Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.51 and 1.303

version 1.51, 2002/07/19 12:22:25 version 1.303, 2021/02/11 19:50:15
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain    $State$
     $Log$
   Short summary of the programme:    Revision 1.303  2021/02/11 19:50:15  brouard
      *  (Module): imach.c Someone entered 'results:' instead of 'result:'. Now it is an error which is printed.
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from  
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    Revision 1.302  2020/02/22 21:00:05  brouard
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    *  (Module): imach.c Update mle=-3 (for computing Life expectancy
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the    and life table from the data without any state)
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a  
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    Revision 1.301  2019/06/04 13:51:20  brouard
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    Summary: Error in 'r'parameter file backcast yearsbproj instead of yearsfproj
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a  
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the    Revision 1.300  2019/05/22 19:09:45  brouard
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    Summary: version 0.99r19 of May 2019
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the  
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave    Revision 1.299  2019/05/22 18:37:08  brouard
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    Summary: Cleaned 0.99r19
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where  
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more    Revision 1.298  2019/05/22 18:19:56  brouard
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    *** empty log message ***
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites  
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the    Revision 1.297  2019/05/22 17:56:10  brouard
   convergence.    Summary: Fix bug by moving date2dmy and nhstepm which gaefin=-1
   
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    Revision 1.296  2019/05/20 13:03:18  brouard
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    Summary: Projection syntax simplified
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an  
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into  
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.      We can now start projections, forward or backward, from the mean date
     of inteviews up to or down to a number of years of projection:
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h    prevforecast=1 yearsfproj=15.3 mobil_average=0
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be    or
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    prevforecast=1 starting-proj-date=1/1/2007 final-proj-date=12/31/2017 mobil_average=0
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,    or
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    prevbackcast=1 yearsbproj=12.3 mobil_average=1
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    or
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply    prevbackcast=1 starting-back-date=1/10/1999 final-back-date=1/1/1985 mobil_average=1
   hPijx.  
     Revision 1.295  2019/05/18 09:52:50  brouard
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Summary: doxygen tex bug
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.  
      Revision 1.294  2019/05/16 14:54:33  brouard
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    Summary: There was some wrong lines added
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.  
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    Revision 1.293  2019/05/09 15:17:34  brouard
   from the European Union.    *** empty log message ***
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and  
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    Revision 1.292  2019/05/09 14:17:20  brouard
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    Summary: Some updates
   **********************************************************************/  
      Revision 1.291  2019/05/09 13:44:18  brouard
 #include <math.h>    Summary: Before ncovmax
 #include <stdio.h>  
 #include <stdlib.h>    Revision 1.290  2019/05/09 13:39:37  brouard
 #include <unistd.h>    Summary: 0.99r18 unlimited number of individuals
   
 #define MAXLINE 256    The number n which was limited to 20,000 cases is now unlimited, from firstobs to lastobs. If the number is too for the virtual memory, probably an error will occur.
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"  
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/    Revision 1.289  2018/12/13 09:16:26  brouard
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    Summary: Bug for young ages (<-30) will be in r17
 /*#define DEBUG*/  
 #define windows    Revision 1.288  2018/05/02 20:58:27  brouard
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    Summary: Some bugs fixed
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */  
     Revision 1.287  2018/05/01 17:57:25  brouard
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    Summary: Bug fixed by providing frequencies only for non missing covariates
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  
     Revision 1.286  2018/04/27 14:27:04  brouard
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    Summary: some minor bugs
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    Revision 1.285  2018/04/21 21:02:16  brouard
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    Summary: Some bugs fixed, valgrind tested
 #define MAXN 20000  
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    Revision 1.284  2018/04/20 05:22:13  brouard
 #define AGESUP 130    Summary: Computing mean and stdeviation of fixed quantitative variables
 #define AGEBASE 40  
 #ifdef windows    Revision 1.283  2018/04/19 14:49:16  brouard
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'    Summary: Some minor bugs fixed
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'  
 #else    Revision 1.282  2018/02/27 22:50:02  brouard
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'    *** empty log message ***
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'  
 #endif    Revision 1.281  2018/02/27 19:25:23  brouard
     Summary: Adding second argument for quitting
 char version[80]="Imach version 0.8i, June 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";  
 int erreur; /* Error number */    Revision 1.280  2018/02/21 07:58:13  brouard
 int nvar;    Summary: 0.99r15
 int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;  
 int npar=NPARMAX;    New Makefile with recent VirtualBox 5.26. Bug in sqrt negatve in imach.c
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */  
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */    Revision 1.279  2017/07/20 13:35:01  brouard
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    Summary: temporary working
 int popbased=0;  
     Revision 1.278  2017/07/19 14:09:02  brouard
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    Summary: Bug for mobil_average=0 and prevforecast fixed(?)
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */    Revision 1.277  2017/07/17 08:53:49  brouard
 int mle, weightopt;    Summary: BOM files can be read now
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    Revision 1.276  2017/06/30 15:48:31  brouard
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    Summary: Graphs improvements
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */  
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    Revision 1.275  2017/06/30 13:39:33  brouard
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;    Summary: Saito's color
 FILE *ficlog;  
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;    Revision 1.274  2017/06/29 09:47:08  brouard
 FILE *ficresprobmorprev;    Summary: Version 0.99r14
 FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */  
 FILE *ficreseij;    Revision 1.273  2017/06/27 11:06:02  brouard
 char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: More documentation on projections
 FILE  *ficresvij;  
 char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.272  2017/06/27 10:22:40  brouard
 FILE  *ficresvpl;    Summary: Color of backprojection changed from 6 to 5(yellow)
 char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
 char title[MAXLINE];    Revision 1.271  2017/06/27 10:17:50  brouard
 char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: Some bug with rint
 char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];  
     Revision 1.270  2017/05/24 05:45:29  brouard
 char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];    *** empty log message ***
 char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */  
 char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.269  2017/05/23 08:39:25  brouard
 char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: Code into subroutine, cleanings
 char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];  
     Revision 1.268  2017/05/18 20:09:32  brouard
 char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: backprojection and confidence intervals of backprevalence
   
 #define NR_END 1    Revision 1.267  2017/05/13 10:25:05  brouard
 #define FREE_ARG char*    Summary: temporary save for backprojection
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10  
     Revision 1.266  2017/05/13 07:26:12  brouard
 #define NRANSI    Summary: Version 0.99r13 (improvements and bugs fixed)
 #define ITMAX 200  
     Revision 1.265  2017/04/26 16:22:11  brouard
 #define TOL 2.0e-4    Summary: imach 0.99r13 Some bugs fixed
   
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660    Revision 1.264  2017/04/26 06:01:29  brouard
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10    Summary: Labels in graphs
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  
     Revision 1.263  2017/04/24 15:23:15  brouard
 #define GOLD 1.618034    Summary: to save
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  
 #define TINY 1.0e-20    Revision 1.262  2017/04/18 16:48:12  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    Revision 1.261  2017/04/05 10:14:09  brouard
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    Summary: Bug in E_ as well as in T_ fixed nres-1 vs k1-1
    
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    Revision 1.260  2017/04/04 17:46:59  brouard
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    Summary: Gnuplot indexations fixed (humm)
   
 static double sqrarg;    Revision 1.259  2017/04/04 13:01:16  brouard
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)    Summary: Some errors to warnings only if date of death is unknown but status is death we could set to pi3
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  
     Revision 1.258  2017/04/03 10:17:47  brouard
 int imx;    Summary: Version 0.99r12
 int stepm;  
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    Some cleanings, conformed with updated documentation.
   
 int estepm;    Revision 1.257  2017/03/29 16:53:30  brouard
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/    Summary: Temp
   
 int m,nb;    Revision 1.256  2017/03/27 05:50:23  brouard
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;    Summary: Temporary
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;    Revision 1.255  2017/03/08 16:02:28  brouard
 double dateintmean=0;    Summary: IMaCh version 0.99r10 bugs in gnuplot fixed
   
 double *weight;    Revision 1.254  2017/03/08 07:13:00  brouard
 int **s; /* Status */    Summary: Fixing data parameter line
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;    Revision 1.253  2016/12/15 11:59:41  brouard
     Summary: 0.99 in progress
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    Revision 1.252  2016/09/15 21:15:37  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
 /**************** split *************************/  
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )    Revision 1.251  2016/09/15 15:01:13  brouard
 {    Summary: not working
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */    Revision 1.250  2016/09/08 16:07:27  brouard
     Summary: continue
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    Revision 1.249  2016/09/07 17:14:18  brouard
    s= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */    Summary: Starting values from frequencies
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */  
      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)    Revision 1.248  2016/09/07 14:10:18  brouard
        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/    *** empty log message ***
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  
       extern char       *getwd( );    Revision 1.247  2016/09/02 11:11:21  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  
 #else    Revision 1.246  2016/09/02 08:49:22  brouard
       extern char       *getcwd( );    *** empty log message ***
   
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {    Revision 1.245  2016/09/02 07:25:01  brouard
 #endif    *** empty log message ***
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  
       }    Revision 1.244  2016/09/02 07:17:34  brouard
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */    *** empty log message ***
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */    Revision 1.243  2016/09/02 06:45:35  brouard
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */    *** empty log message ***
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */    Revision 1.242  2016/08/30 15:01:20  brouard
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */    Summary: Fixing a lots
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  
    }    Revision 1.241  2016/08/29 17:17:25  brouard
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */    Summary: gnuplot problem in Back projection to fix
 #ifdef windows  
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    Revision 1.240  2016/08/29 07:53:18  brouard
 #else    Summary: Better
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  
 #endif    Revision 1.239  2016/08/26 15:51:03  brouard
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */    Summary: Improvement in Powell output in order to copy and paste
    s++;  
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */    Author:
    l1= strlen( name);  
    l2= strlen( s)+1;    Revision 1.238  2016/08/26 14:23:35  brouard
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);    Summary: Starting tests of 0.99
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;  
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */    Revision 1.237  2016/08/26 09:20:19  brouard
 }    Summary: to valgrind
   
     Revision 1.236  2016/08/25 10:50:18  brouard
 /******************************************/    *** empty log message ***
   
 void replace(char *s, char*t)    Revision 1.235  2016/08/25 06:59:23  brouard
 {    *** empty log message ***
   int i;  
   int lg=20;    Revision 1.234  2016/08/23 16:51:20  brouard
   i=0;    *** empty log message ***
   lg=strlen(t);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    Revision 1.233  2016/08/23 07:40:50  brouard
     (s[i] = t[i]);    Summary: not working
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  
   }    Revision 1.232  2016/08/22 14:20:21  brouard
 }    Summary: not working
   
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)    Revision 1.231  2016/08/22 07:17:15  brouard
 {    Summary: not working
   int i,j=0;  
   int lg=20;    Revision 1.230  2016/08/22 06:55:53  brouard
   i=0;    Summary: Not working
   lg=strlen(s);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    Revision 1.229  2016/07/23 09:45:53  brouard
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;    Summary: Completing for func too
   }  
   return j;    Revision 1.228  2016/07/22 17:45:30  brouard
 }    Summary: Fixing some arrays, still debugging
   
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)    Revision 1.226  2016/07/12 18:42:34  brouard
 {    Summary: temp
   /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it  
      and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)    Revision 1.225  2016/07/12 08:40:03  brouard
      gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */    Summary: saving but not running
   int i,lg,j,p=0;  
   i=0;    Revision 1.224  2016/07/01 13:16:01  brouard
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {    Summary: Fixes
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  
   }    Revision 1.223  2016/02/19 09:23:35  brouard
     Summary: temporary
   lg=strlen(t);  
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {    Revision 1.222  2016/02/17 08:14:50  brouard
     (u[j] = t[j]);    Summary: Probably last 0.98 stable version 0.98r6
   }  
      u[p]='\0';    Revision 1.221  2016/02/15 23:35:36  brouard
     Summary: minor bug
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {  
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);    Revision 1.219  2016/02/15 00:48:12  brouard
   }    *** empty log message ***
 }  
     Revision 1.218  2016/02/12 11:29:23  brouard
 /********************** nrerror ********************/    Summary: 0.99 Back projections
   
 void nrerror(char error_text[])    Revision 1.217  2015/12/23 17:18:31  brouard
 {    Summary: Experimental backcast
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);    Revision 1.216  2015/12/18 17:32:11  brouard
   exit(1);    Summary: 0.98r4 Warning and status=-2
 }  
 /*********************** vector *******************/    Version 0.98r4 is now:
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)     - displaying an error when status is -1, date of interview unknown and date of death known;
 {     - permitting a status -2 when the vital status is unknown at a known date of right truncation.
   double *v;    Older changes concerning s=-2, dating from 2005 have been supersed.
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    Revision 1.215  2015/12/16 08:52:24  brouard
   return v-nl+NR_END;    Summary: 0.98r4 working
 }  
     Revision 1.214  2015/12/16 06:57:54  brouard
 /************************ free vector ******************/    Summary: temporary not working
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  
 {    Revision 1.213  2015/12/11 18:22:17  brouard
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    Summary: 0.98r4
 }  
     Revision 1.212  2015/11/21 12:47:24  brouard
 /************************ivector *******************************/    Summary: minor typo
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)  
 {    Revision 1.211  2015/11/21 12:41:11  brouard
   int *v;    Summary: 0.98r3 with some graph of projected cross-sectional
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");    Author: Nicolas Brouard
   return v-nl+NR_END;  
 }    Revision 1.210  2015/11/18 17:41:20  brouard
     Summary: Start working on projected prevalences  Revision 1.209  2015/11/17 22:12:03  brouard
 /******************free ivector **************************/    Summary: Adding ftolpl parameter
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    Author: N Brouard
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    We had difficulties to get smoothed confidence intervals. It was due
 }    to the period prevalence which wasn't computed accurately. The inner
     parameter ftolpl is now an outer parameter of the .imach parameter
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/    file after estepm. If ftolpl is small 1.e-4 and estepm too,
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    computation are long.
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  
 {    Revision 1.208  2015/11/17 14:31:57  brouard
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    Summary: temporary
   int **m;  
      Revision 1.207  2015/10/27 17:36:57  brouard
   /* allocate pointers to rows */    *** empty log message ***
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    Revision 1.206  2015/10/24 07:14:11  brouard
   m += NR_END;    *** empty log message ***
   m -= nrl;  
      Revision 1.205  2015/10/23 15:50:53  brouard
      Summary: 0.98r3 some clarification for graphs on likelihood contributions
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */  
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    Revision 1.204  2015/10/01 16:20:26  brouard
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    Summary: Some new graphs of contribution to likelihood
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    Revision 1.203  2015/09/30 17:45:14  brouard
      Summary: looking at better estimation of the hessian
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  
      Also a better criteria for convergence to the period prevalence And
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */    therefore adding the number of years needed to converge. (The
   return m;    prevalence in any alive state shold sum to one
 }  
     Revision 1.202  2015/09/22 19:45:16  brouard
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/    Summary: Adding some overall graph on contribution to likelihood. Might change
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)  
       int **m;    Revision 1.201  2015/09/15 17:34:58  brouard
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    Summary: 0.98r0
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */  
 {    - Some new graphs like suvival functions
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    - Some bugs fixed like model=1+age+V2.
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));  
 }    Revision 1.200  2015/09/09 16:53:55  brouard
     Summary: Big bug thanks to Flavia
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    Even model=1+age+V2. did not work anymore
 {  
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    Revision 1.199  2015/09/07 14:09:23  brouard
   double **m;    Summary: 0.98q6 changing default small png format for graph to vectorized svg.
   
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    Revision 1.198  2015/09/03 07:14:39  brouard
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    Summary: 0.98q5 Flavia
   m += NR_END;  
   m -= nrl;    Revision 1.197  2015/09/01 18:24:39  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    Revision 1.196  2015/08/18 23:17:52  brouard
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    Summary: 0.98q5
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  
     Revision 1.195  2015/08/18 16:28:39  brouard
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    Summary: Adding a hack for testing purpose
   return m;  
 }    After reading the title, ftol and model lines, if the comment line has
     a q, starting with #q, the answer at the end of the run is quit. It
 /*************************free matrix ************************/    permits to run test files in batch with ctest. The former workaround was
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    $ echo q | imach foo.imach
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    Revision 1.194  2015/08/18 13:32:00  brouard
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    Summary:  Adding error when the covariance matrix doesn't contain the exact number of lines required by the model line.
 }  
     Revision 1.193  2015/08/04 07:17:42  brouard
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    Summary: 0.98q4
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  
 {    Revision 1.192  2015/07/16 16:49:02  brouard
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;    Summary: Fixing some outputs
   double ***m;  
     Revision 1.191  2015/07/14 10:00:33  brouard
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    Summary: Some fixes
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;    Revision 1.190  2015/05/05 08:51:13  brouard
   m -= nrl;    Summary: Adding digits in output parameters (7 digits instead of 6)
   
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    Fix 1+age+.
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    Revision 1.189  2015/04/30 14:45:16  brouard
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    Summary: 0.98q2
   
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    Revision 1.188  2015/04/30 08:27:53  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");    Revision 1.187  2015/04/29 09:11:15  brouard
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;    *** empty log message ***
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    Revision 1.186  2015/04/23 12:01:52  brouard
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    Summary: V1*age is working now, version 0.98q1
    
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {    Some codes had been disabled in order to simplify and Vn*age was
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;    working in the optimization phase, ie, giving correct MLE parameters,
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    but, as usual, outputs were not correct and program core dumped.
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;  
   }    Revision 1.185  2015/03/11 13:26:42  brouard
   return m;    Summary: Inclusion of compile and links command line for Intel Compiler
 }  
     Revision 1.184  2015/03/11 11:52:39  brouard
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/    Summary: Back from Windows 8. Intel Compiler
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)  
 {    Revision 1.183  2015/03/10 20:34:32  brouard
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));    Summary: 0.98q0, trying with directest, mnbrak fixed
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    We use directest instead of original Powell test; probably no
 }    incidence on the results, but better justifications;
     We fixed Numerical Recipes mnbrak routine which was wrong and gave
 /***************** f1dim *************************/    wrong results.
 extern int ncom;  
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;    Revision 1.182  2015/02/12 08:19:57  brouard
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);    Summary: Trying to keep directest which seems simpler and more general
      Author: Nicolas Brouard
 double f1dim(double x)  
 {    Revision 1.181  2015/02/11 23:22:24  brouard
   int j;    Summary: Comments on Powell added
   double f;  
   double *xt;    Author:
    
   xt=vector(1,ncom);    Revision 1.180  2015/02/11 17:33:45  brouard
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];    Summary: Finishing move from main to function (hpijx and prevalence_limit)
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);  
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);    Revision 1.179  2015/01/04 09:57:06  brouard
   return f;    Summary: back to OS/X
 }  
     Revision 1.178  2015/01/04 09:35:48  brouard
 /*****************brent *************************/    *** empty log message ***
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  
 {    Revision 1.177  2015/01/03 18:40:56  brouard
   int iter;    Summary: Still testing ilc32 on OSX
   double a,b,d,etemp;  
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    Revision 1.176  2015/01/03 16:45:04  brouard
   double ftemp;    *** empty log message ***
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;  
   double e=0.0;    Revision 1.175  2015/01/03 16:33:42  brouard
      *** empty log message ***
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    Revision 1.174  2015/01/03 16:15:49  brouard
   x=w=v=bx;    Summary: Still in cross-compilation
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {    Revision 1.173  2015/01/03 12:06:26  brouard
     xm=0.5*(a+b);    Summary: trying to detect cross-compilation
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/    Revision 1.172  2014/12/27 12:07:47  brouard
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);    Summary: Back from Visual Studio and Intel, options for compiling for Windows XP
     fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);  
 #ifdef DEBUG    Revision 1.171  2014/12/23 13:26:59  brouard
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    Summary: Back from Visual C
     fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */    Still problem with utsname.h on Windows
 #endif  
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    Revision 1.170  2014/12/23 11:17:12  brouard
       *xmin=x;    Summary: Cleaning some \%% back to %%
       return fx;  
     }    The escape was mandatory for a specific compiler (which one?), but too many warnings.
     ftemp=fu;  
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {    Revision 1.169  2014/12/22 23:08:31  brouard
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);    Summary: 0.98p
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);  
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;    Outputs some informations on compiler used, OS etc. Testing on different platforms.
       q=2.0*(q-r);  
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;    Revision 1.168  2014/12/22 15:17:42  brouard
       q=fabs(q);    Summary: update
       etemp=e;  
       e=d;    Revision 1.167  2014/12/22 13:50:56  brouard
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    Summary: Testing uname and compiler version and if compiled 32 or 64
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  
       else {    Testing on Linux 64
         d=p/q;  
         u=x+d;    Revision 1.166  2014/12/22 11:40:47  brouard
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    *** empty log message ***
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);  
       }    Revision 1.165  2014/12/16 11:20:36  brouard
     } else {    Summary: After compiling on Visual C
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  
     }    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  
     fu=(*f)(u);    Revision 1.164  2014/12/16 10:52:11  brouard
     if (fu <= fx) {    Summary: Merging with Visual C after suppressing some warnings for unused variables. Also fixing Saito's bug 0.98Xn
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;  
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)  
         } else {    Revision 1.163  2014/12/16 10:30:11  brouard
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {  
             v=w;    Revision 1.162  2014/09/25 11:43:39  brouard
             w=u;    Summary: temporary backup 0.99!
             fv=fw;  
             fw=fu;    Revision 1.1  2014/09/16 11:06:58  brouard
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {    Summary: With some code (wrong) for nlopt
             v=u;  
             fv=fu;    Author:
           }  
         }    Revision 1.161  2014/09/15 20:41:41  brouard
   }    Summary: Problem with macro SQR on Intel compiler
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");  
   *xmin=x;    Revision 1.160  2014/09/02 09:24:05  brouard
   return fx;    *** empty log message ***
 }  
     Revision 1.159  2014/09/01 10:34:10  brouard
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/    Summary: WIN32
     Author: Brouard
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  
             double (*func)(double))    Revision 1.158  2014/08/27 17:11:51  brouard
 {    *** empty log message ***
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;  
   double fu;    Revision 1.157  2014/08/27 16:26:55  brouard
      Summary: Preparing windows Visual studio version
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    Author: Brouard
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  
   if (*fb > *fa) {    In order to compile on Visual studio, time.h is now correct and time_t
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    and tm struct should be used. difftime should be used but sometimes I
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)    just make the differences in raw time format (time(&now).
       }    Trying to suppress #ifdef LINUX
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);    Add xdg-open for __linux in order to open default browser.
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);  
   while (*fb > *fc) {    Revision 1.156  2014/08/25 20:10:10  brouard
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);    *** empty log message ***
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);  
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/    Revision 1.155  2014/08/25 18:32:34  brouard
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));    Summary: New compile, minor changes
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);    Author: Brouard
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {  
       fu=(*func)(u);    Revision 1.154  2014/06/20 17:32:08  brouard
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {    Summary: Outputs now all graphs of convergence to period prevalence
       fu=(*func)(u);  
       if (fu < *fc) {    Revision 1.153  2014/06/20 16:45:46  brouard
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))    Summary: If 3 live state, convergence to period prevalence on same graph
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))    Author: Brouard
           }  
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {    Revision 1.152  2014/06/18 17:54:09  brouard
       u=ulim;    Summary: open browser, use gnuplot on same dir than imach if not found in the path
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     } else {    Revision 1.151  2014/06/18 16:43:30  brouard
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    *** empty log message ***
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     }    Revision 1.150  2014/06/18 16:42:35  brouard
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)    Summary: If gnuplot is not in the path try on same directory than imach binary (OSX)
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)    Author: brouard
       }  
 }    Revision 1.149  2014/06/18 15:51:14  brouard
     Summary: Some fixes in parameter files errors
 /*************** linmin ************************/    Author: Nicolas Brouard
   
 int ncom;    Revision 1.148  2014/06/17 17:38:48  brouard
 double *pcom,*xicom;    Summary: Nothing new
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);    Author: Brouard
    
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))    Just a new packaging for OS/X version 0.98nS
 {  
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,    Revision 1.147  2014/06/16 10:33:11  brouard
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    *** empty log message ***
   double f1dim(double x);  
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,    Revision 1.146  2014/06/16 10:20:28  brouard
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    Summary: Merge
   int j;    Author: Brouard
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;  
   double fx,fb,fa;    Merge, before building revised version.
    
   ncom=n;    Revision 1.145  2014/06/10 21:23:15  brouard
   pcom=vector(1,n);    Summary: Debugging with valgrind
   xicom=vector(1,n);    Author: Nicolas Brouard
   nrfunc=func;  
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    Lot of changes in order to output the results with some covariates
     pcom[j]=p[j];    After the Edimburgh REVES conference 2014, it seems mandatory to
     xicom[j]=xi[j];    improve the code.
   }    No more memory valgrind error but a lot has to be done in order to
   ax=0.0;    continue the work of splitting the code into subroutines.
   xx=1.0;    Also, decodemodel has been improved. Tricode is still not
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);    optimal. nbcode should be improved. Documentation has been added in
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    the source code.
 #ifdef DEBUG  
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    Revision 1.143  2014/01/26 09:45:38  brouard
   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    Summary: Version 0.98nR (to be improved, but gives same optimization results as 0.98k. Nice, promising
 #endif  
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
     xi[j] *= xmin;    (Module): Version 0.98nR Running ok, but output format still only works for three covariates.
     p[j] += xi[j];  
   }    Revision 1.142  2014/01/26 03:57:36  brouard
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);    Summary: gnuplot changed plot w l 1 has to be changed to plot w l lt 2
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);  
 }    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
   
 /*************** powell ************************/    Revision 1.141  2014/01/26 02:42:01  brouard
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
             double (*func)(double []))  
 {    Revision 1.140  2011/09/02 10:37:54  brouard
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,    Summary: times.h is ok with mingw32 now.
               double (*func)(double []));  
   int i,ibig,j;    Revision 1.139  2010/06/14 07:50:17  brouard
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;    After the theft of my laptop, I probably lost some lines of codes which were not uploaded to the CVS tree.
   double fp,fptt;    I remember having already fixed agemin agemax which are pointers now but not cvs saved.
   double *xits;  
   pt=vector(1,n);    Revision 1.138  2010/04/30 18:19:40  brouard
   ptt=vector(1,n);    *** empty log message ***
   xit=vector(1,n);  
   xits=vector(1,n);    Revision 1.137  2010/04/29 18:11:38  brouard
   *fret=(*func)(p);    (Module): Checking covariates for more complex models
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    than V1+V2. A lot of change to be done. Unstable.
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {  
     fp=(*fret);    Revision 1.136  2010/04/26 20:30:53  brouard
     ibig=0;    (Module): merging some libgsl code. Fixing computation
     del=0.0;    of likelione (using inter/intrapolation if mle = 0) in order to
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    get same likelihood as if mle=1.
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    Some cleaning of code and comments added.
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)  
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    Revision 1.135  2009/10/29 15:33:14  brouard
     fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    (Module): Now imach stops if date of birth, at least year of birth, is not given. Some cleaning of the code.
     printf("\n");  
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    Revision 1.134  2009/10/29 13:18:53  brouard
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    (Module): Now imach stops if date of birth, at least year of birth, is not given. Some cleaning of the code.
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];  
       fptt=(*fret);    Revision 1.133  2009/07/06 10:21:25  brouard
 #ifdef DEBUG    just nforces
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);  
       fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);    Revision 1.132  2009/07/06 08:22:05  brouard
 #endif    Many tings
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);  
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);    Revision 1.131  2009/06/20 16:22:47  brouard
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    Some dimensions resccaled
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {  
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    Revision 1.130  2009/05/26 06:44:34  brouard
         ibig=i;    (Module): Max Covariate is now set to 20 instead of 8. A
       }    lot of cleaning with variables initialized to 0. Trying to make
 #ifdef DEBUG    V2+V3*age+V1+V4 strb=V3*age+V1+V4 working better.
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));  
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    Revision 1.129  2007/08/31 13:49:27  lievre
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    Modification of the way of exiting when the covariate is not binary in order to see on the window the error message before exiting
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);  
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    Revision 1.128  2006/06/30 13:02:05  brouard
         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    (Module): Clarifications on computing e.j
       }  
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {    Revision 1.127  2006/04/28 18:11:50  brouard
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
         fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
       }    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
       printf("\n");    (Module): In order to speed up (in case of numerous covariates) we
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    compute health expectancies (without variances) in a first step
 #endif    and then all the health expectancies with variances or standard
     }    deviation (needs data from the Hessian matrices) which slows the
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    computation.
 #ifdef DEBUG    In the future we should be able to stop the program is only health
       int k[2],l;    expectancies and graph are needed without standard deviations.
       k[0]=1;  
       k[1]=-1;    Revision 1.126  2006/04/28 17:23:28  brouard
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
       fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);    Version 0.98h
         fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);  
       }    Revision 1.125  2006/04/04 15:20:31  lievre
       printf("\n");    Errors in calculation of health expectancies. Age was not initialized.
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    Forecasting file added.
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {  
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    Revision 1.124  2006/03/22 17:13:53  lievre
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];    Parameters are printed with %lf instead of %f (more numbers after the comma).
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    The log-likelihood is printed in the log file
           fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);  
         }    Revision 1.123  2006/03/20 10:52:43  brouard
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    * imach.c (Module): <title> changed, corresponds to .htm file
         fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    name. <head> headers where missing.
       }  
 #endif    * imach.c (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
     English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
     otherwise the weight is truncated).
       free_vector(xit,1,n);    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
       free_vector(xits,1,n);    1.
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);    Version 0.98g
       free_vector(pt,1,n);  
       return;    Revision 1.122  2006/03/20 09:45:41  brouard
     }    (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    otherwise the weight is truncated).
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];    1.
       pt[j]=p[j];    Version 0.98g
     }  
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);    Revision 1.121  2006/03/16 17:45:01  lievre
     if (fptt < fp) {    * imach.c (Module): Comments concerning covariates added
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);  
       if (t < 0.0) {    * imach.c (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];  
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];    Revision 1.120  2006/03/16 15:10:38  lievre
         }    (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
 #ifdef DEBUG    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);  
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++){    Revision 1.119  2006/03/15 17:42:26  brouard
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);    (Module): Bug if status = -2, the loglikelihood was
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);    computed as likelihood omitting the logarithm. Version O.98e
         }  
         printf("\n");    Revision 1.118  2006/03/14 18:20:07  brouard
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
 #endif    table of variances if popbased=1 .
       }    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
     }    (Module): Function pstamp added
   }    (Module): Version 0.98d
 }  
     Revision 1.117  2006/03/14 17:16:22  brouard
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
     table of variances if popbased=1 .
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
 {    (Module): Function pstamp added
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    (Module): Version 0.98d
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */  
     Revision 1.116  2006/03/06 10:29:27  brouard
   int i, ii,j,k;    (Module): Variance-covariance wrong links and
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;    varian-covariance of ej. is needed (Saito).
   double **matprod2();  
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();    Revision 1.115  2006/02/27 12:17:45  brouard
   double **newm;    (Module): One freematrix added in mlikeli! 0.98c
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */  
     Revision 1.114  2006/02/26 12:57:58  brouard
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    (Module): Some improvements in processing parameter
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    filename with strsep.
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
     }    Revision 1.113  2006/02/24 14:20:24  brouard
     (Module): Memory leaks checks with valgrind and:
    cov[1]=1.;    datafile was not closed, some imatrix were not freed and on matrix
      allocation too.
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */  
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){    Revision 1.112  2006/01/30 09:55:26  brouard
     newm=savm;    (Module): Back to gnuplot.exe instead of wgnuplot.exe
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */  
      cov[2]=agefin;    Revision 1.111  2006/01/25 20:38:18  brouard
      (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {    (Module): Comments can be added in data file. Missing date values
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    can be a simple dot '.'.
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/  
       }    Revision 1.110  2006/01/25 00:51:50  brouard
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    Revision 1.109  2006/01/24 19:37:15  brouard
     (Module): Comments (lines starting with a #) are allowed in data.
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/  
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/    Revision 1.108  2006/01/19 18:05:42  lievre
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/    Gnuplot problem appeared...
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);    To be fixed
   
     savm=oldm;    Revision 1.107  2006/01/19 16:20:37  brouard
     oldm=newm;    Test existence of gnuplot in imach path
     maxmax=0.;  
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){    Revision 1.106  2006/01/19 13:24:36  brouard
       min=1.;    Some cleaning and links added in html output
       max=0.;  
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {    Revision 1.105  2006/01/05 20:23:19  lievre
         sumnew=0;    *** empty log message ***
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];  
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);    Revision 1.104  2005/09/30 16:11:43  lievre
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);    (Module): If the status is missing at the last wave but we know
       }    that the person is alive, then we can code his/her status as -2
       maxmin=max-min;    (instead of missing=-1 in earlier versions) and his/her
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);    contributions to the likelihood is 1 - Prob of dying from last
     }    health status (= 1-p13= p11+p12 in the easiest case of somebody in
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){    the healthy state at last known wave). Version is 0.98
       return prlim;  
     }    Revision 1.103  2005/09/30 15:54:49  lievre
   }    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
 }  
     Revision 1.102  2004/09/15 17:31:30  brouard
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/    Add the possibility to read data file including tab characters.
   
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )    Revision 1.101  2004/09/15 10:38:38  brouard
 {    Fix on curr_time
   double s1, s2;  
   /*double t34;*/    Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;    Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
   
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){    *** empty log message ***
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/    Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
       }    state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
       ps[i][j]=s2;    This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
     }    cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    from other sources like vital statistic data.
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/  
       }    Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
       ps[i][j]=s2;    former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
     }  
   }    The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/    the slope with 95% confident intervals.
   
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    Current limitations:
      s1=0;    A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)  
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);    Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    suppressed.
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];  
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */    rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
   } /* end i */  
     Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){    * imach.c (Repository):
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){    (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
       ps[ii][jj]=0;    matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
       ps[ii][ii]=1;  
     }    Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
   }    Just cleaning
   
     Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);    (Module): Version 0.96b
    }  
     printf("\n ");    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
     }    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
 /*  
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);    Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
   goto end;*/    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
     return ps;    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
 }    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
     is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/    concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
   
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)    Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
 {    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */    of the covariance matrix to be input.
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized  
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
   long i, j, k;    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)    of the covariance matrix to be input.
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)  
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)    Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];    * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
   
   return out;    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
 }    Version 0.96
   
     Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
     routine fileappend.
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )  
 {    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
      duration (i.e. until    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    interview.
      included manually here.    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
     we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
      */    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
     truncation)
   int i, j, d, h, k;    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];  
   double **newm;    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    parcimony.
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
     }    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    *** empty log message ***
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){  
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
       newm=savm;    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */  
       cov[1]=1.;  */
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;  /*
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];     Interpolated Markov Chain
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)  
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    Short summary of the programme:
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies or State-specific
     (if states aren't health statuses) Expectancies from
     cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: 
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/  
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/    -1- a first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,    are interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));    the case of a health survey which is our main interest)
       savm=oldm;  
       oldm=newm;    -2- at least a second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which
     }    measure each change (if any) in individual health status.  Health
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    expectancies are computed from the time spent in each health state
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    according to a model. More health states you consider, more time is
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];    necessary to reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);    in the model.  The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model
          */    where pij is the probability to be observed in state j at the second
       }    wave conditional to be observed in state i at the first
   } /* end h */    wave. Therefore the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex +
   return po;    etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to
 }    have a more complex model than "constant and age", you should modify
     the program where the markup *Covariates have to be included here
     again* invites you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/    convergence.
 double func( double *x)  
 {    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   double **out;    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */  
   long ipmx;    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
   /*extern weight */    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   */    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   cov[1]=1.;    hPijx.
   
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){    of the life expectancies. It also computes the period (stable) prevalence.
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];  
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  Back prevalence and projections:
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)  
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);   - back_prevalence_limit(double *p, double **bprlim, double ageminpar,
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){     double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, double
         newm=savm;     dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass, int
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;     mobilavproj)
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {  
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];      Computes the back prevalence limit for any combination of
         }      covariate values k at any age between ageminpar and agemaxpar and
              returns it in **bprlim. In the loops,
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));     - **bprevalim(**bprlim, ***mobaverage, nlstate, *p, age, **oldm,
         savm=oldm;         **savm, **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
         oldm=newm;  
             - hBijx Back Probability to be in state i at age x-h being in j at x
             Computes for any combination of covariates k and any age between bage and fage 
       } /* end mult */     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
                                oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);  
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/     - hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k, nres);
       ipmx +=1;       Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
       sw += weight[i];       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
     } /* end of wave */       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
   } /* end of individual */  
        Returns p3mat[i][j][h] after calling
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];       p3mat[i][j][h]=matprod2(newm,
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */       bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm,
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */       dsavm,ij),\ 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   return -l;       oldm);
 }  
   Important routines
   
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/  - func (or funcone), computes logit (pij) distinguishing
     o fixed variables (single or product dummies or quantitative);
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))    o varying variables by:
 {     (1) wave (single, product dummies, quantitative), 
   int i,j, iter;     (2) by age (can be month) age (done), age*age (done), age*Vn where Vn can be:
   double **xi,*delti;         % fixed dummy (treated) or quantitative (not done because time-consuming);
   double fret;         % varying dummy (not done) or quantitative (not done);
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  - Tricode which tests the modality of dummy variables (in order to warn with wrong or empty modalities)
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    and returns the number of efficient covariates cptcoveff and modalities nbcode[Tvar[k]][1]= 0 and nbcode[Tvar[k]][2]= 1 usually.
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  - printinghtml which outputs results like life expectancy in and from a state for a combination of modalities of dummy variables
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    o There are 2*cptcoveff combinations of (0,1) for cptcoveff variables. Outputting only combinations with people, éliminating 1 1 if
   printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");      race White (0 0), Black vs White (1 0), Hispanic (0 1) and 1 1 being meaningless.
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);  
   
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));    
   fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
     This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
 }    from the European Union.
     It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
 {  
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
   double **hess;    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
   int i, j,jk;    
   int *indx;    **********************************************************************/
   /*
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);    main
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);    read parameterfile
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;    read datafile
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;    concatwav
     freqsummary
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    if (mle >= 1)
       mlikeli
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");    print results files
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");    if mle==1 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){       computes hessian
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);        begin-prev-date,...
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);    open gnuplot file
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/    open html file
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/    period (stable) prevalence      | pl_nom    1-1 2-2 etc by covariate
   }     for age prevalim()             | #****** V1=0  V2=1  V3=1  V4=0 ******
                                      | 65 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 0  0.96326 0.03674
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {      freexexit2 possible for memory heap.
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {  
       if (j>i) {    h Pij x                         | pij_nom  ficrestpij
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);     # Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j= 1-1 1-2     1-3     2-1     2-2     2-3
         fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);         1  85   85    1.00000             0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1.00000 0.00000
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);         1  85   86    0.68299             0.22291 0.09410 0.71093 0.00000 0.28907
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];      
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/         1  65   99    0.00364             0.00322 0.99314 0.00350 0.00310 0.99340
       }         1  65  100    0.00214             0.00204 0.99581 0.00206 0.00196 0.99597
     }    variance of p one-step probabilities varprob  | prob_nom   ficresprob #One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()
   }     Standard deviation of one-step probabilities | probcor_nom   ficresprobcor #One-step probabilities and correlation matrix
   printf("\n");     Matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities |  probcov_nom ficresprobcov #One-step probabilities and covariance matrix
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
     forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");    health expectancies
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");    Variance-covariance of DFLE
      prevalence()
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);     movingaverage()
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    varevsij() 
   x=vector(1,npar);    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
   indx=ivector(1,npar);    total life expectancies
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    Variance of period (stable) prevalence
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];   end
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);  */
   
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  /* #define DEBUG */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  /* #define DEBUGBRENT */
     x[j]=1;  /* #define DEBUGLINMIN */
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  /* #define DEBUGHESS */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  #define DEBUGHESSIJ
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];  /* #define LINMINORIGINAL  /\* Don't use loop on scale in linmin (accepting nan) *\/ */
     }  #define POWELL /* Instead of NLOPT */
   }  #define POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST /* Skip test */
   /* #define POWELLORIGINAL /\* Don't use Directest to decide new direction but original Powell test *\/ */
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  /* #define MNBRAKORIGINAL /\* Don't use mnbrak fix *\/ */
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  #include <math.h>
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  #include <stdio.h>
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);  #include <stdlib.h>
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);  #include <string.h>
     }  #include <ctype.h>
     printf("\n");  
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  #ifdef _WIN32
   }  #include <io.h>
   #include <windows.h>
   /* Recompute Inverse */  #include <tchar.h>
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  #else
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];  #include <unistd.h>
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);  #endif
   
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");  #include <limits.h>
   #include <sys/types.h>
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  #if defined(__GNUC__)
     x[j]=1;  #include <sys/utsname.h> /* Doesn't work on Windows */
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  #endif
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
       y[i][j]=x[i];  #include <sys/stat.h>
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);  #include <errno.h>
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);  /* extern int errno; */
     }  
     printf("\n");  /* #ifdef LINUX */
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  /* #include <time.h> */
   }  /* #include "timeval.h" */
   */  /* #else */
   /* #include <sys/time.h> */
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);  /* #endif */
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);  
   free_vector(x,1,npar);  #include <time.h>
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);  #ifdef GSL
   #include <gsl/gsl_errno.h>
   #include <gsl/gsl_multimin.h>
 }  #endif
   
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/  
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])  #ifdef NLOPT
 {  #include <nlopt.h>
   int i;  typedef struct {
   int l=1, lmax=20;    double (* function)(double [] );
   double k1,k2;  } myfunc_data ;
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  #endif
   double res;  
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;  /* #include <libintl.h> */
   double fx;  /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
   int k=0,kmax=10;  
   double l1;  #define MAXLINE 2048 /* Was 256 and 1024. Overflow with 312 with 2 states and 4 covariates. Should be ok */
   
   fx=func(x);  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
     l1=pow(10,l);  
     delts=delt;  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
       delt = delta*(l1*k);  
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;  #define MAXPARM 128 /**< Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
       k1=func(p2)-fx;  #define NPARMAX 64 /**< (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;  
       k2=func(p2)-fx;  #define NINTERVMAX 8
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /**< Maximum number of live states (for func) */
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /**< Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
        #define NCOVMAX 20  /**< Maximum number of covariates, including generated covariates V1*V2 */
 #ifdef DEBUG  #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);  /*#define decodtabm(h,k,cptcoveff)= (h <= (1<<cptcoveff)?(((h-1) >> (k-1)) & 1) +1 : -1)*/
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);  #define decodtabm(h,k,cptcoveff) (((h-1) >> (k-1)) & 1) +1 
 #endif  /*#define MAXN 20000 */ /* Should by replaced by nobs, real number of observations and unlimited */
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */  #define YEARM 12. /**< Number of months per year */
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){  /* #define AGESUP 130 */
         k=kmax;  /* #define AGESUP 150 */
       }  #define AGESUP 200
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */  #define AGEINF 0
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;  #define AGEMARGE 25 /* Marge for agemin and agemax for(iage=agemin-AGEMARGE; iage <= agemax+3+AGEMARGE; iage++) */
       }  #define AGEBASE 40
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){  #define AGEOVERFLOW 1.e20
         delts=delt;  #define AGEGOMP 10 /**< Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
       }  #ifdef _WIN32
     }  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
   }  #define CHARSEPARATOR "\\"
   delti[theta]=delts;  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
   return res;  #else
    #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
 }  #define CHARSEPARATOR "/"
   #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)  #endif
 {  
   int i;  /* $Id$ */
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;  /* $State$ */
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;  #include "version.h"
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  char version[]=__IMACH_VERSION__;
   int k;  char copyright[]="May 2019,INED-EUROREVES-Institut de longevite-Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121), Intel Software 2015-2020";
   char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
   fx=func(x);  char strstart[80];
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH];
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  int erreur=0, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;  int nagesqr=0, nforce=0; /* nagesqr=1 if model is including age*age, number of forces */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  /* Number of covariates model=V2+V1+ V3*age+V2*V4 */
     k1=func(p2)-fx;  int cptcovn=0; /**< cptcovn number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age and age*product) */
    int cptcovt=0; /**< cptcovt number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age) */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;  int cptcovs=0; /**< cptcovs number of simple covariates in the model V2+V1 =2 */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  int cptcovsnq=0; /**< cptcovsnq number of simple covariates in the model but non quantitative V2+V1 =2 */
     k2=func(p2)-fx;  int cptcovage=0; /**< Number of covariates with age: V3*age only =1 */
    int cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age */   
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  int cptcoveff=0; /* Total number of covariates to vary for printing results */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  int ncovf=0; /* Total number of effective fixed covariates (dummy or quantitative) in the model */
     k3=func(p2)-fx;  int ncovv=0; /* Total number of effective (wave) varying covariates (dummy or quantitative) in the model */
    int ncova=0; /* Total number of effective (wave and stepm) varying with age covariates (dummy of quantitative) in the model */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  int nsd=0; /**< Total number of single dummy variables (output) */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  int nsq=0; /**< Total number of single quantitative variables (output) */
     k4=func(p2)-fx;  int ncoveff=0; /* Total number of effective fixed dummy covariates in the model */
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */  int nqfveff=0; /**< nqfveff Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
 #ifdef DEBUG  int ntveff=0; /**< ntveff number of effective time varying variables */
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);  int nqtveff=0; /**< ntqveff number of effective time varying quantitative variables */
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);  int cptcov=0; /* Working variable */
 #endif  int nobs=10;  /* Number of observations in the data lastobs-firstobs */
   }  int ncovcombmax=NCOVMAX; /* Maximum calculated number of covariate combination = pow(2, cptcoveff) */
   return res;  int npar=NPARMAX; /* Number of parameters (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; */
 }  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
   int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/  int ncovmodel=0, ncovcol=0;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)  int  nqv=0, ntv=0, nqtv=0;    /* Total number of quantitative variables, time variable (dummy), quantitative and time variable */ 
 {  int popbased=0;
   int i,imax,j,k;  
   double big,dum,sum,temp;  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
   double *vv;  int maxwav=0; /* Maxim number of waves */
    int jmin=0, jmax=0; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
   vv=vector(1,n);  int ijmin=0, ijmax=0; /* Individuals having jmin and jmax */ 
   *d=1.0;  int gipmx=0, gsw=0; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {                     to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
     big=0.0;  int mle=1, weightopt=0;
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
     vv[i]=1.0/big;             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   }  int countcallfunc=0;  /* Count the number of calls to func */
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  int selected(int kvar); /* Is covariate kvar selected for printing results */
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {  
       sum=a[i][j];  double jmean=1; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  double **matprod2(); /* test */
       a[i][j]=sum;  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
     }  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
     big=0.0;  double   **ddnewms, **ddoldms, **ddsavms; /* for freeing later */
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {  
       sum=a[i][j];  /*FILE *fic ; */ /* Used in readdata only */
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)  FILE *ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres, *ficresp, *ficresphtm, *ficresphtmfr, *ficrespl, *ficresplb,*ficrespij, *ficrespijb, *ficrest,*ficresf, *ficresfb,*ficrespop;
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
       a[i][j]=sum;  int globpr=0; /* Global variable for printing or not */
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
         big=dum;  long ipmx=0; /* Number of contributions */
         imax=i;  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
       }  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
     }  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
     if (j != imax) {  FILE *ficresilk;
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
         dum=a[imax][k];  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];  FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
         a[j][k]=dum;  FILE *ficreseij;
       }  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
       *d = -(*d);  FILE *ficresstdeij;
       vv[imax]=vv[j];  char fileresstde[FILENAMELENGTH];
     }  FILE *ficrescveij;
     indx[j]=imax;  char filerescve[FILENAMELENGTH];
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;  FILE  *ficresvij;
     if (j != n) {  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);  
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;  char title[MAXLINE];
     }  char model[MAXLINE]; /**< The model line */
   }  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH],  fileresplb[FILENAMELENGTH];
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */  char plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH], pplotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
 ;  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
 }  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
   int  outcmd=0;
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])  
 {  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespijb[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;  char fileresu[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* fileres without r in front */
   double sum;  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
    char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
     ip=indx[i];  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
     sum=b[ip];  
     b[ip]=b[i];  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
     if (ii)  
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];  /* struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time; */
     else if (sum) ii=i;  /* struct timezone tzp; */
     b[i]=sum;  /* extern int gettimeofday(); */
   }  struct tm tml, *gmtime(), *localtime();
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {  
     sum=b[i];  extern time_t time();
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];  
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];  struct tm start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
   }  time_t  rstart_time, rend_time, rcurr_time, rlast_time, rforecast_time; /* raw time */
 }  struct tm tm;
   
