }          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][1]==0]){
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {          }else{
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqresult[nres][k];
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          }
 }          }else{
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]];
     }          }else{
   }            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]]*  Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][2]];
            }
   /*3eme*/        }
       }
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);      /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);      /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);                  /* age and covariate values of ij are in 'cov' */
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /* Bug Valgrind */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);      
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);      savm=oldm;
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");      oldm=newm;
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
 */        max[j]=0.;
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {        min[j]=1.;
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);      }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
       }        sumnew=0;
     }        for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
   }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){ 
            prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
   /* CV preval stat */          max[j]=FMAX(max[j],prlim[i][j]);
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {          min[j]=FMIN(min[j],prlim[i][j]);
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {        }
       k=3;      }
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);  
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);      maxmax=0.;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)        meandiff[j]=(max[j]-min[j])/(max[j]+min[j])*2.; /* mean difference for each column */
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,meandiff[j]);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);        /* printf(" age= %d meandiff[%d]=%f, agefin=%d max[%d]=%f min[%d]=%f maxmax=%f\n", (int)age, j, meandiff[j],(int)agefin, j, max[j], j, min[j],maxmax); */
            } /* j loop */
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;      *ncvyear= (int)age- (int)agefin;
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);      /* printf("maxmax=%lf maxmin=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, maxmin, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;        /* printf("maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%ld, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);        free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
       }        free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);          free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
     }        return prlim;
   }        }
      } /* agefin loop */
   /* proba elementaires */      /* After some age loop it doesn't converge */
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    if(!first){
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){      first=1;
       if (k != i) {      printf("Warning: the stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.d years and %d loops. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. Youngest age to start was %d=(%d-%d). Others in log file only...\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, *ncvyear, ncvloop, (int)(agefin+stepm/YEARM),  (int)(age-stepm/YEARM), (int)delaymax);
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    }
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);    fprintf(ficlog, "Warning: the stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.d years and %d loops. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. Youngest age to start was %d=(%d-%d).\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, *ncvyear, ncvloop, (int)(agefin+stepm/YEARM),  (int)(age-stepm/YEARM), (int)delaymax);
           jk++;  
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");    /* Try to lower 'ftol', for example from 1.e-8 to 6.e-9.\n", ftolpl, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, (int)age-(int)agefin); */
         }    free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
       }    free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
     }    free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
    }    
     return prlim; /* should not reach here */
    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/  }
      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {  
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng);  
        if (ng==2)   /**** Back Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");  
        else   /* double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij) */
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");   /* double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij) */
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);    double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij, int nres)
        i=1;  {
        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x and for covariate combination ij (<=2**cptcoveff) by left multiplying the unit
          k3=i;       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached with precision ftolpl */
          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {    /* Wx= Wx-1 Px-1= Wx-2 Px-2 Px-1  = Wx-n Px-n ... Px-2 Px-1 I */
            if (k != k2){    /* Wx is row vector: population in state 1, population in state 2, population dead */
              if(ng==2)    /* or prevalence in state 1, prevalence in state 2, 0 */
                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);    /* newm is the matrix after multiplications, its rows are identical at a factor */
              else    /* Initial matrix pimij */
                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);    /* {0.85204250825084937, 0.13044499163996345, 0.017512500109187184, */
              ij=1;    /* 0.090851990222114765, 0.88271245433047185, 0.026435555447413338, */
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {    /*
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);     * and after some iteration: */
                  ij++;    /* {0.45504275246439968, 0.42731458730878791, 0.11764266022681241, */
                }    /*  0.45201005341706885, 0.42865420071559901, 0.11933574586733192, */
                else    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    /* And prevalence by suppressing the deaths are close to identical rows in prlim: */
              }    /* {0.51571254859325999, 0.4842874514067399, */
              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");    /*  0.51326036147820708, 0.48673963852179264} */
                  /* If we start from prlim again, prlim tends to a constant matrix */
              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){    
                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);    int i, ii,j,k;
                ij=1;    int first=0;
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    double *min, *max, *meandiff, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {    /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **bmij();
                    ij++;    double **newm;
                  }    double         **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm;  /* for use */
                  else    double         **oldm, **savm;  /* for use */
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);  
                }    double agefin, delaymax=200. ; /* 100 Max number of years to converge */
                fprintf(ficgp,")");    int ncvloop=0;
              }    
              fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);    min=vector(1,nlstate);
              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");    max=vector(1,nlstate);
              i=i+ncovmodel;    meandiff=vector(1,nlstate);
            }  
          } /* end k */    dnewm=ddnewms; doldm=ddoldms; dsavm=ddsavms;
        } /* end k2 */    oldm=oldms; savm=savms;
      } /* end jk */    
    } /* end ng */    /* Starting with matrix unity */
    fclose(ficgp);    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
 }  /* end gnuplot */      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
 /*************** Moving average **************/    
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){    cov[1]=1.;
     
   int i, cpt, cptcod;    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)    /* Start at agefin= age, computes the matrix of passage and loops decreasing agefin until convergence is reached */
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    /* for(agefin=age+stepm/YEARM; agefin<=age+delaymax; agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /\* A changer en age *\/ */
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)    /* for(agefin=age; agefin<AGESUP; agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /\* A changer en age *\/ */
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;    for(agefin=age; agefin<FMIN(AGESUP,age+delaymax); agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /* A changer en age */
          ncvloop++;
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){      newm=savm; /* oldm should be kept from previous iteration or unity at start */
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){                  /* newm points to the allocated table savm passed by the function it can be written, savm could be reallocated */
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){      cov[2]=agefin;
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];      if(nagesqr==1)
           }        cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;      for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
         }                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
       }        cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
     }        /* printf("bprevalim Dummy agefin=%.0f combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov[%d]=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",agefin,ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
          }
 }      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) { */
       /*   /\* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; *\/ */
       /*   cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
 /************** Forecasting ******************/      /*   /\* printf("prevalim ij=%d k=%d Tvar[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])],cov[2+k], ij, k, codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]); *\/ */
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){      /* } */
        for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;                          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
   int *popage;        cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;        /* printf("prevalim Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;      }
   double ***p3mat;      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2]; */
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /\* Useless *\/ */
       /*   /\* cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][1])] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][2])]; *\/ */
  agelim=AGESUP;      /*   cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;      for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){  /* For product with age */
         if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
          } else{
            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");        }
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);        /* printf("prevalim Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {      }
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);      for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /* For product without age */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);        /* printf("prevalim Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
   }        if(Dummy[Tvard[k][1]==0]){
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
           }else{
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqresult[nres][k];
           }
   if (mobilav==1) {        }else{
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]];
   }          }else{
             cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]]*  Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][2]];
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;          }
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;        }
        }
   agelim=AGESUP;      
        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
   hstepm=1;      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);      /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
   anprojmean=yp;      /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);                  /* ij should be linked to the correct index of cov */
   mprojmean=yp;                  /* age and covariate values ij are in 'cov', but we need to pass
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);                   * ij for the observed prevalence at age and status and covariate
   jprojmean=yp;                   * number:  prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;                   */
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;      /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, ageminpar, agemaxpar, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij)); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
        /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij)); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);      out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent,ij)); /* Bug Valgrind */
        /* if((int)age == 86 || (int)age == 87){ */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){      /*   printf(" Backward prevalim age=%d agefin=%d \n", (int) age, (int) agefin); */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){      /*   for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
       k=k+1;      /*  printf("%d newm= ",i); */
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");      /*  for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {      /*    printf("%f ",newm[i][j]); */
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      /*  } */
       }      /*  printf("oldm * "); */
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");      /*  for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");      /*    printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);      /*  } */
            /*  printf(" bmmij "); */
            /*  for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {      /*    printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");      /*  } */
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);        /*  printf("\n"); */
       /*   } */
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){      /* } */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      savm=oldm;
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;      oldm=newm;
            
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        max[j]=0.;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);          min[j]=1.;
              }
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){ 
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);          /* bprlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew); */
             }          bprlim[i][j]= newm[i][j];
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {          max[i]=FMAX(max[i],bprlim[i][j]); /* Max in line */
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;          min[i]=FMIN(min[i],bprlim[i][j]);
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                      }
                 if (mobilav==1)      }
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];                  
                 else {      maxmax=0.;
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];      for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
                 }        meandiff[i]=(max[i]-min[i])/(max[i]+min[i])*2.; /* mean difference for each column */
                        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,meandiff[i]);
               }        /* printf("Back age= %d meandiff[%d]=%f, agefin=%d max[%d]=%f min[%d]=%f maxmax=%f\n", (int)age, i, meandiff[i],(int)agefin, i, max[i], i, min[i],maxmax); */
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){      } /* i loop */
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);      *ncvyear= -( (int)age- (int)agefin);
                              /* printf("Back maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
               }      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
             }        /* printf("OK Back maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
           }        free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
         }        free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
       }        return bprlim;
     }      }
   }    } /* agefin loop */
              /* After some age loop it doesn't converge */
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    if(!first){
       first=1;
   fclose(ficresf);      printf("Warning: the back stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.0f years. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. Others in log file only...\n\
 }  Oldest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvloop=%d, ncvyear=%d\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, delaymax, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, *ncvyear);
 /************** Forecasting ******************/    }
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){    fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: the back stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.0f years. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. \n\
    Oldest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvloop=%d, ncvyear=%d\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, delaymax, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, *ncvyear);
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;    /* Try to lower 'ftol', for example from 1.e-8 to 6.e-9.\n", ftolpl, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, (int)age-(int)agefin); */
   int *popage;    free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;    free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;    free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;    
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];    return bprlim; /* should not reach here */
   }
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   agelim=AGESUP;  
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
    {
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    /* According to parameters values stored in x and the covariate's values stored in cov,
         computes the probability to be observed in state j (after stepm years) being in state i by appying the
         model to the ncovmodel covariates (including constant and age).
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");       lnpijopii=ln(pij/pii)= aij+bij*age+cij*v1+dij*v2+... = sum_nc=1^ncovmodel xij(nc)*cov[nc]
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);       and, according on how parameters are entered, the position of the coefficient xij(nc) of the
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {       ncth covariate in the global vector x is given by the formula:
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);       j<i nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);       j>=i nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel
   }       Computes ln(pij/pii) (lnpijopii), deduces pij/pii by exponentiation,
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);       sums on j different of i to get 1-pii/pii, deduces pii, and then all pij.
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);       Outputs ps[i][j] or probability to be observed in j being in i according to
        the values of the covariates cov[nc] and corresponding parameter values x[nc+shiftij]
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;       Sum on j ps[i][j] should equal to 1.
     */
   if (mobilav==1) {    double s1, lnpijopii;
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    /*double t34;*/
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);    int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
   }  
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
            /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
   agelim=AGESUP;          lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
            /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
   hstepm=1;        }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
          /*        printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
   if (popforecast==1) {      }
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);          /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
     }          lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);          /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);        }
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
          }
     i=1;      }
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;    
        for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
     imx=i;      s1=0;
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];      for(j=1; j<i; j++){
   }        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
         /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){      }
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
       k=k+1;        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");        /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {      }
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
       }      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");      /* Computing other pijs */
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
              ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);      } /* end i */
            
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;        ps[ii][jj]=0;
                  ps[ii][ii]=1;
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      }
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    }
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      
            
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    /*    printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
             }    /*   } */
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    /*   printf("\n "); */
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;    /* } */
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                  /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
                 if (mobilav==1)    /*
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];      for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
                 else {                  goto end;*/
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];    return ps; /* Pointer is unchanged since its call */
                 }  }
               }  
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){  /*************** backward transition probabilities ***************/ 
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;  
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);   /* double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ***dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/  /* double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, double ***dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
               }   double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, int ij )
             }  {
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){    /* Computes the backward probability at age agefin and covariate combination ij. In fact cov is already filled and x too.
               kk1=0.;     * Call to pmij(cov and x), call to cross prevalence, sums and inverses, left multiply, and returns in **ps as well as **bmij.
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){     */
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];    int i, ii, j,k;
                 }    
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];    double **out, **pmij();
             }    double sumnew=0.;
     double agefin;
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    double k3=0.; /* constant of the w_x diagonal matrixe (in order for B to sum to 1 even for death state) */
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);    double **dnewm, **dsavm, **doldm;
           }    double **bbmij;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    
         }    doldm=ddoldms; /* global pointers */
       }    dnewm=ddnewms;
      dsavm=ddsavms;
   /******/    
     agefin=cov[2];
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {    /* Bx = Diag(w_x) P_x Diag(Sum_i w^i_x p^ij_x */
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);      /* bmij *//* age is cov[2], ij is included in cov, but we need for
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){       the observed prevalence (with this covariate ij) at beginning of transition */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    /* dsavm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  
              /* P_x */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    pmmij=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); /*This is forward probability from agefin to agefin + stepm */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    /* outputs pmmij which is a stochastic matrix in row */
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);    
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    /* Diag(w_x) */
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    /* Problem with prevacurrent which can be zero */
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    sumnew=0.;
             }    /*for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){*/
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate;ii++){ /* Only on live states */
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;      /* printf(" agefin=%d, ii=%d, ij=%d, prev=%f\n",(int)agefin,ii, ij, prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]);  */
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                    sumnew+=prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij];
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];        }
               }    if(sumnew >0.01){  /* At least some value in the prevalence */
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);      for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
             }        for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
           }          doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]/sumnew : 0.0);
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      }
         }    }else{
       }      for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
    }        for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   }        doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./nlstate : 0.0);
        }
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      /* if(sumnew <0.9){ */
       /*   printf("Problem internal bmij B: sum on i wi <0.9: j=%d, sum_i wi=%lf,agefin=%d\n",j,sumnew, (int)agefin); */
   if (popforecast==1) {      /* } */
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);    }
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);    k3=0.0;  /* We put the last diagonal to 0 */
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);    for (ii=nlstate+1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
   }        doldm[ii][ii]= k3;
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    }
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    /* End doldm, At the end doldm is diag[(w_i)] */
   fclose(ficrespop);    
 }    /* left Product of this diag matrix by pmmij=Px (dnewm=dsavm*doldm) */
     bbmij=matprod2(dnewm, doldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, pmmij); /* Bug Valgrind */
 /***********************************************/  
 /**************** Main Program *****************/    /* Diag(Sum_i w^i_x p^ij_x */
 /***********************************************/    /* w1 p11 + w2 p21 only on live states N1./N..*N11/N1. + N2./N..*N21/N2.=(N11+N21)/N..=N.1/N.. */
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])      sumnew=0.;
 {      for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate;ii++){
         /* sumnew+=dsavm[ii][j]*prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]; */
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;        sumnew+=pmmij[ii][j]*doldm[ii][ii]; /* Yes prevalence at beginning of transition */
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;      } /* sumnew is (N11+N21)/N..= N.1/N.. = sum on i of w_i pij */
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;      for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
           /* if(agefin >= agemaxpar && agefin <= agemaxpar+stepm/YEARM){ */
   double fret;          /*      dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0); */
   double **xi,tmp,delta;          /* }else if(agefin >= agemaxpar+stepm/YEARM){ */
           /*      dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0); */
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */          /* }else */
   double ***p3mat;        dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0);
   int *indx;      } /*End ii */
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];    } /* End j, At the end dsavm is diag[1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] for ALL states even if the sum is only for live states */
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];  
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;    ps=matprod2(ps, dnewm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, dsavm); /* Bug Valgrind */
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */    /* ps is now diag[w_i] * Px * diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] */
   int c,  h , cpt,l;    /* end bmij */
   int ju,jl, mi;    return ps; /*pointer is unchanged */
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;  }
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;  
   int hstepm, nhstepm;  double **bpmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;  {
     /* According to parameters values stored in x and the covariate's values stored in cov,
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;       computes the probability to be observed in state j being in state i by appying the
   double ftolpl=FTOL;       model to the ncovmodel covariates (including constant and age).
   double **prlim;       lnpijopii=ln(pij/pii)= aij+bij*age+cij*v1+dij*v2+... = sum_nc=1^ncovmodel xij(nc)*cov[nc]
   double *severity;       and, according on how parameters are entered, the position of the coefficient xij(nc) of the
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */       ncth covariate in the global vector x is given by the formula:
   double  *p;       j<i nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */       j>=i nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */       Computes ln(pij/pii) (lnpijopii), deduces pij/pii by exponentiation,
   double *delti; /* Scale */       sums on j different of i to get 1-pii/pii, deduces pii, and then all pij.
   double ***eij, ***vareij;       Outputs ps[i][j] the probability to be observed in j being in j according to
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */       the values of the covariates cov[nc] and corresponding parameter values x[nc+shiftij]
   double *epj, vepp;    */
   double kk1, kk2;    double s1, lnpijopii;
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;    /*double t34;*/
      int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
   
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j<i;j++){
         for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   char z[1]="c", occ;          /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
 #include <sys/time.h>          lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
 #include <time.h>          /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];        }
          ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
   /* long total_usecs;        /*        printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;      }
        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   getcwd(pathcd, size);          /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
           lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
   printf("\n%s",version);          /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
   if(argc <=1){        }
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
     scanf("%s",pathtot);      }
   }    }
   else{    
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
   }      s1=0;
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/      for(j=1; j<i; j++){
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/        /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/      }
       for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);        /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
   chdir(path);      }
   replace(pathc,path);      /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
       ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/      /* Computing other pijs */
       for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   /* Log file */        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
     printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);    } /* end i */
     goto end;    
   }    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);        ps[ii][jj]=0;
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");        ps[ii][ii]=1;
   fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);      }
   fflush(ficlog);    }
     /* Added for backcast */ /* Transposed matrix too */
   /* */    for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   strcpy(fileres,"r");      s1=0.;
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);      for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */        s1+=ps[ii][jj];
       }
   /*---------arguments file --------*/      for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate; ii++){
         ps[ii][jj]=ps[ii][jj]/s1;
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {      }
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);    }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);    /* Transposition */
     goto end;    for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   }      for(ii=jj; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
         s1=ps[ii][jj];
   strcpy(filereso,"o");        ps[ii][jj]=ps[jj][ii];
   strcat(filereso,fileres);        ps[jj][ii]=s1;
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {      }
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);    }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);    /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
     goto end;    /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
   }    /*    printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
     /*   } */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    /*   printf("\n "); */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    /* } */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    /*
     puts(line);      for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
     fputs(line,ficparo);      goto end;*/
   }    return ps;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  }
   
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);  
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);  
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,int nrl, int nrh, int ncl, int nch, int ncolol, int ncoloh, double **b)
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  {
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
     puts(line);       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
     fputs(line,ficparo);    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
   }       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   ungetc(c,ficpar);       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
      int i, j, k;
        for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++){
   cptcovn=0;        out[i][k]=0.;
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;        for(j=ncl; j<=nch; j++)
           out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;      }
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */    return out;
    }
   /* Read guess parameters */  
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int nres )
     puts(line);  {
     fputs(line,ficparo);    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' and combination of covariate values corresponding to ij over 
   }       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
   ungetc(c,ficpar);       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
         nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){       for the memory).
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);       included manually here. 
       if(mle==1)  
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);       */
       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);  
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    int i, j, d, h, k;
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
         if(mle==1){    double **newm;
           printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);    double agexact;
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);    double agebegin, ageend;
         }  
         else    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       }        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       if(mle==1)      }
         printf("\n");    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
     }        newm=savm;
          /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;        cov[1]=1.;
         agexact=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /* age just before transition */
   p=param[1][1];        cov[2]=agexact;
          if(nagesqr==1)
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */          cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
     puts(line);          /* printf("hpxij Dummy combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
     fputs(line,ficparo);        }
   }        for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
           cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);          /* printf("hPxij Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */        }
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){          if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);          } else{
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          }
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);          /* printf("hPxij Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);        }
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /*  */
       }          /* printf("hPxij Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");          cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
       printf("\n");        }
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++)  */
     }        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
   }        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) /\* Should start at cptcovn+1 *\/ */
   delti=delti3[1][1];        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2]; */
          /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /\* Useless because included in cptcovn *\/ */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
     puts(line);        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
     fputs(line,ficparo);                          /* right multiplication of oldm by the current matrix */
   }        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
          /* if((int)age == 70){ */
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        /*        printf(" Forward hpxij age=%d agexact=%f d=%d nhstepm=%d hstepm=%d\n", (int) age, agexact, d, nhstepm, hstepm); */
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){        /*        for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);        /*          printf("%d pmmij ",i); */
     if(mle==1)        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
       printf("%s",str);        /*            printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
     fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);        /*          } */
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);        /*          printf(" oldm "); */
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);        /*            printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
       if(mle==1){        /*          } */
         printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);        /*          printf("\n"); */
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);        /*        } */
       }        /* } */
       else        savm=oldm;
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);        oldm=newm;
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      }
     }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
     if(mle==1)          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
       printf("\n");          /*if(h==nhstepm) printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);*/
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        }
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");      /*printf("h=%d ",h);*/
   }    } /* end h */
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)    /*     printf("\n H=%d \n",h); */
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)    return po;
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];  }
      
   if(mle==1)  /************* Higher Back Matrix Product ***************/
     printf("\n");  /* double ***hbxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  double ***hbxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, int stepm, int ij, int nres )
   {
     /* For a combination of dummy covariate ij, computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/       nhstepm*hstepm matrices.
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {       for the memory).
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;       included manually here. Then we use a call to bmij(x and cov)
     }       The addresss of po (p3mat allocated to the dimension of nhstepm) should be stored for output
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);    */
      
     /*-------- data file ----------*/    int i, j, d, h, k;
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **bmij();
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;    double **newm, ***newmm;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;    double agexact;
     }    double agebegin, ageend;
     double **oldm, **savm;
     n= lastobs;  
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);    newmm=po; /* To be saved */
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    oldm=oldms;savm=savms; /* Global pointers */
     num=ivector(1,n);    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
     moisnais=vector(1,n);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
     annais=vector(1,n);      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     moisdc=vector(1,n);        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     andc=vector(1,n);        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     agedc=vector(1,n);      }
     cod=ivector(1,n);    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     weight=vector(1,n);    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);        newm=savm;
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);        cov[1]=1.;
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);            agexact=age-( (h-1)*hstepm + (d)  )*stepm/YEARM; /* age just before transition, d or d-1? */
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);        /* agexact=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /\* age just before transition *\/ */
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);        cov[2]=agexact;
         if(nagesqr==1)
     i=1;          cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++){
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
                /* /\* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; *\/ */
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);          /* printf("hbxij Dummy agexact=%.0f combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov[%d]=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",agexact,ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
           strcpy(line,stra);        }
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
         }          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
                  /* printf("hPxij Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){ /* Should start at cptcovn+1 */
           if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          } else{
             cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          }
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){          /* printf("hBxij Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        }
         }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /* Useless because included in cptcovn */
         num[i]=atol(stra);          cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
                }                 
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
   
         i=i+1;        /* Careful transposed matrix */
       }        /* age is in cov[2], prevacurrent at beginning of transition. */
     }        /* out=matprod2(newm, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij),\ */
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);        /*                                                 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); */
        scanf("%d",i);*/        out=matprod2(newm, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent,ij),\
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */                     1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
         /* if((int)age == 70){ */
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){        /*        printf(" Backward hbxij age=%d agexact=%f d=%d nhstepm=%d hstepm=%d\n", (int) age, agexact, d, nhstepm, hstepm); */
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;        /*        for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;        /*          printf("%d pmmij ",i); */
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
     }*/        /*            printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){        /*          } */
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;        /*          printf(" oldm "); */
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
          /*            printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
          /*          } */
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/        /*          printf("\n"); */
   Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */        /*        } */
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);        /* } */
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);        savm=oldm;
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);        oldm=newm;
   Tage=ivector(1,15);            }
          for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
   if (strlen(model) >1){        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
     j=nbocc(model,'+');          /* if(h==nhstepm) */
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');          /*   printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]); */
     cptcovn=j+1;        }
     cptcovprod=j1;      /* printf("h=%d %.1f ",h, agexact); */
        } /* end h */
     strcpy(modelsav,model);    /* printf("\n H=%d nhs=%d \n",h, nhstepm); */
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){    return po;
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);  }
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);  
       goto end;  
     }  #ifdef NLOPT
        double  myfunc(unsigned n, const double *p1, double *grad, void *pd){
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){    double fret;
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */    double *xt;
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyze it */    int j;
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/    myfunc_data *d2 = (myfunc_data *) pd;
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/  /* xt = (p1-1); */
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */    xt=vector(1,n); 
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/    for (j=1;j<=n;j++)   xt[j]=p1[j-1]; /* xt[1]=p1[0] */
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */  
           cptcovprod--;    fret=(d2->function)(xt); /*  p xt[1]@8 is fine */
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');    /* fret=(*func)(xt); /\*  p xt[1]@8 is fine *\/ */
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/    printf("Function = %.12lf ",fret);
           cptcovage++;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) printf(" %d %.8lf", j, xt[j]); 
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;    printf("\n");
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/   free_vector(xt,1,n);
         }    return fret;
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */  }
           cptcovprod--;  #endif
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');  
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
           cptcovage++;  double func( double *x)
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;  {
         }    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
         else {  /* Age is not in the model */    int ioffset=0;
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;    double **out;
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
           Tprod[k1]=i;    int s1, s2;
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/    int iv=0, iqv=0, itv=0, iqtv=0 ; /* Index of varying covariate, fixed quantitative cov, time varying covariate, quantitative time varying covariate */
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */    double bbh, survp;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];    long ipmx;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];    double agexact;
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)    /*extern weight */
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
           k1++;    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
           k2=k2+2;    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
         }      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
       }    */
       else { /* no more sum */  
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/    ++countcallfunc;
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/  
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');    cov[1]=1.;
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);  
       }    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);      ioffset=0;
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);    if(mle==1){
         scanf("%d",i);*/      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     } /* end of loop + */        /* Computes the values of the ncovmodel covariates of the model
   } /* end model */           depending if the covariates are fixed or varying (age dependent) and stores them in cov[]
             Then computes with function pmij which return a matrix p[i][j] giving the elementary probability
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);           to be observed in j being in i according to the model.
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);        */
   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);        ioffset=2+nagesqr ;
   scanf("%d ",i);*/     /* Fixed */
     fclose(fic);        for (k=1; k<=ncovf;k++){ /* Simple and product fixed covariates without age* products */
           cov[ioffset+TvarFind[k]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[k]]][i];/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V1 is fixed (k=6)*/
     /*  if(mle==1){*/        }
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/        /* In model V2+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2 Tvar[1] is V2, Tvar[2=V1*V4] 
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;           is 6, Tvar[3=age*V3] should not be computed because of age Tvar[4=V3*V2] 
     }           has been calculated etc */
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/        /* For an individual i, wav[i] gives the number of effective waves */
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);        /* We compute the contribution to Likelihood of each effective transition
            mw[mi][i] is real wave of the mi th effectve wave */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        /* Then statuses are computed at each begin and end of an effective wave s1=s[ mw[mi][i] ][i];
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){           And the iv th varying covariate is the cotvar[mw[mi+1][i]][iv][i]
          anint[m][i]=9999;           But if the variable is not in the model TTvar[iv] is the real variable effective in the model:
          s[m][i]=-1;           meaning that decodemodel should be used cotvar[mw[mi+1][i]][TTvar[iv]][i]
        }        */
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
       }          for(k=1; k <= ncovv ; k++){ /* Varying  covariates (single and product but no age )*/
     }            /* cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]][i]; */
             cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]-ncovcol-nqv][i];
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {          }
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             if(agedc[i]>0)            }
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];            newm=savm;
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
            else {            cov[2]=agexact;
               if (andc[i]!=9999){            if(nagesqr==1)
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;  /* Should be changed here */
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
               agev[m][i]=-1;            if(!FixedV[Tvar[Tage[kk]]])
               }              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact; /* Tage[kk] gives the data-covariate associated with age */
             }            else
           }              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[Tage[kk]]-ncovcol-nqv][i]*agexact;
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */            }
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
               agev[m][i]=1;            savm=oldm;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){            oldm=newm;
               agemin=agev[m][i];          } /* end mult */
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/          
             }          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
               agemax=agev[m][i];           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
             }           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. Then we inter(extra)polate the
           }           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
           else { /* =9 */                                   * from savm to out if bh is negative or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
             agev[m][i]=1;                                   * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
             s[m][i]=-1;                                   * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
           }                                   * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
         }                                   */
         else /*= 0 Unknown */          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           agev[m][i]=1;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
       }          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
              /* bias bh is positive if real duration
     }           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {           */
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);              /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);                 then the contribution to the likelihood is the probability to 
           goto end;               die between last step unit time and current  step unit time, 
         }               which is also equal to probability to die before dh 
       }               minus probability to die before dh-stepm . 
     }               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
                as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);               health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
  fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);               and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
                to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);               (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);               introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);               the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
     free_vector(annais,1,n);               contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);               stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/               and month of death but the probability to survive from last
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);               interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
     free_vector(andc,1,n);               probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
                Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
                   mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
     wav=ivector(1,imx);               which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);               lower mortality.
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);            */
                /* If, at the beginning of the maximization mostly, the
     /* Concatenates waves */               cumulative probability or probability to be dead is
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);               constant (ie = 1) over time d, the difference is equal to
                0.  out[s1][3] = savm[s1][3]: probability, being at state
                s1 at precedent wave, to be dead a month before current
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);               wave is equal to probability, being at state s1 at
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);               precedent wave, to be dead at mont of the current
       ncodemax[1]=1;               wave. Then the observed probability (that this person died)
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);               is null according to current estimated parameter. In fact,
                     it should be very low but not zero otherwise the log go to
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);               infinity.
    h=0;            */
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);  /* #ifdef INFINITYORIGINAL */
    /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){  /* #else */
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){  /*        if ((out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]) < mytinydouble)  */
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){  /*          lli=log(mytinydouble); */
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){  /*        else */
            h++;  /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;  /* #endif */
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
          }            
        }          } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
      }            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
    }              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);            /*survp += out[s1][j]; */
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */            lli= log(survp);
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){          }
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){          else if  (s2==-4) { 
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);            for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)  
       }              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
       printf("\n");            lli= log(survp); 
       }          } 
       scanf("%d",i);*/          else if  (s2==-5) { 
                for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)  
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */            lli= log(survp); 
           } 
              else{
                lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          } 
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
                ipmx +=1;
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]          sw += weight[i];
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */          /* if (lli < log(mytinydouble)){ */
           /*   printf("Close to inf lli = %.10lf <  %.10lf i= %d mi= %d, s[%d][i]=%d s1=%d s2=%d\n", lli,log(mytinydouble), i, mi,mw[mi][i], s[mw[mi][i]][i], s1,s2); */
     if(mle==1){          /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Close to inf lli = %.10lf i= %d mi= %d, s[mw[mi][i]][i]=%d\n", lli, i, mi,s[mw[mi][i]][i]); */
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);          /* } */
     }        } /* end of wave */
          } /* end of individual */
     /*--------- results files --------------*/    }  else if(mle==2){
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
    jk=1;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){            }
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
        if (k != i)            newm=savm;
          {            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);            cov[2]=agexact;
            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);            if(nagesqr==1)
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
              fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);            }
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
              jk++;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
            }            savm=oldm;
            printf("\n");            oldm=newm;
            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");          } /* end mult */
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");        
          }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
      }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
    }          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
    if(mle==1){          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
      /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */          ipmx +=1;
      ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */          sw += weight[i];
      hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
    }        } /* end of wave */
    fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");      } /* end of individual */
    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
        if (j!=i) {          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
          fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
          fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){            }
            printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
            fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);            newm=savm;
            fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
            jk++;            cov[2]=agexact;
          }            if(nagesqr==1)
          printf("\n");              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
          fprintf(ficres,"\n");              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
        }            }
      }            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
    }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
                savm=oldm;
    k=1;            oldm=newm;
    fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");          } /* end mult */
    if(mle==1)        
      printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
    for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
      /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
          i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;          ipmx +=1;
          fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);          sw += weight[i];
          printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
      fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);        } /* end of wave */
      if(mle==1)      } /* end of individual */
        printf("%3d",i);    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
      fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
      for(j=1; j<=i;j++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
        fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
        if(mle==1)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
          printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
        fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      }              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      fprintf(ficres,"\n");            }
      if(mle==1)          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
        printf("\n");            newm=savm;
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
      k++;            cov[2]=agexact;
    }            if(nagesqr==1)
                  cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
      ungetc(c,ficpar);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            }
      puts(line);          
      fputs(line,ficparo);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
    }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
    ungetc(c,ficpar);            savm=oldm;
    estepm=0;            oldm=newm;
    fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);          } /* end mult */
    if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;        
    if (fage <= 2) {          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
      bage = ageminpar;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
      fage = agemaxpar;          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
    }            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
              } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
    fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
    fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);              survp += out[s1][j];
    fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);            lli= log(survp);
              }else{
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
      ungetc(c,ficpar);          }
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          ipmx +=1;
      puts(line);          sw += weight[i];
      fputs(line,ficparo);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
    }  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
    ungetc(c,ficpar);        } /* end of wave */
        } /* end of individual */
    fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);    }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
    fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
    fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
            for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
      ungetc(c,ficpar);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      puts(line);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      fputs(line,ficparo);            }
    }          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
    ungetc(c,ficpar);            newm=savm;
              agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             cov[2]=agexact;
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;            if(nagesqr==1)
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
             for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);              }
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);            
              out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     ungetc(c,ficpar);            savm=oldm;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            oldm=newm;
     puts(line);          } /* end mult */
     fputs(line,ficparo);        
   }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);          ipmx +=1;
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);          sw += weight[i];
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
         } /* end of wave */
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      } /* end of individual */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    } /* End of if */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
     puts(line);    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
     fputs(line,ficparo);    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
   }    return -l;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  }
   
