Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.50 and 1.63

version 1.50, 2002/06/26 23:25:02 version 1.63, 2002/11/20 17:35:59
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain     Interpolated Markov Chain
   
   Short summary of the programme:    Short summary of the programme:
      
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
   convergence.    convergence.
   
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.      account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,    states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   hPijx.    hPijx.
   
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
      
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
   from the European Union.    from the European Union.
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
   **********************************************************************/    **********************************************************************/
     
 #include <math.h>  #include <math.h>
 #include <stdio.h>  #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>  #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>  #include <unistd.h>
   
 #define MAXLINE 256  #define MAXLINE 256
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80  #define FILENAMELENGTH 80
 /*#define DEBUG*/  /*#define DEBUG*/
 #define windows  #define windows
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
   
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   
 #define NINTERVMAX 8  #define NINTERVMAX 8
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
 #define MAXN 20000  #define MAXN 20000
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
 #define AGESUP 130  #define AGESUP 130
 #define AGEBASE 40  #define AGEBASE 40
 #ifdef windows  #ifdef windows
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
 #else  #else
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 #endif  #endif
   
 char version[80]="Imach version 0.8i, June 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";  char version[80]="Imach version 0.9, November 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";
 int erreur; /* Error number */  int erreur; /* Error number */
 int nvar;  int nvar;
 int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
 int npar=NPARMAX;  int npar=NPARMAX;
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 int popbased=0;  int popbased=0;
   
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 int mle, weightopt;  int mle, weightopt;
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
 FILE *ficlog;  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 FILE *ficresprobmorprev;  FILE *ficlog;
 FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
 FILE *ficreseij;  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
 char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];  FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */
 FILE  *ficresvij;  FILE *ficreseij;
 char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
 FILE  *ficresvpl;  FILE  *ficresvij;
 char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char title[MAXLINE];  FILE  *ficresvpl;
 char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];  char title[MAXLINE];
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */  
 char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
 char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
 #define NR_END 1  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define FREE_ARG char*  
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10  #define NR_END 1
   #define FREE_ARG char*
 #define NRANSI  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
 #define ITMAX 200  
   #define NRANSI 
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  #define ITMAX 200 
   
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
   #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
 #define GOLD 1.618034  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  
 #define TINY 1.0e-20  #define GOLD 1.618034 
   #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
    #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    
   #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
 static double sqrarg;  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  static double sqrarg;
   #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
 int imx;  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
 int stepm;  
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  int imx; 
   int stepm;
 int estepm;  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/  
   int estepm;
 int m,nb;  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  int m,nb;
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
 double dateintmean=0;  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   double **pmmij, ***probs;
 double *weight;  double dateintmean=0;
 int **s; /* Status */  
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  double *weight;
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  int **s; /* Status */
   double *agedc, **covar, idx;
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  
   double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
 /**************** split *************************/  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )  
 {  /**************** split *************************/
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  {
     char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  
    s= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
       extern char       *getwd( );        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
   #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {      extern char *getwd( );
 #else  
       extern char       *getcwd( );      if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {
   #else
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {      extern char *getcwd( );
 #endif  
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
       }  #endif
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */      }
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */      strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
    }      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
 #ifdef windows    }
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
 #else  #ifdef windows
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
 #endif  #else
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
    s++;  #endif
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
    l1= strlen( name);    ss++;
    l2= strlen( s)+1;    strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);    l1= strlen( name);
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;    l2= strlen(ss)+1;
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
 }    finame[l1-l2]= 0;
     return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
   }
 /******************************************/  
   
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  /******************************************/
 {  
   int i;  void replace(char *s, char*t)
   int lg=20;  {
   i=0;    int i;
   lg=strlen(t);    int lg=20;
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    i=0;
     (s[i] = t[i]);    lg=strlen(t);
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   }      (s[i] = t[i]);
 }      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
     }
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  }
 {  
   int i,j=0;  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
   int lg=20;  {
   i=0;    int i,j=0;
   lg=strlen(s);    int lg=20;
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    i=0;
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;    lg=strlen(s);
   }    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   return j;    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
 }    }
     return j;
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  }
 {  
   /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
      and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)  {
      gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
   int i,lg,j,p=0;       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
   i=0;       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {    int i,lg,j,p=0;
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;    i=0;
   }    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
       if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
   lg=strlen(t);    }
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  
     (u[j] = t[j]);    lg=strlen(t);
   }    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
      u[p]='\0';      (u[j] = t[j]);
     }
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {       u[p]='\0';
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  
   }     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
 }      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
     }
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  }
   
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  /********************** nrerror ********************/
 {  
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  void nrerror(char error_text[])
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  {
   exit(1);    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
 }    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
 /*********************** vector *******************/    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)  }
 {  /*********************** vector *******************/
   double *v;  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  {
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    double *v;
   return v-nl+NR_END;    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 }    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
 /************************ free vector ******************/  }
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  
 {  /************************ free vector ******************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
 }  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 /************************ivector *******************************/  }
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)  
 {  /************************ivector *******************************/
   int *v;  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  {
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");    int *v;
   return v-nl+NR_END;    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
 }    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
 /******************free ivector **************************/  }
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)  
 {  /******************free ivector **************************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
 }  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/  }
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
 {  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
   int **m;  { 
      long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
   /* allocate pointers to rows */    int **m; 
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));    
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
   m += NR_END;    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
   m -= nrl;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
      m += NR_END; 
      m -= nrl; 
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */    
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
      m[nrl] += NR_END; 
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
      
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
   return m;    
 }    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
     return m; 
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/  } 
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)  
       int **m;  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */        int **m;
 {        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));  { 
 }    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
     free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  } 
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
 {  /******************* matrix *******************************/
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
   double **m;  {
     long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    double **m;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   m -= nrl;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
     m += NR_END;
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    m -= nrl;
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     m[nrl] += NR_END;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   return m;  
 }    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
     return m;
 /*************************free matrix ************************/  }
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
 {  /*************************free matrix ************************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  {
 }    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/  }
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  
 {  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
   double ***m;  {
     long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    double ***m;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   m -= nrl;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
     m += NR_END;
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    m -= nrl;
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     m[nrl] += NR_END;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;    
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
   }      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   return m;        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
 }    }
     return m;
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  }
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)  
 {  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  {
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
 }    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  }
 extern int ncom;  
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  /***************** f1dim *************************/
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  extern int ncom; 
    extern double *pcom,*xicom;
 double f1dim(double x)  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
 {   
   int j;  double f1dim(double x) 
   double f;  { 
   double *xt;    int j; 
      double f;
   xt=vector(1,ncom);    double *xt; 
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];   
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
   return f;    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
 }    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     return f; 
 /*****************brent *************************/  } 
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  
 {  /*****************brent *************************/
   int iter;  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   double a,b,d,etemp;  { 
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    int iter; 
   double ftemp;    double a,b,d,etemp;
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
   double e=0.0;    double ftemp;
      double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);    double e=0.0; 
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);   
   x=w=v=bx;    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {    x=w=v=bx; 
     xm=0.5*(a+b);    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
     fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
 #ifdef DEBUG      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  #ifdef DEBUG
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
 #endif      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
       *xmin=x;  #endif
       return fx;      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
     }        *xmin=x; 
     ftemp=fu;        return fx; 
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {      } 
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);      ftemp=fu;
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
       q=2.0*(q-r);        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
       q=fabs(q);        q=2.0*(q-r); 
       etemp=e;        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
       e=d;        q=fabs(q); 
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))        etemp=e; 
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));        e=d; 
       else {        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
         d=p/q;          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
         u=x+d;        else { 
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)          d=p/q; 
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);          u=x+d; 
       }          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
     } else {            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));        } 
     }      } else { 
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
     fu=(*f)(u);      } 
     if (fu <= fx) {      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;      fu=(*f)(u); 
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)      if (fu <= fx) { 
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
         } else {        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {          } else { 
             v=w;            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
             w=u;            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
             fv=fw;              v=w; 
             fw=fu;              w=u; 
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {              fv=fw; 
             v=u;              fw=fu; 
             fv=fu;            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
           }              v=u; 
         }              fv=fu; 
   }            } 
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");          } 
   *xmin=x;    } 
   return fx;    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
 }    *xmin=x; 
     return fx; 
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  } 
   
