Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.51 and 1.132

version 1.51, 2002/07/19 12:22:25 version 1.132, 2009/07/06 08:22:05
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain    $State$
     $Log$
   Short summary of the programme:    Revision 1.132  2009/07/06 08:22:05  brouard
      Many tings
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from  
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    Revision 1.131  2009/06/20 16:22:47  brouard
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    Some dimensions resccaled
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the  
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a    Revision 1.130  2009/05/26 06:44:34  brouard
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    (Module): Max Covariate is now set to 20 instead of 8. A
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    lot of cleaning with variables initialized to 0. Trying to make
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    V2+V3*age+V1+V4 strb=V3*age+V1+V4 working better.
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the  
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    Revision 1.129  2007/08/31 13:49:27  lievre
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    Modification of the way of exiting when the covariate is not binary in order to see on the window the error message before exiting
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave  
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    Revision 1.128  2006/06/30 13:02:05  brouard
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    (Module): Clarifications on computing e.j
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more  
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    Revision 1.127  2006/04/28 18:11:50  brouard
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
   convergence.    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
     (Module): In order to speed up (in case of numerous covariates) we
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    compute health expectancies (without variances) in a first step
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    and then all the health expectancies with variances or standard
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    deviation (needs data from the Hessian matrices) which slows the
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into    computation.
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.      In the future we should be able to stop the program is only health
     expectancies and graph are needed without standard deviations.
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h  
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be    Revision 1.126  2006/04/28 17:23:28  brouard
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    Version 0.98h
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply  
   hPijx.    Revision 1.125  2006/04/04 15:20:31  lievre
     Errors in calculation of health expectancies. Age was not initialized.
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Forecasting file added.
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.  
      Revision 1.124  2006/03/22 17:13:53  lievre
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    Parameters are printed with %lf instead of %f (more numbers after the comma).
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    The log-likelihood is printed in the log file
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action  
   from the European Union.    Revision 1.123  2006/03/20 10:52:43  brouard
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    * imach.c (Module): <title> changed, corresponds to .htm file
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    name. <head> headers where missing.
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .  
   **********************************************************************/    * imach.c (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
      English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
 #include <math.h>    otherwise the weight is truncated).
 #include <stdio.h>    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
 #include <stdlib.h>    1.
 #include <unistd.h>    Version 0.98g
   
 #define MAXLINE 256    Revision 1.122  2006/03/20 09:45:41  brouard
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"    (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    otherwise the weight is truncated).
 /*#define DEBUG*/    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
 #define windows    1.
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    Version 0.98g
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */  
     Revision 1.121  2006/03/16 17:45:01  lievre
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    * imach.c (Module): Comments concerning covariates added
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  
     * imach.c (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */  
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    Revision 1.120  2006/03/16 15:10:38  lievre
 #define MAXN 20000    (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
 #define AGESUP 130    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
 #define AGEBASE 40  
 #ifdef windows    Revision 1.119  2006/03/15 17:42:26  brouard
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'    (Module): Bug if status = -2, the loglikelihood was
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'    computed as likelihood omitting the logarithm. Version O.98e
 #else  
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'    Revision 1.118  2006/03/14 18:20:07  brouard
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
 #endif    table of variances if popbased=1 .
     (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
 char version[80]="Imach version 0.8i, June 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";    (Module): Function pstamp added
 int erreur; /* Error number */    (Module): Version 0.98d
 int nvar;  
 int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;    Revision 1.117  2006/03/14 17:16:22  brouard
 int npar=NPARMAX;    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    table of variances if popbased=1 .
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    (Module): Function pstamp added
 int popbased=0;    (Module): Version 0.98d
   