 /************ Frequencies ********************/  char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)  
 {  /* Some frequencies */  char *endptr;
    long lval;
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;  double dval;
   int first;  
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  #define NR_END 1
   double *pp;  #define FREE_ARG char*
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
   FILE *ficresp;  
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];  #define NRANSI 
    #define ITMAX 200
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  #define ITPOWMAX 20 /* This is now multiplied by the number of parameters */ 
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);  
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
     exit(0);  
   }  #define GOLD 1.618034 
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
   j1=0;  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
    
   j=cptcoveff;  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   first=1;    
   #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  /* http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~robbers/cmbeasy/doc/html/myutils_8h-source.html */
       j1++;  #define mytinydouble 1.0e-16
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);  /* #define DEQUAL(a,b) (fabs((a)-(b))<mytinydouble) */
         scanf("%d", i);*/  /* http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~robbers/cmbeasy/doc/html/mynrutils_8h-source.html */
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    /* static double dsqrarg; */
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    /* #define DSQR(a) (DEQUAL((dsqrarg=(a)),0.0) ? 0.0 : dsqrarg*dsqrarg) */
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)  static double sqrarg;
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
        #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
       dateintsum=0;  int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
       k2cpt=0;  
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {  int imx; 
         bool=1;  int stepm=1;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)  
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])  int estepm;
               bool=0;  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
         }  
         if (bool==1) {  int m,nb;
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){  long *num;
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *cens;
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {  int *ncodemax;  /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the j th
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;                     covariate for which somebody answered excluding 
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;                     undefined. Usually 2: 0 and 1. */
               if (m<lastpass) {  int *ncodemaxwundef;  /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the j th
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];                               covariate for which somebody answered including 
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];                               undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
               }  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
                double **pmmij, ***probs; /* Global pointer */
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {  double ***mobaverage, ***mobaverages; /* New global variable */
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;  double *ageexmed,*agecens;
                 k2cpt++;  double dateintmean=0;
               }    double anprojd, mprojd, jprojd; /* For eventual projections */
             }    double anprojf, mprojf, jprojf;
           }  
         }    double anbackd, mbackd, jbackd; /* For eventual backprojections */
       }    double anbackf, mbackf, jbackf;
            double jintmean,mintmean,aintmean;  
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);  double *weight;
   int **s; /* Status */
       if  (cptcovn>0) {  double *agedc;
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");  double  **covar; /**< covar[j,i], value of jth covariate for individual i,
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);                    * covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");                    * cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*age; */
       }  double **coqvar; /* Fixed quantitative covariate nqv */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  double ***cotvar; /* Time varying covariate ntv */
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);  double ***cotqvar; /* Time varying quantitative covariate itqv */
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");  double  idx; 
        int **nbcode, *Tvar; /**< model=V2 => Tvar[1]= 2 */
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){  /*           V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         if(i==(int)agemax+3){  /*k          1  2   3   4     5    6    7     8    9 */
           fprintf(ficlog,"Total");  /*Tvar[k]=   5  4   3   6     5    2    7     1    1 */
         }else{  /* Tndvar[k]    1   2   3               4          5 */
           if(first==1){  /*TDvar         4   3   6               7          1 */ /* For outputs only; combination of dummies fixed or varying */
             first=0;  /* Tns[k]    1  2   2              4               5 */ /* Number of single cova */
             printf("See log file for details...\n");  /* TvarsD[k]    1   2                              3 */ /* Number of single dummy cova */
           }  /* TvarsDind    2   3                              9 */ /* position K of single dummy cova */
           fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);  /* TvarsQ[k] 1                     2                 */ /* Number of single quantitative cova */
         }  /* TvarsQind 1                     6                 */ /* position K of single quantitative cova */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /* Tprod[i]=k           4               7            */
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)  /* Tage[i]=k                  5               8      */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  /* */
         }  /* Type                    */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /* V         1  2  3  4  5 */
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)  /*           F  F  V  V  V */
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];  /*           D  Q  D  D  Q */
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){  /*                         */
             if(first==1){  int *TvarsD;
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);  int *TvarsDind;
             }  int *TvarsQ;
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);  int *TvarsQind;
           }else{  
             if(first==1)  #define MAXRESULTLINES 10
               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  int nresult=0;
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  int parameterline=0; /* # of the parameter (type) line */
           }  int TKresult[MAXRESULTLINES];
         }  int Tresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX];/* For dummy variable , value (output) */
   int Tinvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX];/* For dummy variable , value (output) */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  int Tvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For dummy variable , variable # (output) */
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  double Tqresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , value (output) */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  double Tqinvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , value (output) */
         }  int Tvqresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , variable # (output) */
   
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)  /* int *TDvar; /\**< TDvar[1]=4,  TDvarF[2]=3, TDvar[3]=6  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 *\/ */
           pos += pp[jk];  int *TvarF; /**< TvarF[1]=Tvar[6]=2,  TvarF[2]=Tvar[7]=7, TvarF[3]=Tvar[9]=1  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  int *TvarFind; /**< TvarFind[1]=6,  TvarFind[2]=7, Tvarind[3]=9  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
           if(pos>=1.e-5){  int *TvarV; /**< TvarV[1]=Tvar[1]=5, TvarV[2]=Tvar[2]=4  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
             if(first==1)  int *TvarVind; /**< TvarVind[1]=1, TvarVind[2]=2  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);  int *TvarA; /**< TvarA[1]=Tvar[5]=5, TvarA[2]=Tvar[8]=1  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);  int *TvarAind; /**< TvarindA[1]=5, TvarAind[2]=8  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
           }else{  int *TvarFD; /**< TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
             if(first==1)  int *TvarFDind; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  int *TvarFQ; /* TvarFQ[1]=V2 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  int *TvarFQind; /* TvarFQind[1]=6 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
           }  int *TvarVD; /* TvarVD[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
           if( i <= (int) agemax){  int *TvarVDind; /* TvarVDind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
             if(pos>=1.e-5){  int *TvarVQ; /* TvarVQ[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);  int *TvarVQind; /* TvarVQind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;  
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/  int *Tvarsel; /**< Selected covariates for output */
             }  double *Tvalsel; /**< Selected modality value of covariate for output */
             else  int *Typevar; /**< 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product */
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);  int *Fixed; /** Fixed[k] 0=fixed, 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product */ 
           }  int *Dummy; /** Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product */ 
         }  int *DummyV; /** Dummy[v] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative */
          int *FixedV; /** FixedV[v] 0 fixed, 1 varying */
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  int *Tage;
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  int anyvaryingduminmodel=0; /**< Any varying dummy in Model=1 yes, 0 no, to avoid a loop on waves in freq */ 
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {  int *Tmodelind; /** Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9 for V1 position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/
             if(first==1)  int *TmodelInvind; /** Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9 for V1 position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/ 
               printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);  int *TmodelInvQind; /** Tmodelqind[1]=1 for V5(quantitative varying) position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1  */
               fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);  int *Ndum; /** Freq of modality (tricode */
             }  /* int **codtab;*/ /**< codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); */
         if(i <= (int) agemax)  int **Tvard;
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");  int *Tprod;/**< Gives the k position of the k1 product */
         if(first==1)  /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3  */
           printf("Others in log...\n");  int *Tposprod; /**< Gives the k1 product from the k position */
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");     /* if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2) */
       }     /* Tposprod[k]=k1 , Tposprod[3]=1, Tposprod[5(V3*V2)]=2 (2nd product without age) */
     }  int cptcovprod, *Tvaraff, *invalidvarcomb;
   }  double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;  
    #define FD 1; /* Fixed dummy covariate */
   fclose(ficresp);  #define FQ 2; /* Fixed quantitative covariate */
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);  #define FP 3; /* Fixed product covariate */
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);  #define FPDD 7; /* Fixed product dummy*dummy covariate */
    #define FPDQ 8; /* Fixed product dummy*quantitative covariate */
   /* End of Freq */  #define FPQQ 9; /* Fixed product quantitative*quantitative covariate */
 }  #define VD 10; /* Varying dummy covariate */
   #define VQ 11; /* Varying quantitative covariate */
 /************ Prevalence ********************/  #define VP 12; /* Varying product covariate */
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)  #define VPDD 13; /* Varying product dummy*dummy covariate */
 {  /* Some frequencies */  #define VPDQ 14; /* Varying product dummy*quantitative covariate */
    #define VPQQ 15; /* Varying product quantitative*quantitative covariate */
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;  #define APFD 16; /* Age product * fixed dummy covariate */
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  #define APFQ 17; /* Age product * fixed quantitative covariate */
   double *pp;  #define APVD 18; /* Age product * varying dummy covariate */
   double pos, k2;  #define APVQ 19; /* Age product * varying quantitative covariate */
   
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  #define FTYPE 1; /* Fixed covariate */
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  #define VTYPE 2; /* Varying covariate (loop in wave) */
    #define ATYPE 2; /* Age product covariate (loop in dh within wave)*/
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);  
   j1=0;  struct kmodel{
            int maintype; /* main type */
   j=cptcoveff;          int subtype; /* subtype */
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  };
    struct kmodel modell[NCOVMAX];
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){  
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  double ftol=FTOL; /**< Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
       j1++;  double ftolhess; /**< Tolerance for computing hessian */
        
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    /**************** split *************************/
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)  {
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;    /* From a file name with (full) path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
             the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    */ 
         bool=1;    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
         if  (cptcovn>0) {    int   l1=0, l2=0;                             /* length counters */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)  
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
               bool=0;    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
         }    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
         if (bool==1) {    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so determine current directory */
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){      strcpy( name, path );               /* we got the fullname name because no directory */
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;      /* get current working directory */
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
               if (m<lastpass) {  #ifdef WIN32
                 if (calagedate>0)      if (_getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];  #else
                 else          if (getcwd(dirc, FILENAME_MAX) == NULL) {
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  #endif
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
               }      }
             }      /* got dirc from getcwd*/
           }      printf(" DIRC = %s \n",dirc);
         }    } else {                              /* strip directory from path */
       }      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
         }      dirc[l1-l2] = '\0';                 /* add zero */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      printf(" DIRC2 = %s \n",dirc);
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)    }
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];    /* We add a separator at the end of dirc if not exists */
         }    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
            if( dirc[l1-1] != DIRSEPARATOR ){
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      dirc[l1] =  DIRSEPARATOR;
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)      dirc[l1+1] = 0; 
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];      printf(" DIRC3 = %s \n",dirc);
         }    }
            ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];    if (ss >0){
              ss++;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
           if( i <= (int) agemax){      l1= strlen( name);
             if(pos>=1.e-5){      l2= strlen(ss)+1;
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;      strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
             }      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
           }    }
         }/* end jk */  
       }/* end i */    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
     } /* end i1 */  }
   } /* end k1 */  
   
    /******************************************/
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);  
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
    {
 }  /* End of Freq */    int i;
     int lg=0;
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/    i=0;
     lg=strlen(t);
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
 {      (s[i] = t[i]);
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).    }
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i  }
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]  
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.  char *trimbb(char *out, char *in)
      */  { /* Trim multiple blanks in line but keeps first blanks if line starts with blanks */
     char *s;
   int i, mi, m;    s=out;
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;    while (*in != '\0'){
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/      while( *in == ' ' && *(in+1) == ' '){ /* && *(in+1) != '\0'){*/
   int first;        in++;
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;      }
   double sum=0.;      *out++ = *in++;
   first=0;    }
   jmin=1e+5;    *out='\0';
   jmax=-1;    return s;
   jmean=0.;  }
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  
     mi=0;  /* char *substrchaine(char *out, char *in, char *chain) */
     m=firstpass;  /* { */
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){  /*   /\* Substract chain 'chain' from 'in', return and output 'out' *\/ */
       if(s[m][i]>=1)  /*   char *s, *t; */
         mw[++mi][i]=m;  /*   t=in;s=out; */
       if(m >=lastpass)  /*   while ((*in != *chain) && (*in != '\0')){ */
         break;  /*     *out++ = *in++; */
       else  /*   } */
         m++;  
     }/* end while */  /*   /\* *in matches *chain *\/ */
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){  /*   while ((*in++ == *chain++) && (*in != '\0')){ */
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */  /*     printf("*in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */  /*   } */
          /* Only death is a correct wave */  /*   in--; chain--; */
       mw[mi][i]=m;  /*   while ( (*in != '\0')){ */
     }  /*     printf("Bef *in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
   /*     *out++ = *in++; */
     wav[i]=mi;  /*     printf("Aft *in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
     if(mi==0){  /*   } */
       if(first==0){  /*   *out='\0'; */
         printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);  /*   out=s; */
         first=1;  /*   return out; */
       }  /* } */
       if(first==1){  char *substrchaine(char *out, char *in, char *chain)
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);  {
       }    /* Substract chain 'chain' from 'in', return and output 'out' */
     } /* end mi==0 */    /* in="V1+V1*age+age*age+V2", chain="age*age" */
   }  
     char *strloc;
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){    strcpy (out, in); 
       if (stepm <=0)    strloc = strstr(out, chain); /* strloc points to out at age*age+V2 */
         dh[mi][i]=1;    printf("Bef strloc=%s chain=%s out=%s \n", strloc, chain, out);
       else{    if(strloc != NULL){ 
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {      /* will affect out */ /* strloc+strlenc(chain)=+V2 */ /* Will also work in Unicode */
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {      memmove(strloc,strloc+strlen(chain), strlen(strloc+strlen(chain))+1);
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);      /* strcpy (strloc, strloc +strlen(chain));*/
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */    }
           k=k+1;    printf("Aft strloc=%s chain=%s in=%s out=%s \n", strloc, chain, in, out);
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    return out;
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;  }
           sum=sum+j;  
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */  
           }  char *cutl(char *blocc, char *alocc, char *in, char occ)
         }  {
         else{    /* cuts string in into blocc and alocc where blocc ends before FIRST occurence of char 'occ' 
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));       and alocc starts after first occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(blocc,alocc,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
           k=k+1;       gives blocc="abcdef" and alocc="ghi2j".
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;       If occ is not found blocc is null and alocc is equal to in. Returns blocc
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;    */
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */    char *s, *t;
           sum=sum+j;    t=in;s=in;
         }    while ((*in != occ) && (*in != '\0')){
         jk= j/stepm;      *alocc++ = *in++;
         jl= j -jk*stepm;    }
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;    if( *in == occ){
         if(jl <= -ju)      *(alocc)='\0';
           dh[mi][i]=jk;      s=++in;
         else    }
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;   
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)    if (s == t) {/* occ not found */
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */      *(alocc-(in-s))='\0';
       }      in=s;
     }    }
   }    while ( *in != '\0'){
   jmean=sum/k;      *blocc++ = *in++;
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);  
  }    *blocc='\0';
     return t;
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/  }
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)  char *cutv(char *blocc, char *alocc, char *in, char occ)
 {  {
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;    /* cuts string in into blocc and alocc where blocc ends before LAST occurence of char 'occ' 
   int cptcode=0;       and alocc starts after last occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(blocc,alocc,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
   cptcoveff=0;       gives blocc="abcdef2ghi" and alocc="j".
         If occ is not found blocc is null and alocc is equal to in. Returns alocc
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    */
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;    char *s, *t;
     t=in;s=in;
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {    while (*in != '\0'){
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      while( *in == occ){
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);        *blocc++ = *in++;
       Ndum[ij]++;        s=in;
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/      }
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;      *blocc++ = *in++;
     }    }
     if (s == t) /* occ not found */
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {      *(blocc-(in-s))='\0';
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;    else
     }      *(blocc-(in-s)-1)='\0';
     ij=1;    in=s;
     while ( *in != '\0'){
       *alocc++ = *in++;
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {    }
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {  
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {    *alocc='\0';
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;    return s;
            }
           ij++;  
         }  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;  {
       }      int i,j=0;
     }    int lg=20;
   }      i=0;
     lg=strlen(s);
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
       if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {    }
    ij=Tvar[i];    return j;
    Ndum[ij]++;  }
  }  
   /* void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ) */
  ij=1;  /* { */
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {  /*   /\* cuts string t into u and v where u ends before last occurence of char 'occ'  */
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){  /*      and v starts after last occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2') */
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;  /*      gives u="abcdef2ghi" and v="j" *\/ */
      ij++;  /*   int i,lg,j,p=0; */
    }  /*   i=0; */
  }  /*   lg=strlen(t); */
    /*   for(j=0; j<=lg-1; j++) { */
  cptcoveff=ij-1;  /*     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1; */
 }  /*   } */
   
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/  /*   for(j=0; j<p; j++) { */
   /*     (u[j] = t[j]); */
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )  /*   } */
   /*      u[p]='\0'; */
 {  
   /* Health expectancies */  /*    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) { */
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;  /*     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]); */
   double age, agelim, hf;  /*   } */
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;  /* } */
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  
   double *xp;  #ifdef _WIN32
   double **gp, **gm;  char * strsep(char **pp, const char *delim)
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;  {
   int theta;    char *p, *q;
            
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);    if ((p = *pp) == NULL)
   xp=vector(1,npar);      return 0;
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    if ((q = strpbrk (p, delim)) != NULL)
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    {
        *pp = q + 1;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");      *q = '\0';
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");    }
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    else
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      *pp = 0;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    return p;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");  }
   #endif
   if(estepm < stepm){  
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);  /********************** nrerror ********************/
   }  
   else  hstepm=estepm;    void nrerror(char error_text[])
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months  {
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according  }
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we  /*********************** vector *******************/
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear  {
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise    double *v;
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */    return v-nl+NR_END;
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.  }
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim  
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.  /************************ free vector ******************/
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */  {
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it  }
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if  
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same  /************************ivector *******************************/
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   */  {
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */    int *v;
     v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
   agelim=AGESUP;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    return v-nl+NR_END;
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */  }
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);  
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */  /******************free ivector **************************/
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */  {
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);  }
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  /************************lvector *******************************/
   long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored  {
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */    long *v;
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);      v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
      if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */  }
   
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */  /******************free lvector **************************/
   void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){  {
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  }
       }  
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    /******************* imatrix *******************************/
    int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
       cptj=0;       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  { 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
           cptj=cptj+1;    int **m; 
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
           }    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
         }    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
       }    m += NR_END; 
          m -= nrl; 
          
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
          if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
       cptj=0;    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){    
           cptj=cptj+1;    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
           }    return m; 
         }  } 
       }  
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];        int **m;
         }        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
      }       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
      { 
 /* End theta */    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
     free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  } 
   
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)  /******************* matrix *******************************/
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  {
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
          double **m;
   
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;    m += NR_END;
     m -= nrl;
      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);  
      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){    m[nrl] += NR_END;
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    m[nrl] -= ncl;
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);  
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)    return m;
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) or &(m[1][0])
       }  m[i] = address of ith row of the table. &(m[i]) is its value which is another adress
     }  that of m[i][0]. In order to get the value p m[i][0] but it is unitialized.
     /* Computing expectancies */     */
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){  /*************************free matrix ************************/
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
            {
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
         }  }
   
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
     cptj=0;  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  {
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
         cptj++;    double ***m;
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );  
       }    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
        m += NR_END;
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    m -= nrl;
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   }    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   printf("\n");  
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
 }    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
 /************ Variance ******************/    
 void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased)    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
 {      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
   /* Variance of health expectancies */      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
   /* double **newm;*/    }
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    return m; 
   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
   int k, cptcode;    */
   double *xp;  }
   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */  
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */  {
   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
   double ***p3mat;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
   double age,agelim, hf;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
   int theta;  }
   char digit[4];  
   char digitp[16];  /*************** function subdirf ***********/
   char *subdirf(char fileres[])
   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];  {
     /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
   if(popbased==1)    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-");    strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
   else    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");    return tmpout;
   }
   strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev");  
   sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);  /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
   /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/  char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */  {
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not */    
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
   if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);    strcat(tmpout,"/");
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);    strcat(tmpout,preop);
   }    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);    return tmpout;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);  }
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");  
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);  /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);  {
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
   }      strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");    strcat(tmpout,"/");
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    strcat(tmpout,preop);
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     exit(0);    return tmpout;
   }  }
   else{   
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");  /*************** function subdirfext ***********/
   }  char *subdirfext(char fileres[], char *preop, char *postop)
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {  {
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    strcpy(tmpout,preop);
     exit(0);    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   }    strcat(tmpout,postop);
   else{    return tmpout;
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing step probabilities of dying and weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");  }
   }  
   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  /*************** function subdirfext3 ***********/
   char *subdirfext3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *postop)
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");  {
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");    
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);    strcat(tmpout,"/");
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");    strcat(tmpout,preop);
     strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   xp=vector(1,npar);    strcat(tmpout,postop);
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    return tmpout;
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  }
   dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);   
   doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
   {
   gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
   gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
   gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
   trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/    hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
      sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
   if(estepm < stepm){    minutes = (sec_left) /60;
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);    sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
   }    sprintf(ascdiff,"%ld day(s) %ld hour(s) %ld minute(s) %ld second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
   else  hstepm=estepm;      return ascdiff;
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */  }
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.  
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim  /***************** f1dim *************************/
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.  extern int ncom; 
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
      and note for a fixed period like k years */  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the   
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it  double f1dim(double x) 
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if  { 
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same    int j; 
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.    double f;
   */    double *xt; 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */   
   agelim = AGESUP;    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    return f; 
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);  } 
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  /*****************brent *************************/
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   {
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    /* Given a function f, and given a bracketing triplet of abscissas ax, bx, cx (such that bx is
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */     * between ax and cx, and f(bx) is less than both f(ax) and f(cx) ), this routine isolates
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);     * the minimum to a fractional precision of about tol using Brent’s method. The abscissa of
       }     * the minimum is returned as xmin, and the minimum function value is returned as brent , the
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);       * returned function value. 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    */
     int iter; 
       if (popbased==1) {    double a,b,d,etemp;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double fu=0,fv,fw,fx;
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    double ftemp=0.;
       }    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
      double e=0.0; 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){   
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];    x=w=v=bx; 
         }    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
       }    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
       /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
       for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
           gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
       }          fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
       /* end force of mortality */  #ifdef DEBUGBRENT
       printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    #endif
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
          *xmin=x; 
       if (popbased==1) {        return fx; 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      } 
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];      ftemp=fu;
       }      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
         r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)        q=2.0*(q-r); 
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
         }        q=fabs(q); 
       }        etemp=e; 
       /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */        e=d; 
       for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)                                  d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];        else { 
       }                                      d=p/q; 
       /* end force of mortality */                                  u=x+d; 
                                   if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */                                          d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        } 
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];      } else { 
         }        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */      } 
         gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
       }      fu=(*f)(u); 
       if (fu <= fx) { 
     } /* End theta */        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
         SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */        SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
       } else { 
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */        if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)                                  v=w; 
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];                                  w=u; 
                                   fv=fw; 
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */                                  fw=fu; 
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
         trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];                                  v=u; 
                                   fv=fu; 
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */        } 
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      } 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)    } 
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
     *xmin=x; 
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){    return fx; 
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){  } 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;              double (*func)(double)) 
       }  { /* Given a function func , and given distinct initial points ax and bx , this routine searches in
     }  the downhill direction (defined by the function as evaluated at the initial points) and returns
   new points ax , bx , cx that bracket a minimum of the function. Also returned are the function
     /* pptj */  values at the three points, fa, fb , and fc such that fa > fb and fb < fc.
     matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);     */
     matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    double fu; 
       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)  
         varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];    double scale=10.;
     /* end ppptj */    int iterscale=0;
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    
     prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    *fa=(*func)(*ax); /*  xta[j]=pcom[j]+(*ax)*xicom[j]; fa=f(xta[j])*/
      *fb=(*func)(*bx); /*  xtb[j]=pcom[j]+(*bx)*xicom[j]; fb=f(xtb[j]) */
     if (popbased==1) {  
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
         prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    /* while(*fb != *fb){ /\* *ax should be ok, reducing distance to *ax *\/ */
     }    /*   printf("Warning mnbrak *fb = %lf, *bx=%lf *ax=%lf *fa==%lf iter=%d\n",*fb, *bx, *ax, *fa, iterscale++); */
        /*   *bx = *ax - (*ax - *bx)/scale; */
     /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */    /*   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  /\*  xtb[j]=pcom[j]+(*bx)*xicom[j]; fb=f(xtb[j]) *\/ */
     for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    /* } */
       for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)  
         gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];    if (*fb > *fa) { 
     }          SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
     /* end force of mortality */      SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
     } 
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));  #ifdef DEBUG
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){    printf("mnbrak0 a=%lf *fa=%lf, b=%lf *fb=%lf, c=%lf *fc=%lf\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx, *fc);
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);    fprintf(ficlog,"mnbrak0 a=%lf *fa=%lf, b=%lf *fb=%lf, c=%lf *fc=%lf\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx, *fc);
       }  #endif
     }    while (*fb > *fc) { /* Declining a,b,c with fa> fb > fc. If fc=inf it exits and if flat fb=fc it exits too.*/
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
       q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); /* What if fa=inf */
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); /* Minimum abscissa of a parabolic estimated from (a,fa), (b,fb) and (c,fc). */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); /* Maximum abscissa where function should be evaluated */
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { /* if u_p is between b and c */
       }        fu=(*func)(u); 
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");  #ifdef DEBUG
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        /* f(x)=A(x-u)**2+f(u) */
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        double A, fparabu; 
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);        A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        printf("\nmnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f, q=%lf < %lf=r)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu,q,r);
   } /* End age */        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f, q=%lf < %lf=r)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu,q,r);
   free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        /* And thus,it can be that fu > *fc even if fparabu < *fc */
   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        /* mnbrak (*ax=7.666299858533, *fa=299039.693133272231), (*bx=8.595447774979, *fb=298976.598289369489),
   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);          (*cx=10.098840694817, *fc=298946.631474258087),  (*u=9.852501168332, fu=298948.773013752128, fparabu=298945.434711494134) */
   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/        /* In that case, there is no bracket in the output! Routine is wrong with many consequences.*/
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");  #endif 
   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */  #ifdef MNBRAKORIGINAL
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");  #else
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);  /*       if (fu > *fc) { */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);  /* #ifdef DEBUG */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);  /*       printf("mnbrak4  fu > fc \n"); */
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);  /*       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak4 fu > fc\n"); */
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);  /* #endif */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);  /*      /\* SHFT(u,*cx,*cx,u) /\\* ie a=c, c=u and u=c; in that case, next SHFT(a,b,c,u) will give a=b=b, b=c=u, c=u=c and *\\/  *\/ */
   /*      /\* SHFT(*fa,*fc,fu,*fc) /\\* (b, u, c) is a bracket while test fb > fc will be fu > fc  will exit *\\/ *\/ */
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  /*      dum=u; /\* Shifting c and u *\/ */
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  /*      u = *cx; */
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);  /*      *cx = dum; */
   free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  /*      dum = fu; */
   free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);  /*      fu = *fc; */
   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  /*      *fc =dum; */
   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);  /*       } else { /\* end *\/ */
   fclose(ficgp);  /* #ifdef DEBUG */
   fclose(fichtm);  /*       printf("mnbrak3  fu < fc \n"); */
   /*       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak3 fu < fc\n"); */
 }  /* #endif */
   /*      dum=u; /\* Shifting c and u *\/ */
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/  /*      u = *cx; */
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)  /*      *cx = dum; */
 {  /*      dum = fu; */
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */  /*      fu = *fc; */
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/  /*      *fc =dum; */
   double **newm;  /*       } */
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  #ifdef DEBUGMNBRAK
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;                   double A, fparabu; 
   int k, cptcode;       A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
   double *xp;       fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
   double *gp, *gm;       printf("\nmnbrak35 ax=%lf fa=%lf bx=%lf fb=%lf, u=%lf fp=%lf fu=%lf < or >= fc=%lf cx=%lf, q=%lf < %lf=r \n",*ax, *fa, *bx,*fb,u,fparabu,fu,*fc,*cx,q,r);
   double **gradg, **trgradg;       fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak35 ax=%lf fa=%lf bx=%lf fb=%lf, u=%lf fp=%lf fu=%lf < or >= fc=%lf cx=%lf, q=%lf < %lf=r \n",*ax, *fa, *bx,*fb,u,fparabu,fu,*fc,*cx,q,r);
   double age,agelim;  #endif
   int theta;        dum=u; /* Shifting c and u */
            u = *cx;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");        *cx = dum;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");        dum = fu;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        fu = *fc;
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);        *fc =dum;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");  #endif
       } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { /* u is after c but before ulim */
   xp=vector(1,npar);  #ifdef DEBUG
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim\n",u,*cx);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim\n",u,*cx);
    #endif
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */        fu=(*func)(u); 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        if (fu < *fc) { 
   agelim = AGESUP;  #ifdef DEBUG
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */                                  printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim=%lf AND fu=%lf < %lf=fc\n",u,*cx,ulim,fu, *fc);
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */                            fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim=%lf AND fu=%lf < %lf=fc\n",u,*cx,ulim,fu, *fc);
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;  #endif
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */                            SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);                                  SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);  #ifdef DEBUG
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);                                          printf("\nmnbrak2 shift GOLD c=%lf",*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx));
   #endif
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        } 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { /* u outside ulim (verifying that ulim is beyond c) */
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  #ifdef DEBUG
       }        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf outside ulim=%lf (verifying that ulim is beyond c=%lf)\n",u,ulim,*cx);
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf outside ulim=%lf (verifying that ulim is beyond c=%lf)\n",u,ulim,*cx);
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  #endif
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];        u=ulim; 
            fu=(*func)(u); 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */      } else { /* u could be left to b (if r > q parabola has a maximum) */
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  #ifdef DEBUG
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf could be left to b=%lf (if r=%lf > q=%lf parabola has a maximum)\n",u,*bx,r,q);
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf could be left to b=%lf (if r=%lf > q=%lf parabola has a maximum)\n",u,*bx,r,q);
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];  #endif
         u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        fu=(*func)(u); 
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];  #ifdef DEBUG
     } /* End theta */        printf("\nmnbrak2 new u=%lf fu=%lf shifted gold left from c=%lf and b=%lf \n",u,fu,*cx,*bx);
         fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2 new u=%lf fu=%lf shifted gold left from c=%lf and b=%lf \n",u,fu,*cx,*bx);
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);  #endif
       } /* end tests */
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("\nmnbrak2 shift (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc);
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        fprintf(ficlog, "\nmnbrak2 shift (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc);
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;  #endif
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    } /* end while; ie return (a, b, c, fa, fb, fc) such that a < b < c with f(a) > f(b) and fb < f(c) */
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);  } 
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */  /*************** linmin ************************/
   /* Given an n -dimensional point p[1..n] and an n -dimensional direction xi[1..n] , moves and
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );  resets p to where the function func(p) takes on a minimum along the direction xi from p ,
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  and replaces xi by the actual vector displacement that p was moved. Also returns as fret
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));  the value of func at the returned location p . This is actually all accomplished by calling the
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");  routines mnbrak and brent .*/
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);  int ncom; 
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);  double *pcom,*xicom;
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);   
   } /* End age */  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  #else
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []), int *flat) 
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  #endif
   { 
 }    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
                  double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/    double f1dim(double x); 
 void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
 {                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
   int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;    int j; 
   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
   int k=0,l, cptcode;    double fx,fb,fa;
   int first=1, first1;  
   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  #else
   double *xp;    double scale=10., axs, xxs; /* Scale added for infinity */
   double *gp, *gm;  #endif
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    
   double **mu;    ncom=n; 
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];    pcom=vector(1,n); 
   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */    xicom=vector(1,n); 
   int theta;    nrfunc=func; 
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];      xicom[j]=xi[j]; /* Former scale xi[j] of currrent direction i */
     } 
   double ***varpij;  
   #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");    xx=1.;
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);  #else
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {    axs=0.0;
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);    xxs=1.;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);    do{
   }      xx= xxs;
   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov");  #endif
   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);      ax=0.;
   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {      mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  /* Outputs: xtx[j]=pcom[j]+(*xx)*xicom[j]; fx=f(xtx[j]) */
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);      /* brackets with inputs ax=0 and xx=1, but points, pcom=p, and directions values, xicom=xi, are sent via f1dim(x) */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);      /* xt[x,j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]  f(ax) = f(xt(a,j=1,n)) = f(p(j) + 0 * xi(j)) and  f(xx) = f(xt(x, j=1,n)) = f(p(j) + 1 * xi(j))   */
   }      /* Outputs: fa=f(p(j)) and fx=f(p(j) + xxs * xi(j) ) and f(bx)= f(p(j)+ bx* xi(j)) */
   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor");      /* Given input ax=axs and xx=xxs, xx might be too far from ax to get a finite f(xx) */
   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);      /* Searches on line, outputs (ax, xx, bx) such that fx < min(fa and fb) */
   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {      /* Find a bracket a,x,b in direction n=xi ie xicom, order may change. Scale is [0:xxs*xi[j]] et non plus  [0:xi[j]]*/
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);  #else
   }      if (fx != fx){
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);                          xxs=xxs/scale; /* Trying a smaller xx, closer to initial ax=0 */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);                          printf("|");
   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);                          fprintf(ficlog,"|");
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);                          printf("\nLinmin NAN : input [axs=%lf:xxs=%lf], mnbrak outputs fx=%lf <(fb=%lf and fa=%lf) with xx=%lf in [ax=%lf:bx=%lf] \n",  axs, xxs, fx,fb, fa, xx, ax, bx);
   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);  #endif
        }
   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");    }while(fx != fx && xxs > 1.e-5);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");  #endif
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");    
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");    printf("\nLinmin after mnbrak: ax=%12.7f xx=%12.7f bx=%12.7f fa=%12.2f fx=%12.2f fb=%12.2f\n",  ax,xx,bx,fa,fx,fb);
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");    fprintf(ficlog,"\nLinmin after mnbrak: ax=%12.7f xx=%12.7f bx=%12.7f fa=%12.2f fx=%12.2f fb=%12.2f\n",  ax,xx,bx,fa,fx,fb);
   #endif
   #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  #else
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){          if(fb == fx){ /* Flat function in the direction */
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);                  xmin=xx;
       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);      *flat=1;
       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);          }else{
     }        *flat=0;
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");  #endif
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");                  /*Flat mnbrak2 shift (*ax=0.000000000000, *fa=51626.272983130431), (*bx=-1.618034000000, *fb=51590.149499362531), (*cx=-4.236068025156, *fc=51590.149499362531) */
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); /* Giving a bracketting triplet (ax, xx, bx), find a minimum, xmin, according to f1dim, *fret(xmin),*/
   xp=vector(1,npar);    /* fa = f(p[j] + ax * xi[j]), fx = f(p[j] + xx * xi[j]), fb = f(p[j] + bx * xi[j]) */
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);    /* fmin = f(p[j] + xmin * xi[j]) */
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));    /* P+lambda n in that direction (lambdamin), with TOL between abscisses */
   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);    /* f1dim(xmin): for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+xmin*xicom[j]; */
   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);  #ifdef DEBUG
   first=1;    printf("retour brent from bracket (a=%lf fa=%lf, xx=%lf fx=%lf, b=%lf fb=%lf): fret=%lf xmin=%lf\n",ax,fa,xx,fx,bx,fb,*fret,xmin);
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent from bracket (a=%lf fa=%lf, xx=%lf fx=%lf, b=%lf fb=%lf): fret=%lf xmin=%lf\n",ax,fa,xx,fx,bx,fb,*fret,xmin);
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);  #endif
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     exit(0);  #else
   }                          }
   else{  #endif
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   }    printf("linmin end ");
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficlog,"linmin end ");
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);  #endif
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     exit(0);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   }      xi[j] *= xmin; 
   else{  #else
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");      if(xxs <1.0)
         printf(" before xi[%d]=%12.8f", j,xi[j]);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");  #endif
     fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");      xi[j] *= xmin*xxs; /* xi rescaled by xmin and number of loops: if xmin=-1.237 and xi=(1,0,...,0) xi=(-1.237,0,...,0) */
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
       if(xxs <1.0)
   }        printf(" after xi[%d]=%12.8f, xmin=%12.8f, ax=%12.8f, xx=%12.8f, bx=%12.8f, xxs=%12.8f", j,xi[j], xmin, ax, xx, bx,xxs );
   #endif
    #endif
   cov[1]=1;      p[j] += xi[j]; /* Parameters values are updated accordingly */
   tj=cptcoveff;    } 
   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   j1=0;    printf("\n");
   for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){    printf("Comparing last *frec(xmin=%12.8f)=%12.8f from Brent and frec(0.)=%12.8f \n", xmin, *fret, (*func)(p));
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){    fprintf(ficlog,"Comparing last *frec(xmin=%12.8f)=%12.8f from Brent and frec(0.)=%12.8f \n", xmin, *fret, (*func)(p));
       j1++;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
            printf(" xi[%d]= %14.10f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xi[j],j,p[j]);
       if  (cptcovn>0) {      fprintf(ficlog," xi[%d]= %14.10f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xi[j],j,p[j]);
         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");      if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);        printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");      }
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    }
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");  #else
          #endif
         fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");  } 
          
          
         fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");  /*************** powell ************************/
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  /*
         fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");  Minimization of a function func of n variables. Input consists of an initial starting point
          p[1..n] ; an initial matrix xi[1..n][1..n] , whose columns contain the initial set of di-
         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");      rections (usually the n unit vectors); and ftol , the fractional tolerance in the function value
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  such that failure to decrease by more than this amount on one iteration signals doneness. On
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");      output, p is set to the best point found, xi is the then-current direction set, fret is the returned
       }  function value at p , and iter is the number of iterations taken. The routine linmin is used.
         */
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
         cov[2]=age;  #else
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {          int *flatdir; /* Function is vanishing in that direction */
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];          int flat=0, flatd=0; /* Function is vanishing in that direction */
         }  #endif
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)              double (*func)(double [])) 
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  { 
          #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);                double (*func)(double [])); 
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  #else 
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,
                   double (*func)(double []),int *flat); 
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){  #endif
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)   int i,ibig,j,jk,k; 
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
              double directest;
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);    double fp,fptt;
              double *xits;
           k=0;    int niterf, itmp;
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  #else
               k=k+1;  
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];    flatdir=ivector(1,n); 
             }    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) flatdir[j]=0; 
           }  #endif
            
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    pt=vector(1,n); 
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    ptt=vector(1,n); 
        xit=vector(1,n); 
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);    xits=vector(1,n); 
           k=0;    *fret=(*func)(p); 
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    rcurr_time = time(NULL);  
               k=k+1;    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];      fp=(*fret); /* From former iteration or initial value */
             }      ibig=0; 
           }      del=0.0; 
            rlast_time=rcurr_time;
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)      /* (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];        rcurr_time = time(NULL);  
         }      curr_time = *localtime(&rcurr_time);
       printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, rcurr_time-rlast_time, rcurr_time-rstart_time);fflush(stdout);
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret,rcurr_time-rlast_time, rcurr_time-rstart_time); fflush(ficlog);
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  /*     fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tm_sec-start_time.tm_sec); */
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
                fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      }
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
              printf("\n#model=  1      +     age ");
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n#model=  1      +     age ");
              if(nagesqr==1){
         k=0;          printf("  + age*age  ");
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){          fprintf(ficlog,"  + age*age  ");
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      }
             k=k+1;      for(j=1;j <=ncovmodel-2;j++){
             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];        if(Typevar[j]==0) {
           }          printf("  +      V%d  ",Tvar[j]);
         }          fprintf(ficlog,"  +      V%d  ",Tvar[j]);
         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)        }else if(Typevar[j]==1) {
           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)          printf("  +    V%d*age ",Tvar[j]);
             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];          fprintf(ficlog,"  +    V%d*age ",Tvar[j]);
         }else if(Typevar[j]==2) {
         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);          printf("  +    V%d*V%d ",Tvard[Tposprod[j]][1],Tvard[Tposprod[j]][2]);
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){          fprintf(ficlog,"  +    V%d*V%d ",Tvard[Tposprod[j]][1],Tvard[Tposprod[j]][2]);
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));        }
        fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));      }
      }*/      printf("\n");
   /*     printf("12   47.0114589    0.0154322   33.2424412    0.3279905    2.3731903  */
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);  /* 13  -21.5392400    0.1118147    1.2680506    1.2973408   -1.0663662  */
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)          if (k != i) {
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));            printf("%d%d ",i,k);
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);              printf("%12.7f ",p[jk]);
         }              fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
         i=0;              jk++; 
         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){            }
           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){            printf("\n");
             i=i++;            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);          }
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);        }
             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){      }
               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);      if(*iter <=3 && *iter >1){
               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));        tml = *localtime(&rcurr_time);
             }        strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tml));
           }        rforecast_time=rcurr_time; 
         }/* end of loop for state */        itmp = strlen(strcurr);
       } /* end of loop for age */        if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
           strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */        printf("\nConsidering the time needed for the last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
       /*        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");        for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");          rforecast_time=rcurr_time+(niterf-*iter)*(rcurr_time-rlast_time);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");          forecast_time = *localtime(&rforecast_time);
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);          strcpy(strfor,asctime(&forecast_time));
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);          itmp = strlen(strfor);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);          if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);            strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
       */          printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
           fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/        }
       first1=1;      }
       for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { /* For each direction i */
         for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; /* Directions stored from previous iteration with previous scales */
           if(l2==k2) continue;        fptt=(*fret); 
           j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;  #ifdef DEBUG
           for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){        printf("fret=%lf, %lf, %lf \n", *fret, *fret, *fret);
             for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){        fprintf(ficlog, "fret=%lf, %lf, %lf \n", *fret, *fret, *fret);
               if(l1==k1) continue;  #endif
               i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout); /* print direction (parameter) i */
               if(i<=j) continue;        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
                 if ((int)age %5==0){        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;  #else
                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func,&flat); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;                          flatdir[i]=flat; /* Function is vanishing in that direction i */
                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;  #endif
                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;                          /* Outputs are fret(new point p) p is updated and xit rescaled */
                   c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { /* We are keeping the max gain on each of the n directions */
                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */                                  /* because that direction will be replaced unless the gain del is small */
                   lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;                                  /* in comparison with the 'probable' gain, mu^2, with the last average direction. */
                   lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;                                  /* Unless the n directions are conjugate some gain in the determinant may be obtained */
                   /* Eigen vectors */                                  /* with the new direction. */
                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));                                  del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
                   /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */                                  ibig=i; 
                   v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;        } 
                   v12=-v21;  #ifdef DEBUG
                   v22=v11;        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
                   tnalp=v21/v11;        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
                   if(first1==1){        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
                     first1=0;                                  xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
                     printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);                                  printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
                   }                                  fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);        }
                   /*printf(fignu*/        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */                                  printf(" p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */                                  fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
                   if(first==1){        }
                     first=0;        printf("\n");
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);  #endif
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");      } /* end loop on each direction i */
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);      /* Convergence test will use last linmin estimation (fret) and compare former iteration (fp) */ 
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);      /* But p and xit have been updated at the end of linmin, *fret corresponds to new p, xit  */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);      /* New value of last point Pn is not computed, P(n-1) */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);          if(flatdir[j] >0){
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\            printf(" p(%d)=%lf flat=%d ",j,p[j],flatdir[j]);
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\            fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%lf flat=%d ",j,p[j],flatdir[j]);
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));          }
                   }else{          /* printf("\n"); */
                     first=0;          /* fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);        }
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);      /* if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) { /\* Did we reach enough precision? *\/ */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol) { /* Did we reach enough precision? */
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\        /* We could compare with a chi^2. chisquare(0.95,ddl=1)=3.84 */
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));        /* By adding age*age in a model, the new -2LL should be lower and the difference follows a */
                   }/* if first */        /* a chisquare statistics with 1 degree. To be significant at the 95% level, it should have */
                 } /* age mod 5 */        /* decreased of more than 3.84  */
               } /* end loop age */        /* By adding age*age and V1*age the gain (-2LL) should be more than 5.99 (ddl=2) */
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);        /* By using V1+V2+V3, the gain should be  7.82, compared with basic 1+age. */
               first=1;        /* By adding 10 parameters more the gain should be 18.31 */
             } /*l12 */                          
           } /* k12 */        /* Starting the program with initial values given by a former maximization will simply change */
         } /*l1 */        /* the scales of the directions and the directions, because the are reset to canonical directions */
       }/* k1 */        /* Thus the first calls to linmin will give new points and better maximizations until fp-(*fret) is */
     } /* loop covariates */        /* under the tolerance value. If the tolerance is very small 1.e-9, it could last long.  */
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);  #ifdef DEBUG
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        int k[2],l;
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        k[0]=1;
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);        k[1]=-1;
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
   }        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
   fclose(ficresprob);          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
   fclose(ficresprobcov);        }
   fclose(ficresprobcor);        printf("\n");
   fclose(ficgp);        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   fclose(fichtm);        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
 }          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
             ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
             printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \          }
                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
                   int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
                   int popforecast, int estepm ,\        }
                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \  #endif
                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){  
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/  #else
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {        free_ivector(flatdir,1,n); 
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);  #endif
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
   }        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
         free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n        return; 
  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n      } /* enough precision */ 
  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n      if (*iter == ITMAX*n) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months):      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { /* Computes the extrapolated point P_0 + 2 (P_n-P_0) */
    <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
   jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
         pt[j]=p[j]; 
 fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");      } 
       fptt=(*func)(ptt); /* f_3 */
  m=cptcoveff;  #ifdef NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  /* No change in drections until some iterations are done */
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}                  if (*iter <=4) {
   #else
  jj1=0;  #endif
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){  #ifdef POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST    /* skips test F3 <F1 */
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  #else
      jj1++;      if (fptt < fp) { /* If extrapolated point is better, decide if we keep that new direction or not */
      if (cptcovn > 0) {  #endif
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");        /* (x1 f1=fp), (x2 f2=*fret), (x3 f3=fptt), (xm fm) */
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)        /* From x1 (P0) distance of x2 is at h and x3 is 2h */
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);        /* Let f"(x2) be the 2nd derivative equal everywhere.  */
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");        /* Then the parabolic through (x1,f1), (x2,f2) and (x3,f3) */
      }        /* will reach at f3 = fm + h^2/2 f"m  ; f" = (f1 -2f2 +f3 ) / h**2 */
      /* Pij */        /* Conditional for using this new direction is that mu^2 = (f1-2f2+f3)^2 /2 < del or directest <0 */
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>        /* also  lamda^2=(f1-f2)^2/mu² is a parasite solution of powell */
 <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);            /* For powell, inclusion of this average direction is only if t(del)<0 or del inbetween mu^2 and lambda^2 */
      /* Quasi-incidences */        /* t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); */
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>        /*  Even if f3 <f1, directest can be negative and t >0 */
 <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);        /* mu² and del² are equal when f3=f1 */
        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */                          /* f3 < f1 : mu² < del <= lambda^2 both test are equivalent */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){                          /* f3 < f1 : mu² < lambda^2 < del then directtest is negative and powell t is positive */
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>                          /* f3 > f1 : lambda² < mu^2 < del then t is negative and directest >0  */
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);                          /* f3 > f1 : lambda² < del < mu^2 then t is positive and directest >0  */
        }  #ifdef NRCORIGINAL
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)- del*SQR(fp-fptt); /* Original Numerical Recipes in C*/
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>  #else
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del); /* Intel compiler doesn't work on one line; bug reported */
      }        t= t- del*SQR(fp-fptt);
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and  #endif
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>        directest = fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt - 2.0 * del; /* If delta was big enough we change it for a new direction */
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);  #ifdef DEBUG
    } /* end i1 */        printf("t1= %.12lf, t2= %.12lf, t=%.12lf  directest=%.12lf\n", 2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),del*SQR(fp-fptt),t,directest);
  }/* End k1 */        fprintf(ficlog,"t1= %.12lf, t2= %.12lf, t=%.12lf directest=%.12lf\n", 2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),del*SQR(fp-fptt),t,directest);
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");        printf("t3= %.12lf, t4= %.12lf, t3*= %.12lf, t4*= %.12lf\n",SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),SQR(fp-fptt),
                (fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del),(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt));
         fprintf(ficlog,"t3= %.12lf, t4= %.12lf, t3*= %.12lf, t4*= %.12lf\n",SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),SQR(fp-fptt),
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n               (fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del),(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt));
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n        printf("tt= %.12lf, t=%.12lf\n",2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*(fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt),t);
  - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n        fprintf(ficlog, "tt= %.12lf, t=%.12lf\n",2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*(fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt),t);
  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n  #endif
  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n  #ifdef POWELLORIGINAL
  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n        if (t < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n  #else
  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);        if (directest*t < 0.0) { /* Contradiction between both tests */
                                   printf("directest= %.12lf (if <0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt,del);
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n          printf("f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n          fprintf(ficlog,"directest= %.12lf (if directest<0 or t<0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt, del);
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n          fprintf(ficlog,"f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);        } 
  else        if (directest < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);  #endif
 fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
           printf("Before linmin in direction P%d-P0\n",n);
  m=cptcoveff;          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}            printf(" Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
             fprintf(ficlog," Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
  jj1=0;            if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){              printf("\n");
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){              fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
      jj1++;            }
      if (cptcovn > 0) {          }
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");  #endif
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");  #else
      }          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func,&flat); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {          flatdir[i]=flat; /* Function is vanishing in that direction i */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident  #endif
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>          
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);    #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
      }          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
    } /* end i1 */            printf("After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
  }/* End k1 */            fprintf(ficlog,"After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");            if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
 fclose(fichtm);              printf("\n");
 }              fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             }
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/          }
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){  #endif
           for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; /* Replace direction with biggest decrease by last direction n */
   int ng;            xi[j][n]=xit[j];      /* and this nth direction by the by the average p_0 p_n */
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {          }
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);  #else
   }          for (j=1, flatd=0;j<=n;j++) {
             if(flatdir[j]>0)
 #ifdef windows              flatd++;
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);          }
 #endif          if(flatd >0){
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);            printf("%d flat directions: ",flatd);
              fprintf(ficlog,"%d flat directions :",flatd);
  /* 1eme*/            for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {              if(flatdir[j]>0){
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {                printf("%d ",j);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%d ",j);
 #ifdef windows              }
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);            }
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);            printf("\n");
 #endif            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 #ifdef unix          }
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);  #endif
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres);          printf("Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
 #endif          fprintf(ficlog,"Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
           