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
             double (*func)(double))  
 {  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;              double (*func)(double)) 
   double fu;  { 
      double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    double fu; 
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);   
   if (*fb > *fa) {    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)    if (*fb > *fa) { 
       }      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);        } 
   while (*fb > *fc) {    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);    while (*fb > *fc) { 
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
       fu=(*func)(u);      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
       fu=(*func)(u);        fu=(*func)(u); 
       if (fu < *fc) {      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))        fu=(*func)(u); 
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))        if (fu < *fc) { 
           }          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
       u=ulim;            } 
       fu=(*func)(u);      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
     } else {        u=ulim; 
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);        fu=(*func)(u); 
       fu=(*func)(u);      } else { 
     }        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)        fu=(*func)(u); 
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)      } 
       }      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
 }        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
         } 
 /*************** linmin ************************/  } 
   
 int ncom;  /*************** linmin ************************/
 double *pcom,*xicom;  
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);  int ncom; 
    double *pcom,*xicom;
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
 {   
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);  { 
   double f1dim(double x);    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    double f1dim(double x); 
   int j;    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
   double fx,fb,fa;    int j; 
      double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
   ncom=n;    double fx,fb,fa;
   pcom=vector(1,n);   
   xicom=vector(1,n);    ncom=n; 
   nrfunc=func;    pcom=vector(1,n); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    xicom=vector(1,n); 
     pcom[j]=p[j];    nrfunc=func; 
     xicom[j]=xi[j];    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   }      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
   ax=0.0;      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
   xx=1.0;    } 
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);    ax=0.0; 
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    xx=1.0; 
 #ifdef DEBUG    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);  #ifdef DEBUG
 #endif    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
     xi[j] *= xmin;  #endif
     p[j] += xi[j];    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   }      xi[j] *= xmin; 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);      p[j] += xi[j]; 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);    } 
 }    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
     free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
 /*************** powell ************************/  } 
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,  
             double (*func)(double []))  /*************** powell ************************/
 {  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,              double (*func)(double [])) 
               double (*func)(double []));  { 
   int i,ibig,j;    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;                double (*func)(double [])); 
   double fp,fptt;    int i,ibig,j; 
   double *xits;    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
   pt=vector(1,n);    double fp,fptt;
   ptt=vector(1,n);    double *xits;
   xit=vector(1,n);    pt=vector(1,n); 
   xits=vector(1,n);    ptt=vector(1,n); 
   *fret=(*func)(p);    xit=vector(1,n); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    xits=vector(1,n); 
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    *fret=(*func)(p); 
     fp=(*fret);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
     ibig=0;    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
     del=0.0;      fp=(*fret); 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);      ibig=0; 
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);      del=0.0; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
     fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) 
     printf("\n");        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");      fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {      printf("\n");
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fptt=(*fret);      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
 #ifdef DEBUG        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);        fptt=(*fret); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);  #ifdef DEBUG
 #endif        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);  #endif
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
         ibig=i;        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
       }          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
 #ifdef DEBUG          ibig=i; 
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));        } 
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));  #ifdef DEBUG
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
       }          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);        }
         fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       }          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
       printf("\n");          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        }
 #endif        printf("\n");
     }        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {  #endif
 #ifdef DEBUG      } 
       int k[2],l;      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
       k[0]=1;  #ifdef DEBUG
       k[1]=-1;        int k[2],l;
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));        k[0]=1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));        k[1]=-1;
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       }          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
       printf("\n");          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        }
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {        printf("\n");
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
           fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
         }            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));          }
       }          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
 #endif          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
         }
   #endif
       free_vector(xit,1,n);  
       free_vector(xits,1,n);  
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
       return;        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
     }        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");        return; 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      } 
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       pt[j]=p[j];        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
     }        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);        pt[j]=p[j]; 
     if (fptt < fp) {      } 
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
       if (t < 0.0) {      if (fptt < fp) { 
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        if (t < 0.0) { 
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         }            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
 #ifdef DEBUG            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);          }
         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);  #ifdef DEBUG
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++){          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
         }            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
         printf("\n");            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");          }
 #endif          printf("\n");
       }          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }  #endif
   }        }
 }      } 
     } 
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/  } 
   
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)  /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
 {  
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */  {
     /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
   int i, ii,j,k;       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;  
   double **matprod2();    int i, ii,j,k;
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
   double **newm;    double **matprod2();
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
     double **newm;
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     }      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
    cov[1]=1.;      }
    
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */     cov[1]=1.;
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){   
     newm=savm;   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
      cov[2]=agefin;      newm=savm;
        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {       cov[2]=agefin;
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
       }          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)        }
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/  
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
         /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
     savm=oldm;      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
     oldm=newm;  
     maxmax=0.;      savm=oldm;
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){      oldm=newm;
       min=1.;      maxmax=0.;
       max=0.;      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {        min=1.;
         sumnew=0;        max=0.;
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);          sumnew=0;
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
       }          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
       maxmin=max-min;          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);        }
     }        maxmin=max-min;
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
       return prlim;      }
     }      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
   }        return prlim;
 }      }
     }
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/  }
   
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
 {  
   double s1, s2;  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   /*double t34;*/  {
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;    double s1, s2;
     /*double t34;*/
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){  
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/          /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
       }          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       ps[i][j]=s2;          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/        }
     }        ps[i][j]=s2;
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){      }
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
       }          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       ps[i][j]=s2;          /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
     }        }
   }        ps[i][j]=s2;
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/      }
     }
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
      s1=0;  
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);       s1=0;
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   } /* end i */        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){    } /* end i */
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
       ps[ii][jj]=0;    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
       ps[ii][ii]=1;      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
     }        ps[ii][jj]=0;
   }        ps[ii][ii]=1;
       }
     }
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
    }      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
     printf("\n ");       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
     }     }
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/      printf("\n ");
 /*      }
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   goto end;*/  /*
     return ps;    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
 }    goto end;*/
       return ps;
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/  }
   
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
 {  
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */  {
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
   long i, j, k;       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)    long i, j, k;
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
         for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
   return out;          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
 }  
     return out;
   }
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/  
   
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
 {  
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
      duration (i.e. until  {
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month 
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step       duration (i.e. until
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
      included manually here.       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).
        Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
      */       included manually here. 
   
   int i, j, d, h, k;       */
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];  
   double **newm;    int i, j, d, h, k;
     double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    double **newm;
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)  
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     }        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){      }
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
       newm=savm;    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
       cov[1]=1.;        newm=savm;
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];        cov[1]=1.;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/  
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/  
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
       savm=oldm;        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
       oldm=newm;                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     }        savm=oldm;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)        oldm=newm;
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      }
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
          */          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
       }          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
   } /* end h */           */
   return po;        }
 }    } /* end h */
     return po;
   }
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/  
 double func( double *x)  
 {  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;  double func( double *x)
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];  {
   double **out;    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */    double **out;
   long ipmx;    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   /*extern weight */    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */    int s1, s2;
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/    double bbh;
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)    long ipmx;
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);    /*extern weight */
   */    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   cov[1]=1.;    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
     /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){    */
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];    cov[1]=1.;
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){    if(mle==1){
         newm=savm;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
         }            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
                      oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));            }
         savm=oldm;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
         oldm=newm;            newm=savm;
                    cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
                    for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       } /* end mult */              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
                  }
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);          
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       ipmx +=1;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       sw += weight[i];            savm=oldm;
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;            oldm=newm;
     } /* end of wave */          
   } /* end of individual */          
           } /* end mult */
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];        
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
   return -l;           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
 }           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
            * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
            * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
            * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
 {           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
   int i,j, iter;           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
   double **xi,*delti;           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   double fret;           */
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm;
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
   printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");          /*      lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);  
           lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));  
   fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));          /*lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.-bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
           /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
 }          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
           ipmx +=1;
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/          sw += weight[i];
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
 {        } /* end of wave */
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;      } /* end of individual */
   double **hess;    }  else{ 
   int i, j,jk;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   int *indx;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             }
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
             newm=savm;
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);            }
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);          
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/            savm=oldm;
   }            oldm=newm;
            } /* end mult */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {        
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
       if (j>i) {          ipmx +=1;
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);          sw += weight[i];
         fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);        } /* end of wave */
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];          } /* end of individual */
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/    } /* End of if */
       }    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
     }    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
   }    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
   printf("\n");    return -l;
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  }
   