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    Revision 1.116  2006/03/06 10:29:27  brouard
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */    (Module): Variance-covariance wrong links and
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */    varian-covariance of ej. is needed (Saito).
 int mle, weightopt;  
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */    Revision 1.115  2006/02/27 12:17:45  brouard
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    (Module): One freematrix added in mlikeli! 0.98c
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */  
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */    Revision 1.114  2006/02/26 12:57:58  brouard
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    (Module): Some improvements in processing parameter
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;    filename with strsep.
 FILE *ficlog;  
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;    Revision 1.113  2006/02/24 14:20:24  brouard
 FILE *ficresprobmorprev;    (Module): Memory leaks checks with valgrind and:
 FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */    datafile was not closed, some imatrix were not freed and on matrix
 FILE *ficreseij;    allocation too.
 char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];  
 FILE  *ficresvij;    Revision 1.112  2006/01/30 09:55:26  brouard
 char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    (Module): Back to gnuplot.exe instead of wgnuplot.exe
 FILE  *ficresvpl;  
 char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.111  2006/01/25 20:38:18  brouard
 char title[MAXLINE];    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
 char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];    (Module): Comments can be added in data file. Missing date values
 char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];    can be a simple dot '.'.
   
 char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.110  2006/01/25 00:51:50  brouard
 char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
 char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];  
 char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.109  2006/01/24 19:37:15  brouard
 char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];    (Module): Comments (lines starting with a #) are allowed in data.
   
 char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.108  2006/01/19 18:05:42  lievre
     Gnuplot problem appeared...
 #define NR_END 1    To be fixed
 #define FREE_ARG char*  
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10    Revision 1.107  2006/01/19 16:20:37  brouard
     Test existence of gnuplot in imach path
 #define NRANSI  
 #define ITMAX 200    Revision 1.106  2006/01/19 13:24:36  brouard
     Some cleaning and links added in html output
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  
     Revision 1.105  2006/01/05 20:23:19  lievre
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660    *** empty log message ***
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);    Revision 1.104  2005/09/30 16:11:43  lievre
     (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
 #define GOLD 1.618034    (Module): If the status is missing at the last wave but we know
 #define GLIMIT 100.0    that the person is alive, then we can code his/her status as -2
 #define TINY 1.0e-20    (instead of missing=-1 in earlier versions) and his/her
     contributions to the likelihood is 1 - Prob of dying from last
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;    health status (= 1-p13= p11+p12 in the easiest case of somebody in
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    the healthy state at last known wave). Version is 0.98
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  
      Revision 1.103  2005/09/30 15:54:49  lievre
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)  
     Revision 1.102  2004/09/15 17:31:30  brouard
 static double sqrarg;    Add the possibility to read data file including tab characters.
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}    Revision 1.101  2004/09/15 10:38:38  brouard
     Fix on curr_time
 int imx;  
 int stepm;    Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
   
 int estepm;    Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/    *** empty log message ***
   
 int m,nb;    Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;    New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;    directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;    state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
 double dateintmean=0;    This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
     other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
 double *weight;    cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
 int **s; /* Status */    from other sources like vital statistic data.
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;    The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
   
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */    Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
   
 /**************** split *************************/    The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )    the slope with 95% confident intervals.
 {  
    char *s;                             /* pointer */    Current limitations:
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */    A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
     model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */    B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  
    s= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */    Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */    Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)    suppressed.
        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/  
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */    Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
       extern char       *getwd( );    * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
     rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  
 #else    Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
       extern char       *getcwd( );    * imach.c (Repository):
     (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {    matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
 #endif  
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );    Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
       }    Just cleaning
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */  
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */    Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    (Module): Version 0.96b
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */  
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
    }    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  
 #ifdef windows    Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
 #else    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
 #endif    is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */    concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
    s++;  
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */    Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
    l1= strlen( name);    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
    l2= strlen( s)+1;    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);    of the covariance matrix to be input.
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;  
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
 }    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
     mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
     of the covariance matrix to be input.
 /******************************************/  
     Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
 void replace(char *s, char*t)    * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
 {  
   int i;    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
   int lg=20;    Version 0.96
   i=0;  
   lg=strlen(t);    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
     (s[i] = t[i]);    routine fileappend.
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  
   }    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
 }    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
     current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
 {    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
   int i,j=0;    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
   int lg=20;    interview.
   i=0;    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
   lg=strlen(s);    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;    truncation)
   }    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
   return j;  
 }    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
 {    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
   /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it    parcimony.
      and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
      gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */  
   int i,lg,j,p=0;    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
   i=0;    *** empty log message ***
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
   }    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
   
   lg=strlen(t);  */
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  /*
     (u[j] = t[j]);     Interpolated Markov Chain
   }  
      u[p]='\0';    Short summary of the programme:
     
