Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.4 and 1.126

version 1.4, 2001/05/02 17:34:41 version 1.126, 2006/04/28 17:23:28
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      /* $Id$
 /*********************** Imach **************************************            $State$
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from cross-longitudinal    $Log$
   data. Cross-longitudinal consist in a first survey ("cross") where    Revision 1.126  2006/04/28 17:23:28  brouard
   individuals from different ages are interviewed on their health status    (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
   or degree of  disability. At least a second wave of interviews    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
   ("longitudinal") should  measure each new individual health status.    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
   Health expectancies are computed from the transistions observed between    Version 0.98h
   waves and are computed for each degree of severity of disability (number  
   of life states). More degrees you consider, more time is necessary to    Revision 1.125  2006/04/04 15:20:31  lievre
   reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.    Errors in calculation of health expectancies. Age was not initialized.
   The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is    Forecasting file added.
   the probabibility to be observed in state j at the second wave conditional  
   to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore the model is:    Revision 1.124  2006/03/22 17:13:53  lievre
   log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex'    Parameters are printed with %lf instead of %f (more numbers after the comma).
   is a covariate. If you want to have a more complex model than "constant and    The log-likelihood is printed in the log file
   age", you should modify the program where the markup  
     *Covariates have to be included here again* invites you to do it.    Revision 1.123  2006/03/20 10:52:43  brouard
   More covariates you add, less is the speed of the convergence.    * imach.c (Module): <title> changed, corresponds to .htm file
     name. <head> headers where missing.
   The advantage that this computer programme claims, comes from that if the  
   delay between waves is not identical for each individual, or if some    * imach.c (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
   individual missed an interview, the information is not rounded or lost, but    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
   taken into account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    otherwise the weight is truncated).
   hPijx is the probability to be    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
   observed in state i at age x+h conditional to the observed state i at age    1.
   x. The delay 'h' can be split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of    Version 0.98g
   unobserved intermediate  states. This elementary transition (by month or  
   quarter trimester, semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.    Revision 1.122  2006/03/20 09:45:41  brouard
   The hPx matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply hPijx.    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
     otherwise the weight is truncated).
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    1.
      Version 0.98g
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).  
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    Revision 1.121  2006/03/16 17:45:01  lievre
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    * imach.c (Module): Comments concerning covariates added
   from the European Union.  
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    * imach.c (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
   **********************************************************************/  
      Revision 1.120  2006/03/16 15:10:38  lievre
 #include <math.h>    (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
 #include <stdio.h>    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
 #include <stdlib.h>    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
 #include <unistd.h>  
     Revision 1.119  2006/03/15 17:42:26  brouard
 #define MAXLINE 256    (Module): Bug if status = -2, the loglikelihood was
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    computed as likelihood omitting the logarithm. Version O.98e
 /*#define DEBUG*/  
 #define windows    Revision 1.118  2006/03/14 18:20:07  brouard
     (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    table of variances if popbased=1 .
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
     (Module): Function pstamp added
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    (Module): Version 0.98d
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    Revision 1.117  2006/03/14 17:16:22  brouard
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
 #define MAXN 20000    table of variances if popbased=1 .
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
 #define AGESUP 130    (Module): Function pstamp added
 #define AGEBASE 40    (Module): Version 0.98d
   
     Revision 1.116  2006/03/06 10:29:27  brouard
 int nvar;    (Module): Variance-covariance wrong links and
 static int cptcov;    varian-covariance of ej. is needed (Saito).
 int cptcovn;  
 int npar=NPARMAX;    Revision 1.115  2006/02/27 12:17:45  brouard
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    (Module): One freematrix added in mlikeli! 0.98c
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  
 int ncovmodel, ncov;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    Revision 1.114  2006/02/26 12:57:58  brouard
     (Module): Some improvements in processing parameter
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    filename with strsep.
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  
 int mle, weightopt;    Revision 1.113  2006/02/24 14:20:24  brouard
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */    (Module): Memory leaks checks with valgrind and:
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    datafile was not closed, some imatrix were not freed and on matrix
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */    allocation too.
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */  
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest;    Revision 1.112  2006/01/30 09:55:26  brouard
 FILE *ficgp, *fichtm;    (Module): Back to gnuplot.exe instead of wgnuplot.exe
 FILE *ficreseij;  
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.111  2006/01/25 20:38:18  brouard
  FILE  *ficresvij;    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    (Module): Comments can be added in data file. Missing date values
  FILE  *ficresvpl;    can be a simple dot '.'.
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
     Revision 1.110  2006/01/25 00:51:50  brouard
     (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
   
     Revision 1.109  2006/01/24 19:37:15  brouard
 #define NR_END 1    (Module): Comments (lines starting with a #) are allowed in data.
 #define FREE_ARG char*  
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10    Revision 1.108  2006/01/19 18:05:42  lievre
     Gnuplot problem appeared...
 #define NRANSI    To be fixed
 #define ITMAX 200  
     Revision 1.107  2006/01/19 16:20:37  brouard
 #define TOL 2.0e-4    Test existence of gnuplot in imach path
   
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660    Revision 1.106  2006/01/19 13:24:36  brouard
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10    Some cleaning and links added in html output
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  
     Revision 1.105  2006/01/05 20:23:19  lievre
 #define GOLD 1.618034    *** empty log message ***
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  
 #define TINY 1.0e-20    Revision 1.104  2005/09/30 16:11:43  lievre
     (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;    (Module): If the status is missing at the last wave but we know
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    that the person is alive, then we can code his/her status as -2
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    (instead of missing=-1 in earlier versions) and his/her
      contributions to the likelihood is 1 - Prob of dying from last
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    health status (= 1-p13= p11+p12 in the easiest case of somebody in
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    the healthy state at last known wave). Version is 0.98
   
 static double sqrarg;    Revision 1.103  2005/09/30 15:54:49  lievre
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  
     Revision 1.102  2004/09/15 17:31:30  brouard
 int imx;    Add the possibility to read data file including tab characters.
 int stepm;  
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    Revision 1.101  2004/09/15 10:38:38  brouard
     Fix on curr_time
 int m,nb;  
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax;    Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;    Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
 double **pmmij;  
     Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
 double *weight;    *** empty log message ***
 int **s; /* Status */  
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;    Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab;    New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
     directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */    state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
     other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
     cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
 /******************************************/    from other sources like vital statistic data.
   
 void replace(char *s, char*t)    The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
 {  
   int i;    Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
   int lg=20;    former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
   i=0;  
   lg=strlen(t);    The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    the slope with 95% confident intervals.
     (s[i] = t[i]);  
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';    Current limitations:
   }    A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
 }    model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
     B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  
 {    Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
   int i,j=0;    Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
   int lg=20;    suppressed.
   i=0;  
   lg=strlen(s);    Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;    rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
   }  
   return j;    Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
 }    * imach.c (Repository):
     (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)    matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
 {  
   int i,lg,j,p;    Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
   i=0;    Just cleaning
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;    Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
   }    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
     exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
   lg=strlen(t);    (Module): Version 0.96b
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  
     (u[j] = t[j]);    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
     u[p]='\0';    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
   }    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
   
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {    Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
   }    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
 }    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
     is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
 /********************** nrerror ********************/    concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
   
 void nrerror(char error_text[])    Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
 {    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);    of the covariance matrix to be input.
   exit(1);  
 }    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
 /*********************** vector *******************/    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
 {    of the covariance matrix to be input.
   double *v;  
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
   return v-nl+NR_END;  
 }    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
     Version 0.96
 /************************ free vector ******************/  
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
 {    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    routine fileappend.
 }  
     Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
 /************************ivector *******************************/    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
 {    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
   int *v;    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");    interview.
   return v-nl+NR_END;    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
 }    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
     memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
 /******************free ivector **************************/    truncation)
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
 }    * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
     place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    parcimony.
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
 {  
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
   int **m;    *** empty log message ***
    
   /* allocate pointers to rows */    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;  */
   m -= nrl;  /*
       Interpolated Markov Chain
    
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */    Short summary of the programme:
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
      interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
      second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   return m;    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
 }    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
     Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
       int **m;    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
 {    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
 }    convergence.
   