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
    
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  {
   x=vector(1,npar);    int i,j, iter;
   indx=ivector(1,npar);    double **xi,*delti;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    double fret;
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
       for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
     x[j]=1;    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){     printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];    fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
     }    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   }  
   }
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  {
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);    double **hess;
     }    int i, j,jk;
     printf("\n");    int *indx;
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
   }    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
     double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
   /* Recompute Inverse */    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];  
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
     x[j]=1;      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
       y[i][j]=x[i];      /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);    }
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);    
     }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
     printf("\n");      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        if (j>i) { 
   }          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
   */          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
           hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
   free_vector(x,1,npar);        }
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);      }
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);    }
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 }  
     printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])    
 {    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   int i;    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   int l=1, lmax=20;    x=vector(1,npar);
   double k1,k2;    indx=ivector(1,npar);
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   double res;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   double fx;  
   int k=0,kmax=10;    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
   double l1;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
       x[j]=1;
   fx=func(x);      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
     l1=pow(10,l);      }
     delts=delt;    }
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){  
       delt = delta*(l1*k);    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
       k1=func(p2)-fx;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
       k2=func(p2)-fx;        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */      }
            printf("\n");
 #ifdef DEBUG      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);    }
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);  
 #endif    /* Recompute Inverse */
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
         k=kmax;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
       }  
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;  
       }    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
         delts=delt;      x[j]=1;
       }      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   }        y[i][j]=x[i];
   delti[theta]=delts;        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
   return res;        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
        }
 }      printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)    }
 {    */
   int i;  
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];    free_vector(x,1,npar);
   int k;    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
     free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
   fx=func(x);  
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  }
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;  
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
     k1=func(p2)-fx;  double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
    {
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    int i;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;    int l=1, lmax=20;
     k2=func(p2)-fx;    double k1,k2;
      double p2[NPARMAX+1];
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;    double res;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;    double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
     k3=func(p2)-fx;    double fx;
      int k=0,kmax=10;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;    double l1;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  
     k4=func(p2)-fx;    fx=func(x);
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
 #ifdef DEBUG    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);      l1=pow(10,l);
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);      delts=delt;
 #endif      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
   }        delt = delta*(l1*k);
   return res;        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
 }        k1=func(p2)-fx;
         p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/        k2=func(p2)-fx;
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
 {        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
   int i,imax,j,k;        
   double big,dum,sum,temp;  #ifdef DEBUG
   double *vv;        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
          fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   vv=vector(1,n);  #endif
   *d=1.0;        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
     big=0.0;          k=kmax;
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)        }
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
     vv[i]=1.0/big;        }
   }        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {          delts=delt;
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {        }
       sum=a[i][j];      }
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];    }
       a[i][j]=sum;    delti[theta]=delts;
     }    return res; 
     big=0.0;    
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {  }
       sum=a[i][j];  
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  {
       a[i][j]=sum;    int i;
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
         big=dum;    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
         imax=i;    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
       }    int k;
     }  
     if (j != imax) {    fx=func(x);
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
         dum=a[imax][k];      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
         a[j][k]=dum;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       }      k1=func(p2)-fx;
       *d = -(*d);    
       vv[imax]=vv[j];      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
     }      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
     indx[j]=imax;      k2=func(p2)-fx;
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;    
     if (j != n) {      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;      k3=func(p2)-fx;
     }    
   }      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
 ;      k4=func(p2)-fx;
 }      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
   #ifdef DEBUG
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
 {      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;  #endif
   double sum;    }
      return res;
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  }
     ip=indx[i];  
     sum=b[ip];  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
     b[ip]=b[i];  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
     if (ii)  { 
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];    int i,imax,j,k; 
     else if (sum) ii=i;    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
     b[i]=sum;    double *vv; 
   }   
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {    vv=vector(1,n); 
     sum=b[i];    *d=1.0; 
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];      big=0.0; 
   }      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
 }        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
       if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
 /************ Frequencies ********************/      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)    } 
 {  /* Some frequencies */    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
        for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;        sum=a[i][j]; 
   int first;        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */        a[i][j]=sum; 
   double *pp;      } 
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;      big=0.0; 
   FILE *ficresp;      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];        sum=a[i][j]; 
          for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        a[i][j]=sum; 
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);          big=dum; 
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {          imax=i; 
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);        } 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);      } 
     exit(0);      if (j != imax) { 
   }        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);          dum=a[imax][k]; 
   j1=0;          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
            a[j][k]=dum; 
   j=cptcoveff;        } 
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        *d = -(*d); 
         vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
   first=1;      } 
       indx[j]=imax; 
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){      if (j != n) { 
       j1++;        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
         scanf("%d", i);*/      } 
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)      } 
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)      free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)  ;
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;  } 
        
       dateintsum=0;  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
       k2cpt=0;  { 
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
         bool=1;    double sum; 
         if  (cptcovn>0) {   
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])      ip=indx[i]; 
               bool=0;      sum=b[ip]; 
         }      b[ip]=b[i]; 
         if (bool==1) {      if (ii) 
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);      else if (sum) ii=i; 
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {      b[i]=sum; 
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;    } 
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
               if (m<lastpass) {      sum=b[i]; 
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
               }    } 
                } 
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {  
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;  /************ Frequencies ********************/
                 k2cpt++;  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)
               }  {  /* Some frequencies */
             }    
           }    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
         }    int first;
       }    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
            double *pp;
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
     FILE *ficresp;
       if  (cptcovn>0) {    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");    
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");    probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       }    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
            fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){      exit(0);
         if(i==(int)agemax+3){    }
           fprintf(ficlog,"Total");    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
         }else{    j1=0;
           if(first==1){    
             first=0;    j=cptcoveff;
             printf("See log file for details...\n");    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
           }  
           fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);    first=1;
         }  
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];        j1++;
         }        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          scanf("%d", i);*/
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
             if(first==1){              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);        
             }        dateintsum=0;
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);        k2cpt=0;
           }else{        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
             if(first==1)          bool=1;
               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);          if  (cptcovn>0) {
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
           }              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
         }                bool=0;
           }
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          if (bool==1){
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
         }              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
                 if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
           pos += pp[jk];                if (m<lastpass) {
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
           if(pos>=1.e-5){                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];
             if(first==1)                }
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);                
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {
           }else{                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
             if(first==1)                  k2cpt++;
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);                }
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);              }
           }            }
           if( i <= (int) agemax){          }
             if(pos>=1.e-5){        }
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);         
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;        fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/  
             }        if  (cptcovn>0) {
             else          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           }          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
         }        }
                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {        
             if(first==1)        for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){
               printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);          if(i==(int)agemax+3){
               fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
             }          }else{
         if(i <= (int) agemax)            if(first==1){
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");              first=0;
         if(first==1)              printf("See log file for details...\n");
           printf("Others in log...\n");            }
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
       }          }
     }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   }            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
            }
   fclose(ficresp);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
              if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
   /* End of Freq */              if(first==1){
 }              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
               }
 /************ Prevalence ********************/              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)            }else{
 {  /* Some frequencies */              if(first==1)
                  printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */            }
   double *pp;          }
   double pos, k2;  
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
            }
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);  
   j1=0;          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)
              pos += pp[jk];
   j=cptcoveff;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}            if(pos>=1.e-5){
                if(first==1)
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
       j1++;            }else{
                    if(first==1)
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)                  printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)                fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)            }
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;            if( i <= (int) agemax){
                    if(pos>=1.e-5){
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);
         bool=1;                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)              }
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])              else
               bool=0;                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);
         }            }
         if (bool==1) {          }
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){          
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;              if(first==1)
               if (m<lastpass) {                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
                 if (calagedate>0)                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];              }
                 else          if(i <= (int) agemax)
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];          if(first==1)
               }            printf("Others in log...\n");
             }          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           }        }
         }      }
       }    }
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){   
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)    fclose(ficresp);
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
         }    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)    /* End of Freq */
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];  }
         }  
          /************ Prevalence ********************/
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  {  /* Some frequencies */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];   
         }    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
            double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];    double *pp;
            double pos, k2;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      
           if( i <= (int) agemax){    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
             if(pos>=1.e-5){    
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
             }    j1=0;
           }    
         }/* end jk */    j=cptcoveff;
       }/* end i */    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     } /* end i1 */    
   } /* end k1 */    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
          j1++;
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);        
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
            for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
 }  /* End of Freq */            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
               freq[i][jk][m]=0;
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/       
         for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)          bool=1;
 {          if  (cptcovn>0) {
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i                bool=0;
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]          } 
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.          if (bool==1) { 
      */            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
               k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
   int i, mi, m;              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
   int first;                if (m<lastpass) {
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;                  if (calagedate>0) 
   double sum=0.;                    freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];
   first=0;                  else
   jmin=1e+5;                    freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   jmax=-1;                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i]; 
   jmean=0.;                }
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){              }
     mi=0;            }
     m=firstpass;          }
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){        }
       if(s[m][i]>=1)        for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){ 
         mw[++mi][i]=m;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       if(m >=lastpass)            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
         break;              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
       else          }
         m++;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     }/* end while */            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */          }
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */          
          /* Only death is a correct wave */          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       mw[mi][i]=m;            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
     }              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
           }
     wav[i]=mi;          
     if(mi==0){          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];
       if(first==0){          
         printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    
         first=1;            if( i <= (int) agemax){
       }              if(pos>=1.e-5){
       if(first==1){                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);              }
       }            }
     } /* end mi==0 */          }/* end jk */
   }        }/* end i */
       } /* end i1 */
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){    } /* end k1 */
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){  
       if (stepm <=0)    
         dh[mi][i]=1;    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
       else{    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {    
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {  }  /* End of Freq */
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);  
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
           k=k+1;  
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;  {
           sum=sum+j;    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
           }       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
         }       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
         else{       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));       */
           k=k+1;  
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    int i, mi, m;
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
           sum=sum+j;    int first;
         }    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
         jk= j/stepm;    double sum=0.;
         jl= j -jk*stepm;    first=0;
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;    jmin=1e+5;
         if(jl <= -ju)    jmax=-1;
           dh[mi][i]=jk;    jmean=0.;
         else    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;      mi=0;
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)      m=firstpass;
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
       }        if(s[m][i]>=1)
     }          mw[++mi][i]=m;
   }        if(m >=lastpass)
   jmean=sum/k;          break;
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);        else
   fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);          m++;
  }      }/* end while */
       if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
 {           /* Only death is a correct wave */
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;        mw[mi][i]=m;
   int cptcode=0;      }
   cptcoveff=0;  
        wav[i]=mi;
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;      if(mi==0){
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;        if(first==0){
           printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {          first=1;
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        }
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);        if(first==1){
       Ndum[ij]++;          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/        }
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;      } /* end mi==0 */
     }    }
   