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {  #ifdef DEBUG
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
 }          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);            printf(" %lf",xit[j]);
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {            fprintf(ficlog," %lf",xit[j]);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          }
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          printf("\n");
 }          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  #endif
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {        } /* end of t or directest negative */
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  #ifdef POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");  #else
 }          } /* end if (fptt < fp)  */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));  #endif
 #ifdef unix  #ifdef NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  /* No change in drections until some iterations are done */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n");      } /*NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  No change in drections until some iterations are done */
 #endif  #else
    }  #endif
   }                  } /* loop iteration */ 
   /*2 eme*/  } 
     
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  /**** Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);    
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);    double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij, int nres)
        {
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {      /**< Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x and for covariate combination ij 
       k=2*i;       *   (and selected quantitative values in nres)
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       *  by left multiplying the unit
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {       *  matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached with precision ftolpl 
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");       * Wx= Wx-1 Px-1= Wx-2 Px-2 Px-1  = Wx-n Px-n ... Px-2 Px-1 I
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");       * Wx is row vector: population in state 1, population in state 2, population dead
 }         * or prevalence in state 1, prevalence in state 2, 0
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");       * newm is the matrix after multiplications, its rows are identical at a factor.
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);       * Inputs are the parameter, age, a tolerance for the prevalence limit ftolpl.
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       * Output is prlim.
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {       * Initial matrix pimij 
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");       */
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    /* {0.85204250825084937, 0.13044499163996345, 0.017512500109187184, */
 }      /* 0.090851990222114765, 0.88271245433047185, 0.026435555447413338, */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    /*
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {     * and after some iteration: */
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    /* {0.45504275246439968, 0.42731458730878791, 0.11764266022681241, */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    /*  0.45201005341706885, 0.42865420071559901, 0.11933574586733192, */
 }      /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");    /* And prevalence by suppressing the deaths are close to identical rows in prlim: */
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");    /* {0.51571254859325999, 0.4842874514067399, */
     }    /*  0.51326036147820708, 0.48673963852179264} */
   }    /* If we start from prlim again, prlim tends to a constant matrix */
        
   /*3eme*/    int i, ii,j,k;
     double *min, *max, *meandiff, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **pmij(); /* **pmmij is a global variable feeded with oldms etc */
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);    double **newm;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    double agefin, delaymax=200. ; /* 100 Max number of years to converge */
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);    int ncvloop=0;
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);    int first=0;
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");    
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);    min=vector(1,nlstate);
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);    max=vector(1,nlstate);
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");    meandiff=vector(1,nlstate);
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);  
           /* Starting with matrix unity */
 */    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
       }    
     }    cov[1]=1.;
   }    
      /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   /* CV preval stat */    /* Start at agefin= age, computes the matrix of passage and loops decreasing agefin until convergence is reached */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {      ncvloop++;
       k=3;      newm=savm;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);      cov[2]=agefin;
       if(nagesqr==1)
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)        cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);      for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
              cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;        /* printf("prevalim Dummy combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);      }
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {      for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;                          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);        cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
       }        /* printf("prevalim Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);        }
     }      for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){  /* For product with age */
   }          if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
   /* proba elementaires */        } else{
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){        }
       if (k != i) {        /* printf("prevalim Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){      }
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);      for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /* For product without age */
           jk++;        /* printf("prevalim Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");        if(Dummy[Tvard[k][1]==0]){
         }          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
       }            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
     }          }else{
    }            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqresult[nres][k];
           }
    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/        }else{
      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]];
        if (ng==2)          }else{
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]]*  Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][2]];
        else          }
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);      }
        i=1;      /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
          k3=i;      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {      /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
            if (k != k2){      /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
              if(ng==2)                  /* age and covariate values of ij are in 'cov' */
                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /* Bug Valgrind */
              else      
                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);      savm=oldm;
              ij=1;      oldm=newm;
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {  
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);        max[j]=0.;
                  ij++;        min[j]=1.;
                }      }
                else      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);        sumnew=0;
              }        for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");        for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){ 
                        prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){            max[j]=FMAX(max[j],prlim[i][j]);
                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);          min[j]=FMIN(min[j],prlim[i][j]);
                ij=1;        }
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){      }
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {  
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);      maxmax=0.;
                    ij++;      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
                  }        meandiff[j]=(max[j]-min[j])/(max[j]+min[j])*2.; /* mean difference for each column */
                  else        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,meandiff[j]);
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);        /* printf(" age= %d meandiff[%d]=%f, agefin=%d max[%d]=%f min[%d]=%f maxmax=%f\n", (int)age, j, meandiff[j],(int)agefin, j, max[j], j, min[j],maxmax); */
                }      } /* j loop */
                fprintf(ficgp,")");      *ncvyear= (int)age- (int)agefin;
              }      /* printf("maxmax=%lf maxmin=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, maxmin, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
              fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");        /* printf("maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%ld, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
              i=i+ncovmodel;        free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
            }        free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
          } /* end k */        free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
        } /* end k2 */        return prlim;
      } /* end jk */      }
    } /* end ng */    } /* agefin loop */
    fclose(ficgp);      /* After some age loop it doesn't converge */
 }  /* end gnuplot */    if(!first){
       first=1;
       printf("Warning: the stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.d years and %d loops. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. Youngest age to start was %d=(%d-%d). Others in log file only...\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, *ncvyear, ncvloop, (int)(agefin+stepm/YEARM),  (int)(age-stepm/YEARM), (int)delaymax);
 /*************** Moving average **************/    }
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){    fprintf(ficlog, "Warning: the stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.d years and %d loops. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. Youngest age to start was %d=(%d-%d).\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, *ncvyear, ncvloop, (int)(agefin+stepm/YEARM),  (int)(age-stepm/YEARM), (int)delaymax);
   
   int i, cpt, cptcod;    /* Try to lower 'ftol', for example from 1.e-8 to 6.e-9.\n", ftolpl, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, (int)age-(int)agefin); */
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)    free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)    free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;    
        return prlim; /* should not reach here */
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){  }
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){  
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){  
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){   /**** Back Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];  
           }   /* double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij) */
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;   /* double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij) */
         }    double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij, int nres)
       }  {
     }    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x and for covariate combination ij (<=2**cptcoveff) by left multiplying the unit
           matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached with precision ftolpl */
 }    /* Wx= Wx-1 Px-1= Wx-2 Px-2 Px-1  = Wx-n Px-n ... Px-2 Px-1 I */
     /* Wx is row vector: population in state 1, population in state 2, population dead */
     /* or prevalence in state 1, prevalence in state 2, 0 */
 /************** Forecasting ******************/    /* newm is the matrix after multiplications, its rows are identical at a factor */
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){    /* Initial matrix pimij */
      /* {0.85204250825084937, 0.13044499163996345, 0.017512500109187184, */
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;    /* 0.090851990222114765, 0.88271245433047185, 0.026435555447413338, */
   int *popage;    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;    /*
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;     * and after some iteration: */
   double ***p3mat;    /* {0.45504275246439968, 0.42731458730878791, 0.11764266022681241, */
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];    /*  0.45201005341706885, 0.42865420071559901, 0.11933574586733192, */
     /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
  agelim=AGESUP;    /* And prevalence by suppressing the deaths are close to identical rows in prlim: */
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;    /* {0.51571254859325999, 0.4842874514067399, */
     /*  0.51326036147820708, 0.48673963852179264} */
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    /* If we start from prlim again, prlim tends to a constant matrix */
    
      int i, ii,j,k;
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");    int first=0;
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);    double *min, *max, *meandiff, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {    /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **bmij();
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);    double **newm;
   }    double         **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm;  /* for use */
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);    double         **oldm, **savm;  /* for use */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);  
     double agefin, delaymax=200. ; /* 100 Max number of years to converge */
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;    int ncvloop=0;
     
   if (mobilav==1) {    min=vector(1,nlstate);
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    max=vector(1,nlstate);
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);    meandiff=vector(1,nlstate);
   }  
     dnewm=ddnewms; doldm=ddoldms; dsavm=ddsavms;
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    oldm=oldms; savm=savms;
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;    
      /* Starting with matrix unity */
   agelim=AGESUP;    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
        for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   hstepm=1;        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;      }
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);    
   anprojmean=yp;    cov[1]=1.;
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);    
   mprojmean=yp;    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);    /* Start at agefin= age, computes the matrix of passage and loops decreasing agefin until convergence is reached */
   jprojmean=yp;    /* for(agefin=age+stepm/YEARM; agefin<=age+delaymax; agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /\* A changer en age *\/ */
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;    /* for(agefin=age; agefin<AGESUP; agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /\* A changer en age *\/ */
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;    for(agefin=age; agefin<FMIN(AGESUP,age+delaymax); agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /* A changer en age */
        ncvloop++;
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);      newm=savm; /* oldm should be kept from previous iteration or unity at start */
                    /* newm points to the allocated table savm passed by the function it can be written, savm could be reallocated */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){      cov[2]=agefin;
       k=k+1;      if(nagesqr==1)
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");        cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {      for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
       }        cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");        /* printf("bprevalim Dummy agefin=%.0f combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov[%d]=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",agefin,ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");      }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) { */
            /*   /\* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; *\/ */
            /*   cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {      /*   /\* printf("prevalim ij=%d k=%d Tvar[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])],cov[2+k], ij, k, codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]); *\/ */
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");      /* } */
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);        for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
                           /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){        cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);        /* printf("prevalim Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;      }
                /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2]; */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /\* Useless *\/ */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      /*   /\* cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][1])] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][2])]; *\/ */
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        /*   cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
              for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){  /* For product with age */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);        } else{
             }          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        }
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;        /* printf("prevalim Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                    }
                 if (mobilav==1)      for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /* For product without age */
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];        /* printf("prevalim Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
                 else {        if(Dummy[Tvard[k][1]==0]){
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
                 }            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
                          }else{
               }            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqresult[nres][k];
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){          }
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);        }else{
                                  if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
               }            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]];
             }          }else{
           }            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]]*  Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][2]];
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          }
         }        }
       }      }
     }      
   }      /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
              /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
       /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
   fclose(ficresf);      /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
 }                  /* ij should be linked to the correct index of cov */
 /************** Forecasting ******************/                  /* age and covariate values ij are in 'cov', but we need to pass
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){                   * ij for the observed prevalence at age and status and covariate
                     * number:  prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;                   */
   int *popage;      /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, ageminpar, agemaxpar, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij)); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;      /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij)); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;      out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent,ij)); /* Bug Valgrind */
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;      /* if((int)age == 86 || (int)age == 87){ */
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];      /*   printf(" Backward prevalim age=%d agefin=%d \n", (int) age, (int) agefin); */
       /*   for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      /*  printf("%d newm= ",i); */
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      /*  for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   agelim=AGESUP;      /*    printf("%f ",newm[i][j]); */
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;      /*  } */
        /*  printf("oldm * "); */
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);      /*  for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
        /*    printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
        /*  } */
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");      /*  printf(" bmmij "); */
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);      /*  for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {      /*    printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);      /*  } */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);      /*  printf("\n"); */
   }      /*   } */
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);      /* } */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);      savm=oldm;
       oldm=newm;
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
   if (mobilav==1) {        max[j]=0.;
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        min[j]=1.;
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);      }
   }      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){ 
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;          /* bprlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew); */
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;          bprlim[i][j]= newm[i][j];
            max[i]=FMAX(max[i],bprlim[i][j]); /* Max in line */
   agelim=AGESUP;          min[i]=FMIN(min[i],bprlim[i][j]);
          }
   hstepm=1;      }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;                  
        maxmax=0.;
   if (popforecast==1) {      for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {        meandiff[i]=(max[i]-min[i])/(max[i]+min[i])*2.; /* mean difference for each column */
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,meandiff[i]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);        /* printf("Back age= %d meandiff[%d]=%f, agefin=%d max[%d]=%f min[%d]=%f maxmax=%f\n", (int)age, i, meandiff[i],(int)agefin, i, max[i], i, min[i],maxmax); */
     }      } /* i loop */
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);      *ncvyear= -( (int)age- (int)agefin);
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);      /* printf("Back maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
            /* printf("OK Back maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
     i=1;          free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;        free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
            free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
     imx=i;        return bprlim;
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];      }
   }    } /* agefin loop */
       /* After some age loop it doesn't converge */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){    if(!first){
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){      first=1;
       k=k+1;      printf("Warning: the back stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.0f years. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. Others in log file only...\n\
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");  Oldest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvloop=%d, ncvyear=%d\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, delaymax, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, *ncvyear);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    }
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: the back stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.0f years. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. \n\
       }  Oldest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvloop=%d, ncvyear=%d\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, delaymax, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, *ncvyear);
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");    /* Try to lower 'ftol', for example from 1.e-8 to 6.e-9.\n", ftolpl, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, (int)age-(int)agefin); */
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");    free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);    free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");    free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
          
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {    return bprlim; /* should not reach here */
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    }
          
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
            {
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    /* According to parameters values stored in x and the covariate's values stored in cov,
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;       computes the probability to be observed in state j (after stepm years) being in state i by appying the
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);         model to the ncovmodel covariates (including constant and age).
               lnpijopii=ln(pij/pii)= aij+bij*age+cij*v1+dij*v2+... = sum_nc=1^ncovmodel xij(nc)*cov[nc]
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){       and, according on how parameters are entered, the position of the coefficient xij(nc) of the
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {       ncth covariate in the global vector x is given by the formula:
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);       j<i nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel
             }       j>=i nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {       Computes ln(pij/pii) (lnpijopii), deduces pij/pii by exponentiation,
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;       sums on j different of i to get 1-pii/pii, deduces pii, and then all pij.
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                     Outputs ps[i][j] or probability to be observed in j being in i according to
                 if (mobilav==1)       the values of the covariates cov[nc] and corresponding parameter values x[nc+shiftij]
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];       Sum on j ps[i][j] should equal to 1.
                 else {    */
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];    double s1, lnpijopii;
                 }    /*double t34;*/
               }    int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){  
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
               }          /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
             }          lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){          /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
               kk1=0.;        }
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];        /*        printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
                 }      }
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
             }        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
           /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);          /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
           }        }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
         }      }
       }    }
      
   /******/    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       s1=0;
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {      for(j=1; j<i; j++){
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){        /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      }
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
                  s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      }
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {      /* Computing other pijs */
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
             }        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                    /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];        } /* end i */
               }    
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
             }      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           }        ps[ii][jj]=0;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        ps[ii][ii]=1;
         }      }
       }    }
    }  
   }  
      /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
     /*    printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
   if (popforecast==1) {    /*   } */
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);    /*   printf("\n "); */
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);    /* } */
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);    /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   }    /*
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);                  goto end;*/
   fclose(ficrespop);    return ps; /* Pointer is unchanged since its call */
 }  }
   
 /***********************************************/  /*************** backward transition probabilities ***************/ 
 /**************** Main Program *****************/  
 /***********************************************/   /* double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ***dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
   /* double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, double ***dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])   double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, int ij )
 {  {
     /* Computes the backward probability at age agefin, cov[2], and covariate combination 'ij'. In fact cov is already filled and x too.
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;     * Call to pmij(cov and x), call to cross prevalence, sums and inverses, left multiply, and returns in **ps as well as **bmij.
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;     */
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;    int i, ii, j,k;
     
   double fret;    double **out, **pmij();
   double **xi,tmp,delta;    double sumnew=0.;
     double agefin;
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */    double k3=0.; /* constant of the w_x diagonal matrix (in order for B to sum to 1 even for death state) */
   double ***p3mat;    double **dnewm, **dsavm, **doldm;
   int *indx;    double **bbmij;
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];    
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];    doldm=ddoldms; /* global pointers */
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;    dnewm=ddnewms;
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */    dsavm=ddsavms;
   int c,  h , cpt,l;    
   int ju,jl, mi;    agefin=cov[2];
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;    /* Bx = Diag(w_x) P_x Diag(Sum_i w^i_x p^ij_x */
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;    /* bmij *//* age is cov[2], ij is included in cov, but we need for
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;       the observed prevalence (with this covariate ij) at beginning of transition */
   int hstepm, nhstepm;    /* dsavm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;  
     /* P_x */
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;    pmmij=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); /*This is forward probability from agefin to agefin + stepm */
   double ftolpl=FTOL;    /* outputs pmmij which is a stochastic matrix in row */
   double **prlim;  
   double *severity;    /* Diag(w_x) */
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */    /* Rescaling the cross-sectional prevalence: Problem with prevacurrent which can be zero */
   double  *p;    sumnew=0.;
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */    /*for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){*/
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate;ii++){ /* Only on live states */
   double *delti; /* Scale */      /* printf(" agefin=%d, ii=%d, ij=%d, prev=%f\n",(int)agefin,ii, ij, prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]); */
   double ***eij, ***vareij;      sumnew+=prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij];
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */    }
   double *epj, vepp;    if(sumnew >0.01){  /* At least some value in the prevalence */
   double kk1, kk2;      for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;        for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
            doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]/sumnew : 0.0);
       }
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];    }else{
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   char z[1]="c", occ;        doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./nlstate : 0.0);
 #include <sys/time.h>      }
 #include <time.h>      /* if(sumnew <0.9){ */
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];      /*   printf("Problem internal bmij B: sum on i wi <0.9: j=%d, sum_i wi=%lf,agefin=%d\n",j,sumnew, (int)agefin); */
        /* } */
   /* long total_usecs;    }
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;    k3=0.0;  /* We put the last diagonal to 0 */
      for (ii=nlstate+1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */        doldm[ii][ii]= k3;
   getcwd(pathcd, size);    }
     /* End doldm, At the end doldm is diag[(w_i)] */
   printf("\n%s",version);    
   if(argc <=1){    /* Left product of this diag matrix by pmmij=Px (dnewm=dsavm*doldm): diag[(w_i)*Px */
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");    bbmij=matprod2(dnewm, doldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, pmmij); /* was a Bug Valgrind */
     scanf("%s",pathtot);  
   }    /* Diag(Sum_i w^i_x p^ij_x, should be the prevalence at age x+stepm */
   else{    /* w1 p11 + w2 p21 only on live states N1./N..*N11/N1. + N2./N..*N21/N2.=(N11+N21)/N..=N.1/N.. */
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);    for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   }      sumnew=0.;
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/      for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate;ii++){
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);        /* sumnew+=dsavm[ii][j]*prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]; */
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/        sumnew+=pmmij[ii][j]*doldm[ii][ii]; /* Yes prevalence at beginning of transition */
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/      } /* sumnew is (N11+N21)/N..= N.1/N.. = sum on i of w_i pij */
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);          /* if(agefin >= agemaxpar && agefin <= agemaxpar+stepm/YEARM){ */
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);          /*      dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0); */
   chdir(path);          /* }else if(agefin >= agemaxpar+stepm/YEARM){ */
   replace(pathc,path);          /*      dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0); */
           /* }else */
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/        dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0);
       } /*End ii */
   /* Log file */    } /* End j, At the end dsavm is diag[1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] for ALL states even if the sum is only for live states */
   strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);  
   strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */    ps=matprod2(ps, dnewm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, dsavm); /* was a Bug Valgrind */
   if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {    /* ps is now diag[w_i] * Px * diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] */
     printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);    /* end bmij */
     goto end;    return ps; /*pointer is unchanged */
   }  }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");  double **bpmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);  {
   fflush(ficlog);    /* According to parameters values stored in x and the covariate's values stored in cov,
        computes the probability to be observed in state j being in state i by appying the
   /* */       model to the ncovmodel covariates (including constant and age).
   strcpy(fileres,"r");       lnpijopii=ln(pij/pii)= aij+bij*age+cij*v1+dij*v2+... = sum_nc=1^ncovmodel xij(nc)*cov[nc]
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);       and, according on how parameters are entered, the position of the coefficient xij(nc) of the
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */       ncth covariate in the global vector x is given by the formula:
        j<i nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel
   /*---------arguments file --------*/       j>=i nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel
        Computes ln(pij/pii) (lnpijopii), deduces pij/pii by exponentiation,
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {       sums on j different of i to get 1-pii/pii, deduces pii, and then all pij.
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);       Outputs ps[i][j] the probability to be observed in j being in j according to
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);       the values of the covariates cov[nc] and corresponding parameter values x[nc+shiftij]
     goto end;    */
   }    double s1, lnpijopii;
     /*double t34;*/
   strcpy(filereso,"o");    int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
   strcat(filereso,fileres);  
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
     goto end;          /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
   }          lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
           /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        }
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        /*        printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      }
     puts(line);      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   }          /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
           /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);        }
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);      }
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
     puts(line);      s1=0;
     fputs(line,ficparo);      for(j=1; j<i; j++){
   }        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
        }
          for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
   cptcovn=0;        /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;      }
       /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */      /* Computing other pijs */
        for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   /* Read guess parameters */        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    } /* end i */
     puts(line);    
     fputs(line,ficparo);    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   }      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        ps[ii][jj]=0;
          ps[ii][ii]=1;
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);      }
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)    }
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){    /* Added for prevbcast */ /* Transposed matrix too */
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);      s1=0.;
       if(mle==1)      for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);        s1+=ps[ii][jj];
       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);      }
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){      for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate; ii++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);        ps[ii][jj]=ps[ii][jj]/s1;
         if(mle==1){      }
           printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);    }
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);    /* Transposition */
         }    for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
         else      for(ii=jj; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);        s1=ps[ii][jj];
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);        ps[ii][jj]=ps[jj][ii];
       }        ps[jj][ii]=s1;
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");      }
       if(mle==1)    }
         printf("\n");    /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    /*    printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
     }    /*   } */
      /*   printf("\n "); */
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;    /* } */
     /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   p=param[1][1];    /*
        for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      goto end;*/
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    return ps;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  }
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,int nrl, int nrh, int ncl, int nch, int ncolol, int ncoloh, double **b)
   {
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    int i, j, k;
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);        out[i][k]=0.;
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);        for(j=ncl; j<=nch; j++)
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
       }      }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    return out;
       printf("\n");  }
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  
     }  
   }  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
   delti=delti3[1][1];  
    double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int nres )
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  {
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' and combination of covariate values corresponding to ij over 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
     puts(line);       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
     fputs(line,ficparo);       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
   }       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);       for the memory).
         Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);       included manually here. 
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){  
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);       */
     if(mle==1)  
       printf("%s",str);    int i, j, d, h, k;
     fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);    double **newm;
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){    double agexact;
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);    double agebegin, ageend;
       if(mle==1){  
         printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       }      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       else        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      }
     }    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
     if(mle==1)      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
       printf("\n");        newm=savm;
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");        cov[1]=1.;
   }        agexact=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /* age just before transition */
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)        cov[2]=agexact;
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)        if(nagesqr==1)
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];          cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
            for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
   if(mle==1)                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
     printf("\n");          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");          /* printf("hpxij Dummy combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
         }
         for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/          /* printf("hPxij Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */        }
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {          if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;          } else{
     }            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);          }
              /* printf("hPxij Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
     /*-------- data file ----------*/        }
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /*  */
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;          /* printf("hPxij Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;          cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
     }        }
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++)  */
     n= lastobs;        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) /\* Should start at cptcovn+1 *\/ */
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2]; */
     num=ivector(1,n);        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /\* Useless because included in cptcovn *\/ */
     moisnais=vector(1,n);        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
     annais=vector(1,n);        
     moisdc=vector(1,n);        
     andc=vector(1,n);        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
     agedc=vector(1,n);        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
     cod=ivector(1,n);                          /* right multiplication of oldm by the current matrix */
     weight=vector(1,n);        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);        /* if((int)age == 70){ */
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);        /*        printf(" Forward hpxij age=%d agexact=%f d=%d nhstepm=%d hstepm=%d\n", (int) age, agexact, d, nhstepm, hstepm); */
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);        /*        for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);            /*          printf("%d pmmij ",i); */
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);        /*            printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
         /*          } */
     i=1;        /*          printf(" oldm "); */
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {        /*            printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
                /*          } */
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){        /*          printf("\n"); */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);        /*        } */
           strcpy(line,stra);        /* } */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        savm=oldm;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        oldm=newm;
         }      }
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
           /*if(h==nhstepm) printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);*/
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      /*printf("h=%d ",h);*/
     } /* end h */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    /*     printf("\n H=%d \n",h); */
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){    return po;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  }
         }  
         num[i]=atol(stra);  /************* Higher Back Matrix Product ***************/
          /* double ***hbxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){  double ***hbxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, int stepm, int ij, int nres )
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/  {
     /* For a combination of dummy covariate ij, computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
         i=i+1;       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
       }       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
     }       nhstepm*hstepm matrices.
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step
        scanf("%d",i);*/       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */       for the memory).
        Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){       included manually here. Then we use a call to bmij(x and cov)
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;       The addresss of po (p3mat allocated to the dimension of nhstepm) should be stored for output
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;    */
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;  
     }*/    int i, j, d, h, k;
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **bmij();
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;    double **newm, ***newmm;
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/    double agexact;
      double agebegin, ageend;
      double **oldm, **savm;
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/  
   Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */    newmm=po; /* To be saved */
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);    oldm=oldms;savm=savms; /* Global pointers */
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   Tage=ivector(1,15);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   if (strlen(model) >1){        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;      }
     j=nbocc(model,'+');    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
     cptcovn=j+1;      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
     cptcovprod=j1;        newm=savm;
            /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     strcpy(modelsav,model);        cov[1]=1.;
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){        agexact=age-( (h-1)*hstepm + (d)  )*stepm/YEARM; /* age just before transition, d or d-1? */
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);        /* agexact=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /\* age just before transition *\/ */
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);        cov[2]=agexact;
       goto end;        if(nagesqr==1)
     }          cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
            for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++){
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */        /* /\* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; *\/ */
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyze it */          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/          /* printf("hbxij Dummy agexact=%.0f combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov[%d]=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",agexact,ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/        }
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */        for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
           cptcovprod--;          /* printf("hPxij Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');        }
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){ /* Should start at cptcovn+1 */
           cptcovage++;          if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/          } else{
         }            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */          }
           cptcovprod--;          /* printf("hBxij Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');        }
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /* Useless because included in cptcovn */
           cptcovage++;          cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;        }                 
         }        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
         else {  /* Age is not in the model */        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/  
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;        /* Careful transposed matrix */
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */        /* age is in cov[2], prevacurrent at beginning of transition. */
           Tprod[k1]=i;        /* out=matprod2(newm, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij),\ */
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/        /*                                                 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); */
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */        out=matprod2(newm, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent,ij),\
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];                     1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];        /* if((int)age == 70){ */
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)        /*        printf(" Backward hbxij age=%d agexact=%f d=%d nhstepm=%d hstepm=%d\n", (int) age, agexact, d, nhstepm, hstepm); */
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];        /*        for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
           k1++;        /*          printf("%d pmmij ",i); */
           k2=k2+2;        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
         }        /*            printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
       }        /*          } */
       else { /* no more sum */        /*          printf(" oldm "); */
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/        /*            printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');        /*          } */
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);        /*          printf("\n"); */
       }        /*        } */
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);          /* } */
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);        savm=oldm;
         scanf("%d",i);*/        oldm=newm;
     } /* end of loop + */      }
   } /* end model */      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);          /* if(h==nhstepm) */
   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);          /*   printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]); */
   scanf("%d ",i);*/        }
     fclose(fic);      /* printf("h=%d %.1f ",h, agexact); */
     } /* end h */
     /*  if(mle==1){*/    /* printf("\n H=%d nhs=%d \n",h, nhstepm); */
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/    return po;
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;  }
     }  
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/  
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);  #ifdef NLOPT
     double  myfunc(unsigned n, const double *p1, double *grad, void *pd){
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    double fret;
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {    double *xt;
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){    int j;
          anint[m][i]=9999;    myfunc_data *d2 = (myfunc_data *) pd;
          s[m][i]=-1;  /* xt = (p1-1); */
        }    xt=vector(1,n); 
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++)   xt[j]=p1[j-1]; /* xt[1]=p1[0] */
       }  
     }    fret=(d2->function)(xt); /*  p xt[1]@8 is fine */
     /* fret=(*func)(xt); /\*  p xt[1]@8 is fine *\/ */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    printf("Function = %.12lf ",fret);
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) printf(" %d %.8lf", j, xt[j]); 
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){    printf("\n");
         if(s[m][i] >0){   free_vector(xt,1,n);
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {    return fret;
             if(agedc[i]>0)  }
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)  #endif
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];  
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
            else {  double func( double *x)
               if (andc[i]!=9999){  {
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);    int ioffset=0;
               agev[m][i]=-1;    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
               }    double **out;
             }    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
           }    int s1, s2;
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */    int iv=0, iqv=0, itv=0, iqtv=0 ; /* Index of varying covariate, fixed quantitative cov, time varying covariate, quantitative time varying covariate */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);    double bbh, survp;
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)    long ipmx;
               agev[m][i]=1;    double agexact;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){    /*extern weight */
               agemin=agev[m][i];    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
             }    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
               agemax=agev[m][i];    */
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/  
             }    ++countcallfunc;
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/  
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/    cov[1]=1.;
           }  
           else { /* =9 */    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
             agev[m][i]=1;    ioffset=0;
             s[m][i]=-1;    if(mle==1){
           }      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         }        /* Computes the values of the ncovmodel covariates of the model
         else /*= 0 Unknown */           depending if the covariates are fixed or varying (age dependent) and stores them in cov[]
           agev[m][i]=1;           Then computes with function pmij which return a matrix p[i][j] giving the elementary probability
       }           to be observed in j being in i according to the model.
            */
     }        ioffset=2+nagesqr ;
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {     /* Fixed */
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){        for (k=1; k<=ncovf;k++){ /* Simple and product fixed covariates without age* products */
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {          cov[ioffset+TvarFind[k]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[k]]][i];/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V1 is fixed (k=6)*/
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);          }
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);          /* In model V2+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2 Tvar[1] is V2, Tvar[2=V1*V4] 
           goto end;           is 6, Tvar[3=age*V3] should not be computed because of age Tvar[4=V3*V2] 
         }           has been calculated etc */
       }        /* For an individual i, wav[i] gives the number of effective waves */
     }        /* We compute the contribution to Likelihood of each effective transition
            mw[mi][i] is real wave of the mi th effectve wave */
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);        /* Then statuses are computed at each begin and end of an effective wave s1=s[ mw[mi][i] ][i];
  fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
            And the iv th varying covariate is the cotvar[mw[mi+1][i]][iv][i]
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);           But if the variable is not in the model TTvar[iv] is the real variable effective in the model:
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);           meaning that decodemodel should be used cotvar[mw[mi+1][i]][TTvar[iv]][i]
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);        */
     free_vector(annais,1,n);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);          for(k=1; k <= ncovv ; k++){ /* Varying  covariates (single and product but no age )*/
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/            /* cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]][i]; */
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);            cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]-ncovcol-nqv][i];
     free_vector(andc,1,n);          }
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
                for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     wav=ivector(1,imx);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);            }
              for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     /* Concatenates waves */            newm=savm;
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             cov[2]=agexact;
             if(nagesqr==1)
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;  /* Should be changed here */
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       ncodemax[1]=1;            if(!FixedV[Tvar[Tage[kk]]])
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact; /* Tage[kk] gives the data-covariate associated with age */
                  else
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[Tage[kk]]-ncovcol-nqv][i]*agexact;
    h=0;            }
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){            savm=oldm;
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){            oldm=newm;
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){          } /* end mult */
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){          
            h++;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
          }           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
        }           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
      }           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
    }           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. Then we inter(extra)polate the
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */                                   * from savm to out if bh is negative or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){                                   * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){                                   * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);                                   * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
       }                                   */
       printf("\n");          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
       }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
       scanf("%d",i);*/          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
              /* bias bh is positive if real duration
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */           */
           /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
              if( s2 > nlstate){ 
                /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known 
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */               then the contribution to the likelihood is the probability to 
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */               die between last step unit time and current  step unit time, 
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */               which is also equal to probability to die before dh 
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */               minus probability to die before dh-stepm . 
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
                     as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]               health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */               and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */               to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
                (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
     if(mle==1){               introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);               the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
     }               contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
                   stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
     /*--------- results files --------------*/               and month of death but the probability to survive from last
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);               interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
                 probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
                Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
    jk=1;               mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");               which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");               lower mortality.
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");            */
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){            /* If, at the beginning of the maximization mostly, the
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){               cumulative probability or probability to be dead is
        if (k != i)               constant (ie = 1) over time d, the difference is equal to
          {               0.  out[s1][3] = savm[s1][3]: probability, being at state
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);               s1 at precedent wave, to be dead a month before current
            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);               wave is equal to probability, being at state s1 at
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);               precedent wave, to be dead at mont of the current
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){               wave. Then the observed probability (that this person died)
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);               is null according to current estimated parameter. In fact,
              fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);               it should be very low but not zero otherwise the log go to
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);               infinity.
              jk++;            */
            }  /* #ifdef INFINITYORIGINAL */
            printf("\n");  /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  /* #else */
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");  /*        if ((out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]) < mytinydouble)  */
          }  /*          lli=log(mytinydouble); */
      }  /*        else */
    }  /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
    if(mle==1){  /* #endif */
      /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
      ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */            
      hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);          } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
    }            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
    fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");            /*survp += out[s1][j]; */
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");            lli= log(survp);
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){          }
      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){          else if  (s2==-4) { 
        if (j!=i) {            for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)  
          fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);            lli= log(survp); 
          fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);          } 
          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          else if  (s2==-5) { 
            printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)  
            fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
            fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);            lli= log(survp); 
            jk++;          } 
          }          else{
          printf("\n");            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
          fprintf(ficres,"\n");          } 
        }          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
      }          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
    }          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
              ipmx +=1;
    k=1;          sw += weight[i];
    fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
    if(mle==1)          /* if (lli < log(mytinydouble)){ */
      printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");          /*   printf("Close to inf lli = %.10lf <  %.10lf i= %d mi= %d, s[%d][i]=%d s1=%d s2=%d\n", lli,log(mytinydouble), i, mi,mw[mi][i], s[mw[mi][i]][i], s1,s2); */
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");          /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Close to inf lli = %.10lf i= %d mi= %d, s[mw[mi][i]][i]=%d\n", lli, i, mi,s[mw[mi][i]][i]); */
    for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){          /* } */
      /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;        } /* end of wave */
          i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;      } /* end of individual */
          fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);    }  else if(mle==2){
          printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
      fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
      if(mle==1)        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
        printf("%3d",i);          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
      fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
      for(j=1; j<=i;j++){              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
        fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
        if(mle==1)            }
          printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
        fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            newm=savm;
      }            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
      fprintf(ficres,"\n");            cov[2]=agexact;
      if(mle==1)            if(nagesqr==1)
        printf("\n");              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
      k++;              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
    }            }
                out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
      ungetc(c,ficpar);            savm=oldm;
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            oldm=newm;
      puts(line);          } /* end mult */
      fputs(line,ficparo);        
    }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
    ungetc(c,ficpar);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
    estepm=0;          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
    fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
    if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;          ipmx +=1;
    if (fage <= 2) {          sw += weight[i];
      bage = ageminpar;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
      fage = agemaxpar;        } /* end of wave */
    }      } /* end of individual */
        }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
    fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
    fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
    fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
              for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
      ungetc(c,ficpar);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      puts(line);            }
      fputs(line,ficparo);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
    }            newm=savm;
    ungetc(c,ficpar);            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
              cov[2]=agexact;
    fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);            if(nagesqr==1)
    fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
    fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
                  cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            }
      ungetc(c,ficpar);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
      puts(line);            savm=oldm;
      fputs(line,ficparo);            oldm=newm;
    }          } /* end mult */
    ungetc(c,ficpar);        
            s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
           ipmx +=1;
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);          sw += weight[i];
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);            ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);          } /* end of wave */
        } /* end of individual */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     puts(line);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   }            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
               savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);            }
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);            newm=savm;
             agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             cov[2]=agexact;
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            if(nagesqr==1)
     ungetc(c,ficpar);              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     puts(line);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
     fputs(line,ficparo);            }
   }          
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                          1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);            savm=oldm;
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);            oldm=newm;
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);          } /* end mult */
         
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");          } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);              survp += out[s1][j];
   }            lli= log(survp);
   fclose(ficgp);          }else{
  printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/          }
           ipmx +=1;
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);          sw += weight[i];
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);        } /* end of wave */
   }      } /* end of individual */
     }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
   fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
 \n        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
  <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n            }
  - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);            newm=savm;
   fclose(fichtm);            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             cov[2]=agexact;
  printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);            if(nagesqr==1)
                cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
  chdir(path);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
              }
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);          
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);                           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
  free_ivector(num,1,n);            savm=oldm;
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);            oldm=newm;
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/          } /* end mult */
  fclose(ficparo);        
  fclose(ficres);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/          ipmx +=1;
            sw += weight[i];
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {        } /* end of wave */
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;      } /* end of individual */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;    } /* End of if */
   }    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");    return -l;
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");  }
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);  
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
    double funcone( double *x)
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  {
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    /* Same as func but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    int ioffset=0;
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    double **out;
   k=0;    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   agebase=ageminpar;    double llt;
   agelim=agemaxpar;    int s1, s2;
   ftolpl=1.e-10;    int iv=0, iqv=0, itv=0, iqtv=0 ; /* Index of varying covariate, fixed quantitative cov, time varying covariate, quantitative time varying covariate */
   i1=cptcoveff;  
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}    double bbh, survp;
     double agexact;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    double agebegin, ageend;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    /*extern weight */
         k=k+1;    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
         printf("\n#******");      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");    */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    cov[1]=1.;
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    ioffset=0;
         }    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");      /* ioffset=2+nagesqr+cptcovage; */
         printf("******\n");      ioffset=2+nagesqr;
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");      /* Fixed */
              /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i]; */
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){      /* for (k=1; k<=ncoveff;k++){ /\* Simple and product fixed Dummy covariates without age* products *\/ */
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);      for (k=1; k<=ncovf;k++){ /* Simple and product fixed covariates without age* products */
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );        cov[ioffset+TvarFind[k]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[k]]][i];/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V1 is fixed (k=6)*/
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  /*    cov[ioffset+TvarFind[1]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[1]]][i];  */
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);  /*    cov[2+6]=covar[Tvar[6]][i];  */
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");  /*    cov[2+6]=covar[2][i]; V2  */
         }  /*    cov[TvarFind[2]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[2]]][i];  */
       }  /*    cov[2+7]=covar[Tvar[7]][i];  */
     }  /*    cov[2+7]=covar[7][i]; V7=V1*V2  */
   fclose(ficrespl);  /*    cov[TvarFind[3]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[3]]][i];  */
   /*    cov[2+9]=covar[Tvar[9]][i];  */
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/  /*    cov[2+9]=covar[1][i]; V1  */
        }
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);      /* for (k=1; k<=nqfveff;k++){ /\* Simple and product fixed Quantitative covariates without age* products *\/ */
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {      /*   cov[++ioffset]=coqvar[TvarFQ[k]][i];/\* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V2 and V1*V2 is fixed (k=6 and 7?)*\/ */
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;      /* } */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;      /* for(iqv=1; iqv <= nqfveff; iqv++){ /\* Quantitative fixed covariates *\/ */
   }      /*   cov[++ioffset]=coqvar[Tvar[iqv]][i]; /\* Only V2 k=6 and V1*V2 7 *\/ */
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);      /* } */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);      
    
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  /* Varying with waves */
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/      /* Wave varying (but not age varying) */
         for(k=1; k <= ncovv ; k++){ /* Varying  covariates (single and product but no age )*/
   agelim=AGESUP;          /* cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]][i]; */
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */          cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]-ncovcol-nqv][i];
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        }
         /* for(itv=1; itv <= ntveff; itv++){ /\* Varying dummy covariates (single??)*\/ */
   /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/        /* iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[ioffset-2-nagesqr-cptcovage+itv]]-ncovcol-nqv; /\* Counting the # varying covariate from 1 to ntveff *\/ */
         /* cov[ioffset+iv]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][iv][i]; */
   k=0;        /* k=ioffset-2-nagesqr-cptcovage+itv; /\* position in simple model *\/ */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){        /* cov[ioffset+itv]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]; */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){        /* printf(" i=%d,mi=%d,itv=%d,TmodelInvind[itv]=%d,cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]=%f\n", i, mi, itv, TmodelInvind[itv],cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]); */
       k=k+1;        /* for(iqtv=1; iqtv <= nqtveff; iqtv++){ /\* Varying quantitatives covariates *\/ */
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");        /*        iv=TmodelInvQind[iqtv]; /\* Counting the # varying covariate from 1 to ntveff *\/ */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        /*        /\* printf(" i=%d,mi=%d,iqtv=%d,TmodelInvQind[iqtv]=%d,cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]=%f\n", i, mi, iqtv, TmodelInvQind[iqtv],cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]); *\/ */
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        /*        cov[ioffset+ntveff+iqtv]=cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]; */
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");        /* } */
                for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           }
           /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/        
         agebegin=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]; /* Age at beginning of effective wave */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        ageend=agev[mw[mi][i]][i] + (dh[mi][i])*stepm/YEARM; /* Age at end of effective wave and at the end of transition */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){  /* Delay between two effective waves */
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);          /* for(d=0; d<=0; d++){  /\* Delay between two effective waves Only one matrix to speed up*\/ */
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");          /*dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.*/
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)          newm=savm;
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);          agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;  /* Here d is needed */
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          cov[2]=agexact;
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          if(nagesqr==1)
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );            cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)            if(!FixedV[Tvar[Tage[kk]]])
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");            else
              }              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[Tage[kk]]-ncovcol-nqv][i]*agexact;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          }
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          /* printf("i=%d,mi=%d,d=%d,mw[mi][i]=%d\n",i, mi,d,mw[mi][i]); */
         }          /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
     }          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   }                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, */
   varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);          /*           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate)); */
           savm=oldm;
   fclose(ficrespij);          oldm=newm;
         } /* end mult */
         