 /******************* matrix *******************************/    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
 {    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
   double **m;    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
   m += NR_END;    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
   m -= nrl;    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
     semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    hPijx.
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  
     Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    of the life expectancies. It also computes the period (stable) prevalence. 
   return m;    
 }    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
              Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
 /*************************free matrix ************************/    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    from the European Union.
 {    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
 }  
     Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)    
 {    **********************************************************************/
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  /*
   double ***m;    main
     read parameterfile
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    read datafile
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    concatwav
   m += NR_END;    freqsummary
   m -= nrl;    if (mle >= 1)
       mlikeli
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    print results files
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    if mle==1 
   m[nrl] += NR_END;       computes hessian
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
         begin-prev-date,...
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    open gnuplot file
     open html file
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    period (stable) prevalence
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");     for age prevalim()
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;    h Pij x
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;    variance of p varprob
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    health expectancies
      Variance-covariance of DFLE
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {    prevalence()
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;     movingaverage()
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    varevsij() 
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
   }    total life expectancies
   return m;    Variance of period (stable) prevalence
 }   end
   */
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)  
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));   
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  #include <math.h>
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  #include <stdio.h>
 }  #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <string.h>
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  #include <unistd.h>
 extern int ncom;  
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  #include <limits.h>
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
 double f1dim(double x)  #include <errno.h>
 {  extern int errno;
   int j;  
   double f;  /* #include <sys/time.h> */
   double *xt;  #include <time.h>
    #include "timeval.h"
   xt=vector(1,ncom);  
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];  /* #include <libintl.h> */
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);  /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);  
   return f;  #define MAXLINE 256
 }  
   #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 /*****************brent *************************/  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
 {  
   int iter;  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
   double a,b,d,etemp;  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;  
   double ftemp;  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   double e=0.0;  
    #define NINTERVMAX 8
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
   x=w=v=bx;  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  #define MAXN 20000
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  #define AGESUP 130
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  #define AGEBASE 40
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/  #define AGEGOMP 10. /* Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);  #ifdef UNIX
 #ifdef DEBUG  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  #define CHARSEPARATOR "/"
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 #endif  #else
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
       *xmin=x;  #define CHARSEPARATOR "\\"
       return fx;  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
     }  #endif
     ftemp=fu;  
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {  /* $Id$ */
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);  /* $State$ */
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);  
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;  char version[]="Imach version 0.98h, April 2006, INED-EUROREVES-Institut de longevite ";
       q=2.0*(q-r);  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;  char strstart[80];
       q=fabs(q);  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH];
       etemp=e;  int erreur, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
       e=d;  int nvar;
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  int npar=NPARMAX;
       else {  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
         d=p/q;  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
         u=x+d;  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)  int popbased=0;
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);  
       }  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
     } else {  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
     }  int ijmin, ijmax; /* Individuals having jmin and jmax */ 
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  int gipmx, gsw; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
     fu=(*f)(u);                     to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
     if (fu <= fx) {  int mle, weightopt;
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
         } else {             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
             v=w;  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
             w=u;  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres, *ficresp, *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
             fv=fw;  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
             fw=fu;  int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
             v=u;  long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */
             fv=fu;  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
           }  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
         }  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
   }  FILE *ficresilk;
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
   *xmin=x;  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
   return fx;  FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
 }  FILE *ficreseij;
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  FILE *ficresstdeij;
   char fileresstde[FILENAMELENGTH];
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  FILE *ficrescveij;
             double (*func)(double))  char filerescve[FILENAMELENGTH];
 {  FILE  *ficresvij;
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
   double fu;  FILE  *ficresvpl;
    char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);  char title[MAXLINE];
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
   if (*fb > *fa) {  char plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH], pplotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
       }  int  outcmd=0;
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);  
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
   while (*fb > *fc) {  
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);  
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {  struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
       fu=(*func)(u);  struct timezone tzp;
       if (fu < *fc) {  extern int gettimeofday();
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))  struct tm tmg, tm, tmf, *gmtime(), *localtime();
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))  long time_value;
           }  extern long time();
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {  char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
       u=ulim;  
       fu=(*func)(u);  char *endptr;
     } else {  long lval;
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);  double dval;
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     }  #define NR_END 1
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)  #define FREE_ARG char*
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
       }  
 }  #define NRANSI 
   #define ITMAX 200 
 /*************** linmin ************************/  
   #define TOL 2.0e-4 
 int ncom;  
 double *pcom,*xicom;  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
    #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))  
 {  #define GOLD 1.618034 
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
   double f1dim(double x);  
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   int j;  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;    
   double fx,fb,fa;  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
    #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
   ncom=n;  
   pcom=vector(1,n);  static double sqrarg;
   xicom=vector(1,n);  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
   nrfunc=func;  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
     pcom[j]=p[j];  
     xicom[j]=xi[j];  int imx; 
   }  int stepm=1;
   ax=0.0;  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
   xx=1.0;  
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  int estepm;
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
 #ifdef DEBUG  
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);  int m,nb;
 #endif  long *num;
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage,*cens;
     xi[j] *= xmin;  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
     p[j] += xi[j];  double **pmmij, ***probs;
   }  double *ageexmed,*agecens;
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);  double dateintmean=0;
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);  
 }  double *weight;
   int **s; /* Status */
 /*************** powell ************************/  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
             double (*func)(double []))  double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
 {  
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
               double (*func)(double []));  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
   int i,ibig,j;  
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;  /**************** split *************************/
   double fp,fptt;  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
   double *xits;  {
   pt=vector(1,n);    /* From a file name with (full) path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
   ptt=vector(1,n);       the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
   xit=vector(1,n);    */ 
   xits=vector(1,n);    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
   *fret=(*func)(p);    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];  
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
     fp=(*fret);    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
     ibig=0;    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
     del=0.0;    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so determine current directory */
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);      strcpy( name, path );               /* we got the fullname name because no directory */
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
     printf("\n");      /* get current working directory */
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
       fptt=(*fret);        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
 #ifdef DEBUG      }
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);      /* got dirc from getcwd*/
 #endif      printf(" DIRC = %s \n",dirc);
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
         ibig=i;      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
       }      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
 #ifdef DEBUG      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));      printf(" DIRC2 = %s \n",dirc);
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    }
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);    /* We add a separator at the end of dirc if not exists */
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
       }    if( dirc[l1-1] != DIRSEPARATOR ){
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)      dirc[l1] =  DIRSEPARATOR;
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);      dirc[l1+1] = 0; 
       printf("\n");      printf(" DIRC3 = %s \n",dirc);
 #endif    }
     }    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    if (ss >0){
 #ifdef DEBUG      ss++;
       int k[2],l;      strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
       k[0]=1;      l1= strlen( name);
       k[1]=-1;      l2= strlen(ss)+1;
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));      strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);    }
       printf("\n");  
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  }
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];  
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);  
         }  /******************************************/
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));  
       }  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
 #endif  {
     int i;
     int lg=0;
       free_vector(xit,1,n);    i=0;
       free_vector(xits,1,n);    lg=strlen(t);
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
       free_vector(pt,1,n);      (s[i] = t[i]);
       return;      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
     }    }
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");  }
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];  {
       pt[j]=p[j];    int i,j=0;
     }    int lg=20;
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);    i=0;
     if (fptt < fp) {    lg=strlen(s);
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
       if (t < 0.0) {    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    }
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    return j;
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];  }
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];  
         }  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
 #ifdef DEBUG  {
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    /* cuts string t into u and v where u ends before first occurence of char 'occ' 
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)       and v starts after first occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
         printf("\n");    int i,lg,j,p=0;
 #endif    i=0;
       }    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
     }      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
   }    }
 }  
     lg=strlen(t);
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
       (u[j] = t[j]);
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    }
 {       u[p]='\0';
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit  
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
       if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
   int i, ii,j,k;    }
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;  }
   double **matprod2();  
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();  /********************** nrerror ********************/
   double **newm;  
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */  void nrerror(char error_text[])
   {
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }  }
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */  /*********************** vector *******************/
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
     newm=savm;  {
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */    double *v;
     cov[1]=1.;    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     cov[2]=agefin;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
     if (cptcovn>0){    return v-nl+NR_END;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][k]];/*printf("Tcode[ij]=%d nbcode=%d\n",Tcode[ij],nbcode[k][Tcode[ij]]);*/}  }
     }  
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);  /************************ free vector ******************/
   void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
     savm=oldm;  {
     oldm=newm;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
     maxmax=0.;  }
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){  
       min=1.;  /************************ivector *******************************/
       max=0.;  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {  {
         sumnew=0;    int *v;
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);    return v-nl+NR_END;
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);  }
       }  
       maxmin=max-min;  /******************free ivector **************************/
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
     }  {
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
       return prlim;  }
     }  
   }  /************************lvector *******************************/
 }  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
   {
 /*************** transition probabilities **********/    long *v;
     v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
 {    return v-nl+NR_END;
   double s1, s2;  }
   /*double t34;*/  
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;  /******************free lvector **************************/
   void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  {
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  }
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/  
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
       }       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
       ps[i][j]=s2;  { 
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
     }    int **m; 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
       }    m += NR_END; 
       ps[i][j]=s2;    m -= nrl; 
     }    
   }    
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
      s1=0;    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    return m; 
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];  } 
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */  
   } /* end i */  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
   void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){        int **m;
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
       ps[ii][jj]=0;       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
       ps[ii][ii]=1;  { 
     }    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
   }    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
   } 
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  /******************* matrix *******************************/
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
    }  {
     printf("\n ");    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
     }    double **m;
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/  
 /*    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
   goto end;*/    m += NR_END;
     return ps;    m -= nrl;
 }  
     m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     m[nrl] += NR_END;
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)    m[nrl] -= ncl;
 {  
   /* Computes the matric product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */    return m;
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns     */
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */  }
   long i, j, k;  
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)  /*************************free matrix ************************/
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)  {
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
   return out;  }
 }  
   /******************* ma3x *******************************/
   double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/  {
     long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )    double ***m;
 {  
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
      duration (i.e. until    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    m += NR_END;
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step    m -= nrl;
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).  
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
      included manually here.    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     m[nrl] += NR_END;
      */    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   
   int i, j, d, h, k;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];  
   double **newm;    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    
     }    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
       newm=savm;    }
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */    return m; 
       cov[1]=1.;    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
       if (cptcovn>0){    */
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][k]];  }
     }  
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  {
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
       savm=oldm;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       oldm=newm;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
     }  }
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {  /*************** function subdirf ***********/
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];  char *subdirf(char fileres[])
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);  {
          */    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
       }    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
   } /* end h */    strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
   return po;    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
 }    return tmpout;
   }
   
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/  /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
 double func( double *x)  char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
 {  {
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d;    
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
   double **out;    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */    strcat(tmpout,"/");
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */    strcat(tmpout,preop);
   long ipmx;    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   /*extern weight */    return tmpout;
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */  }
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/  
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)  /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
 printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
   */  {
     
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){    strcat(tmpout,"/");
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    strcat(tmpout,preop);
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
             for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
         newm=savm;    return tmpout;
           cov[1]=1.;  }
           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;  
           if (cptcovn>0){  /***************** f1dim *************************/
             for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[1+k-1][i];  extern int ncom; 
             }  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
                        1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));   
           savm=oldm;  double f1dim(double x) 
           oldm=newm;  { 
     int j; 
     double f;
       } /* end mult */    double *xt; 
       