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
   }    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
 }    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
     case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
 /********************** nrerror ********************/    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
     (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
 void nrerror(char error_text[])    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
 {    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
   exit(1);    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
 }    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
 /*********************** vector *******************/    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
 {    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
   double *v;    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    convergence.
   return v-nl+NR_END;  
 }    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
     multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
 /************************ free vector ******************/    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
 {    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  
 }    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
     conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
 /************************ivector *******************************/    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
 {    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
   int *v;    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");    hPijx.
   return v-nl+NR_END;  
 }    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
     of the life expectancies. It also computes the period (stable) prevalence. 
 /******************free ivector **************************/    
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
 {             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
 }    from the European Union.
     It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  
 {    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
   int **m;    
      **********************************************************************/
   /* allocate pointers to rows */  /*
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));    main
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    read parameterfile
   m += NR_END;    read datafile
   m -= nrl;    concatwav
      freqsummary
      if (mle >= 1)
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */      mlikeli
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    print results files
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    if mle==1 
   m[nrl] += NR_END;       computes hessian
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
          begin-prev-date,...
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    open gnuplot file
      open html file
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */    period (stable) prevalence
   return m;     for age prevalim()
 }    h Pij x
     variance of p varprob
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)    health expectancies
       int **m;    Variance-covariance of DFLE
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    prevalence()
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */     movingaverage()
 {    varevsij() 
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));    total life expectancies
 }    Variance of period (stable) prevalence
    end
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  */
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
 {  
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;  
   double **m;   
   #include <math.h>
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  #include <stdio.h>
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  #include <stdlib.h>
   m += NR_END;  #include <string.h>
   m -= nrl;  #include <unistd.h>
   
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  #include <limits.h>
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  #include <sys/types.h>
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  #include <sys/stat.h>
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  #include <errno.h>
   extern int errno;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  
   return m;  /* #include <sys/time.h> */
 }  #include <time.h>
   #include "timeval.h"
 /*************************free matrix ************************/  
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  /* #include <libintl.h> */
 {  /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  #define MAXLINE 256
 }  
   #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
 {  
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
   double ***m;  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
   