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);        /* if(s2==-1){ */
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);        /*        printf(" ERROR s1=%d, s2=%d i=%d \n", s1, s2, i); */
   }        /*        /\* exit(1); *\/ */
   else{        /* } */
     erreur=108;        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);        /* bias is positive if real duration
     fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   }         */
          if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
           lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/        } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
           for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
   strcpy(filerest,"t");            survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
   strcat(filerest,fileres);          lli= log(survp);
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {        }else if (mle==1){
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;        } else if(mle==2){
   }          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);        } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
         } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
           lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
   strcpy(filerese,"e");        } else{  /* mle=0 back to 1 */
   strcat(filerese,fileres);          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {          /*lli=log(out[s1][s2]); */ /* Original formula */
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);        } /* End of if */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);        ipmx +=1;
   }        sw += weight[i];
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);        /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
         if(globpr){
   strcpy(fileresv,"v");          fprintf(ficresilk,"%09ld %6.1f %6.1f %6d %2d %2d %2d %2d %3d %15.6f %8.4f %8.3f\
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);   %11.6f %11.6f %11.6f ", \
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {                  num[i], agebegin, ageend, i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],weight[i]*gipmx/gsw,
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);                  2*weight[i]*lli,(s2==-1? -1: out[s1][s2]),(s2==-1? -1: savm[s1][s2]));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
   }            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);          }
   calagedate=-1;          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);        }
           } /* end of wave */
   k=0;  } /* end of individual */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
       k=k+1;  l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");  if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)          gipmx=ipmx;
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);          gsw=sw;
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");  }
   return -l;
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");  }
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");  /*************** function likelione ***********/
   void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*func)(double []))
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");  {
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);       the selection of individuals/waves and
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");       to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
        Plotting could be done.
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);     */
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    int k;
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);    
      if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      strcpy(fileresilk,"ILK_"); 
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      strcat(fileresilk,fileresu);
       varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0);      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
       if(popbased==1){        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased);        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
        }      }
       fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) count ageb ageend s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight weight/gpw -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
        fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i ageb agend i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight %%weight 2wlli out sav ");
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");      /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
       fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);    }
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){  
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    *fretone=(*func)(p);
         if (popbased==1) {    if(*globpri !=0){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      fclose(ficresilk);
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];      if (mle ==0)
         }        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood computed with initial parameters and mle = %d.",mle);
              else if(mle >=1)
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood computed with optimized parameters mle = %d.",mle);
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){      fprintf(fichtm," You should at least run with mle >= 1 to get starting values corresponding to the optimized parameters in order to visualize the real contribution of each individual/wave: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Equation of the model: <b>model=1+age+%s</b><br>\n",model); 
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];        
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/      for (k=1; k<= nlstate ; k++) {
           }        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probability p<sub>%dj</sub> by origin %d and destination j. Dot's sizes are related to corresponding weight: <a href=\"%s-p%dj.png\">%s-p%dj.png</a><br> \
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  <img src=\"%s-p%dj.png\">",k,k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k);
         }      }
       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- The function drawn is -2Log(L) in Log scale: by state of origin <a href=\"%s-ori.png\">%s-ori.png</a><br> \
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)  <img src=\"%s-ori.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- and by state of destination <a href=\"%s-dest.png\">%s-dest.png</a><br> \
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];  <img src=\"%s-dest.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));      fflush(fichtm);
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){    }
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));    return;
         }  }
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");  
       }  
     }  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
   }  
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);  {
     free_vector(weight,1,n);    int i,j, iter=0;
   fclose(ficreseij);    double **xi;
   fclose(ficresvij);    double fret;
   fclose(ficrest);    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   fclose(ficpar);    /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);  
    #ifdef NLOPT
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/      int creturn;
     nlopt_opt opt;
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");    /* double lb[9] = { -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL }; /\* lower bounds *\/ */
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);    double *lb;
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {    double minf; /* the minimum objective value, upon return */
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    double * p1; /* Shifted parameters from 0 instead of 1 */
     exit(0);    myfunc_data dinst, *d = &dinst;
   }  #endif
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);  
   
   k=0;    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
       k=k+1;        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    strcpy(filerespow,"POW_"); 
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
            printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    }
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
     }    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
  }      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
   fclose(ficresvpl);    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   #ifdef POWELL
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  #endif
    
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  #ifdef NLOPT
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  #ifdef NEWUOA
      opt = nlopt_create(NLOPT_LN_NEWUOA,npar);
    #else
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    opt = nlopt_create(NLOPT_LN_BOBYQA,npar);
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  #endif
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    lb=vector(0,npar-1);
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    for (i=0;i<npar;i++) lb[i]= -HUGE_VAL;
      nlopt_set_lower_bounds(opt, lb);
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    nlopt_set_initial_step1(opt, 0.1);
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);    
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    p1= (p+1); /*  p *(p+1)@8 and p *(p1)@8 are equal p1[0]=p[1] */
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    d->function = func;
     printf(" Func %.12lf \n",myfunc(npar,p1,NULL,d));
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    nlopt_set_min_objective(opt, myfunc, d);
   fclose(fichtm);    nlopt_set_xtol_rel(opt, ftol);
   fclose(ficgp);    if ((creturn=nlopt_optimize(opt, p1, &minf)) < 0) {
        printf("nlopt failed! %d\n",creturn); 
     }
   if(erreur >0){    else {
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);      printf("found minimum after %d evaluations (NLOPT=%d)\n", countcallfunc ,NLOPT);
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);      printf("found minimum at f(%g,%g) = %0.10g\n", p[0], p[1], minf);
   }else{      iter=1; /* not equal */
    printf("End of Imach\n");    }
    fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");    nlopt_destroy(opt);
   }  #endif
   printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);    free_matrix(xi,1,npar,1,npar);
   fclose(ficlog);    fclose(ficrespow);
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */    printf("\n#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/  
   /*------ End -----------*/  }
   
   /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
  end:  void hesscov(double **matcov, double **hess, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
 #ifdef windows  {
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
 #endif    /* double **hess; */
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    int i, j;
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    int *indx;
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/  
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);    double hessij(double p[], double **hess, double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
  strcat(plotcmd," ");    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
  system(plotcmd);    double gompertz(double p[]);
     /* hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar); */
 #ifdef windows  
   while (z[0] != 'q') {    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
     /* chdir(path); */    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
     scanf("%s",z);      printf("%d-",i);fflush(stdout);
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");      fprintf(ficlog,"%d-",i);fflush(ficlog);
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);     
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);       hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);      
   }      /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
 #endif          printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
 }    }
     
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
       for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
         if (j>i) { 
           printf(".%d-%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
           fprintf(ficlog,".%d-%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
           hess[i][j]=hessij(p,hess, delti,i,j,func,npar);
           
           hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
           /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
         }
       }
     }
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
     printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     
     a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     x=vector(1,npar);
     indx=ivector(1,npar);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
       for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
     ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
       x[j]=1;
       lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         matcov[i][j]=x[i];
       }
     }
   
     printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
       for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
         printf("%.6e ",hess[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%.6e ",hess[i][j]);
       }
       printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }
   
     /* printf("\n#Covariance matrix#\n"); */
     /* fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Covariance matrix#\n"); */
     /* for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  */
     /*   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  */
     /*     printf("%.6e ",matcov[i][j]); */
     /*     fprintf(ficlog,"%.6e ",matcov[i][j]); */
     /*   } */
     /*   printf("\n"); */
     /*   fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
     /* } */
   
     /* Recompute Inverse */
     /* for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) */
     /*   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j]; */
     /* ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd); */
   
     /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n"); */
   
     /* for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { */
     /*   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0; */
     /*   x[j]=1; */
     /*   lubksb(a,npar,indx,x); */
     /*   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  */
     /*     y[i][j]=x[i]; */
     /*     printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]); */
     /*     fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]); */
     /*   } */
     /*   printf("\n"); */
     /*   fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
     /* } */
   
     /* Verifying the inverse matrix */
   #ifdef DEBUGHESS
     y=matprod2(y,hess,1,npar,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   
      printf("\n#Verification: multiplying the matrix of covariance by the Hessian matrix, should be unity:#\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Verification: multiplying the matrix of covariance by the Hessian matrix. Should be unity:#\n");
   
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         printf("%.2f ",y[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%.2f ",y[i][j]);
       }
       printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }
   #endif
   
     free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(x,1,npar);
     free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
     /* free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar); */
   
   
   }
   
   /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
   double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
   { /* Around values of x, computes the function func and returns the scales delti and hessian */
     int i;
     int l=1, lmax=20;
     double k1,k2, res, fx;
     double p2[MAXPARM+1]; /* identical to x */
     double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
     int k=0,kmax=10;
     double l1;
   
     fx=func(x);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  /* Enlarging the zone around the Maximum */
       l1=pow(10,l);
       delts=delt;
       for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
         delt = delta*(l1*k);
         p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
         k1=func(p2)-fx;   /* Might be negative if too close to the theoretical maximum */
         p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
         k2=func(p2)-fx;
         /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
         res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by 2 because L and not 2*L */
         
   #ifdef DEBUGHESSII
         printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   #endif
         /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
         if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
           k=kmax;
         }
         else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
           k=kmax; l=lmax*10;
         }
         else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
           delts=delt;
         }
       } /* End loop k */
     }
     delti[theta]=delts;
     return res; 
     
   }
   
   double hessij( double x[], double **hess, double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
   {
     int i;
     int l=1, lmax=20;
     double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
     double p2[MAXPARM+1];
     int k, kmax=1;
     double v1, v2, cv12, lc1, lc2;
   
     int firstime=0;
     
     fx=func(x);
     for (k=1; k<=kmax; k=k+10) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]*k;
       k1=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]*k;
       k2=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]*k;
       k3=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]*k;
       k4=func(p2)-fx;
       res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]/k/delti[thetaj]/k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
       if(k1*k2*k3*k4 <0.){
         firstime=1;
         kmax=kmax+10;
       }
       if(kmax >=10 || firstime ==1){
         printf("Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; you could increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; you could increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
         printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti*k=%.12e deltj*k=%.12e, xi-de*k=%.12e xj-de*k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti*k=%.12e deltj*k=%.12e, xi-de*k=%.12e xj-de*k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       }
   #ifdef DEBUGHESSIJ
       v1=hess[thetai][thetai];
       v2=hess[thetaj][thetaj];
       cv12=res;
       /* Computing eigen value of Hessian matrix */
       lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
         printf("Warning: sub Hessian matrix '%d%d' does not have positive eigen values \n",thetai,thetaj);
         fprintf(ficlog, "Warning: sub Hessian matrix '%d%d' does not have positive eigen values \n",thetai,thetaj);
         printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       }
   #endif
     }
     return res;
   }
   
       /* Not done yet: Was supposed to fix if not exactly at the maximum */
   /* double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar) */
   /* { */
   /*   int i; */
   /*   int l=1, lmax=20; */
   /*   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx; */
   /*   double p2[MAXPARM+1]; */
   /*   double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4; */
   /*   int k=0,kmax=10; */
   /*   double l1; */
     
   /*   fx=func(x); */
   /*   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  /\* Enlarging the zone around the Maximum *\/ */
   /*     l1=pow(10,l); */
   /*     delts=delt; */
   /*     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){ */
   /*       delt = delti*(l1*k); */
   /*       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i]; */
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k1=func(p2)-fx; */
         
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k2=func(p2)-fx; */
         
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k3=func(p2)-fx; */
         
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k4=func(p2)-fx; */
   /*       res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /\* Because of L not 2*L *\/ */
   /* #ifdef DEBUGHESSIJ */
   /*       printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4); */
   /*       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4); */
   /* #endif */
   /*       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)|| (k4 <khi/nkhi/2.)|| (k4 <khi/nkhi/2.)){ */
   /*      k=kmax; */
   /*       } */
   /*       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif) || (k4 >khi/nkhif) || (k4 >khi/nkhif)){ /\* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. *\/ */
   /*      k=kmax; l=lmax*10; */
   /*       } */
   /*       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){  */
   /*      delts=delt; */
   /*       } */
   /*     } /\* End loop k *\/ */
   /*   } */
   /*   delti[theta]=delts; */
   /*   return res;  */
   /* } */
   
   
   /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
   void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
   { 
     int i,imax,j,k; 
     double big,dum,sum,temp; 
     double *vv; 
    
     vv=vector(1,n); 
     *d=1.0; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       big=0.0; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
         if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
       if (big == 0.0){
         printf(" Singular Hessian matrix at row %d:\n",i);
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
           printf(" a[%d][%d]=%f,",i,j,a[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," a[%d][%d]=%f,",i,j,a[i][j]);
         }
         fflush(ficlog);
         fclose(ficlog);
         nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
       }
       vv[i]=1.0/big; 
     } 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
         sum=a[i][j]; 
         for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         a[i][j]=sum; 
       } 
       big=0.0; 
       for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
         sum=a[i][j]; 
         for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
           sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         a[i][j]=sum; 
         if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
           big=dum; 
           imax=i; 
         } 
       } 
       if (j != imax) { 
         for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
           dum=a[imax][k]; 
           a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
           a[j][k]=dum; 
         } 
         *d = -(*d); 
         vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
       } 
       indx[j]=imax; 
       if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
       if (j != n) { 
         dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
         for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
       } 
     } 
     free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
   ;
   } 
   
   void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
   { 
     int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
     double sum; 
    
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       ip=indx[i]; 
       sum=b[ip]; 
       b[ip]=b[i]; 
       if (ii) 
         for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       else if (sum) ii=i; 
       b[i]=sum; 
     } 
     for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
       sum=b[i]; 
       for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
     } 
   } 
   
   void pstamp(FILE *fichier)
   {
     fprintf(fichier,"# %s.%s\n#IMaCh version %s, %s\n#%s\n# %s", optionfilefiname,optionfilext,version,copyright, fullversion, strstart);
   }
   
   void date2dmy(double date,double *day, double *month, double *year){
     double yp=0., yp1=0., yp2=0.;
     
     yp1=modf(date,&yp);/* extracts integral of date in yp  and
                           fractional in yp1 */
     *year=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     *month=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     *day=yp;
     if(*day==0) *day=1;
     if(*month==0) *month=1;
   }
   
   
   
   /************ Frequencies ********************/
   void  freqsummary(char fileres[], double p[], double pstart[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, \
                     int *Tvaraff, int *invalidvarcomb, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[], \
                     int firstpass,  int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[])
   {  /* Some frequencies as well as proposing some starting values */
     
     int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j, nj, nl, k, iv, jj=0, s1=1, s2=1;
     int iind=0, iage=0;
     int mi; /* Effective wave */
     int first;
     double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     double *x, *y, a=0.,b=0.,r=1., sa=0., sb=0.; /* for regression, y=b+m*x and r is the correlation coefficient */
     int no=0, linreg(int ifi, int ila, int *no, const double x[], const double y[], double* a, double* b, double* r, double* sa, double * sb);
     double *meanq, *stdq, *idq;
     double **meanqt;
     double *pp, **prop, *posprop, *pospropt;
     double pos=0., posproptt=0., pospropta=0., k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
     char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresphtm[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresphtmfr[FILENAMELENGTH];
     double agebegin, ageend;
       
     pp=vector(1,nlstate);
     prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE); 
     posprop=vector(1,nlstate); /* Counting the number of transition starting from a live state per age */ 
     pospropt=vector(1,nlstate); /* Counting the number of transition starting from a live state */ 
     /* prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); */
     meanq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
     stdq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
     idq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
     meanqt=matrix(1,lastpass,1,nqtveff);
     strcpy(fileresp,"P_");
     strcat(fileresp,fileresu);
     /*strcat(fileresphtm,fileresu);*/
     if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       exit(0);
     }
     
     strcpy(fileresphtm,subdirfext(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"));
     if((ficresphtm=fopen(fileresphtm,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with prevalence HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtm,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtm,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       exit(70); 
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficresphtm,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh PHTM_ %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n                                    \
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
               fileresphtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
     fprintf(ficresphtm,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies and prevalence by age at begin of transition and dummy covariate value at beginning of transition</h4>\n",fileresphtm, fileresphtm);
     
     strcpy(fileresphtmfr,subdirfext(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"));
     if((ficresphtmfr=fopen(fileresphtmfr,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with frequency table HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtmfr,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with frequency table HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtmfr,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       exit(70); 
     } else{
       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh PHTM_Frequency table %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n                                    \
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
               fileresphtmfr,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
     fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies of all effective transitions of the model, by age at begin of transition, and covariate value at the begin of transition (if the covariate is a varying covariate) </h4>Unknown status is -1<br/>\n",fileresphtmfr, fileresphtmfr);
     
     y= vector(iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     x= vector(iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     j1=0;
     
     /* j=ncoveff;  /\* Only fixed dummy covariates *\/ */
     j=cptcoveff;  /* Only dummy covariates of the model */
     if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     
     
     /* Detects if a combination j1 is empty: for a multinomial variable like 3 education levels:
        reference=low_education V1=0,V2=0
        med_educ                V1=1 V2=0, 
        high_educ               V1=0 V2=1
        Then V1=1 and V2=1 is a noisy combination that we want to exclude for the list 2**cptcoveff 
     */
     dateintsum=0;
     k2cpt=0;
   
     if(cptcoveff == 0 )
       nl=1;  /* Constant and age model only */
     else
       nl=2;
   
     /* if a constant only model, one pass to compute frequency tables and to write it on ficresp */
     /* Loop on nj=1 or 2 if dummy covariates j!=0
      *   Loop on j1(1 to 2**cptcoveff) covariate combination
      *     freq[s1][s2][iage] =0.
      *     Loop on iind
      *       ++freq[s1][s2][iage] weighted
      *     end iind
      *     if covariate and j!0
      *       headers Variable on one line
      *     endif cov j!=0
      *     header of frequency table by age
      *     Loop on age
      *       pp[s1]+=freq[s1][s2][iage] weighted
      *       pos+=freq[s1][s2][iage] weighted
      *       Loop on s1 initial state
      *         fprintf(ficresp
      *       end s1
      *     end age
      *     if j!=0 computes starting values
      *     end compute starting values
      *   end j1
      * end nl 
      */
     for (nj = 1; nj <= nl; nj++){   /* nj= 1 constant model, nl number of loops. */
       if(nj==1)
         j=0;  /* First pass for the constant */
       else{
         j=cptcoveff; /* Other passes for the covariate values */
       }
       first=1;
       for (j1 = 1; j1 <= (int) pow(2,j); j1++){ /* Loop on all covariates combination of the model, excluding quantitatives, V4=0, V3=0 for example, fixed or varying covariates */
         posproptt=0.;
         /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
           scanf("%d", i);*/
         for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
           for (s2=-5; s2<=nlstate+ndeath; s2++)  
             for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
               freq[i][s2][m]=0;
         
         for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  {
           for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
             prop[i][m]=0;
           posprop[i]=0;
           pospropt[i]=0;
         }
         for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) { /* zeroing for each combination j1 as well as for the total */
           idq[z1]=0.;
           meanq[z1]=0.;
           stdq[z1]=0.;
         }
         /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqtveff; z1++) { */
         /*   for(m=1;m<=lastpass;m++){ */
         /*          meanqt[m][z1]=0.; */
         /*        } */
         /* }       */
         /* dateintsum=0; */
         /* k2cpt=0; */
         
         /* For that combination of covariates j1 (V4=1 V3=0 for example), we count and print the frequencies in one pass */
         for (iind=1; iind<=imx; iind++) { /* For each individual iind */
           bool=1;
           if(j !=0){
             if(anyvaryingduminmodel==0){ /* If All fixed covariates */
               if (cptcoveff >0) { /* Filter is here: Must be looked at for model=V1+V2+V3+V4 */
                 for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) { /* loops on covariates in the model */
                   /* if(Tvaraff[z1] ==-20){ */
                   /*       /\* sumnew+=cotvar[mw[mi][iind]][z1][iind]; *\/ */
                   /* }else  if(Tvaraff[z1] ==-10){ */
                   /*       /\* sumnew+=coqvar[z1][iind]; *\/ */
                   /* }else  */
                   if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]){ /* for combination j1 of covariates */
                     /* Tests if the value of the covariate z1 for this individual iind responded to combination j1 (V4=1 V3=0) */
                     bool=0; /* bool should be equal to 1 to be selected, one covariate value failed */
                     /* printf("bool=%d i=%d, z1=%d, Tvaraff[%d]=%d, covar[Tvarff][%d]=%2f, codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, nbcode[Tvaraff][codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, j1=%d\n", 
                        bool,i,z1, z1, Tvaraff[z1],i,covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i],j1,z1,codtabm(j1,z1),
                        j1,z1,nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)],j1);*/
                     /* For j1=7 in V1+V2+V3+V4 = 0 1 1 0 and codtabm(7,3)=1 and nbcde[3][?]=1*/
                   } /* Onlyf fixed */
                 } /* end z1 */
               } /* cptcovn > 0 */
             } /* end any */
           }/* end j==0 */
           if (bool==1){ /* We selected an individual iind satisfying combination j1 (V4=1 V3=0) or all fixed covariates */
             /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){ */
             for(mi=1; mi<wav[iind];mi++){ /* For each wave */
               m=mw[mi][iind];
               if(j!=0){
                 if(anyvaryingduminmodel==1){ /* Some are varying covariates */
                   for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) {
                     if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]==1){
                       iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]]-ncovcol-nqv;
                       if (cotvar[m][iv][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) /* iv=1 to ntv, right modality. If covariate's 
                                                                                         value is -1, we don't select. It differs from the 
                                                                                         constant and age model which counts them. */
                         bool=0; /* not selected */
                     }else if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]== 0) { /* fixed */
                       if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) {
                         bool=0;
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 }/* Some are varying covariates, we tried to speed up if all fixed covariates in the model, avoiding waves loop  */
               } /* end j==0 */
               /* bool =0 we keep that guy which corresponds to the combination of dummy values */
               if(bool==1){ /*Selected */
                 /* dh[m][iind] or dh[mw[mi][iind]][iind] is the delay between two effective (mi) waves m=mw[mi][iind]
                    and mw[mi+1][iind]. dh depends on stepm. */
                 agebegin=agev[m][iind]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
                 ageend=agev[m][iind]+(dh[m][iind])*stepm/YEARM; /* Age at end of wave and transition */
                 if(m >=firstpass && m <=lastpass){
                   k2=anint[m][iind]+(mint[m][iind]/12.);
                   /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
                   if(agev[m][iind]==0) agev[m][iind]=iagemax+1;  /* All ages equal to 0 are in iagemax+1 */
                   if(agev[m][iind]==1) agev[m][iind]=iagemax+2;  /* All ages equal to 1 are in iagemax+2 */
                   if (s[m][iind]>0 && s[m][iind]<=nlstate)  /* If status at wave m is known and a live state */
                     prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind];  /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   if (m<lastpass) {
                     /* if(s[m][iind]==4 && s[m+1][iind]==4) */
                     /*   printf(" num=%ld m=%d, iind=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d\n", num[iind], m, iind,s[m][iind],s[m+1][iind], (int)agev[m][iind]); */
                     if(s[m][iind]==-1)
                       printf(" num=%ld m=%d, iind=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d agebegin=%.2f ageend=%.2f, agemed=%d\n", num[iind], m, iind,s[m][iind],s[m+1][iind], (int)agev[m][iind],agebegin, ageend, (int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.));
                     freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind]; /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                     for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) { /* Quantitative variables, calculating mean */
                       idq[z1]=idq[z1]+weight[iind];
                       meanq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind];  /* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter */
                       stdq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind]*weight[iind]; /* *weight[iind];*/  /* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter */
                     }
                     /* if((int)agev[m][iind] == 55) */
                     /*   printf("j=%d, j1=%d Age %d, iind=%d, num=%09ld m=%d\n",j,j1,(int)agev[m][iind],iind, num[iind],m); */
                     /* freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][(int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.)] += weight[iind]; */
                     freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][iagemax+3] += weight[iind]; /* Total is in iagemax+3 *//* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   }
                 } /* end if between passes */  
                 if ((agev[m][iind]>1) && (agev[m][iind]< (iagemax+3)) && (anint[m][iind]!=9999) && (mint[m][iind]!=99) && (j==0)) {
                   dateintsum=dateintsum+k2; /* on all covariates ?*/
                   k2cpt++;
                   /* printf("iind=%ld dateintmean = %lf dateintsum=%lf k2cpt=%lf k2=%lf\n",iind, dateintsum/k2cpt, dateintsum,k2cpt, k2); */
                 }
               }else{
                 bool=1;
               }/* end bool 2 */
             } /* end m */
             /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) { /\* Quantitative variables, calculating mean *\/ */
             /*   idq[z1]=idq[z1]+weight[iind]; */
             /*   meanq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind];  /\* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter *\/ */
             /*   stdq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind]*weight[iind]; /\* *weight[iind];*\/  /\* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter *\/ */
             /* } */
           } /* end bool */
         } /* end iind = 1 to imx */
         /* prop[s][age] is feeded for any initial and valid live state as well as
            freq[s1][s2][age] at single age of beginning the transition, for a combination j1 */
         
         
         /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
         if(cptcoveff==0 && nj==1) /* no covariate and first pass */
           pstamp(ficresp);
         if  (cptcoveff>0 && j!=0){
           pstamp(ficresp);
           printf( "\n#********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficlog, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
             if(!FixedV[Tvaraff[z1]]){
               printf( "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresp, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtm, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficlog, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
             }else{
               printf( "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresp, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtm, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficlog, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
             }
           }
           printf( "**********\n#");
           fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
           fprintf(ficresphtm, "**********</h3>\n");
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "**********</h3>\n");
           fprintf(ficlog, "**********\n");
         }
         /*
           Printing means of quantitative variables if any
         */
         for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) {
           fprintf(ficlog,"Mean of fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f individuals sum=%f", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1], meanq[z1]);
           fprintf(ficlog,", mean=%.3g\n",meanq[z1]/idq[z1]);
           if(weightopt==1){
             printf(" Weighted mean and standard deviation of");
             fprintf(ficlog," Weighted mean and standard deviation of");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr," Weighted mean and standard deviation of");
           }
           printf(" fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f representatives of the population : %6.3g (%6.3g)\n", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1],meanq[z1]/idq[z1], sqrt((stdq[z1]-meanq[z1]*meanq[z1]/idq[z1])/idq[z1]));
           fprintf(ficlog," fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f representatives of the population : %6.3g (%6.3g)\n", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1],meanq[z1]/idq[z1], sqrt((stdq[z1]-meanq[z1]*meanq[z1]/idq[z1])/idq[z1]));
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr," fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f representatives of the population : %6.3g (%6.3g)<p>\n", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1],meanq[z1]/idq[z1], sqrt((stdq[z1]-meanq[z1]*meanq[z1]/idq[z1])/idq[z1]));
         }
         /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqtveff; z1++) { */
         /*        for(m=1;m<=lastpass;m++){ */
         /*          fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"V quantitative id %d, pass id=%d, mean=%f<p>\n", z1, m, meanqt[m][z1]); */
         /*   } */
         /* } */
   
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
         if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) /* no covariate and first pass */
           fprintf(ficresp, " Age");
         if(nj==2) for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, " V%d=%d",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
           if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) fprintf(ficresp," Prev(%d)  N(%d)  N  ",i,i);
           fprintf(ficresphtm, "<th>Age</th><th>Prev(%d)</th><th>N(%d)</th><th>N</th>",i,i);
         }
         if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
         fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n");
         
         /* Header of frequency table by age */
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>Age</th> ");
         for(s2=-1; s2 <=nlstate+ndeath; s2++){
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
             if(s2!=0 && m!=0)
               fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>%d%d</th> ",s2,m);
           }
         }
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n");
       
         /* For each age */
         for(iage=iagemin; iage <= iagemax+3; iage++){
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr>");
           if(iage==iagemax+1){
             fprintf(ficlog,"1");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>0</th> ");
           }else if(iage==iagemax+2){
             fprintf(ficlog,"0");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Unknown</th> ");
           }else if(iage==iagemax+3){
             fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Total</th> ");
           }else{
             if(first==1){
               first=0;
               printf("See log file for details...\n");
             }
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>%d</th> ",iage);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", iage);
           }
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             for(m=-1, pp[s1]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
               pp[s1] += freq[s1][m][iage]; 
           }
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
               pos += freq[s1][m][iage];
             if(pp[s1]>=1.e-10){
               if(first==1){
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pos/pp[s1]);
               }
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pos/pp[s1]);
             }else{
               if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
             }
           }
         
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){ 
             /* posprop[s1]=0; */
             for(m=0, pp[s1]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)/* Summing on all ages */
               pp[s1] += freq[s1][m][iage];
           }       /* pp[s1] is the total number of transitions starting from state s1 and any ending status until this age */
         
           for(s1=1,pos=0, pospropta=0.; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             pos += pp[s1]; /* pos is the total number of transitions until this age */
             posprop[s1] += prop[s1][iage]; /* prop is the number of transitions from a live state
                                               from s1 at age iage prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind] */
             pospropta += prop[s1][iage]; /* prop is the number of transitions from a live state
                                             from s1 at age iage prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind] */
           }
           
           /* Writing ficresp */
           if(cptcoveff==0 && nj==1){ /* no covariate and first pass */
             if( iage <= iagemax){
               fprintf(ficresp," %d",iage);
             }
           }else if( nj==2){
             if( iage <= iagemax){
               fprintf(ficresp," %d",iage);
               for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, " %d %d",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
             }
           }
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             if(pos>=1.e-5){
               if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pp[s1]/pos);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pp[s1]/pos);
             }else{
               if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
             }
             if( iage <= iagemax){
               if(pos>=1.e-5){
                 if(cptcoveff==0 && nj==1){ /* no covariate and first pass */
                   fprintf(ficresp," %.5f %.0f %.0f",prop[s1][iage]/pospropta, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 }else if( nj==2){
                   fprintf(ficresp," %.5f %.0f %.0f",prop[s1][iage]/pospropta, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 }
                 fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",iage,prop[s1][iage]/pospropta, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 /*probs[iage][s1][j1]= pp[s1]/pos;*/
                 /*printf("\niage=%d s1=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",iage,s1,j1,pp[s1]/pos, pp[s1],pos,probs[iage][s1][j1]);*/
               } else{
                 if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) fprintf(ficresp," NaNq %.0f %.0f",prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>NaNq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",iage, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
               }
             }
             pospropt[s1] +=posprop[s1];
           } /* end loop s1 */
           /* pospropt=0.; */
           for(s1=-1; s1 <=nlstate+ndeath; s1++){
             for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
               if(freq[s1][m][iage] !=0 ) { /* minimizing output */
                 if(first==1){
                   printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,m,freq[s1][m][iage]);
                 }
                 /* printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,m,freq[s1][m][iage]); */
                 fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",s1,m,freq[s1][m][iage]);
               }
               if(s1!=0 && m!=0)
                 fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<td>%.0f</td> ",freq[s1][m][iage]);
             }
           } /* end loop s1 */
           posproptt=0.; 
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate; s1++){
             posproptt += pospropt[s1];
           }
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</tr>\n ");
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
           if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) {
             if(iage <= iagemax)
               fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
           }
           if(first==1)
             printf("Others in log...\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         } /* end loop age iage */
         
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr><th>Tot</th>");
         for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
           if(posproptt < 1.e-5){
             fprintf(ficresphtm,"<td>Nanq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",pospropt[s1],posproptt); 
           }else{
             fprintf(ficresphtm,"<td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",pospropt[s1]/posproptt,pospropt[s1],posproptt);  
           }
         }
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"</table>\n");
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
         if(posproptt < 1.e-5){
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"\n <p><b> This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced</b></p>",j1);
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"\n <p><b> This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced</b></p>",j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"#  This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced\n",j1);
           printf("#  This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced\n",j1);
           invalidvarcomb[j1]=1;
         }else{
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"\n <p> This combination (%d) is valid and result will be produced.</p>",j1);
           invalidvarcomb[j1]=0;
         }
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         if(j!=0){
           printf("#Freqsummary: Starting values for combination j1=%d:\n", j1);
           for(i=1,s1=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
             for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
               if (k != i) {
                 for(jj=1; jj <=ncovmodel; jj++){ /* For counting s1 */
                   if(jj==1){  /* Constant case (in fact cste + age) */
                     if(j1==1){ /* All dummy covariates to zero */
                       freq[i][k][iagemax+4]=freq[i][k][iagemax+3]; /* Stores case 0 0 0 */
                       freq[i][i][iagemax+4]=freq[i][i][iagemax+3]; /* Stores case 0 0 0 */
                       printf("%d%d ",i,k);
                       fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
                       printf("%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %f, OR=%f sd=%f \n",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]),freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3], sqrt(1/freq[i][k][iagemax+3]+1/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                       fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %12.7f \n",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                       pstart[s1]= log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]);
                     }
                   }else if((j1==1) && (jj==2 || nagesqr==1)){ /* age or age*age parameter without covariate V4*age (to be done later) */
                     for(iage=iagemin; iage <= iagemax+3; iage++){
                       x[iage]= (double)iage;
                       y[iage]= log(freq[i][k][iage]/freq[i][i][iage]);
                       /* printf("i=%d, k=%d, s1=%d, j1=%d, jj=%d, y[%d]=%f\n",i,k,s1,j1,jj, iage, y[iage]); */
                     }
                     /* Some are not finite, but linreg will ignore these ages */
                     no=0;
                     linreg(iagemin,iagemax,&no,x,y,&a,&b,&r, &sa, &sb ); /* y= a+b*x with standard errors */
                     pstart[s1]=b;
                     pstart[s1-1]=a;
                   }else if( j1!=1 && (j1==2 || (log(j1-1.)/log(2.)-(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))) <0.010) && ( TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]+2+nagesqr == jj)  && Dummy[jj-2-nagesqr]==0){ /* We want only if the position, jj, in model corresponds to unique covariate equal to 1 in j1 combination */ 
                     printf("j1=%d, jj=%d, (int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1=%d, TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]=%d\n",j1, jj,(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1,TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]);
                     printf("j1=%d, jj=%d, (log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1=%f, TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]=%d\n",j1, jj,(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1,TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]);
                     pstart[s1]= log((freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3])/(freq[i][k][iagemax+4]/freq[i][i][iagemax+4]));
                     printf("%d%d ",i,k);
                     fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
                     printf("s1=%d,i=%d,k=%d,p[%d]=%12.7f ln((%.0f/%.0f)/(%.0f/%.0f))= %f, OR=%f sd=%f \n",s1,i,k,s1,p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3],freq[i][k][iagemax+4],freq[i][i][iagemax+4], log((freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3])/(freq[i][k][iagemax+4]/freq[i][i][iagemax+4])),(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3])/(freq[i][k][iagemax+4]/freq[i][i][iagemax+4]), sqrt(1/freq[i][k][iagemax+3]+1/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]+1/freq[i][k][iagemax+4]+1/freq[i][i][iagemax+4]));
                   }else{ /* Other cases, like quantitative fixed or varying covariates */
                     ;
                   }
                   /* printf("%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                   /* fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                   s1++; 
                 } /* end jj */
               } /* end k!= i */
             } /* end k */
           } /* end i, s1 */
         } /* end j !=0 */
       } /* end selected combination of covariate j1 */
       if(j==0){ /* We can estimate starting values from the occurences in each case */
         printf("#Freqsummary: Starting values for the constants:\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         for(i=1,s1=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
             if (k != i) {
               printf("%d%d ",i,k);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
               for(jj=1; jj <=ncovmodel; jj++){
                 pstart[s1]=p[s1]; /* Setting pstart to p values by default */
                 if(jj==1){ /* Age has to be done */
                   pstart[s1]= log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]);
                   printf("%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %12.7f ",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                   fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %12.7f ",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                 }
                 /* printf("%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                 /* fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                 s1++; 
               }
               printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             }
           }
         } /* end of state i */
         printf("#Freqsummary\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         for(s1=-1; s1 <=nlstate+ndeath; s1++){
           for(s2=-1; s2 <=nlstate+ndeath; s2++){
             /* param[i]|j][k]= freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3] */
             printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]);
             /* if(freq[s1][s2][iage] !=0 ) { /\* minimizing output *\/ */
             /*   printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]); */
             /*   fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]); */
             /* } */
           }
         } /* end loop s1 */
         
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       } /* end j=0 */
     } /* end j */
   
     if(mle == -2){  /* We want to use these values as starting values */
       for(i=1, jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j!=i){
             /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               /*    printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
               /*    fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
               p[jk]=pstart[jk];
               printf(" %f ",pstart[jk]);
               fprintf(ficparo," %f ",pstart[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
     } /* end mle=-2 */
     dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
     date2dmy(dateintmean,&jintmean,&mintmean,&aintmean);
     
     fclose(ficresp);
     fclose(ficresphtm);
     fclose(ficresphtmfr);
     free_vector(idq,1,nqfveff);
     free_vector(meanq,1,nqfveff);
     free_vector(stdq,1,nqfveff);
     free_matrix(meanqt,1,lastpass,1,nqtveff);
     free_vector(x, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(y, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(pospropt,1,nlstate);
     free_vector(posprop,1,nlstate);
     free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
     /* End of freqsummary */
   }
   
   /* Simple linear regression */
   int linreg(int ifi, int ila, int *no, const double x[], const double y[], double* a, double* b, double* r, double* sa, double * sb) {
   
     /* y=a+bx regression */
     double   sumx = 0.0;                        /* sum of x                      */
     double   sumx2 = 0.0;                       /* sum of x**2                   */
     double   sumxy = 0.0;                       /* sum of x * y                  */
     double   sumy = 0.0;                        /* sum of y                      */
     double   sumy2 = 0.0;                       /* sum of y**2                   */
     double   sume2 = 0.0;                       /* sum of square or residuals */
     double yhat;
     
     double denom=0;
     int i;
     int ne=*no;
     
     for ( i=ifi, ne=0;i<=ila;i++) {
       if(!isfinite(x[i]) || !isfinite(y[i])){
         /* printf(" x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f\n",i,x[i],i,y[i]); */
         continue;
       }
       ne=ne+1;
       sumx  += x[i];       
       sumx2 += x[i]*x[i];  
       sumxy += x[i] * y[i];
       sumy  += y[i];      
       sumy2 += y[i]*y[i]; 
       denom = (ne * sumx2 - sumx*sumx);
       /* printf("ne=%d, i=%d,x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f sumx=%f, sumx2=%f, sumxy=%f, sumy=%f, sumy2=%f, denom=%f\n",ne,i,i,x[i],i,y[i], sumx, sumx2,sumxy, sumy, sumy2,denom); */
     } 
     
     denom = (ne * sumx2 - sumx*sumx);
     if (denom == 0) {
       // vertical, slope m is infinity
       *b = INFINITY;
       *a = 0;
       if (r) *r = 0;
       return 1;
     }
     
     *b = (ne * sumxy  -  sumx * sumy) / denom;
     *a = (sumy * sumx2  -  sumx * sumxy) / denom;
     if (r!=NULL) {
       *r = (sumxy - sumx * sumy / ne) /          /* compute correlation coeff     */
         sqrt((sumx2 - sumx*sumx/ne) *
              (sumy2 - sumy*sumy/ne));
     }
     *no=ne;
     for ( i=ifi, ne=0;i<=ila;i++) {
       if(!isfinite(x[i]) || !isfinite(y[i])){
         /* printf(" x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f\n",i,x[i],i,y[i]); */
         continue;
       }
       ne=ne+1;
       yhat = y[i] - *a -*b* x[i];
       sume2  += yhat * yhat ;       
       
       denom = (ne * sumx2 - sumx*sumx);
       /* printf("ne=%d, i=%d,x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f sumx=%f, sumx2=%f, sumxy=%f, sumy=%f, sumy2=%f, denom=%f\n",ne,i,i,x[i],i,y[i], sumx, sumx2,sumxy, sumy, sumy2,denom); */
     } 
     *sb = sqrt(sume2/(double)(ne-2)/(sumx2 - sumx * sumx /(double)ne));
     *sa= *sb * sqrt(sumx2/ne);
     
     return 0; 
   }
   
   /************ Prevalence ********************/
   void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
   {  
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
    
     int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j, iv;
     int mi; /* Effective wave */
     int iage;
     double agebegin, ageend;
   
     double **prop;
     double posprop; 
     double  y2; /* in fractional years */
     int iagemin, iagemax;
     int first; /** to stop verbosity which is redirected to log file */
   
     iagemin= (int) agemin;
     iagemax= (int) agemax;
     /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
     prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE); 
     /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
     j1=0;
     
     /*j=cptcoveff;*/
     if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     
     first=0;
     for(j1=1; j1<= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);j1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
         for(iage=iagemin-AGEMARGE; iage <= iagemax+4+AGEMARGE; iage++)
           prop[i][iage]=0.0;
       printf("Prevalence combination of varying and fixed dummies %d\n",j1);
       /* fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j1],nbcode[Tvaraff[j1]][codtabm(k,j1)]); */
       fprintf(ficlog,"Prevalence combination of varying and fixed dummies %d\n",j1);
       
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
         bool=1;
         /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/\* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*\/ */
         for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){ /* For this wave too look where individual can be counted V4=0 V3=0 */
           m=mw[mi][i];
           /* Tmodelind[z1]=k is the position of the varying covariate in the model, but which # within 1 to ntv? */
           /* Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]] is the n of Vn; n-ncovcol-nqv is the first time varying covariate or iv */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
             if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]==1){
               iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]]-ncovcol-nqv;
               if (cotvar[m][iv][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) /* iv=1 to ntv, right modality */
                 bool=0;
             }else if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]== 0)  /* fixed */
               if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) {
                 bool=0;
               }
           }
           if(bool==1){ /* Otherwise we skip that wave/person */
             agebegin=agev[m][i]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
             /* ageend=agev[m][i]+(dh[m][i])*stepm/YEARM; /\* Age at end of wave and transition *\/ */
             if(m >=firstpass && m <=lastpass){
               y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
               if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
                 if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
                 if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
                 if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin-AGEMARGE || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+4+AGEMARGE){
                   printf("Error on individual # %d agev[m][i]=%f <%d-%d or > %d+3+%d  m=%d; either change agemin or agemax or fix data\n",i, agev[m][i],iagemin,AGEMARGE, iagemax,AGEMARGE,m); 
                   exit(1);
                 }
                 if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
                   /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
                   prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];/* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
                 } /* end valid statuses */ 
               } /* end selection of dates */
             } /* end selection of waves */
           } /* end bool */
         } /* end wave */
       } /* end individual */
       for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
         for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
           posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
         } 
         
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){       
           if( i <=  iagemax){ 
             if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
               probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
             } else{
               if(!first){
                 first=1;
                 printf("Warning Observed prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases\nSee others in log file...\n",jk,i,jk, j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
               }else{
                 fprintf(ficlog,"Warning Observed prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases.\n",jk,i,jk, j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
               }
             }
           } 
         }/* end jk */ 
       }/* end i */ 
        /*} *//* end i1 */
     } /* end j1 */
     
     /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
     /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
     free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
   }  /* End of prevalence */
   
   /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   
   void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
   {
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves in the sense that a non interview is useless) of individual i.
        Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
        dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
        and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm. s[m][i] exists for any wave from firstpass to lastpass
     */
   
     int i=0, mi=0, m=0, mli=0;
     /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
        double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
     int first=0, firstwo=0, firsthree=0, firstfour=0, firstfiv=0;
     int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
     double sum=0.;
     first=0;
     firstwo=0;
     firsthree=0;
     firstfour=0;
     jmin=100000;
     jmax=-1;
     jmean=0.;
   
   /* Treating live states */
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  /* For simple cases and if state is death */
       mi=0;  /* First valid wave */
       mli=0; /* Last valid wave */
       m=firstpass;
       while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){  /* a live state */
         if(m >firstpass && s[m][i]==s[m-1][i] && mint[m][i]==mint[m-1][i] && anint[m][i]==anint[m-1][i]){/* Two succesive identical information on wave m */
           mli=m-1;/* mw[++mi][i]=m-1; */
         }else if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){ /* Since 0.98r4 if status=-2 vital status is really unknown, wave should be skipped */
           mw[++mi][i]=m;
           mli=m;
         } /* else might be a useless wave  -1 and mi is not incremented and mw[mi] not updated */
         if(m < lastpass){ /* m < lastpass, standard case */
           m++; /* mi gives the "effective" current wave, m the current wave, go to next wave by incrementing m */
         }
         else{ /* m >= lastpass, eventual special issue with warning */
   #ifdef UNKNOWNSTATUSNOTCONTRIBUTING
           break;
   #else
           if(s[m][i]==-1 && (int) andc[i] == 9999 && (int)anint[m][i] != 9999){
             if(firsthree == 0){
               printf("Information! Unknown status for individual %ld line=%d occurred at last wave %d at known date %d/%d. Please, check if your unknown date of death %d/%d means a live state %d at wave %d. This case(%d)/wave(%d) contributes to the likelihood as 1-p_{%d%d} .\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], s[m][i], m, i, m, s[m][i], nlstate+ndeath);
               firsthree=1;
             }
             fprintf(ficlog,"Information! Unknown status for individual %ld line=%d occurred at last wave %d at known date %d/%d. Please, check if your unknown date of death %d/%d means a live state %d at wave %d. This case(%d)/wave(%d) contributes to the likelihood as 1-p_{%d%d} .\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], s[m][i], m, i, m, s[m][i], nlstate+ndeath);
             mw[++mi][i]=m;
             mli=m;
           }
           if(s[m][i]==-2){ /* Vital status is really unknown */
             nbwarn++;
             if((int)anint[m][i] == 9999){  /*  Has the vital status really been verified? */
               printf("Warning! Vital status for individual %ld (line=%d) at last wave %d interviewed at date %d/%d is unknown %d. Please, check if the vital status and the date of death %d/%d are really unknown. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], i, m);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Vital status for individual %ld (line=%d) at last wave %d interviewed at date %d/%d is unknown %d. Please, check if the vital status and the date of death %d/%d are really unknown. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], i, m);
             }
             break;
           }
           break;
   #endif
         }/* End m >= lastpass */
       }/* end while */
   