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
       ipmx +=1;    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
       sw += weight[i];    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;    return f; 
     } /* end of wave */  } 
   } /* end of individual */  
   /*****************brent *************************/
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */  { 
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */    int iter; 
   return -l;    double a,b,d,etemp;
 }    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
     double ftemp;
     double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/    double e=0.0; 
    
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
 {    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
   int i,j, iter;    x=w=v=bx; 
   double **xi,*delti;    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
   double fret;    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
   printf("Powell\n");      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f ",iter,func(p));      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
   #endif
 }      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
         *xmin=x; 
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/        return fx; 
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))      } 
 {      ftemp=fu;
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
   double **hess;        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
   int i, j,jk;        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
   int *indx;        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
         q=2.0*(q-r); 
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);        q=fabs(q); 
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;        etemp=e; 
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;        e=d; 
         if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
           d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        else { 
           d=p/q; 
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");          u=x+d; 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);        } 
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/      } else { 
   }        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
       } 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {      fu=(*f)(u); 
       if (j>i) {      if (fu <= fx) { 
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
       }          } else { 
     }            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
   }            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
   printf("\n");              v=w; 
               w=u; 
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");              fv=fw; 
                fw=fu; 
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);              v=u; 
   x=vector(1,npar);              fv=fu; 
   indx=ivector(1,npar);            } 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)          } 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];    } 
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
     *xmin=x; 
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    return fx; 
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  } 
     x[j]=1;  
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
     }              double (*func)(double)) 
   }  { 
     double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");    double fu; 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {   
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
     }    if (*fb > *fa) { 
     printf("\n");      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
   }        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
         } 
   /* Recompute Inverse */    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];    while (*fb > *fc) { 
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
       q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
         (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
     x[j]=1;        fu=(*func)(u); 
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){        fu=(*func)(u); 
       y[i][j]=x[i];        if (fu < *fc) { 
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
     }            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
     printf("\n");            } 
   }      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
   */        u=ulim; 
         fu=(*func)(u); 
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);      } else { 
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
   free_vector(x,1,npar);        fu=(*func)(u); 
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);      } 
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
         SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
         } 
 }  } 
   
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/  /*************** linmin ************************/
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])  
 {  int ncom; 
   int i;  double *pcom,*xicom;
   int l=1, lmax=20;  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   double k1,k2;   
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
   double res;  { 
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
   double fx;                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
   int k=0,kmax=10;    double f1dim(double x); 
   double l1;    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
                 double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
   fx=func(x);    int j; 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){    double fx,fb,fa;
     l1=pow(10,l);   
     delts=delt;    ncom=n; 
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){    pcom=vector(1,n); 
       delt = delta*(l1*k);    xicom=vector(1,n); 
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;    nrfunc=func; 
       k1=func(p2)-fx;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
       k2=func(p2)-fx;      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */    } 
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */    ax=0.0; 
          xx=1.0; 
 #ifdef DEBUG    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
 #endif  #ifdef DEBUG
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
         k=kmax;  #endif
       }    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */      xi[j] *= xmin; 
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;      p[j] += xi[j]; 
       }    } 
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
         delts=delt;    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
       }  } 
     }  
   }  char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
   delti[theta]=delts;  {
   return res;    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
      days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
 }    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
     hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)    sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
 {    minutes = (sec_left) /60;
   int i;    sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;    sprintf(ascdiff,"%d day(s) %d hour(s) %d minute(s) %d second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;    return ascdiff;
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  }
   int k;  
   /*************** powell ************************/
   fx=func(x);  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {              double (*func)(double [])) 
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  { 
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;                double (*func)(double [])); 
     k1=func(p2)-fx;    int i,ibig,j; 
      double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    double fp,fptt;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;    double *xits;
     k2=func(p2)-fx;    int niterf, itmp;
    
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;    pt=vector(1,n); 
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;    ptt=vector(1,n); 
     k3=func(p2)-fx;    xit=vector(1,n); 
      xits=vector(1,n); 
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;    *fret=(*func)(p); 
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
     k4=func(p2)-fx;    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */      fp=(*fret); 
 #ifdef DEBUG      ibig=0; 
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);      del=0.0; 
 #endif      last_time=curr_time;
   }      (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp);
   return res;      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);fflush(stdout);
 }      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec); fflush(ficlog);
   /*     fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec); */
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
 {        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
   int i,imax,j,k;        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
   double big,dum,sum,temp;      }
   double *vv;      printf("\n");
        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   vv=vector(1,n);      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
   *d=1.0;      if(*iter <=3){
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {        tm = *localtime(&curr_time.tv_sec);
     big=0.0;        strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tm));
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)  /*       asctime_r(&tm,strcurr); */
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;        forecast_time=curr_time; 
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");        itmp = strlen(strcurr);
     vv[i]=1.0/big;        if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
   }          strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        printf("\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
       sum=a[i][j];        for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];          forecast_time.tv_sec=curr_time.tv_sec+(niterf-*iter)*(curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
       a[i][j]=sum;          tmf = *localtime(&forecast_time.tv_sec);
     }  /*      asctime_r(&tmf,strfor); */
     big=0.0;          strcpy(strfor,asctime(&tmf));
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {          itmp = strlen(strfor);
       sum=a[i][j];          if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)          strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];          printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
       a[i][j]=sum;          fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {        }
         big=dum;      }
         imax=i;      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       }        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
     }        fptt=(*fret); 
     if (j != imax) {  #ifdef DEBUG
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
         dum=a[imax][k];        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];  #endif
         a[j][k]=dum;        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       }        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
       *d = -(*d);        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
       vv[imax]=vv[j];        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
     }          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
     indx[j]=imax;          ibig=i; 
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;        } 
     if (j != n) {  #ifdef DEBUG
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
     }        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   }          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
 ;          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
 }        }
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
 {          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;        }
   double sum;        printf("\n");
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  #endif
     ip=indx[i];      } 
     sum=b[ip];      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
     b[ip]=b[i];  #ifdef DEBUG
     if (ii)        int k[2],l;
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];        k[0]=1;
     else if (sum) ii=i;        k[1]=-1;
     b[i]=sum;        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
   }        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     sum=b[i];          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];        }
   }        printf("\n");
 }        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
 /************ Frequencies ********************/          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
 {  /* Some frequencies */            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
              fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;          }
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   double *pp;          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   double pos;        }
   FILE *ficresp;  #endif
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];  
   
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
         free_vector(xits,1,n); 
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {        return; 
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);      } 
     exit(0);      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
   }      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
   j1=0;        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
         pt[j]=p[j]; 
   j=cptcovn;      } 
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
       if (fptt < fp) { 
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        if (t < 0.0) { 
        j1++;          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
           for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)              xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)              xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)          }
              freq[i][jk][m]=0;  #ifdef DEBUG
                  printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
          bool=1;          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
          if  (cptcovn>0) {            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcovn; z1++)            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
              if (covar[Tvar[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvar[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) bool=0;          }
          }          printf("\n");
           if (bool==1) {          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass-1; m++){  #endif
              if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;        }
              if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;      } 
              freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];    } 
              freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];  } 
            }  
          }  /**** Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
        }  
         if  (cptcovn>0) {  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#Variable");  {
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcovn; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, " V%d=%d",Tvar[z1],nbcode[Tvar[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
        }       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n#");  
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int i, ii,j,k;
          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");    double **matprod2();
            double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
   for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){    double **newm;
     if(i==(int)agemax+3)    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
       printf("Total");  
     else    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       printf("Age %d", i);      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)      }
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  
     }     cov[1]=1.;
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){   
       for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
         pos += freq[jk][m][i];    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
       if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)      newm=savm;
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
       else       cov[2]=agefin;
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    
     }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
       for(m=1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];        }
     }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
     for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
       pos += pp[jk];          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  
       if(pos>=1.e-5)        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
       else        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
       if( i <= (int) agemax){  
         if(pos>=1.e-5)      savm=oldm;
           fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);      oldm=newm;
       else      maxmax=0.;
           fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
       }        min=1.;
     }        max=0.;
     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)          sumnew=0;
         if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
     if(i <= (int) agemax)          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
       fprintf(ficresp,"\n");          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
     printf("\n");          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
     }        }
     }        maxmin=max-min;
  }        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
        }
   fclose(ficresp);      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);        return prlim;
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);      }
     }
 }  /* End of Freq */  }
   
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
 {  {
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.    double s1, s2;
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).    /*double t34;*/
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]  
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
      */        for(j=1; j<i;j++){
           for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   int i, mi, m;            /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
 float sum=0.;  /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
           }
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          ps[i][j]=s2;
     mi=0;  /*      printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
     m=firstpass;        }
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       if(s[m][i]>=1)          for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
         mw[++mi][i]=m;            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       if(m >=lastpass)  /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2); */
         break;          }
       else          ps[i][j]=s2;
         m++;        }
     }/* end while */      }
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */      
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
          /* Only death is a correct wave */        s1=0;
       mw[mi][i]=m;        for(j=1; j<i; j++)
     }          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
         for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
     wav[i]=mi;          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
     if(mi==0)        ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);        for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   }          ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
         for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){        /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
       if (stepm <=0)      } /* end i */
         dh[mi][i]=1;      
       else{      for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {        for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);          ps[ii][jj]=0;
           if(j=0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */          ps[ii][ii]=1;
         }        }
         else{      }
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));      
           k=k+1;  
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;  /*        for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;  /*       for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
           sum=sum+j;  /*         printf("ddd %lf ",ps[ii][jj]); */
         }  /*       } */
         jk= j/stepm;  /*       printf("\n "); */
         jl= j -jk*stepm;  /*        } */
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;  /*        printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]); */
         if(jl <= -ju)         /*
           dh[mi][i]=jk;        for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
         else        goto end;*/
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;      return ps;
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)  }
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */  
       }  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
     }  
   }  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,sum/k);  {
 }    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
 {       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   int Ndum[80],ij, k, j, i;       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
   int cptcode=0;    long i, j, k;
   for (k=0; k<79; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
          for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
   for (j=1; j<=cptcovn; j++) {          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {  
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);    return out;
       Ndum[ij]++;  }
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;  
     }  
     /*printf("cptcode=%d cptcovn=%d ",cptcode,cptcovn);*/  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {  
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
     }  {
      /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
     ij=1;       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
       for (k=0; k<=79; k++) {       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
           ij++;       for the memory).
         }       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;       included manually here. 
       }    
     }       */
   }    
     int i, j, d, h, k;
   }    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
     double **newm;
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/  
     /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij)    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
 {      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   /* Health expectancies */        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double age, agelim,hf;      }
   double ***p3mat;    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
      for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");        newm=savm;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        cov[1]=1.;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d",i,j);        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /*  Every j years of age (in month) */          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   agelim=AGESUP;  
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */  
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
     /* Typically if 20 years = 20*12/6=40 stepm */        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically 40/4=10 */        savm=oldm;
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        oldm=newm;
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored      }
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
           po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
           /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)           */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        }
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    } /* end h */
           eij[i][j][(int)age] +=p3mat[i][j][h];    return po;
         }  }
      