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
     }        if (stepm <=0)
     ij=1;          dh[mi][i]=1;
         else{
           if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {            j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {            if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;            k=k+1;
                      if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
           ij++;            if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
         }            sum=sum+j;
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;            /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */
       }              }
     }          }
   }            else{
             j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;            k=k+1;
             if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
    ij=Tvar[i];            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
    Ndum[ij]++;            sum=sum+j;
  }          }
           jk= j/stepm;
  ij=1;          jl= j -jk*stepm;
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){          if(jl <= -ju){
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;            dh[mi][i]=jk;
      ij++;            bh[mi][i]=jl;
    }          }
  }          else{
              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
  cptcoveff=ij-1;            bh[mi][i]=ju;
 }          }
           if(dh[mi][i]==0){
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/            dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
             bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )            printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);
           }
 {          if(i==298 || i==287 || i==763 ||i==1061)printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm);
   /* Health expectancies */        }
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;      }
   double age, agelim, hf;    }
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;    jmean=sum/k;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
   double *xp;    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
   double **gp, **gm;   }
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;  
   int theta;  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
   void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);  {
   xp=vector(1,npar);    
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    int cptcode=0;
      cptcoveff=0; 
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");   
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
                                  modality*/ 
   if(estepm < stepm){        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
   }        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
   else  hstepm=estepm;          if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them      }
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear  
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months      }
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear  
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise      ij=1; 
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
         for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim            /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.            
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size            ij++;
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */          }
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it        }  
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if      } 
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same    }  
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.  
   */   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */  
    for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
   agelim=AGESUP;     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */     ij=Tvar[i];
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */     Ndum[ij]++;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);   }
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */  
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/   ij=1;
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);       ij++;
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);     }
    }
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored   
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);    }
    
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */  
   void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */  
   {
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    /* Health expectancies */
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    double age, agelim, hf;
       }    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      double **dnewm,**doldm;
      double *xp;
       cptj=0;    double **gp, **gm;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){    int theta;
           cptj=cptj+1;  
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;    xp=vector(1,npar);
           }    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
         }    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);
       }    
          fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
          fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
          fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
       cptj=0;  
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    if(estepm < stepm){
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
           cptj=cptj+1;    }
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    else  hstepm=estepm;   
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
           }     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
         }     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
       }     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)     * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
         }     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      }     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
         * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
 /* End theta */  
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
             survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;    */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);  
      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);    agelim=AGESUP;
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       }      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);
     }      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
     /* Computing expectancies */      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
             
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/  
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
         }  
       /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );  
     cptj=0;       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         cptj++;        }
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       }    
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");        cptj=0;
            for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);            cptj=cptj+1;
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            }
   }          }
   printf("\n");        }
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");       
        
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);        
 }        cptj=0;
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
 /************ Variance ******************/          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
 void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased)            cptj=cptj+1;
 {            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   /* Variance of health expectancies */              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/            }
   /* double **newm;*/          }
   double **dnewm,**doldm;        }
   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   int k, cptcode;            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
   double *xp;          }
   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */       } 
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */     
   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */  /* End theta */
   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */  
   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
   double ***p3mat;  
   double age,agelim, hf;       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
   int theta;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)
   char digit[4];          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   char digitp[16];            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
        
   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];  
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)
   if(popbased==1)        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)
     strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-");          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   else  
     strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
        fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
   strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev");       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
   sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
   /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not */          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)
   if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);        }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);      }
   }      /* Computing expectancies */
   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){            
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);  /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);          }
   }    
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {      cptj=0;
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
     exit(0);          cptj++;
   }          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
   else{        }
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   }     
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);
     exit(0);      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
   }      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   else{    }
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing step probabilities of dying and weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");    printf("\n");
   }    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  }
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);  
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");  /************ Variance ******************/
   void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
   xp=vector(1,npar);  {
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    /* Variance of health expectancies */
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
   dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);    /* double **newm;*/
   doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
   gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
   gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    int k, cptcode;
   gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    double *xp;
   trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
      double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
   if(estepm < stepm){    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
   }    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
   else  hstepm=estepm;      double ***p3mat;
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */    double age,agelim, hf;
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.    double ***mobaverage;
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim    int theta;
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.    char digit[4];
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size    char digitp[25];
      and note for a fixed period like k years */  
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it  
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if    if(popbased==1){
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same      if(mobilav!=0)
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
   */      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */    }
   agelim = AGESUP;    else 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */    if (mobilav!=0) {
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){  
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
       }    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
     strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
       if (popbased==1) {    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
       }    }
      printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         }      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
       }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
       for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    }  
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
           gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
       }          printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
       /* end force of mortality */      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
       exit(0);
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */    }
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    else{
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);        fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    }
      if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
       if (popbased==1) {      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];      exit(0);
       }    }
     else{
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s (à revoir) <br>\n",digitp);
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)    }
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         }  
       }    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
       /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
       for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
       }        fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
       /* end force of mortality */  
     xp=vector(1,npar);
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
         }    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */  
         gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       }    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     } /* End theta */    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */    if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */    }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    else  hstepm=estepm;   
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];       and note for a fixed period like k years */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){    agelim = AGESUP;
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       }      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     }      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   
     /* pptj */  
     matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)        }
         varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     /* end ppptj */        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    
     prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
     if (popbased==1) {            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
         prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
     }            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                  prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
     /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */          }
     for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        }
       for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)    
         gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     }              for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     /* end force of mortality */            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
               gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);          }
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        }
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));        /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){        for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);          for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
       }            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
     }        }    
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");        /* end force of mortality */
   