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);  double funcone( double *x)
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);  {
     /* Same as func but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
     int ioffset=0;
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);    double **out;
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {    double llt;
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);    int s1, s2;
   }    int iv=0, iqv=0, itv=0, iqtv=0 ; /* Index of varying covariate, fixed quantitative cov, time varying covariate, quantitative time varying covariate */
   fclose(ficgp);  
  printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);    double bbh, survp;
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/    double agexact;
     double agebegin, ageend;
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);    /*extern weight */
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   }      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
     */
   fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n    cov[1]=1.;
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n  
 \n    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n    ioffset=0;
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">      /* ioffset=2+nagesqr+cptcovage; */
  <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n      ioffset=2+nagesqr;
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n      /* Fixed */
  - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i]; */
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);      /* for (k=1; k<=ncoveff;k++){ /\* Simple and product fixed Dummy covariates without age* products *\/ */
   fclose(fichtm);      for (k=1; k<=ncovf;k++){ /* Simple and product fixed covariates without age* products */
         cov[ioffset+TvarFind[k]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[k]]][i];/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V1 is fixed (k=6)*/
  printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);  /*    cov[ioffset+TvarFind[1]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[1]]][i];  */
    /*    cov[2+6]=covar[Tvar[6]][i];  */
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/  /*    cov[2+6]=covar[2][i]; V2  */
  chdir(path);  /*    cov[TvarFind[2]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[2]]][i];  */
    /*    cov[2+7]=covar[Tvar[7]][i];  */
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);  /*    cov[2+7]=covar[7][i]; V7=V1*V2  */
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  /*    cov[TvarFind[3]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[3]]][i];  */
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    /*    cov[2+9]=covar[Tvar[9]][i];  */
  free_ivector(num,1,n);  /*    cov[2+9]=covar[1][i]; V1  */
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);      }
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/      /* for (k=1; k<=nqfveff;k++){ /\* Simple and product fixed Quantitative covariates without age* products *\/ */
  fclose(ficparo);      /*   cov[++ioffset]=coqvar[TvarFQ[k]][i];/\* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V2 and V1*V2 is fixed (k=6 and 7?)*\/ */
  fclose(ficres);      /* } */
       /* for(iqv=1; iqv <= nqfveff; iqv++){ /\* Quantitative fixed covariates *\/ */
       /*   cov[++ioffset]=coqvar[Tvar[iqv]][i]; /\* Only V2 k=6 and V1*V2 7 *\/ */
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/      /* } */
        
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");  
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  /* Varying with waves */
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {      /* Wave varying (but not age varying) */
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;        for(k=1; k <= ncovv ; k++){ /* Varying  covariates (single and product but no age )*/
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;          /* cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]][i]; */
   }          cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]-ncovcol-nqv][i];
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);        }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);        /* for(itv=1; itv <= ntveff; itv++){ /\* Varying dummy covariates (single??)*\/ */
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");        /* iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[ioffset-2-nagesqr-cptcovage+itv]]-ncovcol-nqv; /\* Counting the # varying covariate from 1 to ntveff *\/ */
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");        /* cov[ioffset+iv]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][iv][i]; */
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);        /* k=ioffset-2-nagesqr-cptcovage+itv; /\* position in simple model *\/ */
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");        /* cov[ioffset+itv]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]; */
          /* printf(" i=%d,mi=%d,itv=%d,TmodelInvind[itv]=%d,cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]=%f\n", i, mi, itv, TmodelInvind[itv],cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]); */
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        /* for(iqtv=1; iqtv <= nqtveff; iqtv++){ /\* Varying quantitatives covariates *\/ */
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        /*        iv=TmodelInvQind[iqtv]; /\* Counting the # varying covariate from 1 to ntveff *\/ */
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        /*        /\* printf(" i=%d,mi=%d,iqtv=%d,TmodelInvQind[iqtv]=%d,cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]=%f\n", i, mi, iqtv, TmodelInvQind[iqtv],cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]); *\/ */
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        /*        cov[ioffset+ntveff+iqtv]=cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]; */
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        /* } */
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   k=0;          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   agebase=ageminpar;            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   agelim=agemaxpar;            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   ftolpl=1.e-10;          }
   i1=cptcoveff;        
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}        agebegin=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]; /* Age at beginning of effective wave */
         ageend=agev[mw[mi][i]][i] + (dh[mi][i])*stepm/YEARM; /* Age at end of effective wave and at the end of transition */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){  /* Delay between two effective waves */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){        /* for(d=0; d<=0; d++){  /\* Delay between two effective waves Only one matrix to speed up*\/ */
         k=k+1;          /*dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/            and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.*/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");          newm=savm;
         printf("\n#******");          agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;  /* Here d is needed */
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");          cov[2]=agexact;
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {          if(nagesqr==1)
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            if(!FixedV[Tvar[Tage[kk]]])
         }              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");            else
         printf("******\n");              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[Tage[kk]]-ncovcol-nqv][i]*agexact;
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");          }
                  /* printf("i=%d,mi=%d,d=%d,mw[mi][i]=%d\n",i, mi,d,mw[mi][i]); */
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){          /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, */
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);          /*           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate)); */
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");          savm=oldm;
         }          oldm=newm;
       }        } /* end mult */
     }        
   fclose(ficrespl);        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/        /* if(s2==-1){ */
          /*        printf(" ERROR s1=%d, s2=%d i=%d \n", s1, s2, i); */
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);        /*        /\* exit(1); *\/ */
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {        /* } */
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;        /* bias is positive if real duration
   }         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);         */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;        } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/          for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
             survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
   agelim=AGESUP;          lli= log(survp);
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */        }else if (mle==1){
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
         } else if(mle==2){
   /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
         } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   k=0;          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
       k=k+1;        } else{  /* mle=0 back to 1 */
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)          /*lli=log(out[s1][s2]); */ /* Original formula */
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        } /* End of if */
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");        ipmx +=1;
                sw += weight[i];
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */        if(globpr){
           fprintf(ficresilk,"%09ld %6.1f %6.1f %6d %2d %2d %2d %2d %3d %15.6f %8.4f %8.3f\
           /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/   %11.6f %11.6f %11.6f ", \
                   num[i], agebegin, ageend, i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],weight[i]*gipmx/gsw,
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);                  2*weight[i]*lli,(s2==-1? -1: out[s1][s2]),(s2==-1? -1: savm[s1][s2]));
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);              llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          }
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);        }
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          } /* end of wave */
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  } /* end of individual */
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );  for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)  l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);  if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          gipmx=ipmx;
              }          gsw=sw;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  }
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");  return -l;
         }  }
     }  
   }  
   /*************** function likelione ***********/
   varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
   {
   fclose(ficrespij);    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
        the selection of individuals/waves and
        to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/       Plotting could be done.
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){     */
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);    int k;
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);  
   }    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
   else{      strcpy(fileresilk,"ILK_"); 
     erreur=108;      strcat(fileresilk,fileresu);
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
     fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
   }        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
        }
       fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) count ageb ageend s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight weight/gpw -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i ageb agend i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight %%weight 2wlli out sav ");
       /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   strcpy(filerest,"t");      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
   strcat(filerest,fileres);        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;    }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;  
   }    *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);    if(*globpri !=0){
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);      fclose(ficresilk);
       if (mle ==0)
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood computed with initial parameters and mle = %d.",mle);
   strcpy(filerese,"e");      else if(mle >=1)
   strcat(filerese,fileres);        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood computed with optimized parameters mle = %d.",mle);
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {      fprintf(fichtm," You should at least run with mle >= 1 to get starting values corresponding to the optimized parameters in order to visualize the real contribution of each individual/wave: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Equation of the model: <b>model=1+age+%s</b><br>\n",model); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);        
   }      for (k=1; k<= nlstate ; k++) {
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probability p<sub>%dj</sub> by origin %d and destination j. Dot's sizes are related to corresponding weight: <a href=\"%s-p%dj.png\">%s-p%dj.png</a><br> \
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);  <img src=\"%s-p%dj.png\">",k,k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k);
       }
   strcpy(fileresv,"v");      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- The function drawn is -2Log(L) in Log scale: by state of origin <a href=\"%s-ori.png\">%s-ori.png</a><br> \
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);  <img src=\"%s-ori.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- and by state of destination <a href=\"%s-dest.png\">%s-dest.png</a><br> \
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);  <img src=\"%s-dest.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);      fflush(fichtm);
   }    }
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);    return;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);  }
   calagedate=-1;  
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);  
   /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
   k=0;  
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  {
       k=k+1;    int i,j, iter=0;
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");    double **xi;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    double fret;
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");    /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
   
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");  #ifdef NLOPT
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    int creturn;
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    nlopt_opt opt;
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");    /* double lb[9] = { -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL }; /\* lower bounds *\/ */
     double *lb;
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");    double minf; /* the minimum objective value, upon return */
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    double * p1; /* Shifted parameters from 0 instead of 1 */
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    myfunc_data dinst, *d = &dinst;
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");  #endif
   
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);  
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
        for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
       varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0);    strcpy(filerespow,"POW_"); 
       if(popbased==1){    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased);    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
        }      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
      }
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){  #ifdef POWELL
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
         if (popbased==1) {  #endif
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];  #ifdef NLOPT
         }  #ifdef NEWUOA
            opt = nlopt_create(NLOPT_LN_NEWUOA,npar);
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);  #else
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){    opt = nlopt_create(NLOPT_LN_BOBYQA,npar);
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {  #endif
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];    lb=vector(0,npar-1);
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/    for (i=0;i<npar;i++) lb[i]= -HUGE_VAL;
           }    nlopt_set_lower_bounds(opt, lb);
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];    nlopt_set_initial_step1(opt, 0.1);
         }    
     p1= (p+1); /*  p *(p+1)@8 and p *(p1)@8 are equal p1[0]=p[1] */
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)    d->function = func;
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)    printf(" Func %.12lf \n",myfunc(npar,p1,NULL,d));
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];    nlopt_set_min_objective(opt, myfunc, d);
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));    nlopt_set_xtol_rel(opt, ftol);
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){    if ((creturn=nlopt_optimize(opt, p1, &minf)) < 0) {
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));      printf("nlopt failed! %d\n",creturn); 
         }    }
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    else {
       }      printf("found minimum after %d evaluations (NLOPT=%d)\n", countcallfunc ,NLOPT);
     }      printf("found minimum at f(%g,%g) = %0.10g\n", p[0], p[1], minf);
   }      iter=1; /* not equal */
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);    }
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);    nlopt_destroy(opt);
     free_vector(weight,1,n);  #endif
   fclose(ficreseij);    free_matrix(xi,1,npar,1,npar);
   fclose(ficresvij);    fclose(ficrespow);
   fclose(ficrest);    printf("\n#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   fclose(ficpar);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
    
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/    }
   
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);  void hesscov(double **matcov, double **hess, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {  {
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
     exit(0);    /* double **hess; */
   }    int i, j;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);    int *indx;
   
   k=0;    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    double hessij(double p[], double **hess, double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
       k=k+1;    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    double gompertz(double p[]);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    /* hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar); */
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
          fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      printf("%d-",i);fflush(stdout);
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);      fprintf(ficlog,"%d-",i);fflush(ficlog);
     }     
  }       hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
       
   fclose(ficresvpl);      /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
           printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/    }
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    
      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);        if (j>i) { 
            printf(".%d-%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
            fprintf(ficlog,".%d-%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,hess, delti,i,j,func,npar);
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);          
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
          }
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);      }
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);    }
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    printf("\n");
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
   fclose(fichtm);    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
   fclose(ficgp);    
      a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   if(erreur >0){    x=vector(1,npar);
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    indx=ivector(1,npar);
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   }else{      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
    printf("End of Imach\n");    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
    fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");  
   }    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
   printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
   fclose(ficlog);      x[j]=1;
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
        for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/      }
   /*------ End -----------*/    }
   
     printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
  end:    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
 #ifdef windows    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
 #endif        printf("%.6e ",hess[i][j]);
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        fprintf(ficlog,"%.6e ",hess[i][j]);
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/      }
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/      printf("\n");
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);    }
  strcat(plotcmd," ");  
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);    /* printf("\n#Covariance matrix#\n"); */
  system(plotcmd);    /* fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Covariance matrix#\n"); */
     /* for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  */
 #ifdef windows    /*   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  */
   while (z[0] != 'q') {    /*     printf("%.6e ",matcov[i][j]); */
     /* chdir(path); */    /*     fprintf(ficlog,"%.6e ",matcov[i][j]); */
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");    /*   } */
     scanf("%s",z);    /*   printf("\n"); */
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");    /*   fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);    /* } */
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);  
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);    /* Recompute Inverse */
   }    /* for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) */
 #endif    /*   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j]; */
 }    /* ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd); */
   
     /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n"); */
   
     /* for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { */
     /*   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0; */
     /*   x[j]=1; */
     /*   lubksb(a,npar,indx,x); */
     /*   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  */
     /*     y[i][j]=x[i]; */
     /*     printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]); */
     /*     fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]); */
     /*   } */
     /*   printf("\n"); */
     /*   fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
     /* } */
   
     /* Verifying the inverse matrix */
   #ifdef DEBUGHESS
     y=matprod2(y,hess,1,npar,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   
      printf("\n#Verification: multiplying the matrix of covariance by the Hessian matrix, should be unity:#\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Verification: multiplying the matrix of covariance by the Hessian matrix. Should be unity:#\n");
   
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         printf("%.2f ",y[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%.2f ",y[i][j]);
       }
       printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }
   #endif
   
     free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(x,1,npar);
     free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
     /* free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar); */
   
   
   }
   
   /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
   double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
   { /* Around values of x, computes the function func and returns the scales delti and hessian */
     int i;
     int l=1, lmax=20;
     double k1,k2, res, fx;
     double p2[MAXPARM+1]; /* identical to x */
     double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
     int k=0,kmax=10;
     double l1;
   
     fx=func(x);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  /* Enlarging the zone around the Maximum */
       l1=pow(10,l);
       delts=delt;
       for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
         delt = delta*(l1*k);
         p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
         k1=func(p2)-fx;   /* Might be negative if too close to the theoretical maximum */
         p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
         k2=func(p2)-fx;
         /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
         res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by 2 because L and not 2*L */
         
   #ifdef DEBUGHESSII
         printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   #endif
         /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
         if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
           k=kmax;
         }
         else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
           k=kmax; l=lmax*10;
         }
         else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
           delts=delt;
         }
       } /* End loop k */
     }
     delti[theta]=delts;
     return res; 
     
   }
   
   double hessij( double x[], double **hess, double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
   {
     int i;
     int l=1, lmax=20;
     double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
     double p2[MAXPARM+1];
     int k, kmax=1;
     double v1, v2, cv12, lc1, lc2;
   
     int firstime=0;
     
     fx=func(x);
     for (k=1; k<=kmax; k=k+10) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]*k;
       k1=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]*k;
       k2=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]*k;
       k3=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]*k;
       k4=func(p2)-fx;
       res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]/k/delti[thetaj]/k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
       if(k1*k2*k3*k4 <0.){
         firstime=1;
         kmax=kmax+10;
       }
       if(kmax >=10 || firstime ==1){
         printf("Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; you could increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; you could increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
         printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti*k=%.12e deltj*k=%.12e, xi-de*k=%.12e xj-de*k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti*k=%.12e deltj*k=%.12e, xi-de*k=%.12e xj-de*k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       }
   #ifdef DEBUGHESSIJ
       v1=hess[thetai][thetai];
       v2=hess[thetaj][thetaj];
       cv12=res;
       /* Computing eigen value of Hessian matrix */
       lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
         printf("Warning: sub Hessian matrix '%d%d' does not have positive eigen values \n",thetai,thetaj);
         fprintf(ficlog, "Warning: sub Hessian matrix '%d%d' does not have positive eigen values \n",thetai,thetaj);
         printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       }
   #endif
     }
     return res;
   }
   
       /* Not done yet: Was supposed to fix if not exactly at the maximum */
   /* double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar) */
   /* { */
   /*   int i; */
   /*   int l=1, lmax=20; */
   /*   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx; */
   /*   double p2[MAXPARM+1]; */
   /*   double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4; */
   /*   int k=0,kmax=10; */
   /*   double l1; */
     
   /*   fx=func(x); */
   /*   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  /\* Enlarging the zone around the Maximum *\/ */
   /*     l1=pow(10,l); */
   /*     delts=delt; */
   /*     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){ */
   /*       delt = delti*(l1*k); */
   /*       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i]; */
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k1=func(p2)-fx; */
         
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k2=func(p2)-fx; */
         
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k3=func(p2)-fx; */
         
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k4=func(p2)-fx; */
   /*       res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /\* Because of L not 2*L *\/ */
   /* #ifdef DEBUGHESSIJ */
   /*       printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4); */
   /*       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4); */
   /* #endif */
   /*       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)|| (k4 <khi/nkhi/2.)|| (k4 <khi/nkhi/2.)){ */
   /*      k=kmax; */
   /*       } */
   /*       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif) || (k4 >khi/nkhif) || (k4 >khi/nkhif)){ /\* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. *\/ */
   /*      k=kmax; l=lmax*10; */
   /*       } */
   /*       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){  */
   /*      delts=delt; */
   /*       } */
   /*     } /\* End loop k *\/ */
   /*   } */
   /*   delti[theta]=delts; */
   /*   return res;  */
   /* } */
   
   
   /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
   void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
   { 
     int i,imax,j,k; 
     double big,dum,sum,temp; 
     double *vv; 
    
     vv=vector(1,n); 
     *d=1.0; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       big=0.0; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
         if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
       if (big == 0.0){
         printf(" Singular Hessian matrix at row %d:\n",i);
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
           printf(" a[%d][%d]=%f,",i,j,a[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," a[%d][%d]=%f,",i,j,a[i][j]);
         }
         fflush(ficlog);
         fclose(ficlog);
         nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
       }
       vv[i]=1.0/big; 
     } 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
         sum=a[i][j]; 
         for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         a[i][j]=sum; 
       } 
       big=0.0; 
       for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
         sum=a[i][j]; 
         for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
           sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         a[i][j]=sum; 
         if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
           big=dum; 
           imax=i; 
         } 
       } 
       if (j != imax) { 
         for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
           dum=a[imax][k]; 
           a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
           a[j][k]=dum; 
         } 
         *d = -(*d); 
         vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
       } 
       indx[j]=imax; 
       if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
       if (j != n) { 
         dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
         for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
       } 
     } 
     free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
   ;
   } 
   
   void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
   { 
     int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
     double sum; 
    
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       ip=indx[i]; 
       sum=b[ip]; 
       b[ip]=b[i]; 
       if (ii) 
         for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       else if (sum) ii=i; 
       b[i]=sum; 
     } 
     for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
       sum=b[i]; 
       for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
     } 
   } 
   
   void pstamp(FILE *fichier)
   {
     fprintf(fichier,"# %s.%s\n#IMaCh version %s, %s\n#%s\n# %s", optionfilefiname,optionfilext,version,copyright, fullversion, strstart);
   }
   
   
   
   /************ Frequencies ********************/
   void  freqsummary(char fileres[], double p[], double pstart[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, \
                     int *Tvaraff, int *invalidvarcomb, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[], \
                     int firstpass,  int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[])
   {  /* Some frequencies as well as proposing some starting values */
     
     int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j, nj, nl, k, iv, jj=0, s1=1, s2=1;
     int iind=0, iage=0;
     int mi; /* Effective wave */
     int first;
     double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     double *x, *y, a=0.,b=0.,r=1., sa=0., sb=0.; /* for regression, y=b+m*x and r is the correlation coefficient */
     int no=0, linreg(int ifi, int ila, int *no, const double x[], const double y[], double* a, double* b, double* r, double* sa, double * sb);
     double *meanq, *stdq, *idq;
     double **meanqt;
     double *pp, **prop, *posprop, *pospropt;
     double pos=0., posproptt=0., pospropta=0., k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
     char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresphtm[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresphtmfr[FILENAMELENGTH];
     double agebegin, ageend;
       
     pp=vector(1,nlstate);
     prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE); 
     posprop=vector(1,nlstate); /* Counting the number of transition starting from a live state per age */ 
     pospropt=vector(1,nlstate); /* Counting the number of transition starting from a live state */ 
     /* prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); */
     meanq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
     stdq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
     idq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
     meanqt=matrix(1,lastpass,1,nqtveff);
     strcpy(fileresp,"P_");
     strcat(fileresp,fileresu);
     /*strcat(fileresphtm,fileresu);*/
     if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       exit(0);
     }
     
     strcpy(fileresphtm,subdirfext(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"));
     if((ficresphtm=fopen(fileresphtm,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with prevalence HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtm,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtm,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       exit(70); 
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficresphtm,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh PHTM_ %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n                                    \
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
               fileresphtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
     fprintf(ficresphtm,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies and prevalence by age at begin of transition and dummy covariate value at beginning of transition</h4>\n",fileresphtm, fileresphtm);
     
     strcpy(fileresphtmfr,subdirfext(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"));
     if((ficresphtmfr=fopen(fileresphtmfr,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with frequency table HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtmfr,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with frequency table HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtmfr,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       exit(70); 
     } else{
       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh PHTM_Frequency table %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n                                    \
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
               fileresphtmfr,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
     fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies of all effective transitions of the model, by age at begin of transition, and covariate value at the begin of transition (if the covariate is a varying covariate) </h4>Unknown status is -1<br/>\n",fileresphtmfr, fileresphtmfr);
     
     y= vector(iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     x= vector(iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     j1=0;
     
     /* j=ncoveff;  /\* Only fixed dummy covariates *\/ */
     j=cptcoveff;  /* Only dummy covariates of the model */
     if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     
     
     /* Detects if a combination j1 is empty: for a multinomial variable like 3 education levels:
        reference=low_education V1=0,V2=0
        med_educ                V1=1 V2=0, 
        high_educ               V1=0 V2=1
        Then V1=1 and V2=1 is a noisy combination that we want to exclude for the list 2**cptcoveff 
     */
     dateintsum=0;
     k2cpt=0;
   
     if(cptcoveff == 0 )
       nl=1;  /* Constant and age model only */
     else
       nl=2;
   
     /* if a constant only model, one pass to compute frequency tables and to write it on ficresp */
     /* Loop on nj=1 or 2 if dummy covariates j!=0
      *   Loop on j1(1 to 2**cptcoveff) covariate combination
      *     freq[s1][s2][iage] =0.
      *     Loop on iind
      *       ++freq[s1][s2][iage] weighted
      *     end iind
      *     if covariate and j!0
      *       headers Variable on one line
      *     endif cov j!=0
      *     header of frequency table by age
      *     Loop on age
      *       pp[s1]+=freq[s1][s2][iage] weighted
      *       pos+=freq[s1][s2][iage] weighted
      *       Loop on s1 initial state
      *         fprintf(ficresp
      *       end s1
      *     end age
      *     if j!=0 computes starting values
      *     end compute starting values
      *   end j1
      * end nl 
      */
     for (nj = 1; nj <= nl; nj++){   /* nj= 1 constant model, nl number of loops. */
       if(nj==1)
         j=0;  /* First pass for the constant */
       else{
         j=cptcoveff; /* Other passes for the covariate values */
       }
       first=1;
       for (j1 = 1; j1 <= (int) pow(2,j); j1++){ /* Loop on all covariates combination of the model, excluding quantitatives, V4=0, V3=0 for example, fixed or varying covariates */
         posproptt=0.;
         /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
           scanf("%d", i);*/
         for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
           for (s2=-5; s2<=nlstate+ndeath; s2++)  
             for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
               freq[i][s2][m]=0;
         
         for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  {
           for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
             prop[i][m]=0;
           posprop[i]=0;
           pospropt[i]=0;
         }
         for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) { /* zeroing for each combination j1 as well as for the total */
           idq[z1]=0.;
           meanq[z1]=0.;
           stdq[z1]=0.;
         }
         /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqtveff; z1++) { */
         /*   for(m=1;m<=lastpass;m++){ */
         /*          meanqt[m][z1]=0.; */
         /*        } */
         /* }       */
         /* dateintsum=0; */
         /* k2cpt=0; */
         
         /* For that combination of covariates j1 (V4=1 V3=0 for example), we count and print the frequencies in one pass */
         for (iind=1; iind<=imx; iind++) { /* For each individual iind */
           bool=1;
           if(j !=0){
             if(anyvaryingduminmodel==0){ /* If All fixed covariates */
               if (cptcoveff >0) { /* Filter is here: Must be looked at for model=V1+V2+V3+V4 */
                 for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) { /* loops on covariates in the model */
                   /* if(Tvaraff[z1] ==-20){ */
                   /*       /\* sumnew+=cotvar[mw[mi][iind]][z1][iind]; *\/ */
                   /* }else  if(Tvaraff[z1] ==-10){ */
                   /*       /\* sumnew+=coqvar[z1][iind]; *\/ */
                   /* }else  */
                   if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]){ /* for combination j1 of covariates */
                     /* Tests if the value of the covariate z1 for this individual iind responded to combination j1 (V4=1 V3=0) */
                     bool=0; /* bool should be equal to 1 to be selected, one covariate value failed */
                     /* printf("bool=%d i=%d, z1=%d, Tvaraff[%d]=%d, covar[Tvarff][%d]=%2f, codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, nbcode[Tvaraff][codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, j1=%d\n", 
                        bool,i,z1, z1, Tvaraff[z1],i,covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i],j1,z1,codtabm(j1,z1),
                        j1,z1,nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)],j1);*/
                     /* For j1=7 in V1+V2+V3+V4 = 0 1 1 0 and codtabm(7,3)=1 and nbcde[3][?]=1*/
                   } /* Onlyf fixed */
                 } /* end z1 */
               } /* cptcovn > 0 */
             } /* end any */
           }/* end j==0 */
           if (bool==1){ /* We selected an individual iind satisfying combination j1 (V4=1 V3=0) or all fixed covariates */
             /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){ */
             for(mi=1; mi<wav[iind];mi++){ /* For each wave */
               m=mw[mi][iind];
               if(j!=0){
                 if(anyvaryingduminmodel==1){ /* Some are varying covariates */
                   for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) {
                     if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]==1){
                       iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]]-ncovcol-nqv;
                       if (cotvar[m][iv][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) /* iv=1 to ntv, right modality. If covariate's 
                                                                                         value is -1, we don't select. It differs from the 
                                                                                         constant and age model which counts them. */
                         bool=0; /* not selected */
                     }else if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]== 0) { /* fixed */
                       if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) {
                         bool=0;
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 }/* Some are varying covariates, we tried to speed up if all fixed covariates in the model, avoiding waves loop  */
               } /* end j==0 */
               /* bool =0 we keep that guy which corresponds to the combination of dummy values */
               if(bool==1){ /*Selected */
                 /* dh[m][iind] or dh[mw[mi][iind]][iind] is the delay between two effective (mi) waves m=mw[mi][iind]
                    and mw[mi+1][iind]. dh depends on stepm. */
                 agebegin=agev[m][iind]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
                 ageend=agev[m][iind]+(dh[m][iind])*stepm/YEARM; /* Age at end of wave and transition */
                 if(m >=firstpass && m <=lastpass){
                   k2=anint[m][iind]+(mint[m][iind]/12.);
                   /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
                   if(agev[m][iind]==0) agev[m][iind]=iagemax+1;  /* All ages equal to 0 are in iagemax+1 */
                   if(agev[m][iind]==1) agev[m][iind]=iagemax+2;  /* All ages equal to 1 are in iagemax+2 */
                   if (s[m][iind]>0 && s[m][iind]<=nlstate)  /* If status at wave m is known and a live state */
                     prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind];  /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   if (m<lastpass) {
                     /* if(s[m][iind]==4 && s[m+1][iind]==4) */
                     /*   printf(" num=%ld m=%d, iind=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d\n", num[iind], m, iind,s[m][iind],s[m+1][iind], (int)agev[m][iind]); */
                     if(s[m][iind]==-1)
                       printf(" num=%ld m=%d, iind=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d agebegin=%.2f ageend=%.2f, agemed=%d\n", num[iind], m, iind,s[m][iind],s[m+1][iind], (int)agev[m][iind],agebegin, ageend, (int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.));
                     freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind]; /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                     for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) { /* Quantitative variables, calculating mean */
                       idq[z1]=idq[z1]+weight[iind];
                       meanq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind];  /* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter */
                       stdq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind]*weight[iind]; /* *weight[iind];*/  /* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter */
                     }
                     /* if((int)agev[m][iind] == 55) */
                     /*   printf("j=%d, j1=%d Age %d, iind=%d, num=%09ld m=%d\n",j,j1,(int)agev[m][iind],iind, num[iind],m); */
                     /* freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][(int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.)] += weight[iind]; */
                     freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][iagemax+3] += weight[iind]; /* Total is in iagemax+3 *//* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   }
                 } /* end if between passes */  
                 if ((agev[m][iind]>1) && (agev[m][iind]< (iagemax+3)) && (anint[m][iind]!=9999) && (mint[m][iind]!=99) && (j==0)) {
                   dateintsum=dateintsum+k2; /* on all covariates ?*/
                   k2cpt++;
                   /* printf("iind=%ld dateintmean = %lf dateintsum=%lf k2cpt=%lf k2=%lf\n",iind, dateintsum/k2cpt, dateintsum,k2cpt, k2); */
                 }
               }else{
                 bool=1;
               }/* end bool 2 */
             } /* end m */
             /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) { /\* Quantitative variables, calculating mean *\/ */
             /*   idq[z1]=idq[z1]+weight[iind]; */
             /*   meanq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind];  /\* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter *\/ */
             /*   stdq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind]*weight[iind]; /\* *weight[iind];*\/  /\* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter *\/ */
             /* } */
           } /* end bool */
         } /* end iind = 1 to imx */
         /* prop[s][age] is feeded for any initial and valid live state as well as
            freq[s1][s2][age] at single age of beginning the transition, for a combination j1 */
         