     hf=1;  
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%.0f",age );  double func( double *x)
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  {
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
         fprintf(ficreseij," %.4f", hf*eij[i][j][(int)age]);    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
       }    double **out;
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   }    int s1, s2;
 }    double bbh, survp;
     long ipmx;
 /************ Variance ******************/    /*extern weight */
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
 {    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
   /* Variance of health expectancies */    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
   double **newm;    */
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    cov[1]=1.;
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;  
   int k, cptcode;    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
    double *xp;  
   double **gp, **gm;    if(mle==1){
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   double ***p3mat;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   double age,agelim;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   int theta;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
             for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            }
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);            newm=savm;
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   xp=vector(1,npar);              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);            }
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */            savm=oldm;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */            oldm=newm;
   agelim = AGESUP;          } /* end mult */
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */        
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. Then we inter(extra)polate the
            * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){           * from savm to out if bh is negative or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
       }           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);             */
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)          /* bias bh is positive if real duration
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
         }           */
       }          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
              if( s2 > nlstate){ 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known 
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);               then the contribution to the likelihood is the probability to 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);                 die between last step unit time and current  step unit time, 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);               which is also equal to probability to die before dh 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){               minus probability to die before dh-stepm . 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
         }          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
       }          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)          (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
         }          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
     } /* End theta */          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
           and month of death but the probability to survive from last
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
           probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];          lower mortality.
             */
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)  
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;  
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){          } else if  (s2==-2) {
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);            /*survp += out[s1][j]; */
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            lli= log(survp);
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)          }
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j];          
       }          else if  (s2==-4) { 
     }            for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)  
     h=1;              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
     if (stepm >= YEARM) h=stepm/YEARM;            lli= log(survp); 
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );          } 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          else if  (s2==-5) { 
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", h*vareij[i][j][(int)age]);            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)  
       }              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");            lli= log(survp); 
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);          } 
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);          
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);          else{
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
   } /* End age */          } 
            /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);          ipmx +=1;
           sw += weight[i];
 }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         } /* end of wave */
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/      } /* end of individual */
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)    }  else if(mle==2){
 {      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   double **newm;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   double **dnewm,**doldm;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int k, cptcode;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double *xp;            }
   double *gp, *gm;          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
   double **gradg, **trgradg;            newm=savm;
   double age,agelim;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   int theta;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
                  cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");            }
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);            savm=oldm;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");            oldm=newm;
           } /* end mult */
   xp=vector(1,npar);        
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
            bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */          ipmx +=1;
   agelim = AGESUP;          sw += weight[i];
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        } /* end of wave */
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;      } /* end of individual */
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }            }
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            newm=savm;
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
                for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);            }
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];            savm=oldm;
             oldm=newm;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          } /* end mult */
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];        
     } /* End theta */          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
           lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          ipmx +=1;
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          sw += weight[i];
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         } /* end of wave */
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      } /* end of individual */
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
             for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));            }
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);            newm=savm;
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   } /* End age */            }
           
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);            savm=oldm;
             oldm=newm;
 }          } /* end mult */
         
           s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
 /***********************************************/          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
 /**************** Main Program *****************/            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
 /***********************************************/          }else{
             lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
 /*int main(int argc, char *argv[])*/          }
 int main()          ipmx +=1;
 {          sw += weight[i];
           ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, aaa, cptcod;  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;        } /* end of wave */
   double agemin=1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;      } /* end of individual */
     }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
   double fret;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   double **xi,tmp,delta;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   double ***p3mat;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   int *indx;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   char title[MAXLINE];            }
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH];            newm=savm;
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;            }
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */          
   int c,  h , cpt,l;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   int ju,jl, mi;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   int i1,j1, k1,jk,aa,bb, stepsize;            savm=oldm;
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;            oldm=newm;
            } /* end mult */
   int hstepm, nhstepm;        
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   double ftolpl=FTOL;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   double **prlim;          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
   double *severity;          ipmx +=1;
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */          sw += weight[i];
   double  *p;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */        } /* end of wave */
   double *delti; /* Scale */      } /* end of individual */
   double ***eij, ***vareij;    } /* End of if */
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
   double *epj, vepp;    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
   char version[80]="Imach version 0.64, May 2000, INED-EUROREVES ";    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];    return -l;
   char z[1]="c", occ;  }
 #include <sys/time.h>  
 #include <time.h>  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];  double funcone( double *x)
   /* long total_usecs;  {
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;    /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
      int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
     double **out;
     double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   printf("\nIMACH, Version 0.64a");    double llt;
   printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");    int s1, s2;
     double bbh, survp;
 #ifdef windows    /*extern weight */
   scanf("%s",pathtot);    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
      printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
      chdir(path);      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
      */
   /*size=30;    cov[1]=1.;
   getcwd(pathcd, size);    
   printf("pathcd=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathcd,path,optionfile);    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
   cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');  
   chdir(path);    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   replace(pathc,path);      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   */        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
 #endif          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 #ifdef unix            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   scanf("%s",optionfile);            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 #endif          }
         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/          newm=savm;
           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   strcpy(fileres,"r");          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   strcat(fileres, optionfile);            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
           }
   /*---------arguments file --------*/          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                        1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {          savm=oldm;
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);          oldm=newm;
     goto end;        } /* end mult */
   }        
         s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   strcpy(filereso,"o");        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   strcat(filereso,fileres);        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {        /* bias is positive if real duration
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   }         */
         if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        } else if  (s2==-2) {
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
     puts(line);          lli= log(survp);
     fputs(line,ficparo);        }else if (mle==1){
   }          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        } else if(mle==2){
           lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncov, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);        } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncov,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
           lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
   covar=matrix(1,NCOVMAX,1,n);            } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
   if (strlen(model)<=1) cptcovn=0;          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
   else {        } /* End of if */
     j=0;        ipmx +=1;
     j=nbocc(model,'+');        sw += weight[i];
     cptcovn=j+1;        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   }  /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
         if(globpr){
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;          fprintf(ficresilk,"%9d %6d %2d %2d %1d %1d %3d %11.6f %8.4f\
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */   %11.6f %11.6f %11.6f ", \
                    num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
   /* Read guess parameters */                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          }
     puts(line);          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
     fputs(line,ficparo);        }
   }      } /* end of wave */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    } /* end of individual */
      for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){    if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);      gipmx=ipmx;
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);      gsw=sw;
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    }
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    return -l;
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);  }
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);  
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);  
       }  /*************** function likelione ***********/
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
       printf("\n");  {
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
     }       the selection of individuals/waves and
         to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
   npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;       Plotting could be done.
   p=param[1][1];     */
      int k;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
     puts(line);      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
     fputs(line,ficparo);        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
   }        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      }
       fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight 2wlli out sav ");
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */      /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    }
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);  
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);    if(*globpri !=0){
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);      fclose(ficresilk);
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
       }      fflush(fichtm); 
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    } 
       printf("\n");    return;
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  }
     }  
   }  
   delti=delti3[1][1];  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
    