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
       }   
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");        if (popbased==1) {
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);          if(mobilav ==0){
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   } /* End age */              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);          }
   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        }
   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  
   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);          }
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);        }
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);        /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);        for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);          for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
         }    
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);        /* end force of mortality */
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
   free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);          }
   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
   fclose(ficgp);          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
   fclose(fichtm);        }
   
 }      } /* End theta */
   
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)  
 {      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   double **newm;            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
   int k, cptcode;        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   double *xp;          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
   double *gp, *gm;  
   double **gradg, **trgradg;      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   double age,agelim;      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   int theta;        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
              vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");  
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
           for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   xp=vector(1,npar);            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        }
        }
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */  
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */      /* pptj */
   agelim = AGESUP;      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);      /* end ppptj */
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
    
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){      if (popbased==1) {
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */        if(mobilav ==0){
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       }            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        }else{ /* mobilav */ 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */      }
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];        for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      }    
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];      /* end force of mortality */
     } /* End theta */  
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        }
       } 
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;  
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
         }
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);    } /* End age */
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   } /* End age */    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
 }    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
 void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);
 {    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,digitp,digit);
   int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;  */
   int k=0,l, cptcode;    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);
   int first=1, first1;  
   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2;    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   double *xp;    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   double *gp, *gm;    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   double **mu;    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
   int theta;    fclose(ficgp);
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];    fclose(fichtm);
   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];  }
   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];  
   /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
   double ***varpij;  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
   {
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {    double **newm;
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
   }    int k, cptcode;
   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov");    double *xp;
   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);    double *gp, *gm;
   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {    double **gradg, **trgradg;
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);    double age,agelim;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);    int theta;
   }     
   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor");    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   }  
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);    xp=vector(1,npar);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);    
   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
      agelim = AGESUP;
   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");      if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);        }
       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     }          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");          gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");      
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
   xp=vector(1,npar);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);  
   first=1;        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);      } /* End theta */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);  
     exit(0);      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   }  
   else{      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   }          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);        varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
     exit(0);      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   }      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
   else{      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");  
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
       free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
   }      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
        free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   cov[1]=1;    } /* End age */
   tj=cptcoveff;  
   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   j1=0;    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){  
       j1++;  }
        
       if  (cptcovn>0) {  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  {
         fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    int k=0,l, cptcode;
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");    int first=1, first1;
            double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
         fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");    double **dnewm,**doldm;
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    double *xp;
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");    double *gp, *gm;
            double **gradg, **trgradg;
            double **mu;
         fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
         fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");    int theta;
            char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");        char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");      
       }    double ***varpij;
        
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
         cov[2]=age;    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
         }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    }
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
            if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));    }
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));    strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
        strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
              }
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
              fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
           k=0;    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
               k=k+1;    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];    
             }    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
           }    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
        fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);  
           k=0;  
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
               k=k+1;        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
             }        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
           }      }  
          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];      fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
         }    xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
            first=1;
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
              fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);      exit(0);
            }
         k=0;    else{
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    }
             k=k+1;    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
           }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
         }      exit(0);
         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)    }
           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)    else{
             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);  
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));      fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
        fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");
      }*/  
     }
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);  
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);    cov[1]=1;
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);    tj=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)    j1=0;
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);        j1++;
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);        if  (cptcovn>0) {
         }          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         i=0;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");
           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
             i=i++;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);          
             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");
             }          
           }          
         }/* end of loop for state */          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
       } /* end of loop for age */          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */          
       /*          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");    
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");        }
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);        
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);          cov[2]=age;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
       */            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
           }
       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
       first1=1;          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
       for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
         for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){          
           if(l1==k1) continue;          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
             for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
               if(l2==k2) continue;      
               j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
               if(j<=i) continue;            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
                 if ((int)age %5==0){            
                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;            
                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;            k=0;
                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */                k=k+1;
                   lc1=(v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12));                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
                   lc2=(v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12));              }
                   if(first1==1){            }
                     first1=0;            
                     printf("Var %.4e %.4e cov %.4e Eigen %.3e %.3e\nOthers in log...\n",v1,v2,cv12,lc1,lc2);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
                   }              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Var %.4e %.4e cov %.4e Eigen %.3e %.3e\n",v1,v2,cv12,lc1,lc2);      
                   /* Eigen vectors */            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));            k=0;
                   v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11);            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
                   v12=-v21;              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                   v22=v11;                k=k+1;
                   /*printf(fignu*/                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */              }
                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v21*lc2*sin(t) */            }
                   if(first==1){       
                     first=0;            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;set nolabel");              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];  
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k2,l2,k1,l1);          }
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");  
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k2,l2,k1,l1,optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1,optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu2,mu1);          
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k2,l2,k1,l1);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
                     /*              fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) t \"%d\"",\          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \          free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),(int) age);          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
                     */          free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\          free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \  
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2));          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
                   }else{          
                     first=0;          k=0;
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k2,l2,k1,l1);          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu2,mu1);            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                     /*              k=k+1;
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) t \"%d\"",\              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \            }
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),(int) age);          }
                     */          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2));  
                   }/* if first */          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
                 } /* age mod 5 */            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
               } /* end loop age */            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
               first=1;            }*/
             } /*l12 */  
           } /* k12 */          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
         } /*l1 */          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
       }/* k1 */          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
     } /* loop covariates */  
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);          }
   }          i=0;
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
   fclose(ficresprob);            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
   fclose(ficresprobcov);              i=i++;
   fclose(ficresprobcor);              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
   fclose(ficgp);              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
   fclose(fichtm);              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
 }                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                 fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
               }
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/            }
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \          }/* end of loop for state */
                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\        } /* end of loop for age */
                   int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\  
                   int popforecast, int estepm ,\        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \        /*
                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
   }          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
         */
    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n  
  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n        first1=1;
  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months):          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
    <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \            if(l2==k2) continue;
   jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
             for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
 fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                 if(l1==k1) continue;
  m=cptcoveff;                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}                if(i<=j) continue;
                 for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
  jj1=0;                  if ((int)age %5==0){
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
      jj1++;                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
      if (cptcovn > 0) {                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
      }                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
      /* Pij */                    /* Eigen vectors */
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
 <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);                        /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
      /* Quasi-incidences */                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>                    v12=-v21;
 <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);                    v22=v11;
        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */                    tnalp=v21/v11;
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){                    if(first1==1){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>                      first1=0;
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
        }                    }
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>                    /*printf(fignu*/
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
      }                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and                    if(first==1){
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>                      first=0;
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
    } /* end i1 */                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
  }/* End k1 */                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
  - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n                    }else{
  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);                      first=0;
                       fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
  else                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);                    }/* if first */
 fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");                  } /* age mod 5 */
                 } /* end loop age */
  m=cptcoveff;                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}                first=1;
               } /*l12 */
  jj1=0;            } /* k12 */
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){          } /*l1 */
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        }/* k1 */
      jj1++;      } /* loop covariates */
      if (cptcovn > 0) {    }
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");    fclose(ficresprob);
      }    fclose(ficresprobcov);
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    fclose(ficresprobcor);
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident    fclose(ficgp);
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>    fclose(fichtm);
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);    }
      }  
    } /* end i1 */  
  }/* End k1 */  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
 fclose(fichtm);                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
 }                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
                     int popforecast, int estepm ,\
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
     int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;    /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
   int ng;    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {      printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);    }
   }  
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n
 #ifdef windows   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n
 #endif   - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): 
       <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
  /* 1eme*/    jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {  
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
 #ifdef windows   m=cptcoveff;
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  
 #endif   jj1=0;
 #ifdef unix   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres);       jj1++;
 #endif       if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
 }       }
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       /* Pij */
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);     
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");       /* Quasi-incidences */
 }       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1); 
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>
 }    <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));         }
 #ifdef unix       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n");          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>
 #endif  <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
    }       }
   }       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and
   /*2 eme*/  health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>
   <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {     } /* end i1 */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);   }/* End k1 */
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
      