         
         /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
         if(cptcoveff==0 && nj==1) /* no covariate and first pass */
           pstamp(ficresp);
         if  (cptcoveff>0 && j!=0){
           pstamp(ficresp);
           printf( "\n#********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficlog, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
             if(!FixedV[Tvaraff[z1]]){
               printf( "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresp, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtm, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficlog, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
             }else{
               printf( "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresp, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtm, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficlog, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
             }
           }
           printf( "**********\n#");
           fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
           fprintf(ficresphtm, "**********</h3>\n");
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "**********</h3>\n");
           fprintf(ficlog, "**********\n");
         }
         /*
           Printing means of quantitative variables if any
         */
         for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) {
           fprintf(ficlog,"Mean of fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f individuals sum=%f", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1], meanq[z1]);
           fprintf(ficlog,", mean=%.3g\n",meanq[z1]/idq[z1]);
           if(weightopt==1){
             printf(" Weighted mean and standard deviation of");
             fprintf(ficlog," Weighted mean and standard deviation of");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr," Weighted mean and standard deviation of");
           }
           printf(" fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f representatives of the population : %6.3g (%6.3g)\n", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1],meanq[z1]/idq[z1], sqrt((stdq[z1]-meanq[z1]*meanq[z1]/idq[z1])/idq[z1]));
           fprintf(ficlog," fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f representatives of the population : %6.3g (%6.3g)\n", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1],meanq[z1]/idq[z1], sqrt((stdq[z1]-meanq[z1]*meanq[z1]/idq[z1])/idq[z1]));
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr," fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f representatives of the population : %6.3g (%6.3g)<p>\n", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1],meanq[z1]/idq[z1], sqrt((stdq[z1]-meanq[z1]*meanq[z1]/idq[z1])/idq[z1]));
         }
         /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqtveff; z1++) { */
         /*        for(m=1;m<=lastpass;m++){ */
         /*          fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"V quantitative id %d, pass id=%d, mean=%f<p>\n", z1, m, meanqt[m][z1]); */
         /*   } */
         /* } */
   
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
         if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) /* no covariate and first pass */
           fprintf(ficresp, " Age");
         if(nj==2) for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, " V%d=%d",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
           if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) fprintf(ficresp," Prev(%d)  N(%d)  N  ",i,i);
           fprintf(ficresphtm, "<th>Age</th><th>Prev(%d)</th><th>N(%d)</th><th>N</th>",i,i);
         }
         if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
         fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n");
         
         /* Header of frequency table by age */
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>Age</th> ");
         for(s2=-1; s2 <=nlstate+ndeath; s2++){
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
             if(s2!=0 && m!=0)
               fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>%d%d</th> ",s2,m);
           }
         }
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n");
       
         /* For each age */
         for(iage=iagemin; iage <= iagemax+3; iage++){
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr>");
           if(iage==iagemax+1){
             fprintf(ficlog,"1");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>0</th> ");
           }else if(iage==iagemax+2){
             fprintf(ficlog,"0");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Unknown</th> ");
           }else if(iage==iagemax+3){
             fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Total</th> ");
           }else{
             if(first==1){
               first=0;
               printf("See log file for details...\n");
             }
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>%d</th> ",iage);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", iage);
           }
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             for(m=-1, pp[s1]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
               pp[s1] += freq[s1][m][iage]; 
           }
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
               pos += freq[s1][m][iage];
             if(pp[s1]>=1.e-10){
               if(first==1){
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pos/pp[s1]);
               }
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pos/pp[s1]);
             }else{
               if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
             }
           }
         
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){ 
             /* posprop[s1]=0; */
             for(m=0, pp[s1]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)/* Summing on all ages */
               pp[s1] += freq[s1][m][iage];
           }       /* pp[s1] is the total number of transitions starting from state s1 and any ending status until this age */
         
           for(s1=1,pos=0, pospropta=0.; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             pos += pp[s1]; /* pos is the total number of transitions until this age */
             posprop[s1] += prop[s1][iage]; /* prop is the number of transitions from a live state
                                               from s1 at age iage prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind] */
             pospropta += prop[s1][iage]; /* prop is the number of transitions from a live state
                                             from s1 at age iage prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind] */
           }
           
           /* Writing ficresp */
           if(cptcoveff==0 && nj==1){ /* no covariate and first pass */
             if( iage <= iagemax){
               fprintf(ficresp," %d",iage);
             }
           }else if( nj==2){
             if( iage <= iagemax){
               fprintf(ficresp," %d",iage);
               for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, " %d %d",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
             }
           }
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             if(pos>=1.e-5){
               if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pp[s1]/pos);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pp[s1]/pos);
             }else{
               if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
             }
             if( iage <= iagemax){
               if(pos>=1.e-5){
                 if(cptcoveff==0 && nj==1){ /* no covariate and first pass */
                   fprintf(ficresp," %.5f %.0f %.0f",prop[s1][iage]/pospropta, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 }else if( nj==2){
                   fprintf(ficresp," %.5f %.0f %.0f",prop[s1][iage]/pospropta, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 }
                 fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",iage,prop[s1][iage]/pospropta, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 /*probs[iage][s1][j1]= pp[s1]/pos;*/
                 /*printf("\niage=%d s1=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",iage,s1,j1,pp[s1]/pos, pp[s1],pos,probs[iage][s1][j1]);*/
               } else{
                 if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) fprintf(ficresp," NaNq %.0f %.0f",prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>NaNq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",iage, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
               }
             }
             pospropt[s1] +=posprop[s1];
           } /* end loop s1 */
           /* pospropt=0.; */
           for(s1=-1; s1 <=nlstate+ndeath; s1++){
             for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
               if(freq[s1][m][iage] !=0 ) { /* minimizing output */
                 if(first==1){
                   printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,m,freq[s1][m][iage]);
                 }
                 /* printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,m,freq[s1][m][iage]); */
                 fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",s1,m,freq[s1][m][iage]);
               }
               if(s1!=0 && m!=0)
                 fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<td>%.0f</td> ",freq[s1][m][iage]);
             }
           } /* end loop s1 */
           posproptt=0.; 
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate; s1++){
             posproptt += pospropt[s1];
           }
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</tr>\n ");
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
           if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) {
             if(iage <= iagemax)
               fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
           }
           if(first==1)
             printf("Others in log...\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         } /* end loop age iage */
         
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr><th>Tot</th>");
         for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
           if(posproptt < 1.e-5){
             fprintf(ficresphtm,"<td>Nanq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",pospropt[s1],posproptt); 
           }else{
             fprintf(ficresphtm,"<td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",pospropt[s1]/posproptt,pospropt[s1],posproptt);  
           }
         }
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"</table>\n");
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
         if(posproptt < 1.e-5){
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"\n <p><b> This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced</b></p>",j1);
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"\n <p><b> This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced</b></p>",j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"#  This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced\n",j1);
           printf("#  This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced\n",j1);
           invalidvarcomb[j1]=1;
         }else{
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"\n <p> This combination (%d) is valid and result will be produced.</p>",j1);
           invalidvarcomb[j1]=0;
         }
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         if(j!=0){
           printf("#Freqsummary: Starting values for combination j1=%d:\n", j1);
           for(i=1,s1=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
             for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
               if (k != i) {
                 for(jj=1; jj <=ncovmodel; jj++){ /* For counting s1 */
                   if(jj==1){  /* Constant case (in fact cste + age) */
                     if(j1==1){ /* All dummy covariates to zero */
                       freq[i][k][iagemax+4]=freq[i][k][iagemax+3]; /* Stores case 0 0 0 */
                       freq[i][i][iagemax+4]=freq[i][i][iagemax+3]; /* Stores case 0 0 0 */
                       printf("%d%d ",i,k);
                       fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
                       printf("%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %f, OR=%f sd=%f \n",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]),freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3], sqrt(1/freq[i][k][iagemax+3]+1/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                       fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %12.7f \n",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                       pstart[s1]= log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]);
                     }
                   }else if((j1==1) && (jj==2 || nagesqr==1)){ /* age or age*age parameter without covariate V4*age (to be done later) */
                     for(iage=iagemin; iage <= iagemax+3; iage++){
                       x[iage]= (double)iage;
                       y[iage]= log(freq[i][k][iage]/freq[i][i][iage]);
                       /* printf("i=%d, k=%d, s1=%d, j1=%d, jj=%d, y[%d]=%f\n",i,k,s1,j1,jj, iage, y[iage]); */
                     }
                     /* Some are not finite, but linreg will ignore these ages */
                     no=0;
                     linreg(iagemin,iagemax,&no,x,y,&a,&b,&r, &sa, &sb ); /* y= a+b*x with standard errors */
                     pstart[s1]=b;
                     pstart[s1-1]=a;
                   }else if( j1!=1 && (j1==2 || (log(j1-1.)/log(2.)-(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))) <0.010) && ( TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]+2+nagesqr == jj)  && Dummy[jj-2-nagesqr]==0){ /* We want only if the position, jj, in model corresponds to unique covariate equal to 1 in j1 combination */ 
                     printf("j1=%d, jj=%d, (int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1=%d, TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]=%d\n",j1, jj,(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1,TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]);
                     printf("j1=%d, jj=%d, (log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1=%f, TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]=%d\n",j1, jj,(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1,TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]);
                     pstart[s1]= log((freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3])/(freq[i][k][iagemax+4]/freq[i][i][iagemax+4]));
                     printf("%d%d ",i,k);
                     fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
                     printf("s1=%d,i=%d,k=%d,p[%d]=%12.7f ln((%.0f/%.0f)/(%.0f/%.0f))= %f, OR=%f sd=%f \n",s1,i,k,s1,p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3],freq[i][k][iagemax+4],freq[i][i][iagemax+4], log((freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3])/(freq[i][k][iagemax+4]/freq[i][i][iagemax+4])),(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3])/(freq[i][k][iagemax+4]/freq[i][i][iagemax+4]), sqrt(1/freq[i][k][iagemax+3]+1/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]+1/freq[i][k][iagemax+4]+1/freq[i][i][iagemax+4]));
                   }else{ /* Other cases, like quantitative fixed or varying covariates */
                     ;
                   }
                   /* printf("%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                   /* fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                   s1++; 
                 } /* end jj */
               } /* end k!= i */
             } /* end k */
           } /* end i, s1 */
         } /* end j !=0 */
       } /* end selected combination of covariate j1 */
       if(j==0){ /* We can estimate starting values from the occurences in each case */
         printf("#Freqsummary: Starting values for the constants:\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         for(i=1,s1=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
             if (k != i) {
               printf("%d%d ",i,k);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
               for(jj=1; jj <=ncovmodel; jj++){
                 pstart[s1]=p[s1]; /* Setting pstart to p values by default */
                 if(jj==1){ /* Age has to be done */
                   pstart[s1]= log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]);
                   printf("%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %12.7f ",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                   fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %12.7f ",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                 }
                 /* printf("%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                 /* fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                 s1++; 
               }
               printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             }
           }
         } /* end of state i */
         printf("#Freqsummary\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         for(s1=-1; s1 <=nlstate+ndeath; s1++){
           for(s2=-1; s2 <=nlstate+ndeath; s2++){
             /* param[i]|j][k]= freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3] */
             printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]);
             /* if(freq[s1][s2][iage] !=0 ) { /\* minimizing output *\/ */
             /*   printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]); */
             /*   fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]); */
             /* } */
           }
         } /* end loop s1 */
         
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       } /* end j=0 */
     } /* end j */
   
     if(mle == -2){  /* We want to use these values as starting values */
       for(i=1, jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j!=i){
             /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               /*    printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
               /*    fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
               p[jk]=pstart[jk];
               printf(" %f ",pstart[jk]);
               fprintf(ficparo," %f ",pstart[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
     } /* end mle=-2 */
     dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
     
     fclose(ficresp);
     fclose(ficresphtm);
     fclose(ficresphtmfr);
     free_vector(idq,1,nqfveff);
     free_vector(meanq,1,nqfveff);
     free_vector(stdq,1,nqfveff);
     free_matrix(meanqt,1,lastpass,1,nqtveff);
     free_vector(x, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(y, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(pospropt,1,nlstate);
     free_vector(posprop,1,nlstate);
     free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
     /* End of freqsummary */
   }
   
   /* Simple linear regression */
   int linreg(int ifi, int ila, int *no, const double x[], const double y[], double* a, double* b, double* r, double* sa, double * sb) {
   
     /* y=a+bx regression */
     double   sumx = 0.0;                        /* sum of x                      */
     double   sumx2 = 0.0;                       /* sum of x**2                   */
     double   sumxy = 0.0;                       /* sum of x * y                  */
     double   sumy = 0.0;                        /* sum of y                      */
     double   sumy2 = 0.0;                       /* sum of y**2                   */
     double   sume2 = 0.0;                       /* sum of square or residuals */
     double yhat;
     
     double denom=0;
     int i;
     int ne=*no;
     
     for ( i=ifi, ne=0;i<=ila;i++) {
       if(!isfinite(x[i]) || !isfinite(y[i])){
         /* printf(" x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f\n",i,x[i],i,y[i]); */
         continue;
       }
       ne=ne+1;
       sumx  += x[i];       
       sumx2 += x[i]*x[i];  
       sumxy += x[i] * y[i];
       sumy  += y[i];      
       sumy2 += y[i]*y[i]; 
       denom = (ne * sumx2 - sumx*sumx);
       /* printf("ne=%d, i=%d,x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f sumx=%f, sumx2=%f, sumxy=%f, sumy=%f, sumy2=%f, denom=%f\n",ne,i,i,x[i],i,y[i], sumx, sumx2,sumxy, sumy, sumy2,denom); */
     } 
     
     denom = (ne * sumx2 - sumx*sumx);
     if (denom == 0) {
       // vertical, slope m is infinity
       *b = INFINITY;
       *a = 0;
       if (r) *r = 0;
       return 1;
     }
     
     *b = (ne * sumxy  -  sumx * sumy) / denom;
     *a = (sumy * sumx2  -  sumx * sumxy) / denom;
     if (r!=NULL) {
       *r = (sumxy - sumx * sumy / ne) /          /* compute correlation coeff     */
         sqrt((sumx2 - sumx*sumx/ne) *
              (sumy2 - sumy*sumy/ne));
     }
     *no=ne;
     for ( i=ifi, ne=0;i<=ila;i++) {
       if(!isfinite(x[i]) || !isfinite(y[i])){
         /* printf(" x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f\n",i,x[i],i,y[i]); */
         continue;
       }
       ne=ne+1;
       yhat = y[i] - *a -*b* x[i];
       sume2  += yhat * yhat ;       
       
       denom = (ne * sumx2 - sumx*sumx);
       /* printf("ne=%d, i=%d,x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f sumx=%f, sumx2=%f, sumxy=%f, sumy=%f, sumy2=%f, denom=%f\n",ne,i,i,x[i],i,y[i], sumx, sumx2,sumxy, sumy, sumy2,denom); */
     } 
     *sb = sqrt(sume2/(double)(ne-2)/(sumx2 - sumx * sumx /(double)ne));
     *sa= *sb * sqrt(sumx2/ne);
     
     return 0; 
   }
   
   /************ Prevalence ********************/
   void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
   {  
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
    
     int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j, iv;
     int mi; /* Effective wave */
     int iage;
     double agebegin, ageend;
   
     double **prop;
     double posprop; 
     double  y2; /* in fractional years */
     int iagemin, iagemax;
     int first; /** to stop verbosity which is redirected to log file */
   
     iagemin= (int) agemin;
     iagemax= (int) agemax;
     /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
     prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE); 
     /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
     j1=0;
     
     /*j=cptcoveff;*/
     if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     
     first=0;
     for(j1=1; j1<= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);j1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
         for(iage=iagemin-AGEMARGE; iage <= iagemax+4+AGEMARGE; iage++)
           prop[i][iage]=0.0;
       printf("Prevalence combination of varying and fixed dummies %d\n",j1);
       /* fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j1],nbcode[Tvaraff[j1]][codtabm(k,j1)]); */
       fprintf(ficlog,"Prevalence combination of varying and fixed dummies %d\n",j1);
       
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
         bool=1;
         /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/\* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*\/ */
         for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){ /* For this wave too look where individual can be counted V4=0 V3=0 */
           m=mw[mi][i];
           /* Tmodelind[z1]=k is the position of the varying covariate in the model, but which # within 1 to ntv? */
           /* Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]] is the n of Vn; n-ncovcol-nqv is the first time varying covariate or iv */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
             if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]==1){
               iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]]-ncovcol-nqv;
               if (cotvar[m][iv][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) /* iv=1 to ntv, right modality */
                 bool=0;
             }else if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]== 0)  /* fixed */
               if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) {
                 bool=0;
               }
           }
           if(bool==1){ /* Otherwise we skip that wave/person */
             agebegin=agev[m][i]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
             /* ageend=agev[m][i]+(dh[m][i])*stepm/YEARM; /\* Age at end of wave and transition *\/ */
             if(m >=firstpass && m <=lastpass){
               y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
               if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
                 if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
                 if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
                 if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin-AGEMARGE || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+4+AGEMARGE){
                   printf("Error on individual # %d agev[m][i]=%f <%d-%d or > %d+3+%d  m=%d; either change agemin or agemax or fix data\n",i, agev[m][i],iagemin,AGEMARGE, iagemax,AGEMARGE,m); 
                   exit(1);
                 }
                 if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
                   /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
                   prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];/* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
                 } /* end valid statuses */ 
               } /* end selection of dates */
             } /* end selection of waves */
           } /* end bool */
         } /* end wave */
       } /* end individual */
       for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
         for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
           posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
         } 
         
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){       
           if( i <=  iagemax){ 
             if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
               probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
             } else{
               if(!first){
                 first=1;
                 printf("Warning Observed prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases\nSee others in log file...\n",jk,i,jk, j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
               }else{
                 fprintf(ficlog,"Warning Observed prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases.\n",jk,i,jk, j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
               }
             }
           } 
         }/* end jk */ 
       }/* end i */ 
        /*} *//* end i1 */
     } /* end j1 */
     
     /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
     /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
     free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
   }  /* End of prevalence */
   
   /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   
   void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
   {
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
        Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
        dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
        and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     */
   
     int i=0, mi=0, m=0, mli=0;
     /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
        double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
     int first=0, firstwo=0, firsthree=0, firstfour=0, firstfiv=0;
     int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
     double sum=0.;
     first=0;
     firstwo=0;
     firsthree=0;
     firstfour=0;
     jmin=100000;
     jmax=-1;
     jmean=0.;
   
   /* Treating live states */
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  /* For simple cases and if state is death */
       mi=0;  /* First valid wave */
       mli=0; /* Last valid wave */
       m=firstpass;
       while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){  /* a live state */
         if(m >firstpass && s[m][i]==s[m-1][i] && mint[m][i]==mint[m-1][i] && anint[m][i]==anint[m-1][i]){/* Two succesive identical information on wave m */
           mli=m-1;/* mw[++mi][i]=m-1; */
         }else if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){ /* Since 0.98r4 if status=-2 vital status is really unknown, wave should be skipped */
           mw[++mi][i]=m;
           mli=m;
         } /* else might be a useless wave  -1 and mi is not incremented and mw[mi] not updated */
         if(m < lastpass){ /* m < lastpass, standard case */
           m++; /* mi gives the "effective" current wave, m the current wave, go to next wave by incrementing m */
         }
         else{ /* m >= lastpass, eventual special issue with warning */
   #ifdef UNKNOWNSTATUSNOTCONTRIBUTING
           break;
   #else
           if(s[m][i]==-1 && (int) andc[i] == 9999 && (int)anint[m][i] != 9999){
             if(firsthree == 0){
               printf("Information! Unknown status for individual %ld line=%d occurred at last wave %d at known date %d/%d. Please, check if your unknown date of death %d/%d means a live state %d at wave %d. This case(%d)/wave(%d) contributes to the likelihood as 1-p%d%d .\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], s[m][i], m, i, m, s[m][i], nlstate+ndeath);
               firsthree=1;
             }
             fprintf(ficlog,"Information! Unknown status for individual %ld line=%d occurred at last wave %d at known date %d/%d. Please, check if your unknown date of death %d/%d means a live state %d at wave %d. This case(%d)/wave(%d) contributes to the likelihood as 1-p%d%d .\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], s[m][i], m, i, m, s[m][i], nlstate+ndeath);
             mw[++mi][i]=m;
             mli=m;
           }
           if(s[m][i]==-2){ /* Vital status is really unknown */
             nbwarn++;
             if((int)anint[m][i] == 9999){  /*  Has the vital status really been verified? */
               printf("Warning! Vital status for individual %ld (line=%d) at last wave %d interviewed at date %d/%d is unknown %d. Please, check if the vital status and the date of death %d/%d are really unknown. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], i, m);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Vital status for individual %ld (line=%d) at last wave %d interviewed at date %d/%d is unknown %d. Please, check if the vital status and the date of death %d/%d are really unknown. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], i, m);
             }
             break;
           }
           break;
   #endif
         }/* End m >= lastpass */
       }/* end while */
   
       /* mi is the last effective wave, m is lastpass, mw[j][i] gives the # of j-th effective wave for individual i */
       /* After last pass */
   /* Treating death states */
       if (s[m][i] > nlstate){  /* In a death state */
         /* if( mint[m][i]==mdc[m][i] && anint[m][i]==andc[m][i]){ /\* same date of death and date of interview *\/ */
         /* } */
         mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
         /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
         /* Only death is a correct wave */
         mw[mi][i]=m;
       } /* else not in a death state */
   #ifndef DISPATCHINGKNOWNDEATHAFTERLASTWAVE
       else if ((int) andc[i] != 9999) {  /* Date of death is known */
         if ((int)anint[m][i]!= 9999) { /* date of last interview is known */
           if((andc[i]+moisdc[i]/12.) <=(anint[m][i]+mint[m][i]/12.)){ /* death occured before last wave and status should have been death instead of -1 */
             nbwarn++;
             if(firstfiv==0){
               printf("Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d before last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d and should have been coded as death instead of '%d'. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is contributing to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], i,m );
               firstfiv=1;
             }else{
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d before last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d and should have been coded as death instead of '%d'. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is contributing to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], i,m );
             }
           }else{ /* Death occured afer last wave potential bias */
             nberr++;
             if(firstwo==0){
               printf("Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d after last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood. Please add a new fictive wave at the date of last vital status scan, with a dead status or alive but unknown state status (-1). See documentation\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
               firstwo=1;
             }
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d after last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood. Please add a new fictive wave at the date of last vital status scan, with a dead status or alive but unknown state status (-1). See documentation\n\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
           }
         }else{ /* if date of interview is unknown */
           /* death is known but not confirmed by death status at any wave */
           if(firstfour==0){
             printf("Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred %d/%d but not confirmed by any death status for any wave, including last wave %d at unknown date %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
             firstfour=1;
           }
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred %d/%d but not confirmed by any death status for any wave, including last wave %d at unknown date %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
         }
       } /* end if date of death is known */
   #endif
       wav[i]=mi; /* mi should be the last effective wave (or mli) */
       /* wav[i]=mw[mi][i]; */
       if(mi==0){
         nbwarn++;
         if(first==0){
           printf("Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
           first=1;
         }
         if(first==1){
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
         }
       } /* end mi==0 */
     } /* End individuals */
     /* wav and mw are no more changed */
           
     
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
         if (stepm <=0)
           dh[mi][i]=1;
         else{
           if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death, but what if date is unknown? */
             if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
               j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
               if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
               else if(j<0){
                 nberr++;
                 printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                 j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
                 printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
               }
               k=k+1;
               if (j >= jmax){
                 jmax=j;
                 ijmax=i;
               }
               if (j <= jmin){
                 jmin=j;
                 ijmin=i;
               }
               sum=sum+j;
               /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
               /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
             }
           }
           else{
             j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
   /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
                                           
             k=k+1;
             if (j >= jmax) {
               jmax=j;
               ijmax=i;
             }
             else if (j <= jmin){
               jmin=j;
               ijmin=i;
             }
             /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
             /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
             if(j<0){
               nberr++;
               printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
             }
             sum=sum+j;
           }
           jk= j/stepm;
           jl= j -jk*stepm;
           ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
           if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
             if(jl==0){
               dh[mi][i]=jk;
               bh[mi][i]=0;
             }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
                     * to avoid the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
               dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
               bh[mi][i]=ju;
             }
           }else{
             if(jl <= -ju){
               dh[mi][i]=jk;
               bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
                                    * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
                                    */
             }
             else{
               dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
               bh[mi][i]=ju;
             }
             if(dh[mi][i]==0){
               dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
               bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
               /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
             }
           } /* end if mle */
         }
       } /* end wave */
     }
     jmean=sum/k;
     printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, num[ijmin], jmax, num[ijmax], jmean);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %d) Max=%d (%d) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, ijmin, jmax, ijmax, jmean);
   }
   
   /*********** Tricode ****************************/
    void tricode(int *cptcov, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx, int *Ndum)
    {
      /**< Uses cptcovn+2*cptcovprod as the number of covariates */
      /*     Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  find 'n' in Vn and stores in Tvar. If model=V2+V1 Tvar[1]=2 and Tvar[2]=1 
       * Boring subroutine which should only output nbcode[Tvar[j]][k]
       * Tvar[5] in V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is 4 (V4) even it is a time varying or quantitative variable
       * nbcode[Tvar[5]][1]= nbcode[4][1]=0, nbcode[4][2]=1 (usually);
       */
   
      int ij=1, k=0, j=0, i=0, maxncov=NCOVMAX;
      int modmaxcovj=0; /* Modality max of covariates j */
      int cptcode=0; /* Modality max of covariates j */
      int modmincovj=0; /* Modality min of covariates j */
   
   
      /* cptcoveff=0;  */
      /* *cptcov=0; */
    
      for (k=1; k <= maxncov; k++) ncodemax[k]=0; /* Horrible constant again replaced by NCOVMAX */
      for (k=1; k <= maxncov; k++)
        for(j=1; j<=2; j++)
          nbcode[k][j]=0; /* Valgrind */
   
      /* Loop on covariates without age and products and no quantitative variable */
      for (k=1; k<=cptcovt; k++) { /* From model V1 + V2*age + V3 + V3*V4 keeps V1 + V3 = 2 only */
        for (j=-1; (j < maxncov); j++) Ndum[j]=0;
        if(Dummy[k]==0 && Typevar[k] !=1){ /* Dummy covariate and not age product */ 
          switch(Fixed[k]) {
          case 0: /* Testing on fixed dummy covariate, simple or product of fixed */
            for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Loop on individuals: reads the data file to get the maximum value of the  modality of this covariate Vj*/
              ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[k]][i]);
              /* ij=0 or 1 or -1. Value of the covariate Tvar[j] for individual i
               * If product of Vn*Vm, still boolean *:
               * If it was coded 1, 2, 3, 4 should be splitted into 3 boolean variables
               * 1 => 0 0 0, 2 => 0 0 1, 3 => 0 1 1, 4=1 0 0   */
              /* Finds for covariate j, n=Tvar[j] of Vn . ij is the
                 modality of the nth covariate of individual i. */
              if (ij > modmaxcovj)
                modmaxcovj=ij; 
              else if (ij < modmincovj) 
                modmincovj=ij; 
              if (ij <0 || ij >1 ){
                printf("Information, IMaCh doesn't treat covariate with missing values (-1), individual %d will be skipped.\n",i);
                fprintf(ficlog,"Information, currently IMaCh doesn't treat covariate with missing values (-1), individual %d will be skipped.\n",i);
              }
              if ((ij < -1) || (ij > NCOVMAX)){
                printf( "Error: minimal is less than -1 or maximal is bigger than %d. Exiting. \n", NCOVMAX );
                exit(1);
              }else
                Ndum[ij]++; /*counts and stores the occurence of this modality 0, 1, -1*/
              /*  If coded 1, 2, 3 , counts the number of 1 Ndum[1], number of 2, Ndum[2], etc */
              /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
              /* getting the maximum value of the modality of the covariate
                 (should be 0 or 1 now) Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is coded 0 and
                 female ies 1, then modmaxcovj=1.
              */
            } /* end for loop on individuals i */
            printf(" Minimal and maximal values of %d th (fixed) covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", k, Tvar[k], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
            fprintf(ficlog," Minimal and maximal values of %d th (fixed) covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", k, Tvar[k], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
            cptcode=modmaxcovj;
            /* Ndum[0] = frequency of 0 for model-covariate j, Ndum[1] frequency of 1 etc. */
            /*for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {*/
            for (j=modmincovj;  j<=modmaxcovj; j++) { /* j=-1 ? 0 and 1*//* For each value j of the modality of model-cov k */
              printf("Frequencies of (fixed) covariate %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", k, Tvar[k], j, Ndum[j]);
              fprintf(ficlog, "Frequencies of (fixed) covariate %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", k, Tvar[k], j, Ndum[j]);
              if( Ndum[j] != 0 ){ /* Counts if nobody answered modality j ie empty modality, we skip it and reorder */
                if( j != -1){
                  ncodemax[k]++;  /* ncodemax[k]= Number of modalities of the k th
                                     covariate for which somebody answered excluding 
                                     undefined. Usually 2: 0 and 1. */
                }
                ncodemaxwundef[k]++; /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the k th
                                        covariate for which somebody answered including 
                                        undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
              }    /* In fact  ncodemax[k]=2 (dichotom. variables only) but it could be more for
                    * historical reasons: 3 if coded 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Ndum[2]=0 */
            } /* Ndum[-1] number of undefined modalities */
                           
            /* j is a covariate, n=Tvar[j] of Vn; Fills nbcode */
            /* For covariate j, modalities could be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. */
            /* If Ndum[1]=0, Ndum[2]=0, Ndum[3]= 635, Ndum[4]=0, Ndum[5]=0, Ndum[6]=27, Ndum[7]=125; */
            /* modmincovj=3; modmaxcovj = 7; */
            /* There are only 3 modalities non empty 3, 6, 7 (or 2 if 27 is too few) : ncodemax[j]=3; */
            /* which will be coded 0, 1, 2 which in binary on 2=3-1 digits are 0=00 1=01, 2=10; */
            /*              defining two dummy variables: variables V1_1 and V1_2.*/
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; */
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][1]=0; */
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][2]=1; */
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][3]=2; */
            /* To be continued (not working yet). */
            ij=0; /* ij is similar to i but can jump over null modalities */
   
            /* for (i=modmincovj; i<=modmaxcovj; i++) { */ /* i= 1 to 2 for dichotomous, or from 1 to 3 or from -1 or 0 to 1 currently*/
            /* Skipping the case of missing values by reducing nbcode to 0 and 1 and not -1, 0, 1 */
            /* model=V1+V2+V3, if V2=-1, 0 or 1, then nbcode[2][1]=0 and nbcode[2][2]=1 instead of
             * nbcode[2][1]=-1, nbcode[2][2]=0 and nbcode[2][3]=1 */
            /*, could be restored in the future */
            for (i=0; i<=1; i++) { /* i= 1 to 2 for dichotomous, or from 1 to 3 or from -1 or 0 to 1 currently*/
              if (Ndum[i] == 0) { /* If nobody responded to this modality k */
                break;
              }
              ij++;
              nbcode[Tvar[k]][ij]=i;  /* stores the original value of modality i in an array nbcode, ij modality from 1 to last non-nul modality. nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1 . Could be -1*/
              cptcode = ij; /* New max modality for covar j */
            } /* end of loop on modality i=-1 to 1 or more */
            break;
          case 1: /* Testing on varying covariate, could be simple and
                   * should look at waves or product of fixed *
                   * varying. No time to test -1, assuming 0 and 1 only */
            ij=0;
            for(i=0; i<=1;i++){
              nbcode[Tvar[k]][++ij]=i;
            }
            break;
          default:
            break;
          } /* end switch */
        } /* end dummy test */
      } /* end of loop on model-covariate k. nbcode[Tvark][1]=-1, nbcode[Tvark][1]=0 and nbcode[Tvark][2]=1 sets the value of covariate k*/  
     
      for (k=-1; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0; 
      /* Look at fixed dummy (single or product) covariates to check empty modalities */
      for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2-nagesqr; i++) { /* -2, cste and age and eventually age*age */ 
        /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/ 
        ij=Tvar[i]; /* Tvar 5,4,3,6,5,7,1,4 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V4*age */ 
        Ndum[ij]++; /* Count the # of 1, 2 etc: {1,1,1,2,2,1,1} because V1 once, V2 once, two V4 and V5 in above */
        /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1,  {2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0} */
      } /* V4+V3+V5, Ndum[1]@5={0, 0, 1, 1, 1} */
     
      ij=0;
      /* for (i=0; i<=  maxncov-1; i++) { /\* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) *\/ */
      for (k=1; k<=  cptcovt; k++) { /* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) */
        /*printf("Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
        /* if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){  /\* Tvar[i] <= ncovmodel ? *\/ */
        if(Ndum[Tvar[k]]!=0 && Dummy[k] == 0 && Typevar[k]==0){  /* Only Dummy and non empty in the model */
          /* If product not in single variable we don't print results */
          /*printf("diff Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
          ++ij;/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, */
          Tvaraff[ij]=Tvar[k]; /* For printing combination *//* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, Tvar {5, 4, 3, 6, 5, 2, 7, 1, 1} Tvaraff={4, 3, 1} V4, V3, V1*/
          Tmodelind[ij]=k; /* Tmodelind: index in model of dummies Tmodelind[1]=2 V4: pos=2; V3: pos=3, V1=9 {2, 3, 9, ?, ?,} */
          TmodelInvind[ij]=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv; /* Inverse TmodelInvind[2=V4]=2 second dummy varying cov (V4)4-1-1 {0, 2, 1, } TmodelInvind[3]=1 */
          if(Fixed[k]!=0)
            anyvaryingduminmodel=1;
          /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv)){ */
          /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=-10; /\* Dont'n know how to treat quantitative variables yet *\/ */
          /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv+ntv)){ */
          /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=i; /\*For printing (unclear) *\/ */
          /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv)){ */
          /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=-20; /\* Dont'n know how to treat quantitative variables yet *\/ */
        } 
      } /* Tvaraff[1]@5 {3, 4, -20, 0, 0} Very strange */
      /* ij--; */
      /* cptcoveff=ij; /\*Number of total covariates*\/ */
      *cptcov=ij; /*Number of total real effective covariates: effective
                   * because they can be excluded from the model and real
                   * if in the model but excluded because missing values, but how to get k from ij?*/
      for(j=ij+1; j<= cptcovt; j++){
        Tvaraff[j]=0;
        Tmodelind[j]=0;
      }
      for(j=ntveff+1; j<= cptcovt; j++){
        TmodelInvind[j]=0;
      }
      /* To be sorted */
      ;
    }
   