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  {
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    int i,j, iter;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    double **xi;
     puts(line);    double fret;
     fputs(line,ficparo);    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   }    /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
     printf("%s",str);    strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    }
     }    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     printf("\n");      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
   }    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)  
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];  
        free_matrix(xi,1,npar,1,npar);
   printf("\n");    fclose(ficrespow);
     printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
    if(mle==1){    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
     /*-------- data file ----------*/  
     if((ficres =fopen(fileres,"w"))==NULL) {  }
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileres);goto end;  
     }  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
      {
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;    double **hess;
     }    int i, j,jk;
     int *indx;
     n= lastobs;  
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
     num=ivector(1,n);    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
     moisnais=vector(1,n);    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
     annais=vector(1,n);    double gompertz(double p[]);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     andc=vector(1,n);  
     agedc=vector(1,n);    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
     cod=ivector(1,n);    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
     weight=vector(1,n);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);     
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);       hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);          
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);      /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);          printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
     }
     i=1;    
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
                if (j>i) { 
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
           strcpy(line,stra);          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j,func,npar);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
         }          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
                }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    }
     printf("\n");
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
     printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
         for (j=ncov;j>=1;j--){    
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
         }    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
         num[i]=atol(stra);    x=vector(1,npar);
     indx=ivector(1,npar);
         /*printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]),  (mint[5][i]), (anint[5][i]), (s[5][i]),  (mint[6][i]), (anint[6][i]), (s[6][i]));*/    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
       for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
         i=i+1;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
       }  
     }    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     /*scanf("%d",i);*/      x[j]=1;
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
   Tvar=ivector(1,8);          }
        }
   if (strlen(model) >1){  
     j=0;    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     j=nbocc(model,'+');    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     cptcovn=j+1;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
          for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
     strcpy(modelsav,model);        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
     if (j==0) {        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'V'); Tvar[1]=atoi(strb);      }
     }      printf("\n");
     else {      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       for(i=j; i>=1;i--){    }
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');  
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {    /* Recompute Inverse */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');Tvar[i+1]=ncov+1;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)  
             covar[ncov+1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
         }  
         else {cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
         Tvar[i+1]=atoi(strc);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
         }      x[j]=1;
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);        lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
       }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
       cutv(strd,strc,stra,'V');        y[i][j]=x[i];
       Tvar[1]=atoi(strc);        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     }        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
   }      }
   /*printf("tvar=%d ",Tvar[1]);      printf("\n");
   scanf("%d ",i);*/      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     fclose(fic);    }
     */
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/  
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
     }    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/    free_vector(x,1,npar);
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
        free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {  
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);  
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){  }
         if(s[m][i] >0){  
           if (s[m][i] == nlstate+1) {  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
             if(agedc[i]>0)  double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)  {
               agev[m][i]=agedc[i];    int i;
             else{    int l=1, lmax=20;
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);    double k1,k2;
               agev[m][i]=-1;    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
             }    double res;
           }    double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */    double fx;
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);    int k=0,kmax=10;
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)    double l1;
               agev[m][i]=1;  
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){    fx=func(x);
               agemin=agev[m][i];    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
             }      l1=pow(10,l);
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){      delts=delt;
               agemax=agev[m][i];      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/        delt = delta*(l1*k);
             }        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/        k1=func(p2)-fx;
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
           }        k2=func(p2)-fx;
           else { /* =9 */        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
             agev[m][i]=1;        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
             s[m][i]=-1;        
           }  #ifdef DEBUG
         }        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         else /*= 0 Unknown */        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
           agev[m][i]=1;  #endif
       }        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
            if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
     }          k=kmax;
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {        }
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");          }
           goto end;        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
         }          delts=delt;
       }        }
     }      }
     }
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);    delti[theta]=delts;
     return res; 
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);    
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);  }
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);  
     free_vector(annais,1,n);  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);  {
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);    int i;
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
     free_vector(andc,1,n);    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
     double p2[NPARMAX+1];
        int k;
     wav=ivector(1,imx);  
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    fx=func(x);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
          for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     /* Concatenates waves */      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       k1=func(p2)-fx;
     
 Tcode=ivector(1,100);      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
    nbcode=imatrix(1,nvar,1,8);        p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
    ncodemax[1]=1;      k2=func(p2)-fx;
    if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);    
        p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
    h=0;      k3=func(p2)-fx;
    m=pow(2,cptcovn);    
        p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
    for(k=1;k<=cptcovn; k++){      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){      k4=func(p2)-fx;
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcovn+1-k)); cpt++){  #ifdef DEBUG
            h++;      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
          }  #endif
        }    }
      }    return res;
    }  }
   
    /*for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
      for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k]);  { 
      }    int i,imax,j,k; 
      printf("\n");    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
    }*/    double *vv; 
    /*scanf("%d",i);*/   
        vv=vector(1,n); 
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age    *d=1.0; 
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
   freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);      big=0.0; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
         if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
   /*scanf("%d ",i);*/      if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
       vv[i]=1.0/big; 
     } 
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        sum=a[i][j]; 
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */        a[i][j]=sum; 
          } 
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]      big=0.0; 
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */        sum=a[i][j]; 
            for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         a[i][j]=sum; 
            if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
     /*--------- results files --------------*/          big=dum; 
     fprintf(ficres,"\ntitle=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle,weightopt,model);          imax=i; 
            } 
    jk=1;      } 
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters\n");      if (j != imax) { 
    printf("# Parameters\n");        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){          dum=a[imax][k]; 
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
        if (k != i)          a[j][k]=dum; 
          {        } 
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);        *d = -(*d); 
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){      } 
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);      indx[j]=imax; 
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
              jk++;      if (j != n) { 
            }        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
            printf("\n");        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");      } 
          }    } 
      }    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
    }  ;
   } 
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */  
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);  { 
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales\n");    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
     printf("# Scales\n");    double sum; 
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){   
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
         if (j!=i) {      ip=indx[i]; 
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);      sum=b[ip]; 
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);      b[ip]=b[i]; 
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){      if (ii) 
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);      else if (sum) ii=i; 
             jk++;      b[i]=sum; 
           }    } 
           printf("\n");    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");      sum=b[i]; 
         }      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       }      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
       }    } 
      } 
     k=1;  
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance\n");  void pstamp(FILE *fichier)
     printf("# Covariance\n");  {
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){    fprintf(fichier,"# %s.%s\n#%s\n#%s\n# %s", optionfilefiname,optionfilext,version,fullversion,strstart);
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;  }
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;  
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);  /************ Frequencies ********************/
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[])
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);  {  /* Some frequencies */
       printf("%3d",i);    
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    int first;
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
       }    double *pp, **prop;
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");    double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
       printf("\n");    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
       k++;    
     }    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
        prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
       ungetc(c,ficpar);    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
       puts(line);      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       fputs(line,ficparo);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
     }      exit(0);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    }
      freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);    j1=0;
        
     if (fage <= 2) {    j=cptcoveff;
       bage = agemin;    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
       fage = agemax;  
     }    first=1;
   
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/        j1++;
 chdir(pathcd);        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
   if((ficgp=fopen("graph.plt","w"))==NULL) {          scanf("%d", i);*/
     printf("Problem with file graph.plt");goto end;        for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
   }          for (jk=-5; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
 #ifdef windows            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
 #endif  
 m=pow(2,cptcovn);      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
  /* 1eme*/          prop[i][m]=0;
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {        
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {        dateintsum=0;
         k2cpt=0;
 #ifdef windows        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);          bool=1;
 #endif          if  (cptcovn>0) {
 #ifdef unix            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres);              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
 #endif                bool=0;
           }
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {          if (bool==1){
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
 }              /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");                if (m<lastpass) {
 }                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {                }
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");                
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
 }                    dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));                  k2cpt++;
 #ifdef unix                }
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300");                /*}*/
 #endif            }
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);          }
    }        }
   }         
   /*2 eme*/        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
         pstamp(ficresp);
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {        if  (cptcovn>0) {
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,fage);          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
              for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
       k=2*i;        }
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        
 }          for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");          if(i==iagemax+3){
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);          }else{
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {            if(first==1){
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");              first=0;
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");              printf("See log file for details...\n");
 }              }
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);          }
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
 }            }
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
     }              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
   }              if(first==1){
                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
   /*3eme*/              }
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {            }else{
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {              if(first==1)
       k=2+nlstate*(cpt-1);                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {            }
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);          }
       }  
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     }            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
    }              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
            }       
   /* CV preval stat */          for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {            pos += pp[jk];
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {            posprop += prop[jk][i];
       k=3;          }
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",agemin,agemax,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)            if(pos>=1.e-5){
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);              if(first==1)
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
                    fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;            }else{
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);              if(first==1)
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);            }
       }            if( i <= iagemax){
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);                if(pos>=1.e-5){
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
     }                /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
   }                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
                }
   /* proba elementaires */              else
   for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){            }
       if (k != i) {          }
         /*  fprintf(ficgp,"%1d%1d ",i,k);*/          
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
           fprintf(ficgp,"%s%1d%1d=%f ",alph[j],i,k,p[jk]);            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
           jk++;              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");              if(first==1)
         }                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
       }                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
     }              }
   }          if(i <= iagemax)
   for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,agemax);          if(first==1)
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++) {            printf("Others in log...\n");
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       if (k != i) {        }
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(a%d%d+b%d%d*x",i,k,i,k);      }
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++)    }
           fprintf(ficgp,"+%s%d%d*%d",alph[j],i,k,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
         fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");   
         for(k1=1; k1 <=(nlstate+ndeath); k1++)    fclose(ficresp);
           if (k1 != i) {    free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
             fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(a%d%d+b%d%d*x",i,k1,i,k1);    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
             for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++)    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
               fprintf(ficgp,"+%s%d%d*%d",alph[j],i,k,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    /* End of Freq */
             fprintf(ficgp,")");  }
           }  
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", i,k);  /************ Prevalence ********************/
       if ((i+k)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");  void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
       }  {  
     }    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
   }       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);         We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
   }    */
     
  fclose(ficgp);    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
     double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     chdir(path);    double *pp, **prop;
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    double pos,posprop; 
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    int iagemin, iagemax;
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  
        iagemin= (int) agemin;
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);    iagemax= (int) agemax;
        /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
        prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
     free_ivector(num,1,n);    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);    j1=0;
     free_vector(weight,1,n);    
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/    j=cptcoveff;
     fclose(ficparo);    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     fclose(ficres);    
    }    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
          for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
    /*________fin mle=1_________*/        j1++;
            
         for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
     /* No more information from the sample is required now */            prop[i][m]=0.0;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */       
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          bool=1;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          if  (cptcovn>0) {
     puts(line);            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
     fputs(line,ficparo);              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
   }                bool=0;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          } 
            if (bool==1) { 
             for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
   printf("agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax, bage, fage);              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
                 if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
   if((fichtm=fopen("index.htm","w"))==NULL)    {                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
     printf("Problem with index.htm \n");goto end;                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
   }                  prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
                   prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body><ul> Imach, Version 0.63<hr> <li>Outputs files<br><br>\n                } 
         - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n              }
 - Estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>            } /* end selection of waves */
         - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>          }
         - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>        }
         - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
         - Life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>          
         - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>          for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
         - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>            posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
         - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br><br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);          } 
   
  fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li>\n<p>");          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
             if( i <=  iagemax){ 
  m=cptcovn;              if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
               } 
  j1=0;            } 
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){          }/* end jk */ 
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        }/* end i */ 
        j1++;      } /* end i1 */
        if (cptcovn > 0) {    } /* end k1 */
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr>************ Results for covariates");    
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcovn;cpt++)    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvar[cpt],nbcode[Tvar[cpt]][codtab[j1][cpt]]);    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr>");    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
        }  }  /* End of prevalence */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>  
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);      /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){  
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);  {
        }    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);         and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
      }       */
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {  
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>    int i, mi, m;
 <img src=\"ex%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
      }       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and    int first;
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);    double sum=0.;
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    first=0;
    }    jmin=1e+5;
  }    jmax=-1;
 fclose(fichtm);    jmean=0.;
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/      mi=0;
        m=firstpass;
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);        if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5)
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {          mw[++mi][i]=m;
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;        if(m >=lastpass)
   }          break;
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);        else
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");          m++;
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");      }/* end while */
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
          /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);           /* Only death is a correct wave */
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        mw[mi][i]=m;
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      }
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      wav[i]=mi;
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */      if(mi==0){
   k=0;        nbwarn++;
   agebase=agemin;        if(first==0){
   agelim=agemax;          printf("Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
   ftolpl=1.e-10;          first=1;
   i1=cptcovn;        }
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}        if(first==1){
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){        }
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      } /* end mi==0 */
         k=k+1;    } /* End individuals */
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/  
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#****** ");    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
           fprintf(ficrespl,"V%d=%d ",Tvar[j],nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        if (stepm <=0)
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");          dh[mi][i]=1;
                else{
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );              j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);              else if(j<0){
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");                nberr++;
         }                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
       }                j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
     }                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
   fclose(ficrespl);                fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/                fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
                }
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);              k=k+1;
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {              if (j >= jmax){
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;                jmax=j;
   }                ijmax=i;
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);              }
                if (j <= jmin){
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;                jmin=j;
   if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;                ijmin=i;
               }
   agelim=AGESUP;              sum=sum+j;
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */              /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
              }
   k=0;          }
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){          else{
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
       k=k+1;  /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");  
         for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)            k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvar[j],nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            if (j >= jmax) {
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");              jmax=j;
                      ijmax=i;
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */            }
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */            else if (j <= jmin){
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */              jmin=j;
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);              ijmin=i;
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;            }
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);              /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            if(j<0){
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)              nberr++;
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);              printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");              fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){            }
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );            sum=sum+j;
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          }
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)          jk= j/stepm;
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);          jl= j -jk*stepm;
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
           }          if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            if(jl==0){
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");              dh[mi][i]=jk;
         }              bh[mi][i]=0;
     }            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
   }                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
               dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
   fclose(ficrespij);              bh[mi][i]=ju;
             }
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/          }else{
             if(jl <= -ju){
   strcpy(filerest,"t");              dh[mi][i]=jk;
   strcat(filerest,fileres);              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {                                   * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;                                   */
   }            }
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);            else{
               dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
               bh[mi][i]=ju;
   strcpy(filerese,"e");            }
   strcat(filerese,fileres);            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {              dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
   }              /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);            }
           } /* end if mle */
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");        }
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);      } /* end wave */
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {    }
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);    jmean=sum/k;
   }    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, num[ijmin], jmax, num[ijmax], jmean);
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, ijmin, jmax, ijmax, jmean);
    }
   k=0;  
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
       k=k+1;  {
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");    
       for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvar[j],nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    int cptcode=0;
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");    cptcoveff=0; 
    
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);  
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");                                 modality*/ 
       for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
         if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k);        }
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);  
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
       varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
            }
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");  
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);      ij=1; 
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
                for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
       hf=1;          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);            /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){            
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);            ij++;
         fprintf(ficrest," %.0f",age);          }
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {        }  
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*hf*eij[i][j][(int)age];      } 
           }    }  
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  
         }   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)  
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];     /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
         fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[nlstate+1],hf*sqrt(vepp));     ij=Tvar[i];
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){     Ndum[ij]++;
           fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[j],hf*sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));   }
         }  
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");   ij=1;
       }   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
     }     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
   }       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
               ij++;
  fclose(ficreseij);     }
  fclose(ficresvij);   }
   fclose(ficrest);   
   fclose(ficpar);   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);  }
   /*scanf("%d ",i); */  
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/    
   void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,char strstart[] )
 strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");  
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);  {
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {    /* Health expectancies, no variances */
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2;
     exit(0);    int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
   }    double age, agelim, hf;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);    double ***p3mat;
     double eip;
  k=0;  
  for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    pstamp(ficreseij);
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    fprintf(ficreseij,"# (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age and (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age\n");
      k=k+1;    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
      for(j=1;j<=cptcovn;j++)      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvar[j],nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d%1d ",i,j);
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");      }
            fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d. ",i);
      varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    }
      oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);  
    }    
  }    if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   fclose(ficresvpl);    }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
       * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
       * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
       * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  
      /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
         nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
   printf("End of Imach\n");    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
         means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
   /*------ End -----------*/    */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
  end:  
 #ifdef windows    agelim=AGESUP;
  chdir(pathcd);    /* If stepm=6 months */
 #endif      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
  system("wgnuplot graph.plt");         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
 #ifdef windows  /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
   while (z[0] != 'q') {    nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
     chdir(pathcd);    /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");    /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     scanf("%s",z);    nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");    p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     else if (z[0] == 'e') {  
       chdir(path);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       system("index.htm");      nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
     }      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
   }      nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
 #endif  
 }      /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepma,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij);  
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
       
       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Computing expectancies */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
             
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   
           }
   
       fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip +=eij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eij[i][j][(int)age] );
         }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eip );
       }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
       
     }
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     
   }
   
   void cvevsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov,char strstart[] )
   
   {
     /* Covariances of health expectancies eij and of total life expectancies according
      to initial status i, ei. .
     */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2, ij, ji;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
     double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3matp, ***p3matm, ***varhe;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp, *xm;
     double **gp, **gm;
     double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
     int theta;
   
     double eip, vip;
   
     varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     xm=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     
     pstamp(ficresstdeij);
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Health expectancies with standard errors\n");
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d%1d (SE)",i,j);
       fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
   
     pstamp(ficrescveij);
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Subdiagonal matrix of covariances of health expectancies by age: cov(eij,ekl)\n");
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
         for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
           for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
             cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
             if(cptj2 <= cptj)
               fprintf(ficrescveij,"  %1d%1d,%1d%1d",i,j,i2,j2);
           }
       }
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* If stepm=6 months */
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     agelim=AGESUP;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); 
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     
     p3matp=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     p3matm=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
       /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
   
       /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   
       /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
       /* Gradient is computed with plus gp and minus gm. Code is duplicated in order to
          decrease memory allocation */
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
           xm[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         hpxij(p3matp,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij);  
         hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xm,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij);  
     
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
             for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
               gp[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matp[i][j][h]+p3matp[i][j][h+1])/2.;
               gm[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             }
           }
         }
        
         for(ij=1; ij<= nlstate*nlstate; ij++)
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             gradg[h][theta][ij]= (gp[h][ij]-gm[h][ij])/2./delti[theta];
           }
       }/* End theta */
       
       
       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
             trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
       
   
        for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
         for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
           varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] =0.;
   
        printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
        fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
        for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
         for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
           for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
             for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
               varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] += doldm[ij][ji]*hf*hf;
         }
       }
   
       /* Computing expectancies */
       hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij);  
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
             
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   
           }
   
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0.;
         vip=0.;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip += eij[i][j][(int)age];
           for(k=1; k<=nlstate;k++) /* Sum on j and k of cov(eij,eik) */
             vip += varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(k-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(j-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age]) );
         }
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eip, sqrt(vip));
       }
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
   
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
           for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
             for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
               cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
               if(cptj2 <= cptj)
                 fprintf(ficrescveij," %.4f", varhe[cptj][cptj2][(int)age]);
             }
         }
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
      
     }
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_ma3x(p3matm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     free_ma3x(p3matp,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
     free_vector(xm,1,npar);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
   }
   
   /************ Variance ******************/
   void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[])
   {
     /* Variance of health expectancies */
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
     /* double **newm;*/
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
     int k, cptcode;
     double *xp;
     double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
     double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
     double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
     double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
     double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
     double ***p3mat;
     double age,agelim, hf;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int theta;
     char digit[4];
     char digitp[25];
   
     char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     if(popbased==1){
       if(mobilav!=0)
         strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
       else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
     }
     else 
       strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
     sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
     /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
     strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
     strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
     strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
     if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
     }
     printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
    
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     pstamp(ficresprobmorprev);
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
     }  
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
     /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   /*   } */
     varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     pstamp(ficresvij);
     fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
     if(popbased==1)
       fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific prevalence observed in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1)");
     else
       fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
     fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e.%1d, e.%1d)",i,j);
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
     doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
     gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like k years */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
       p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   
         if (popbased==1) {
           if(mobilav ==0){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
           }else{ /* mobilav */ 
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
           }
         }
     
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
               gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
           }
         }
         /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
            computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
            as a weighted average of prlim.
         */
         for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
             gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
         }    
         /* end probability of death */
   
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
    
         if (popbased==1) {
           if(mobilav ==0){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
           }else{ /* mobilav */ 
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
           }
         }
   
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
               gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
           }
         }
         /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
            computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
            as a weighted average of prlim.
         */
         for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
         }    
         /* end probability of death */
   
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
           }
   
         for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
           gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
         }
   
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
   
       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
             trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
   
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
     
   
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
           vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   
       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
         for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
           for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
               vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
         }
       }
     
       /* pptj */
       matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
       for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
           varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
       /* end ppptj */
       /*  x centered again */
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
    
       if (popbased==1) {
         if(mobilav ==0){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
         }else{ /* mobilav */ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
         }
       }
                
       /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
          computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
          as a weighted average of prlim.
       */
       for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
       }    
       /* end probability of death */
   