       /* mi is the last effective wave, m is lastpass, mw[j][i] gives the # of j-th effective wave for individual i */
       /* After last pass */
   /* Treating death states */
       if (s[m][i] > nlstate){  /* In a death state */
         /* if( mint[m][i]==mdc[m][i] && anint[m][i]==andc[m][i]){ /\* same date of death and date of interview *\/ */
         /* } */
         mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
         /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
         /* Only death is a correct wave */
         mw[mi][i]=m;
       } /* else not in a death state */
   #ifndef DISPATCHINGKNOWNDEATHAFTERLASTWAVE
       else if ((int) andc[i] != 9999) {  /* Date of death is known */
         if ((int)anint[m][i]!= 9999) { /* date of last interview is known */
           if((andc[i]+moisdc[i]/12.) <=(anint[m][i]+mint[m][i]/12.)){ /* death occured before last wave and status should have been death instead of -1 */
             nbwarn++;
             if(firstfiv==0){
               printf("Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d before last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d and should have been coded as death instead of '%d'. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is contributing to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], i,m );
               firstfiv=1;
             }else{
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d before last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d and should have been coded as death instead of '%d'. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is contributing to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], i,m );
             }
           }else{ /* Death occured afer last wave potential bias */
             nberr++;
             if(firstwo==0){
               printf("Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d after last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood. Please add a new fictive wave at the date of last vital status scan, with a dead status or alive but unknown state status (-1). See documentation\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
               firstwo=1;
             }
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d after last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood. Please add a new fictive wave at the date of last vital status scan, with a dead status or alive but unknown state status (-1). See documentation\n\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
           }
         }else{ /* if date of interview is unknown */
           /* death is known but not confirmed by death status at any wave */
           if(firstfour==0){
             printf("Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred %d/%d but not confirmed by any death status for any wave, including last wave %d at unknown date %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
             firstfour=1;
           }
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred %d/%d but not confirmed by any death status for any wave, including last wave %d at unknown date %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
         }
       } /* end if date of death is known */
   #endif
       wav[i]=mi; /* mi should be the last effective wave (or mli) */
       /* wav[i]=mw[mi][i]; */
       if(mi==0){
         nbwarn++;
         if(first==0){
           printf("Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
           first=1;
         }
         if(first==1){
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
         }
       } /* end mi==0 */
     } /* End individuals */
     /* wav and mw are no more changed */
           
     
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
         if (stepm <=0)
           dh[mi][i]=1;
         else{
           if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death, but what if date is unknown? */
             if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
               j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
               if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
               else if(j<0){
                 nberr++;
                 printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                 j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
                 printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
               }
               k=k+1;
               if (j >= jmax){
                 jmax=j;
                 ijmax=i;
               }
               if (j <= jmin){
                 jmin=j;
                 ijmin=i;
               }
               sum=sum+j;
               /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
               /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
             }
           }
           else{
             j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
   /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
                                           
             k=k+1;
             if (j >= jmax) {
               jmax=j;
               ijmax=i;
             }
             else if (j <= jmin){
               jmin=j;
               ijmin=i;
             }
             /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
             /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
             if(j<0){
               nberr++;
               printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
             }
             sum=sum+j;
           }
           jk= j/stepm;
           jl= j -jk*stepm;
           ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
           if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
             if(jl==0){
               dh[mi][i]=jk;
               bh[mi][i]=0;
             }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
                     * to avoid the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
               dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
               bh[mi][i]=ju;
             }
           }else{
             if(jl <= -ju){
               dh[mi][i]=jk;
               bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
                                    * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
                                    */
             }
             else{
               dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
               bh[mi][i]=ju;
             }
             if(dh[mi][i]==0){
               dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
               bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
               /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
             }
           } /* end if mle */
         }
       } /* end wave */
     }
     jmean=sum/k;
     printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, num[ijmin], jmax, num[ijmax], jmean);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %d) Max=%d (%d) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, ijmin, jmax, ijmax, jmean);
   }
   
   /*********** Tricode ****************************/
    void tricode(int *cptcov, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx, int *Ndum)
    {
      /**< Uses cptcovn+2*cptcovprod as the number of covariates */
      /*     Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  find 'n' in Vn and stores in Tvar. If model=V2+V1 Tvar[1]=2 and Tvar[2]=1 
       * Boring subroutine which should only output nbcode[Tvar[j]][k]
       * Tvar[5] in V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is 4 (V4) even it is a time varying or quantitative variable
       * nbcode[Tvar[5]][1]= nbcode[4][1]=0, nbcode[4][2]=1 (usually);
       */
   
      int ij=1, k=0, j=0, i=0, maxncov=NCOVMAX;
      int modmaxcovj=0; /* Modality max of covariates j */
      int cptcode=0; /* Modality max of covariates j */
      int modmincovj=0; /* Modality min of covariates j */
   
   
      /* cptcoveff=0;  */
      /* *cptcov=0; */
    
      for (k=1; k <= maxncov; k++) ncodemax[k]=0; /* Horrible constant again replaced by NCOVMAX */
      for (k=1; k <= maxncov; k++)
        for(j=1; j<=2; j++)
          nbcode[k][j]=0; /* Valgrind */
   
      /* Loop on covariates without age and products and no quantitative variable */
      for (k=1; k<=cptcovt; k++) { /* From model V1 + V2*age + V3 + V3*V4 keeps V1 + V3 = 2 only */
        for (j=-1; (j < maxncov); j++) Ndum[j]=0;
        if(Dummy[k]==0 && Typevar[k] !=1){ /* Dummy covariate and not age product */ 
          switch(Fixed[k]) {
          case 0: /* Testing on fixed dummy covariate, simple or product of fixed */
            for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Loop on individuals: reads the data file to get the maximum value of the  modality of this covariate Vj*/
              ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[k]][i]);
              /* ij=0 or 1 or -1. Value of the covariate Tvar[j] for individual i
               * If product of Vn*Vm, still boolean *:
               * If it was coded 1, 2, 3, 4 should be splitted into 3 boolean variables
               * 1 => 0 0 0, 2 => 0 0 1, 3 => 0 1 1, 4=1 0 0   */
              /* Finds for covariate j, n=Tvar[j] of Vn . ij is the
                 modality of the nth covariate of individual i. */
              if (ij > modmaxcovj)
                modmaxcovj=ij; 
              else if (ij < modmincovj) 
                modmincovj=ij; 
              if (ij <0 || ij >1 ){
                printf("Information, IMaCh doesn't treat covariate with missing values (-1), individual %d will be skipped.\n",i);
                fprintf(ficlog,"Information, currently IMaCh doesn't treat covariate with missing values (-1), individual %d will be skipped.\n",i);
              }
              if ((ij < -1) || (ij > NCOVMAX)){
                printf( "Error: minimal is less than -1 or maximal is bigger than %d. Exiting. \n", NCOVMAX );
                exit(1);
              }else
                Ndum[ij]++; /*counts and stores the occurence of this modality 0, 1, -1*/
              /*  If coded 1, 2, 3 , counts the number of 1 Ndum[1], number of 2, Ndum[2], etc */
              /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
              /* getting the maximum value of the modality of the covariate
                 (should be 0 or 1 now) Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is coded 0 and
                 female ies 1, then modmaxcovj=1.
              */
            } /* end for loop on individuals i */
            printf(" Minimal and maximal values of %d th (fixed) covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", k, Tvar[k], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
            fprintf(ficlog," Minimal and maximal values of %d th (fixed) covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", k, Tvar[k], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
            cptcode=modmaxcovj;
            /* Ndum[0] = frequency of 0 for model-covariate j, Ndum[1] frequency of 1 etc. */
            /*for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {*/
            for (j=modmincovj;  j<=modmaxcovj; j++) { /* j=-1 ? 0 and 1*//* For each value j of the modality of model-cov k */
              printf("Frequencies of (fixed) covariate %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", k, Tvar[k], j, Ndum[j]);
              fprintf(ficlog, "Frequencies of (fixed) covariate %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", k, Tvar[k], j, Ndum[j]);
              if( Ndum[j] != 0 ){ /* Counts if nobody answered modality j ie empty modality, we skip it and reorder */
                if( j != -1){
                  ncodemax[k]++;  /* ncodemax[k]= Number of modalities of the k th
                                     covariate for which somebody answered excluding 
                                     undefined. Usually 2: 0 and 1. */
                }
                ncodemaxwundef[k]++; /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the k th
                                        covariate for which somebody answered including 
                                        undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
              }    /* In fact  ncodemax[k]=2 (dichotom. variables only) but it could be more for
                    * historical reasons: 3 if coded 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Ndum[2]=0 */
            } /* Ndum[-1] number of undefined modalities */
                           
            /* j is a covariate, n=Tvar[j] of Vn; Fills nbcode */
            /* For covariate j, modalities could be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. */
            /* If Ndum[1]=0, Ndum[2]=0, Ndum[3]= 635, Ndum[4]=0, Ndum[5]=0, Ndum[6]=27, Ndum[7]=125; */
            /* modmincovj=3; modmaxcovj = 7; */
            /* There are only 3 modalities non empty 3, 6, 7 (or 2 if 27 is too few) : ncodemax[j]=3; */
            /* which will be coded 0, 1, 2 which in binary on 2=3-1 digits are 0=00 1=01, 2=10; */
            /*              defining two dummy variables: variables V1_1 and V1_2.*/
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; */
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][1]=0; */
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][2]=1; */
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][3]=2; */
            /* To be continued (not working yet). */
            ij=0; /* ij is similar to i but can jump over null modalities */
   
            /* for (i=modmincovj; i<=modmaxcovj; i++) { */ /* i= 1 to 2 for dichotomous, or from 1 to 3 or from -1 or 0 to 1 currently*/
            /* Skipping the case of missing values by reducing nbcode to 0 and 1 and not -1, 0, 1 */
            /* model=V1+V2+V3, if V2=-1, 0 or 1, then nbcode[2][1]=0 and nbcode[2][2]=1 instead of
             * nbcode[2][1]=-1, nbcode[2][2]=0 and nbcode[2][3]=1 */
            /*, could be restored in the future */
            for (i=0; i<=1; i++) { /* i= 1 to 2 for dichotomous, or from 1 to 3 or from -1 or 0 to 1 currently*/
              if (Ndum[i] == 0) { /* If nobody responded to this modality k */
                break;
              }
              ij++;
              nbcode[Tvar[k]][ij]=i;  /* stores the original value of modality i in an array nbcode, ij modality from 1 to last non-nul modality. nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1 . Could be -1*/
              cptcode = ij; /* New max modality for covar j */
            } /* end of loop on modality i=-1 to 1 or more */
            break;
          case 1: /* Testing on varying covariate, could be simple and
                   * should look at waves or product of fixed *
                   * varying. No time to test -1, assuming 0 and 1 only */
            ij=0;
            for(i=0; i<=1;i++){
              nbcode[Tvar[k]][++ij]=i;
            }
            break;
          default:
            break;
          } /* end switch */
        } /* end dummy test */
      } /* end of loop on model-covariate k. nbcode[Tvark][1]=-1, nbcode[Tvark][1]=0 and nbcode[Tvark][2]=1 sets the value of covariate k*/  
     
      for (k=-1; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0; 
      /* Look at fixed dummy (single or product) covariates to check empty modalities */
      for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2-nagesqr; i++) { /* -2, cste and age and eventually age*age */ 
        /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/ 
        ij=Tvar[i]; /* Tvar 5,4,3,6,5,7,1,4 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V4*age */ 
        Ndum[ij]++; /* Count the # of 1, 2 etc: {1,1,1,2,2,1,1} because V1 once, V2 once, two V4 and V5 in above */
        /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1,  {2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0} */
      } /* V4+V3+V5, Ndum[1]@5={0, 0, 1, 1, 1} */
     
      ij=0;
      /* for (i=0; i<=  maxncov-1; i++) { /\* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) *\/ */
      for (k=1; k<=  cptcovt; k++) { /* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) */
        /*printf("Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
        /* if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){  /\* Tvar[i] <= ncovmodel ? *\/ */
        if(Ndum[Tvar[k]]!=0 && Dummy[k] == 0 && Typevar[k]==0){  /* Only Dummy and non empty in the model */
          /* If product not in single variable we don't print results */
          /*printf("diff Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
          ++ij;/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, */
          Tvaraff[ij]=Tvar[k]; /* For printing combination *//* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, Tvar {5, 4, 3, 6, 5, 2, 7, 1, 1} Tvaraff={4, 3, 1} V4, V3, V1*/
          Tmodelind[ij]=k; /* Tmodelind: index in model of dummies Tmodelind[1]=2 V4: pos=2; V3: pos=3, V1=9 {2, 3, 9, ?, ?,} */
          TmodelInvind[ij]=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv; /* Inverse TmodelInvind[2=V4]=2 second dummy varying cov (V4)4-1-1 {0, 2, 1, } TmodelInvind[3]=1 */
          if(Fixed[k]!=0)
            anyvaryingduminmodel=1;
          /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv)){ */
          /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=-10; /\* Dont'n know how to treat quantitative variables yet *\/ */
          /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv+ntv)){ */
          /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=i; /\*For printing (unclear) *\/ */
          /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv)){ */
          /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=-20; /\* Dont'n know how to treat quantitative variables yet *\/ */
        } 
      } /* Tvaraff[1]@5 {3, 4, -20, 0, 0} Very strange */
      /* ij--; */
      /* cptcoveff=ij; /\*Number of total covariates*\/ */
      *cptcov=ij; /*Number of total real effective covariates: effective
                   * because they can be excluded from the model and real
                   * if in the model but excluded because missing values, but how to get k from ij?*/
      for(j=ij+1; j<= cptcovt; j++){
        Tvaraff[j]=0;
        Tmodelind[j]=0;
      }
      for(j=ntveff+1; j<= cptcovt; j++){
        TmodelInvind[j]=0;
      }
      /* To be sorted */
      ;
    }
   
   
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   
    void evsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,char strstart[], int nres )
   
   {
     /* Health expectancies, no variances */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
     double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3mat;
     double eip;
   
     /* pstamp(ficreseij); */
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age and (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age\n");
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d%1d ",i,j);
       }
       fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason which relies in memory size consideration
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
   /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
       /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
   
       /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepma,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij, nres);  
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
       
       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Computing expectancies */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
             
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   
           }
   
       fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip +=eij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eij[i][j][(int)age] );
         }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eip );
       }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
       
     }
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     
   }
   
    void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov,char strstart[], int nres )
   
   {
     /* Covariances of health expectancies eij and of total life expectancies according
        to initial status i, ei. .
     */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2, ij, ji;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
     double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3matp, ***p3matm, ***varhe;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp, *xm;
     double **gp, **gm;
     double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
     int theta;
   
     double eip, vip;
   
     varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     xm=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     
     pstamp(ficresstdeij);
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Health expectancies with standard errors\n");
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d%1d (SE)",i,j);
       fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
   
     pstamp(ficrescveij);
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Subdiagonal matrix of covariances of health expectancies by age: cov(eij,ekl)\n");
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
         for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
           for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
             cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
             if(cptj2 <= cptj)
               fprintf(ficrescveij,"  %1d%1d,%1d%1d",i,j,i2,j2);
           }
       }
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* If stepm=6 months */
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     agelim=AGESUP;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); 
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     
     p3matp=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     p3matm=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
       /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
                   
       /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
                   
       /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
       /* Gradient is computed with plus gp and minus gm. Code is duplicated in order to
          decrease memory allocation */
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
           xm[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         hpxij(p3matp,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij, nres);  
         hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xm,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij, nres);  
                           
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
             for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
               gp[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matp[i][j][h]+p3matp[i][j][h+1])/2.;
               gm[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             }
           }
         }
                           
         for(ij=1; ij<= nlstate*nlstate; ij++)
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             gradg[h][theta][ij]= (gp[h][ij]-gm[h][ij])/2./delti[theta];
           }
       }/* End theta */
       
       
       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
             trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
       
                   
       for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
         for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
           varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] =0.;
                   
       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
         for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
           for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
             for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
               varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] += doldm[ij][ji]*hf*hf;
         }
       }
                   
       /* Computing expectancies */
       hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij,nres);  
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
                                           
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
                                           
           }
   
       /* Standard deviation of expectancies ij */         
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0.;
         vip=0.;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip += eij[i][j][(int)age];
           for(k=1; k<=nlstate;k++) /* Sum on j and k of cov(eij,eik) */
             vip += varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(k-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(j-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age]) );
         }
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eip, sqrt(vip));
       }
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
                   
       /* Variance of expectancies ij */           
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
           for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
             for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
               cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
               if(cptj2 <= cptj)
                 fprintf(ficrescveij," %.4f", varhe[cptj][cptj2][(int)age]);
             }
         }
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
                   
     }
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_ma3x(p3matm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     free_ma3x(p3matp,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           
     free_vector(xm,1,npar);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
   }
    
   /************ Variance ******************/
    void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[], int nres)
    {
      /** Variance of health expectancies 
       *  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);
       * double **newm;
       * int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav) 
       */
     
      /* int movingaverage(); */
      double **dnewm,**doldm;
      double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
      int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
      int first=0;
      int k;
      double *xp;
      double **gp, **gm;  /**< for var eij */
      double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /**< for var eij */
      double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /**< for var p point j */
      double *gpp, *gmp; /**< for var p point j */
      double **varppt; /**< for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
      double ***p3mat;
      double age,agelim, hf;
      /* double ***mobaverage; */
      int theta;
      char digit[4];
      char digitp[25];
   
      char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
      if(popbased==1){
        if(mobilav!=0)
          strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-MOBILAV_");
        else strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-NOMOBIL_");
      }
      else 
        strcpy(digitp,"-STABLBASED_");
   
      /* if (mobilav!=0) { */
      /*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
      /*   if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ */
      /*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); */
      /*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); */
      /*   } */
      /* } */
   
      strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"PRMORPREV-"); 
      sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
      /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
      }
      printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      pstamp(ficresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Selected quantitative variables and dummies");
      for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
      }
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(ij,j)]);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
      }  
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title \n");
      /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   
      varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      pstamp(ficresvij);
      fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
      if(popbased==1)
        fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
      else
        fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
      fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
          fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e.%1d, e.%1d)",i,j);
      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   
      xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
      doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
      doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
      gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     
      if(estepm < stepm){
        printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
      }
      else  hstepm=estepm;   
      /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
      /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
         nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
         nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelim. 
         Look at function hpijx to understand why because of memory size limitations, 
         we decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
         survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
         means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
         you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
         results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
      */
      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
      agelim = AGESUP;
      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
        nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
        nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
        gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
                   
                   
        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
            xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          }
          /**< Computes the prevalence limit with parameter theta shifted of delta up to ftolpl precision and 
           * returns into prlim .
           */
          prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij, nres);
   
          /* If popbased = 1 we use crossection prevalences. Previous step is useless but prlim is created */
          if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
          }
          /**< Computes the shifted transition matrix \f$ {}{h}_p^{ij}x\f$ at horizon h.
           */                      
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij,nres);  /* Returns p3mat[i][j][h] for h=0 to nhstepm */
          /**< And for each alive state j, sums over i \f$ w^i_x {}{h}_p^{ij}x\f$, which are the probability
           * at horizon h in state j including mortality.
           */
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
            }
          }
          /* Next for computing shifted+ probability of death (h=1 means
             computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
             as a weighted average of prlim(i) * p(i,j) p.3=w1*p13 + w2*p23 .
          */
          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
              gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
          }
          
          /* Again with minus shift */
                           
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
            xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   
          prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp, ij, nres);
                           
          if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
          }
                           
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij,nres);  
                           
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  /* Sum of wi * eij = e.j */
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
            }
          }
          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
             computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
             as a weighted average of prlim.
          */
          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
              gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
          }    
          /* end shifting computations */
   
          /**< Computing gradient matrix at horizon h 
           */
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
            }
          /**< Gradient of overall mortality p.3 (or p.j) 
           */
          for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu mortality from j */
            gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
          }
                           
        } /* End theta */
        
        /* We got the gradient matrix for each theta and state j */                
        trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
                   
        for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
                   
        for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
            trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
        /**< as well as its transposed matrix 
         */                
                   
        hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
            vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   
        /* Computing trgradg by matcov by gradg at age and summing over h
         * and k (nhstepm) formula 15 of article
         * Lievre-Brouard-Heathcote
         */
        
        for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
          for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
            matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
            matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
            for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
              for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
                vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
          }
        }
                   
        /* pptj is p.3 or p.j = trgradgp by cov by gradgp, variance of
         * p.j overall mortality formula 49 but computed directly because
         * we compute the grad (wix pijx) instead of grad (pijx),even if
         * wix is independent of theta.
         */
        matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
        matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
          for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
            varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
        /* end ppptj */
        /*  x centered again */
                   
        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij, nres);
                   
        if (popbased==1) {
          if(mobilav ==0){
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
          }
        }
                   
        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
           computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
           as a weighted average of prlim.
        */
        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij, nres);  
        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
        }    
        /* end probability of death */
                   
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
        for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
          }
        } 
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
                   
        fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
            fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
          }
        fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
        free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
        free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
      } /* End age */
      free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
      /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter png small size 320, 240"); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter svg size 640, 480");
      /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l lt 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95%% interval\" w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
      /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
       */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.svg\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";replot;set out;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
   
      free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
      free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
      free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      /* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
      fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
      fflush(ficgp);
      fflush(fichtm); 
    }  /* end varevsij */
   
   /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
    void varprevlim(char fileresvpl[], FILE *ficresvpl, double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, char strstart[], int nres)
   {
     /* Variance of prevalence limit  for each state ij using current parameters x[] and estimates of neighbourhood give by delti*/
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   
     double **dnewmpar,**doldm;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double **mgm, **mgp;
     double age,agelim;
     int theta;
     
     pstamp(ficresvpl);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of period (forward stable) prevalences \n");
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age ");
     if(nresult >=1)
       fprintf(ficresvpl," Result# ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewmpar=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     
     hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
       gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgp=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgm=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ) */
         /*        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres); */
         /* else */
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
           mgp[theta][i] = prlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ) */
         /*        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres); */
         /* else */
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
           mgm[theta][i] = prlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
         /* gradg[theta][2]= -gradg[theta][1]; */ /* For testing if nlstate=2 */
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\nmgm mgp %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf(" %d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf(" %d %lf %lf",theta,mgm[theta][j],mgp[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\n gradg %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf("%d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf("%d %lf ",theta,gradg[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
   
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80  ||(int)age== 81){
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }else{
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
       if(nresult >=1)
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"%d ",nres );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
         /* for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++) */
         /*        fprintf(ficresvpl," %d %.5f ",j,prlim[j][i]); */
       }
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
       free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgp,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
   }
   
   
   /************ Variance of backprevalence limit ******************/
    void varbrevlim(char fileresvbl[], FILE  *ficresvbl, double **varbpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **bprlim, double ftolpl, int mobilavproj, int *ncvyearp, int ij, char strstart[], int nres)
   {
     /* Variance of backward prevalence limit  for each state ij using current parameters x[] and estimates of neighbourhood give by delti*/
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   
     double **dnewmpar,**doldm;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double **mgm, **mgp;
     double age,agelim;
     int theta;
     
     pstamp(ficresvbl);
     fprintf(ficresvbl,"# Standard deviation of back (stable) prevalences \n");
     fprintf(ficresvbl,"# Age ");
     if(nresult >=1)
       fprintf(ficresvbl," Result# ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvbl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresvbl,"\n");
   
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewmpar=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     
     hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGEINF;
     for (age=fage; age>=bage; age --){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((age-agelim)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
       gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgp=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgm=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         if(mobilavproj > 0 )
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         else
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gp[i] = bprlim[i][i];
           mgp[theta][i] = bprlim[i][i];
         }
        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          if(mobilavproj > 0 )
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
          else
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gm[i] = bprlim[i][i];
           mgm[theta][i] = bprlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
         /* gradg[theta][2]= -gradg[theta][1]; */ /* For testing if nlstate=2 */
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\nmgm mgp %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf(" %d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf(" %d %lf %lf",theta,mgm[theta][j],mgp[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\n gradg %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf("%d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf("%d %lf ",theta,gradg[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
   
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varbpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80  ||(int)age== 81){
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }else{
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varbpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   
       fprintf(ficresvbl,"%.0f ",age );
       if(nresult >=1)
         fprintf(ficresvbl,"%d ",nres );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvbl," %.5f (%.5f)",bprlim[i][i],sqrt(varbpl[i][(int)age]));
       fprintf(ficresvbl,"\n");
       free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgp,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
   }
   
   /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
    {
      int i, j=0,  k1, l1, tj;
      int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
      int k=0, l;
      int first=1, first1, first2;
      double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
      double **dnewm,**doldm;
      double *xp;
      double *gp, *gm;
      double **gradg, **trgradg;
      double **mu;
      double age, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
      double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
      int theta;
      char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
      char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
      char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
      double ***varpij;
   
      strcpy(fileresprob,"PROB_"); 
      strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
      if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
      }
      strcpy(fileresprobcov,"PROBCOV_"); 
      strcat(fileresprobcov,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
      }
      strcpy(fileresprobcor,"PROBCOR_"); 
      strcat(fileresprobcor,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
      }
      printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
      printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
      printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
      fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
      pstamp(ficresprob);
      fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
      fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
      pstamp(ficresprobcov);
      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
      pstamp(ficresprobcor);
      fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
      fprintf(ficresprobcor,"# Age");
   
   
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
          fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
        }  
      /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
      */
      xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
      doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
      mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
      varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
      first=1;
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4> this page is important in order to visualize confidence intervals and especially correlation between disability and recovery, or more generally, way in and way back. File %s</li>\n",optionfilehtmcov,optionfilehtmcov);
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n",optionfilehtmcov, optionfilehtmcov);
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated \
   and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
    They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
   It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
   would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
   standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
    Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
    and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
   To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
   
      cov[1]=1;
      /* tj=cptcoveff; */
      tj = (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
      j1=0;
      for(j1=1; j1<=tj;j1++){  /* For each valid combination of covariates or only once*/
        if  (cptcovn>0) {
          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
                           
          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
                           
                           
          fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
                           
          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
          if(invalidvarcomb[j1]){
            fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",j1); 
            fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h3>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h3>\n",j1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
        gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
          cov[2]=age;
          if(nagesqr==1)
            cov[3]= age*age;
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
            cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,k)];
            /*cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,Tvar[k])];*//* j1 1 2 3 4
                                                                       * 1  1 1 1 1
                                                                       * 2  2 1 1 1
                                                                       * 3  1 2 1 1
                                                                       */
            /* nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1;*/
          }
          /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
                           
                           
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
                                   
            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
                                   
            k=0;
            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                k=k+1;
                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
              }
            }
                                   
            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
                                   
            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
            k=0;
            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                k=k+1;
                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
              }
            }
                                   
            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
          }
   
          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
                           
          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
                           
          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
                           
          k=0;
          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
              k=k+1;
              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
            }
          }
          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
                           
          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
            }*/
                           
          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
                           
          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
          }
          i=0;
          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
              i++;
              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
                /* printf(" k=%d l=%d i=%d j=%d\n",k,l,i,j);fflush(stdout); */
                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
              }
            }
          }/* end of loop for state */
        } /* end of loop for age */
        free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
        free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
       
        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
        /*
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
        */
                   
        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
        first1=1;first2=2;
        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
            if(l2==k2) continue;
            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                if(l1==k1) continue;
                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
                if(i<=j) continue;
                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
                  if ((int)age %5==0){
                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                    if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
                      if(first2==1){
                        first1=0;
                        printf("Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS. See log file for details...\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);
                      }
                      fprintf(ficlog,"Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS.\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);fflush(ficlog);
                      /* lc1=fabs(lc1); */ /* If we want to have them positive */
                      /* lc2=fabs(lc2); */
                    }
                                                                   
                    /* Eigen vectors */
                    if(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12 <1.e-5){
                      printf(" Error sqrt of a negative number: %lf\n",1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12);
                      fprintf(ficlog," Error sqrt of a negative number: %lf\n",1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12);
                      v11=(1./sqrt(fabs(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12)));
                    }else
                      v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
                    v12=-v21;
                    v22=v11;
                    tnalp=v21/v11;
                    if(first1==1){
                      first1=0;
                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                    }
                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                    /*printf(fignu*/
                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
                    if(first==1){
                      first=0;
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Ellipsoids of confidence\n#\n");
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480");
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<p><br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
    :<a href=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\">                                                                                                                                           \
   %s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,      \
                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",      \
                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(fabs(lc1)),v12,sqrt(fabs(lc2)), \
                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(fabs(lc1)),v22,sqrt(fabs(lc2))); /* For gnuplot only */
                    }else{
                      first=0;
                      fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not", \
                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(fabs(lc2)),   \
                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(fabs(lc2)));
                    }/* if first */
                  } /* age mod 5 */
                } /* end loop age */
                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\";replot;set out;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                first=1;
              } /*l12 */
            } /* k12 */
          } /*l1 */
        }/* k1 */
      }  /* loop on combination of covariates j1 */
      free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
      free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
      free_matrix(dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
      free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      fclose(ficresprob);
      fclose(ficresprobcov);
      fclose(ficresprobcor);
      fflush(ficgp);
      fflush(fichtmcov);
    }
   
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtml(char fileresu[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
                     int popforecast, int mobilav, int prevfcast, int mobilavproj, int prevbcast, int estepm , \
                     double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, double dateprev1, double dateprojd, double dateback1, \
                     double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2, double dateprev2, double dateprojf, double dateback2){
     int jj1, k1, i1, cpt, k4, nres;
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><a href='#firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a>\n \
      <li><a href='#secondorder'>Result files (second order (variance)</a>\n \
   </ul>");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li> model=1+age+%s\n \
   </ul>", model);
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4><a name='firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a></h4>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<li>- Observed frequency between two states (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (html file)<br/>\n",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"),subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"<li> - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (html file) ",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"),subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"));
      fprintf(fichtm,",  <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (text file) <br>\n",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated back transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Period (forward) prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PL_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Backward prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age, e<sub>i.</sub> (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age, e<sub>ij</sub> . If one or more covariates are included, specific tables for each value of the covariate are output in sequences within the same file (estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"));
      if(prevfcast==1){
        fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Prevalence projections by age and states:                            \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>", subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"));
      }
   
   
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
      fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
      jj1=0;
   
      fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul>");
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
        if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><a  size=\"1\" color=\"#EC5E5E\" href=\"#rescov");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%d_",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%f_",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"\">");
          
          /* if(nqfveff+nqtveff 0) */ /* Test to be done */
          fprintf(fichtm,"************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
          }
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm," Warning Combination (%d) ignored because no cases ",k1); 
            continue;
          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"</a></li>");
        } /* cptcovn >0 */
      }
        fprintf(fichtm," \n</ul>");
   
      jj1=0;
   
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
        if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
   
        /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<p><a name=\"rescov");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%d_",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%f_",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"\"</a>");
    
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
            printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],Tresult[nres][cpt]);fflush(stdout);
            /* fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]); */
            /* printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]);fflush(stdout); */
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);fflush(stdout);
         }
          
          /* if(nqfveff+nqtveff 0) */ /* Test to be done */
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h3>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h3>\n",k1); 
            printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        /* aij, bij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Logit model (yours is: logit(pij)=log(pij/pii)= aij+ bij age+%s) as a function of age: <a href=\"%s_%d-1-%d.svg\">%s_%d-1-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-1-%d.svg\">",model,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres);
        /* Pij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- P<sub>ij</sub> or conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: <a href=\"%s_%d-2-%d.svg\">%s_%d-2-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-2-%d.svg\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres);     
        /* Quasi-incidences */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- I<sub>ij</sub> or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
    before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too, \
    incidence (rates) are the limit when h tends to zero of the ratio of the probability  <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub> \
   divided by h: <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub>/h : <a href=\"%s_%d-3-%d.svg\">%s_%d-3-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-3-%d.svg\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres); 
        /* Survival functions (period) in state j */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Survival functions in state %d. And probability to be observed in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        /* State specific survival functions (period) */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Survival functions in state %d and in any other live state (total).\
    And probability to be observed in various states (up to %d) being in state %d at different ages.       \
    <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, nlstate, cpt, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        /* Period (forward stable) prevalence in each health state */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to period (stable) prevalence in state %d. Or probability for a person being in state (1 to %d) at different ages, to be in state %d some years after. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, nlstate, cpt, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        if(prevbcast==1){
          /* Backward prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to mixed (stable) back prevalence in state %d. Or probability for a person to be in state %d at a younger age, knowing that she/he was in state (1 to %d) at different older ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
          }
        }
        if(prevfcast==1){
          /* Projection of prevalence up to period (forward stable) prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Projection of cross-sectional prevalence (estimated with cases observed from %.1f to %.1f and mobil_average=%d), from year %.1f up to year %.1f tending to period (stable) forward prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in an observed weighted state (from 1 to %d). <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, dateprojd, dateprojf, cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
          }
        }
        if(prevbcast==1){
         /* Back projection of prevalence up to stable (mixed) back-prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Back projection of cross-sectional prevalence (estimated with cases observed from %.1f to %.1f and mobil_average=%d), \
    from year %.1f up to year %.1f (probably close to stable [mixed] back prevalence in state %d (randomness in cross-sectional prevalence is not taken into \
    account but can visually be appreciated). Or probability to have been in an state %d, knowing that the person was in either state (1 or %d) \
   with weights corresponding to observed prevalence at different ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
    <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, dateback1, dateback2, cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
          }
        }
            
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Life expectancy by health state (%d) at initial age and its decomposition into health expectancies in each alive state (1 to %d) (or area under each survival functions): <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a> <br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">",cpt,nlstate,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
      }/* End k1 */
      fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
   \n<br><li><h4> <a name='secondorder'>Result files (second order: variances)</a></h4>\n\
    - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br> \
    - 95%% confidence intervals and Wald tests of the estimated parameters are in the log file if optimization has been done (mle != 0).<br> \
   But because parameters are usually highly correlated (a higher incidence of disability \
   and a higher incidence of recovery can give very close observed transition) it might \
   be very useful to look not only at linear confidence intervals estimated from the \
   variances but at the covariance matrix. And instead of looking at the estimated coefficients \
   (parameters) of the logistic regression, it might be more meaningful to visualize the \
   covariance matrix of the one-step probabilities. \
   See page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' below. \n", rfileres,rfileres);
   
      fprintf(fichtm," - Standard deviation of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"));
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age and <b>initial health status</b> (cov(e<sup>ij</sup>,e<sup>kl</sup>)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"CVE_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"CVE_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Health expectancies by health status at initial age (e<sup>ij</sup>) and standard errors (in parentheses) (b) life expectancies and standard errors (e<sup>i.</sup>=e<sup>i1</sup>+e<sup>i2</sup>+...)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"STDE_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"STDE_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age. Status (i) based health expectancies (in state j), e<sup>ij</sup> are weighted by the forward (period) prevalences in each state i (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
              estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Total life expectancy and total health expectancies to be spent in each health state e<sup>.j</sup> with their standard errors (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Standard deviation of forward (period) prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
              subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"));
   
   /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   /*  else  */
   /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
      fflush(fichtm);
      fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
      jj1=0;
   
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
        if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
        /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)  /**< cptcoveff number of variables */
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],Tresult[nres][cpt]);
            /* fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]); */
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
   
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
   
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h4>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h4>\n",k1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Observed (cross-sectional with mov_average=%d) and period (incidence based) \
   prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\"> %s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a>\n <br>\
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">",mobilav,cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres);  
        }
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
   health expectancies in states (1) and (2). If popbased=1 the smooth (due to the model) \
   true period expectancies (those weighted with period prevalences are also\
    drawn in addition to the population based expectancies computed using\
    observed and cahotic prevalences:  <a href=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d.svg</a>\n<br>\
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres);
        /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
      }/* End k1 */
     }/* End nres */
      fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
      fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplot(char fileresu[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double bage, double fage , int prevfcast, int prevbcast, char pathc[], double p[], int offyear, int offbyear){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     char gplotcondition[132], gplotlabel[132];
     int cpt=0,k1=0,i=0,k=0,j=0,jk=0,k2=0,k3=0,k4=0,ij=0, ijp=0, l=0;
     int lv=0, vlv=0, kl=0;
     int ng=0;
     int vpopbased;
     int ioffset; /* variable offset for columns */
     int iyearc=1; /* variable column for year of projection  */
     int iagec=1; /* variable column for age of projection  */
     int nres=0; /* Index of resultline */
     int istart=1; /* For starting graphs in projections */
   
   /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
     /*#endif */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   
     /* diagram of the model */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Diagram of the model \n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\ndelta=0.03;delta2=0.07;unset arrow;\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"yoff=(%d > 2? 0:1);\n",nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Peripheral arrows\nset for [i=1:%d] for [j=1:%d] arrow i*10+j from cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d))-(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0), yoff +sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) rto -0.95*(cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d))+(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) - cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(j-1)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta2:0)), -0.95*(sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) - sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(j-1)*2./%d))+( i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta2:0)) ls (i < j? 1:2)\n",nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate);
   
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Centripete arrows (turning in other direction (1-i) instead of (i-1)) \nset for [i=1:%d] arrow (%d+1)*10+i from cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d))-(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0), yoff +sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) rto -0.80*(cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d))+(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0)  ), -0.80*(sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) + yoff ) ls 4\n",nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#show arrow\nunset label\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#States labels, starting from 2 (2-i) instead of (1-i), was (i-1)\nset for [i=1:%d] label i sprintf(\"State %%d\",i) center at cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(2-i)*2./%d)), yoff+sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(2-i)*2./%d)) font \"helvetica, 16\" tc rgbcolor \"blue\"\n",nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label %d+1 sprintf(\"State %%d\",%d+1) center at 0.,0.  font \"helvetica, 16\" tc rgbcolor \"red\"\n",nlstate,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#show label\nunset border;unset xtics; unset ytics;\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n\nset ter svg size 640, 480;set out \"%s_.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"unset log y; plot [-1.2:1.2][yoff-1.2:1.2] 1/0 not; set out;reset;\n");
   
     /* Contribution to likelihood */
     /* Plot the probability implied in the likelihood */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Contributions to the Likelihood, mle >=1. For mle=4 no interpolation, pure matrix products.\n#\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Likelihood (-2Log(L))\";");
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480"); */ /* Too big for svg */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter pngcairo size 640, 480");
   /* nice for mle=4 plot by number of matrix products.
      replot  "rrtest1/toto.txt" u 2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with point lc 1 */
   /* replot exp(p1+p2*x)/(1+exp(p1+p2*x)+exp(p3+p4*x)+exp(p5+p6*x)) t "p12(x)"  */
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-dest.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):6 t \"All sample, transitions colored by destination\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-ori.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):5 t \"All sample, transitions colored by origin\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-p%dj.png\";set ylabel \"Probability for each individual/wave\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),i);
       fprintf(ficgp,"unset log;\n# plot weighted, mean weight should have point size of 0.5\n plot  \"%s\"",subdirf(fileresilk));
       fprintf(ficgp,"  u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable \\\n",i,1,i,1);
       for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++) {
         fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n \"\" u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable ",i,j,i,j);
       }
       fprintf(ficgp,";\nset out; unset ylabel;\n"); 
     }
     /* unset log; plot  "rrtest1_sorted_4/ILK_rrtest1_sorted_4.txt" u  2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with points lc variable */                
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$11):3 t \"All sample, all transitions\" with dots lc variable",subdirf(fileresilk)); */
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot  \"%s\" u 2:($3 <= 3 ? -$11 : 1/0):3 t \"First 3 individuals\" with line lc variable", subdirf(fileresilk)); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;unset log\n");
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\"; replot; set out; # bug gnuplot",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     /* 1eme*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++){ /* For each live state */
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){ /* For each valid combination of covariate */
         for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
           /* plot [100000000000000000000:-100000000000000000000] "mysbiaspar/vplrmysbiaspar.txt to check */
           if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
             continue;
           /* We are interested in selected combination by the resultline */
           /* printf("\n# 1st: Period (stable) prevalence with CI: 'VPL_' files and live state =%d ", cpt); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 1st: Forward (stable period) prevalence with CI: 'VPL_' files  and live state =%d ", cpt);
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate k get corresponding value lv for combination k1 */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the value of the covariate corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* vlv is the value of the covariate lv, 0 or 1 */
             /* For each combination of covariate k1 (V1=1, V3=0), we printed the current covariate k and its value vlv */
             /* printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv); */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             /* printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]); */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           /* printf("\n#\n"); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             /*k1=k1-1;*/ /* To be checked */
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"V_%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1,nres);
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"set title \"Alive state %d %s\" font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter svg size 640, 480\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3:1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter svg size 640, 480\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3:1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1,nres); */
         /* k1-1 error should be nres-1*/
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else        fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Forward prevalence\" w l lt 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3+1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           } 
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95%% CI\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3-1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres); 
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           }  
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence\" w l lt 2",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1)); */
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" u 1:((",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"));
           if(cptcoveff ==0){
             fprintf(ficgp,"$%d)) t 'Observed prevalence in state %d' with line lt 3",      2+3*(cpt-1),  cpt );
           }else{
             kl=0;
             for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each combination of covariate  */
               lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
               /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
               /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
               /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
               vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
               kl++;
               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
               if(k==cptcoveff){
                 fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d)? $%d : 1/0) t 'Observed prevalence in state %d' w l lt 2",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv], \
                         2+cptcoveff*2+3*(cpt-1),  cpt );  /* 4 or 6 ?*/
               }else{
                 fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d && ",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                 kl++;
               }
             } /* end covariate */
           } /* end if no covariate */
   
           if(prevbcast==1){ /* We need to get the corresponding values of the covariates involved in this combination k1 */
             /* fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Backward stable prevalence\" w l lt 3",subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"),k1-1,k1-1,1+cpt); */
             fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u 1:((",subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_")); /* Age is in 1, nres in 2 to be fixed */
             if(cptcoveff ==0){
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d)) t 'Backward prevalence in state %d' with line lt 3",    2+(cpt-1),  cpt );
             }else{
               kl=0;
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each combination of covariate  */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
                 kl++;
                 /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
                 /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
                 /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
                 /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
                 if(k==cptcoveff){
                   fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d)? $%d : 1/0) t 'Backward prevalence in state %d' w l lt 3",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv], \
                           2+cptcoveff*2+(cpt-1),  cpt );  /* 4 or 6 ?*/
                 }else{
                   fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d && ",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                   kl++;
                 }
               } /* end covariate */
             } /* end if no covariate */
             if(prevbcast == 1){
               fprintf(ficgp,", \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3:1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VBL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
               /* k1-1 error should be nres-1*/
               for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
                 if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
                 else        fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
               }
               fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Backward (stable) prevalence\" w l lt 6 dt 3,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3+1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VBL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
               for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
                 if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
                 else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
               } 
               fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95%% CI\" w l lt 4,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3-1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VBL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres); 
               for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
                 if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
                 else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
               } 
               fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 4");
             } /* end if backprojcast */
           } /* end if prevbcast */
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out ;unset label;\n"); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out ;unset title;\n");
         } /* nres */
       } /* k1 */
     } /* cpt */
   
     
     /*2 eme*/
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){  
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 2nd: Total life expectancy with CI: 't' files ");
         strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         /* for(k=1; k <= ncovds; k++){ */
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
           fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
           continue;
         }
                           
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres);
         for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"popbased %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",vpopbased,gplotlabel);
           if(vpopbased==0){
             fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter svg size 640, 480\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
           }else
             fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot ");
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
             k=2*i;
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ?$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),nres-1,nres-1, vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l lt %d, \\\n",i);
             else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l lt %d, \\\n",i-1,i+1);
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ? $4-$5*2 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),nres-1,nres-1,vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0,");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ? $4+$5*2 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),nres-1,nres-1,vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0");
             else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0,\\\n");
           } /* state */
         } /* vpopbased */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;set out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\"; replot; set out; unset label;\n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres); /* Buggy gnuplot */
       } /* end nres */
     } /* k1 end 2 eme*/
           
           
     /*3eme*/
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n\n# 3d: Life expectancy with EXP_ files:  combination=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
                           
           /*       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2); */
           k=2+(nlstate+1)*(cpt-1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"%s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set ter svg size 640, 480\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),nres-1,nres-1,k,cpt);
           /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
             for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
             fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
             for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
                                   
           */
           for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
             fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),nres-1,nres-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);
             /*    fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);*/
                                   
           } 
           fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d.\" w l",subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),nres-1,nres-1,k+nlstate,cpt);
         }
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset label;\n");
       } /* end nres */
     } /* end kl 3eme */
     
     /* 4eme */
     /* Survival functions (period) from state i in state j by initial state i */
     for (k1=1; k1<=m; k1++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state cpt*/
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n# Survival functions in state j : 'LIJ_' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability to be alive\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3;
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){
             if(i==1){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             }
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1;
             fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l);
             for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++)
               fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1);
             fprintf(ficgp,")) t \"l(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end nres */
     } /* end covariate k1 */  
   
   /* 5eme */
     /* Survival functions (period) from state i in state j by final state j */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1++){ /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each inital state  */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n# Survival functions in state j and all livestates from state i by final state j: 'lij' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability to be alive\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3;
           for (j=1; j<= nlstate ; j ++){ /* Lived in state j */
             if(j==1)
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1) +j;
             fprintf(ficgp," u (($1==%d && (floor($2)%%5 == 0)) ? ($3):1/0):($%d",k1,k+l);
             /* for (i=2; i<= nlstate+ndeath ; i ++) */
             /*   fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+i-1); */
             fprintf(ficgp,") t \"l(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,j);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
           fprintf(ficgp," u (($1==%d && (floor($2)%%5 == 0)) ? ($3):1/0):(",k1);
           for (j=1; j<= nlstate ; j ++){ /* Lived in state j */
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1) +j;
             if(j < nlstate)
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d +",k+l);
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d) t\"l(%d,.)\" w l",k+l,cpt);
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end covariate */  
     } /* end nres */
     