   
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   
    void evsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,char strstart[], int nres )
   
   {
     /* Health expectancies, no variances */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
     double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3mat;
     double eip;
   
     /* pstamp(ficreseij); */
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age and (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age\n");
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d%1d ",i,j);
       }
       fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason which relies in memory size consideration
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
   /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
       /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
   
       /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepma,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij, nres);  
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
       
       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Computing expectancies */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
             
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   
           }
   
       fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip +=eij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eij[i][j][(int)age] );
         }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eip );
       }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
       
     }
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     
   }
   
    void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov,char strstart[], int nres )
   
   {
     /* Covariances of health expectancies eij and of total life expectancies according
        to initial status i, ei. .
     */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2, ij, ji;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
     double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3matp, ***p3matm, ***varhe;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp, *xm;
     double **gp, **gm;
     double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
     int theta;
   
     double eip, vip;
   
     varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     xm=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     
     pstamp(ficresstdeij);
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Health expectancies with standard errors\n");
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d%1d (SE)",i,j);
       fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
   
     pstamp(ficrescveij);
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Subdiagonal matrix of covariances of health expectancies by age: cov(eij,ekl)\n");
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
         for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
           for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
             cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
             if(cptj2 <= cptj)
               fprintf(ficrescveij,"  %1d%1d,%1d%1d",i,j,i2,j2);
           }
       }
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* If stepm=6 months */
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     agelim=AGESUP;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); 
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     
     p3matp=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     p3matm=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
       /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
                   
       /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
                   
       /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
       /* Gradient is computed with plus gp and minus gm. Code is duplicated in order to
          decrease memory allocation */
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
           xm[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         hpxij(p3matp,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij, nres);  
         hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xm,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij, nres);  
                           
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
             for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
               gp[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matp[i][j][h]+p3matp[i][j][h+1])/2.;
               gm[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             }
           }
         }
                           
         for(ij=1; ij<= nlstate*nlstate; ij++)
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             gradg[h][theta][ij]= (gp[h][ij]-gm[h][ij])/2./delti[theta];
           }
       }/* End theta */
       
       
       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
             trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
       
                   
       for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
         for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
           varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] =0.;
                   
       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
         for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
           for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
             for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
               varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] += doldm[ij][ji]*hf*hf;
         }
       }
                   
       /* Computing expectancies */
       hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij,nres);  
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
                                           
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
                                           
           }
   
       /* Standard deviation of expectancies ij */         
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0.;
         vip=0.;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip += eij[i][j][(int)age];
           for(k=1; k<=nlstate;k++) /* Sum on j and k of cov(eij,eik) */
             vip += varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(k-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(j-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age]) );
         }
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eip, sqrt(vip));
       }
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
                   
       /* Variance of expectancies ij */           
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
           for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
             for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
               cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
               if(cptj2 <= cptj)
                 fprintf(ficrescveij," %.4f", varhe[cptj][cptj2][(int)age]);
             }
         }
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
                   
     }
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_ma3x(p3matm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     free_ma3x(p3matp,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           
     free_vector(xm,1,npar);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
   }
    
   /************ Variance ******************/
    void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[], int nres)
    {
      /** Variance of health expectancies 
       *  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);
       * double **newm;
       * int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav) 
       */
     
      /* int movingaverage(); */
      double **dnewm,**doldm;
      double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
      int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
      int first=0;
      int k;
      double *xp;
      double **gp, **gm;  /**< for var eij */
      double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /**< for var eij */
      double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /**< for var p point j */
      double *gpp, *gmp; /**< for var p point j */
      double **varppt; /**< for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
      double ***p3mat;
      double age,agelim, hf;
      /* double ***mobaverage; */
      int theta;
      char digit[4];
      char digitp[25];
   
      char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
      if(popbased==1){
        if(mobilav!=0)
          strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-MOBILAV_");
        else strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-NOMOBIL_");
      }
      else 
        strcpy(digitp,"-STABLBASED_");
   
      /* if (mobilav!=0) { */
      /*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
      /*   if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ */
      /*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); */
      /*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); */
      /*   } */
      /* } */
   
      strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"PRMORPREV-"); 
      sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
      /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
      }
      printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      pstamp(ficresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Selected quantitative variables and dummies");
      for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
      }
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(ij,j)]);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
      }  
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title \n");
      /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   
      varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      pstamp(ficresvij);
      fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
      if(popbased==1)
        fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
      else
        fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
      fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
          fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e.%1d, e.%1d)",i,j);
      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   
      xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
      doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
      doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
      gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     
      if(estepm < stepm){
        printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
      }
      else  hstepm=estepm;   
      /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
      /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
         nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
         nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelim. 
         Look at function hpijx to understand why because of memory size limitations, 
         we decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
         survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
         means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
         you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
         results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
      */
      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
      agelim = AGESUP;
      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
        nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
        nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
        gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
                   
                   
        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
            xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          }
          /**< Computes the prevalence limit with parameter theta shifted of delta up to ftolpl precision and 
           * returns into prlim .
           */
          prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij, nres);
   
          /* If popbased = 1 we use crossection prevalences. Previous step is useless but prlim is created */
          if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
          }
          /**< Computes the shifted transition matrix \f$ {}{h}_p^{ij}_x\f$ at horizon h.
           */                      
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij,nres);  /* Returns p3mat[i][j][h] for h=0 to nhstepm */
          /**< And for each alive state j, sums over i \f$ w^i_x {}{h}_p^{ij}_x\f$, which are the probability
           * at horizon h in state j including mortality.
           */
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
            }
          }
          /* Next for computing shifted+ probability of death (h=1 means
             computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
             as a weighted average of prlim(i) * p(i,j) p.3=w1*p13 + w2*p23 .
          */
          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
              gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
          }
          
          /* Again with minus shift */
                           
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
            xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   
          prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp, ij, nres);
                           
          if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
          }
                           
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij,nres);  
                           
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  /* Sum of wi * eij = e.j */
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
            }
          }
          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
             computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
             as a weighted average of prlim.
          */
          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
              gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
          }    
          /* end shifting computations */
   
          /**< Computing gradient matrix at horizon h 
           */
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
            }
          /**< Gradient of overall mortality p.3 (or p.j) 
           */
          for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu mortality from j */
            gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
          }
                           
        } /* End theta */
        
        /* We got the gradient matrix for each theta and state j */                
        trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
                   
        for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
                   
        for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
            trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
        /**< as well as its transposed matrix 
         */                
                   
        hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
            vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   
        /* Computing trgradg by matcov by gradg at age and summing over h
         * and k (nhstepm) formula 15 of article
         * Lievre-Brouard-Heathcote
         */
        
        for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
          for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
            matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
            matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
            for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
              for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
                vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
          }
        }
                   
        /* pptj is p.3 or p.j = trgradgp by cov by gradgp, variance of
         * p.j overall mortality formula 49 but computed directly because
         * we compute the grad (wix pijx) instead of grad (pijx),even if
         * wix is independent of theta.
         */
        matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
        matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
          for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
            varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
        /* end ppptj */
        /*  x centered again */
                   
        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij, nres);
                   
        if (popbased==1) {
          if(mobilav ==0){
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
          }
        }
                   
        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
           computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
           as a weighted average of prlim.
        */
        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij, nres);  
        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
        }    
        /* end probability of death */
                   
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
        for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
          }
        } 
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
                   
        fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
            fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
          }
        fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
        free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
        free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
      } /* End age */
      free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
      /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter png small size 320, 240"); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter svg size 640, 480");
      /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l lt 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95%% interval\" w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
      /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
       */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.svg\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";replot;set out;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
   
      free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
      free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
      free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      /* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
      fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
      fflush(ficgp);
      fflush(fichtm); 
    }  /* end varevsij */
   
   /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
    void varprevlim(char fileresvpl[], FILE *ficresvpl, double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, char strstart[], int nres)
   {
     /* Variance of prevalence limit  for each state ij using current parameters x[] and estimates of neighbourhood give by delti*/
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   
     double **dnewmpar,**doldm;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double **mgm, **mgp;
     double age,agelim;
     int theta;
     
     pstamp(ficresvpl);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of period (forward stable) prevalences \n");
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age ");
     if(nresult >=1)
       fprintf(ficresvpl," Result# ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewmpar=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     
     hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
       gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgp=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgm=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ) */
         /*        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres); */
         /* else */
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
           mgp[theta][i] = prlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ) */
         /*        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres); */
         /* else */
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
           mgm[theta][i] = prlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
         /* gradg[theta][2]= -gradg[theta][1]; */ /* For testing if nlstate=2 */
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\nmgm mgp %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf(" %d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf(" %d %lf %lf",theta,mgm[theta][j],mgp[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\n gradg %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf("%d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf("%d %lf ",theta,gradg[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
   
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80  ||(int)age== 81){
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }else{
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
       if(nresult >=1)
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"%d ",nres );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
         /* for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++) */
         /*        fprintf(ficresvpl," %d %.5f ",j,prlim[j][i]); */
       }
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
       free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgp,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
   }
   
   
   /************ Variance of backprevalence limit ******************/
    void varbrevlim(char fileresvbl[], FILE  *ficresvbl, double **varbpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **bprlim, double ftolpl, int mobilavproj, int *ncvyearp, int ij, char strstart[], int nres)
   {
     /* Variance of backward prevalence limit  for each state ij using current parameters x[] and estimates of neighbourhood give by delti*/
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   
     double **dnewmpar,**doldm;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double **mgm, **mgp;
     double age,agelim;
     int theta;
     
     pstamp(ficresvbl);
     fprintf(ficresvbl,"# Standard deviation of back (stable) prevalences \n");
     fprintf(ficresvbl,"# Age ");
     if(nresult >=1)
       fprintf(ficresvbl," Result# ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvbl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresvbl,"\n");
   
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewmpar=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     
     hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGEINF;
     for (age=fage; age>=bage; age --){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((age-agelim)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
       gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgp=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgm=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         if(mobilavproj > 0 )
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         else
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gp[i] = bprlim[i][i];
           mgp[theta][i] = bprlim[i][i];
         }
        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          if(mobilavproj > 0 )
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
          else
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gm[i] = bprlim[i][i];
           mgm[theta][i] = bprlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
         /* gradg[theta][2]= -gradg[theta][1]; */ /* For testing if nlstate=2 */
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\nmgm mgp %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf(" %d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf(" %d %lf %lf",theta,mgm[theta][j],mgp[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\n gradg %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf("%d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf("%d %lf ",theta,gradg[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
   
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varbpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80  ||(int)age== 81){
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }else{
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varbpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   
       fprintf(ficresvbl,"%.0f ",age );
       if(nresult >=1)
         fprintf(ficresvbl,"%d ",nres );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvbl," %.5f (%.5f)",bprlim[i][i],sqrt(varbpl[i][(int)age]));
       fprintf(ficresvbl,"\n");
       free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgp,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
   }
   
   /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
    {
      int i, j=0,  k1, l1, tj;
      int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
      int k=0, l;
      int first=1, first1, first2;
      double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
      double **dnewm,**doldm;
      double *xp;
      double *gp, *gm;
      double **gradg, **trgradg;
      double **mu;
      double age, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
      double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
      int theta;
      char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
      char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
      char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
      double ***varpij;
   
      strcpy(fileresprob,"PROB_"); 
      strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
      if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
      }
      strcpy(fileresprobcov,"PROBCOV_"); 
      strcat(fileresprobcov,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
      }
      strcpy(fileresprobcor,"PROBCOR_"); 
      strcat(fileresprobcor,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
      }
      printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
      printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
      printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
      fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
      pstamp(ficresprob);
      fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
      fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
      pstamp(ficresprobcov);
      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
      pstamp(ficresprobcor);
      fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
      fprintf(ficresprobcor,"# Age");
   
   
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
          fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
        }  
      /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
      */
      xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
      doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
      mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
      varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
      first=1;
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4> this page is important in order to visualize confidence intervals and especially correlation between disability and recovery, or more generally, way in and way back. File %s</li>\n",optionfilehtmcov,optionfilehtmcov);
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n",optionfilehtmcov, optionfilehtmcov);
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated \
   and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
    They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
   It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
   would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
   standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
    Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
    and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
   To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
   
      cov[1]=1;
      /* tj=cptcoveff; */
      tj = (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
      j1=0;
      for(j1=1; j1<=tj;j1++){  /* For each valid combination of covariates or only once*/
        if  (cptcovn>0) {
          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
                           
          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
                           
                           
          fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
                           
          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
          if(invalidvarcomb[j1]){
            fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",j1); 
            fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h3>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h3>\n",j1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
        gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
          cov[2]=age;
          if(nagesqr==1)
            cov[3]= age*age;
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
            cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,k)];
            /*cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,Tvar[k])];*//* j1 1 2 3 4
                                                                       * 1  1 1 1 1
                                                                       * 2  2 1 1 1
                                                                       * 3  1 2 1 1
                                                                       */
            /* nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1;*/
          }
          /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
                           
                           
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
                                   
            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
                                   
            k=0;
            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                k=k+1;
                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
              }
            }
                                   
            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
                                   
            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
            k=0;
            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                k=k+1;
                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
              }
            }
                                   
            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
          }
   
          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
                           
          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
                           
          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
                           
          k=0;
          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
              k=k+1;
              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
            }
          }
          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
                           
          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
            }*/
                           
          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
                           
          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
          }
          i=0;
          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
              i++;
              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
                /* printf(" k=%d l=%d i=%d j=%d\n",k,l,i,j);fflush(stdout); */
                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
              }
            }
          }/* end of loop for state */
        } /* end of loop for age */
        free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
        free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
       
        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
        /*
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
        */
                   
        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
        first1=1;first2=2;
        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
            if(l2==k2) continue;
            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                if(l1==k1) continue;
                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
                if(i<=j) continue;
                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
                  if ((int)age %5==0){
                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                    if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
                      if(first2==1){
                        first1=0;
                        printf("Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS. See log file for details...\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);
                      }
                      fprintf(ficlog,"Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS.\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);fflush(ficlog);
                      /* lc1=fabs(lc1); */ /* If we want to have them positive */
                      /* lc2=fabs(lc2); */
                    }
                                                                   
                    /* Eigen vectors */
                    if(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12 <1.e-5){
                      printf(" Error sqrt of a negative number: %lf\n",1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12);
                      fprintf(ficlog," Error sqrt of a negative number: %lf\n",1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12);
                      v11=(1./sqrt(fabs(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12)));
                    }else
                      v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
                    v12=-v21;
                    v22=v11;
                    tnalp=v21/v11;
                    if(first1==1){
                      first1=0;
                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                    }
                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                    /*printf(fignu*/
                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
                    if(first==1){
                      first=0;
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Ellipsoids of confidence\n#\n");
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480");
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<p><br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
    :<a href=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\">                                                                                                                                           \
   %s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,      \
                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",      \
                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(fabs(lc1)),v12,sqrt(fabs(lc2)), \
                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(fabs(lc1)),v22,sqrt(fabs(lc2))); /* For gnuplot only */
                    }else{
                      first=0;
                      fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not", \
                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(fabs(lc2)),   \
                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(fabs(lc2)));
                    }/* if first */
                  } /* age mod 5 */
                } /* end loop age */
                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\";replot;set out;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                first=1;
              } /*l12 */
            } /* k12 */
          } /*l1 */
        }/* k1 */
      }  /* loop on combination of covariates j1 */
      free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
      free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
      free_matrix(dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
      free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      fclose(ficresprob);
      fclose(ficresprobcov);
      fclose(ficresprobcor);
      fflush(ficgp);
      fflush(fichtmcov);
    }
   
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtml(char fileresu[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
                     int popforecast, int mobilav, int prevfcast, int mobilavproj, int backcast, int estepm , \
                     double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, double dateprev1, double dateproj1, double dateback1, \
                     double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2, double dateprev2, double dateproj2, double dateback2){
     int jj1, k1, i1, cpt, k4, nres;
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><a href='#firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a>\n \
      <li><a href='#secondorder'>Result files (second order (variance)</a>\n \
   </ul>");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li> model=1+age+%s\n \
   </ul>", model);
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4><a name='firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a></h4>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<li>- Observed frequency between two states (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (html file)<br/>\n",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"),subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"<li> - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (html file) ",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"),subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"));
      fprintf(fichtm,",  <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (text file) <br>\n",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated back transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Period (forward) prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PL_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Backward prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age, e<sub>i.</sub> (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age, e<sub>ij</sub> . If one or more covariates are included, specific tables for each value of the covariate are output in sequences within the same file (estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"));
      if(prevfcast==1){
        fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Prevalence projections by age and states:                            \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>", subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"));
      }
   
   
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
      fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
      jj1=0;
   
      fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul>");
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
        if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><a  size=\"1\" color=\"#EC5E5E\" href=\"#rescov");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%d_",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%f_",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"\">");
          
          /* if(nqfveff+nqtveff 0) */ /* Test to be done */
          fprintf(fichtm,"************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
          }
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm," Warning Combination (%d) ignored because no cases ",k1); 
            continue;
          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"</a></li>");
        } /* cptcovn >0 */
      }
        fprintf(fichtm," \n</ul>");
   
      jj1=0;
   
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
        if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
   
        /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<p><a name=\"rescov");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%d_",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%f_",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"\"</a>");
    
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
            printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],Tresult[nres][cpt]);fflush(stdout);
            /* fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]); */
            /* printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]);fflush(stdout); */
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);fflush(stdout);
         }
          
          /* if(nqfveff+nqtveff 0) */ /* Test to be done */
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h3>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h3>\n",k1); 
            printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        /* aij, bij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Logit model (yours is: logit(pij)=log(pij/pii)= aij+ bij age+%s) as a function of age: <a href=\"%s_%d-1-%d.svg\">%s_%d-1-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-1-%d.svg\">",model,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres);
        /* Pij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- P<sub>ij</sub> or conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: <a href=\"%s_%d-2-%d.svg\">%s_%d-2-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-2-%d.svg\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres);     
        /* Quasi-incidences */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- I<sub>ij</sub> or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
    before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too, \
    incidence (rates) are the limit when h tends to zero of the ratio of the probability  <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub> \
   divided by h: <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub>/h : <a href=\"%s_%d-3-%d.svg\">%s_%d-3-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-3-%d.svg\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres); 
        /* Survival functions (period) in state j */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Survival functions in state %d. Or probability to survive in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        /* State specific survival functions (period) */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Survival functions from state %d in each live state and total.\
    Or probability to survive in various states (1 to %d) being in state %d at different ages.     \
    <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, nlstate, cpt, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        /* Period (forward stable) prevalence in each health state */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to period (stable) prevalence in state %d. Or probability for a person being in state (1 to %d) at different ages, to be in state %d some years after. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, nlstate, cpt, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        if(backcast==1){
          /* Backward prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to mixed (stable) back prevalence in state %d. Or probability for a person to be in state %d at a younger age, knowing that she/he was in state (1 to %d) at different older ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
          }
        }
        if(prevfcast==1){
          /* Projection of prevalence up to period (forward stable) prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Projection of cross-sectional prevalence (estimated with cases observed from %.1f to %.1f and mobil_average=%d), from year %.1f up to year %.1f tending to period (stable) forward prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in an observed weighted state (from 1 to %d). <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, dateproj1, dateproj2, cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
          }
        }
        if(backcast==1){
         /* Back projection of prevalence up to stable (mixed) back-prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Back projection of cross-sectional prevalence (estimated with cases observed from %.1f to %.1f and mobil_average=%d), \
    from year %.1f up to year %.1f (probably close to stable [mixed] back prevalence in state %d (randomness in cross-sectional prevalence is not taken into \
    account but can visually be appreciated). Or probability to have been in an state %d, knowing that the person was in either state (1 or %d) \
   with weights corresponding to observed prevalence at different ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
    <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, dateback1, dateback2, cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
          }
        }
            
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Life expectancy by health state (%d) at initial age and its decomposition into health expectancies in each alive state (1 to %d) (or area under each survival functions): <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a> <br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">",cpt,nlstate,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
      }/* End k1 */
      fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
   \n<br><li><h4> <a name='secondorder'>Result files (second order: variances)</a></h4>\n\
    - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br> \
    - 95%% confidence intervals and Wald tests of the estimated parameters are in the log file if optimization has been done (mle != 0).<br> \
   But because parameters are usually highly correlated (a higher incidence of disability \
   and a higher incidence of recovery can give very close observed transition) it might \
   be very useful to look not only at linear confidence intervals estimated from the \
   variances but at the covariance matrix. And instead of looking at the estimated coefficients \
   (parameters) of the logistic regression, it might be more meaningful to visualize the \
   covariance matrix of the one-step probabilities. \
   See page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' below. \n", rfileres,rfileres);
   
      fprintf(fichtm," - Standard deviation of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"));
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age and <b>initial health status</b> (cov(e<sup>ij</sup>,e<sup>kl</sup>)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"CVE_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"CVE_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Health expectancies by health status at initial age (e<sup>ij</sup>) and standard errors (in parentheses) (b) life expectancies and standard errors (e<sup>i.</sup>=e<sup>i1</sup>+e<sup>i2</sup>+...)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"STDE_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"STDE_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age. Status (i) based health expectancies (in state j), e<sup>ij</sup> are weighted by the forward (period) prevalences in each state i (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
              estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Total life expectancy and total health expectancies to be spent in each health state e<sup>.j</sup> with their standard errors (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Standard deviation of forward (period) prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
              subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"));
   
   /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   /*  else  */
   /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
      fflush(fichtm);
      fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
      jj1=0;
   
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
        if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
        /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)  /**< cptcoveff number of variables */
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],Tresult[nres][cpt]);
            /* fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]); */
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
   
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
   
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h4>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h4>\n",k1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Observed (cross-sectional with mov_average=%d) and period (incidence based) \
   prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\"> %s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a>\n <br>\
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">",mobilav,cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres);  
        }
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
   health expectancies in states (1) and (2). If popbased=1 the smooth (due to the model) \
   true period expectancies (those weighted with period prevalences are also\
    drawn in addition to the population based expectancies computed using\
    observed and cahotic prevalences:  <a href=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d.svg</a>\n<br>\
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres);
        /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
      }/* End k1 */
     }/* End nres */
      fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
      fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplot(char fileresu[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double bage, double fage , int prevfcast, int backcast, char pathc[], double p[], int offyear, int offbyear){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     char gplotcondition[132], gplotlabel[132];
     int cpt=0,k1=0,i=0,k=0,j=0,jk=0,k2=0,k3=0,k4=0,ij=0, ijp=0, l=0;
     int lv=0, vlv=0, kl=0;
     int ng=0;
     int vpopbased;
     int ioffset; /* variable offset for columns */
     int iyearc=1; /* variable column for year of projection  */
     int iagec=1; /* variable column for age of projection  */
     int nres=0; /* Index of resultline */
     int istart=1; /* For starting graphs in projections */
   
   /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
     /*#endif */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   
     /* diagram of the model */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Diagram of the model \n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\ndelta=0.03;delta2=0.07;unset arrow;\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"yoff=(%d > 2? 0:1);\n",nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Peripheral arrows\nset for [i=1:%d] for [j=1:%d] arrow i*10+j from cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d))-(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0), yoff +sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) rto -0.95*(cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d))+(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) - cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(j-1)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta2:0)), -0.95*(sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) - sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(j-1)*2./%d))+( i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta2:0)) ls (i < j? 1:2)\n",nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate);
   
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Centripete arrows (turning in other direction (1-i) instead of (i-1)) \nset for [i=1:%d] arrow (%d+1)*10+i from cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d))-(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0), yoff +sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) rto -0.80*(cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d))+(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0)  ), -0.80*(sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) + yoff ) ls 4\n",nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#show arrow\nunset label\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#States labels, starting from 2 (2-i) instead of (1-i), was (i-1)\nset for [i=1:%d] label i sprintf(\"State %%d\",i) center at cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(2-i)*2./%d)), yoff+sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(2-i)*2./%d)) font \"helvetica, 16\" tc rgbcolor \"blue\"\n",nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label %d+1 sprintf(\"State %%d\",%d+1) center at 0.,0.  font \"helvetica, 16\" tc rgbcolor \"red\"\n",nlstate,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#show label\nunset border;unset xtics; unset ytics;\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n\nset ter svg size 640, 480;set out \"%s_.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"unset log y; plot [-1.2:1.2][yoff-1.2:1.2] 1/0 not; set out;reset;\n");
   
     /* Contribution to likelihood */
     /* Plot the probability implied in the likelihood */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Contributions to the Likelihood, mle >=1. For mle=4 no interpolation, pure matrix products.\n#\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Likelihood (-2Log(L))\";");
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480"); */ /* Too big for svg */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter pngcairo size 640, 480");
   /* nice for mle=4 plot by number of matrix products.
      replot  "rrtest1/toto.txt" u 2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with point lc 1 */
   /* replot exp(p1+p2*x)/(1+exp(p1+p2*x)+exp(p3+p4*x)+exp(p5+p6*x)) t "p12(x)"  */
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-dest.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):6 t \"All sample, transitions colored by destination\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-ori.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):5 t \"All sample, transitions colored by origin\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-p%dj.png\";set ylabel \"Probability for each individual/wave\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),i);
       fprintf(ficgp,"unset log;\n# plot weighted, mean weight should have point size of 0.5\n plot  \"%s\"",subdirf(fileresilk));
       fprintf(ficgp,"  u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable \\\n",i,1,i,1);
       for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++) {
         fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n \"\" u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable ",i,j,i,j);
       }
       fprintf(ficgp,";\nset out; unset ylabel;\n"); 
     }
     /* unset log; plot  "rrtest1_sorted_4/ILK_rrtest1_sorted_4.txt" u  2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with points lc variable */                
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$11):3 t \"All sample, all transitions\" with dots lc variable",subdirf(fileresilk)); */
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot  \"%s\" u 2:($3 <= 3 ? -$11 : 1/0):3 t \"First 3 individuals\" with line lc variable", subdirf(fileresilk)); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;unset log\n");
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\"; replot; set out; # bug gnuplot",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     /* 1eme*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++){ /* For each live state */
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){ /* For each valid combination of covariate */
         for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
           /* plot [100000000000000000000:-100000000000000000000] "mysbiaspar/vplrmysbiaspar.txt to check */
           if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
             continue;
           /* We are interested in selected combination by the resultline */
           /* printf("\n# 1st: Period (stable) prevalence with CI: 'VPL_' files and live state =%d ", cpt); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 1st: Forward (stable period) prevalence with CI: 'VPL_' files  and live state =%d ", cpt);
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate k get corresponding value lv for combination k1 */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the value of the covariate corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* vlv is the value of the covariate lv, 0 or 1 */
             /* For each combination of covariate k1 (V1=1, V3=0), we printed the current covariate k and its value vlv */
             /* printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv); */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             /* printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]); */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           /* printf("\n#\n"); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             /*k1=k1-1;*/ /* To be checked */
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"V_%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1,nres);
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"set title \"Alive state %d %s\" font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter svg size 640, 480\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3:1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter svg size 640, 480\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3:1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1,nres); */
         /* k1-1 error should be nres-1*/
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else        fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Forward prevalence\" w l lt 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3+1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           } 
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95%% CI\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3-1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres); 
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           }  
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence\" w l lt 2",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1)); */
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" u 1:((",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"));
           if(cptcoveff ==0){
             fprintf(ficgp,"$%d)) t 'Observed prevalence in state %d' with line lt 3",      2+3*(cpt-1),  cpt );
           }else{
             kl=0;
             for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each combination of covariate  */
               lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
               /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
               /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
               /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
               vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
               kl++;
               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
               if(k==cptcoveff){
                 fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d)? $%d : 1/0) t 'Observed prevalence in state %d' w l lt 2",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv], \
                         2+cptcoveff*2+3*(cpt-1),  cpt );  /* 4 or 6 ?*/
               }else{
                 fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d && ",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                 kl++;
               }
             } /* end covariate */
           } /* end if no covariate */
   
           if(backcast==1){ /* We need to get the corresponding values of the covariates involved in this combination k1 */
             /* fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Backward stable prevalence\" w l lt 3",subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"),k1-1,k1-1,1+cpt); */
             fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u 1:((",subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_")); /* Age is in 1, nres in 2 to be fixed */
             if(cptcoveff ==0){
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d)) t 'Backward prevalence in state %d' with line lt 3",    2+(cpt-1),  cpt );
             }else{
               kl=0;
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each combination of covariate  */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
                 kl++;
                 /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
                 /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
                 /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
                 /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
                 if(k==cptcoveff){
                   fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d)? $%d : 1/0) t 'Backward prevalence in state %d' w l lt 3",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv], \
                           2+cptcoveff*2+(cpt-1),  cpt );  /* 4 or 6 ?*/
                 }else{
                   fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d && ",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                   kl++;
                 }
               } /* end covariate */
             } /* end if no covariate */
             if(backcast == 1){
               fprintf(ficgp,", \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3:1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VBL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
               /* k1-1 error should be nres-1*/
               for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
                 if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
                 else        fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
               }
               fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Backward (stable) prevalence\" w l lt 6 dt 3,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3+1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VBL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
               for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
                 if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
                 else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
               } 
               fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95%% CI\" w l lt 4,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3-1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VBL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres); 
               for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
                 if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
                 else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
               } 
               fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 4");
             } /* end if backprojcast */
           } /* end if backcast */
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out ;unset label;\n"); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out ;unset title;\n");
         } /* nres */
       } /* k1 */
     } /* cpt */
   
     
     /*2 eme*/
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){  
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 2nd: Total life expectancy with CI: 't' files ");
         strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         /* for(k=1; k <= ncovds; k++){ */
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
           fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
           continue;
         }
                           
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres);
         for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"popbased %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",vpopbased,gplotlabel);
           if(vpopbased==0){
             fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter svg size 640, 480\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
           }else
             fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot ");
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
             k=2*i;
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ?$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),nres-1,nres-1, vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l lt %d, \\\n",i);
             else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l lt %d, \\\n",i-1,i+1);
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ? $4-$5*2 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),nres-1,nres-1,vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0,");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ? $4+$5*2 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),nres-1,nres-1,vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0");
             else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0,\\\n");
           } /* state */
         } /* vpopbased */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;set out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\"; replot; set out; unset label;\n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres); /* Buggy gnuplot */
       } /* end nres */
     } /* k1 end 2 eme*/
           