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
           fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
         }
       } 
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   
       fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
         }
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
       free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
       free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     } /* End age */
     free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
     /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
   /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
     /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
   */
   /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.png\";replot;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
     free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
     fflush(ficgp);
     fflush(fichtm); 
   }  /* end varevsij */
   
   /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
   void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, char strstart[])
   {
     /* Variance of prevalence limit */
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
     double **newm;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     int k, cptcode;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double age,agelim;
     int theta;
     
     pstamp(ficresvpl);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences \n");
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     
     hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
       gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
       
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
   
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
   
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
       free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
   }
   
   /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
   {
     int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
     int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
     int k=0,l, cptcode;
     int first=1, first1;
     double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double **mu;
     double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
     double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
     int theta;
     char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
     char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
     char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     double ***varpij;
   
     strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
     strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
     if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
     }
     strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
     strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
     if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
     }
     strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
     strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
     if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
     }
     printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
     printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
     printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
     fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
     pstamp(ficresprob);
     fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
     fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
     pstamp(ficresprobcov);
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     pstamp(ficresprobcor);
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"# Age");
   
   
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
       }  
    /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
    */
    xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
     varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
     first=1;
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4></li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n\
     file %s<br>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated\
   and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
    They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
   It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
   would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
   standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
    Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
    and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
   To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
   
     cov[1]=1;
     tj=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     j1=0;
     for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
         j1++;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {
           fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
           fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
           
           fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
           
           
           fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
           
           fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
         }
         
         for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
           cov[2]=age;
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
             cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
           }
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
             cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           
           gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
             for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
             
             pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
             
             k=0;
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
               for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                 k=k+1;
                 gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
             }
             
             for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
       
             pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
             k=0;
             for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
               for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                 k=k+1;
                 gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
             }
        
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
               gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
           }
   
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
             for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
               trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
           
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
           free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
           
           k=0;
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
               k=k+1;
               mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
             }
           }
           for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
             for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
               varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
   
           /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
             for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
             printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
             fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
             }*/
   
           fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   
           for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
             fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
           for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
           }
           i=0;
           for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
             for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
               i=i++;
               fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
                 fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                 fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
               }
             }
           }/* end of loop for state */
         } /* end of loop for age */
   
         /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
         /*
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
         */
   
         /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
         first1=1;
         for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
           for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
             if(l2==k2) continue;
             j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
             for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
               for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                 if(l1==k1) continue;
                 i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
                 if(i<=j) continue;
                 for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
                   if ((int)age %5==0){
                     v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
                     mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
                     c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
                     /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
                     lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     /* Eigen vectors */
                     v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
                     /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
                     v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
                     v12=-v21;
                     v22=v11;
                     tnalp=v21/v11;
                     if(first1==1){
                       first1=0;
                       printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                     }
                     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                     /*printf(fignu*/
                     /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
                     /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
                     if(first==1){
                       first=0;
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
    :<a href=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">\
   %s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                               subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                               subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                               mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
                               mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                     }else{
                       first=0;
                       fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                               mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
                               mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                     }/* if first */
                   } /* age mod 5 */
                 } /* end loop age */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                 first=1;
               } /*l12 */
             } /* k12 */
           } /*l1 */
         }/* k1 */
       } /* loop covariates */
     }
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     fclose(ficresprob);
     fclose(ficresprobcov);
     fclose(ficresprobcor);
     fflush(ficgp);
     fflush(fichtmcov);
   }
   
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
                     int popforecast, int estepm ,\
                     double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
                     double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
     int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><a href='#firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a>\n \
      <li><a href='#secondorder'>Result files (second order (variance)</a>\n \
   </ul>");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4><a name='firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a></h4>\n \
    - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n ",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirf2(fileres,"p"),subdirf2(fileres,"p"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),subdirf2(fileres,"pij"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Period (stable) prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileres,"pl"),subdirf2(fileres,"pl"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age, (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age:  ei., eij . If one or more covariate are included, specific tables for each value of the covariate are output in sequences within the same file (estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),subdirf2(fileres,"e"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Population projections by age and states: \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>", subdirf2(fileres,"f"),subdirf2(fileres,"f"));
   
   fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
    m=cptcoveff;
    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
    jj1=0;
    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
        /* Pij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: <a href=\"%s%d1.png\">%s%d1.png</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d1.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1);     
        /* Quasi-incidences */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
    before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: <a href=\"%s%d2.png\">%s%d2.png</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d2.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1); 
          /* Period (stable) prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Period (stable) prevalence in each health state : <a href=\"%s%d%d.png\">%s%d%d.png</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1);
          }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Life expectancy by health state (%d) at initial age and its decomposition into health expectancies : <a href=\"%s%d%d.png\">%s%d%d.png</a> <br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1);
        }
      } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   \n<br><li><h4> <a name='secondorder'>Result files (second order: variances)</a></h4>\n\
    - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n", rfileres,rfileres);
   
    fprintf(fichtm," - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"prob"),subdirf2(fileres,"prob"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"));
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age and <b>initial health status</b> (cov(e<sup>ij</sup>,e<sup>kl</sup>)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"cve"),subdirf2(fileres,"cve"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Health expectancies by health status at initial age (e<sup>ij</sup>) and standard errors (in parentheses) (b) life expectancies and standard errors (e<sup>i.</sup>=e<sup>i1</sup>+e<sup>i2</sup>+...)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"stde"),subdirf2(fileres,"stde"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age. Status (i) based health expectancies (in state j), eij are weighted by the period prevalences in each state i (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences (i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
            estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"v"),subdirf2(fileres,"v"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Total life expectancy and total health expectancies to be spent in each health state e<sup>.j</sup> with their standard errors: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"t"),subdirf2(fileres,"t"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
            subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"));
   
   /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   /*  else  */
   /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
    fflush(fichtm);
    fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
    m=cptcoveff;
    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
    jj1=0;
    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
   prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br>\
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1);  
        }
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
   health expectancies in states (1) and (2): %s%d.png<br>\
   <img src=\"%s%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1);
      } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
    fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
   /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
    /* 1eme*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
      for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
   set ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter png small\n\
   set size 0.65,0.65\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
   
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Period (stable) prevalence\" w l 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        } 
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1); 
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        }  
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",subdirf2(fileres,"p"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
      }
     }
     /*2 eme*/
     
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),k1);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
       
       for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
         k=2*i;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
         else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
         else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
       }
     }
     
     /*3eme*/
     
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         /*       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2); */
         k=2+(nlstate+1)*(cpt-1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\n\
   set size 0.65,0.65\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
         /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           
         */
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);
           /*      fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);*/
           
         } 
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d.\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+nlstate,cpt);
       }
     }
     
     /* CV preval stable (period) */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         k=3;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n\
   unset log y\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
         
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
         
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
         }
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
       } 
     }  
     
     /* proba elementaires */
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) {
           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
             jk++; 
             fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
      }
   
      for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
        for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jk,ng); 
          if (ng==2)
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
          else
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
          i=1;
          for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
            k3=i;
            for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
              if (k != k2){
                if(ng==2)
                  fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                else
                  fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                ij=1;
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                    ij++;
                  }
                  else
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                }
                fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
                
                for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                  ij=1;
                  for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                    if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                      ij++;
                    }
                    else
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                  }
                  fprintf(ficgp,")");
                }
                fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
                if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
                i=i+ncovmodel;
              }
            } /* end k */
          } /* end k2 */
        } /* end jk */
      } /* end ng */
      fflush(ficgp); 
   }  /* end gnuplot */
   
   
   /*************** Moving average **************/
   int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
   
     int i, cpt, cptcod;
     int modcovmax =1;
     int mobilavrange, mob;
     double age;
   
     modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
                              a covariate has 2 modalities */
     if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
   
     if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
       if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
       else mobilavrange=mobilav;
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
         for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
             mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
       /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
          fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
          we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
       */ 
       for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
         for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
           for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                 for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
                   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
                   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
                 }
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
             }
           }
         }/* end age */
       }/* end mob */
     }else return -1;
     return 0;
   }/* End movingaverage */
   
   
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
   prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
     int *popage;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
    
     strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileres);
     if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
   
   /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
             fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
         }
         for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
   
           for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
                 for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
                   fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
                 fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 ppij=0.;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                   if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
                     fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
                   }
                 } /* end i */
                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
                   fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
                 }
               }/* end j */
             } /* end h */
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           } /* end agec */
         } /* end yearp */
       } /* end cptcod */
     } /* end  cptcov */
          
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     fclose(ficresf);
   }
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
     
     int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
     int *popage;
     double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     agelim=AGESUP;
     calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
     
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     
     
     strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     strcat(filerespop,fileres);
     if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     
     agelim=AGESUP;
     
     hstepm=1;
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     
     if (popforecast==1) {
       if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
       } 
       popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
       popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
       popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
       
       i=1;   
       while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
      
       imx=i;
       for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
         if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
         
         for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
                   tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
                     /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
                       if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                 }
               }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
                   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                     kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                   }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
   
               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
    
     /******/
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
               }
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
      } 
     }
    
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficrespop);
   } /* End of popforecast */
   
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   
   
   /**************** function prwizard **********************/
   void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
   
     /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     int i,j, k, l, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     } /* end itimes */
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz(double x[])
   { 
     double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
    
     return -2*L*num/sump;
   }
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtmlmort(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,  double p[],double **matcov,double agemortsup){
     int i,k;
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
     fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
     for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
       fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.png\">");
     fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Life table</h4>\n <br>");
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\nAge   l<inf>x</inf>     q<inf>x</inf> d(x,x+1)    L<inf>x</inf>     T<inf>x</inf>     e<infx</inf><br>");
   
    for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
      fprintf(fichtm,"%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf<br>\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
   
    
     fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplotmort(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
   
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
   
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.png\"\n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set ter png small\n set log y\n"); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
   