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  #define MAXPARM 128 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   m += NR_END;  
   m -= nrl;  #define NINTERVMAX 8
   #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  #define NCOVMAX 20 /* Maximum number of covariates */
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  #define MAXN 20000
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
   #define AGESUP 130
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  #define AGEBASE 40
   #define AGEGOMP 10. /* Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  #ifdef UNIX
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  #define CHARSEPARATOR "/"
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  #else
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
    #define CHARSEPARATOR "\\"
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;  #endif
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;  /* $Id$ */
   }  /* $State$ */
   return m;  
 }  char version[]="Imach version 0.98k, June 2006, INED-EUROREVES-Institut de longevite ";
   char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  char strstart[80];
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH];
 {  int erreur=0, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));  int nvar=0;
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov=0; /* Number of covariates, of covariates with '*age' */
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  int npar=NPARMAX;
 }  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
   int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  int ncovmodel=0, ncovcol=0;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 extern int ncom;  int popbased=0;
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
    int maxwav=0; /* Maxim number of waves */
 double f1dim(double x)  int jmin=0, jmax=0; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 {  int ijmin=0, ijmax=0; /* Individuals having jmin and jmax */ 
   int j;  int gipmx=0, gsw=0; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
   double f;                     to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
   double *xt;  int mle=1, weightopt=0;
    int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
   xt=vector(1,ncom);  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);  double jmean=1; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   return f;  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
 }  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
   FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres, *ficresp, *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 /*****************brent *************************/  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  int globpr=0; /* Global variable for printing or not */
 {  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   int iter;  long ipmx=0; /* Number of contributions */
   double a,b,d,etemp;  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
   double ftemp;  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;  FILE *ficresilk;
   double e=0.0;  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
    FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);  FILE *ficreseij;
   x=w=v=bx;  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  FILE *ficresstdeij;
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {  char fileresstde[FILENAMELENGTH];
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  FILE *ficrescveij;
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  char filerescve[FILENAMELENGTH];
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/  FILE  *ficresvij;
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
     fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);  FILE  *ficresvpl;
 #ifdef DEBUG  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  char title[MAXLINE];
     fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */  char plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH], pplotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #endif  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
       *xmin=x;  int  outcmd=0;
       return fx;  
     }  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
     ftemp=fu;  
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
       q=2.0*(q-r);  
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
       q=fabs(q);  
       etemp=e;  struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
       e=d;  struct timezone tzp;
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))  extern int gettimeofday();
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  struct tm tmg, tm, tmf, *gmtime(), *localtime();
       else {  long time_value;
         d=p/q;  extern long time();
         u=x+d;  char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)  
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);  char *endptr;
       }  long lval;
     } else {  double dval;
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  
     }  #define NR_END 1
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  #define FREE_ARG char*
     fu=(*f)(u);  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
     if (fu <= fx) {  
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;  #define NRANSI 
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  #define ITMAX 200 
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)  
         } else {  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;  
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
             v=w;  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
             w=u;  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
             fv=fw;  
             fw=fu;  #define GOLD 1.618034 
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
             v=u;  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
             fv=fu;  
           }  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
         }  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   }  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");    
   *xmin=x;  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
   return fx;  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
 }  
   static double sqrarg;
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
   #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
             double (*func)(double))  
 {  int imx; 
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;  int stepm=1;
   double fu;  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
    
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);  int estepm;
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   if (*fb > *fa) {  
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)  int m,nb;
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)  long *num;
       }  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage,*cens;
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);  double **pmmij, ***probs;
   while (*fb > *fc) {  double *ageexmed,*agecens;
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);  double dateintmean=0;
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);  
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/  double *weight;
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));  int **s; /* Status */
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {  int **nbcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
       fu=(*func)(u);  double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {  
       fu=(*func)(u);  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
       if (fu < *fc) {  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))  
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))  /**************** split *************************/
           }  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {  {
       u=ulim;    /* From a file name with (full) path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
       fu=(*func)(u);       the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
     } else {    */ 
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
       fu=(*func)(u);    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
     }  
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
       }    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
 }    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so determine current directory */
       strcpy( name, path );               /* we got the fullname name because no directory */
 /*************** linmin ************************/      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
         printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
 int ncom;      /* get current working directory */
 double *pcom,*xicom;      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))      }
 {      /* got dirc from getcwd*/
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,      printf(" DIRC = %s \n",dirc);
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
   double f1dim(double x);      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   int j;      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
   double fx,fb,fa;      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
        printf(" DIRC2 = %s \n",dirc);
   ncom=n;    }
   pcom=vector(1,n);    /* We add a separator at the end of dirc if not exists */
   xicom=vector(1,n);    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
   nrfunc=func;    if( dirc[l1-1] != DIRSEPARATOR ){
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      dirc[l1] =  DIRSEPARATOR;
     pcom[j]=p[j];      dirc[l1+1] = 0; 
     xicom[j]=xi[j];      printf(" DIRC3 = %s \n",dirc);
   }    }
   ax=0.0;    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
   xx=1.0;    if (ss >0){
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);      ss++;
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);      strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
 #ifdef DEBUG      l1= strlen( name);
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);      l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);      strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
 #endif      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    }
     xi[j] *= xmin;  
     p[j] += xi[j];    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
   }  }
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);  
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);  
 }  /******************************************/
   