           
     /*3eme*/
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n\n# 3d: Life expectancy with EXP_ files:  combination=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
                           
           /*       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2); */
           k=2+(nlstate+1)*(cpt-1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"%s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set ter svg size 640, 480\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),nres-1,nres-1,k,cpt);
           /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
             for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
             fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
             for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
                                   
           */
           for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
             fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),nres-1,nres-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);
             /*    fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);*/
                                   
           } 
           fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d.\" w l",subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),nres-1,nres-1,k+nlstate,cpt);
         }
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset label;\n");
       } /* end nres */
     } /* end kl 3eme */
     
     /* 4eme */
     /* Survival functions (period) from state i in state j by initial state i */
     for (k1=1; k1<=m; k1++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state cpt*/
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n# Survival functions in state j : 'LIJ_' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability to be alive\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3;
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){
             if(i==1){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             }
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1;
             fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l);
             for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++)
               fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1);
             fprintf(ficgp,")) t \"l(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end nres */
     } /* end covariate k1 */  
   
   /* 5eme */
     /* Survival functions (period) from state i in state j by final state j */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1++){ /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each inital state  */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n# Survival functions in state j and all livestates from state i by final state j: 'lij' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability to be alive\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3;
           for (j=1; j<= nlstate ; j ++){ /* Lived in state j */
             if(j==1)
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1) +j;
             fprintf(ficgp," u (($1==%d && (floor($2)%%5 == 0)) ? ($3):1/0):($%d",k1,k+l);
             /* for (i=2; i<= nlstate+ndeath ; i ++) */
             /*   fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+i-1); */
             fprintf(ficgp,") t \"l(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,j);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
           fprintf(ficgp," u (($1==%d && (floor($2)%%5 == 0)) ? ($3):1/0):(",k1);
           for (j=1; j<= nlstate ; j ++){ /* Lived in state j */
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1) +j;
             if(j < nlstate)
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d +",k+l);
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d) t\"l(%d,.)\" w l",k+l,cpt);
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end covariate */  
     } /* end nres */
     
   /* 6eme */
     /* CV preval stable (period) for each covariate */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
         continue;
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state of arrival */
         strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV preval stable (forward): 'pij' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         } 
         strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
           fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
           continue;
         }
         
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
         k=3; /* Offset */
         for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){ /* State of origin */
           if(i==1)
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
           else
             fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
           l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1; /* 1, 1+ nlstate+ndeath, 1+2*(nlstate+ndeath) */
           fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l);
           for (j=2; j<= nlstate ; j ++)
             fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1);
           fprintf(ficgp,")) t \"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
         } /* nlstate */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
       } /* end cpt state*/ 
     } /* end covariate */  
     
     
   /* 7eme */
     if(backcast == 1){
       /* CV backward prevalence  for each covariate */
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life origin state */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV Backward stable prevalence: 'pijb' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Origin alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3; /* Offset */
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){ /* State of arrival */
             if(i==1)
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"));
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             /* l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1; */
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1)+1; /* fixed for i; cpt=1 1, cpt=2 1+ nlstate+ndeath, 1+2*(nlstate+ndeath) */
             /* fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l); /\* a vérifier *\/ */
             /* fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l+(cpt-1)+i-1); /\* a vérifier *\/ */
             fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d",k1,k+l+i-1); /* To be verified */
             /* for (j=2; j<= nlstate ; j ++) */
             /*    fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1); */
             /*    /\* fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1); *\/ */
             fprintf(ficgp,") t \"bprev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,i);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end covariate */  
     } /* End if backcast */
     
     /* 8eme */
     if(prevfcast==1){
       /* Projection from cross-sectional to forward stable (period) prevalence for each covariate */
       
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#Projection of prevalence to forward stable prevalence (period): 'PROJ_' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each correspondig covariate value  */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"# hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev\n ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Prevalence\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
   
           /* for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /\* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 *\/ */
           istart=nlstate+1; /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           /*istart=1;*/ /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           for (i=istart; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 */
             /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1       2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             if(i==istart){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
             }
             if(cptcoveff ==0){ /* No covariate */
               ioffset=2; /* Age is in 2 */
               /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#   1       2   3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               /*# V1  = 1 yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#  1    2        3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(", ioffset); 
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)):1 t 'pw.%d' with line lc variable ",        \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
                 fprintf(ficgp," (($1-$2) == %d ) ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):1 with labels center not ", \
                        offyear,                           \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate );
               }else
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'p%d%d' with line ",      \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
             }else{ /* more than 2 covariates */
               ioffset=2*cptcoveff+2; /* Age is in 4 or 6 or etc.*/
               /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
               /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */
               iyearc=ioffset-1;
               iagec=ioffset;
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
               kl=0;
               strcpy(gplotcondition,"(");
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate writing the chain of conditions */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to combination k1 and covariate k */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* Value of the modality of Tvaraff[k] */
                 kl++;
                 sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),"$%d==%d && $%d==%d " ,kl,Tvaraff[k], kl+1, nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                 kl++;
                 if(k <cptcoveff && cptcoveff>1)
                   sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition)," && ");
               }
               strcpy(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),")");
               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):%d t 'p.%d' with line lc variable", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,iyearc, cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",iagec); 
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s && (($%d-$%d) == %d ) ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):%d with labels center not ", gplotcondition, \
                         iyearc, iagec, offyear,                           \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate, iyearc );
   /*  '' u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0  && $3==2 && $4==0) && (($5-$6) == 1947) ? $10/(1.-$22) : 1/0):5 with labels center boxed not*/
               }else{
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), ioffset +1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
               }
             } /* end if covariate */
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/
       } /* end covariate */
     } /* End if prevfcast */
     
     if(backcast==1){
       /* Back projection from cross-sectional to stable (mixed) for each covariate */
       
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#Back projection of prevalence to stable (mixed) back prevalence: 'BPROJ_' files, covariatecombination#=%d originstate=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each correspondig covariate value  */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"# hbijx=backprobability over h years, hb.jx is weighted by observed prev at destination state\n ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Origin alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Prevalence\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
   
           /* for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /\* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 *\/ */
           istart=nlstate+1; /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           /*istart=1;*/ /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           for (i=istart; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 */
             /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1       2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             if(i==istart){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"FB_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
             }
             if(cptcoveff ==0){ /* No covariate */
               ioffset=2; /* Age is in 2 */
               /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#   1       2   3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               /*# V1  = 1 yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#  1    2        3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(", ioffset); 
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)):1 t 'bw%d' with line lc variable ", \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
                 fprintf(ficgp," (($1-$2) == %d ) ? $%d : 1/0):1 with labels center not ", \
                        offbyear,                          \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1) );
               }else
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'b%d%d' with line ",      \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt,i );
             }else{ /* more than 2 covariates */
               ioffset=2*cptcoveff+2; /* Age is in 4 or 6 or etc.*/
               /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
               /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */
               iyearc=ioffset-1;
               iagec=ioffset;
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
               kl=0;
               strcpy(gplotcondition,"(");
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate writing the chain of conditions */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to combination k1 and covariate k */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* Value of the modality of Tvaraff[k] */
                 kl++;
                 sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),"$%d==%d && $%d==%d " ,kl,Tvaraff[k], kl+1, nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                 kl++;
                 if(k <cptcoveff && cptcoveff>1)
                   sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition)," && ");
               }
               strcpy(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),")");
               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d : 1/0):%d t 'bw%d' with line lc variable", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),iyearc,cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",iagec); 
                 /* fprintf(ficgp,"%s && (($5-$6) == %d ) ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):5 with labels center not ", gplotcondition, \ */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s && (($%d-$%d) == %d ) ? $%d : 1/0):%d with labels center not ", gplotcondition, \
                         iyearc,iagec,offbyear,                            \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), iyearc );
   /*  '' u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0  && $3==2 && $4==0) && (($5-$6) == 1947) ? $10/(1.-$22) : 1/0):5 with labels center boxed not*/
               }else{
                 /* fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \ */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d : 1/0) t 'b%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), cpt,i );
               }
             } /* end if covariate */
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/
       } /* end covariate */
     } /* End if backcast */
     
     
     /* 9eme writing MLE parameters */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#9eme MLE estimated parameters\n#############\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"# initial state %d\n",i);
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"#   current state %d\n",k);
           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f; ",jk,p[jk]);
             jk++; 
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fprintf(ficgp,"##############\n#\n");
     
     /*goto avoid;*/
     /* 10eme Graphics of probabilities or incidences using written MLE parameters */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#10eme Graphics of probabilities or incidences\n#############\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=p1 +p2*age +p3*age*age+ p4*V1+ p5*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p13/p11)=a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p13/p11)=p6 +p7*age +p8*age*age+ p9*V1+ p10*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p12+p13+p14+p11=1=p11(1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#                      +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p11=1/(1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#                      +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p12=exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)/\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#     (1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age))\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a14+b14*age+c14age*age+d14*V1+e14*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#\n");
     for(ng=1; ng<=3;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is logit, 2nd is probabilities, third is incidences per year*/
       fprintf(ficgp,"#Number of graphics: first is logit, 2nd is probabilities, third is incidences per year\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"#model=%s \n",model);
       fprintf(ficgp,"# Type of graphic ng=%d\n",ng);
       fprintf(ficgp,"#   k1=1 to 2^%d=%d\n",cptcoveff,m);/* to be checked */
       for(k1=1; k1 <=m; k1++)  /* For each combination of covariate */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n\n# Combination of dummy  k1=%d which is ",k1);
         strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
         /*sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," Dummy combination %d ",k1);*/
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each correspondig covariate value  */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         } 
         strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,ng,nres);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset key outside ");
         /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%s\" at graph 1.2,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",gplotlabel); */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"%s\" font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",gplotlabel);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480 ");
         if (ng==1){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Value of the logit of the model\"\n"); /* exp(a12+b12*x) could be nice */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset log y");
         }else if (ng==2){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Probability\"\n");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
         }else if (ng==3){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
         }else
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title ");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         i=1;
         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
           k3=i;
           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
             if (k != k2){
               switch( ng) {
               case 1:
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               case 2: /* ng=2 */
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               case 3:
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               }
               ij=1;/* To be checked else nbcode[0][0] wrong */
               ijp=1; /* product no age */
               /* for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++) { */
               for(j=1; j <=cptcovt; j++) { /* For each covariate of the simplified model */
                 /* printf("Tage[%d]=%d, j=%d\n", ij, Tage[ij], j); */
                 if(cptcovage >0){ /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, 2 V5 and V1 */
                   if(j==Tage[ij]) { /* Product by age  To be looked at!!*/
                     if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, 2 V5 and V1 */
                       if(DummyV[j]==0){
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]);;
                       }else{ /* quantitative */
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f*x",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /* Tqinvresult in decoderesult */
                         /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                       }
                       ij++;
                     }
                   } 
                 }else if(cptcovprod >0){
                   if(j==Tprod[ijp]) { /* */ 
                     /* printf("Tprod[%d]=%d, j=%d\n", ij, Tprod[ijp], j); */
                     if(ijp <=cptcovprod) { /* Product */
                       if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][1]]==0){/* Vn is dummy */
                         if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][2]]==0){/* Vn and Vm are dummy */
                           /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvard[ijp][1]][codtabm(k1,j)],nbcode[Tvard[ijp][2]][codtabm(k1,j)]); */
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                         }else{ /* Vn is dummy and Vm is quanti */
                           /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvard[ijp][1]][codtabm(k1,j)],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]); */
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                         }
                       }else{ /* Vn*Vm Vn is quanti */
                         if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][2]]==0){
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]]);
                         }else{ /* Both quanti */
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                         }
                       }
                       ijp++;
                     }
                   } /* end Tprod */
                 } else{  /* simple covariate */
                   /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtabm(k1,j)]); /\* Valgrind bug nbcode *\/ */
                   if(Dummy[j]==0){
                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /*  */
                   }else{ /* quantitative */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /* */
                     /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                   }
                 } /* end simple */
               } /* end j */
             }else{
               i=i-ncovmodel;
               if(ng !=1 ) /* For logit formula of log p11 is more difficult to get */
                 fprintf(ficgp," (1.");
             }
             
             if(ng != 1){
               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
               
               for(cpt=1; cpt <=nlstate; cpt++){ 
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1,k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+nagesqr);
                  
                 ij=1;
                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++){
                    if(cptcovage >0){ 
                      if((j-2)==Tage[ij]) { /* Bug valgrind */
                        if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* Bug valgrind */
                          fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,j-2)]);
                          /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                          ij++;
                        }
                      }
                    }else
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,j-2)]);/* Valgrind bug nbcode */
                 }
                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
               }
               fprintf(ficgp,")");
               if(ng ==2)
                 fprintf(ficgp," w l lw 2 lt (%d*%d+%d)%%%d+1 dt %d t \"p%d%d\" ", nlstate+ndeath, k2, k, nlstate+ndeath, k2, k2,k);
               else /* ng= 3 */
                 fprintf(ficgp," w l lw 2 lt (%d*%d+%d)%%%d+1 dt %d t \"i%d%d\" ",  nlstate+ndeath, k2, k, nlstate+ndeath, k2, k2,k);
             }else{ /* end ng <> 1 */
               if( k !=k2) /* logit p11 is hard to draw */
                 fprintf(ficgp," w l lw 2 lt (%d*%d+%d)%%%d+1 dt %d t \"logit(p%d%d)\" ",  nlstate+ndeath, k2, k, nlstate+ndeath, k2, k2,k);
             }
             if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath) && ng != 1)
               fprintf(ficgp,",");
             if (ng == 1 && k!=k2 && (k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath))
               fprintf(ficgp,",");
             i=i+ncovmodel;
           } /* end k */
         } /* end k2 */
         /* fprintf(ficgp,"\n set out; unset label;set key default;\n"); */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n set out; unset title;set key default;\n");
       } /* end k1 */
     } /* end ng */
     /* avoid: */
     fflush(ficgp); 
   }  /* end gnuplot */
   
   
   /*************** Moving average **************/
   /* int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage, double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav, double bageout, double fageout){ */
    int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage, double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
      
      int i, cpt, cptcod;
      int modcovmax =1;
      int mobilavrange, mob;
      int iage=0;
      int firstA1=0, firstA2=0;
   
      double sum=0., sumr=0.;
      double age;
      double *sumnewp, *sumnewm, *sumnewmr;
      double *agemingood, *agemaxgood; 
      double *agemingoodr, *agemaxgoodr; 
     
     
      /* modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;  Max number of modalities. We suppose  */
      /*              a covariate has 2 modalities, should be equal to ncovcombmax   */
   
      sumnewp = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      sumnewm = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      sumnewmr = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      agemingood = vector(1,ncovcombmax);  
      agemingoodr = vector(1,ncovcombmax); 
      agemaxgood = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      agemaxgoodr = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
   
      for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
        sumnewm[cptcod]=0.; sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
        sumnewp[cptcod]=0.;
        agemingood[cptcod]=0, agemingoodr[cptcod]=0;
        agemaxgood[cptcod]=0, agemaxgoodr[cptcod]=0;
      }
      if (cptcovn<1) ncovcombmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
     
      if(mobilav==-1 || mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
        if(mobilav==1 || mobilav==-1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
        else mobilavrange=mobilav;
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++)
              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
        /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
           fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
           we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
        */ 
        for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
          for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
              sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
                }
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
                sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
              } /* end i */
              if(sumnewm[cptcod] >1.e-3) mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/sumnewm[cptcod]; /* Rescaling to sum one */
            } /* end cptcod */
          }/* end age */
        }/* end mob */
      }else{
        printf("Error internal in movingaverage, mobilav=%d.\n",mobilav);
        return -1;
      }
   
      for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){ /* for each combination */
        /* for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){ */
        if(invalidvarcomb[cptcod]){
          printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",cptcod); 
          continue;
        }
   
        for (age=fage-(mob-1)/2; age>=bage+(mob-1)/2; age--){ /*looking for the youngest and oldest good age */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good without smoothing */
            agemingoodr[cptcod]=age;
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemingood[cptcod]=age;
          }
        } /* age */
        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){ /*looking for the youngest and oldest good age */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good without smoothing */
            agemaxgoodr[cptcod]=age;
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
            agemaxgood[cptcod]=age;
          }
        } /* age */
        /* Thus we have agemingood and agemaxgood as well as goodr for raw (preobs) */
        /* but they will change */
        firstA1=0;firstA2=0;
        for (age=fage-(mob-1)/2; age>=bage; age--){/* From oldest to youngest, filling up to the youngest */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(mobilav==-1){ /* Forcing raw ages if good else agemingood */
            if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good without smoothing */
              agemaxgoodr[cptcod]=age;  /* age min */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            }else{ /* bad we change the value with the values of good ages */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgoodr[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }else{
            if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemaxgood[cptcod]=age;
            }else{ /* bad we change the value with the values of good ages */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }/* end else */
          sum=0.;sumr=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sum+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumr+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sum - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            if(!firstA1){
              firstA1=1;
              printf("Moving average A1: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one (%f) at any descending age! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d. Others in log file...\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
            }
            fprintf(ficlog,"Moving average A1: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one (%f) at any descending age! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
          } /* end bad */
          /* else{ /\* We found some ages summing to one, we will smooth the oldest *\/ */
          if(fabs(sumr - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            if(!firstA2){
              firstA2=1;
              printf("Moving average A2: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, the raw prevalence doesn't sums to one (%f) even with smoothed values at young ages! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d. Others in log file...\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
            }
            fprintf(ficlog,"Moving average A2: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, the raw prevalence doesn't sums to one (%f) even with smoothed values at young ages! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
          } /* end bad */
        }/* age */
   
        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage; age++){/* From youngest, finding the oldest wrong */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          } 
          if(mobilav==-1){ /* Forcing raw ages if good else agemingood */
            if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemingoodr[cptcod]=age;
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            }else{ /* bad we change the value with the values of good ages */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingoodr[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }else{
            if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemingood[cptcod]=age;
            }else{ /* bad */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }/* end else */
          sum=0.;sumr=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sum+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumr+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sum - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            printf("Moving average B1: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one (%f) at any descending age! age=%d, could you decrease fage=%d?\n",cptcod, sum, (int) age, (int)fage);
          } /* end bad */
          /* else{ /\* We found some ages summing to one, we will smooth the oldest *\/ */
          if(fabs(sumr - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            printf("Moving average B2: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, the raw prevalence doesn't sums to one (%f) even with smoothed values at young ages! age=%d, could you increase fage=%d\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)fage);
          } /* end bad */
        }/* age */
   
                   
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++){
          /* printf("%d %d ", cptcod, (int)age); */
          sumnewp[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewp[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            /* printf("%.4f %.4f ",probs[(int)age][i][cptcod], mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); */
          }
          /* printf("%.4f %.4f \n",sumnewp[cptcod], sumnewm[cptcod]); */
        }
        /* printf("\n"); */
        /* } */
   
        /* brutal averaging */
        /* for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
        /*   for (age=1; age<=bage; age++){ */
        /*          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod]; */
        /*          /\* printf("age=%d i=%d cptcod=%d mobaverage=%.4f \n",(int)age,i, cptcod, mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); *\/ */
        /*   }      */
        /*   for (age=fage; age<=AGESUP; age++){ */
        /*          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod]; */
        /*          /\* printf("age=%d i=%d cptcod=%d mobaverage=%.4f \n",(int)age,i, cptcod, mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); *\/ */
        /*   } */
        /* } /\* end i status *\/ */
        /* for (i=nlstate+1; i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++){ */
        /*   for (age=1; age<=AGESUP; age++){ */
        /*          /\*printf("i=%d, age=%d, cptcod=%d\n",i, (int)age, cptcod);*\/ */
        /*          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=0.; */
        /*   } */
        /* } */
      }/* end cptcod */
      free_vector(agemaxgoodr,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemaxgood,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemingood,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemingoodr,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(sumnewmr,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(sumnewm,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(sumnewp,1, ncovcombmax);
      return 0;
    }/* End movingaverage */
    
   
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
    void prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double ***prev, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, cptcod, i, h, i1, k4, nres=0;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
     /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\ */
     /*          firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model); */
    
     strcpy(fileresf,"F_"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileresu);
     if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
     printf("\nComputing forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresf);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else{
       hstepm=estepm;   
     }
     if(estepm > stepm){ /* Yes every two year */
       stepsize=2;
     }
   
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
     
   /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
       if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
         continue;
       if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
         printf("\nCombination (%d) projection ignored because no cases \n",k); 
         continue;
       }
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#****** hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
       }
       for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
       }
       fprintf(ficresf," yearproj age");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        
           fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresf," wp.%d",j);
       }
       for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
         /* for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){  */
         for (agec=fage; agec>=(bage); agec--){ 
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           /* We compute pii at age agec over nhstepm);*/
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k,nres);
           /* Then we print p3mat for h corresponding to the right agec+h*stepms=yearp */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
               break;
             }
           }
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
           
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
             ppij=0.;
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
               if (mobilav>=1)
                ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*prev[(int)agec][i][k];
               else { /* even if mobilav==-1 we use mobaverage, probs may not sums to 1 */
                   ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][k];
               }
               fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             } /* end i */
             fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
           }/* end j */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         } /* end agec */
         /* diffyear=(int) anproj1+yearp-ageminpar-1; */
         /*printf("Prevforecast %d+%d-%d=diffyear=%d\n",(int) anproj1, (int)yearp,(int)ageminpar,(int) anproj1-(int)ageminpar);*/
       } /* end yearp */
     } /* end  k */
           
     fclose(ficresf);
     printf("End of Computing forecasting \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Computing forecasting\n");
   
   }
   
   /************** Back Forecasting ******************/
    void prevbackforecast(char fileres[], double ***prevacurrent, double anback1, double mback1, double jback1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anback2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* back1, year, month, day of starting backection
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anback2 year of end of backprojection (same day and month as back1).
        prevacurrent and prev are prevalences.
     */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, cptcod, i, h, i1, k4, nres=0;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, ppi, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     char fileresfb[FILENAMELENGTH];
    
     agelim=AGEINF;
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
     /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\ */
     /*          firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model); */
   
     /*Do we need to compute prevalence again?*/
   
     /* prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
     
     strcpy(fileresfb,"FB_");
     strcat(fileresfb,fileresu);
     if((ficresfb=fopen(fileresfb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with back forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresfb);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with back forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresfb);
     }
     printf("\nComputing back forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresfb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing back forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresfb);
     
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
     
      
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else{
       hstepm=estepm;   
     }
     if(estepm >= stepm){ /* Yes every two year */
       stepsize=2;
     }
     
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm;
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresfb,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2);
     printf("# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2);
     
     fprintf(ficresfb,"#****** Routine prevbackforecast **\n");
     
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
       if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
         continue;
       if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
         printf("\nCombination (%d) projection ignored because no cases \n",k); 
         continue;
       }
       fprintf(ficresfb,"\n#****** hbijx=probability over h years, hb.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
         fprintf(ficresfb," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
       }
       for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
       }
       fprintf(ficresfb," yearbproj age");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           fprintf(ficresfb," b%d%d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresfb," b.%d",j);
       }
       for (yearp=0; yearp>=(anback2-anback1);yearp -=stepsize) {
         /* for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {  */
         fprintf(ficresfb,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresfb,"\n# Back Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jback1,mback1,anback1+yearp);
         /* printf("\n# Back Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jback1,mback1,anback1+yearp); */
         /* for (agec=bage; agec<=agemax-1; agec++){  /\* testing *\/ */
         for (agec=bage; agec<=fage; agec++){  /* testing */
           /* We compute bij at age agec over nhstepm, nhstepm decreases when agec increases because of agemax;*/
           nhstepm=(int) (agec-agelim) *YEARM/stepm;/*     nhstepm=(int) rint((agec-agelim)*YEARM/stepm);*/
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           /* computes hbxij at age agec over 1 to nhstepm */
           /* printf("####prevbackforecast debug  agec=%.2f nhstepm=%d\n",agec, nhstepm);fflush(stdout); */
           hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm, k, nres);
           /* hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,             nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k,nres); */
           /* Then we print p3mat for h corresponding to the right agec+h*stepms=yearp */
           /* printf(" agec=%.2f\n",agec);fflush(stdout); */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==-yearp) {
               break;
             }
           }
           fprintf(ficresfb,"\n");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficresfb,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficresfb,"%.f %.f ",anback1+yearp,agec-h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++) {
             ppij=0.;ppi=0.;
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) {
               /* if (mobilav==1) */
               ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*prevacurrent[(int)agec][j][k];
               ppi=ppi+prevacurrent[(int)agec][j][k];
               /* ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][j][k]; */
               /* ppi=ppi+mobaverage[(int)agec][j][k]; */
                 /* else { */
                 /*        ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][k]; */
                 /* } */
               fprintf(ficresfb," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             } /* end j */
             if(ppi <0.99){
               printf("Error in prevbackforecast, prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: %3f\n",i, ppi);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error in prevbackforecast, prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: %3f\n",i, ppi);
             }
             fprintf(ficresfb," %.3f", ppij);
           }/* end j */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         } /* end agec */
       } /* end yearp */
     } /* end k */
     
     /* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
     
     fclose(ficresfb);
     printf("End of Computing Back forecasting \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Computing Back forecasting\n");
           
   }
   
   /* Variance of prevalence limit: varprlim */
    void varprlim(char fileresu[], int nresult, double ***prevacurrent, int mobilavproj, double bage, double fage, double **prlim, int *ncvyearp, double ftolpl, double p[], double **matcov, double *delti, int stepm, int cptcoveff){
       /*------- Variance of forward period (stable) prevalence------*/   
    
      char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
      FILE *ficresvpl;
      double **oldm, **savm;
      double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */   
      int i1, k, nres, j ;
      
       strcpy(fileresvpl,"VPL_");
       strcat(fileresvpl,fileresu);
       if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance of forward period (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
         exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of forward period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvpl);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog, "Computing Variance-covariance of forward period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvpl);fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
       
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         printf("\n#****** ");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficresvpl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileresvpl, ficresvpl, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k, strstart, nres);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         /*}*/
       }
       
       fclose(ficresvpl);
       printf("done variance-covariance of forward period prevalence\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done variance-covariance of forward period prevalence\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
    }
   /* Variance of back prevalence: varbprlim */
    void varbprlim(char fileresu[], int nresult, double ***prevacurrent, int mobilavproj, double bage, double fage, double **bprlim, int *ncvyearp, double ftolpl, double p[], double **matcov, double *delti, int stepm, int cptcoveff){
         /*------- Variance of back (stable) prevalence------*/
   
      char fileresvbl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
      FILE  *ficresvbl;
   
      double **oldm, **savm;
      double **varbpl; /* Variances of back prevalence limits by age */   
      int i1, k, nres, j ;
   
      strcpy(fileresvbl,"VBL_");
      strcat(fileresvbl,fileresu);
      if((ficresvbl=fopen(fileresvbl,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with variance of back (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvbl);
        exit(0);
      }
      printf("Computing Variance-covariance of back (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvbl);fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog, "Computing Variance-covariance of back (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvbl);fflush(ficlog);
      
      
      i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
      
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
        for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
          if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
            continue;
          fprintf(ficresvbl,"\n#****** ");
          printf("\n#****** ");
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** ");
          for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
            fprintf(ficresvbl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
            fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
            printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
          }
          for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
            fprintf(ficresvbl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
            fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
          }
          fprintf(ficresvbl,"******\n");
          printf("******\n");
          fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
          
          varbpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
          oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
          
          varbrevlim(fileresvbl, ficresvbl, varbpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, bprlim, ftolpl, mobilavproj, ncvyearp, k, strstart, nres);
          free_matrix(varbpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
          /*}*/
        }
      
      fclose(ficresvbl);
      printf("done variance-covariance of back prevalence\n");fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog,"done variance-covariance of back prevalence\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
    } /* End of varbprlim */
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   /* void populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2s, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){ */
     
   /*   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h; */
   /*   int *popage; */
   /*   double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2; */
   /*   double *popeffectif,*popcount; */
   /*   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev; */
   /*   /\* double ***mobaverage; *\/ */
   /*   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH]; */
   
   /*   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
   /*   calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM; */
     
   /*   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
     
     
   /*   strcpy(filerespop,"POP_");  */
   /*   strcat(filerespop,fileresu); */
   /*   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop); */
   /*   } */
   /*   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop); */
   /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop); */
   
   /*   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1; */
   
   /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) { *\/ */
   /*   /\*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
   /*   /\*   if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ *\/ */
   /*   /\*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
   /*   /\*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
   /*   /\*   } *\/ */
   /*   /\* } *\/ */
   
   /*   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM; */
   /*   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1; */
     
   /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
     
   /*   hstepm=1; */
   /*   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  */
           
   /*   if (popforecast==1) { */
   /*     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) { */
   /*       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0); */
   /*       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0); */
   /*     }  */
   /*     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP); */
   /*     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP); */
   /*     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP); */
       
   /*     i=1;    */
   /*     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1; */
       
   /*     imx=i; */
   /*     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i]; */
   /*   } */
     
   /*   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){ */
   /*     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){ */
   /*       k=k+1; */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******"); */
   /*       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) { */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */
   /*       } */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n"); */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age"); */
   /*       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j); */
   /*       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]"); */
         
   /*       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {  */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    */
           
   /*      for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){  */
   /*        nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  */
   /*        nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
             
   /*        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*        oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
   /*        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
             
   /*        for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
   /*          if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) { */
   /*            fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
   /*          }  */
   /*          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   /*            kk1=0.;kk2=0; */
   /*            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {               */
   /*              if (mobilav==1)  */
   /*                kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod]; */
   /*              else { */
   /*                kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod]; */
   /*              } */
   /*            } */
   /*            if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){ */
   /*              tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1; */
   /*              /\*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1); */
   /*                if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*\/ */
   /*            } */
   /*          } */
   /*          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
   /*            kk1=0.; */
   /*            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
   /*              kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];  */
   /*            } */
   /*            tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)]; */
   /*          } */
               
   /*          if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) */
   /*            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  */
   /*              fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]); */
   /*        } */
   /*        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*      } */
   /*       } */
         
   /*       /\******\/ */
         
   /*       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {  */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    */
   /*      for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){  */
   /*        nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  */
   /*        nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
             
   /*        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*        oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
   /*        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
   /*        for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
   /*          if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) { */
   /*            fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
   /*          }  */
   /*          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   /*            kk1=0.;kk2=0; */
   /*            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {               */
   /*              kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];     */
   /*            } */
   /*            if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);         */
   /*          } */
   /*        } */
   /*        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*      } */
   /*       } */
   /*     }  */
   /*   } */
     
   /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
     
   /*   if (popforecast==1) { */
   /*     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP); */
   /*     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP); */
   /*     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP); */
   /*   } */
   /*   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   fclose(ficrespop); */
   /* } /\* End of popforecast *\/ */
    
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   
   
   /**************** function prwizard **********************/
   void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
   
     /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
   
     char ca[32], cb[32];
     int i,j, k, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     } /* end itimes */
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz(double x[])
   { 
     double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
    
     return -2*L*num/sump;
   }
   
   #ifdef GSL
   /******************* Gompertz_f Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz_f(const gsl_vector *v, void *params)
   { 
     double A,B,LL=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     double *x= (double *) v->data;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
     printf("x[0]=%lf x[1]=%lf\n",x[0],x[1]);
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[0]/(x[1])*(exp(x[1]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[1]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[0]/(x[1])*(exp(x[1]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[1]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[0]/YEARM)+x[1]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           LL=LL+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
     printf("x[0]=%lf x[1]=%lf -2*LL*num/sump=%lf\n",x[0],x[1],-2*LL*num/sump);
    
     return -2*LL*num/sump;
   }
   #endif
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtmlmort(char fileresu[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,  double p[],double **matcov,double agemortsup){
     int i,k;
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
     fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
     for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
       fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.svg\">");
     fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Life table</h4>\n <br>");
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\nAge   l<inf>x</inf>     q<inf>x</inf> d(x,x+1)    L<inf>x</inf>     T<inf>x</inf>     e<infx</inf><br>");
   
    for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
      fprintf(fichtm,"%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf<br>\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
   
    
     fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplotmort(char fileresu[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
   
     int ng;
   