   } 
   
   
   
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
     int linei, month, year,iout;
     int jj, ll, li, lj, lk, imk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     int itimes;
     int NDIM=2;
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     char dummy[]="                         ";
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     struct stat info;
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE],model[MAXLINE];
     char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE]; 
     char **bp, *tok, *val; /* pathtot */
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     int agemortsup;
     float  sumlpop=0.;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
     char  *strt, strtend[80];
     char *stratrunc;
     int lstra;
   
     long total_usecs;
    
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
     curr_time=start_time;
     tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tm));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       fgets(pathr,FILENAMELENGTH,stdin);
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(pathr[i-1]=='\n')
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
      for (tok = pathr; tok != NULL; ){
         printf("Pathr |%s|\n",pathr);
         while ((val = strsep(&tok, "\"" )) != NULL && *val == '\0');
         printf("val= |%s| pathr=%s\n",val,pathr);
         strcpy (pathtot, val);
         if(pathr[0] == '\0') break; /* Dirty */
       }
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     /* Split argv[0], imach program to get pathimach */
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s argv[1]=%s, \n",argv[0],argv[1]);
     split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s pathimach=%s, \noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
    /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
     /* Split argv[1]=pathtot, parameter file name to get path, optionfile, extension and name */
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\npathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if(getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
       printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Problem creating directory or it already exists %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
   
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
       exit(0);
     }
     else if(mle==-3) {
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }
     else{
       /* Read guess parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n \
   It might be a problem of design; if ncovcol and the model are correct\n \
   run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       p=param[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%s",str);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
       strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
       strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     linei=0;
     while ((fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL) &&((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs))) {
       linei=linei+1;
       for(j=strlen(line); j>=0;j--){  /* Untabifies line */
         if(line[j] == '\t')
           line[j] = ' ';
       }
       for(j=strlen(line)-1; (line[j]==' ')||(line[j]==10)||(line[j]==13);j--){
         ;
       };
       line[j+1]=0;  /* Trims blanks at end of line */
       if(line[0]=='#'){
         fprintf(ficlog,"Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         printf("Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         continue;
       }
   
       for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         errno=0;
         lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
         /*        if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
         if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
           printf("Error reading data around '%d' at line number %d %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);
           exit(1);
         }
         s[j][i]=lval;
         
         strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
         if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year) != 0){
         }
         else  if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.") != 0){
           month=99;
           year=9999;
         }else{
           printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);
           exit(1);
         }
         anint[j][i]= (double) year; 
         mint[j][i]= (double)month; 
         strcpy(line,stra);
       } /* ENd Waves */
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year) != 0){
       }
       else  if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         exit(1);
       }
       andc[i]=(double) year; 
       moisdc[i]=(double) month; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year) != 0){
       }
       else  if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.") != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line,j);
         exit(1);
       }
       annais[i]=(double)(year);
       moisnais[i]=(double)(month); 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       errno=0;
       dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
       if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
         printf("Error reading data around '%f' at line number %ld, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         exit(1);
       }
       weight[i]=dval; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         errno=0;
         lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
         if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
           printf("Error reading data around '%d' at line number %ld %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covar (meaning 0 for the reference or 1).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);
           exit(1);
         }
         if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
           printf("Error reading data around '%d' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
           exit(1);
         }
         covar[j][i]=(double)(lval);
         strcpy(line,stra);
       } 
       lstra=strlen(stra);
       
       if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
         stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
         num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
       }
       else
         num[i]=atol(stra);
       /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
         printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
       
       i=i+1;
     } /* End loop reading  data */
     fclose(fic);
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) */
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameters from char model */
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           nberr++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n",\
             optionfilehtmcov,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Parameter file: <a href=\"%s.%s\">%s.%s</a><br>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             optionfilehtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             optionfilefiname,optionfilext,optionfilefiname,optionfilext,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
             imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
   
     if (mle==-3){
       ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
       cens=ivector(1,n);
       ageexmed=vector(1,n);
       agecens=vector(1,n);
       dcwave=ivector(1,n);
    
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         dcwave[i]=-1;
         for (m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++)
           if (s[m][i]>nlstate) {
             dcwave[i]=m;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];
           agecens[i]=1.; 
   
           if (ageexmed[i]> 1 && wav[i] > 0){
             agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
             cens[i]= 1;
           }else if (ageexmed[i]< 1) 
             cens[i]= -1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP && agedc[i]>1 && dcwave[i]>firstpass && dcwave[i]<=lastpass)
             cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
       
       p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083;
       /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
       
       
       printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
       strcpy(filerespow,"pow-mort"); 
       strcat(filerespow,fileres);
       if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       }
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
       /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
           if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       */
       fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
       
       powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, p, NDIM, delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
           printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) 
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
   
       lsurv=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       tpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lsurv[agegomp]=100000;
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<=AGESUP;k++) {
         agemortsup=k;
         if (p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp))>1) break;
       }
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++)
         lsurv[k+1]=lsurv[k]-lsurv[k]*(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)));
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++){
         lpop[k]=(lsurv[k]+lsurv[k+1])/2.;
         sumlpop=sumlpop+lpop[k];
       }
       
       tpop[agegomp]=sumlpop;
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-3);k++){
         /*  tpop[k+1]=2;*/
         tpop[k+1]=tpop[k]-lpop[k];
       }
       
       
       printf("\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)\n");
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
         printf("%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
       
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplotmort(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtmlmort(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
       
       free_vector(lsurv,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(lpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(tpop,1,AGESUP);
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 */
     
     else{ /* For mle >=1 */
     
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
       
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           if (k != i) {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%lf ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%lf ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%lf ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       if(mle!=0){
         /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
         ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
         hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if (j!=i) {
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       if(mle>=1)
         printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
       /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
       /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
       */
       for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
         jj=0;
         for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             if(j==i) continue;
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               jj++;
               ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
               if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       estepm=0;
       fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
       if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
       if (fage <= 2) {
         bage = ageminpar;
         fage = agemaxpar;
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
       fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
       fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       
       dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
       dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
       fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
       
       
       
       /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
       /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplot(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
         
      /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
      /*  chdir(path); */
    
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
       free_lvector(num,1,n);
       free_vector(agedc,1,n);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
   
   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
       strcat(filerespl,fileres);
       if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       pstamp(ficrespl);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"# Period (stable) prevalence \n");
       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
       agebase=ageminpar;
       agelim=agemaxpar;
       ftolpl=1.e-10;
       i1=cptcoveff;
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
           printf("\n#******");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
           printf("******\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
           for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
             for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
       pstamp(ficrespij);
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
           for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
             /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                   fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
               fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
   
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
   
       fclose(ficrespij);
   
       probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=NCOVMAX;j++)
           for(k=1;k<=NCOVMAX;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
   
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
       if(prevfcast==1){
         /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
         /*      }  */
         /*      else{ */
         /*        erreur=108; */
         /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*      } */
       }
     
   
       /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
       strcpy(filerest,"t");
       strcat(filerest,fileres);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
       strcpy(filerese,"e");
       strcat(filerese,fileres);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
       strcpy(fileresstde,"stde");
       strcat(fileresstde,fileres);
       if((ficresstdeij=fopen(fileresstde,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
   
       strcpy(filerescve,"cve");
       strcat(filerescve,fileres);
       if((ficrescveij=fopen(filerescve,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Covar. Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Covar. Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Covar. of Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Covar. of Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
   
       strcpy(fileresv,"v");
       strcat(fileresv,fileres);
       if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
       /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
       prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
           ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       */
   
       if (mobilav!=0) {
         mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
           fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         }
       }
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1; 
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n#****** ");
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficresstdeij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficrescveij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"******\n");
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
           eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, strstart);  
           cvevsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart);  
    
           vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav, strstart);
           if(popbased==1){
             varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav, strstart);
           }
   
           pstamp(ficrest);
           fprintf(ficrest,"# Total life expectancy with std error and decomposition into time to be expected in each health state\n# Age ( e.. (std) ");
           for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
           epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
           for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             if (popbased==1) {
               if(mobilav ==0){
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
               }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
               }
             }
           
             fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
             for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
               for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
                 epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
                 /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
               }
               epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
             }
   
             for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                 vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
             }
             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
         }
       }
       free_vector(weight,1,n);
       free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
       free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
       free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_ivector(cod,1,n);
       free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       fclose(ficreseij);
       fclose(ficresstdeij);
       fclose(ficrescveij);
       fclose(ficresvij);
       fclose(ficrest);
       fclose(ficpar);
     
       /*------- Variance of period (stable) prevalence------*/   
   
       strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
       strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
       if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance of period (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
         exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
           varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k,strstart);
           free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         }
       }
   
       fclose(ficresvpl);
   
       /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
       if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
     free_matrix(prlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
       free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
       /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
       free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
   
       free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
       free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
       free_imatrix(nbcode,0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
       free_imatrix(codtab,1,100,1,10);
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
   
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&tm));
     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
   
     printf("Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
   
      printf("Before Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
      if(chdir(pathcd) != 0)
       printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n",path);
     if(getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0)
       printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     /*strcat(plotcmd,CHARSEPARATOR);*/
     sprintf(plotcmd,"gnuplot");
   #ifndef UNIX
     sprintf(plotcmd,"\"%sgnuplot.exe\"",pathimach);
   #endif
     if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
       printf("Error gnuplot program not found: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       if(!stat(getenv("GNUPLOTBIN"),&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: %s Environment GNUPLOTBIN not set.\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #ifdef UNIX
       strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
       if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #endif
     }else
       strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
     
     sprintf(plotcmd,"%s %s",pplotcmd, optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
   
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf("\n Problem with gnuplot\n");
     }
     printf(" Wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') {
         printf("Starting browser with: %s",optionfilehtm);fflush(stdout);
         system(optionfilehtm);
       }
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
   }
   
   
   

Removed from v.1.4  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.126


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