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {  
       k=2*i;   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n
 }     - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n 
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);   - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {   if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");   - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");   - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n
 }            <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");   else 
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);     fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");   m=cptcoveff;
 }     if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");  
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");   jj1=0;
     }   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
   }     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
         jj1++;
   /*3eme*/       if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);       }
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");  interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);  <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);       }
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");     } /* end i1 */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);   }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
 */  fclose(fichtm);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {  }
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);  
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
       }  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
     }  
   }    int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
      int ng;
   /* CV preval stat */    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
       k=3;    }
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);  
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);    /*#ifdef windows */
       fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)      /*#endif */
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);    
         /* 1eme*/
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);  
       }       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);           if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     }         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   }         }
         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
   /* proba elementaires */       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
       if (k != i) {       } 
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1); 
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
           jk++;         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }       }  
       }       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
     }     }
    }    }
     /*2 eme*/
    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/    
      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng);      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);
        if (ng==2)      fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");      
        else      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");        k=2*i;
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
        i=1;        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          k3=i;          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {        }   
            if (k != k2){        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
              if(ng==2)        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
              else        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
              ij=1;          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {        }   
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
                  ij++;        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
                }          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
                else          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);        }   
              }        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
                    }
              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){      }
                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);    
                ij=1;    /*3eme*/
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
                    ij++;        k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
                  }        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
                  else        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
                }          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
                fprintf(ficgp,")");          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
              }          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
              fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
              i=i+ncovmodel;          
            }        */
          } /* end k */        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
        } /* end k2 */          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
      } /* end jk */          
    } /* end ng */        } 
    fclose(ficgp);      }
 }  /* end gnuplot */    }
     
     /* CV preval stat */
 /*************** Moving average **************/    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){      for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         k=3;
   int i, cpt, cptcod;        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
            fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){        
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){        l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){        fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
           }          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;        }
         }        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
       }      } 
     }    }  
        
 }    /* proba elementaires */
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
 /************** Forecasting ******************/        if (k != i) {
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
              fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;            jk++; 
   int *popage;            fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;          }
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;        }
   double ***p3mat;      }
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];     }
   
  agelim=AGESUP;     for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng); 
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);         if (ng==2)
             fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
           else
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {         i=1;
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);           k3=i;
   }           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);             if (k != k2){
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);               if(ng==2)
                  fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;               else
                  fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
   if (mobilav==1) {               ij=1;
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);                 if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
   }                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                    ij++;
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;                 }
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;                 else
                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
   agelim=AGESUP;               }
                 fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
   hstepm=1;               
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;               for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
   anprojmean=yp;                 ij=1;
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
   mprojmean=yp;                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
   jprojmean=yp;                     ij++;
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;                   }
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;                   else
                       fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);                 }
                   fprintf(ficgp,")");
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){               }
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
       k=k+1;               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");               i=i+ncovmodel;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {             }
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);           } /* end k */
       }         } /* end k2 */
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");       } /* end jk */
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");     } /* end ng */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);     fclose(ficgp); 
        }  /* end gnuplot */
        
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {  
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");  /*************** Moving average **************/
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);    int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
   
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){    int i, cpt, cptcod;
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    int modcovmax =1;
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;    int mobilavrange, mob;
              double age;
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);                               a covariate has 2 modalities */
            if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);      if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
             }      else mobilavrange=mobilav;
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                        for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
                 if (mobilav==1)            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
                 else {         fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];         we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
                 }      */ 
                      for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
               }        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
                                      mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
               }                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
             }                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
           }                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);                }
         }              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
       }            }
     }          }
   }        }/* end age */
              }/* end mob */
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    }else return -1;
     return 0;
   fclose(ficresf);  }/* End movingaverage */
 }  
 /************** Forecasting ******************/  
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){  /************** Forecasting ******************/
    prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;    
   int *popage;    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;    int *popage;
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;    double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];    double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
   agelim=AGESUP;   agelim=AGESUP;
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;   calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
    
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
     
     
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);    strcat(fileresf,fileres);
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
   }    }
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
   if (mobilav==1) {    if (mobilav!=0) {
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
   }        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;      }
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;    }
    
   agelim=AGESUP;    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
      if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
   hstepm=1;    
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;    agelim=AGESUP;
      
   if (popforecast==1) {    hstepm=1;
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);    yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);    anprojmean=yp;
     }    yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);    mprojmean=yp;
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);    yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);    jprojmean=yp;
        if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     i=1;      if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;    
        fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean); 
     imx=i;    
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];    for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
   }      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){        fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
       k=k+1;          fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");        }
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {        fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");
       }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");        
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");        
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);        for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) { 
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");          fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
                fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);   
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {  
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);            for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
                    nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);            
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
                      oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);              for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
                      if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){                fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {              } 
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
             }                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;                  if (mobilav==1) 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                                  kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                 if (mobilav==1)                  else {
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                 else {                  }
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];                  
                 }                }
               }                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){                  fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;                          
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);                }
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/              }
               }            }
             }            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){          }
               kk1=0.;        }
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){      }
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];    }
                 }         
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
             }  
     fclose(ficresf);
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  }
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);  /************** Forecasting ******************/
           }  populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    
         }    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
       }    int *popage;
      double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2;
   /******/    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {    double ***mobaverage;
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);      char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){  
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;    tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
              agelim=AGESUP;
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
             }    strcat(filerespop,fileres);
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                    fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];        }
               }    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
             }  
           }    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
         }    if (mobilav!=0) {
       }      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
    }      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
   }        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
          printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      }
     }
   if (popforecast==1) {  
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);    
   }    agelim=AGESUP;
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    hstepm=1;
   fclose(ficrespop);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
 }    
     if (popforecast==1) {
 /***********************************************/      if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
 /**************** Main Program *****************/        printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
 /***********************************************/        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
       } 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])      popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
 {      popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
       popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;      
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;      i=1;   
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;      while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
      
   double fret;      imx=i;
   double **xi,tmp,delta;      for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */  
   double ***p3mat;    for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
   int *indx;     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];        k=k+1;
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];        fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */          fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
   int c,  h , cpt,l;        }
   int ju,jl, mi;        fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;        fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;        if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
   int hstepm, nhstepm;        
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;        for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;          
   double ftolpl=FTOL;          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
   double **prlim;            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
   double *severity;            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */            
   double  *p;            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
   double *delti; /* Scale */          
   double ***eij, ***vareij;            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */              if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
   double *epj, vepp;                fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
   double kk1, kk2;              } 
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                  kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];                  if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
   char z[1]="c", occ;                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
 #include <sys/time.h>                  }
 #include <time.h>                }
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){
                    tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
   /* long total_usecs;                    /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;                      if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                  }
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */              }
   getcwd(pathcd, size);              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
   printf("\n%s",version);                  for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   if(argc <=1){                    kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");                  }
     scanf("%s",pathtot);                    tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
   }              }
   else{  
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);              if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
   }                fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/            }
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/          }
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/        }
    
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);    /******/
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);  
   chdir(path);        for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
   replace(pathc,path);          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
   /* Log file */            
   strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
   if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
     printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     goto end;              if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
   }                fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);              } 
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
   fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
   fflush(ficlog);                  kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
   /* */                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1); 
   strcpy(fileres,"r");              }
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);            }
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
   /*---------arguments file --------*/        }
      } 
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {    }
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);   
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     goto end;  
   }    if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
   strcpy(filereso,"o");      free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
   strcat(filereso,fileres);      free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {    }
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);    free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);    free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     goto end;    fclose(ficrespop);
   }  }
   