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
   
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.svg\"\n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set ter svg size 640, 480\n set log y\n"); 
     /* fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n"); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
   
   } 
   
   int readdata(char datafile[], int firstobs, int lastobs, int *imax)
   {
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     FILE *fic;
     char dummy[]="                         ";
     int i=0, j=0, n=0, iv=0, v;
     int lstra;
     int linei, month, year,iout;
     char line[MAXLINE], linetmp[MAXLINE];
     char stra[MAXLINE], strb[MAXLINE];
     char *stratrunc;
   
     DummyV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* 1 to 3 */
     FixedV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* 1 to 3 */
   
     for(v=1; v <=ncovcol;v++){
       DummyV[v]=0;
       FixedV[v]=0;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=1;
       FixedV[v]=0;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+nqv+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=0;
       FixedV[v]=1;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=1;
       FixedV[v]=1;
     }
     for(v=1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv;v++){
       printf("Covariate type in the data: V%d, DummyV(V%d)=%d, FixedV(V%d)=%d\n",v,v,DummyV[v],v,FixedV[v]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Covariate type in the data: V%d, DummyV(V%d)=%d, FixedV(V%d)=%d\n",v,v,DummyV[v],v,FixedV[v]);
     }
   
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(ficlog);return 1;
     }
   
     i=1;
     linei=0;
     while ((fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL) &&((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs))) {
       linei=linei+1;
       for(j=strlen(line); j>=0;j--){  /* Untabifies line */
         if(line[j] == '\t')
           line[j] = ' ';
       }
       for(j=strlen(line)-1; (line[j]==' ')||(line[j]==10)||(line[j]==13);j--){
         ;
       };
       line[j+1]=0;  /* Trims blanks at end of line */
       if(line[0]=='#'){
         fprintf(ficlog,"Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         printf("Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         continue;
       }
       trimbb(linetmp,line); /* Trims multiple blanks in line */
       strcpy(line, linetmp);
       
       /* Loops on waves */
       for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
         for (iv=nqtv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on time varying quantitative variables */
           cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
           if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
             lval=-1;
             cotqvar[j][iv][i]=-1; /* 0.0/0.0 */
             cotvar[j][ntv+iv][i]=-1; /* For performance reasons */
             if(isalpha(strb[1])) { /* .m or .d Really Missing value */
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. If missing, you should remove this individual or impute a value.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. If missing, you should remove this individual or impute a value.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
           }else{
             errno=0;
             /* what_kind_of_number(strb); */
             dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
             /* if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){ */
             /* if(strb != endptr && *endptr == '\0') */
             /*    dval=dlval; */
             /* if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) */
             if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j,maxwav);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqtv, j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
             cotqvar[j][iv][i]=dval; 
             cotvar[j][ntv+iv][i]=dval; 
           }
           strcpy(line,stra);
         }/* end loop ntqv */
         
         for (iv=ntv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on time varying dummies */
           cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
           if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
             lval=-1;
           }else{
             errno=0;
             lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
             /*    if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
             if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th dummy covariate out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, ntv, j,maxwav);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d dummy covariate out of %d measured wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, ntv,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
           }
           if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
             printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
           cotvar[j][iv][i]=(double)(lval);
           strcpy(line,stra);
         }/* end loop ntv */
         
         /* Statuses  at wave */
         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
           /*      if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
         }
         
         s[j][i]=lval;
         
         /* Date of Interview */
         strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
         if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
         }
         else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy)) != 0){
           month=99;
           year=9999;
         }else{
           printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         anint[j][i]= (double) year; 
         mint[j][i]= (double)month; 
         strcpy(line,stra);
       } /* End loop on waves */
       
       /* Date of death */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
       }
       else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy)) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       andc[i]=(double) year; 
       moisdc[i]=(double) month; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       /* Date of birth */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
       }
       else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.", dummy)) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       if (year==9999) {
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given. Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
         
       }
       annais[i]=(double)(year);
       moisnais[i]=(double)(month); 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       /* Sample weight */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       errno=0;
       dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
       if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
         printf("Error reading data around '%f' at line number %d, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%f' at line number %d, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       weight[i]=dval; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       for (iv=nqv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on fixed quantitative variables */
         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           /* what_kind_of_number(strb); */
           dval=strtod(strb,&endptr);
           /* if(strb != endptr && *endptr == '\0') */
           /*   dval=dlval; */
           /* if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) */
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value (out of %d) constant for all waves. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqv, maxwav);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value (out of %d) constant for all waves. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqv, maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
           coqvar[iv][i]=dval; 
           covar[ncovcol+iv][i]=dval; /* including qvar in standard covar for performance reasons */ 
         }
         strcpy(line,stra);
       }/* end loop nqv */
       
       /* Covariate values */
       for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing covariate value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
         }
         if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
           printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         covar[j][i]=(double)(lval);
         strcpy(line,stra);
       }  
       lstra=strlen(stra);
       
       if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
         stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
         num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
       }
       else
         num[i]=atol(stra);
       /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
         printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
       
       i=i+1;
     } /* End loop reading  data */
     
     *imax=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
     fclose(fic);
     
     return (0);
     /* endread: */
     printf("Exiting readdata: ");
     fclose(fic);
     return (1);
   }
   
   void removefirstspace(char **stri){/*, char stro[]) {*/
     char *p1 = *stri, *p2 = *stri;
     while (*p2 == ' ')
       p2++; 
     /* while ((*p1++ = *p2++) !=0) */
     /*   ; */
     /* do */
     /*   while (*p2 == ' ') */
     /*     p2++; */
     /* while (*p1++ == *p2++); */
     *stri=p2; 
   }
   
   int decoderesult ( char resultline[], int nres)
   /**< This routine decode one result line and returns the combination # of dummy covariates only **/
   {
     int j=0, k=0, k1=0, k2=0, k3=0, k4=0, match=0, k2q=0, k3q=0, k4q=0;
     char resultsav[MAXLINE];
     int resultmodel[MAXLINE];
     int modelresult[MAXLINE];
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80];
   
     removefirstspace(&resultline);
     printf("decoderesult:%s\n",resultline);
   
     if (strstr(resultline,"v") !=0){
       printf("Error. 'v' must be in upper case 'V' result: %s ",resultline);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. 'v' must be in upper case result: %s ",resultline);fflush(ficlog);
       return 1;
     }
     trimbb(resultsav, resultline);
     if (strlen(resultsav) >1){
       j=nbocc(resultsav,'='); /**< j=Number of covariate values'=' */
     }
     if(j == 0){ /* Resultline but no = */
       TKresult[nres]=0; /* Combination for the nresult and the model */
       return (0);
     }
       
     if( j != cptcovs ){ /* Be careful if a variable is in a product but not single */
       printf("ERROR: the number of variable in the resultline, %d, differs from the number of variable used in the model line, %d.\n",j, cptcovs);
       fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR: the number of variable in the resultline, %d, differs from the number of variable used in the model line, %d.\n",j, cptcovs);
     }
     for(k=1; k<=j;k++){ /* Loop on any covariate of the result line */
       if(nbocc(resultsav,'=') >1){
          cutl(stra,strb,resultsav,' '); /* keeps in strb after the first ' ' 
                                         resultsav= V4=1 V5=25.1 V3=0 strb=V3=0 stra= V4=1 V5=25.1 */
          cutl(strc,strd,strb,'=');  /* strb:V4=1 strc=1 strd=V4 */
       }else
         cutl(strc,strd,resultsav,'=');
       Tvalsel[k]=atof(strc); /* 1 */
       
       cutl(strc,stre,strd,'V'); /* strd='V4' strc=4 stre='V' */;
       Tvarsel[k]=atoi(strc);
       /* Typevarsel[k]=1;  /\* 1 for age product *\/ */
       /* cptcovsel++;     */
       if (nbocc(stra,'=') >0)
         strcpy(resultsav,stra); /* and analyzes it */
     }
     /* Checking for missing or useless values in comparison of current model needs */
     for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt ;k1++){ /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       if(Typevar[k1]==0){ /* Single covariate in model */
         match=0;
         for(k2=1; k2 <=j;k2++){/* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
           if(Tvar[k1]==Tvarsel[k2]) {/* Tvar[1]=5 == Tvarsel[2]=5   */
             modelresult[k2]=k1;/* modelresult[2]=1 modelresult[1]=2  modelresult[3]=3  modelresult[6]=4 modelresult[9]=5 */
             match=1;
             break;
           }
         }
         if(match == 0){
           printf("Error in result line: %d value missing; result: %s, model=%s\n",k1, resultline, model);
         }
       }
     }
     /* Checking for missing or useless values in comparison of current model needs */
     for(k2=1; k2 <=j;k2++){ /* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
       match=0;
       for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt ;k1++){ /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         if(Typevar[k1]==0){ /* Single */
           if(Tvar[k1]==Tvarsel[k2]) { /* Tvar[2]=4 == Tvarsel[1]=4   */
             resultmodel[k1]=k2;  /* resultmodel[2]=1 resultmodel[1]=2  resultmodel[3]=3  resultmodel[6]=4 resultmodel[9]=5 */
             ++match;
           }
         }
       }
       if(match == 0){
         printf("Error in result line: %d value missing; result: %s, model=%s\n",k1, resultline, model);
       }else if(match > 1){
         printf("Error in result line: %d doubled; result: %s, model=%s\n",k2, resultline, model);
       }
     }
         
     /* We need to deduce which combination number is chosen and save quantitative values */
     /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
     /* result line V4=1 V5=25.1 V3=0  V2=8 V1=1 */
     /* should give a combination of dummy V4=1, V3=0, V1=1 => V4*2**(0) + V3*2**(1) + V1*2**(2) = 5 + (1offset) = 6*/
     /* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
     /* should give a combination of dummy V4=1, V3=1, V1=0 => V4*2**(0) + V3*2**(1) + V1*2**(2) = 3 + (1offset) = 4*/
     /*    1 0 0 0 */
     /*    2 1 0 0 */
     /*    3 0 1 0 */ 
     /*    4 1 1 0 */ /* V4=1, V3=1, V1=0 */
     /*    5 0 0 1 */
     /*    6 1 0 1 */ /* V4=1, V3=0, V1=1 */
     /*    7 0 1 1 */
     /*    8 1 1 1 */
     /* V(Tvresult)=Tresult V4=1 V3=0 V1=1 Tresult[nres=1][2]=0 */
     /* V(Tvqresult)=Tqresult V5=25.1 V2=8 Tqresult[nres=1][1]=25.1 */
     /* V5*age V5 known which value for nres?  */
     /* Tqinvresult[2]=8 Tqinvresult[1]=25.1  */
     for(k1=1, k=0, k4=0, k4q=0; k1 <=cptcovt;k1++){ /* model line */
       if( Dummy[k1]==0 && Typevar[k1]==0 ){ /* Single dummy */
         k3= resultmodel[k1]; /* resultmodel[2(V4)] = 1=k3 */
         k2=(int)Tvarsel[k3]; /*  Tvarsel[resultmodel[2]]= Tvarsel[1] = 4=k2 */
         k+=Tvalsel[k3]*pow(2,k4);  /*  Tvalsel[1]=1  */
         Tresult[nres][k4+1]=Tvalsel[k3];/* Tresult[nres][1]=1(V4=1)  Tresult[nres][2]=0(V3=0) */
         Tvresult[nres][k4+1]=(int)Tvarsel[k3];/* Tvresult[nres][1]=4 Tvresult[nres][3]=1 */
         Tinvresult[nres][(int)Tvarsel[k3]]=Tvalsel[k3]; /* Tinvresult[nres][4]=1 */
         printf("Decoderesult Dummy k=%d, V(k2=V%d)= Tvalsel[%d]=%d, 2**(%d)\n",k, k2, k3, (int)Tvalsel[k3], k4);
         k4++;;
       }  else if( Dummy[k1]==1 && Typevar[k1]==0 ){ /* Single quantitative */
         k3q= resultmodel[k1]; /* resultmodel[2] = 1=k3 */
         k2q=(int)Tvarsel[k3q]; /*  Tvarsel[resultmodel[2]]= Tvarsel[1] = 4=k2 */
         Tqresult[nres][k4q+1]=Tvalsel[k3q]; /* Tqresult[nres][1]=25.1 */
         Tvqresult[nres][k4q+1]=(int)Tvarsel[k3q]; /* Tvqresult[nres][1]=5 */
         Tqinvresult[nres][(int)Tvarsel[k3q]]=Tvalsel[k3q]; /* Tqinvresult[nres][5]=25.1 */
         printf("Decoderesult Quantitative nres=%d, V(k2q=V%d)= Tvalsel[%d]=%d, Tvarsel[%d]=%f\n",nres, k2q, k3q, Tvarsel[k3q], k3q, Tvalsel[k3q]);
         k4q++;;
       }
     }
     
     TKresult[nres]=++k; /* Combination for the nresult and the model */
     return (0);
   }
   
   int decodemodel( char model[], int lastobs)
    /**< This routine decodes the model and returns:
           * Model  V1+V2+V3+V8+V7*V8+V5*V6+V8*age+V3*age+age*age
           * - nagesqr = 1 if age*age in the model, otherwise 0.
           * - cptcovt total number of covariates of the model nbocc(+)+1 = 8 excepting constant and age and age*age
           * - cptcovn or number of covariates k of the models excluding age*products =6 and age*age
           * - cptcovage number of covariates with age*products =2
           * - cptcovs number of simple covariates
           * - Tvar[k] is the id of the kth covariate Tvar[1]@12 {1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 8, 3, 7, 8, 5, 6}, thus Tvar[5=V7*V8]=10
           *     which is a new column after the 9 (ncovcol) variables. 
           * - if k is a product Vn*Vm covar[k][i] is filled with correct values for each individual
           * - Tprod[l] gives the kth covariates of the product Vn*Vm l=1 to cptcovprod-cptcovage
           *    Tprod[1]@2 {5, 6}: position of first product V7*V8 is 5, and second V5*V6 is 6.
           * - Tvard[k]  p Tvard[1][1]@4 {7, 8, 5, 6} for V7*V8 and V5*V6 .
           */
   {
     int i, j, k, ks, v;
     int  j1, k1, k2, k3, k4;
     char modelsav[80];
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80];
     char *strpt;
   
     /*removespace(model);*/
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=0, k2=-1, ks=0, cptcovn=0;
       if (strstr(model,"AGE") !=0){
         printf("Error. AGE must be in lower case 'age' model=1+age+%s. ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. AGE must be in lower case model=1+age+%s. ",model);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       if (strstr(model,"v") !=0){
         printf("Error. 'v' must be in upper case 'V' model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. 'v' must be in upper case model=%s ",model);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strpt=strstr(model,"age*age")) !=0){
         printf(" strpt=%s, model=%s\n",strpt, model);
         if(strpt != model){
           printf("Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
    'model=1+age+age*age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.', please swap as well as \n \
    corresponding column of parameters.\n",model);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
    'model=1+age+age*age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.', please swap as well as \n \
    corresponding column of parameters.\n",model); fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         nagesqr=1;
         if (strstr(model,"+age*age") !=0)
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "+age*age");
         else if (strstr(model,"age*age+") !=0)
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "age*age+");
         else 
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "age*age");
       }else
         nagesqr=0;
       if (strlen(modelsav) >1){
         j=nbocc(modelsav,'+'); /**< j=Number of '+' */
         j1=nbocc(modelsav,'*'); /**< j1=Number of '*' */
         cptcovs=j+1-j1; /**<  Number of simple covariates V1+V1*age+V3 +V3*V4+age*age=> V1 + V3 =5-3=2  */
         cptcovt= j+1; /* Number of total covariates in the model, not including
                        * cst, age and age*age 
                        * V1+V1*age+ V3 + V3*V4+age*age=> 3+1=4*/
         /* including age products which are counted in cptcovage.
          * but the covariates which are products must be treated 
          * separately: ncovn=4- 2=2 (V1+V3). */
         cptcovprod=j1; /**< Number of products  V1*V2 +v3*age = 2 */
         cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age: V3*V4 =1  */
         
         
         /*   Design
          *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9 Weight
          *  <          ncovcol=8                >
          * Model V2 + V1 + V3*age + V3 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V8*age + V8
          *   k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8
          *  cptcovn number of covariates (not including constant and age ) = # of + plus 1 = 7+1=8
          *  covar[k,i], value of kth covariate if not including age for individual i:
          *       covar[1][i]= (V1), covar[4][i]=(V4), covar[8][i]=(V8)
          *  Tvar[k] # of the kth covariate:  Tvar[1]=2  Tvar[2]=1 Tvar[4]=3 Tvar[8]=8
          *       if multiplied by age: V3*age Tvar[3=V3*age]=3 (V3) Tvar[7]=8 and 
          *  Tage[++cptcovage]=k
          *       if products, new covar are created after ncovcol with k1
          *  Tvar[k]=ncovcol+k1; # of the kth covariate product:  Tvar[5]=ncovcol+1=10  Tvar[6]=ncovcol+1=11
          *  Tprod[k1]=k; Tprod[1]=5 Tprod[2]= 6; gives the position of the k1th product
          *  Tvard[k1][1]=m Tvard[k1][2]=m; Tvard[1][1]=5 (V5) Tvard[1][2]=6 Tvard[2][1]=7 (V7) Tvard[2][2]=8
          *  Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];
          *  Tvar[8+1]=5;Tvar[8+2]=6;Tvar[8+3]=7;Tvar[8+4]=8 inverted
          *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9  V10  V11
          *  <          ncovcol=8                >
          *       Model V2 + V1 + V3*age + V3 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V8*age + V8    d1   d1   d2  d2
          *          k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8    9   10   11  12
          *     Tvar[k]= 2    1      3       3    10      11      8        8    5    6    7   8
          * p Tvar[1]@12={2,   1,     3,      3,   11,     10,     8,       8,   7,   8,   5,  6}
          * p Tprod[1]@2={                         6, 5}
          *p Tvard[1][1]@4= {7, 8, 5, 6}
          * covar[k][i]= V2   V1      ?      V3    V5*V6?   V7*V8?  ?       V8   
          *  cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
          *How to reorganize?
          * Model V1 + V2 + V3 + V8 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V3*age + V8*age
          * Tvars {2,   1,     3,      3,   11,     10,     8,       8,   7,   8,   5,  6}
          *       {2,   1,     4,      8,    5,      6,     3,       7}
          * Struct []
          */
         
         /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
         /* j is the number of + signs in the model V1+V2+V3 j=2 i=3 to 1 */
         /*   modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4  */
         /*        k=4 (age*V3) Tvar[k=4]= 3 (from V3) Tage[cptcovage=1]=4 */
         /*        k=3 V4 Tvar[k=3]= 4 (from V4) */
         /*        k=2 V1 Tvar[k=2]= 1 (from V1) */
         /*        k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2) */
         /*        k=5 Tvar[5] */
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) { */
         /*        cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
         /*        } */
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[Tage[k])]]*cov[2]; */
         /*
          * Treating invertedly V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is as if written V2*V4 +V3*age + V1 + V2 */
         for(k=cptcovt; k>=1;k--){ /**< Number of covariates not including constant and age, neither age*age*/
           Tvar[k]=0; Tprod[k]=0; Tposprod[k]=0;
         }
         cptcovage=0;
         for(k=1; k<=cptcovt;k++){ /* Loop on total covariates of the model */
           cutl(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the first '+' 
                                            modelsav==V2+V1+V4+V3*age strb=V3*age stra=V2+V1+V4 */ 
           if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
           /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
           /*scanf("%d",i);*/
           if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /**< Model includes a product V2+V1+V4+V3*age strb=V3*age */
             cutl(strc,strd,strb,'*'); /**< strd*strc  Vm*Vn: strb=V3*age(input) strc=age strd=V3 ; V3*V2 strc=V2, strd=V3 */
             if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /**< Model includes age: Vn*age */
               /* covar is not filled and then is empty */
               cptcovprod--;
               cutl(stre,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd=V3(input): stre="3" */
               Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);  /* V2+V1+V4+V3*age Tvar[4]=3 ; V1+V2*age Tvar[2]=2; V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1 */
               Typevar[k]=1;  /* 1 for age product */
               cptcovage++; /* Sums the number of covariates which include age as a product */
               Tage[cptcovage]=k;  /* Tvar[4]=3, Tage[1] = 4 or V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1, Tage[1]=2 */
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
             } else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
               cptcovprod--;
               cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V');
               Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);
               Typevar[k]=1;  /* 1 for age product */
               cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=k;
             } else {  /* Age is not in the model product V2+V1+V1*V4+V3*age+V3*V2  strb=V3*V2*/
               /* loops on k1=1 (V3*V2) and k1=2 V4*V3 */
               cptcovn++;
               cptcovprodnoage++;k1++;
               cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n; strb=V3*V2 stre=3 strc=*/
               Tvar[k]=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv+k1; /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
                                                   because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
                                                   which is after existing variables ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv + k1
                                                   If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2
                                                   Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 Tvar[5=V3*V2]=4 + 2= 6, etc */
               Typevar[k]=2;  /* 2 for double fixed dummy covariates */
               cutl(strc,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
               Tprod[k1]=k;  /* Tprod[1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2  */
               Tposprod[k]=k1; /* Tpsprod[3]=1, Tposprod[2]=5 */
               Tvard[k1][1] =atoi(strc); /* m 1 for V1*/
               Tvard[k1][2] =atoi(stre); /* n 4 for V4*/
               k2=k2+2;  /* k2 is initialize to -1, We want to store the n and m in Vn*Vm at the end of Tvar */
               /* Tvar[cptcovt+k2]=Tvard[k1][1]; /\* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+k2=1)=5]= 1 (V1) *\/ */
               /* Tvar[cptcovt+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];  /\* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+(k2=1)+1)=6]= 4 (V4) *\/ */
               /*ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2, Tvar[3]=5, Tvar[4]=6, cptcovt=5 */
               /*                     1  2   3      4     5 | Tvar[5+1)=1, Tvar[7]=2   */
               for (i=1; i<=lastobs;i++){
                 /* Computes the new covariate which is a product of
                    covar[n][i]* covar[m][i] and stores it at ncovol+k1 May not be defined */
                 covar[ncovcol+k1][i]=covar[atoi(stre)][i]*covar[atoi(strc)][i];
               }
             } /* End age is not in the model */
           } /* End if model includes a product */
           else { /* no more sum */
             /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
             /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
             cutl(strd,strc,strb,'V');
             ks++; /**< Number of simple covariates dummy or quantitative, fixe or varying */
             cptcovn++; /** V4+V3+V5: V4 and V3 timevarying dummy covariates, V5 timevarying quantitative */
             Tvar[k]=atoi(strd);
             Typevar[k]=0;  /* 0 for simple covariates */
           }
           strcpy(modelsav,stra);  /* modelsav=V2+V1+V4 stra=V2+V1+V4 */ 
                                   /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
                                     scanf("%d",i);*/
         } /* end of loop + on total covariates */
       } /* end if strlen(modelsave == 0) age*age might exist */
     } /* end if strlen(model == 0) */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
     
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
        printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
        fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
        scanf("%d ",i);*/
   
   
   /* Until here, decodemodel knows only the grammar (simple, product, age*) of the model but not what kind
      of variable (dummy vs quantitative, fixed vs time varying) is behind. But we know the # of each. */
   /* ncovcol= 1, nqv=1 | ntv=2, nqtv= 1  = 5 possible variables data: 2 fixed 3, varying
      model=        V5 + V4 +V3 + V4*V3 + V5*age + V2 + V1*V2 + V1*age + V5*age, V1 is not used saving its place
      k =           1    2   3     4       5       6      7      8        9
      Tvar[k]=      5    4   3 1+1+2+1+1=6 5       2      7      1        5
      Typevar[k]=   0    0   0     2       1       0      2      1        1
      Fixed[k]      1    1   1     1       3       0    0 or 2   2        3
      Dummy[k]      1    0   0     0       3       1      1      2        3
             Tmodelind[combination of covar]=k;
   */  
   /* Dispatching between quantitative and time varying covariates */
     /* If Tvar[k] >ncovcol it is a product */
     /* Tvar[k] is the value n of Vn with n varying for 1 to nvcol, or p  Vp=Vn*Vm for product */
           /* Computing effective variables, ie used by the model, that is from the cptcovt variables */
     printf("Model=%s\n\
   Typevar: 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product \n\
   Fixed[k] 0=fixed (product or simple), 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product \n\
   Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product\n",model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Model=%s\n\
   Typevar: 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product \n\
   Fixed[k] 0=fixed (product or simple), 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product \n\
   Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product\n",model);
     for(k=-1;k<=cptcovt; k++){ Fixed[k]=0; Dummy[k]=0;}
     for(k=1, ncovf=0, nsd=0, nsq=0, ncovv=0, ncova=0, ncoveff=0, nqfveff=0, ntveff=0, nqtveff=0;k<=cptcovt; k++){ /* or cptocvt */
       if (Tvar[k] <=ncovcol && Typevar[k]==0 ){ /* Simple fixed dummy (<=ncovcol) covariates */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ncoveff++;
         ncovf++;
         nsd++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         TvarsD[nsd]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsDind[nsd]=k;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFD[ncoveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         TvarFDind[ncoveff]=k; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol &&  Typevar[k]==2){ /* Product of fixed dummy (<=ncovcol) covariates */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ncoveff++;
         ncovf++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFD[ncoveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         TvarFDind[ncoveff]=k; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv && Typevar[k]==0){/* Remind that product Vn*Vm are added in k Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 1;
         nqfveff++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= FQ;
         nsq++;
         TvarsQ[nsq]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsQind[nsq]=k;
         ncovf++;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFQ[nqfveff]=Tvar[k]-ncovcol; /* TvarFQ[1]=V2-1=1st in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
         TvarFQind[nqfveff]=k; /* TvarFQind[1]=6 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv && Typevar[k]==0){/* Only simple time varying dummy variables */
         Fixed[k]= 1;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ntveff++; /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= VD;
         nsd++;
         TvarsD[nsd]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsDind[nsd]=k;
         ncovv++; /* Only simple time varying variables */
         TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
         TvarVind[ncovv]=k; /* TvarVind[2]=2  TvarVind[3]=3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Any time varying singele */
         TvarVD[ntveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarVD[1]=V4  TvarVD[2]=V3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         TvarVDind[ntveff]=k; /* TvarVDind[1]=2 TvarVDind[2]=3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         printf("Quasi Tmodelind[%d]=%d,Tvar[Tmodelind[%d]]=V%d, ncovcol=%d, nqv=%d,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv=%d\n",ntveff,k,ntveff,Tvar[k], ncovcol, nqv,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv);
         printf("Quasi TmodelInvind[%d]=%d\n",k,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv);
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv  && Typevar[k]==0){ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable V5*/
         Fixed[k]= 1;
         Dummy[k]= 1;
         nqtveff++;
         modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= VQ;
         ncovv++; /* Only simple time varying variables */
         nsq++;
         TvarsQ[nsq]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsQind[nsq]=k;
         TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
         TvarVind[ncovv]=k; /* TvarVind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Any time varying singele */
         TvarVQ[nqtveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarVQ[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         TvarVQind[nqtveff]=k; /* TvarVQind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         TmodelInvQind[nqtveff]=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv;/* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         /* Tmodeliqind[k]=nqtveff;/\* Only simple time varying quantitative variable *\/ */
         printf("Quasi TmodelQind[%d]=%d,Tvar[TmodelQind[%d]]=V%d, ncovcol=%d, nqv=%d, ntv=%d,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv=%d\n",nqtveff,k,nqtveff,Tvar[k], ncovcol, nqv, ntv, Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv);
         printf("Quasi TmodelInvQind[%d]=%d\n",k,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv);
       }else if (Typevar[k] == 1) {  /* product with age */
         ncova++;
         TvarA[ncova]=Tvar[k];
         TvarAind[ncova]=k;
         if (Tvar[k] <=ncovcol ){ /* Product age with fixed dummy covariatee */
           Fixed[k]= 2;
           Dummy[k]= 2;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APFD;
           /* ncoveff++; */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv) { /* Remind that product Vn*Vm are added in k*/
           Fixed[k]= 2;
           Dummy[k]= 3;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APFQ;                /*      Product age * fixed quantitative */
           /* nqfveff++;  /\* Only simple fixed quantitative variable *\/ */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv ){
           Fixed[k]= 3;
           Dummy[k]= 2;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APVD;                /*      Product age * varying dummy */
           /* ntveff++; /\* Only simple time varying dummy variable *\/ */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
           Fixed[k]= 3;
           Dummy[k]= 3;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APVQ;                /*      Product age * varying quantitative */
           /* nqtveff++;/\* Only simple time varying quantitative variable *\/ */
         }
       }else if (Typevar[k] == 2) {  /* product without age */
         k1=Tposprod[k];
         if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDD;              /*      Product fixed dummy * fixed dummy */
             ncovf++; /* Fixed variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 0;  /* or 2 ?*/
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDQ;              /*      Product fixed dummy * fixed quantitative */
             ncovf++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product fixed dummy * varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product fixed dummy * varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 0;  /* or 2 ?*/
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * fixed dummy */
             ncovf++; /* Fixed variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product time varying dummy * fixed dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying dummy * fixed quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product time varying dummy * time varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying dummy * time varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * fixed dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * fixed quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * time varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * time varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else{
           printf("Error unknown type of covariate: Tvard[%d][1]=%d,Tvard[%d][2]=%d\n",k1,Tvard[k1][1],k1,Tvard[k1][2]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error unknown type of covariate: Tvard[%d][1]=%d,Tvard[%d][2]=%d\n",k1,Tvard[k1][1],k1,Tvard[k1][2]);
         } /*end k1*/
       }else{
         printf("Error, current version can't treat for performance reasons, Tvar[%d]=%d, Typevar[%d]=%d\n", k, Tvar[k], k, Typevar[k]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error, current version can't treat for performance reasons, Tvar[%d]=%d, Typevar[%d]=%d\n", k, Tvar[k], k, Typevar[k]);
       }
       printf("Decodemodel, k=%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d,Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",k, k,Tvar[k],Typevar[k],Fixed[k],Dummy[k]);
       printf("           modell[%d].maintype=%d, modell[%d].subtype=%d\n",k,modell[k].maintype,k,modell[k].subtype);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Decodemodel, k=%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d,Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",k, k,Tvar[k],Typevar[k],Fixed[k],Dummy[k]);
     }
     /* Searching for doublons in the model */
     for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt;k1++){
       for(k2=1; k2 <k1;k2++){
         /* if((Typevar[k1]==Typevar[k2]) && (Fixed[Tvar[k1]]==Fixed[Tvar[k2]]) && (Dummy[Tvar[k1]]==Dummy[Tvar[k2]] )){ */
         if((Typevar[k1]==Typevar[k2]) && (Fixed[k1]==Fixed[k2]) && (Dummy[k1]==Dummy[k2] )){
           if((Typevar[k1] == 0 || Typevar[k1] == 1)){ /* Simple or age product */
             if(Tvar[k1]==Tvar[k2]){
               printf("Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n", model, k1,k2, k1, Tvar[k1], k2, Tvar[k2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[k1],Dummy[k1]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n", model, k1,k2, k1, Tvar[k1], k2, Tvar[k2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[k1],Dummy[k1]); fflush(ficlog);
               return(1);
             }
           }else if (Typevar[k1] ==2){
             k3=Tposprod[k1];
             k4=Tposprod[k2];
             if( ((Tvard[k3][1]== Tvard[k4][1])&&(Tvard[k3][2]== Tvard[k4][2])) || ((Tvard[k3][1]== Tvard[k4][2])&&(Tvard[k3][2]== Tvard[k4][1])) ){
               printf("Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, V%d*V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",model, k1,k2, Tvard[k3][1], Tvard[k3][2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, V%d*V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",model, k1,k2, Tvard[k3][1], Tvard[k3][2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]); fflush(ficlog);
               return(1);
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }
     printf("ncoveff=%d, nqfveff=%d, ntveff=%d, nqtveff=%d, cptcovn=%d\n",ncoveff,nqfveff,ntveff,nqtveff,cptcovn);
     fprintf(ficlog,"ncoveff=%d, nqfveff=%d, ntveff=%d, nqtveff=%d, cptcovn=%d\n",ncoveff,nqfveff,ntveff,nqtveff,cptcovn);
     printf("ncovf=%d, ncovv=%d, ncova=%d, nsd=%d, nsq=%d\n",ncovf,ncovv,ncova,nsd,nsq);
     fprintf(ficlog,"ncovf=%d, ncovv=%d, ncova=%d, nsd=%d, nsq=%d\n",ncovf,ncovv,ncova,nsd, nsq);
     return (0); /* with covar[new additional covariate if product] and Tage if age */ 
     /*endread:*/
     printf("Exiting decodemodel: ");
     return (1);
   }
   
   int calandcheckages(int imx, int maxwav, double *agemin, double *agemax, int *nberr, int *nbwarn )
   {/* Check ages at death */
     int i, m;
     int firstone=0;
     