   /* 6eme */
     /* CV preval stable (period) for each covariate */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
         continue;
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state of arrival */
         strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV preval stable (forward): 'pij' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         } 
         strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
           fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
           continue;
         }
         
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
         k=3; /* Offset */
         for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){ /* State of origin */
           if(i==1)
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
           else
             fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
           l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1; /* 1, 1+ nlstate+ndeath, 1+2*(nlstate+ndeath) */
           fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l);
           for (j=2; j<= nlstate ; j ++)
             fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1);
           fprintf(ficgp,")) t \"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
         } /* nlstate */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
       } /* end cpt state*/ 
     } /* end covariate */  
     
     
   /* 7eme */
     if(prevbcast == 1){
       /* CV backward prevalence  for each covariate */
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life origin state */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV Backward stable prevalence: 'pijb' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Origin alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3; /* Offset */
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){ /* State of arrival */
             if(i==1)
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"));
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             /* l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1; */
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1)+1; /* fixed for i; cpt=1 1, cpt=2 1+ nlstate+ndeath, 1+2*(nlstate+ndeath) */
             /* fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l); /\* a vérifier *\/ */
             /* fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l+(cpt-1)+i-1); /\* a vérifier *\/ */
             fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d",k1,k+l+i-1); /* To be verified */
             /* for (j=2; j<= nlstate ; j ++) */
             /*    fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1); */
             /*    /\* fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1); *\/ */
             fprintf(ficgp,") t \"bprev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,i);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end covariate */  
     } /* End if prevbcast */
     
     /* 8eme */
     if(prevfcast==1){
       /* Projection from cross-sectional to forward stable (period) prevalence for each covariate */
       
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#Projection of prevalence to forward stable prevalence (period): 'PROJ_' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each correspondig covariate value  */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"# hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev\n ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Prevalence\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
   
           /* for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /\* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 *\/ */
           istart=nlstate+1; /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           /*istart=1;*/ /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           for (i=istart; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 */
             /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1       2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             if(i==istart){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
             }
             if(cptcoveff ==0){ /* No covariate */
               ioffset=2; /* Age is in 2 */
               /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#   1       2   3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               /*# V1  = 1 yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#  1    2        3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(", ioffset); 
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)):1 t 'pw.%d' with line lc variable ",        \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
                 fprintf(ficgp," (($1-$2) == %d ) ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):1 with labels center not ", \
                        offyear,                           \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate );
               }else
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'p%d%d' with line ",      \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
             }else{ /* more than 2 covariates */
               ioffset=2*cptcoveff+2; /* Age is in 4 or 6 or etc.*/
               /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
               /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */
               iyearc=ioffset-1;
               iagec=ioffset;
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
               kl=0;
               strcpy(gplotcondition,"(");
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate writing the chain of conditions */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to combination k1 and covariate k */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* Value of the modality of Tvaraff[k] */
                 kl++;
                 sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),"$%d==%d && $%d==%d " ,kl,Tvaraff[k], kl+1, nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                 kl++;
                 if(k <cptcoveff && cptcoveff>1)
                   sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition)," && ");
               }
               strcpy(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),")");
               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):%d t 'p.%d' with line lc variable", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,iyearc, cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",iagec); 
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s && (($%d-$%d) == %d ) ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):%d with labels center not ", gplotcondition, \
                         iyearc, iagec, offyear,                           \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate, iyearc );
   /*  '' u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0  && $3==2 && $4==0) && (($5-$6) == 1947) ? $10/(1.-$22) : 1/0):5 with labels center boxed not*/
               }else{
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), ioffset +1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
               }
             } /* end if covariate */
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/
       } /* end covariate */
     } /* End if prevfcast */
     
     if(prevbcast==1){
       /* Back projection from cross-sectional to stable (mixed) for each covariate */
       
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#Back projection of prevalence to stable (mixed) back prevalence: 'BPROJ_' files, covariatecombination#=%d originstate=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each correspondig covariate value  */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"# hbijx=backprobability over h years, hb.jx is weighted by observed prev at destination state\n ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Origin alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Prevalence\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
   
           /* for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /\* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 *\/ */
           istart=nlstate+1; /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           /*istart=1;*/ /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           for (i=istart; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 */
             /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1       2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             if(i==istart){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"FB_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
             }
             if(cptcoveff ==0){ /* No covariate */
               ioffset=2; /* Age is in 2 */
               /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#   1       2   3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               /*# V1  = 1 yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#  1    2        3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(", ioffset); 
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)):1 t 'bw%d' with line lc variable ", \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
                 fprintf(ficgp," (($1-$2) == %d ) ? $%d : 1/0):1 with labels center not ", \
                        offbyear,                          \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1) );
               }else
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'b%d%d' with line ",      \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt,i );
             }else{ /* more than 2 covariates */
               ioffset=2*cptcoveff+2; /* Age is in 4 or 6 or etc.*/
               /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
               /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */
               iyearc=ioffset-1;
               iagec=ioffset;
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
               kl=0;
               strcpy(gplotcondition,"(");
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate writing the chain of conditions */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to combination k1 and covariate k */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* Value of the modality of Tvaraff[k] */
                 kl++;
                 sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),"$%d==%d && $%d==%d " ,kl,Tvaraff[k], kl+1, nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                 kl++;
                 if(k <cptcoveff && cptcoveff>1)
                   sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition)," && ");
               }
               strcpy(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),")");
               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d : 1/0):%d t 'bw%d' with line lc variable", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),iyearc,cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",iagec); 
                 /* fprintf(ficgp,"%s && (($5-$6) == %d ) ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):5 with labels center not ", gplotcondition, \ */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s && (($%d-$%d) == %d ) ? $%d : 1/0):%d with labels center not ", gplotcondition, \
                         iyearc,iagec,offbyear,                            \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), iyearc );
   /*  '' u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0  && $3==2 && $4==0) && (($5-$6) == 1947) ? $10/(1.-$22) : 1/0):5 with labels center boxed not*/
               }else{
                 /* fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \ */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d : 1/0) t 'b%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), cpt,i );
               }
             } /* end if covariate */
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/
       } /* end covariate */
     } /* End if prevbcast */
     
     
     /* 9eme writing MLE parameters */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#9eme MLE estimated parameters\n#############\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"# initial state %d\n",i);
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"#   current state %d\n",k);
           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f; ",jk,p[jk]);
             jk++; 
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fprintf(ficgp,"##############\n#\n");
     
     /*goto avoid;*/
     /* 10eme Graphics of probabilities or incidences using written MLE parameters */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#10eme Graphics of probabilities or incidences\n#############\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=p1 +p2*age +p3*age*age+ p4*V1+ p5*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p13/p11)=a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p13/p11)=p6 +p7*age +p8*age*age+ p9*V1+ p10*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p12+p13+p14+p11=1=p11(1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#                      +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p11=1/(1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#                      +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p12=exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)/\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#     (1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age))\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a14+b14*age+c14age*age+d14*V1+e14*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#\n");
     for(ng=1; ng<=3;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is logit, 2nd is probabilities, third is incidences per year*/
       fprintf(ficgp,"#Number of graphics: first is logit, 2nd is probabilities, third is incidences per year\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"#model=%s \n",model);
       fprintf(ficgp,"# Type of graphic ng=%d\n",ng);
       fprintf(ficgp,"#   k1=1 to 2^%d=%d\n",cptcoveff,m);/* to be checked */
       for(k1=1; k1 <=m; k1++)  /* For each combination of covariate */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n\n# Combination of dummy  k1=%d which is ",k1);
         strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
         /*sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," Dummy combination %d ",k1);*/
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each correspondig covariate value  */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         } 
         strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,ng,nres);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset key outside ");
         /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%s\" at graph 1.2,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",gplotlabel); */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"%s\" font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",gplotlabel);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480 ");
         if (ng==1){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Value of the logit of the model\"\n"); /* exp(a12+b12*x) could be nice */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset log y");
         }else if (ng==2){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Probability\"\n");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
         }else if (ng==3){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
         }else
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title ");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         i=1;
         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
           k3=i;
           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
             if (k != k2){
               switch( ng) {
               case 1:
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               case 2: /* ng=2 */
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               case 3:
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               }
               ij=1;/* To be checked else nbcode[0][0] wrong */
               ijp=1; /* product no age */
               /* for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++) { */
               for(j=1; j <=cptcovt; j++) { /* For each covariate of the simplified model */
                 /* printf("Tage[%d]=%d, j=%d\n", ij, Tage[ij], j); */
                 if(cptcovage >0){ /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, 2 V5 and V1 */
                   if(j==Tage[ij]) { /* Product by age  To be looked at!!*/
                     if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, 2 V5 and V1 */
                       if(DummyV[j]==0){
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]);;
                       }else{ /* quantitative */
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f*x",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /* Tqinvresult in decoderesult */
                         /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                       }
                       ij++;
                     }
                   } 
                 }else if(cptcovprod >0){
                   if(j==Tprod[ijp]) { /* */ 
                     /* printf("Tprod[%d]=%d, j=%d\n", ij, Tprod[ijp], j); */
                     if(ijp <=cptcovprod) { /* Product */
                       if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][1]]==0){/* Vn is dummy */
                         if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][2]]==0){/* Vn and Vm are dummy */
                           /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvard[ijp][1]][codtabm(k1,j)],nbcode[Tvard[ijp][2]][codtabm(k1,j)]); */
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                         }else{ /* Vn is dummy and Vm is quanti */
                           /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvard[ijp][1]][codtabm(k1,j)],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]); */
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                         }
                       }else{ /* Vn*Vm Vn is quanti */
                         if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][2]]==0){
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]]);
                         }else{ /* Both quanti */
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                         }
                       }
                       ijp++;
                     }
                   } /* end Tprod */
                 } else{  /* simple covariate */
                   /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtabm(k1,j)]); /\* Valgrind bug nbcode *\/ */
                   if(Dummy[j]==0){
                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /*  */
                   }else{ /* quantitative */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /* */
                     /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                   }
                 } /* end simple */
               } /* end j */
             }else{
               i=i-ncovmodel;
               if(ng !=1 ) /* For logit formula of log p11 is more difficult to get */
                 fprintf(ficgp," (1.");
             }
             
             if(ng != 1){
               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
               
               for(cpt=1; cpt <=nlstate; cpt++){ 
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1,k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+nagesqr);
                  
                 ij=1;
                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++){
                    if(cptcovage >0){ 
                      if((j-2)==Tage[ij]) { /* Bug valgrind */
                        if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* Bug valgrind */
                          fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,j-2)]);
                          /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                          ij++;
                        }
                      }
                    }else
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,j-2)]);/* Valgrind bug nbcode */
                 }
                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
               }
               fprintf(ficgp,")");
               if(ng ==2)
                 fprintf(ficgp," w l lw 2 lt (%d*%d+%d)%%%d+1 dt %d t \"p%d%d\" ", nlstate+ndeath, k2, k, nlstate+ndeath, k2, k2,k);
               else /* ng= 3 */
                 fprintf(ficgp," w l lw 2 lt (%d*%d+%d)%%%d+1 dt %d t \"i%d%d\" ",  nlstate+ndeath, k2, k, nlstate+ndeath, k2, k2,k);
             }else{ /* end ng <> 1 */
               if( k !=k2) /* logit p11 is hard to draw */
                 fprintf(ficgp," w l lw 2 lt (%d*%d+%d)%%%d+1 dt %d t \"logit(p%d%d)\" ",  nlstate+ndeath, k2, k, nlstate+ndeath, k2, k2,k);
             }
             if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath) && ng != 1)
               fprintf(ficgp,",");
             if (ng == 1 && k!=k2 && (k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath))
               fprintf(ficgp,",");
             i=i+ncovmodel;
           } /* end k */
         } /* end k2 */
         /* fprintf(ficgp,"\n set out; unset label;set key default;\n"); */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n set out; unset title;set key default;\n");
       } /* end k1 */
     } /* end ng */
     /* avoid: */
     fflush(ficgp); 
   }  /* end gnuplot */
   
   
   /*************** Moving average **************/
   /* int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage, double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav, double bageout, double fageout){ */
    int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage, double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
      
      int i, cpt, cptcod;
      int modcovmax =1;
      int mobilavrange, mob;
      int iage=0;
      int firstA1=0, firstA2=0;
   
      double sum=0., sumr=0.;
      double age;
      double *sumnewp, *sumnewm, *sumnewmr;
      double *agemingood, *agemaxgood; 
      double *agemingoodr, *agemaxgoodr; 
     
     
      /* modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;  Max number of modalities. We suppose  */
      /*              a covariate has 2 modalities, should be equal to ncovcombmax   */
   
      sumnewp = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      sumnewm = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      sumnewmr = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      agemingood = vector(1,ncovcombmax);  
      agemingoodr = vector(1,ncovcombmax); 
      agemaxgood = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      agemaxgoodr = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
   
      for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
        sumnewm[cptcod]=0.; sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
        sumnewp[cptcod]=0.;
        agemingood[cptcod]=0, agemingoodr[cptcod]=0;
        agemaxgood[cptcod]=0, agemaxgoodr[cptcod]=0;
      }
      if (cptcovn<1) ncovcombmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
     
      if(mobilav==-1 || mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
        if(mobilav==1 || mobilav==-1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
        else mobilavrange=mobilav;
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++)
              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
        /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
           fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
           we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
        */ 
        for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
          for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
              sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
                }
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
                sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
              } /* end i */
              if(sumnewm[cptcod] >1.e-3) mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/sumnewm[cptcod]; /* Rescaling to sum one */
            } /* end cptcod */
          }/* end age */
        }/* end mob */
      }else{
        printf("Error internal in movingaverage, mobilav=%d.\n",mobilav);
        return -1;
      }
   
      for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){ /* for each combination */
        /* for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){ */
        if(invalidvarcomb[cptcod]){
          printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",cptcod); 
          continue;
        }
   
        for (age=fage-(mob-1)/2; age>=bage+(mob-1)/2; age--){ /*looking for the youngest and oldest good age */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good without smoothing */
            agemingoodr[cptcod]=age;
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemingood[cptcod]=age;
          }
        } /* age */
        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){ /*looking for the youngest and oldest good age */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good without smoothing */
            agemaxgoodr[cptcod]=age;
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
            agemaxgood[cptcod]=age;
          }
        } /* age */
        /* Thus we have agemingood and agemaxgood as well as goodr for raw (preobs) */
        /* but they will change */
        firstA1=0;firstA2=0;
        for (age=fage-(mob-1)/2; age>=bage; age--){/* From oldest to youngest, filling up to the youngest */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(mobilav==-1){ /* Forcing raw ages if good else agemingood */
            if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good without smoothing */
              agemaxgoodr[cptcod]=age;  /* age min */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            }else{ /* bad we change the value with the values of good ages */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgoodr[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }else{
            if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemaxgood[cptcod]=age;
            }else{ /* bad we change the value with the values of good ages */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }/* end else */
          sum=0.;sumr=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sum+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumr+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sum - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            if(!firstA1){
              firstA1=1;
              printf("Moving average A1: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one (%f) at any descending age! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d. Others in log file...\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
            }
            fprintf(ficlog,"Moving average A1: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one (%f) at any descending age! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
          } /* end bad */
          /* else{ /\* We found some ages summing to one, we will smooth the oldest *\/ */
          if(fabs(sumr - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            if(!firstA2){
              firstA2=1;
              printf("Moving average A2: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, the raw prevalence doesn't sums to one (%f) even with smoothed values at young ages! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d. Others in log file...\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
            }
            fprintf(ficlog,"Moving average A2: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, the raw prevalence doesn't sums to one (%f) even with smoothed values at young ages! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
          } /* end bad */
        }/* age */
   
        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage; age++){/* From youngest, finding the oldest wrong */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          } 
          if(mobilav==-1){ /* Forcing raw ages if good else agemingood */
            if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemingoodr[cptcod]=age;
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            }else{ /* bad we change the value with the values of good ages */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingoodr[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }else{
            if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemingood[cptcod]=age;
            }else{ /* bad */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }/* end else */
          sum=0.;sumr=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sum+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumr+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sum - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            printf("Moving average B1: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one (%f) at any descending age! age=%d, could you decrease fage=%d?\n",cptcod, sum, (int) age, (int)fage);
          } /* end bad */
          /* else{ /\* We found some ages summing to one, we will smooth the oldest *\/ */
          if(fabs(sumr - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            printf("Moving average B2: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, the raw prevalence doesn't sums to one (%f) even with smoothed values at young ages! age=%d, could you increase fage=%d\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)fage);
          } /* end bad */
        }/* age */
   
                   
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++){
          /* printf("%d %d ", cptcod, (int)age); */
          sumnewp[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewp[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            /* printf("%.4f %.4f ",probs[(int)age][i][cptcod], mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); */
          }
          /* printf("%.4f %.4f \n",sumnewp[cptcod], sumnewm[cptcod]); */
        }
        /* printf("\n"); */
        /* } */
   
        /* brutal averaging */
        /* for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
        /*   for (age=1; age<=bage; age++){ */
        /*          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod]; */
        /*          /\* printf("age=%d i=%d cptcod=%d mobaverage=%.4f \n",(int)age,i, cptcod, mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); *\/ */
        /*   }      */
        /*   for (age=fage; age<=AGESUP; age++){ */
        /*          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod]; */
        /*          /\* printf("age=%d i=%d cptcod=%d mobaverage=%.4f \n",(int)age,i, cptcod, mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); *\/ */
        /*   } */
        /* } /\* end i status *\/ */
        /* for (i=nlstate+1; i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++){ */
        /*   for (age=1; age<=AGESUP; age++){ */
        /*          /\*printf("i=%d, age=%d, cptcod=%d\n",i, (int)age, cptcod);*\/ */
        /*          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=0.; */
        /*   } */
        /* } */
      }/* end cptcod */
      free_vector(agemaxgoodr,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemaxgood,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemingood,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemingoodr,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(sumnewmr,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(sumnewm,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(sumnewp,1, ncovcombmax);
      return 0;
    }/* End movingaverage */
    
   
    
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
   /* void prevforecast(char fileres[], double dateintmean, double anprojd, double mprojd, double jprojd, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double ***prev, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anprojf, double p[], int cptcoveff)*/
   void prevforecast(char fileres[], double dateintmean, double dateprojd, double dateprojf, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double ***prev, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* dateintemean, mean date of interviews
        dateprojd, year, month, day of starting projection 
        dateprojf date of end of projection;year of end of projection (same day and month as proj1).
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
     */
     /* double anprojd, mprojd, jprojd; */
     /* double anprojf, mprojf, jprojf; */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, cptcod, i, h, i1, k4, nres=0;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
     /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\ */
     /*          firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model); */
    
     strcpy(fileresf,"F_"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileresu);
     if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
     printf("\nComputing forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresf);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else{
       hstepm=estepm;   
     }
     if(estepm > stepm){ /* Yes every two year */
       stepsize=2;
     }
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm;
   
     
     /* yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/\* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and */
     /*                              fractional in yp1 *\/ */
     /* aintmean=yp; */
     /* yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp); */
     /* mintmean=yp; */
     /* yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp); */
     /* jintmean=yp; */
     /* if(jintmean==0) jintmean=1; */
     /* if(mintmean==0) mintmean=1; */
   
   
     /* date2dmy(dateintmean,&jintmean,&mintmean,&aintmean); */
     /* date2dmy(dateprojd,&jprojd, &mprojd, &anprojd); */
     /* date2dmy(dateprojf,&jprojf, &mprojf, &anprojf); */
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jintmean,mintmean,aintmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
     
   /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
       if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
         continue;
       if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
         printf("\nCombination (%d) projection ignored because no cases \n",k); 
         continue;
       }
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#****** hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
       }
       for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
       }
       fprintf(ficresf," yearproj age");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        
           fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresf," wp.%d",j);
       }
       for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anprojf-anprojd);yearp +=stepsize) {
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojd,mprojd,anprojd+yearp);   
         /* for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){  */
         for (agec=fage; agec>=(bage); agec--){ 
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           /* We compute pii at age agec over nhstepm);*/
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k,nres);
           /* Then we print p3mat for h corresponding to the right agec+h*stepms=yearp */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
               break;
             }
           }
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anprojd+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
           
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
             ppij=0.;
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
               if (mobilav>=1)
                ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*prev[(int)agec][i][k];
               else { /* even if mobilav==-1 we use mobaverage, probs may not sums to 1 */
                   ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][k];
               }
               fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             } /* end i */
             fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
           }/* end j */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         } /* end agec */
         /* diffyear=(int) anproj1+yearp-ageminpar-1; */
         /*printf("Prevforecast %d+%d-%d=diffyear=%d\n",(int) anproj1, (int)yearp,(int)ageminpar,(int) anproj1-(int)ageminpar);*/
       } /* end yearp */
     } /* end  k */
           
     fclose(ficresf);
     printf("End of Computing forecasting \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Computing forecasting\n");
   
   }
   
   /************** Back Forecasting ******************/
    /* void prevbackforecast(char fileres[], double ***prevacurrent, double anback1, double mback1, double jback1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anback2, double p[], int cptcoveff){ */
    void prevbackforecast(char fileres[], double ***prevacurrent, double dateintmean, double dateprojd, double dateprojf, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* back1, year, month, day of starting backprojection
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anback2 year of end of backprojection (same day and month as back1).
        prevacurrent and prev are prevalences.
     */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, cptcod, i, h, i1, k4, nres=0;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, ppi, yp,yp1,yp2; /* ,jintmean,mintmean,aintmean;*/
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     char fileresfb[FILENAMELENGTH];
    
     agelim=AGEINF;
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
     /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\ */
     /*          firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model); */
   
     /*Do we need to compute prevalence again?*/
   
     /* prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
     
     strcpy(fileresfb,"FB_");
     strcat(fileresfb,fileresu);
     if((ficresfb=fopen(fileresfb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with back forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresfb);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with back forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresfb);
     }
     printf("\nComputing back forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresfb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing back forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresfb);
     
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
     
      
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else{
       hstepm=estepm;   
     }
     if(estepm >= stepm){ /* Yes every two year */
       stepsize=2;
     }
     
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm;
     /* yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/\* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and */
     /*                              fractional in yp1 *\/ */
     /* aintmean=yp; */
     /* yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp); */
     /* mintmean=yp; */
     /* yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp); */
     /* jintmean=yp; */
     /* if(jintmean==0) jintmean=1; */
     /* if(mintmean==0) jintmean=1; */
     
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresfb,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jintmean,mintmean,aintmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2);
     printf("# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jintmean,mintmean,aintmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2);
     
     fprintf(ficresfb,"#****** Routine prevbackforecast **\n");
     
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
       if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
         continue;
       if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
         printf("\nCombination (%d) projection ignored because no cases \n",k); 
         continue;
       }
       fprintf(ficresfb,"\n#****** hbijx=probability over h years, hb.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
         fprintf(ficresfb," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
       }
       for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
       }
       fprintf(ficresfb," yearbproj age");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           fprintf(ficresfb," b%d%d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresfb," b.%d",j);
       }
       for (yearp=0; yearp>=(anbackf-anbackd);yearp -=stepsize) {
         /* for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {  */
         fprintf(ficresfb,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresfb,"\n# Back Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jbackd,mbackd,anbackd+yearp);
         /* printf("\n# Back Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jback1,mback1,anback1+yearp); */
         /* for (agec=bage; agec<=agemax-1; agec++){  /\* testing *\/ */
         for (agec=bage; agec<=fage; agec++){  /* testing */
           /* We compute bij at age agec over nhstepm, nhstepm decreases when agec increases because of agemax;*/
           nhstepm=(int) (agec-agelim) *YEARM/stepm;/*     nhstepm=(int) rint((agec-agelim)*YEARM/stepm);*/
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           /* computes hbxij at age agec over 1 to nhstepm */
           /* printf("####prevbackforecast debug  agec=%.2f nhstepm=%d\n",agec, nhstepm);fflush(stdout); */
           hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm, k, nres);
           /* hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,             nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k,nres); */
           /* Then we print p3mat for h corresponding to the right agec+h*stepms=yearp */
           /* printf(" agec=%.2f\n",agec);fflush(stdout); */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==-yearp) {
               break;
             }
           }
           fprintf(ficresfb,"\n");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficresfb,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficresfb,"%.f %.f ",anbackd+yearp,agec-h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++) {
             ppij=0.;ppi=0.;
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) {
               /* if (mobilav==1) */
               ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*prevacurrent[(int)agec][j][k];
               ppi=ppi+prevacurrent[(int)agec][j][k];
               /* ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][j][k]; */
               /* ppi=ppi+mobaverage[(int)agec][j][k]; */
                 /* else { */
                 /*        ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][k]; */
                 /* } */
               fprintf(ficresfb," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             } /* end j */
             if(ppi <0.99){
               printf("Error in prevbackforecast, prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: %3f\n",i, ppi);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error in prevbackforecast, prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: %3f\n",i, ppi);
             }
             fprintf(ficresfb," %.3f", ppij);
           }/* end j */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         } /* end agec */
       } /* end yearp */
     } /* end k */
     
     /* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
     
     fclose(ficresfb);
     printf("End of Computing Back forecasting \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Computing Back forecasting\n");
           
   }
   
   /* Variance of prevalence limit: varprlim */
    void varprlim(char fileresu[], int nresult, double ***prevacurrent, int mobilavproj, double bage, double fage, double **prlim, int *ncvyearp, double ftolpl, double p[], double **matcov, double *delti, int stepm, int cptcoveff){
       /*------- Variance of forward period (stable) prevalence------*/   
    
      char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
      FILE *ficresvpl;
      double **oldm, **savm;
      double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */   
      int i1, k, nres, j ;
      
       strcpy(fileresvpl,"VPL_");
       strcat(fileresvpl,fileresu);
       if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance of forward period (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
         exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of forward period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvpl);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog, "Computing Variance-covariance of forward period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvpl);fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
       
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         printf("\n#****** ");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficresvpl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileresvpl, ficresvpl, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k, strstart, nres);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         /*}*/
       }
       
       fclose(ficresvpl);
       printf("done variance-covariance of forward period prevalence\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done variance-covariance of forward period prevalence\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
    }
   /* Variance of back prevalence: varbprlim */
    void varbprlim(char fileresu[], int nresult, double ***prevacurrent, int mobilavproj, double bage, double fage, double **bprlim, int *ncvyearp, double ftolpl, double p[], double **matcov, double *delti, int stepm, int cptcoveff){
         /*------- Variance of back (stable) prevalence------*/
   
      char fileresvbl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
      FILE  *ficresvbl;
   
      double **oldm, **savm;
      double **varbpl; /* Variances of back prevalence limits by age */   
      int i1, k, nres, j ;
   
      strcpy(fileresvbl,"VBL_");
      strcat(fileresvbl,fileresu);
      if((ficresvbl=fopen(fileresvbl,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with variance of back (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvbl);
        exit(0);
      }
      printf("Computing Variance-covariance of back (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvbl);fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog, "Computing Variance-covariance of back (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvbl);fflush(ficlog);
      
      
      i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
      
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
        for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
          if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
            continue;
          fprintf(ficresvbl,"\n#****** ");
          printf("\n#****** ");
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** ");
          for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
            fprintf(ficresvbl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
            fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
            printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
          }
          for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
            fprintf(ficresvbl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
            fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
          }
          fprintf(ficresvbl,"******\n");
          printf("******\n");
          fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
          
          varbpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
          oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
          
          varbrevlim(fileresvbl, ficresvbl, varbpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, bprlim, ftolpl, mobilavproj, ncvyearp, k, strstart, nres);
          free_matrix(varbpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
          /*}*/
        }
      
      fclose(ficresvbl);
      printf("done variance-covariance of back prevalence\n");fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog,"done variance-covariance of back prevalence\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
    } /* End of varbprlim */
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   /* void populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2s, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){ */
     
   /*   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h; */
   /*   int *popage; */
   /*   double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2; */
   /*   double *popeffectif,*popcount; */
   /*   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev; */
   /*   /\* double ***mobaverage; *\/ */
   /*   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH]; */
   
   /*   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
   /*   calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM; */
     
   /*   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
     
     
   /*   strcpy(filerespop,"POP_");  */
   /*   strcat(filerespop,fileresu); */
   /*   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop); */
   /*   } */
   /*   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop); */
   /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop); */
   
   /*   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1; */
   
   /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) { *\/ */
   /*   /\*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
   /*   /\*   if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ *\/ */
   /*   /\*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
   /*   /\*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
   /*   /\*   } *\/ */
   /*   /\* } *\/ */
   
   /*   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM; */
   /*   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1; */
     
   /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
     
   /*   hstepm=1; */
   /*   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  */
           
   /*   if (popforecast==1) { */
   /*     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) { */
   /*       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0); */
   /*       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0); */
   /*     }  */
   /*     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP); */
   /*     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP); */
   /*     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP); */
       
   /*     i=1;    */
   /*     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1; */
       
   /*     imx=i; */
   /*     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i]; */
   /*   } */
     
   /*   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){ */
   /*     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){ */
   /*       k=k+1; */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******"); */
   /*       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) { */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */
   /*       } */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n"); */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age"); */
   /*       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j); */
   /*       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]"); */
         
   /*       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {  */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    */
           
   /*      for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){  */
   /*        nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  */
   /*        nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
             
   /*        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*        oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
   /*        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
             
   /*        for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
   /*          if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) { */
   /*            fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
   /*          }  */
   /*          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   /*            kk1=0.;kk2=0; */
   /*            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {               */
   /*              if (mobilav==1)  */
   /*                kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod]; */
   /*              else { */
   /*                kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod]; */
   /*              } */
   /*            } */
   /*            if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){ */
   /*              tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1; */
   /*              /\*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1); */
   /*                if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*\/ */
   /*            } */
   /*          } */
   /*          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
   /*            kk1=0.; */
   /*            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
   /*              kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];  */
   /*            } */
   /*            tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)]; */
   /*          } */
               
   /*          if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) */
   /*            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  */
   /*              fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]); */
   /*        } */
   /*        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*      } */
   /*       } */
         
   /*       /\******\/ */
         
   /*       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {  */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    */
   /*      for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){  */
   /*        nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  */
   /*        nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
             
   /*        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*        oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
   /*        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
   /*        for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
   /*          if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) { */
   /*            fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
   /*          }  */
   /*          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   /*            kk1=0.;kk2=0; */
   /*            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {               */
   /*              kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];     */
   /*            } */
   /*            if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);         */
   /*          } */
   /*        } */
   /*        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*      } */
   /*       } */
   /*     }  */
   /*   } */
     
   /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
     
   /*   if (popforecast==1) { */
   /*     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP); */
   /*     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP); */
   /*     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP); */
   /*   } */
   /*   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   fclose(ficrespop); */
   /* } /\* End of popforecast *\/ */
    
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   
   
   /**************** function prwizard **********************/
   void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
   
     /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
   
     char ca[32], cb[32];
     int i,j, k, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     } /* end itimes */
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz(double x[])
   { 
     double A=0.0,B=0.,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
     L=0.0;
     /* agegomp=AGEGOMP; */
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++) {
       /* mu(a)=mu(agecomp)*exp(teta*(age-agegomp))
          mu(a)=x[1]*exp(x[2]*(age-agegomp)); x[1] and x[2] are per year.
        * L= Product mu(agedeces)exp(-\int_ageexam^agedc mu(u) du ) for a death between agedc (in month) 
        *   and agedc +1 month, cens[i]=0: log(x[1]/YEARM)
        * +
        * exp(-\int_ageexam^agecens mu(u) du ) when censored, cens[i]=1
        */
        if (wav[i] > 1 || agedc[i] < AGESUP) {
          if (cens[i] == 1){
            A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
          } else if (cens[i] == 0){
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
             +log(x[1]/YEARM) +x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);
         } else
            printf("Gompertz cens[%d] neither 1 nor 0\n",i);
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
          L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
        }
     }
   
     /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
    
     return -2*L*num/sump;
   }
   
   #ifdef GSL
   /******************* Gompertz_f Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz_f(const gsl_vector *v, void *params)
   { 
     double A=0.,B=0.,LL=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     double *x= (double *) v->data;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
     printf("x[0]=%lf x[1]=%lf\n",x[0],x[1]);
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[0]/(x[1])*(exp(x[1]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[1]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[0]/(x[1])*(exp(x[1]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[1]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[0]/YEARM)+x[1]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           LL=LL+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
     printf("x[0]=%lf x[1]=%lf -2*LL*num/sump=%lf\n",x[0],x[1],-2*LL*num/sump);
    
     return -2*LL*num/sump;
   }
   #endif
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtmlmort(char fileresu[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,  double p[],double **matcov,double agemortsup){
     int i,k;
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
     fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
     for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
       fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.svg\">");
     fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Life table</h4>\n <br>");
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\nAge   l<inf>x</inf>     q<inf>x</inf> d(x,x+1)    L<inf>x</inf>     T<inf>x</inf>     e<infx</inf><br>");
   
    for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
      fprintf(fichtm,"%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf<br>\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
   
    
     fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplotmort(char fileresu[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
   
     int ng;
   
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
   
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.svg\"\n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set ter svg size 640, 480\n set log y\n"); 
     /* fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n"); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
   
   } 
   
   int readdata(char datafile[], int firstobs, int lastobs, int *imax)
   {
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     FILE *fic;
     char dummy[]="                         ";
     int i=0, j=0, n=0, iv=0, v;
     int lstra;
     int linei, month, year,iout;
     int noffset=0; /* This is the offset if BOM data file */
     char line[MAXLINE], linetmp[MAXLINE];
     char stra[MAXLINE], strb[MAXLINE];
     char *stratrunc;
   
     DummyV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* 1 to 3 */
     FixedV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* 1 to 3 */
   
     for(v=1; v <=ncovcol;v++){
       DummyV[v]=0;
       FixedV[v]=0;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=1;
       FixedV[v]=0;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+nqv+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=0;
       FixedV[v]=1;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=1;
       FixedV[v]=1;
     }
     for(v=1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv;v++){
       printf("Covariate type in the data: V%d, DummyV(V%d)=%d, FixedV(V%d)=%d\n",v,v,DummyV[v],v,FixedV[v]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Covariate type in the data: V%d, DummyV(V%d)=%d, FixedV(V%d)=%d\n",v,v,DummyV[v],v,FixedV[v]);
     }
   
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(ficlog);return 1;
     }
   
       /* Is it a BOM UTF-8 Windows file? */
     /* First data line */
     linei=0;
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic)) {
       noffset=0;
       if( line[0] == (char)0xEF && line[1] == (char)0xBB) /* EF BB BF */
       {
         noffset=noffset+3;
         printf("# Data file '%s'  is an UTF8 BOM file, please convert to UTF8 or ascii file and rerun.\n",datafile);fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,"# Data file '%s'  is an UTF8 BOM file, please convert to UTF8 or ascii file and rerun.\n",datafile);
         fflush(ficlog); return 1;
       }
       /*    else if( line[0] == (char)0xFE && line[1] == (char)0xFF)*/
       else if( line[0] == (char)0xFF && line[1] == (char)0xFE)
       {
         noffset=noffset+2;
         printf("# Data file '%s'  is a huge UTF16BE BOM file, please convert to UTF8 or ascii file (for example with dos2unix) and rerun.\n",datafile);fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,"# Data file '%s'  is a huge UTF16BE BOM file, please convert to UTF8 or ascii file (for example with dos2unix) and rerun.\n",datafile);
         fflush(ficlog); return 1;
       }
       else if( line[0] == 0 && line[1] == 0)
       {
         if( line[2] == (char)0xFE && line[3] == (char)0xFF){
           noffset=noffset+4;
           printf("# Data file '%s'  is a huge UTF16BE BOM file, please convert to UTF8 or ascii file (for example with dos2unix) and rerun.\n",datafile);fflush(stdout);
           fprintf(ficlog,"# Data file '%s'  is a huge UTF16BE BOM file, please convert to UTF8 or ascii file (for example with dos2unix) and rerun.\n",datafile);
           fflush(ficlog); return 1;
         }
       } else{
         ;/*printf(" Not a BOM file\n");*/
       }
           /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
       if (line[noffset] == '#') {
         linei=linei+1;
         break;
       }else{
         break;
       }
     }
     fclose(fic);
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(ficlog);return 1;
     }
     /* Not a Bom file */
     
     i=1;
     while ((fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL) &&((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs))) {
       linei=linei+1;
       for(j=strlen(line); j>=0;j--){  /* Untabifies line */
         if(line[j] == '\t')
           line[j] = ' ';
       }
       for(j=strlen(line)-1; (line[j]==' ')||(line[j]==10)||(line[j]==13);j--){
         ;
       };
       line[j+1]=0;  /* Trims blanks at end of line */
       if(line[0]=='#'){
         fprintf(ficlog,"Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         printf("Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         continue;
       }
       trimbb(linetmp,line); /* Trims multiple blanks in line */
       strcpy(line, linetmp);
       
       /* Loops on waves */
       for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
         for (iv=nqtv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on time varying quantitative variables */
           cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
           if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
             lval=-1;
             cotqvar[j][iv][i]=-1; /* 0.0/0.0 */
             cotvar[j][ntv+iv][i]=-1; /* For performance reasons */
             if(isalpha(strb[1])) { /* .m or .d Really Missing value */
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. If missing, you should remove this individual or impute a value.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. If missing, you should remove this individual or impute a value.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
           }else{
             errno=0;
             /* what_kind_of_number(strb); */
             dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
             /* if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){ */
             /* if(strb != endptr && *endptr == '\0') */
             /*    dval=dlval; */
             /* if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) */
             if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j,maxwav);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqtv, j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
             cotqvar[j][iv][i]=dval; 
             cotvar[j][ntv+iv][i]=dval; 
           }
           strcpy(line,stra);
         }/* end loop ntqv */
         
         for (iv=ntv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on time varying dummies */
           cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
           if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
             lval=-1;
           }else{
             errno=0;
             lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
             /*    if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
             if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th dummy covariate out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, ntv, j,maxwav);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d dummy covariate out of %d measured wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, ntv,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
           }
           if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
             printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
           cotvar[j][iv][i]=(double)(lval);
           strcpy(line,stra);
         }/* end loop ntv */
         
         /* Statuses  at wave */
         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
           /*      if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
         }
         
         s[j][i]=lval;
         
         /* Date of Interview */
         strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
         if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
         }
         else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy)) != 0){
           month=99;
           year=9999;
         }else{
           printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         anint[j][i]= (double) year; 
         mint[j][i]= (double)month;
         /* if( (int)anint[j][i]+ (int)(mint[j][i])/12. < (int) (moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i])){ */
         /*        printf("Warning reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nThe date of interview (%2d/%4d) at wave %d occurred before the date of birth (%2d/%4d).\n",strb, linei,i, line, mint[j][i],anint[j][i], moisnais[i],annais[i]); */
         /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nThe date of interview (%2d/%4d) at wave %d occurred before the date of birth (%2d/%4d).\n",strb, linei,i, line, mint[j][i],anint[j][i], moisnais[i],annais[i]); */
         /* } */
         strcpy(line,stra);
       } /* End loop on waves */
       
       /* Date of death */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
       }
       else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy)) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       andc[i]=(double) year; 
       moisdc[i]=(double) month; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       /* Date of birth */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
       }
       else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.", dummy)) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       if (year==9999) {
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given. Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
         
       }
       annais[i]=(double)(year);
       moisnais[i]=(double)(month);
       for (j=1;j<=maxwav;j++){
         if( (int)anint[j][i]+ (int)(mint[j][i])/12. < (int) (moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i])){
           printf("Warning reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nThe date of interview (%2d/%4d) at wave %d occurred before the date of birth (%2d/%4d).\n",strb, linei,i, line, (int)mint[j][i],(int)anint[j][i], j,(int)moisnais[i],(int)annais[i]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nThe date of interview (%2d/%4d) at wave %d occurred before the date of birth (%2d/%4d).\n",strb, linei,i, line, (int)mint[j][i],(int)anint[j][i], j, (int)moisnais[i],(int)annais[i]);
         }
       }
   
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       /* Sample weight */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       errno=0;
       dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
       if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
         printf("Error reading data around '%f' at line number %d, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%f' at line number %d, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       weight[i]=dval; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       for (iv=nqv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on fixed quantitative variables */
         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           /* what_kind_of_number(strb); */
           dval=strtod(strb,&endptr);
           /* if(strb != endptr && *endptr == '\0') */
           /*   dval=dlval; */
           /* if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) */
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value (out of %d) constant for all waves. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqv, maxwav);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value (out of %d) constant for all waves. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqv, maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
           coqvar[iv][i]=dval; 
           covar[ncovcol+iv][i]=dval; /* including qvar in standard covar for performance reasons */ 
         }
         strcpy(line,stra);
       }/* end loop nqv */
       
       /* Covariate values */
       for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing covariate value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
         }
         if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
           printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         covar[j][i]=(double)(lval);
         strcpy(line,stra);
       }  
       lstra=strlen(stra);
       
       if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
         stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
         num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
       }
       else
         num[i]=atol(stra);
       /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
         printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
       
       i=i+1;
     } /* End loop reading  data */
     
     *imax=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
     fclose(fic);
     
     return (0);
     /* endread: */
     printf("Exiting readdata: ");
     fclose(fic);
     return (1);
   }
   
   void removefirstspace(char **stri){/*, char stro[]) {*/
     char *p1 = *stri, *p2 = *stri;
     while (*p2 == ' ')
       p2++; 
     /* while ((*p1++ = *p2++) !=0) */
     /*   ; */
     /* do */
     /*   while (*p2 == ' ') */
     /*     p2++; */
     /* while (*p1++ == *p2++); */
     *stri=p2; 
   }
   
   int decoderesult ( char resultline[], int nres)
   /**< This routine decode one result line and returns the combination # of dummy covariates only **/
   {
     int j=0, k=0, k1=0, k2=0, k3=0, k4=0, match=0, k2q=0, k3q=0, k4q=0;
     char resultsav[MAXLINE];
     int resultmodel[MAXLINE];
     int modelresult[MAXLINE];
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80];
   
     removefirstspace(&resultline);
     printf("decoderesult:%s\n",resultline);
   
     if (strstr(resultline,"v") !=0){
       printf("Error. 'v' must be in upper case 'V' result: %s ",resultline);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. 'v' must be in upper case result: %s ",resultline);fflush(ficlog);
       return 1;
     }
     trimbb(resultsav, resultline);
     if (strlen(resultsav) >1){
       j=nbocc(resultsav,'='); /**< j=Number of covariate values'=' */
     }
     if(j == 0){ /* Resultline but no = */
       TKresult[nres]=0; /* Combination for the nresult and the model */
       return (0);
     }
       
     if( j != cptcovs ){ /* Be careful if a variable is in a product but not single */
       printf("ERROR: the number of variable in the resultline, %d, differs from the number of variable used in the model line, %d.\n",j, cptcovs);
       fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR: the number of variable in the resultline, %d, differs from the number of variable used in the model line, %d.\n",j, cptcovs);
     }
     for(k=1; k<=j;k++){ /* Loop on any covariate of the result line */
       if(nbocc(resultsav,'=') >1){
          cutl(stra,strb,resultsav,' '); /* keeps in strb after the first ' ' 
                                         resultsav= V4=1 V5=25.1 V3=0 strb=V3=0 stra= V4=1 V5=25.1 */
          cutl(strc,strd,strb,'=');  /* strb:V4=1 strc=1 strd=V4 */
       }else
         cutl(strc,strd,resultsav,'=');
       Tvalsel[k]=atof(strc); /* 1 */
       
       cutl(strc,stre,strd,'V'); /* strd='V4' strc=4 stre='V' */;
       Tvarsel[k]=atoi(strc);
       /* Typevarsel[k]=1;  /\* 1 for age product *\/ */
       /* cptcovsel++;     */
       if (nbocc(stra,'=') >0)
         strcpy(resultsav,stra); /* and analyzes it */
     }
     /* Checking for missing or useless values in comparison of current model needs */
     for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt ;k1++){ /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       if(Typevar[k1]==0){ /* Single covariate in model */
         match=0;
         for(k2=1; k2 <=j;k2++){/* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
           if(Tvar[k1]==Tvarsel[k2]) {/* Tvar[1]=5 == Tvarsel[2]=5   */
             modelresult[k2]=k1;/* modelresult[2]=1 modelresult[1]=2  modelresult[3]=3  modelresult[6]=4 modelresult[9]=5 */
             match=1;
             break;
           }
         }
         if(match == 0){
           printf("Error in result line: %d value missing; result: %s, model=%s\n",k1, resultline, model);
         }
       }
     }
     /* Checking for missing or useless values in comparison of current model needs */
     for(k2=1; k2 <=j;k2++){ /* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
       match=0;
       for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt ;k1++){ /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         if(Typevar[k1]==0){ /* Single */
           if(Tvar[k1]==Tvarsel[k2]) { /* Tvar[2]=4 == Tvarsel[1]=4   */
             resultmodel[k1]=k2;  /* resultmodel[2]=1 resultmodel[1]=2  resultmodel[3]=3  resultmodel[6]=4 resultmodel[9]=5 */
             ++match;
           }
         }
       }
       if(match == 0){
         printf("Error in result line: %d value missing; result: %s, model=%s\n",k1, resultline, model);
       }else if(match > 1){
         printf("Error in result line: %d doubled; result: %s, model=%s\n",k2, resultline, model);
       }
     }
         