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  /***********************************************/
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  /**************** Main Program *****************/
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  /***********************************************/
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     fputs(line,ficparo);  {
   }    int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);    double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);  
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    double fret;
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    double **xi,tmp,delta;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     puts(line);    double ***p3mat;
     fputs(line,ficparo);    double ***mobaverage;
   }    int *indx;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
      char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];
        int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);    int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
   cptcovn=0;    int c,  h , cpt,l;
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;    int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;    int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */    int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
      int hstepm, nhstepm;
   /* Read guess parameters */    double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    double ftolpl=FTOL;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    double **prlim;
     puts(line);    double *severity;
     fputs(line,ficparo);    double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
   }    double  *p;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
      double ***delti3; /* Scale */
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    double *delti; /* Scale */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)    double ***eij, ***vareij;
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){    double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    double *epj, vepp;
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);    double kk1, kk2;
       if(mle==1)    double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);  
       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);    char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);  
         if(mle==1){    char z[1]="c", occ;
           printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);  #include <sys/time.h>
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);  #include <time.h>
         }    char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
         else   
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);    /* long total_usecs;
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);       struct timeval start_time, end_time;
       }    
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");       gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
       if(mle==1)    getcwd(pathcd, size);
         printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    printf("\n%s",version);
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    if(argc <=1){
     }      printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
        scanf("%s",pathtot);
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;    }
     else{
   p=param[1][1];      strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
      }
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);    split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   }    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    chdir(path);
     replace(pathc,path);
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);  
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */    /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){  
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){    /* Log file */
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);    if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){      printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);      goto end;
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);    }
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);    fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
       }    fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       printf("\n");    fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    fflush(ficlog);
     }  
   }    /* */
   delti=delti3[1][1];    strcpy(fileres,"r");
      strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    /*---------arguments file --------*/
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);    if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
     fputs(line,ficparo);      printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      goto end;
      }
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){    strcpy(filereso,"o");
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);    strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if(mle==1)    if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("%s",str);      printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
     fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);      goto end;
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){    }
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);  
       if(mle==1){    /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
         printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      ungetc(c,ficpar);
       }      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       else      puts(line);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      fputs(line,ficparo);
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    }
     }    ungetc(c,ficpar);
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  
     if(mle==1)    fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
       printf("\n");    printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
   }      ungetc(c,ficpar);
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)      puts(line);
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];      fputs(line,ficparo);
        }
   if(mle==1)    ungetc(c,ficpar);
     printf("\n");    
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");     
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/    if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */  
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/    ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */    nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */    
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {    /* Read guess parameters */
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;    /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
     }      ungetc(c,ficpar);
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
          puts(line);
     /*-------- data file ----------*/      fputs(line,ficparo);
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {    }
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;    ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;    
     }    param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)
     n= lastobs;      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);        fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);        fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
     num=ivector(1,n);        if(mle==1)
     moisnais=vector(1,n);          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
     annais=vector(1,n);        fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);        for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
     andc=vector(1,n);          fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
     agedc=vector(1,n);          if(mle==1){
     cod=ivector(1,n);            printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
     weight=vector(1,n);            fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */          }
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);          else
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);            fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);          fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);            }
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);        fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);        if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
     i=1;        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {        fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {      }
            
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){    npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);  
           strcpy(line,stra);    p=param[1][1];
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
         }    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
              ungetc(c,ficpar);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){    delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         }      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         num[i]=atol(stra);        fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
                printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){        fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/        for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
         i=i+1;          printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
       }          fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
     }        }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);        fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
        scanf("%d",i);*/        printf("\n");
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */        fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){    }
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;    delti=delti3[1][1];
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;    
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;    /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     }*/    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){      ungetc(c,ficpar);
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/      puts(line);
        fputs(line,ficparo);
      }
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/    ungetc(c,ficpar);
   Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */    
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);    matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);    for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);      fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
   Tage=ivector(1,15);            if(mle==1)
            printf("%s",str);
   if (strlen(model) >1){      fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;      fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
     j=nbocc(model,'+');      for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');        fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
     cptcovn=j+1;        if(mle==1){
     cptcovprod=j1;          printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
              fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
     strcpy(modelsav,model);        }
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){        else
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);          fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);        fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       goto end;      }
     }      fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
          if(mle==1)
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){        printf("\n");
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyze it */      fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/    }
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/    for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */      for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/        matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */     
           cptcovprod--;    if(mle==1)
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');      printf("\n");
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           cptcovage++;  
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;  
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/    /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
         }    strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */    strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
           cptcovprod--;    strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');    strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);    if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
           cptcovage++;      printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
         }    }
         else {  /* Age is not in the model */    fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/      
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;    /*-------- data file ----------*/
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */    if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
           Tprod[k1]=i;      printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */    }
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];  
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];    n= lastobs;
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)    severity = vector(1,maxwav);
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];    outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
           k1++;    num=ivector(1,n);
           k2=k2+2;    moisnais=vector(1,n);
         }    annais=vector(1,n);
       }    moisdc=vector(1,n);
       else { /* no more sum */    andc=vector(1,n);
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/    agedc=vector(1,n);
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/    cod=ivector(1,n);
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');    weight=vector(1,n);
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);    for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
       }    mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);      anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);    s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
         scanf("%d",i);*/    tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     } /* end of loop + */    ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   } /* end model */  
      i=1;
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);    while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);      if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);          
   scanf("%d ",i);*/        for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
     fclose(fic);          cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
     /*  if(mle==1){*/          cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/          cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;        }
     }          
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/        cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);        cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {        cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){  
          anint[m][i]=9999;        cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
          s[m][i]=-1;        for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
        }          cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;        } 
       }        num[i]=atol(stra);
     }          
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {          printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);  
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){        i=i+1;
         if(s[m][i] >0){      }
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {    }
             if(agedc[i]>0)    /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)       scanf("%d",i);*/
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];    imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/  
            else {    /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
               if (andc[i]!=9999){      if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);      if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);      if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
               agev[m][i]=-1;      }*/
               }     /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
             }       if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
           }       printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */    
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);   
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)    /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
               agev[m][i]=1;    Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){    Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
               agemin=agev[m][i];    Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/    Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
             }    Tage=ivector(1,15);      
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){     
               agemax=agev[m][i];    if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/      j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
             }      j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/      j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/      cptcovn=j+1; 
           }      cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
           else { /* =9 */      
             agev[m][i]=1;      strcpy(modelsav,model); 
             s[m][i]=-1;      if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
           }        printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         }        fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         else /*= 0 Unknown */        goto end;
           agev[m][i]=1;      }
       }      
          /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
     }  
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {      for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){        cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {        if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);          /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);          /*scanf("%d",i);*/
           goto end;        if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
         }          cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
       }          if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
     }            cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);            Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
  fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);            cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);              /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);          }
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);          else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
     free_vector(annais,1,n);            cptcovprod--;
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);            cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/            Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);            cptcovage++;
     free_vector(andc,1,n);            Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
              else {  /* Age is not in the model */
     wav=ivector(1,imx);            cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);            Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);            cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
                Tprod[k1]=i;
     /* Concatenates waves */            Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);            Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);            for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);              covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
       ncodemax[1]=1;            k1++;
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);            k2=k2+2;
                }
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);        }
    h=0;        else { /* no more sum */
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);          /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
           /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){        cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){        Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){        }
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){        strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
            h++;        /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;          scanf("%d",i);*/
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/      } /* end of loop + */
          }    } /* end model */
        }    
      }    /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
    }      If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);  
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */    /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){    printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){    fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);  
       }    scanf("%d ",i);
       printf("\n");    fclose(fic);*/
       }  
       scanf("%d",i);*/      /*  if(mle==1){*/
        if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age      for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */    }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
        agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
      
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          anint[m][i]=9999;
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */          s[m][i]=-1;
              }
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]        if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */      }
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */    }
   
     if(mle==1){    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);      agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
     }      for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
            if(s[m][i] >0){
     /*--------- results files --------------*/          if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);            if(agedc[i]>0)
                if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
    jk=1;            /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");              else {
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");                if (andc[i]!=9999){
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");                  printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){                  fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){                  agev[m][i]=-1;
        if (k != i)                }
          {              }
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);          }
            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);          else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);            agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){            if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);              agev[m][i]=1;
              fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);            else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);              agemin=agev[m][i];
              jk++;              /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
            }            }
            printf("\n");            else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");              agemax=agev[m][i];
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
          }            }
      }            /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
    }            /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
    if(mle==1){          }
      /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */          else { /* =9 */
      ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */            agev[m][i]=1;
      hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);            s[m][i]=-1;
    }          }
    fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");        }
    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");        else /*= 0 Unknown */
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");          agev[m][i]=1;
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      }
      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){      
        if (j!=i) {    }
          fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);      for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
          fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);        if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
            printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);          fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
            fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);          goto end;
            fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);        }
            jk++;      }
          }    }
          printf("\n");  
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
          fprintf(ficres,"\n");    fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
        }  
      }    free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
    }    free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
        free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
    k=1;    free_vector(annais,1,n);
    fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");    /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
    if(mle==1)       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
      printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");    free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");    free_vector(andc,1,n);
    for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
      /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;     
          i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;    wav=ivector(1,imx);
          fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);    dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
          printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/    bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);    mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      if(mle==1)     
        printf("%3d",i);    /* Concatenates waves */
      fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);    concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
      for(j=1; j<=i;j++){  
        fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
        if(mle==1)  
          printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    Tcode=ivector(1,100);
        fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
      }    ncodemax[1]=1;
      fprintf(ficres,"\n");    if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
      if(mle==1)        
        printf("\n");    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");                                   the estimations*/
      k++;    h=0;
    }    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
       