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           if (s[m][i] != -2) /* Keeping initial status of unknown vital status */
             s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           *nberr = *nberr + 1;
           if(firstone == 0){
             firstone=1;
           printf("Warning (#%d)! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown but status is a death state %d at wave %d. If you don't know the vital status, please enter -2. If he/she is still alive but don't know the state, please code with '-1 or '.'. Here, we do not believe in a death, skipped.\nOther similar cases in log file\n", *nberr,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i,s[m][i],m);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning (#%d)! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown but status is a death state %d at wave %d. If you don't know the vital status, please enter -2. If he/she is still alive but don't know the state, please code with '-1 or '.'. Here, we do not believe in a death, skipped.\n", *nberr,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i,s[m][i],m);
           s[m][i]=-1;  /* Droping the death status */
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           (*nberr)++;
           printf("Error (#%d)! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown (%2d) (year of death is %4d) and status is a death state %d at wave %d. Please impute an arbitrary (or not) month and rerun. Currently this transition to death will be skipped (status is set to -2).\nOther similar cases in log file\n", *nberr, num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],s[m][i],m);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error (#%d)! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown (%2d) (year of death is %4d) and status is a death state %d at wave %d. Please impute an arbitrary (or not) month and rerun. Currently this transition to death will be skipped (status is set to -2).\n", *nberr, num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],s[m][i],m);
           s[m][i]=-2; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0  || s[m][i]==-1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){ /* What if s[m][i]=-1 */
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0){
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999){
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
                 /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               }else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
             } /* agedc > 0 */
           } /* end if */
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] < *agemin){ 
               *agemin=agev[m][i];
               printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], *agemin);
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >*agemax){
               *agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" Max anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], *agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           } /* en if 9*/
           else { /* =9 */
             /* printf("Debug num[%d]=%ld s[%d][%d]=%d\n",i,num[i], m,i, s[m][i]); */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else if(s[m][i]==0) /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
         else{
           printf("Warning, num[%d]=%ld, s[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, num[i], m, i,s[m][i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog, "Warning, num[%d]=%ld, s[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, num[i], m, i,s[m][i]); 
           agev[m][i]=0;
         }
       } /* End for lastpass */
     }
       
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           (*nberr)++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           return 1;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, *agemin, *agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, *agemin, *agemax); 
   
     return (0);
    /* endread:*/
       printf("Exiting calandcheckages: ");
       return (1);
   }
   
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
   /*printf("Visual C++ compiler: %s \n;", _MSC_FULL_VER);*/
   /*fprintf(ficlog, "Visual C++ compiler: %s \n;", _MSC_FULL_VER);*/
   //#include "stdafx.h"
   //#include <stdio.h>
   //#include <tchar.h>
   //#include <windows.h>
   //#include <iostream>
   typedef BOOL(WINAPI *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS) (HANDLE, PBOOL);
   
   LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;
   
   BOOL IsWow64()
   {
           BOOL bIsWow64 = FALSE;
   
           //typedef BOOL (APIENTRY *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS)
           //  (HANDLE, PBOOL);
   
           //LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;
   
           HMODULE module = GetModuleHandle(_T("kernel32"));
           const char funcName[] = "IsWow64Process";
           fnIsWow64Process = (LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS)
                   GetProcAddress(module, funcName);
   
           if (NULL != fnIsWow64Process)
           {
                   if (!fnIsWow64Process(GetCurrentProcess(),
                           &bIsWow64))
                           //throw std::exception("Unknown error");
                           printf("Unknown error\n");
           }
           return bIsWow64 != FALSE;
   }
   #endif
   
   void syscompilerinfo(int logged)
    {
      /* #include "syscompilerinfo.h"*/
      /* command line Intel compiler 32bit windows, XP compatible:*/
      /* /GS /W3 /Gy
         /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O2 /Fd"Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D
         "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_USING_V110_SDK71_" /D "_UNICODE" /D
         "UNICODE" /Qipo /Zc:forScope /Gd /Oi /MT /Fa"Release\" /EHsc /nologo
         /Fo"Release\" /Qprof-dir "Release\" /Fp"Release\IMaCh.pch"
      */ 
      /* 64 bits */
      /*
        /GS /W3 /Gy
        /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O2 /Fd"x64\Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG"
        /D "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_UNICODE" /D "UNICODE" /Qipo /Zc:forScope
        /Oi /MD /Fa"x64\Release\" /EHsc /nologo /Fo"x64\Release\" /Qprof-dir
        "x64\Release\" /Fp"x64\Release\IMaCh.pch" */
      /* Optimization are useless and O3 is slower than O2 */
      /*
        /GS /W3 /Gy /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O3 /Fd"x64\Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" 
        /D "NDEBUG" /D "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_UNICODE" /D "UNICODE" /Qipo 
        /Zc:forScope /Oi /MD /Fa"x64\Release\" /EHsc /nologo /Qparallel 
        /Fo"x64\Release\" /Qprof-dir "x64\Release\" /Fp"x64\Release\IMaCh.pch" 
      */
      /* Link is */ /* /OUT:"visual studio
         2013\Projects\IMaCh\Release\IMaCh.exe" /MANIFEST /NXCOMPAT
         /PDB:"visual studio
         2013\Projects\IMaCh\Release\IMaCh.pdb" /DYNAMICBASE
         "kernel32.lib" "user32.lib" "gdi32.lib" "winspool.lib"
         "comdlg32.lib" "advapi32.lib" "shell32.lib" "ole32.lib"
         "oleaut32.lib" "uuid.lib" "odbc32.lib" "odbccp32.lib"
         /MACHINE:X86 /OPT:REF /SAFESEH /INCREMENTAL:NO
         /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE",5.01" /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker'
         uiAccess='false'"
         /ManifestFile:"Release\IMaCh.exe.intermediate.manifest" /OPT:ICF
         /NOLOGO /TLBID:1
      */
   #if defined __INTEL_COMPILER
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
           struct utsname sysInfo;  /* For Intel on Linux and OS/X */
   #endif
   #elif defined(__GNUC__) 
   #ifndef  __APPLE__
   #include <gnu/libc-version.h>  /* Only on gnu */
   #endif
      struct utsname sysInfo;
      int cross = CROSS;
      if (cross){
              printf("Cross-");
              if(logged) fprintf(ficlog, "Cross-");
      }
   #endif
   
   #include <stdint.h>
   
      printf("Compiled with:");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog,"Compiled with:");
   #if defined(__clang__)
      printf(" Clang/LLVM");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Clang/LLVM");       /* Clang/LLVM. ---------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__ICC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
      printf(" Intel ICC/ICPC");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Intel ICC/ICPC");/* Intel ICC/ICPC. ------------------------------------------ */
   #endif
   #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
      printf(" GNU GCC/G++");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," GNU GCC/G++");/* GNU GCC/G++. --------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__HP_cc) || defined(__HP_aCC)
      printf(" Hewlett-Packard C/aC++");if(logged)fprintf(fcilog," Hewlett-Packard C/aC++"); /* Hewlett-Packard C/aC++. ---------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__IBMC__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
      printf(" IBM XL C/C++"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," IBM XL C/C++");/* IBM XL C/C++. -------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      printf(" Microsoft Visual Studio");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Microsoft Visual Studio");/* Microsoft Visual Studio. --------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__PGI)
      printf(" Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP");/* Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP. ------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__SUNPRO_C) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
      printf(" Oracle Solaris Studio");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Oracle Solaris Studio\n");/* Oracle Solaris Studio. ----------------------------------- */
   #endif
      printf(" for "); if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, " for ");
      
   // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4605842/how-to-identify-platform-compiler-from-preprocessor-macros
   #ifdef _WIN32 // note the underscore: without it, it's not msdn official!
       // Windows (x64 and x86)
      printf("Windows (x64 and x86) ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Windows (x64 and x86) ");
   #elif __unix__ // all unices, not all compilers
       // Unix
      printf("Unix ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Unix ");
   #elif __linux__
       // linux
      printf("linux ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"linux ");
   #elif __APPLE__
       // Mac OS, not sure if this is covered by __posix__ and/or __unix__ though..
      printf("Mac OS ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Mac OS ");
   #endif
   
   /*  __MINGW32__   */
   /*  __CYGWIN__   */
   /* __MINGW64__  */
   // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/b0084kay.aspx
   /* _MSC_VER  //the Visual C++ compiler is 17.00.51106.1, the _MSC_VER macro evaluates to 1700. Type cl /?  */
   /* _MSC_FULL_VER //the Visual C++ compiler is 15.00.20706.01, the _MSC_FULL_VER macro evaluates to 150020706 */
   /* _WIN64  // Defined for applications for Win64. */
   /* _M_X64 // Defined for compilations that target x64 processors. */
   /* _DEBUG // Defined when you compile with /LDd, /MDd, and /MTd. */
   
   #if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffff
      printf(" 32-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," 32-bit");/* 32-bit */
   #elif UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffffffffffff
      printf(" 64-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," 64-bit");/* 64-bit */
   #else
      printf(" wtf-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," wtf-bit");/* wtf */
   #endif
   
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
   # if defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
   #  define __GNUC_VERSION__ (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 \
                               + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
   # else
   #  define __GNUC_VERSION__ (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100)
   # endif
      printf(" using GNU C version %d.\n", __GNUC_VERSION__);
      if(logged) fprintf(ficlog, " using GNU C version %d.\n", __GNUC_VERSION__);
   
      if (uname(&sysInfo) != -1) {
        printf("Running on: %s %s %s %s %s\n",sysInfo.sysname, sysInfo.nodename, sysInfo.release, sysInfo.version, sysInfo.machine);
            if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Running on: %s %s %s %s %s\n ",sysInfo.sysname, sysInfo.nodename, sysInfo.release, sysInfo.version, sysInfo.machine);
      }
      else
         perror("uname() error");
      //#ifndef __INTEL_COMPILER 
   #if !defined (__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(__APPLE__)
      printf("GNU libc version: %s\n", gnu_get_libc_version()); 
      if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"GNU libc version: %s\n", gnu_get_libc_version());
   #endif
   #endif
   
      //   void main ()
      //   {
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      if (IsWow64()){
              printf("\nThe program (probably compiled for 32bit) is running under WOW64 (64bit) emulation.\n");
              if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, "\nThe program (probably compiled for 32bit) is running under WOW64 (64bit) emulation.\n");
      }
      else{
              printf("\nThe program is not running under WOW64 (i.e probably on a 64bit Windows).\n");
              if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, "\nThe programm is not running under WOW64 (i.e probably on a 64bit Windows).\n");
      }
      //      printf("\nPress Enter to continue...");
      //      getchar();
      //   }
   
   #endif
      
   
   }
   
   int prevalence_limit(double *p, double **prlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp){
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (forward period or forward stable prevalence) --------------*/
     int i, j, k, i1, k4=0, nres=0 ;
     /* double ftolpl = 1.e-10; */
     double age, agebase, agelim;
     double tot;
   
     strcpy(filerespl,"PL_");
     strcat(filerespl,fileresu);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forward period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forward period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
     }
     printf("\nComputing forward period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing forward period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     pstamp(ficrespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"# Forward period (stable) prevalence. Precision given by ftolpl=%g \n", ftolpl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
   
     /* i1=pow(2,ncoveff); */
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For each combination k of dummy covariates in the model */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
   
         /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
         /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=1;cptcov++){ */
         //for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         /* k=k+1; */
         /* to clean */
         //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
         fprintf(ficrespl,"#******");
         printf("#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff ;j++) {/* all covariates */
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); /* Here problem for varying dummy*/
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
           printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficrespl,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"\nCombination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
   
         fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
         fprintf(ficrespl,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
       
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k, nres);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           tot=0.;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             tot +=  prlim[i][i];
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
         } /* Age */
         /* was end of cptcod */
       } /* cptcov */
     } /* nres */
     return 0;
   }
   
   int back_prevalence_limit(double *p, double **bprlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass, int mobilavproj){
           /*--------------- Back Prevalence limit  (backward stable prevalence) --------------*/
           
           /* Computes the back prevalence limit  for any combination      of covariate values 
      * at any age between ageminpar and agemaxpar
            */
     int i, j, k, i1, nres=0 ;
     /* double ftolpl = 1.e-10; */
     double age, agebase, agelim;
     double tot;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     /* double      **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm;  /\* for use *\/ */
   
     strcpy(fileresplb,"PLB_");
     strcat(fileresplb,fileresu);
     if((ficresplb=fopen(fileresplb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with backward prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresplb);return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with backward prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresplb);return 1;
     }
     printf("Computing backward prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", fileresplb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing backward prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", fileresplb);
     pstamp(ficresplb);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"# Backward prevalence. Precision given by ftolpl=%g \n", ftolpl);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficresplb,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"\n");
     
     
     /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
     
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     
     
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
        if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
         fprintf(ficresplb,"#******");
         printf("#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff ;j++) {/* all covariates */
           fprintf(ficresplb," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficresplb," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresplb,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
           printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficresplb,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
       
         fprintf(ficresplb,"#Age ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresplb,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficresplb,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
         fprintf(ficresplb,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
       
       
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
           if(mobilavproj > 0){
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, ageminpar, agemaxpar, oldm, savm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k, nres);
           }else if (mobilavproj == 0){
             printf("There is no chance to get back prevalence limit if data aren't non zero and summing to 1, please try a non null mobil_average(=%d) parameter or mobil_average=-1 if you want to try at your own risk.\n",mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"There is no chance to get back prevalence limit if data aren't non zero and summing to 1, please try a non null mobil_average(=%d) parameter or mobil_average=-1 if you want to try at your own risk.\n",mobilavproj);
             exit(1);
           }else{
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, probs, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             bprevalim(bprlim, probs, nlstate, p, age, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k,nres);
             /* printf("TOTOT\n"); */
             /* exit(1); */
           }
           fprintf(ficresplb,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficresplb,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           tot=0.;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             tot +=  bprlim[i][i];
             fprintf(ficresplb," %.5f", bprlim[i][i]);
           }
           fprintf(ficresplb," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
         } /* Age */
         /* was end of cptcod */
         /*fprintf(ficresplb,"\n");*/ /* Seems to be necessary for gnuplot only if two result lines and no covariate. */
       } /* end of any combination */
     } /* end of nres */  
     /* hBijx(p, bage, fage); */
     /* fclose(ficrespijb); */
     
     return 0;
   }
    
   int hPijx(double *p, int bage, int fage){
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
   
     int stepsize;
     int agelim;
     int hstepm;
     int nhstepm;
     int h, i, i1, j, k, k4, nres=0;
   
     double agedeb;
     double ***p3mat;
   
       strcpy(filerespij,"PIJ_");  strcat(filerespij,fileresu);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij); return 1;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij); return 1;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
                   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
       pstamp(ficrespij);
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
                   /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
                   /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
                   /*      k=k+1;  */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficrespij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
         
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
           
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
           
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k, nres);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             /*agedebphstep = agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm;*/
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
         /*}*/
       }
       return 0;
   }
    
    int hBijx(double *p, int bage, int fage, double ***prevacurrent){
       /*------------- h Bij x at various ages ------------*/
   
     int stepsize;
     /* int agelim; */
           int ageminl;
     int hstepm;
     int nhstepm;
     int h, i, i1, j, k, nres;
           
     double agedeb;
     double ***p3mat;
           
     strcpy(filerespijb,"PIJB_");  strcat(filerespijb,fileresu);
     if((ficrespijb=fopen(filerespijb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij back resultfile: %s\n", filerespijb); return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij back resultfile: %s\n", filerespijb); return 1;
     }
     printf("Computing pij back: result on file '%s' \n", filerespijb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij back: result on file '%s' \n", filerespijb);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
     
     /* agelim=AGESUP; */
     ageminl=AGEINF; /* was 30 */
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */
     
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
     pstamp(ficrespijb);
     fprintf(ficrespijb,"#****** h Bij x Back probability to be in state i at age x-h being in j at x: B1j+B2j+...=1 ");
     i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
     /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
     /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
     /*    k=k+1;  */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficrespijb," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespijb,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){  /* Is it necessary here? */
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
         
         /* for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /\* If stepm=6 months *\/ */
         for (agedeb=bage; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){ /* If stepm=6 months and estepm=24 (2 years) */
           /* nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /\* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 *\/ */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agedeb-ageminl)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10, because estepm=24 stepm=6 => hstepm=24/6=4 */
           
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
           
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); /* We can't have it at an upper level because of nhstepm */
           /* and memory limitations if stepm is small */
   
           /* oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
           /* hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
           hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm, k, nres);
           /* hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, k); */
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"# Cov Agex agex-h hbijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespijb," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             /*agedebphstep = agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm;*/
             fprintf(ficrespijb,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb - h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             /* fprintf(ficrespijb,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ); */
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespijb," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
         } /* end age deb */
       } /* end combination */
     } /* end nres */
     return 0;
    } /*  hBijx */
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
   #ifdef GSL
     const gsl_multimin_fminimizer_type *T;
     size_t iteri = 0, it;
     int rval = GSL_CONTINUE;
     int status = GSL_SUCCESS;
     double ssval;
   #endif
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter=0,m,size=100, cptcod;
     int ncvyear=0; /* Number of years needed for the period prevalence to converge */
     int jj, ll, li, lj, lk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     int num_filled;
     int itimes;
     int NDIM=2;
     int vpopbased=0;
     int nres=0;
     int endishere=0;
     int noffset=0;
     int ncurrv=0; /* Temporary variable */
     
     char ca[32], cb[32];
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     struct stat info;
     double agedeb=0.;
   
     double ageminpar=AGEOVERFLOW,agemin=AGEOVERFLOW, agemaxpar=-AGEOVERFLOW, agemax=-AGEOVERFLOW;
     double ageminout=-AGEOVERFLOW,agemaxout=AGEOVERFLOW; /* Smaller Age range redefined after movingaverage */
   
     double fret;
     double dum=0.; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
   
     char line[MAXLINE];
     char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE];
   
     char  modeltemp[MAXLINE];
     char resultline[MAXLINE];
     
     char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE]; 
     char *tok, *val; /* pathtot */
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int c,  h , cpt, c2;
     int jl=0;
     int i1, j1, jk, stepsize=0;
     int count=0;
   
     int *tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int backcast=0;
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm=0, nhstepm=0;
     int agemortsup;
     float  sumlpop=0.;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage=0, fage=110., age, agelim=0., agebase=0.;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double **bprlim;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double ***paramstart; /* Matrix of starting parameter values */
     double  *p, *pstart; /* p=param[1][1] pstart is for starting values guessed by freqsummary */
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double **hess; /* Hessian matrix */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
   
     double *epj, vepp;
   
     double dateprev1, dateprev2;
     double jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000, dateproj1=0, dateproj2=0;
     double jback1=1,mback1=1,anback1=2000,jback2=1,mback2=1,anback2=2000, dateback1=0, dateback2=0;
   
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4]="1234";
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c";
   
     /*char  *strt;*/
     char strtend[80];
   
   
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     rstart_time = time(NULL);  
     /*  (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);*/
     start_time = *localtime(&rstart_time);
     curr_time=start_time;
     /*tml = *localtime(&start_time.tm_sec);*/
     /* strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tml)); */
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&start_time));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tm_sec = tp.tm_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tm_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tm_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
   #ifdef WIN32
     _getcwd(pathcd, size);
   #else
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   #endif
     syscompilerinfo(0);
     printf("\nIMaCh version %s, %s\n%s",version, copyright, fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       if(!fgets(pathr,FILENAMELENGTH,stdin)){
         printf("ERROR Empty parameter file name\n");
         goto end;
       }
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(pathr[i-1]=='\n')
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(i >= 1 && pathr[i-1]==' ') {/* This may happen when dragging on oS/X! */
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
       }
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if( i==0 ){
         printf("ERROR Empty parameter file name\n");
         goto end;
       }
       for (tok = pathr; tok != NULL; ){
         printf("Pathr |%s|\n",pathr);
         while ((val = strsep(&tok, "\"" )) != NULL && *val == '\0');
         printf("val= |%s| pathr=%s\n",val,pathr);
         strcpy (pathtot, val);
         if(pathr[0] == '\0') break; /* Dirty */
       }
     }
     else if (argc<=2){
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
       strcpy(z,argv[2]);
       printf("\nargv[2]=%s z=%c\n",argv[2],z[0]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     /* Split argv[0], imach program to get pathimach */
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s argv[1]=%s, \n",argv[0],argv[1]);
     split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s pathimach=%s, \noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
    /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
     /* Split argv[1]=pathtot, parameter file name to get path, optionfile, extension and name */
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\npathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   #ifdef WIN32
     _chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
   #else
     chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
   #endif
     printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Directory already exists (or can't create it) %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Main Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Version %s %s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname='%s'\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     syscompilerinfo(1);
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tm_sec-start_time.tm_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileresu, optionfilefiname); /* Without r in front */
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
     strcat(fileresu,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /* Main ---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",optionfile,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",optionfile,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       /* goto end; */
       exit(70); 
     }
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileresu);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
         /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name */
     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", rfileres);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", rfileres);goto end;
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"#IMaCh %s\n",version);
   
                                         
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     /* Is it a BOM UTF-8 Windows file? */
     /* First parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       noffset=0;
       if( line[0] == (char)0xEF && line[1] == (char)0xBB) /* EF BB BF */
       {
         noffset=noffset+3;
         printf("# File is an UTF8 Bom.\n"); // 0xBF
       }
       else if( line[0] == (char)0xFE && line[1] == (char)0xFF)
       {
         noffset=noffset+2;
         printf("# File is an UTF16BE BOM file\n");
       }
       else if( line[0] == 0 && line[1] == 0)
       {
         if( line[2] == (char)0xFE && line[3] == (char)0xFF){
           noffset=noffset+4;
           printf("# File is an UTF16BE BOM file\n");
         }
       } else{
         ;/*printf(" Not a BOM file\n");*/
       }
     
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
       if (line[noffset] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficres);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", \
                           title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 5) {
         printf("Should be 5 parameters\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"Should be 5 parameters\n");
       }
       numlinepar++;
       printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
       fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
       fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
     }
     /* Second parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       /* while(fscanf(ficpar,"%[^\n]", line)) { */
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment. Strangely fgets reads the EOL and fputs doesn't */
       if (line[0] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         printf("%s",line);
         fprintf(ficres,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",line);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"ftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n", \
                           &ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nqv, &ntv, &nqtv, &nlstate, &ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 11) {
         printf("Not 11 parameters, for example:ftol=1.e-8 stepm=12 ncovcol=2 nqv=1 ntv=2 nqtv=1  nlstate=2 ndeath=1 maxwav=3 mle=1 weight=1\n");
         printf("but line=%s\n",line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Not 11 parameters, for example:ftol=1.e-8 stepm=12 ncovcol=2 nqv=1 ntv=2 nqtv=1  nlstate=2 ndeath=1 maxwav=3 mle=1 weight=1\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"but line=%s\n",line);
       }
       if( lastpass > maxwav){
         printf("Error (lastpass = %d) > (maxwav = %d)\n",lastpass, maxwav);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error (lastpass = %d) > (maxwav = %d)\n",lastpass, maxwav);
         fflush(ficlog);
         goto end;
       }
         printf("ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
       fprintf(ficparo,"ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
       fprintf(ficres,"ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, 0, weightopt);
       fprintf(ficlog,"ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
     }
     /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
     /*ftolpl=6.e-4; *//* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
     /* Third parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
       if (line[0] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         printf("%s",line);
         fprintf(ficres,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",line);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"model=1+age%[^.\n]", model)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 1){
         printf("ERROR %d: Model should be at minimum 'model=1+age' %s\n",num_filled, line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR %d: Model should be at minimum 'model=1+age' %s\n",num_filled, line);
         model[0]='\0';
         goto end;
       }
       else{
         if (model[0]=='+'){
           for(i=1; i<=strlen(model);i++)
             modeltemp[i-1]=model[i];
           strcpy(model,modeltemp); 
         }
       }
       /* printf(" model=1+age%s modeltemp= %s, model=%s\n",model, modeltemp, model);fflush(stdout); */
       printf("model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficparo,"model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficres,"model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
     }
     /* fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=1+age+%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model); */
     /* numlinepar=numlinepar+3; /\* In general *\/ */
     /* printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
     /* fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
     /* fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
     fflush(ficlog);
     /* if(model[0]=='#'|| model[0]== '\0'){ */
     if(model[0]=='#'){
       printf("Error in 'model' line: model should start with 'model=1+age+' and end without space \n \
    'model=1+age+' or 'model=1+age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age' or \n \
    'model=1+age+V1+V2' or 'model=1+age+V1+V2+V1*V2' etc. \n");            \
       if(mle != -1){
         printf("Fix the model line and run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter vectors and subdiagonal covariance matrix.\n");
         exit(1);
       }
     }
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       if(line[1]=='q'){ /* This #q will quit imach (the answer is q) */
         z[0]=line[1];
       }
       /* printf("****line [1] = %c \n",line[1]); */
       fputs(line, stdout);
       //puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);  /**< used in readdata */
     if(nqv>=1)coqvar=matrix(1,nqv,1,n);  /**< Fixed quantitative covariate */
     if(nqtv>=1)cotqvar=ma3x(1,maxwav,1,nqtv,1,n);  /**< Time varying quantitative covariate */
     if(ntv+nqtv>=1)cotvar=ma3x(1,maxwav,1,ntv+nqtv,1,n);  /**< Time varying covariate (dummy and quantitative)*/
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement plus one, indepently of n in Vn*/
     /* v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes cptcovn = 5
        v1+v2*age+v2*v3 makes cptcovn = 3
     */
     if (strlen(model)>1) 
       ncovmodel=2+nbocc(model,'+')+1; /*Number of variables including intercept and age = cptcovn + intercept + age : v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes 5+2=7,age*age makes 3*/
     else
       ncovmodel=2; /* Constant and age */
     nforce= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate; /* Number of forces ij from state i to j */
     npar= nforce*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters like aij*/
     if(npar >MAXPARM || nlstate >NLSTATEMAX || ndeath >NDEATHMAX || ncovmodel>NCOVMAX){
       printf("Too complex model for current IMaCh: npar=(nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel=%d >= %d(MAXPARM) or nlstate=%d >= %d(NLSTATEMAX) or ndeath=%d >= %d(NDEATHMAX) or ncovmodel=(k+age+#of+signs)=%d(NCOVMAX) >= %d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Too complex model for current IMaCh: %d >=%d(MAXPARM) or %d >=%d(NLSTATEMAX) or %d >=%d(NDEATHMAX) or %d(NCOVMAX) >=%d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fflush(stdout);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
   /* We could also provide initial parameters values giving by simple logistic regression 
    * only one way, that is without matrix product. We will have nlstate maximizations */
         /* for(i=1;i<nlstate;i++){ */
         /*        /\*reducing xi for 1 to npar to 1 to ncovmodel; *\/ */
         /*    mlikeli(ficres,p, ncovmodel, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, funcnoprod); */
         /* } */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You chose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You chose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
       exit(0);
     }  else if(mle==-5) { /* Main Wizard */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You chose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You chose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }  else{ /* Begin of mle != -1 or -5 */
       /* Read guessed parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       paramstart= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) || (j1 != jj)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n \
   It might be a problem of design; if ncovcol and the model are correct\n \
   run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,jj);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,jj);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Reads parameters values */
       p=param[1][1];
       pstart=paramstart[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ( (i1-i) * (j1-j) != 0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Reads covariance matrix */
       delti=delti3[1][1];
                   
                   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
                   
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
                   
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=1; j <=npar; j++) matcov[i][j]=0.;
                   
       /* Scans npar lines */
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         count=fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d%d",&i1,&j1,&jk);
         if(count != 3){
           printf("Error! Error in parameter file %s at line %d after line starting with %1d%1d%1d\n\
   This is probably because your covariance matrix doesn't \n  contain exactly %d lines corresponding to your model line '1+age+%s'.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",optionfile,numlinepar, i1,j1,jk, npar, model);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Error in parameter file %s at line %d after line starting with %1d%1d%1d\n\
   This is probably because your covariance matrix doesn't \n  contain exactly %d lines corresponding to your model line '1+age+%s'.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",optionfile,numlinepar, i1,j1,jk, npar, model);
           exit(1);
         }else{
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         }
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
                                   printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       /* End of read covariance matrix npar lines */
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
     
     /*  Main data
      */
     n= lastobs;
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
       num[i]=0;
       moisnais[i]=0;
       annais[i]=0;
       moisdc[i]=0;
       andc[i]=0;
       agedc[i]=0;
       cod[i]=0;
       weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     }
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n); /* s[i][j] health state for wave i and individual j */ 
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Number of code per covariate; if O and 1 only, 2**ncov; V1+V2+V3+V4=>16 */
     ncodemaxwundef=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Number of code per covariate; if - 1 O and 1 only, 2**ncov; V1+V2+V3+V4=>16 */
   
     /* Reads data from file datafile */
     if (readdata(datafile, firstobs, lastobs, &imx)==1)
       goto end;
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameters from char model */
     /*    modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4 
           k=4 (age*V3) Tvar[k=4]= 3 (from V3) Tag[cptcovage=1]=4
           k=3 V4 Tvar[k=3]= 4 (from V4)
           k=2 V1 Tvar[k=2]= 1 (from V1)
           k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2)
     */
     
     Tvar=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Was 15 changed to NCOVMAX. */
     TvarsDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarF=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarA=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarAind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
   
     Tvalsel=vector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     Tvarsel=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     Typevar=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 2 */
     Fixed=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 3 */
     Dummy=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 3 */
     /*  V2+V1+V4+age*V3 is a model with 4 covariates (3 plus signs). 
         For each model-covariate stores the data-covariate id. Tvar[1]=2, Tvar[2]=1, Tvar[3]=4, 
         Tvar[4=age*V3] is 3 and 'age' is recorded in Tage.
     */
     /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
       because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
       ncovcol + k1
       If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
       Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 etc */
     Tprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the k position of the k1 product */
     Tposprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the k1 product from the k position */
     /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
        if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2)
        Tposprod[k]=k1 , Tposprod[3]=1, Tposprod[5]=2 
     */
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Unclear */
     Tvard=imatrix(1,NCOVMAX,1,2); /* n=Tvard[k1][1]  and m=Tvard[k1][2] gives the couple n,m of the k1 th product Vn*Vm
                               * For V3*V2 (in V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2), V3*V2 position is 2nd. 
                               * Tvard[k1=2][1]=3 (V3) Tvard[k1=2][2]=2(V2) */
     Tage=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the covariate id of covariates associated with age: V2 + V1 + age*V4 + V3*age
                            4 covariates (3 plus signs)
                            Tage[1=V3*age]= 4; Tage[2=age*V4] = 3
                         */  
     Tmodelind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);/** gives the k model position of an
                                   * individual dummy, fixed or varying:
                                   * Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9,Tvaraff[1]@9={4,
                                   * 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                                   * model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 , 
                                   * V1 df, V2 qf, V3 & V4 dv, V5 qv
                                   * Tmodelind[1]@9={9,0,3,2,}*/
     TmodelInvind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* TmodelInvind=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv={5-2-1=2,*/
     TmodelInvQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);/** gives the k model position of an
                                   * individual quantitative, fixed or varying:
                                   * Tmodelqind[1]=1,Tvaraff[1]@9={4,
                                   * 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                                   * model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/
   /* Main decodemodel */
   
   
     if(decodemodel(model, lastobs) == 1) /* In order to get Tvar[k] V4+V3+V5 p Tvar[1]@3  = {4, 3, 5}*/
       goto end;
   
     if((double)(lastobs-imx)/(double)imx > 1.10){
       nbwarn++;
       printf("Warning: The value of parameter lastobs=%d is big compared to the \n  effective number of cases imx=%d, please adjust, \n  otherwise you are allocating more memory than necessary.\n",lastobs, imx); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: The value of parameter lastobs=%d is big compared to the \n  effective number of cases imx=%d, please adjust, \n  otherwise you are allocating more memory than necessary.\n",lastobs, imx); 
     }
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights. We can have weights different from 1 but want no weight*/
       for(i=1;i<=imx;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* changed to imx */
     }
   