     /* We need to deduce which combination number is chosen and save quantitative values */
     /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
     /* result line V4=1 V5=25.1 V3=0  V2=8 V1=1 */
     /* should give a combination of dummy V4=1, V3=0, V1=1 => V4*2**(0) + V3*2**(1) + V1*2**(2) = 5 + (1offset) = 6*/
     /* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
     /* should give a combination of dummy V4=1, V3=1, V1=0 => V4*2**(0) + V3*2**(1) + V1*2**(2) = 3 + (1offset) = 4*/
     /*    1 0 0 0 */
     /*    2 1 0 0 */
     /*    3 0 1 0 */ 
     /*    4 1 1 0 */ /* V4=1, V3=1, V1=0 */
     /*    5 0 0 1 */
     /*    6 1 0 1 */ /* V4=1, V3=0, V1=1 */
     /*    7 0 1 1 */
     /*    8 1 1 1 */
     /* V(Tvresult)=Tresult V4=1 V3=0 V1=1 Tresult[nres=1][2]=0 */
     /* V(Tvqresult)=Tqresult V5=25.1 V2=8 Tqresult[nres=1][1]=25.1 */
     /* V5*age V5 known which value for nres?  */
     /* Tqinvresult[2]=8 Tqinvresult[1]=25.1  */
     for(k1=1, k=0, k4=0, k4q=0; k1 <=cptcovt;k1++){ /* model line */
       if( Dummy[k1]==0 && Typevar[k1]==0 ){ /* Single dummy */
         k3= resultmodel[k1]; /* resultmodel[2(V4)] = 1=k3 */
         k2=(int)Tvarsel[k3]; /*  Tvarsel[resultmodel[2]]= Tvarsel[1] = 4=k2 */
         k+=Tvalsel[k3]*pow(2,k4);  /*  Tvalsel[1]=1  */
         Tresult[nres][k4+1]=Tvalsel[k3];/* Tresult[nres][1]=1(V4=1)  Tresult[nres][2]=0(V3=0) */
         Tvresult[nres][k4+1]=(int)Tvarsel[k3];/* Tvresult[nres][1]=4 Tvresult[nres][3]=1 */
         Tinvresult[nres][(int)Tvarsel[k3]]=Tvalsel[k3]; /* Tinvresult[nres][4]=1 */
         printf("Decoderesult Dummy k=%d, V(k2=V%d)= Tvalsel[%d]=%d, 2**(%d)\n",k, k2, k3, (int)Tvalsel[k3], k4);
         k4++;;
       }  else if( Dummy[k1]==1 && Typevar[k1]==0 ){ /* Single quantitative */
         k3q= resultmodel[k1]; /* resultmodel[2] = 1=k3 */
         k2q=(int)Tvarsel[k3q]; /*  Tvarsel[resultmodel[2]]= Tvarsel[1] = 4=k2 */
         Tqresult[nres][k4q+1]=Tvalsel[k3q]; /* Tqresult[nres][1]=25.1 */
         Tvqresult[nres][k4q+1]=(int)Tvarsel[k3q]; /* Tvqresult[nres][1]=5 */
         Tqinvresult[nres][(int)Tvarsel[k3q]]=Tvalsel[k3q]; /* Tqinvresult[nres][5]=25.1 */
         printf("Decoderesult Quantitative nres=%d, V(k2q=V%d)= Tvalsel[%d]=%d, Tvarsel[%d]=%f\n",nres, k2q, k3q, Tvarsel[k3q], k3q, Tvalsel[k3q]);
         k4q++;;
       }
     }
     
     TKresult[nres]=++k; /* Combination for the nresult and the model */
     return (0);
   }
   
   int decodemodel( char model[], int lastobs)
    /**< This routine decodes the model and returns:
           * Model  V1+V2+V3+V8+V7*V8+V5*V6+V8*age+V3*age+age*age
           * - nagesqr = 1 if age*age in the model, otherwise 0.
           * - cptcovt total number of covariates of the model nbocc(+)+1 = 8 excepting constant and age and age*age
           * - cptcovn or number of covariates k of the models excluding age*products =6 and age*age
           * - cptcovage number of covariates with age*products =2
           * - cptcovs number of simple covariates
           * - Tvar[k] is the id of the kth covariate Tvar[1]@12 {1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 8, 3, 7, 8, 5, 6}, thus Tvar[5=V7*V8]=10
           *     which is a new column after the 9 (ncovcol) variables. 
           * - if k is a product Vn*Vm covar[k][i] is filled with correct values for each individual
           * - Tprod[l] gives the kth covariates of the product Vn*Vm l=1 to cptcovprod-cptcovage
           *    Tprod[1]@2 {5, 6}: position of first product V7*V8 is 5, and second V5*V6 is 6.
           * - Tvard[k]  p Tvard[1][1]@4 {7, 8, 5, 6} for V7*V8 and V5*V6 .
           */
   {
     int i, j, k, ks, v;
     int  j1, k1, k2, k3, k4;
     char modelsav[80];
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80];
     char *strpt;
   
     /*removespace(model);*/
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=0, k2=-1, ks=0, cptcovn=0;
       if (strstr(model,"AGE") !=0){
         printf("Error. AGE must be in lower case 'age' model=1+age+%s. ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. AGE must be in lower case model=1+age+%s. ",model);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       if (strstr(model,"v") !=0){
         printf("Error. 'v' must be in upper case 'V' model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. 'v' must be in upper case model=%s ",model);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strpt=strstr(model,"age*age")) !=0){
         printf(" strpt=%s, model=%s\n",strpt, model);
         if(strpt != model){
           printf("Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
    'model=1+age+age*age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.', please swap as well as \n \
    corresponding column of parameters.\n",model);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
    'model=1+age+age*age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.', please swap as well as \n \
    corresponding column of parameters.\n",model); fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         nagesqr=1;
         if (strstr(model,"+age*age") !=0)
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "+age*age");
         else if (strstr(model,"age*age+") !=0)
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "age*age+");
         else 
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "age*age");
       }else
         nagesqr=0;
       if (strlen(modelsav) >1){
         j=nbocc(modelsav,'+'); /**< j=Number of '+' */
         j1=nbocc(modelsav,'*'); /**< j1=Number of '*' */
         cptcovs=j+1-j1; /**<  Number of simple covariates V1+V1*age+V3 +V3*V4+age*age=> V1 + V3 =5-3=2  */
         cptcovt= j+1; /* Number of total covariates in the model, not including
                        * cst, age and age*age 
                        * V1+V1*age+ V3 + V3*V4+age*age=> 3+1=4*/
         /* including age products which are counted in cptcovage.
          * but the covariates which are products must be treated 
          * separately: ncovn=4- 2=2 (V1+V3). */
         cptcovprod=j1; /**< Number of products  V1*V2 +v3*age = 2 */
         cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age: V3*V4 =1  */
         
         
         /*   Design
          *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9 Weight
          *  <          ncovcol=8                >
          * Model V2 + V1 + V3*age + V3 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V8*age + V8
          *   k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8
          *  cptcovn number of covariates (not including constant and age ) = # of + plus 1 = 7+1=8
          *  covar[k,i], value of kth covariate if not including age for individual i:
          *       covar[1][i]= (V1), covar[4][i]=(V4), covar[8][i]=(V8)
          *  Tvar[k] # of the kth covariate:  Tvar[1]=2  Tvar[2]=1 Tvar[4]=3 Tvar[8]=8
          *       if multiplied by age: V3*age Tvar[3=V3*age]=3 (V3) Tvar[7]=8 and 
          *  Tage[++cptcovage]=k
          *       if products, new covar are created after ncovcol with k1
          *  Tvar[k]=ncovcol+k1; # of the kth covariate product:  Tvar[5]=ncovcol+1=10  Tvar[6]=ncovcol+1=11
          *  Tprod[k1]=k; Tprod[1]=5 Tprod[2]= 6; gives the position of the k1th product
          *  Tvard[k1][1]=m Tvard[k1][2]=m; Tvard[1][1]=5 (V5) Tvard[1][2]=6 Tvard[2][1]=7 (V7) Tvard[2][2]=8
          *  Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];
          *  Tvar[8+1]=5;Tvar[8+2]=6;Tvar[8+3]=7;Tvar[8+4]=8 inverted
          *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9  V10  V11
          *  <          ncovcol=8                >
          *       Model V2 + V1 + V3*age + V3 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V8*age + V8    d1   d1   d2  d2
          *          k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8    9   10   11  12
          *     Tvar[k]= 2    1      3       3    10      11      8        8    5    6    7   8
          * p Tvar[1]@12={2,   1,     3,      3,   11,     10,     8,       8,   7,   8,   5,  6}
          * p Tprod[1]@2={                         6, 5}
          *p Tvard[1][1]@4= {7, 8, 5, 6}
          * covar[k][i]= V2   V1      ?      V3    V5*V6?   V7*V8?  ?       V8   
          *  cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
          *How to reorganize?
          * Model V1 + V2 + V3 + V8 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V3*age + V8*age
          * Tvars {2,   1,     3,      3,   11,     10,     8,       8,   7,   8,   5,  6}
          *       {2,   1,     4,      8,    5,      6,     3,       7}
          * Struct []
          */
         
         /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
         /* j is the number of + signs in the model V1+V2+V3 j=2 i=3 to 1 */
         /*   modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4  */
         /*        k=4 (age*V3) Tvar[k=4]= 3 (from V3) Tage[cptcovage=1]=4 */
         /*        k=3 V4 Tvar[k=3]= 4 (from V4) */
         /*        k=2 V1 Tvar[k=2]= 1 (from V1) */
         /*        k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2) */
         /*        k=5 Tvar[5] */
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) { */
         /*        cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
         /*        } */
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[Tage[k])]]*cov[2]; */
         /*
          * Treating invertedly V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is as if written V2*V4 +V3*age + V1 + V2 */
         for(k=cptcovt; k>=1;k--){ /**< Number of covariates not including constant and age, neither age*age*/
           Tvar[k]=0; Tprod[k]=0; Tposprod[k]=0;
         }
         cptcovage=0;
         for(k=1; k<=cptcovt;k++){ /* Loop on total covariates of the model */
           cutl(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the first '+' 
                                            modelsav==V2+V1+V4+V3*age strb=V3*age stra=V2+V1+V4 */ 
           if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
           /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
           /*scanf("%d",i);*/
           if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /**< Model includes a product V2+V1+V4+V3*age strb=V3*age */
             cutl(strc,strd,strb,'*'); /**< strd*strc  Vm*Vn: strb=V3*age(input) strc=age strd=V3 ; V3*V2 strc=V2, strd=V3 */
             if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /**< Model includes age: Vn*age */
               /* covar is not filled and then is empty */
               cptcovprod--;
               cutl(stre,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd=V3(input): stre="3" */
               Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);  /* V2+V1+V4+V3*age Tvar[4]=3 ; V1+V2*age Tvar[2]=2; V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1 */
               Typevar[k]=1;  /* 1 for age product */
               cptcovage++; /* Sums the number of covariates which include age as a product */
               Tage[cptcovage]=k;  /* Tvar[4]=3, Tage[1] = 4 or V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1, Tage[1]=2 */
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
             } else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
               cptcovprod--;
               cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V');
               Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);
               Typevar[k]=1;  /* 1 for age product */
               cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=k;
             } else {  /* Age is not in the model product V2+V1+V1*V4+V3*age+V3*V2  strb=V3*V2*/
               /* loops on k1=1 (V3*V2) and k1=2 V4*V3 */
               cptcovn++;
               cptcovprodnoage++;k1++;
               cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n; strb=V3*V2 stre=3 strc=*/
               Tvar[k]=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv+k1; /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
                                                   because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
                                                   which is after existing variables ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv + k1
                                                   If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2
                                                   Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 Tvar[5=V3*V2]=4 + 2= 6, etc */
               Typevar[k]=2;  /* 2 for double fixed dummy covariates */
               cutl(strc,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
               Tprod[k1]=k;  /* Tprod[1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2  */
               Tposprod[k]=k1; /* Tpsprod[3]=1, Tposprod[2]=5 */
               Tvard[k1][1] =atoi(strc); /* m 1 for V1*/
               Tvard[k1][2] =atoi(stre); /* n 4 for V4*/
               k2=k2+2;  /* k2 is initialize to -1, We want to store the n and m in Vn*Vm at the end of Tvar */
               /* Tvar[cptcovt+k2]=Tvard[k1][1]; /\* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+k2=1)=5]= 1 (V1) *\/ */
               /* Tvar[cptcovt+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];  /\* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+(k2=1)+1)=6]= 4 (V4) *\/ */
               /*ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2, Tvar[3]=5, Tvar[4]=6, cptcovt=5 */
               /*                     1  2   3      4     5 | Tvar[5+1)=1, Tvar[7]=2   */
               for (i=1; i<=lastobs;i++){
                 /* Computes the new covariate which is a product of
                    covar[n][i]* covar[m][i] and stores it at ncovol+k1 May not be defined */
                 covar[ncovcol+k1][i]=covar[atoi(stre)][i]*covar[atoi(strc)][i];
               }
             } /* End age is not in the model */
           } /* End if model includes a product */
           else { /* no more sum */
             /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
             /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
             cutl(strd,strc,strb,'V');
             ks++; /**< Number of simple covariates dummy or quantitative, fixe or varying */
             cptcovn++; /** V4+V3+V5: V4 and V3 timevarying dummy covariates, V5 timevarying quantitative */
             Tvar[k]=atoi(strd);
             Typevar[k]=0;  /* 0 for simple covariates */
           }
           strcpy(modelsav,stra);  /* modelsav=V2+V1+V4 stra=V2+V1+V4 */ 
                                   /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
                                     scanf("%d",i);*/
         } /* end of loop + on total covariates */
       } /* end if strlen(modelsave == 0) age*age might exist */
     } /* end if strlen(model == 0) */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
     
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
        printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
        fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
        scanf("%d ",i);*/
   
   
   /* Until here, decodemodel knows only the grammar (simple, product, age*) of the model but not what kind
      of variable (dummy vs quantitative, fixed vs time varying) is behind. But we know the # of each. */
   /* ncovcol= 1, nqv=1 | ntv=2, nqtv= 1  = 5 possible variables data: 2 fixed 3, varying
      model=        V5 + V4 +V3 + V4*V3 + V5*age + V2 + V1*V2 + V1*age + V5*age, V1 is not used saving its place
      k =           1    2   3     4       5       6      7      8        9
      Tvar[k]=      5    4   3 1+1+2+1+1=6 5       2      7      1        5
      Typevar[k]=   0    0   0     2       1       0      2      1        1
      Fixed[k]      1    1   1     1       3       0    0 or 2   2        3
      Dummy[k]      1    0   0     0       3       1      1      2        3
             Tmodelind[combination of covar]=k;
   */  
   /* Dispatching between quantitative and time varying covariates */
     /* If Tvar[k] >ncovcol it is a product */
     /* Tvar[k] is the value n of Vn with n varying for 1 to nvcol, or p  Vp=Vn*Vm for product */
           /* Computing effective variables, ie used by the model, that is from the cptcovt variables */
     printf("Model=%s\n\
   Typevar: 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product \n\
   Fixed[k] 0=fixed (product or simple), 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product \n\
   Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product\n",model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Model=%s\n\
   Typevar: 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product \n\
   Fixed[k] 0=fixed (product or simple), 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product \n\
   Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product\n",model);
     for(k=-1;k<=cptcovt; k++){ Fixed[k]=0; Dummy[k]=0;}
     for(k=1, ncovf=0, nsd=0, nsq=0, ncovv=0, ncova=0, ncoveff=0, nqfveff=0, ntveff=0, nqtveff=0;k<=cptcovt; k++){ /* or cptocvt */
       if (Tvar[k] <=ncovcol && Typevar[k]==0 ){ /* Simple fixed dummy (<=ncovcol) covariates */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ncoveff++;
         ncovf++;
         nsd++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         TvarsD[nsd]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsDind[nsd]=k;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFD[ncoveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         TvarFDind[ncoveff]=k; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol &&  Typevar[k]==2){ /* Product of fixed dummy (<=ncovcol) covariates */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ncoveff++;
         ncovf++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFD[ncoveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         TvarFDind[ncoveff]=k; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv && Typevar[k]==0){/* Remind that product Vn*Vm are added in k Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 1;
         nqfveff++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= FQ;
         nsq++;
         TvarsQ[nsq]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsQind[nsq]=k;
         ncovf++;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFQ[nqfveff]=Tvar[k]-ncovcol; /* TvarFQ[1]=V2-1=1st in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
         TvarFQind[nqfveff]=k; /* TvarFQind[1]=6 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv && Typevar[k]==0){/* Only simple time varying dummy variables */
         Fixed[k]= 1;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ntveff++; /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= VD;
         nsd++;
         TvarsD[nsd]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsDind[nsd]=k;
         ncovv++; /* Only simple time varying variables */
         TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
         TvarVind[ncovv]=k; /* TvarVind[2]=2  TvarVind[3]=3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Any time varying singele */
         TvarVD[ntveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarVD[1]=V4  TvarVD[2]=V3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         TvarVDind[ntveff]=k; /* TvarVDind[1]=2 TvarVDind[2]=3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         printf("Quasi Tmodelind[%d]=%d,Tvar[Tmodelind[%d]]=V%d, ncovcol=%d, nqv=%d,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv=%d\n",ntveff,k,ntveff,Tvar[k], ncovcol, nqv,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv);
         printf("Quasi TmodelInvind[%d]=%d\n",k,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv);
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv  && Typevar[k]==0){ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable V5*/
         Fixed[k]= 1;
         Dummy[k]= 1;
         nqtveff++;
         modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= VQ;
         ncovv++; /* Only simple time varying variables */
         nsq++;
         TvarsQ[nsq]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsQind[nsq]=k;
         TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
         TvarVind[ncovv]=k; /* TvarVind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Any time varying singele */
         TvarVQ[nqtveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarVQ[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         TvarVQind[nqtveff]=k; /* TvarVQind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         TmodelInvQind[nqtveff]=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv;/* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         /* Tmodeliqind[k]=nqtveff;/\* Only simple time varying quantitative variable *\/ */
         printf("Quasi TmodelQind[%d]=%d,Tvar[TmodelQind[%d]]=V%d, ncovcol=%d, nqv=%d, ntv=%d,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv=%d\n",nqtveff,k,nqtveff,Tvar[k], ncovcol, nqv, ntv, Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv);
         printf("Quasi TmodelInvQind[%d]=%d\n",k,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv);
       }else if (Typevar[k] == 1) {  /* product with age */
         ncova++;
         TvarA[ncova]=Tvar[k];
         TvarAind[ncova]=k;
         if (Tvar[k] <=ncovcol ){ /* Product age with fixed dummy covariatee */
           Fixed[k]= 2;
           Dummy[k]= 2;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APFD;
           /* ncoveff++; */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv) { /* Remind that product Vn*Vm are added in k*/
           Fixed[k]= 2;
           Dummy[k]= 3;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APFQ;                /*      Product age * fixed quantitative */
           /* nqfveff++;  /\* Only simple fixed quantitative variable *\/ */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv ){
           Fixed[k]= 3;
           Dummy[k]= 2;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APVD;                /*      Product age * varying dummy */
           /* ntveff++; /\* Only simple time varying dummy variable *\/ */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
           Fixed[k]= 3;
           Dummy[k]= 3;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APVQ;                /*      Product age * varying quantitative */
           /* nqtveff++;/\* Only simple time varying quantitative variable *\/ */
         }
       }else if (Typevar[k] == 2) {  /* product without age */
         k1=Tposprod[k];
         if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDD;              /*      Product fixed dummy * fixed dummy */
             ncovf++; /* Fixed variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 0;  /* or 2 ?*/
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDQ;              /*      Product fixed dummy * fixed quantitative */
             ncovf++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product fixed dummy * varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product fixed dummy * varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 0;  /* or 2 ?*/
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * fixed dummy */
             ncovf++; /* Fixed variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product time varying dummy * fixed dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying dummy * fixed quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product time varying dummy * time varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying dummy * time varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * fixed dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * fixed quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * time varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * time varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else{
           printf("Error unknown type of covariate: Tvard[%d][1]=%d,Tvard[%d][2]=%d\n",k1,Tvard[k1][1],k1,Tvard[k1][2]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error unknown type of covariate: Tvard[%d][1]=%d,Tvard[%d][2]=%d\n",k1,Tvard[k1][1],k1,Tvard[k1][2]);
         } /*end k1*/
       }else{
         printf("Error, current version can't treat for performance reasons, Tvar[%d]=%d, Typevar[%d]=%d\n", k, Tvar[k], k, Typevar[k]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error, current version can't treat for performance reasons, Tvar[%d]=%d, Typevar[%d]=%d\n", k, Tvar[k], k, Typevar[k]);
       }
       printf("Decodemodel, k=%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d,Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",k, k,Tvar[k],Typevar[k],Fixed[k],Dummy[k]);
       printf("           modell[%d].maintype=%d, modell[%d].subtype=%d\n",k,modell[k].maintype,k,modell[k].subtype);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Decodemodel, k=%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d,Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",k, k,Tvar[k],Typevar[k],Fixed[k],Dummy[k]);
     }
     /* Searching for doublons in the model */
     for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt;k1++){
       for(k2=1; k2 <k1;k2++){
         /* if((Typevar[k1]==Typevar[k2]) && (Fixed[Tvar[k1]]==Fixed[Tvar[k2]]) && (Dummy[Tvar[k1]]==Dummy[Tvar[k2]] )){ */
         if((Typevar[k1]==Typevar[k2]) && (Fixed[k1]==Fixed[k2]) && (Dummy[k1]==Dummy[k2] )){
           if((Typevar[k1] == 0 || Typevar[k1] == 1)){ /* Simple or age product */
             if(Tvar[k1]==Tvar[k2]){
               printf("Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n", model, k1,k2, k1, Tvar[k1], k2, Tvar[k2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[k1],Dummy[k1]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n", model, k1,k2, k1, Tvar[k1], k2, Tvar[k2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[k1],Dummy[k1]); fflush(ficlog);
               return(1);
             }
           }else if (Typevar[k1] ==2){
             k3=Tposprod[k1];
             k4=Tposprod[k2];
             if( ((Tvard[k3][1]== Tvard[k4][1])&&(Tvard[k3][2]== Tvard[k4][2])) || ((Tvard[k3][1]== Tvard[k4][2])&&(Tvard[k3][2]== Tvard[k4][1])) ){
               printf("Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, V%d*V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",model, k1,k2, Tvard[k3][1], Tvard[k3][2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, V%d*V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",model, k1,k2, Tvard[k3][1], Tvard[k3][2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]); fflush(ficlog);
               return(1);
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }
     printf("ncoveff=%d, nqfveff=%d, ntveff=%d, nqtveff=%d, cptcovn=%d\n",ncoveff,nqfveff,ntveff,nqtveff,cptcovn);
     fprintf(ficlog,"ncoveff=%d, nqfveff=%d, ntveff=%d, nqtveff=%d, cptcovn=%d\n",ncoveff,nqfveff,ntveff,nqtveff,cptcovn);
     printf("ncovf=%d, ncovv=%d, ncova=%d, nsd=%d, nsq=%d\n",ncovf,ncovv,ncova,nsd,nsq);
     fprintf(ficlog,"ncovf=%d, ncovv=%d, ncova=%d, nsd=%d, nsq=%d\n",ncovf,ncovv,ncova,nsd, nsq);
     return (0); /* with covar[new additional covariate if product] and Tage if age */ 
     /*endread:*/
     printf("Exiting decodemodel: ");
     return (1);
   }
   
   int calandcheckages(int imx, int maxwav, double *agemin, double *agemax, int *nberr, int *nbwarn )
   {/* Check ages at death */
     int i, m;
     int firstone=0;
     
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           if (s[m][i] != -2) /* Keeping initial status of unknown vital status */
             s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           *nberr = *nberr + 1;
           if(firstone == 0){
             firstone=1;
           printf("Warning (#%d)! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown but status is a death state %d at wave %d. If you don't know the vital status, please enter -2. If he/she is still alive but don't know the state, please code with '-1 or '.'. Here, we do not believe in a death, skipped.\nOther similar cases in log file\n", *nberr,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i,s[m][i],m);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning (#%d)! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown but status is a death state %d at wave %d. If you don't know the vital status, please enter -2. If he/she is still alive but don't know the state, please code with '-1 or '.'. Here, we do not believe in a death, skipped.\n", *nberr,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i,s[m][i],m);
           s[m][i]=-1;  /* Droping the death status */
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           (*nberr)++;
           printf("Error (#%d)! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown (%2d) (year of death is %4d) and status is a death state %d at wave %d. Please impute an arbitrary (or not) month and rerun. Currently this transition to death will be skipped (status is set to -2).\nOther similar cases in log file\n", *nberr, num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],s[m][i],m);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error (#%d)! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown (%2d) (year of death is %4d) and status is a death state %d at wave %d. Please impute an arbitrary (or not) month and rerun. Currently this transition to death will be skipped (status is set to -2).\n", *nberr, num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],s[m][i],m);
           s[m][i]=-2; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0  || s[m][i]==-1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){ /* What if s[m][i]=-1 */
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0){
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999){
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
                 /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               }else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
             } /* agedc > 0 */
           } /* end if */
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] < *agemin){ 
               *agemin=agev[m][i];
               printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], *agemin);
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >*agemax){
               *agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" Max anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], *agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           } /* en if 9*/
           else { /* =9 */
             /* printf("Debug num[%d]=%ld s[%d][%d]=%d\n",i,num[i], m,i, s[m][i]); */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else if(s[m][i]==0) /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
         else{
           printf("Warning, num[%d]=%ld, s[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, num[i], m, i,s[m][i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog, "Warning, num[%d]=%ld, s[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, num[i], m, i,s[m][i]); 
           agev[m][i]=0;
         }
       } /* End for lastpass */
     }
       
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           (*nberr)++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           return 1;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, *agemin, *agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, *agemin, *agemax); 
   
     return (0);
    /* endread:*/
       printf("Exiting calandcheckages: ");
       return (1);
   }
   
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
   /*printf("Visual C++ compiler: %s \n;", _MSC_FULL_VER);*/
   /*fprintf(ficlog, "Visual C++ compiler: %s \n;", _MSC_FULL_VER);*/
   //#include "stdafx.h"
   //#include <stdio.h>
   //#include <tchar.h>
   //#include <windows.h>
   //#include <iostream>
   typedef BOOL(WINAPI *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS) (HANDLE, PBOOL);
   
   LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;
   
   BOOL IsWow64()
   {
           BOOL bIsWow64 = FALSE;
   
           //typedef BOOL (APIENTRY *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS)
           //  (HANDLE, PBOOL);
   
           //LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;
   
           HMODULE module = GetModuleHandle(_T("kernel32"));
           const char funcName[] = "IsWow64Process";
           fnIsWow64Process = (LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS)
                   GetProcAddress(module, funcName);
   
           if (NULL != fnIsWow64Process)
           {
                   if (!fnIsWow64Process(GetCurrentProcess(),
                           &bIsWow64))
                           //throw std::exception("Unknown error");
                           printf("Unknown error\n");
           }
           return bIsWow64 != FALSE;
   }
   #endif
   
   void syscompilerinfo(int logged)
   {
   #include <stdint.h>
   
     /* #include "syscompilerinfo.h"*/
      /* command line Intel compiler 32bit windows, XP compatible:*/
      /* /GS /W3 /Gy
         /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O2 /Fd"Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D
         "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_USING_V110_SDK71_" /D "_UNICODE" /D
         "UNICODE" /Qipo /Zc:forScope /Gd /Oi /MT /Fa"Release\" /EHsc /nologo
         /Fo"Release\" /Qprof-dir "Release\" /Fp"Release\IMaCh.pch"
      */ 
      /* 64 bits */
      /*
        /GS /W3 /Gy
        /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O2 /Fd"x64\Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG"
        /D "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_UNICODE" /D "UNICODE" /Qipo /Zc:forScope
        /Oi /MD /Fa"x64\Release\" /EHsc /nologo /Fo"x64\Release\" /Qprof-dir
        "x64\Release\" /Fp"x64\Release\IMaCh.pch" */
      /* Optimization are useless and O3 is slower than O2 */
      /*
        /GS /W3 /Gy /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O3 /Fd"x64\Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" 
        /D "NDEBUG" /D "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_UNICODE" /D "UNICODE" /Qipo 
        /Zc:forScope /Oi /MD /Fa"x64\Release\" /EHsc /nologo /Qparallel 
        /Fo"x64\Release\" /Qprof-dir "x64\Release\" /Fp"x64\Release\IMaCh.pch" 
      */
      /* Link is */ /* /OUT:"visual studio
         2013\Projects\IMaCh\Release\IMaCh.exe" /MANIFEST /NXCOMPAT
         /PDB:"visual studio
         2013\Projects\IMaCh\Release\IMaCh.pdb" /DYNAMICBASE
         "kernel32.lib" "user32.lib" "gdi32.lib" "winspool.lib"
         "comdlg32.lib" "advapi32.lib" "shell32.lib" "ole32.lib"
         "oleaut32.lib" "uuid.lib" "odbc32.lib" "odbccp32.lib"
         /MACHINE:X86 /OPT:REF /SAFESEH /INCREMENTAL:NO
         /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE",5.01" /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker'
         uiAccess='false'"
         /ManifestFile:"Release\IMaCh.exe.intermediate.manifest" /OPT:ICF
         /NOLOGO /TLBID:1
      */
   
   
   #if defined __INTEL_COMPILER
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
           struct utsname sysInfo;  /* For Intel on Linux and OS/X */
   #endif
   #elif defined(__GNUC__) 
   #ifndef  __APPLE__
   #include <gnu/libc-version.h>  /* Only on gnu */
   #endif
      struct utsname sysInfo;
      int cross = CROSS;
      if (cross){
              printf("Cross-");
              if(logged) fprintf(ficlog, "Cross-");
      }
   #endif
   
      printf("Compiled with:");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog,"Compiled with:");
   #if defined(__clang__)
      printf(" Clang/LLVM");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Clang/LLVM");       /* Clang/LLVM. ---------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__ICC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
      printf(" Intel ICC/ICPC");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Intel ICC/ICPC");/* Intel ICC/ICPC. ------------------------------------------ */
   #endif
   #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
      printf(" GNU GCC/G++");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," GNU GCC/G++");/* GNU GCC/G++. --------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__HP_cc) || defined(__HP_aCC)
      printf(" Hewlett-Packard C/aC++");if(logged)fprintf(fcilog," Hewlett-Packard C/aC++"); /* Hewlett-Packard C/aC++. ---------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__IBMC__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
      printf(" IBM XL C/C++"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," IBM XL C/C++");/* IBM XL C/C++. -------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      printf(" Microsoft Visual Studio");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Microsoft Visual Studio");/* Microsoft Visual Studio. --------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__PGI)
      printf(" Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP");/* Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP. ------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__SUNPRO_C) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
      printf(" Oracle Solaris Studio");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Oracle Solaris Studio\n");/* Oracle Solaris Studio. ----------------------------------- */
   #endif
      printf(" for "); if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, " for ");
      
   // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4605842/how-to-identify-platform-compiler-from-preprocessor-macros
   #ifdef _WIN32 // note the underscore: without it, it's not msdn official!
       // Windows (x64 and x86)
      printf("Windows (x64 and x86) ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Windows (x64 and x86) ");
   #elif __unix__ // all unices, not all compilers
       // Unix
      printf("Unix ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Unix ");
   #elif __linux__
       // linux
      printf("linux ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"linux ");
   #elif __APPLE__
       // Mac OS, not sure if this is covered by __posix__ and/or __unix__ though..
      printf("Mac OS ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Mac OS ");
   #endif
   
   /*  __MINGW32__   */
   /*  __CYGWIN__   */
   /* __MINGW64__  */
   // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/b0084kay.aspx
   /* _MSC_VER  //the Visual C++ compiler is 17.00.51106.1, the _MSC_VER macro evaluates to 1700. Type cl /?  */
   /* _MSC_FULL_VER //the Visual C++ compiler is 15.00.20706.01, the _MSC_FULL_VER macro evaluates to 150020706 */
   /* _WIN64  // Defined for applications for Win64. */
   /* _M_X64 // Defined for compilations that target x64 processors. */
   /* _DEBUG // Defined when you compile with /LDd, /MDd, and /MTd. */
   
   #if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffff
      printf(" 32-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," 32-bit");/* 32-bit */
   #elif UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffffffffffff
      printf(" 64-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," 64-bit");/* 64-bit */
   #else
      printf(" wtf-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," wtf-bit");/* wtf */
   #endif
   
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
   # if defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
   #  define __GNUC_VERSION__ (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 \
                               + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
   # else
   #  define __GNUC_VERSION__ (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100)
   # endif
      printf(" using GNU C version %d.\n", __GNUC_VERSION__);
      if(logged) fprintf(ficlog, " using GNU C version %d.\n", __GNUC_VERSION__);
   
      if (uname(&sysInfo) != -1) {
        printf("Running on: %s %s %s %s %s\n",sysInfo.sysname, sysInfo.nodename, sysInfo.release, sysInfo.version, sysInfo.machine);
            if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Running on: %s %s %s %s %s\n ",sysInfo.sysname, sysInfo.nodename, sysInfo.release, sysInfo.version, sysInfo.machine);
      }
      else
         perror("uname() error");
      //#ifndef __INTEL_COMPILER 
   #if !defined (__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(__APPLE__)
      printf("GNU libc version: %s\n", gnu_get_libc_version()); 
      if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"GNU libc version: %s\n", gnu_get_libc_version());
   #endif
   #endif
   
      //   void main ()
      //   {
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      if (IsWow64()){
              printf("\nThe program (probably compiled for 32bit) is running under WOW64 (64bit) emulation.\n");
              if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, "\nThe program (probably compiled for 32bit) is running under WOW64 (64bit) emulation.\n");
      }
      else{
              printf("\nThe program is not running under WOW64 (i.e probably on a 64bit Windows).\n");
              if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, "\nThe programm is not running under WOW64 (i.e probably on a 64bit Windows).\n");
      }
      //      printf("\nPress Enter to continue...");
      //      getchar();
      //   }
   
   #endif
      
   
   }
   
   int prevalence_limit(double *p, double **prlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp){
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (forward period or forward stable prevalence) --------------*/
     int i, j, k, i1, k4=0, nres=0 ;
     /* double ftolpl = 1.e-10; */
     double age, agebase, agelim;
     double tot;
   
     strcpy(filerespl,"PL_");
     strcat(filerespl,fileresu);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forward period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forward period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
     }
     printf("\nComputing forward period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing forward period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     pstamp(ficrespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"# Forward period (stable) prevalence. Precision given by ftolpl=%g \n", ftolpl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
   
     /* i1=pow(2,ncoveff); */
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For each combination k of dummy covariates in the model */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
   
         /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
         /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=1;cptcov++){ */
         //for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         /* k=k+1; */
         /* to clean */
         //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
         fprintf(ficrespl,"#******");
         printf("#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff ;j++) {/* all covariates */
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); /* Here problem for varying dummy*/
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
           printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficrespl,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"\nCombination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
   
         fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
         fprintf(ficrespl,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
       
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k, nres);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           tot=0.;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             tot +=  prlim[i][i];
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
         } /* Age */
         /* was end of cptcod */
       } /* cptcov */
     } /* nres */
     return 0;
   }
   
   int back_prevalence_limit(double *p, double **bprlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass, int mobilavproj){
           /*--------------- Back Prevalence limit  (backward stable prevalence) --------------*/
           
           /* Computes the back prevalence limit  for any combination      of covariate values 
      * at any age between ageminpar and agemaxpar
            */
     int i, j, k, i1, nres=0 ;
     /* double ftolpl = 1.e-10; */
     double age, agebase, agelim;
     double tot;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     /* double      **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm;  /\* for use *\/ */
   
     strcpy(fileresplb,"PLB_");
     strcat(fileresplb,fileresu);
     if((ficresplb=fopen(fileresplb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with backward prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresplb);return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with backward prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresplb);return 1;
     }
     printf("Computing backward prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", fileresplb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing backward prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", fileresplb);
     pstamp(ficresplb);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"# Backward prevalence. Precision given by ftolpl=%g \n", ftolpl);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficresplb,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"\n");
     
     
     /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
     
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     
     
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
        if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
         fprintf(ficresplb,"#******");
         printf("#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff ;j++) {/* all covariates */
           fprintf(ficresplb," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficresplb," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresplb,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
           printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficresplb,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
       
         fprintf(ficresplb,"#Age ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresplb,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficresplb,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
         fprintf(ficresplb,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
       
       
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
           if(mobilavproj > 0){
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, ageminpar, agemaxpar, oldm, savm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k, nres);
           }else if (mobilavproj == 0){
             printf("There is no chance to get back prevalence limit if data aren't non zero and summing to 1, please try a non null mobil_average(=%d) parameter or mobil_average=-1 if you want to try at your own risk.\n",mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"There is no chance to get back prevalence limit if data aren't non zero and summing to 1, please try a non null mobil_average(=%d) parameter or mobil_average=-1 if you want to try at your own risk.\n",mobilavproj);
             exit(1);
           }else{
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, probs, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             bprevalim(bprlim, probs, nlstate, p, age, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k,nres);
             /* printf("TOTOT\n"); */
             /* exit(1); */
           }
           fprintf(ficresplb,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficresplb,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           tot=0.;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             tot +=  bprlim[i][i];
             fprintf(ficresplb," %.5f", bprlim[i][i]);
           }
           fprintf(ficresplb," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
         } /* Age */
         /* was end of cptcod */
         /*fprintf(ficresplb,"\n");*/ /* Seems to be necessary for gnuplot only if two result lines and no covariate. */
       } /* end of any combination */
     } /* end of nres */  
     /* hBijx(p, bage, fage); */
     /* fclose(ficrespijb); */
     
     return 0;
   }
    
   int hPijx(double *p, int bage, int fage){
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
   
     int stepsize;
     int agelim;
     int hstepm;
     int nhstepm;
     int h, i, i1, j, k, k4, nres=0;
   
     double agedeb;
     double ***p3mat;
   
       strcpy(filerespij,"PIJ_");  strcat(filerespij,fileresu);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij); return 1;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij); return 1;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
                   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
       pstamp(ficrespij);
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
                   /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
                   /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
                   /*      k=k+1;  */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficrespij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
         
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
           
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
           
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k, nres);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             /*agedebphstep = agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm;*/
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
         /*}*/
       }
       return 0;
   }
    
    int hBijx(double *p, int bage, int fage, double ***prevacurrent){
       /*------------- h Bij x at various ages ------------*/
   
     int stepsize;
     /* int agelim; */
           int ageminl;
     int hstepm;
     int nhstepm;
     int h, i, i1, j, k, nres;
           
     double agedeb;
     double ***p3mat;
           
     strcpy(filerespijb,"PIJB_");  strcat(filerespijb,fileresu);
     if((ficrespijb=fopen(filerespijb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij back resultfile: %s\n", filerespijb); return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij back resultfile: %s\n", filerespijb); return 1;
     }
     printf("Computing pij back: result on file '%s' \n", filerespijb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij back: result on file '%s' \n", filerespijb);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
     
     /* agelim=AGESUP; */
     ageminl=AGEINF; /* was 30 */
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */
     
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
     pstamp(ficrespijb);
     fprintf(ficrespijb,"#****** h Bij x Back probability to be in state i at age x-h being in j at x: B1j+B2j+...=1 ");
     i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
     /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
     /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
     /*    k=k+1;  */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficrespijb," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespijb,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){  /* Is it necessary here? */
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
         
         /* for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /\* If stepm=6 months *\/ */
         for (agedeb=bage; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){ /* If stepm=6 months and estepm=24 (2 years) */
           /* nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /\* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 *\/ */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agedeb-ageminl)*YEARM/stepm+0.1)-1; /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 or 55*12/24=27.5-1.1=>27 */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10, because estepm=24 stepm=6 => hstepm=24/6=4 or 28*/
           
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
           
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); /* We can't have it at an upper level because of nhstepm */
           /* and memory limitations if stepm is small */
   
           /* oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
           /* hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
           hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm, k, nres);
           /* hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, k); */
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"# Cov Agex agex-h hbijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespijb," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             /*agedebphstep = agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm;*/
             fprintf(ficrespijb,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb - h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             /* fprintf(ficrespijb,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ); */
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespijb," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
         } /* end age deb */
       } /* end combination */
     } /* end nres */
     return 0;
    } /*  hBijx */
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
   #ifdef GSL
     const gsl_multimin_fminimizer_type *T;
     size_t iteri = 0, it;
     int rval = GSL_CONTINUE;
     int status = GSL_SUCCESS;
     double ssval;
   #endif
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, iter=0,m,size=100, cptcod; /* Suppressing because nobs */
     /* int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter=0,m,size=100, cptcod; */
     int ncvyear=0; /* Number of years needed for the period prevalence to converge */
     int jj, ll, li, lj, lk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     int num_filled;
     int itimes;
     int NDIM=2;
     int vpopbased=0;
     int nres=0;
     int endishere=0;
     int noffset=0;
     int ncurrv=0; /* Temporary variable */
     
     char ca[32], cb[32];
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     struct stat info;
     double agedeb=0.;
   
     double ageminpar=AGEOVERFLOW,agemin=AGEOVERFLOW, agemaxpar=-AGEOVERFLOW, agemax=-AGEOVERFLOW;
     double ageminout=-AGEOVERFLOW,agemaxout=AGEOVERFLOW; /* Smaller Age range redefined after movingaverage */
   
     double fret;
     double dum=0.; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
   
     char line[MAXLINE];
     char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE];
   
     char  modeltemp[MAXLINE];
     char resultline[MAXLINE];
     
     char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE]; 
     char *tok, *val; /* pathtot */
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10; /* nobs = lastobs-firstobs declared globally ;*/
     int c,  h , cpt, c2;
     int jl=0;
     int i1, j1, jk, stepsize=0;
     int count=0;
   
     int *tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     /* double anprojd, mprojd, jprojd; /\* For eventual projections *\/ */
     /* double anprojf, mprojf, jprojf; */
     /* double jintmean,mintmean,aintmean;   */
     int prvforecast = 0; /* Might be 1 (date of beginning of projection is a choice or 2 is the dateintmean */
     int prvbackcast = 0; /* Might be 1 (date of beginning of projection is a choice or 2 is the dateintmean */
     double yrfproj= 10.0; /* Number of years of forward projections */
     double yrbproj= 10.0; /* Number of years of backward projections */
     int prevbcast=0; /* defined as global for mlikeli and mle, replacing backcast */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm=0, nhstepm=0;
     int agemortsup;
     float  sumlpop=0.;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage=0, fage=110., age, agelim=0., agebase=0.;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double **bprlim;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double ***paramstart; /* Matrix of starting parameter values */
     double  *p, *pstart; /* p=param[1][1] pstart is for starting values guessed by freqsummary */
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double **hess; /* Hessian matrix */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
   
     double *epj, vepp;
   
     double dateprev1, dateprev2;
     double jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000, dateproj1=0, dateproj2=0, dateprojd=0, dateprojf=0;
     double jback1=1,mback1=1,anback1=2000,jback2=1,mback2=1,anback2=2000, dateback1=0, dateback2=0, datebackd=0, datebackf=0;
   
   
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4]="1234";
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c";
   
     /*char  *strt;*/
     char strtend[80];
   
   
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     rstart_time = time(NULL);  
     /*  (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);*/
     start_time = *localtime(&rstart_time);
     curr_time=start_time;
     /*tml = *localtime(&start_time.tm_sec);*/
     /* strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tml)); */
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&start_time));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tm_sec = tp.tm_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tm_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tm_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
   #ifdef WIN32
     _getcwd(pathcd, size);
   #else
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   #endif
     syscompilerinfo(0);
     printf("\nIMaCh version %s, %s\n%s",version, copyright, fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       if(!fgets(pathr,FILENAMELENGTH,stdin)){
         printf("ERROR Empty parameter file name\n");
         goto end;
       }
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(pathr[i-1]=='\n')
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(i >= 1 && pathr[i-1]==' ') {/* This may happen when dragging on oS/X! */
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
       }
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if( i==0 ){
         printf("ERROR Empty parameter file name\n");
         goto end;
       }
       for (tok = pathr; tok != NULL; ){
         printf("Pathr |%s|\n",pathr);
         while ((val = strsep(&tok, "\"" )) != NULL && *val == '\0');
         printf("val= |%s| pathr=%s\n",val,pathr);
         strcpy (pathtot, val);
         if(pathr[0] == '\0') break; /* Dirty */
       }
     }
     else if (argc<=2){
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
       strcpy(z,argv[2]);
       printf("\nargv[2]=%s z=%c\n",argv[2],z[0]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     /* Split argv[0], imach program to get pathimach */
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s argv[1]=%s, \n",argv[0],argv[1]);
     split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s pathimach=%s, \noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
    /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
     /* Split argv[1]=pathtot, parameter file name to get path, optionfile, extension and name */
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\npathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   #ifdef WIN32
     _chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
   #else
     chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
   #endif
     printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Directory already exists (or can't create it) %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Main Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Version %s %s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname='%s'\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     syscompilerinfo(1);
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tm_sec-start_time.tm_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileresu, optionfilefiname); /* Without r in front */
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
     strcat(fileresu,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /* Main ---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",optionfile,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",optionfile,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       /* goto end; */
       exit(70); 
     }
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileresu);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
         /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name */
     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", rfileres);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", rfileres);goto end;
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"#IMaCh %s\n",version);
   
                                         
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     /* Is it a BOM UTF-8 Windows file? */
     /* First parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       noffset=0;
       if( line[0] == (char)0xEF && line[1] == (char)0xBB) /* EF BB BF */
       {
         noffset=noffset+3;
         printf("# File is an UTF8 Bom.\n"); // 0xBF
       }
   /*    else if( line[0] == (char)0xFE && line[1] == (char)0xFF)*/
       else if( line[0] == (char)0xFF && line[1] == (char)0xFE)
       {
         noffset=noffset+2;
         printf("# File is an UTF16BE BOM file\n");
       }
       else if( line[0] == 0 && line[1] == 0)
       {
         if( line[2] == (char)0xFE && line[3] == (char)0xFF){
           noffset=noffset+4;
           printf("# File is an UTF16BE BOM file\n");
         }
       } else{
         ;/*printf(" Not a BOM file\n");*/
       }
     