 /*************** powell ************************/  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,  {
             double (*func)(double []))    int i;
 {    int lg=0;
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,    i=0;
               double (*func)(double []));    lg=strlen(t);
   int i,ibig,j;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;      (s[i] = t[i]);
   double fp,fptt;      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
   double *xits;    }
   pt=vector(1,n);  }
   ptt=vector(1,n);  
   xit=vector(1,n);  char *trimbb(char *out, char *in)
   xits=vector(1,n);  { /* Trim multiple blanks in line */
   *fret=(*func)(p);    char *s;
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    s=out;
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    while (*in != '\0'){
     fp=(*fret);      while( *in == ' ' && *(in+1) == ' ' && *(in+1) != '\0'){
     ibig=0;        in++;
     del=0.0;      }
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);      *out++ = *in++;
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    }
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)    *out='\0';
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    return s;
     fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);  }
     printf("\n");  
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  {
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];    int i,j=0;
       fptt=(*fret);    int lg=20;
 #ifdef DEBUG    i=0;
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);    lg=strlen(s);
       fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
 #endif    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    }
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);    return j;
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  }
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {  
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
         ibig=i;  {
       }    /* cuts string t into u and v where u ends before first occurence of char 'occ' 
 #ifdef DEBUG       and v starts after first occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    int i,lg,j,p=0;
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    i=0;
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    }
       }  
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {    lg=strlen(t);
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
         fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);      (u[j] = t[j]);
       }    }
       printf("\n");       u[p]='\0';
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
 #endif     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
     }      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    }
 #ifdef DEBUG  }
       int k[2],l;  
       k[0]=1;  /********************** nrerror ********************/
       k[1]=-1;  
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));  void nrerror(char error_text[])
       fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));  {
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
       }  }
       printf("\n");  /*********************** vector *******************/
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {  {
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    double *v;
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
           fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    return v-nl+NR_END;
         }  }
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));  
         fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));  /************************ free vector ******************/
       }  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
 #endif  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   }
       free_vector(xit,1,n);  
       free_vector(xits,1,n);  /************************ivector *******************************/
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
       free_vector(pt,1,n);  {
       return;    int *v;
     }    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    return v-nl+NR_END;
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];  }
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];  
       pt[j]=p[j];  /******************free ivector **************************/
     }  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);  {
     if (fptt < fp) {    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);  }
       if (t < 0.0) {  
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  /************************lvector *******************************/
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];  {
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];    long *v;
         }    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
 #ifdef DEBUG    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    return v-nl+NR_END;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);  }
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++){  
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);  /******************free lvector **************************/
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);  void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
         }  {
         printf("\n");    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  }
 #endif  
       }  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
     }  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   }       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
 }  { 
     long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    int **m; 
     
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
 {    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */    m += NR_END; 
     m -= nrl; 
   int i, ii,j,k;    
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;    
   double **matprod2();    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
   double **newm;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
     m[nrl] -= ncl; 
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    
     }    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
     return m; 
    cov[1]=1.;  } 
    
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
     newm=savm;        int **m;
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
      cov[2]=agefin;       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
    { 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/  } 
       }  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  /******************* matrix *******************************/
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  {
     long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/    double **m;
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/  
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
     m += NR_END;
     savm=oldm;    m -= nrl;
     oldm=newm;  
     maxmax=0.;    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
       min=1.;    m[nrl] += NR_END;
       max=0.;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {  
         sumnew=0;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];    return m;
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);     */
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);  }
       }  
       maxmin=max-min;  /*************************free matrix ************************/
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     }  {
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       return prlim;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
     }  }
   }  
 }  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
   double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/  {
     long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )    double ***m;
 {  
   double s1, s2;    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   /*double t34;*/    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;    m += NR_END;
     m -= nrl;
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/    m[nrl] += NR_END;
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    m[nrl] -= ncl;
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  
       }    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
       ps[i][j]=s2;  
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     }    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
       }    
       ps[i][j]=s2;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
     }      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
   }      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
     }
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    return m; 
      s1=0;    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    */
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)  }
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);  
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];  {
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
   } /* end i */  }
   