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
      ungetc(c,ficpar);      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
      puts(line);          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
      fputs(line,ficparo);            h++;
    }            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
    ungetc(c,ficpar);            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
    estepm=0;          } 
    fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);        }
    if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;      }
    if (fage <= 2) {    } 
      bage = ageminpar;    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
      fage = agemaxpar;       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
    }    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
           for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
    fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
    fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);       }
    fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);       printf("\n");
           }
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){       scanf("%d",i);*/
      ungetc(c,ficpar);      
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
      puts(line);       and prints on file fileres'p'. */
      fputs(line,ficparo);  
    }      pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
    ungetc(c,ficpar);      oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
        newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
    fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);      savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
    fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);      oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
    fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);      
         
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
      ungetc(c,ficpar);       so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
      puts(line);  
      fputs(line,ficparo);    if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
    }      mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
    ungetc(c,ficpar);    }
        
     /*--------- results files --------------*/
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;    fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;    
   
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);    jk=1;
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);      fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);      printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        if (k != i) 
     puts(line);          {
     fputs(line,ficparo);            printf("%d%d ",i,k);
   }            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);              printf("%f ",p[jk]);
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);              fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            printf("\n");
     ungetc(c,ficpar);            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            fprintf(ficres,"\n");
     puts(line);          }
     fputs(line,ficparo);      }
   }    }
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    if(mle==1){
       /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);      ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);      hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);    }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");        if (j!=i) {
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {          fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
   }          fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
   fclose(ficgp);          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
  printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);            printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/            fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);            jk++;
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");          }
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {          printf("\n");
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   }          fprintf(ficres,"\n");
         }
   fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n      }
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n    }
 \n     
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n    fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n    if(mle==1)
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">      printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
  <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n    fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n    for(i=1,k=1;i<=npar;i++){
  - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n      /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);          i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
   fclose(fichtm);          fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
           printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
  printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);      */
        fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/      if(mle==1)
  chdir(path);        printf("%3d",i);
        fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);      for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);        fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);          if(mle==1)
  free_ivector(num,1,n);          printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);        fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/      }
  fclose(ficparo);      fprintf(ficres,"\n");
  fclose(ficres);      if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/      k++;
      }
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");     
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {      ungetc(c,ficpar);
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;      puts(line);
   }      fputs(line,ficparo);
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    ungetc(c,ficpar);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");  
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");    estepm=0;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);    fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");    if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
      if (fage <= 2) {
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      bage = ageminpar;
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      fage = agemaxpar;
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    }
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */     
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
   k=0;    fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
   agebase=ageminpar;     
   agelim=agemaxpar;    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
   ftolpl=1.e-10;      ungetc(c,ficpar);
   i1=cptcoveff;      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}      puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    }
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    ungetc(c,ficpar);
         k=k+1;    
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/    fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");    fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         printf("\n#******");    fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");     
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      ungetc(c,ficpar);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      puts(line);
         }      fputs(line,ficparo);
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");    }
         printf("******\n");    ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");   
          
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );  
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);    fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");    fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
         }    
       }    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
     }      ungetc(c,ficpar);
   fclose(ficrespl);      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/      fputs(line,ficparo);
      }
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);    ungetc(c,ficpar);
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;    fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;    fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);
   }    fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);  
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;      ungetc(c,ficpar);
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
   agelim=AGESUP;      fputs(line,ficparo);
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
   /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/    fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   k=0;    fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
       k=k+1;  
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");    /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
              printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */    }
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    else{
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
           /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/      fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    fclose(ficgp);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      /*--------- index.htm --------*/
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");  
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");      printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    }
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );  
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)  Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);  \n
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");  Total number of observations=%d <br>\n
              }  Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");   <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n
         }   - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n
     }   - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n
   }   - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);
     fclose(fichtm);
   varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);  
     printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
   fclose(ficrespij);   
     /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
     chdir(path);
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/   
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){    free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);    free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);    free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
   }    free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
   else{    free_ivector(num,1,n);
     erreur=108;    free_vector(agedc,1,n);
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);    free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);    /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
   }    fclose(ficparo);
      fclose(ficres);
   
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/  
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
   strcpy(filerest,"t");    
   strcat(filerest,fileres);    strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {    strcat(filerespl,fileres);
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;    if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;      printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);    }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);    printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
   strcpy(filerese,"e");    fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
   strcat(filerese,fileres);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);    
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);    prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   }  
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    agebase=ageminpar;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    agelim=agemaxpar;
     ftolpl=1.e-10;
   strcpy(fileresv,"v");    i1=cptcoveff;
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);    if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);    for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
   }        k=k+1;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);        /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);        fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
   calagedate=-1;        printf("\n#******");
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);        fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
   k=0;          fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){          printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){          fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
       k=k+1;        }
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");        fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");          
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");          prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)          fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");            fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");        }
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      }
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    }
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");    fclose(ficrespl);
   
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);      strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
      if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0);    }
       if(popbased==1){    printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
        }    
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
      /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");  
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);    agelim=AGESUP;
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);  
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){    /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);  
         if (popbased==1) {    for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];        k=k+1;
         }        fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
                for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);          fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){        fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {          
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];        for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/          nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           }          nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  
         }          /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)          p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)          oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));          fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));            for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         }              fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");          fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
       }          for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     }            fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
   }            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);                fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
     free_vector(weight,1,n);            fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
   fclose(ficreseij);          }
   fclose(ficresvij);          free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   fclose(ficrest);          fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
   fclose(ficpar);        }
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);      }
      }
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/    
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");  
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);    fclose(ficrespij);
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);  
     exit(0);    /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
   }    if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);      prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);
       if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);
   k=0;    } 
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    else{
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      erreur=108;
       k=k+1;      printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");      fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    }
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");  
          /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);  
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    strcpy(filerest,"t");
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    strcat(filerest,fileres);
     }    if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
  }      printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
   fclose(ficresvpl);    }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
    
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    strcpy(filerese,"e");
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    strcat(filerese,fileres);
      if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    }
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
    
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    strcpy(fileresv,"v");
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);    strcat(fileresv,fileres);
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);      printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    }
   fclose(fichtm);    printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   fclose(ficgp);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
    
     calagedate=-1;
   if(erreur >0){  
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);  
   }else{    if (mobilav!=0) {
    printf("End of Imach\n");      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
    fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
   }        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   fclose(ficlog);      }
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */    }
    
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/    for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
   /*------ End -----------*/        k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
  end:          fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
 #ifdef windows        fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/  
 #endif        fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/          fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/        fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/  
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);        fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
  strcat(plotcmd," ");        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);          fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
  system(plotcmd);        fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
 #ifdef windows        eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
   while (z[0] != 'q') {        oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
     /* chdir(path); */        evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");   
     scanf("%s",z);        vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");        oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);        varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);        if(popbased==1){
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);          varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
   }        }
 #endif  
 }   
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav ==0){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
       }
     }
     free_vector(weight,1,n);
     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     
     /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
     }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
    
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(delti,1,npar);
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");
     fclose(fichtm);
     fclose(ficgp);
     
   
     if(erreur >0){
       printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
     }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     
     /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/
     /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     end:
   #ifdef windows
     /* chdir(pathcd);*/
   #endif 
    /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/
    /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
     strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     system(plotcmd);
   
    /*#ifdef windows*/
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
       if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
       else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     /*#endif */
   }
   
   

Removed from v.1.50  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.63


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