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
       if (line[noffset] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficres);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", \
                           title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 5) {
         printf("Should be 5 parameters\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"Should be 5 parameters\n");
       }
       numlinepar++;
       printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
       fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
       fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
     }
     /* Second parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       /* while(fscanf(ficpar,"%[^\n]", line)) { */
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment. Strangely fgets reads the EOL and fputs doesn't */
       if (line[0] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         printf("%s",line);
         fprintf(ficres,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",line);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"ftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n", \
                           &ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nqv, &ntv, &nqtv, &nlstate, &ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 11) {
         printf("Not 11 parameters, for example:ftol=1.e-8 stepm=12 ncovcol=2 nqv=1 ntv=2 nqtv=1  nlstate=2 ndeath=1 maxwav=3 mle=1 weight=1\n");
         printf("but line=%s\n",line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Not 11 parameters, for example:ftol=1.e-8 stepm=12 ncovcol=2 nqv=1 ntv=2 nqtv=1  nlstate=2 ndeath=1 maxwav=3 mle=1 weight=1\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"but line=%s\n",line);
       }
       if( lastpass > maxwav){
         printf("Error (lastpass = %d) > (maxwav = %d)\n",lastpass, maxwav);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error (lastpass = %d) > (maxwav = %d)\n",lastpass, maxwav);
         fflush(ficlog);
         goto end;
       }
         printf("ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
       fprintf(ficparo,"ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
       fprintf(ficres,"ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, 0, weightopt);
       fprintf(ficlog,"ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
     }
     /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
     /*ftolpl=6.e-4; *//* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
     /* Third parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
       if (line[0] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         printf("%s",line);
         fprintf(ficres,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",line);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"model=1+age%[^.\n]", model)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 1){
         printf("ERROR %d: Model should be at minimum 'model=1+age+' instead of '%s'\n",num_filled, line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR %d: Model should be at minimum 'model=1+age+' instead of '%s'\n",num_filled, line);
         model[0]='\0';
         goto end;
       }
       else{
         if (model[0]=='+'){
           for(i=1; i<=strlen(model);i++)
             modeltemp[i-1]=model[i];
           strcpy(model,modeltemp); 
         }
       }
       /* printf(" model=1+age%s modeltemp= %s, model=%s\n",model, modeltemp, model);fflush(stdout); */
       printf("model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficparo,"model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficres,"model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
     }
     /* fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=1+age+%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model); */
     /* numlinepar=numlinepar+3; /\* In general *\/ */
     /* printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
     /* fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
     /* fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
     fflush(ficlog);
     /* if(model[0]=='#'|| model[0]== '\0'){ */
     if(model[0]=='#'){
       printf("Error in 'model' line: model should start with 'model=1+age+' and end without space \n \
    'model=1+age+' or 'model=1+age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age' or \n \
    'model=1+age+V1+V2' or 'model=1+age+V1+V2+V1*V2' etc. \n");            \
       if(mle != -1){
         printf("Fix the model line and run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter vectors and subdiagonal covariance matrix.\n");
         exit(1);
       }
     }
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       if(line[1]=='q'){ /* This #q will quit imach (the answer is q) */
         z[0]=line[1];
       }
       /* printf("****line [1] = %c \n",line[1]); */
       fputs(line, stdout);
       //puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,firstobs,lastobs);  /**< used in readdata */
     if(nqv>=1)coqvar=matrix(1,nqv,firstobs,lastobs);  /**< Fixed quantitative covariate */
     if(nqtv>=1)cotqvar=ma3x(1,maxwav,1,nqtv,firstobs,lastobs);  /**< Time varying quantitative covariate */
     if(ntv+nqtv>=1)cotvar=ma3x(1,maxwav,1,ntv+nqtv,firstobs,lastobs);  /**< Time varying covariate (dummy and quantitative)*/
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement plus one, indepently of n in Vn*/
     /* v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes cptcovn = 5
        v1+v2*age+v2*v3 makes cptcovn = 3
     */
     if (strlen(model)>1) 
       ncovmodel=2+nbocc(model,'+')+1; /*Number of variables including intercept and age = cptcovn + intercept + age : v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes 5+2=7,age*age makes 3*/
     else
       ncovmodel=2; /* Constant and age */
     nforce= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate; /* Number of forces ij from state i to j */
     npar= nforce*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters like aij*/
     if(npar >MAXPARM || nlstate >NLSTATEMAX || ndeath >NDEATHMAX || ncovmodel>NCOVMAX){
       printf("Too complex model for current IMaCh: npar=(nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel=%d >= %d(MAXPARM) or nlstate=%d >= %d(NLSTATEMAX) or ndeath=%d >= %d(NDEATHMAX) or ncovmodel=(k+age+#of+signs)=%d(NCOVMAX) >= %d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Too complex model for current IMaCh: %d >=%d(MAXPARM) or %d >=%d(NLSTATEMAX) or %d >=%d(NDEATHMAX) or %d(NCOVMAX) >=%d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fflush(stdout);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
   /* We could also provide initial parameters values giving by simple logistic regression 
    * only one way, that is without matrix product. We will have nlstate maximizations */
         /* for(i=1;i<nlstate;i++){ */
         /*        /\*reducing xi for 1 to npar to 1 to ncovmodel; *\/ */
         /*    mlikeli(ficres,p, ncovmodel, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, funcnoprod); */
         /* } */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You chose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You chose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
       exit(0);
     }  else if(mle==-5) { /* Main Wizard */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You chose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You chose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }  else{ /* Begin of mle != -1 or -5 */
       /* Read guessed parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       paramstart= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
             ungetc(c,ficpar);
             fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
             numlinepar++;
             fputs(line,stdout);
             fputs(line,ficparo);
             fputs(line,ficlog);
           }
           ungetc(c,ficpar);
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) || (j1 != jj)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n \
   It might be a problem of design; if ncovcol and the model are correct\n \
   run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,jj);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,jj);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Reads parameters values */
       p=param[1][1];
       pstart=paramstart[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ( (i1-i) * (j1-j) != 0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Reads covariance matrix */
       delti=delti3[1][1];
                   
                   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
                   
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
                   
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=1; j <=npar; j++) matcov[i][j]=0.;
                   
       /* Scans npar lines */
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         count=fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d%d",&i1,&j1,&jk);
         if(count != 3){
           printf("Error! Error in parameter file %s at line %d after line starting with %1d%1d%1d\n\
   This is probably because your covariance matrix doesn't \n  contain exactly %d lines corresponding to your model line '1+age+%s'.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",optionfile,numlinepar, i1,j1,jk, npar, model);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Error in parameter file %s at line %d after line starting with %1d%1d%1d\n\
   This is probably because your covariance matrix doesn't \n  contain exactly %d lines corresponding to your model line '1+age+%s'.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",optionfile,numlinepar, i1,j1,jk, npar, model);
           exit(1);
         }else{
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         }
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
                                   printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       /* End of read covariance matrix npar lines */
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
     
     /*  Main data
      */
     nobs=lastobs-firstobs+1; /* was = lastobs;*/
     /* num=lvector(1,n); */
     /* moisnais=vector(1,n); */
     /* annais=vector(1,n); */
     /* moisdc=vector(1,n); */
     /* andc=vector(1,n); */
     /* weight=vector(1,n); */
     /* agedc=vector(1,n); */
     /* cod=ivector(1,n); */
     /* for(i=1;i<=n;i++){ */
     num=lvector(firstobs,lastobs);
     moisnais=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     annais=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     moisdc=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     andc=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     weight=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     agedc=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     cod=ivector(firstobs,lastobs);
     for(i=firstobs;i<=lastobs;i++){
       num[i]=0;
       moisnais[i]=0;
       annais[i]=0;
       moisdc[i]=0;
       andc[i]=0;
       agedc[i]=0;
       cod[i]=0;
       weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     }
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,firstobs,lastobs);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,firstobs,lastobs);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,firstobs,lastobs); /* s[i][j] health state for wave i and individual j */ 
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Number of code per covariate; if O and 1 only, 2**ncov; V1+V2+V3+V4=>16 */
     ncodemaxwundef=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Number of code per covariate; if - 1 O and 1 only, 2**ncov; V1+V2+V3+V4=>16 */
   
     /* Reads data from file datafile */
     if (readdata(datafile, firstobs, lastobs, &imx)==1)
       goto end;
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameters from char model */
     /*    modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4 
           k=4 (age*V3) Tvar[k=4]= 3 (from V3) Tag[cptcovage=1]=4
           k=3 V4 Tvar[k=3]= 4 (from V4)
           k=2 V1 Tvar[k=2]= 1 (from V1)
           k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2)
     */
     
     Tvar=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Was 15 changed to NCOVMAX. */
     TvarsDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarF=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarA=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarAind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
   
     Tvalsel=vector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     Tvarsel=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     Typevar=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 2 */
     Fixed=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 3 */
     Dummy=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 3 */
     /*  V2+V1+V4+age*V3 is a model with 4 covariates (3 plus signs). 
         For each model-covariate stores the data-covariate id. Tvar[1]=2, Tvar[2]=1, Tvar[3]=4, 
         Tvar[4=age*V3] is 3 and 'age' is recorded in Tage.
     */
     /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
       because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
       ncovcol + k1
       If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
       Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 etc */
     Tprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the k position of the k1 product */
     Tposprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the k1 product from the k position */
     /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
        if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2)
        Tposprod[k]=k1 , Tposprod[3]=1, Tposprod[5]=2 
     */
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Unclear */
     Tvard=imatrix(1,NCOVMAX,1,2); /* n=Tvard[k1][1]  and m=Tvard[k1][2] gives the couple n,m of the k1 th product Vn*Vm
                               * For V3*V2 (in V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2), V3*V2 position is 2nd. 
                               * Tvard[k1=2][1]=3 (V3) Tvard[k1=2][2]=2(V2) */
     Tage=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the covariate id of covariates associated with age: V2 + V1 + age*V4 + V3*age
                            4 covariates (3 plus signs)
                            Tage[1=V3*age]= 4; Tage[2=age*V4] = 3
                         */  
     Tmodelind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);/** gives the k model position of an
                                   * individual dummy, fixed or varying:
                                   * Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9,Tvaraff[1]@9={4,
                                   * 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                                   * model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 , 
                                   * V1 df, V2 qf, V3 & V4 dv, V5 qv
                                   * Tmodelind[1]@9={9,0,3,2,}*/
     TmodelInvind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* TmodelInvind=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv={5-2-1=2,*/
     TmodelInvQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);/** gives the k model position of an
                                   * individual quantitative, fixed or varying:
                                   * Tmodelqind[1]=1,Tvaraff[1]@9={4,
                                   * 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                                   * model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/
   /* Main decodemodel */
   
   
     if(decodemodel(model, lastobs) == 1) /* In order to get Tvar[k] V4+V3+V5 p Tvar[1]@3  = {4, 3, 5}*/
       goto end;
   
     if((double)(lastobs-imx)/(double)imx > 1.10){
       nbwarn++;
       printf("Warning: The value of parameter lastobs=%d is big compared to the \n  effective number of cases imx=%d, please adjust, \n  otherwise you are allocating more memory than necessary.\n",lastobs, imx); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: The value of parameter lastobs=%d is big compared to the \n  effective number of cases imx=%d, please adjust, \n  otherwise you are allocating more memory than necessary.\n",lastobs, imx); 
     }
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights. We can have weights different from 1 but want no weight*/
       for(i=1;i<=imx;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* changed to imx */
     }
   
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     if(calandcheckages(imx, maxwav, &agemin, &agemax, &nberr, &nbwarn) == 1)
       goto end;
   
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(moisnais,firstobs,lastobs);
     free_vector(annais,firstobs,lastobs);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     /* free_vector(moisdc,1,n); */
     /* free_vector(andc,1,n); */
     /* */
     
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     /* dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     /* bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     /* mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); /* We are adding a wave if status is unknown at last wave but death occurs after last wave.*/
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
        Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the number of (mi=1 to wav[i]) effective wave out of mi of individual i
        dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
        and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     */
   
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
     /* Concatenates waves */
    
     free_vector(moisdc,firstobs,lastobs);
     free_vector(andc,firstobs,lastobs);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     Ndum =ivector(-1,NCOVMAX);  
     cptcoveff=0;
     if (ncovmodel-nagesqr > 2 ){ /* That is if covariate other than cst, age and age*age */
       tricode(&cptcoveff,Tvar,nbcode,imx, Ndum); /**< Fills nbcode[Tvar[j]][l]; */
     }
     
     ncovcombmax=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     invalidvarcomb=ivector(1, ncovcombmax); 
     for(i=1;i<ncovcombmax;i++)
       invalidvarcomb[i]=0;
     
     /* Nbcode gives the value of the lth modality (currently 1 to 2) of jth covariate, in
        V2+V1*age, there are 3 covariates Tvar[2]=1 (V1).*/
     /* 1 to ncodemax[j] which is the maximum value of this jth covariate */
     
     /*  codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);*/ /* codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) */
     /*printf(" codtab[1,1],codtab[100,10]=%d,%d\n", codtab[1][1],codtabm(100,10));*/
     /* codtab gives the value 1 or 2 of the hth combination of k covariates (1 or 2).*/
     /* nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(h,j)]) : if there are only 2 modalities for a covariate j, 
      * codtabm(h,j) gives its value classified at position h and nbcode gives how it is coded 
      * (currently 0 or 1) in the data.
      * In a loop on h=1 to 2**k, and a loop on j (=1 to k), we get the value of 
      * corresponding modality (h,j).
      */
   
     h=0;
     /*if (cptcovn > 0) */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
             /**< codtab(h,k)  k   = codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) + 1
              * For k=4 covariates, h goes from 1 to m=2**k
              * codtabm(h,k)=  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1)) + 1;
              * #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
              *     h\k   1     2     3     4
              *______________________________  
              *     1 i=1 1 i=1 1 i=1 1 i=1 1
              *     2     2     1     1     1
              *     3 i=2 1     2     1     1
              *     4     2     2     1     1
              *     5 i=3 1 i=2 1     2     1
              *     6     2     1     2     1
              *     7 i=4 1     2     2     1
              *     8     2     2     2     1
              *     9 i=5 1 i=3 1 i=2 1     2
              *    10     2     1     1     2
              *    11 i=6 1     2     1     2
              *    12     2     2     1     2
              *    13 i=7 1 i=4 1     2     2    
              *    14     2     1     2     2
              *    15 i=8 1     2     2     2
              *    16     2     2     2     2
              */
     /* How to do the opposite? From combination h (=1 to 2**k) how to get the value on the covariates? */
        /* from h=5 and m, we get then number of covariates k=log(m)/log(2)=4
        * and the value of each covariate?
        * V1=1, V2=1, V3=2, V4=1 ?
        * h-1=4 and 4 is 0100 or reverse 0010, and +1 is 1121 ok.
        * h=6, 6-1=5, 5 is 0101, 1010, 2121, V1=2nd, V2=1st, V3=2nd, V4=1st.
        * In order to get the real value in the data, we use nbcode
        * nbcode[Tvar[3][2nd]]=1 and nbcode[Tvar[4][1]]=0
        * We are keeping this crazy system in order to be able (in the future?) 
        * to have more than 2 values (0 or 1) for a covariate.
        * #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
        * h=6, k=2? h-1=5=0101, reverse 1010, +1=2121, k=2nd position: value is 1: codtabm(6,2)=1
        *              bbbbbbbb
        *              76543210     
        *   h-1        00000101 (6-1=5)
        *(h-1)>>(k-1)= 00000010 >> (2-1) = 1 right shift
        *           &
        *     1        00000001 (1)
        *              00000000        = 1 & ((h-1) >> (k-1))
        *          +1= 00000001 =1 
        *
        * h=14, k=3 => h'=h-1=13, k'=k-1=2
        *          h'      1101 =2^3+2^2+0x2^1+2^0
        *    >>k'            11
        *          &   00000001
        *            = 00000001
        *      +1    = 00000010=2    =  codtabm(14,3)   
        * Reverse h=6 and m=16?
        * cptcoveff=log(16)/log(2)=4 covariate: 6-1=5=0101 reversed=1010 +1=2121 =>V1=2, V2=1, V3=2, V4=1.
        * for (j=1 to cptcoveff) Vj=decodtabm(j,h,cptcoveff)
        * decodtabm(h,j,cptcoveff)= (((h-1) >> (j-1)) & 1) +1 
        * decodtabm(h,j,cptcoveff)= (h <= (1<<cptcoveff)?(((h-1) >> (j-1)) & 1) +1 : -1)
        * V3=decodtabm(14,3,2**4)=2
        *          h'=13   1101 =2^3+2^2+0x2^1+2^0
        *(h-1) >> (j-1)    0011 =13 >> 2
        *          &1 000000001
        *           = 000000001
        *         +1= 000000010 =2
        *                  2211
        *                  V1=1+1, V2=0+1, V3=1+1, V4=1+1
        *                  V3=2
                    * codtabm and decodtabm are identical
        */
   
   
    free_ivector(Ndum,-1,NCOVMAX);
   
   
       
     /* Initialisation of ----------- gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-MORT_");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# IMaCh-%s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       //fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"set datafile missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
   
   
     /* Initialisation of --------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-MORT_");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);
       exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
             optionfilehtmcov,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<html><head>\n<head>\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\"/><meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<title>IMaCh %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"7\"><a href=http:/euroreves.ined.fr/imach>IMaCh for Interpolated Markov Chain</a> </font><br>\n<font size=\"3\">Sponsored by Copyright (C)  2002-2015 <a href=http://www.ined.fr>INED</a>-EUROREVES-Institut de longévité-2013-2016-Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences 日本学術振興会 (<a href=https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-grants/>Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121</a>) - <a href=https://software.intel.com/en-us>Intel Software 2015-2018</a></font><br>  \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   <font size=\"2\">IMaCh-%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Parameter file: <a href=\"%s.%s\">%s.%s</a><br>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             optionfilehtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             optionfilefiname,optionfilext,optionfilefiname,optionfilext,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
   #ifdef WIN32
     _chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
   #else
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
   #endif
             
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age 
                    and for any valid combination of covariates
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, p, pstart, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvaraff, invalidvarcomb, nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart, \
                 firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<h4>Parameter line 2</h4><ul><li>Tolerance for the convergence of the likelihood: ftol=%g \n<li>Interval for the elementary matrix (in month): stepm=%d",\
             ftol, stepm);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li>Number of fixed dummy covariates: ncovcol=%d ", ncovcol);
     ncurrv=1;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncovcol; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li> Number of fixed quantitative variables: nqv=%d ", nqv); 
     ncurrv=i;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncurrv-1+nqv; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li> Number of time varying (wave varying) dummy covariates: ntv=%d ", ntv);
     ncurrv=i;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncurrv-1+ntv; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li>Number of time varying  quantitative covariates: nqtv=%d ", nqtv);
     ncurrv=i;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncurrv-1+nqtv; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li>Weights column \n<br>Number of alive states: nlstate=%d <br>Number of death states (not really implemented): ndeath=%d \n<li>Number of waves: maxwav=%d \n<li>Parameter for maximization (1), using parameter values (0), for design of parameters and variance-covariance matrix: mle=%d \n<li>Does the weight column be taken into account (1), or not (0): weight=%d</ul>\n", \
              nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<h4> Diagram of states <a href=\"%s_.svg\">%s_.svg</a></h4> \n\
   <img src=\"%s_.svg\">", subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"));
   
     
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h4>Some descriptive statistics </h4>\n<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
     imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
   
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     /* For mortality only */
     if (mle==-3){
       ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); 
       for(i=1;i<=NDIM;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=0.;
       /*     ximort=gsl_matrix_alloc(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); */
       cens=ivector(firstobs,lastobs);
       ageexmed=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
       agecens=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
       dcwave=ivector(firstobs,lastobs);
                   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         dcwave[i]=-1;
         for (m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++)
           if (s[m][i]>nlstate) {
             dcwave[i]=m;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
       
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];
           agecens[i]=1.; 
           
           if (ageexmed[i]> 1 && wav[i] > 0){
             agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
             cens[i]= 1;
           }else if (ageexmed[i]< 1) 
             cens[i]= -1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP && agedc[i]>1 && dcwave[i]>firstpass && dcwave[i]<=lastpass)
             cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
       
       p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083;
       /* printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]); */
       
       
   #ifdef GSL
       printf("GSL optimization\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   #else
       printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   #endif
       strcpy(filerespow,"POW-MORT_"); 
       strcat(filerespow,fileresu);
       if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       }
   #ifdef GSL
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# GSL optimization\n# iter -2*LL");
   #else
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
   #endif
       /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
           if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       */
       fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   #ifdef GSL
       /* gsl starts here */ 
       T = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_nmsimplex;
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer *sfm = NULL;
       gsl_vector *ss, *x;
       gsl_multimin_function minex_func;
   
       /* Initial vertex size vector */
       ss = gsl_vector_alloc (NDIM);
       
       if (ss == NULL){
         GSL_ERROR_VAL ("failed to allocate space for ss", GSL_ENOMEM, 0);
       }
       /* Set all step sizes to 1 */
       gsl_vector_set_all (ss, 0.001);
   
       /* Starting point */
       
       x = gsl_vector_alloc (NDIM);
       
       if (x == NULL){
         gsl_vector_free(ss);
         GSL_ERROR_VAL ("failed to allocate space for x", GSL_ENOMEM, 0);
       }
     
       /* Initialize method and iterate */
       /*     p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083; */
       /*     gsl_vector_set(x, 0, 0.0268); */
       /*     gsl_vector_set(x, 1, 0.083); */
       gsl_vector_set(x, 0, p[1]);
       gsl_vector_set(x, 1, p[2]);
   
       minex_func.f = &gompertz_f;
       minex_func.n = NDIM;
       minex_func.params = (void *)&p; /* ??? */
       
       sfm = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_alloc (T, NDIM);
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer_set (sfm, &minex_func, x, ss);
       
       printf("Iterations beginning .....\n\n");
       printf("Iter. #    Intercept       Slope     -Log Likelihood     Simplex size\n");
   
       iteri=0;
       while (rval == GSL_CONTINUE){
         iteri++;
         status = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_iterate(sfm);
         
         if (status) printf("error: %s\n", gsl_strerror (status));
         fflush(0);
         
         if (status) 
           break;
         
         rval = gsl_multimin_test_size (gsl_multimin_fminimizer_size (sfm), 1e-6);
         ssval = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_size (sfm);
         
         if (rval == GSL_SUCCESS)
           printf ("converged to a local maximum at\n");
         
         printf("%5d ", iteri);
         for (it = 0; it < NDIM; it++){
           printf ("%10.5f ", gsl_vector_get (sfm->x, it));
         }
         printf("f() = %-10.5f ssize = %.7f\n", sfm->fval, ssval);
       }
       
       printf("\n\n Please note: Program should be run many times with varying starting points to detemine global maximum\n\n");
       
       gsl_vector_free(x); /* initial values */
       gsl_vector_free(ss); /* inital step size */
       for (it=0; it<NDIM; it++){
         p[it+1]=gsl_vector_get(sfm->x,it);
         fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[it]);
       }
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer_free (sfm); /* p *(sfm.x.data) et p *(sfm.x.data+1)  */
   #endif
   #ifdef POWELL
        powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
   #endif  
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, hess, p, NDIM, delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
                                   matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
                                   printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
                                   fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");  fprintf(ficlog,"\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
         fprintf(ficlog,"%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
       }
       lsurv=vector(agegomp,AGESUP);
       lpop=vector(agegomp,AGESUP);
       tpop=vector(agegomp,AGESUP);
       lsurv[agegomp]=100000;
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<=AGESUP;k++) {
         agemortsup=k;
         if (p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp))>1) break;
       }
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++)
         lsurv[k+1]=lsurv[k]-lsurv[k]*(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)));
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++){
         lpop[k]=(lsurv[k]+lsurv[k+1])/2.;
         sumlpop=sumlpop+lpop[k];
       }
       
       tpop[agegomp]=sumlpop;
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-3);k++){
         /*  tpop[k+1]=2;*/
         tpop[k+1]=tpop[k]-lpop[k];
       }
       
       
       printf("\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)\n");
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
         printf("%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
       
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
                   ageminpar=50;
                   agemaxpar=100;
       if(ageminpar == AGEOVERFLOW ||agemaxpar == AGEOVERFLOW){
           printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
       }else{
                           printf("Warning! ageminpar %f and agemaxpar %f have been fixed because for simplification until it is fixed...\n\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
                           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! ageminpar %f and agemaxpar %f have been fixed because for simplification until it is fixed...\n\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         printinggnuplotmort(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
                   }
       printinghtmlmort(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
       
       free_vector(lsurv,agegomp,AGESUP);
       free_vector(lpop,agegomp,AGESUP);
       free_vector(tpop,agegomp,AGESUP);
       free_matrix(ximort,1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
       free_ivector(dcwave,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_vector(agecens,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_vector(ageexmed,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_ivector(cens,firstobs,lastobs);
   #ifdef GSL
   #endif
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 mortality only */
     /* Standard  */
     else{ /* For mle !=- 3, could be 0 or 1 or 4 etc. */
       globpr=0;/* Computes sum of likelihood for globpr=1 and funcone */
       /* Computes likelihood for initial parameters, uses funcone to compute gpimx and gsw */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2, Real Maximization */
         /* mlikeli uses func not funcone */
         /* for(i=1;i<nlstate;i++){ */
         /*        /\*reducing xi for 1 to npar to 1 to ncovmodel; *\/ */
         /*    mlikeli(ficres,p, ncovmodel, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, funcnoprod); */
         /* } */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       if(mle==0) {/* No optimization, will print the likelihoods for the datafile */
         globpr=0;/* Computes sum of likelihood for globpr=1 and funcone */
         /* Computes likelihood for initial parameters, uses funcone to compute gpimx and gsw */
         likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       }
       globpr=1; /* again, to print the individual contributions using computed gpimx and gsw */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       /* fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model); */
       
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           if (k != i) {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       if(mle != 0){
         /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix only at a peak of the Likelihood, that is after optimization */
         ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
         hesscov(matcov, hess, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
         printf("Parameters and 95%% confidence intervals\n W is simply the result of the division of the parameter by the square root of covariance of the parameter.\n And Wald-based confidence intervals plus and minus 1.96 * W .\n But be careful that parameters are highly correlated because incidence of disability is highly correlated to incidence of recovery.\n It might be better to visualize the covariance matrix. See the page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' and its graphs.\n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "Parameters, Wald tests and Wald-based confidence intervals\n W is simply the result of the division of the parameter by the square root of covariance of the parameter.\n And Wald-based confidence intervals plus and minus 1.96 * W \n  It might be better to visualize the covariance matrix. See the page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' and its graphs.\n");
         for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
             if (k != i) {
               printf("%d%d ",i,k);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
               for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                 printf("%12.7f W=%8.3f CI=[%12.7f ; %12.7f] ",p[jk], p[jk]/sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]), p[jk]-1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]),p[jk]+1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]));
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f W=%8.3f CI=[%12.7f ; %12.7f] ",p[jk], p[jk]/sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]), p[jk]-1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]),p[jk]+1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]));
                 jk++; 
               }
               printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             }
           }
         }
       } /* end of hesscov and Wald tests */
       
       /*  */
       fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if (j!=i) {
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       if(mle >= 1) /* To big for the screen */
         printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
       /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
       /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
       */
       for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
         jj=0;
         for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             if(j==i) continue;
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               jj++;
               ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
               if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           fputs(line,ficres);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
       
       /* while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){ */
       /*   ungetc(c,ficpar); */
       /*   fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar); */
       /*   fputs(line,stdout); */
       /*   fputs(line,ficparo); */
       /* } */
       /* ungetc(c,ficpar); */
       
       estepm=0;
       if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm, &ftolpl)) !=EOF){
         
         if (num_filled != 6) {
           printf("Error: Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",line);
           goto end;
         }
         printf("agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar, bage, fage, estepm, ftolpl);
       }
       /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
       /*ftolpl=6.e-4;*/ /* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
       
       /* fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm); */
       if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
       if (fage <= 2) {
         bage = ageminpar;
         fage = agemaxpar;
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
       fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d ftolpl=%e\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm, ftolpl);
       fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d, ftolpl=%e\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm, ftolpl);
                   
       /* Other stuffs, more or less useful */    
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           fputs(line,ficres);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
   
       if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav)) !=EOF){
         
         if (num_filled != 7) {
           printf("Error: Not 7 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:begin-prev-date=1/1/1990 end-prev-date=1/6/2004  mov_average=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 7 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:begin-prev-date=1/1/1990 end-prev-date=1/6/2004  mov_average=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           goto end;
         }
         printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       }
   
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           fputs(line,ficres);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
       
       
       dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
       dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
       
       if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased)) !=EOF){
         if (num_filled != 1) {
           printf("Error: Not 1 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:pop_based=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 1 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example: pop_based=1\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           goto end;
         }
         printf("pop_based=%d\n",popbased);
         fprintf(ficlog,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);
         fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
         fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       }
        
       /* Results */
       nresult=0;
       do{
         if(!fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)){
           endishere=1;
           parameterline=14;
         }else if (line[0] == '#') {
           /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           fputs(line,ficres);
           continue;
         }else if(sscanf(line,"prevforecast=%[^\n]\n",modeltemp))
           parameterline=11;
         else if(sscanf(line,"prevbackcast=%[^\n]\n",modeltemp))
           parameterline=12;
         else if(sscanf(line,"result:%[^\n]\n",modeltemp))
           parameterline=13;
         else{
           parameterline=14;
         }
         switch (parameterline){ 
         case 11:
           if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj)) !=EOF && (num_filled == 8)){
                     fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
             dateproj1=anproj1+(mproj1-1)/12.+(jproj1-1)/365.;
             dateproj2=anproj2+(mproj2-1)/12.+(jproj2-1)/365.;
             prvforecast = 1;
           } 
           else if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"prevforecast=%d yearsfproj=%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&yrfproj,&mobilavproj)) !=EOF){/* && (num_filled == 3))*/
             printf("prevforecast=%d yearsfproj=%lf.2 mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,yrfproj,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d yearsfproj=%lf.2 mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,yrfproj,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d yearsfproj=%lf.2 mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,yrfproj,mobilavproj);
             prvforecast = 2;
           }
           else {
             printf("Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:prevforecast=1 starting-proj-date=1/1/1990 final-proj-date=1/1/2000 mobil_average=0\nnor 3 (data)parameters, for example:prevforecast=1 yearsfproj=10 mobil_average=0. Your line=%s . You are running probably an older format.\n, ",num_filled,line);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:prevforecast=1 starting-proj-date=1/1/1990 final-proj-date=1/1/2000 mobil_average=0\nnor 3 (data)parameters, for example:prevforecast=1 yearproj=10 mobil_average=0. Your line=%s . You are running probably an older format.\n, ",num_filled,line);
             goto end;
           }
           break;
         case 12:
           if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"prevbackcast=%d starting-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevbcast,&jback1,&mback1,&anback1,&jback2,&mback2,&anback2,&mobilavproj)) !=EOF && (num_filled == 8)){
             fprintf(ficparo,"prevbackcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevbcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             printf("prevbackcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevbcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"prevbackcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevbcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficres,"prevbackcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevbcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             /* day and month of back2 are not used but only year anback2.*/
             dateback1=anback1+(mback1-1)/12.+(jback1-1)/365.;
             dateback2=anback2+(mback2-1)/12.+(jback2-1)/365.;
             prvbackcast = 1;
           } 
           else if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"prevbackcast=%d yearsbproj=%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevbcast,&yrbproj,&mobilavproj)) ==3){/* && (num_filled == 3))*/
             printf("prevbackcast=%d yearsbproj=%lf.2 mobil_average=%d\n",prevbcast,yrbproj,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"prevbackcast=%d yearsbproj=%lf.2 mobil_average=%d\n",prevbcast,yrbproj,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficres,"prevbackcast=%d yearsbproj=%lf.2 mobil_average=%d\n",prevbcast,yrbproj,mobilavproj);
             prvbackcast = 2;
           }
           else {
             printf("Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:prevbackcast=1 starting-back-date=1/1/1990 final-back-date=1/1/2000 mobil_average=0\nnor 3 (data)parameters, for example:prevbackcast=1 yearsbproj=10 mobil_average=0. Your line=%s . You are running probably an older format.\n, ",num_filled,line);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:prevbackcast=1 starting-back-date=1/1/1990 final-back-date=1/1/2000 mobil_average=0\nnor 3 (data)parameters, for example:prevbackcast=1 yearbproj=10 mobil_average=0. Your line=%s . You are running probably an older format.\n, ",num_filled,line);
             goto end;
           }
           break;
         case 13:
           if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"result:%[^\n]\n",resultline)) !=EOF){
             if (num_filled == 0){
               resultline[0]='\0';
               printf("Warning %d: no result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.\n%s\n", num_filled, line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d: no result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.\n%s\n", num_filled, line);
               break;
             } else if (num_filled != 1){
               printf("ERROR %d: result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.' %s\n",num_filled, line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR %d: result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.' %s\n",num_filled, line);
             }
             nresult++; /* Sum of resultlines */
             printf("Result %d: result=%s\n",nresult, resultline);
             if(nresult > MAXRESULTLINES){
               printf("ERROR: Current version of IMaCh limits the number of resultlines to %d, you used %d\n",MAXRESULTLINES,nresult);
               fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR: Current version of IMaCh limits the number of resultlines to %d, you used %d\n",MAXRESULTLINES,nresult);
               goto end;
             }
             decoderesult(resultline, nresult); /* Fills TKresult[nresult] combination and Tresult[nresult][k4+1] combination values */
             fprintf(ficparo,"result: %s\n",resultline);
             fprintf(ficres,"result: %s\n",resultline);
             fprintf(ficlog,"result: %s\n",resultline);
             break;
           case 14:
             printf("Error: Unknown command '%s'\n",line);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Unknown command '%s'\n",line);
             if(ncovmodel >=2 && nresult==0 ){
               printf("ERROR: no result lines! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.' %s\n",line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR: no result lines! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.' %s\n",line);
             }
             goto end;
             break;
           default:
             nresult=1;
             decoderesult(".",nresult ); /* No covariate */
           }
         } /* End switch parameterline */
       }while(endishere==0); /* End do */
       
       /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint); */
       /* ,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2); */
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       if(ageminpar == AGEOVERFLOW ||agemaxpar == -AGEOVERFLOW){
         printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
       }else{
         /* printinggnuplot(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, prevfcast, backcast, pathc,p, (int)anproj1-(int)agemin, (int)anback1-(int)agemax+1); */
         /* It seems that anprojd which is computed from the mean year at interview which is known yet because of freqsummary */
         /* date2dmy(dateintmean,&jintmean,&mintmean,&aintmean); */ /* Done in freqsummary */
         if(prvforecast==1){
           dateprojd=(jproj1+12*mproj1+365*anproj1)/365;
           jprojd=jproj1;
           mprojd=mproj1;
           anprojd=anproj1;
           dateprojf=(jproj2+12*mproj2+365*anproj2)/365;
           jprojf=jproj2;
           mprojf=mproj2;
           anprojf=anproj2;
         } else if(prvforecast == 2){
           dateprojd=dateintmean;
           date2dmy(dateprojd,&jprojd, &mprojd, &anprojd);
           dateprojf=dateintmean+yrfproj;
           date2dmy(dateprojf,&jprojf, &mprojf, &anprojf);
         }
         if(prvbackcast==1){
           datebackd=(jback1+12*mback1+365*anback1)/365;
           jbackd=jback1;
           mbackd=mback1;
           anbackd=anback1;
           datebackf=(jback2+12*mback2+365*anback2)/365;
           jbackf=jback2;
           mbackf=mback2;
           anbackf=anback2;
         } else if(prvbackcast == 2){
           datebackd=dateintmean;
           date2dmy(datebackd,&jbackd, &mbackd, &anbackd);
           datebackf=dateintmean-yrbproj;
           date2dmy(datebackf,&jbackf, &mbackf, &anbackf);
         }
         
         printinggnuplot(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage, fage, prevfcast, prevbcast, pathc,p, (int)anprojd-bage, (int)anbackd-fage);
       }
       printinghtml(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt, \
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,mobilav,prevfcast,mobilavproj,prevbcast, estepm, \
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,dateprev1, dateprojd, datebackd,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2,dateprev2,dateprojf, datebackf);
                   
       /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
       /*  chdir(path); */
                   
       /* free_ivector(wav,1,imx); */  /* Moved after last prevalence call */
       /* free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); */
       /* free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); */
       /* free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);    */
       free_lvector(num,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_vector(agedc,firstobs,lastobs);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
                   
                   
       /* Other results (useful)*/
                   
                   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
       /*#include "prevlim.h"*/  /* Use ficrespl, ficlog */
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       prevalence_limit(p, prlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar, ftolpl, &ncvyear);
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
       /*#include "hpijx.h"*/
       hPijx(p, bage, fage);
       fclose(ficrespij);
       
       /* ncovcombmax=  pow(2,cptcoveff); */
       /*-------------- Variance of one-step probabilities---*/
       k=1;
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
       
       /* Prevalence for each covariate combination in probs[age][status][cov] */
       probs= ma3x(AGEINF,AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
       for(i=AGEINF;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* ndeath is useless but a necessity to be compared with mobaverages */
           for(k=1;k<=ncovcombmax;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
       prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, 
                  ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       if (mobilav!=0 ||mobilavproj !=0 ) {
         mobaverages= ma3x(AGEINF, AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
         for(i=AGEINF;i<=AGESUP;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
             for(k=1;k<=ncovcombmax;k++)
               mobaverages[i][j][k]=0.;
         mobaverage=mobaverages;
         if (mobilav!=0) {
           printf("Movingaveraging observed prevalence\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"Movingaveraging observed prevalence\n");
           if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, mobaverage, mobilav)!=0){
             fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
             printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           }
         } else if (mobilavproj !=0) {
           printf("Movingaveraging projected observed prevalence\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"Movingaveraging projected observed prevalence\n");
           if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, mobaverage, mobilavproj)!=0){
             fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilavproj=%d\n",mobilavproj);
             printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilavproj=%d\n",mobilavproj);
           }
         }else{
           printf("Internal error moving average\n");
           fflush(stdout);
           exit(1);
         }
       }/* end if moving average */
       
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       if(prevfcast==1){ 
         /*   /\*    if(stepm ==1){*\/ */
         /*   /\*  anproj1, mproj1, jproj1 either read explicitly or yrfproj *\/ */
         /*This done previously after freqsummary.*/
         /*   dateprojd=(jproj1+12*mproj1+365*anproj1)/365; */
         /*   dateprojf=(jproj2+12*mproj2+365*anproj2)/365; */
         
         /* } else if (prvforecast==2){ */
         /*   /\*    if(stepm ==1){*\/ */
         /*   /\*  anproj1, mproj1, jproj1 either read explicitly or yrfproj *\/ */
         /* } */
         /*prevforecast(fileresu, dateintmean, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, mobaverage, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);*/
         prevforecast(fileresu,dateintmean, dateprojd, dateprojf, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, mobaverage, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, p, cptcoveff);
       }
   
       /* Prevbcasting */
       if(prevbcast==1){
         ddnewms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        
         ddoldms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        
         ddsavms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
         /*--------------- Back Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
   
         bprlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
         back_prevalence_limit(p, bprlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar, ftolpl, &ncvyear, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass, mobilavproj);
         fclose(ficresplb);
   
         hBijx(p, bage, fage, mobaverage);
         fclose(ficrespijb);
   
         /* /\* prevbackforecast(fileresu, mobaverage, anback1, mback1, jback1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, *\/ */
         /* /\*                   mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anback2, p, cptcoveff); *\/ */
         /* prevbackforecast(fileresu, mobaverage, anback1, mback1, jback1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, */
         /*                       mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anback2, p, cptcoveff); */
         prevbackforecast(fileresu, mobaverage, dateintmean, dateprojd, dateprojf, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,
                          mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, p, cptcoveff);
   
         
         varbprlim(fileresu, nresult, mobaverage, mobilavproj, bage, fage, bprlim, &ncvyear, ftolpl, p, matcov, delti, stepm, cptcoveff);
   
         
         free_matrix(bprlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
         free_matrix(ddnewms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
         free_matrix(ddsavms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
         free_matrix(ddoldms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
       }    /* end  Prevbcasting */
    
    
       /* ------ Other prevalence ratios------------ */
   
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);   
                   
                   
       /*---------- Health expectancies, no variances ------------*/
                   
       strcpy(filerese,"E_");
       strcat(filerese,fileresu);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' ...", filerese);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' ...", filerese);fflush(ficlog);
   
       pstamp(ficreseij);
                   
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
       
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         printf("\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficreseij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, strstart, nres);  
         
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
       fclose(ficreseij);
       printf("done evsij\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done evsij\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
                   
       /*---------- State-specific expectancies and variances ------------*/
                   
       strcpy(filerest,"T_");
       strcat(filerest,fileresu);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' ...\n", filerest); fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' ...\n", filerest); fflush(ficlog);
       strcpy(fileresstde,"STDE_");
       strcat(fileresstde,fileresu);
       if((ficresstdeij=fopen(fileresstde,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with State specific Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with State specific Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
       }
       printf("  Computing State-specific Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
       fprintf(ficlog,"  Computing State-specific Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
   
       strcpy(filerescve,"CVE_");
       strcat(filerescve,fileresu);
       if((ficrescveij=fopen(filerescve,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Covar. State-specific Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Covar. State-specific Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
       }
       printf("    Computing Covar. of State-specific Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
       fprintf(ficlog,"    Computing Covar. of State-specific Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
   
       strcpy(fileresv,"V_");
       strcat(fileresv,fileresu);
       if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       }
       printf("      Computing Variance-covariance of State-specific Expectancies: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"      Computing Variance-covariance of State-specific Expectancies: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(ficlog);
   
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
       
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         printf("\n#****** Result for:");
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** Result for:");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** Result for:");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++){ 
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficrest," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         
         fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n#****** ");
         fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficresstdeij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficrescveij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresstdeij,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrescveij,"******\n");
         
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         /* pstamp(ficresvij); */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficresvij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
         
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         printf(" cvevsij ");
         fprintf(ficlog, " cvevsij ");
         cvevsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart, nres);
         printf(" end cvevsij \n ");
         fprintf(ficlog, " end cvevsij \n ");
         
         /*
          */
         /* goto endfree; */
         
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         pstamp(ficrest);
         
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms; /* ZZ Segmentation fault */
           cptcod= 0; /* To be deleted */
           printf("varevsij vpopbased=%d \n",vpopbased);
           fprintf(ficlog, "varevsij vpopbased=%d \n",vpopbased);
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,vpopbased,mobilav, strstart, nres); /* cptcod not initialized Intel */
           fprintf(ficrest,"# Total life expectancy with std error and decomposition into time to be expected in each health state\n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
           if(vpopbased==1)
             fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d)\n",mobilav);
           else
             fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific forward period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           fprintf(ficrest,"# Age popbased mobilav e.. (std) ");
           for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           /* printf("Which p?\n"); for(i=1;i<=npar;i++)printf("p[i=%d]=%lf,",i,p[i]);printf("\n"); */
           printf("Computing age specific forward period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"Computing age specific forward period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, nres); /*ZZ Is it the correct prevalim */
             if (vpopbased==1) {
               if(mobilav ==0){
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
               }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
               }
             }
             
             fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f %d %d",age, vpopbased, mobilav);
             /* fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f %d %d %d %d",age, vpopbased, mobilav,Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */ /* to be done */
             /* printf(" age %4.0f ",age); */
             for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
               for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
                 epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
                 /*ZZZ  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
                 /* printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]); */
               }
               epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
             }
             /* printf(" age %4.0f \n",age); */
             
             for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                 vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
             }
             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           }
         } /* End vpopbased */
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         printf("done selection\n");fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,"done selection\n");fflush(ficlog);
         
       } /* End k selection */
   
       printf("done State-specific expectancies\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done State-specific expectancies\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
       /* variance-covariance of forward period prevalence*/
       varprlim(fileresu, nresult, mobaverage, mobilavproj, bage, fage, prlim, &ncvyear, ftolpl, p, matcov, delti, stepm, cptcoveff);
   
       
       free_vector(weight,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_imatrix(Tvard,1,NCOVMAX,1,2);
       free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,firstobs,lastobs); 
       free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_ivector(cod,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       fclose(ficresstdeij);
       fclose(ficrescveij);
       fclose(ficresvij);
       fclose(ficrest);
       fclose(ficpar);
       
       
       /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
       if (mobilav!=0 ||mobilavproj !=0)
         free_ma3x(mobaverages,AGEINF, AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax); /* We need to have a squared matrix with prevalence of the dead! */
       free_ma3x(probs,AGEINF,AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
       free_matrix(prlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
       free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
     /* endfree:*/
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     if(ntv+nqtv>=1)free_ma3x(cotvar,1,maxwav,1,ntv+nqtv,firstobs,lastobs);
     if(nqtv>=1)free_ma3x(cotqvar,1,maxwav,1,nqtv,firstobs,lastobs);
     if(nqv>=1)free_matrix(coqvar,1,nqv,firstobs,lastobs);
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,firstobs,lastobs);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(paramstart,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(ncodemaxwundef,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Dummy,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Fixed,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(DummyV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(FixedV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Typevar,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarF,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarA,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarAind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvarsel,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_vector(Tvalsel,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tposprod,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(invalidvarcomb,1,ncovcombmax);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tmodelind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TmodelInvind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TmodelInvQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     
     free_imatrix(nbcode,0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
     /* free_imatrix(codtab,1,100,1,10); */
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
     
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings. Please look at the log file for details.\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d. Please look at the log file for details.\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     /*(void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);*/
     rend_time = time(NULL);  
     end_time = *localtime(&rend_time);
     /* tml = *localtime(&end_time.tm_sec); */
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&end_time));
     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
     
     printf("Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
     
   
   /* Executes gnuplot */
     
     printf("Before Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
   #ifdef WIN32
     if (_chdir(pathcd) != 0)
       printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n",path);
     if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0)
   #else
       if(chdir(pathcd) != 0)
         printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n", path);
     if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0)
   #endif 
       printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     /*strcat(plotcmd,CHARSEPARATOR);*/
     sprintf(plotcmd,"gnuplot");
   #ifdef _WIN32
     sprintf(plotcmd,"\"%sgnuplot.exe\"",pathimach);
   #endif
     if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
       printf("Error or gnuplot program not found: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       if(!stat(getenv("GNUPLOTBIN"),&info)){
         printf("Error or gnuplot program not found: '%s' Environment GNUPLOTBIN not set.\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #ifdef __unix
       strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
       if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #endif
     }else
       strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
     
     sprintf(plotcmd,"%s %s",pplotcmd, optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
     
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf("Error in gnuplot, command might not be in your path: '%s', err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
       printf("\n Trying if gnuplot resides on the same directory that IMaCh\n");
       sprintf(plotcmd,"%sgnuplot %s", pathimach, optionfilegnuplot);
       if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
         printf("\n Still a problem with gnuplot command %s, err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
         strcpy(plotcmd,pplotcmd);
       }
     }
     printf(" Successful, please wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit results with your browser, g to graph again and q for exit: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') {
   #ifdef __APPLE__
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "open %s", optionfilehtm);
   #elif __linux
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "xdg-open %s", optionfilehtm);
   #else
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "%s", optionfilehtm);
   #endif
         printf("Starting browser with: %s",pplotcmd);fflush(stdout);
         system(pplotcmd);
       }
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
   end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: "); fflush(stdout);
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
     printf("End\n");
     exit(0);
   }

Removed from v.1.51  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.303


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