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     if(calandcheckages(imx, maxwav, &agemin, &agemax, &nberr, &nbwarn) == 1)
       goto end;
   
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     /* free_vector(moisdc,1,n); */
     /* free_vector(andc,1,n); */
     /* */
     
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     /* dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     /* bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     /* mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); /* We are adding a wave if status is unknown at last wave but death occurs after last wave.*/
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
        Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the number of (mi=1 to wav[i]) effective wave out of mi of individual i
        dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
        and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     */
   
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
     /* Concatenates waves */
    
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     Ndum =ivector(-1,NCOVMAX);  
     cptcoveff=0;
     if (ncovmodel-nagesqr > 2 ){ /* That is if covariate other than cst, age and age*age */
       tricode(&cptcoveff,Tvar,nbcode,imx, Ndum); /**< Fills nbcode[Tvar[j]][l]; */
     }
     
     ncovcombmax=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     invalidvarcomb=ivector(1, ncovcombmax); 
     for(i=1;i<ncovcombmax;i++)
       invalidvarcomb[i]=0;
     
     /* Nbcode gives the value of the lth modality (currently 1 to 2) of jth covariate, in
        V2+V1*age, there are 3 covariates Tvar[2]=1 (V1).*/
     /* 1 to ncodemax[j] which is the maximum value of this jth covariate */
     
     /*  codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);*/ /* codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) */
     /*printf(" codtab[1,1],codtab[100,10]=%d,%d\n", codtab[1][1],codtabm(100,10));*/
     /* codtab gives the value 1 or 2 of the hth combination of k covariates (1 or 2).*/
     /* nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(h,j)]) : if there are only 2 modalities for a covariate j, 
      * codtabm(h,j) gives its value classified at position h and nbcode gives how it is coded 
      * (currently 0 or 1) in the data.
      * In a loop on h=1 to 2**k, and a loop on j (=1 to k), we get the value of 
      * corresponding modality (h,j).
      */
   
     h=0;
     /*if (cptcovn > 0) */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
             /**< codtab(h,k)  k   = codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) + 1
              * For k=4 covariates, h goes from 1 to m=2**k
              * codtabm(h,k)=  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1)) + 1;
              * #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
              *     h\k   1     2     3     4
              *______________________________  
              *     1 i=1 1 i=1 1 i=1 1 i=1 1
              *     2     2     1     1     1
              *     3 i=2 1     2     1     1
              *     4     2     2     1     1
              *     5 i=3 1 i=2 1     2     1
              *     6     2     1     2     1
              *     7 i=4 1     2     2     1
              *     8     2     2     2     1
              *     9 i=5 1 i=3 1 i=2 1     2
              *    10     2     1     1     2
              *    11 i=6 1     2     1     2
              *    12     2     2     1     2
              *    13 i=7 1 i=4 1     2     2    
              *    14     2     1     2     2
              *    15 i=8 1     2     2     2
              *    16     2     2     2     2
              */
     /* How to do the opposite? From combination h (=1 to 2**k) how to get the value on the covariates? */
        /* from h=5 and m, we get then number of covariates k=log(m)/log(2)=4
        * and the value of each covariate?
        * V1=1, V2=1, V3=2, V4=1 ?
        * h-1=4 and 4 is 0100 or reverse 0010, and +1 is 1121 ok.
        * h=6, 6-1=5, 5 is 0101, 1010, 2121, V1=2nd, V2=1st, V3=2nd, V4=1st.
        * In order to get the real value in the data, we use nbcode
        * nbcode[Tvar[3][2nd]]=1 and nbcode[Tvar[4][1]]=0
        * We are keeping this crazy system in order to be able (in the future?) 
        * to have more than 2 values (0 or 1) for a covariate.
        * #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
        * h=6, k=2? h-1=5=0101, reverse 1010, +1=2121, k=2nd position: value is 1: codtabm(6,2)=1
        *              bbbbbbbb
        *              76543210     
        *   h-1        00000101 (6-1=5)
        *(h-1)>>(k-1)= 00000010 >> (2-1) = 1 right shift
        *           &
        *     1        00000001 (1)
        *              00000000        = 1 & ((h-1) >> (k-1))
        *          +1= 00000001 =1 
        *
        * h=14, k=3 => h'=h-1=13, k'=k-1=2
        *          h'      1101 =2^3+2^2+0x2^1+2^0
        *    >>k'            11
        *          &   00000001
        *            = 00000001
        *      +1    = 00000010=2    =  codtabm(14,3)   
        * Reverse h=6 and m=16?
        * cptcoveff=log(16)/log(2)=4 covariate: 6-1=5=0101 reversed=1010 +1=2121 =>V1=2, V2=1, V3=2, V4=1.
        * for (j=1 to cptcoveff) Vj=decodtabm(j,h,cptcoveff)
        * decodtabm(h,j,cptcoveff)= (((h-1) >> (j-1)) & 1) +1 
        * decodtabm(h,j,cptcoveff)= (h <= (1<<cptcoveff)?(((h-1) >> (j-1)) & 1) +1 : -1)
        * V3=decodtabm(14,3,2**4)=2
        *          h'=13   1101 =2^3+2^2+0x2^1+2^0
        *(h-1) >> (j-1)    0011 =13 >> 2
        *          &1 000000001
        *           = 000000001
        *         +1= 000000010 =2
        *                  2211
        *                  V1=1+1, V2=0+1, V3=1+1, V4=1+1
        *                  V3=2
                    * codtabm and decodtabm are identical
        */
   
   
    free_ivector(Ndum,-1,NCOVMAX);
   
   
       
     /* Initialisation of ----------- gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-MORT_");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# IMaCh-%s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       //fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"set datafile missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
   
   
     /* Initialisation of --------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-MORT_");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);
       exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
             optionfilehtmcov,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<html><head>\n<head>\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\"/><meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<title>IMaCh %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"7\"><a href=http:/euroreves.ined.fr/imach>IMaCh for Interpolated Markov Chain</a> </font><br>\n<font size=\"3\">Sponsored by Copyright (C)  2002-2015 <a href=http://www.ined.fr>INED</a>-EUROREVES-Institut de longévité-2013-2016-Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences 日本学術振興会 (<a href=https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-grants/>Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121</a>) - <a href=https://software.intel.com/en-us>Intel Software 2015-2018</a></font><br>  \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   <font size=\"2\">IMaCh-%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Parameter file: <a href=\"%s.%s\">%s.%s</a><br>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             optionfilehtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             optionfilefiname,optionfilext,optionfilefiname,optionfilext,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
   #ifdef WIN32
     _chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
   #else
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
   #endif
             
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age 
                    and for any valid combination of covariates
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, p, pstart, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvaraff, invalidvarcomb, nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart, \
                 firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<h4>Parameter line 2</h4><ul><li>Tolerance for the convergence of the likelihood: ftol=%g \n<li>Interval for the elementary matrix (in month): stepm=%d",\
             ftol, stepm);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li>Number of fixed dummy covariates: ncovcol=%d ", ncovcol);
     ncurrv=1;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncovcol; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li> Number of fixed quantitative variables: nqv=%d ", nqv); 
     ncurrv=i;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncurrv-1+nqv; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li> Number of time varying (wave varying) covariates: ntv=%d ", ntv);
     ncurrv=i;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncurrv-1+ntv; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li>Number of quantitative time varying covariates: nqtv=%d ", nqtv);
     ncurrv=i;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncurrv-1+nqtv; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li>Weights column \n<br>Number of alive states: nlstate=%d <br>Number of death states (not really implemented): ndeath=%d \n<li>Number of waves: maxwav=%d \n<li>Parameter for maximization (1), using parameter values (0), for design of parameters and variance-covariance matrix: mle=%d \n<li>Does the weight column be taken into account (1), or not (0): weight=%d</ul>\n", \
              nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<h4> Diagram of states <a href=\"%s_.svg\">%s_.svg</a></h4> \n\
   <img src=\"%s_.svg\">", subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"));
   
     
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h4>Some descriptive statistics </h4>\n<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
     imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
   
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     /* For mortality only */
     if (mle==-3){
       ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); 
       for(i=1;i<=NDIM;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=0.;
       /*     ximort=gsl_matrix_alloc(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); */
       cens=ivector(1,n);
       ageexmed=vector(1,n);
       agecens=vector(1,n);
       dcwave=ivector(1,n);
                   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         dcwave[i]=-1;
         for (m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++)
           if (s[m][i]>nlstate) {
             dcwave[i]=m;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
       
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];
           agecens[i]=1.; 
           
           if (ageexmed[i]> 1 && wav[i] > 0){
             agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
             cens[i]= 1;
           }else if (ageexmed[i]< 1) 
             cens[i]= -1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP && agedc[i]>1 && dcwave[i]>firstpass && dcwave[i]<=lastpass)
             cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
       
       /*p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083;*/
       /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
       
       
   #ifdef GSL
       printf("GSL optimization\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   #else
       printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   #endif
       strcpy(filerespow,"POW-MORT_"); 
       strcat(filerespow,fileresu);
       if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       }
   #ifdef GSL
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# GSL optimization\n# iter -2*LL");
   #else
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
   #endif
       /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
           if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       */
       fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   #ifdef GSL
       /* gsl starts here */ 
       T = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_nmsimplex;
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer *sfm = NULL;
       gsl_vector *ss, *x;
       gsl_multimin_function minex_func;
   
       /* Initial vertex size vector */
       ss = gsl_vector_alloc (NDIM);
       
       if (ss == NULL){
         GSL_ERROR_VAL ("failed to allocate space for ss", GSL_ENOMEM, 0);
       }
       /* Set all step sizes to 1 */
       gsl_vector_set_all (ss, 0.001);
   
       /* Starting point */
       
       x = gsl_vector_alloc (NDIM);
       
       if (x == NULL){
         gsl_vector_free(ss);
         GSL_ERROR_VAL ("failed to allocate space for x", GSL_ENOMEM, 0);
       }
     
       /* Initialize method and iterate */
       /*     p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083; */
       /*     gsl_vector_set(x, 0, 0.0268); */
       /*     gsl_vector_set(x, 1, 0.083); */
       gsl_vector_set(x, 0, p[1]);
       gsl_vector_set(x, 1, p[2]);
   
       minex_func.f = &gompertz_f;
       minex_func.n = NDIM;
       minex_func.params = (void *)&p; /* ??? */
       
       sfm = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_alloc (T, NDIM);
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer_set (sfm, &minex_func, x, ss);
       
       printf("Iterations beginning .....\n\n");
       printf("Iter. #    Intercept       Slope     -Log Likelihood     Simplex size\n");
   
       iteri=0;
       while (rval == GSL_CONTINUE){
         iteri++;
         status = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_iterate(sfm);
         
         if (status) printf("error: %s\n", gsl_strerror (status));
         fflush(0);
         
         if (status) 
           break;
         
         rval = gsl_multimin_test_size (gsl_multimin_fminimizer_size (sfm), 1e-6);
         ssval = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_size (sfm);
         
         if (rval == GSL_SUCCESS)
           printf ("converged to a local maximum at\n");
         
         printf("%5d ", iteri);
         for (it = 0; it < NDIM; it++){
           printf ("%10.5f ", gsl_vector_get (sfm->x, it));
         }
         printf("f() = %-10.5f ssize = %.7f\n", sfm->fval, ssval);
       }
       
       printf("\n\n Please note: Program should be run many times with varying starting points to detemine global maximum\n\n");
       
       gsl_vector_free(x); /* initial values */
       gsl_vector_free(ss); /* inital step size */
       for (it=0; it<NDIM; it++){
         p[it+1]=gsl_vector_get(sfm->x,it);
         fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[it]);
       }
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer_free (sfm); /* p *(sfm.x.data) et p *(sfm.x.data+1)  */
   #endif
   #ifdef POWELL
        powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
   #endif  
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, hess, p, NDIM, delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
                                   matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
                                   printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
                                   fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");  fprintf(ficlog,"\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
         fprintf(ficlog,"%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
       }
       lsurv=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       tpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lsurv[agegomp]=100000;
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<=AGESUP;k++) {
         agemortsup=k;
         if (p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp))>1) break;
       }
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++)
         lsurv[k+1]=lsurv[k]-lsurv[k]*(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)));
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++){
         lpop[k]=(lsurv[k]+lsurv[k+1])/2.;
         sumlpop=sumlpop+lpop[k];
       }
       
       tpop[agegomp]=sumlpop;
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-3);k++){
         /*  tpop[k+1]=2;*/
         tpop[k+1]=tpop[k]-lpop[k];
       }
       
       
       printf("\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)\n");
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
         printf("%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
       
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
                   ageminpar=50;
                   agemaxpar=100;
       if(ageminpar == AGEOVERFLOW ||agemaxpar == AGEOVERFLOW){
           printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
       }else{
                           printf("Warning! ageminpar %f and agemaxpar %f have been fixed because for simplification until it is fixed...\n\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
                           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! ageminpar %f and agemaxpar %f have been fixed because for simplification until it is fixed...\n\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         printinggnuplotmort(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
                   }
       printinghtmlmort(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
       
       free_vector(lsurv,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(lpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(tpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_matrix(ximort,1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
       free_ivector(cens,1,n);
       free_vector(agecens,1,n);
       free_ivector(dcwave,1,n);
   #ifdef GSL
   #endif
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 mortality only */
     /* Standard  */
     else{ /* For mle !=- 3, could be 0 or 1 or 4 etc. */
       globpr=0;/* Computes sum of likelihood for globpr=1 and funcone */
       /* Computes likelihood for initial parameters, uses funcone to compute gpimx and gsw */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2, Real Maximization */
         /* mlikeli uses func not funcone */
         /* for(i=1;i<nlstate;i++){ */
         /*        /\*reducing xi for 1 to npar to 1 to ncovmodel; *\/ */
         /*    mlikeli(ficres,p, ncovmodel, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, funcnoprod); */
         /* } */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       if(mle==0) {/* No optimization, will print the likelihoods for the datafile */
         globpr=0;/* Computes sum of likelihood for globpr=1 and funcone */
         /* Computes likelihood for initial parameters, uses funcone to compute gpimx and gsw */
         likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       }
       globpr=1; /* again, to print the individual contributions using computed gpimx and gsw */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       /* fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model); */
       
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           if (k != i) {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       if(mle != 0){
         /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix only at a peak of the Likelihood, that is after optimization */
         ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
         hesscov(matcov, hess, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
         printf("Parameters and 95%% confidence intervals\n W is simply the result of the division of the parameter by the square root of covariance of the parameter.\n And Wald-based confidence intervals plus and minus 1.96 * W .\n But be careful that parameters are highly correlated because incidence of disability is highly correlated to incidence of recovery.\n It might be better to visualize the covariance matrix. See the page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' and its graphs.\n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "Parameters, Wald tests and Wald-based confidence intervals\n W is simply the result of the division of the parameter by the square root of covariance of the parameter.\n And Wald-based confidence intervals plus and minus 1.96 * W \n  It might be better to visualize the covariance matrix. See the page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' and its graphs.\n");
         for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
             if (k != i) {
               printf("%d%d ",i,k);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
               for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                 printf("%12.7f W=%8.3f CI=[%12.7f ; %12.7f] ",p[jk], p[jk]/sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]), p[jk]-1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]),p[jk]+1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]));
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f W=%8.3f CI=[%12.7f ; %12.7f] ",p[jk], p[jk]/sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]), p[jk]-1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]),p[jk]+1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]));
                 jk++; 
               }
               printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             }
           }
         }
       } /* end of hesscov and Wald tests */
       
       /*  */
       fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if (j!=i) {
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       if(mle >= 1) /* To big for the screen */
         printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
       /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
       /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
       */
       for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
         jj=0;
         for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             if(j==i) continue;
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               jj++;
               ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
               if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
       
       /* while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){ */
       /*   ungetc(c,ficpar); */
       /*   fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar); */
       /*   fputs(line,stdout); */
       /*   fputs(line,ficparo); */
       /* } */
       /* ungetc(c,ficpar); */
       
       estepm=0;
       if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm, &ftolpl)) !=EOF){
         
         if (num_filled != 6) {
           printf("Error: Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",line);
           goto end;
         }
         printf("agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar, bage, fage, estepm, ftolpl);
       }
       /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
       /*ftolpl=6.e-4;*/ /* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
       
       /* fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm); */
       if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
       if (fage <= 2) {
         bage = ageminpar;
         fage = agemaxpar;
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
       fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d ftolpl=%e\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm, ftolpl);
       fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d, ftolpl=%e\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm, ftolpl);
                   
       /* Other stuffs, more or less useful */    
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
   
       if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav)) !=EOF){
         
         if (num_filled != 7) {
           printf("Error: Not 7 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:begin-prev-date=1/1/1990 end-prev-date=1/6/2004  mov_average=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 7 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:begin-prev-date=1/1/1990 end-prev-date=1/6/2004  mov_average=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           goto end;
         }
         printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       }
   
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
       
       
       dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
       dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
       
       if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased)) !=EOF){
         if (num_filled != 1) {
           printf("Error: Not 1 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:pop_based=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 1 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example: pop_based=1\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           goto end;
         }
         printf("pop_based=%d\n",popbased);
         fprintf(ficlog,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);
         fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
         fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       }
        
       /* Results */
       nresult=0;
       do{
         if(!fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)){
           endishere=1;
           parameterline=14;
         }else if (line[0] == '#') {
           /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           continue;
         }else if(sscanf(line,"prevforecast=%[^\n]\n",modeltemp))
           parameterline=11;
         else if(sscanf(line,"backcast=%[^\n]\n",modeltemp))
           parameterline=12;
         else if(sscanf(line,"result:%[^\n]\n",modeltemp))
           parameterline=13;
         else{
           parameterline=14;
         }
         switch (parameterline){ 
         case 11:
           if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj)) !=EOF){
             if (num_filled != 8) {
               printf("Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:prevforecast=1 starting-proj-date=1/1/1990 final-proj-date=1/1/2000 mobil_average=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:prevforecast=1 starting-proj-date=1/1/1990 final-proj-date=1/1/2000 mov_average=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
               goto end;
             }
             fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
             dateproj1=anproj1+(mproj1-1)/12.+(jproj1-1)/365.;
             dateproj2=anproj2+(mproj2-1)/12.+(jproj2-1)/365.;
   
           }
           break;
         case 12:
           /*fscanf(ficpar,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&backcast,&jback1,&mback1,&anback1,&jback2,&mback2,&anback2,&mobilavproj);*/
           if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&backcast,&jback1,&mback1,&anback1,&jback2,&mback2,&anback2,&mobilavproj)) !=EOF){
             if (num_filled != 8) {
               printf("Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:backcast=1 starting-back-date=1/1/1990 final-back-date=1/1/1970 mobil_average=1\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:backcast=1 starting-back-date=1/1/1990 final-back-date=1/1/1970 mobil_average=1\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
               goto end;
             }
             printf("backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficparo,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficres,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
             dateback1=anback1+(mback1-1)/12.+(jback1-1)/365.;
             dateback2=anback2+(mback2-1)/12.+(jback2-1)/365.;
           }
           break;
         case 13:
           if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"result:%[^\n]\n",resultline)) !=EOF){
             if (num_filled == 0){
               resultline[0]='\0';
               printf("Warning %d: no result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.\n%s\n", num_filled, line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d: no result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.\n%s\n", num_filled, line);
               break;
             } else if (num_filled != 1){
               printf("ERROR %d: result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.' %s\n",num_filled, line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR %d: result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.' %s\n",num_filled, line);
             }
             nresult++; /* Sum of resultlines */
             printf("Result %d: result=%s\n",nresult, resultline);
             if(nresult > MAXRESULTLINES){
               printf("ERROR: Current version of IMaCh limits the number of resultlines to %d, you used %d\n",MAXRESULTLINES,nresult);
               fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR: Current version of IMaCh limits the number of resultlines to %d, you used %d\n",MAXRESULTLINES,nresult);
               goto end;
             }
             decoderesult(resultline, nresult); /* Fills TKresult[nresult] combination and Tresult[nresult][k4+1] combination values */
             fprintf(ficparo,"result: %s\n",resultline);
             fprintf(ficres,"result: %s\n",resultline);
             fprintf(ficlog,"result: %s\n",resultline);
             break;
           case 14: 
             if(ncovmodel >2 && nresult==0 ){
               printf("ERROR: no result lines! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.' %s\n",line);
               goto end;
             }
             break;
           default:
             nresult=1;
             decoderesult(".",nresult ); /* No covariate */
           }
         } /* End switch parameterline */
       }while(endishere==0); /* End do */
       
       /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint); */
       /* ,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2); */
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       if(ageminpar == AGEOVERFLOW ||agemaxpar == -AGEOVERFLOW){
         printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
       }else{
         /* printinggnuplot(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, prevfcast, backcast, pathc,p, (int)anproj1-(int)agemin, (int)anback1-(int)agemax+1); */
         printinggnuplot(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage, fage, prevfcast, backcast, pathc,p, (int)anproj1-bage, (int)anback1-fage);
       }
       printinghtml(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt, \
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,mobilav,prevfcast,mobilavproj,backcast, estepm, \
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,dateprev1, dateproj1, dateback1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2,dateprev2,dateproj2, dateback2);
                   
       /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
       /*  chdir(path); */
                   
       /* free_ivector(wav,1,imx); */  /* Moved after last prevalence call */
       /* free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); */
       /* free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); */
       /* free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);    */
       free_lvector(num,1,n);
       free_vector(agedc,1,n);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
                   
                   
       /* Other results (useful)*/
                   
                   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
       /*#include "prevlim.h"*/  /* Use ficrespl, ficlog */
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       prevalence_limit(p, prlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar, ftolpl, &ncvyear);
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
       /*#include "hpijx.h"*/
       hPijx(p, bage, fage);
       fclose(ficrespij);
       
       /* ncovcombmax=  pow(2,cptcoveff); */
       /*-------------- Variance of one-step probabilities---*/
       k=1;
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
       
       /* Prevalence for each covariate combination in probs[age][status][cov] */
       probs= ma3x(AGEINF,AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
       for(i=AGEINF;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* ndeath is useless but a necessity to be compared with mobaverages */
           for(k=1;k<=ncovcombmax;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
       prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, 
                  ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       if (mobilav!=0 ||mobilavproj !=0 ) {
         mobaverages= ma3x(AGEINF, AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
         for(i=AGEINF;i<=AGESUP;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
             for(k=1;k<=ncovcombmax;k++)
               mobaverages[i][j][k]=0.;
         mobaverage=mobaverages;
         if (mobilav!=0) {
           printf("Movingaveraging observed prevalence\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"Movingaveraging observed prevalence\n");
           if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, mobaverage, mobilav)!=0){
             fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
             printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           }
         } else if (mobilavproj !=0) {
           printf("Movingaveraging projected observed prevalence\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"Movingaveraging projected observed prevalence\n");
           if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, mobaverage, mobilavproj)!=0){
             fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilavproj=%d\n",mobilavproj);
             printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilavproj=%d\n",mobilavproj);
           }
         }else{
           printf("Internal error moving average\n");
           fflush(stdout);
           exit(1);
         }
       }/* end if moving average */
       
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       if(prevfcast==1){
         /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileresu, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, mobaverage, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
       }
   
       /* Backcasting */
       if(backcast==1){
         ddnewms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        
         ddoldms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        
         ddsavms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
         /*--------------- Back Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
   
         bprlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
         back_prevalence_limit(p, bprlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar, ftolpl, &ncvyear, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass, mobilavproj);
         fclose(ficresplb);
   
         hBijx(p, bage, fage, mobaverage);
         fclose(ficrespijb);
   
         prevbackforecast(fileresu, mobaverage, anback1, mback1, jback1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,
                          mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anback2, p, cptcoveff);
         varbprlim(fileresu, nresult, mobaverage, mobilavproj, bage, fage, bprlim, &ncvyear, ftolpl, p, matcov, delti, stepm, cptcoveff);
   
         
         free_matrix(bprlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
         free_matrix(ddnewms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
         free_matrix(ddsavms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
         free_matrix(ddoldms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
       }    /* end  Backcasting */
    
    
       /* ------ Other prevalence ratios------------ */
   
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);   
                   
                   
       /*---------- Health expectancies, no variances ------------*/
                   
       strcpy(filerese,"E_");
       strcat(filerese,fileresu);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' ...", filerese);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' ...", filerese);fflush(ficlog);
   
       pstamp(ficreseij);
                   
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
       
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         printf("\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficreseij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, strstart, nres);  
         
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
       fclose(ficreseij);
       printf("done evsij\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done evsij\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
                   
       /*---------- State-specific expectancies and variances ------------*/
                   
       strcpy(filerest,"T_");
       strcat(filerest,fileresu);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' ...\n", filerest); fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' ...\n", filerest); fflush(ficlog);
       strcpy(fileresstde,"STDE_");
       strcat(fileresstde,fileresu);
       if((ficresstdeij=fopen(fileresstde,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with State specific Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with State specific Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
       }
       printf("  Computing State-specific Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
       fprintf(ficlog,"  Computing State-specific Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
   
       strcpy(filerescve,"CVE_");
       strcat(filerescve,fileresu);
       if((ficrescveij=fopen(filerescve,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Covar. State-specific Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Covar. State-specific Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
       }
       printf("    Computing Covar. of State-specific Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
       fprintf(ficlog,"    Computing Covar. of State-specific Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
   
       strcpy(fileresv,"V_");
       strcat(fileresv,fileresu);
       if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       }
       printf("      Computing Variance-covariance of State-specific Expectancies: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"      Computing Variance-covariance of State-specific Expectancies: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(ficlog);
   
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
       
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         printf("\n#****** Result for:");
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** Result for:");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** Result for:");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++){ 
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficrest," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         
         fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n#****** ");
         fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficresstdeij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficrescveij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresstdeij,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrescveij,"******\n");
         
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         /* pstamp(ficresvij); */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficresvij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
         
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         printf(" cvevsij ");
         fprintf(ficlog, " cvevsij ");
         cvevsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart, nres);
         printf(" end cvevsij \n ");
         fprintf(ficlog, " end cvevsij \n ");
         
         /*
          */
         /* goto endfree; */
         
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         pstamp(ficrest);
         
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms; /* ZZ Segmentation fault */
           cptcod= 0; /* To be deleted */
           printf("varevsij vpopbased=%d \n",vpopbased);
           fprintf(ficlog, "varevsij vpopbased=%d \n",vpopbased);
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,vpopbased,mobilav, strstart, nres); /* cptcod not initialized Intel */
           fprintf(ficrest,"# Total life expectancy with std error and decomposition into time to be expected in each health state\n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
           if(vpopbased==1)
             fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d)\n",mobilav);
           else
             fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific forward period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           fprintf(ficrest,"# Age popbased mobilav e.. (std) ");
           for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           /* printf("Which p?\n"); for(i=1;i<=npar;i++)printf("p[i=%d]=%lf,",i,p[i]);printf("\n"); */
           printf("Computing age specific forward period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"Computing age specific forward period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, nres); /*ZZ Is it the correct prevalim */
             if (vpopbased==1) {
               if(mobilav ==0){
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
               }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
               }
             }
             
             fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f %d %d",age, vpopbased, mobilav);
             /* fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f %d %d %d %d",age, vpopbased, mobilav,Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */ /* to be done */
             /* printf(" age %4.0f ",age); */
             for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
               for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
                 epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
                 /*ZZZ  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
                 /* printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]); */
               }
               epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
             }
             /* printf(" age %4.0f \n",age); */
             
             for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                 vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
             }
             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           }
         } /* End vpopbased */
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         printf("done selection\n");fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,"done selection\n");fflush(ficlog);
         
       } /* End k selection */
   
       printf("done State-specific expectancies\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done State-specific expectancies\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
       /* variance-covariance of forward period prevalence*/
       varprlim(fileresu, nresult, mobaverage, mobilavproj, bage, fage, prlim, &ncvyear, ftolpl, p, matcov, delti, stepm, cptcoveff);
   
       
       free_vector(weight,1,n);
       free_imatrix(Tvard,1,NCOVMAX,1,2);
       free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
       free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_ivector(cod,1,n);
       free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       fclose(ficresstdeij);
       fclose(ficrescveij);
       fclose(ficresvij);
       fclose(ficrest);
       fclose(ficpar);
       
       
       /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
       if (mobilav!=0 ||mobilavproj !=0)
         free_ma3x(mobaverages,AGEINF, AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax); /* We need to have a squared matrix with prevalence of the dead! */
       free_ma3x(probs,AGEINF,AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
       free_matrix(prlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
       free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
     /* endfree:*/
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     if(ntv+nqtv>=1)free_ma3x(cotvar,1,maxwav,1,ntv+nqtv,1,n);
     if(nqtv>=1)free_ma3x(cotqvar,1,maxwav,1,nqtv,1,n);
     if(nqv>=1)free_matrix(coqvar,1,nqv,1,n);
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(paramstart,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(ncodemaxwundef,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Dummy,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Fixed,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(DummyV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(FixedV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Typevar,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarF,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarA,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarAind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvarsel,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_vector(Tvalsel,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tposprod,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(invalidvarcomb,1,ncovcombmax);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tmodelind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TmodelInvind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TmodelInvQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     
     free_imatrix(nbcode,0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
     /* free_imatrix(codtab,1,100,1,10); */
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
     
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings. Please look at the log file for details.\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d. Please look at the log file for details.\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     /*(void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);*/
     rend_time = time(NULL);  
     end_time = *localtime(&rend_time);
     /* tml = *localtime(&end_time.tm_sec); */
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&end_time));
     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
     
     printf("Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
     
   
   /* Executes gnuplot */
     
     printf("Before Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
   #ifdef WIN32
     if (_chdir(pathcd) != 0)
       printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n",path);
     if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0)
   #else
       if(chdir(pathcd) != 0)
         printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n", path);
     if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0)
   #endif 
       printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     /*strcat(plotcmd,CHARSEPARATOR);*/
     sprintf(plotcmd,"gnuplot");
   #ifdef _WIN32
     sprintf(plotcmd,"\"%sgnuplot.exe\"",pathimach);
   #endif
     if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
       printf("Error or gnuplot program not found: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       if(!stat(getenv("GNUPLOTBIN"),&info)){
         printf("Error or gnuplot program not found: '%s' Environment GNUPLOTBIN not set.\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #ifdef __unix
       strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
       if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #endif
     }else
       strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
     
     sprintf(plotcmd,"%s %s",pplotcmd, optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf("gnuplot command might not be in your path: '%s', err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
       printf("\n Trying if gnuplot resides on the same directory that IMaCh\n");
       sprintf(plotcmd,"%sgnuplot %s", pathimach, optionfilegnuplot);
       if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0)
         printf("\n Still a problem with gnuplot command %s, err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
     }
     printf(" Successful, please wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit results with your browser, g to graph again and q for exit: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') {
   #ifdef __APPLE__
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "open %s", optionfilehtm);
   #elif __linux
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "xdg-open %s", optionfilehtm);
   #else
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "%s", optionfilehtm);
   #endif
         printf("Starting browser with: %s",pplotcmd);fflush(stdout);
         system(pplotcmd);
       }
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
   end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: "); fflush(stdout);
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
     printf("End\n");
     exit(0);
   }

Removed from v.1.51  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.289


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