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  /*************** function subdirf ***********/
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  char *subdirf(char fileres[])
       ps[ii][jj]=0;  {
       ps[ii][ii]=1;    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     }    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
   }    strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
     strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     return tmpout;
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  }
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);  /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
    }  char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
     printf("\n ");  {
     }    
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
 /*    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);    strcat(tmpout,"/");
   goto end;*/    strcat(tmpout,preop);
     return ps;    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
 }    return tmpout;
   }
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/  
   /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
 {  {
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times    
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns    strcat(tmpout,"/");
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */    strcat(tmpout,preop);
   long i, j, k;    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)    return tmpout;
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)  }
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];  
   /***************** f1dim *************************/
   return out;  extern int ncom; 
 }  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
   extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
    
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/  double f1dim(double x) 
   { 
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )    int j; 
 {    double f;
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month    double *xt; 
      duration (i.e. until   
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
      included manually here.    return f; 
   } 
      */  
   /*****************brent *************************/
   int i, j, d, h, k;  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];  { 
   double **newm;    int iter; 
     double a,b,d,etemp;
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    double ftemp;
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    double e=0.0; 
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);   
     }    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){    x=w=v=bx; 
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
       newm=savm;    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
       cov[1]=1.;      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  #ifdef DEBUG
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
       /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
   #endif
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/        *xmin=x; 
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,        return fx; 
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));      } 
       savm=oldm;      ftemp=fu;
       oldm=newm;      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
     }        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];        q=2.0*(q-r); 
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
          */        q=fabs(q); 
       }        etemp=e; 
   } /* end h */        e=d; 
   return po;        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
 }          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
         else { 
           d=p/q; 
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/          u=x+d; 
 double func( double *x)          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
 {            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;        } 
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];      } else { 
   double **out;        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */      } 
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
   long ipmx;      fu=(*f)(u); 
   /*extern weight */      if (fu <= fx) { 
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);          } else { 
   */            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
   cov[1]=1.;            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
               v=w; 
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;              w=u; 
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){              fv=fw; 
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];              fw=fu; 
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)              v=u; 
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);              fv=fu; 
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){            } 
         newm=savm;          } 
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;    } 
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];    *xmin=x; 
         }    return fx; 
          } 
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
         savm=oldm;  
         oldm=newm;  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
                      double (*func)(double)) 
          { 
       } /* end mult */    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
          double fu; 
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);   
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
       ipmx +=1;    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
       sw += weight[i];    if (*fb > *fa) { 
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
     } /* end of wave */        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
   } /* end of individual */        } 
     *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */    while (*fb > *fc) { 
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
   return -l;      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
 }      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
         (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
       ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
         fu=(*func)(u); 
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
 {        fu=(*func)(u); 
   int i,j, iter;        if (fu < *fc) { 
   double **xi,*delti;          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
   double fret;            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);            } 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)        u=ulim; 
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        fu=(*func)(u); 
   printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");      } else { 
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
         fu=(*func)(u); 
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));      } 
   fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
         } 
 }  } 
   
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/  /*************** linmin ************************/
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))  
 {  int ncom; 
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;  double *pcom,*xicom;
   double **hess;  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   int i, j,jk;   
   int *indx;  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
   { 
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;    double f1dim(double x); 
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
                 double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    int j; 
     double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");    double fx,fb,fa;
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");   
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    ncom=n; 
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    pcom=vector(1,n); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);    xicom=vector(1,n); 
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);    nrfunc=func; 
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
   }      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
      } 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {    ax=0.0; 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {    xx=1.0; 
       if (j>i) {    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
         fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);  #ifdef DEBUG
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];        fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/  #endif
       }    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     }      xi[j] *= xmin; 
   }      p[j] += xi[j]; 
   printf("\n");    } 
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
     free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  } 
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  
    char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  {
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
   x=vector(1,npar);    days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
   indx=ivector(1,npar);    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];    sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);    minutes = (sec_left) /60;
     sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    sprintf(ascdiff,"%d day(s) %d hour(s) %d minute(s) %d second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    return ascdiff;
     x[j]=1;  }
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  /*************** powell ************************/
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
     }              double (*func)(double [])) 
   }  { 
     void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");                double (*func)(double [])); 
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");    int i,ibig,j; 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    double fp,fptt;
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);    double *xits;
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);    int niterf, itmp;
     }  
     printf("\n");    pt=vector(1,n); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    ptt=vector(1,n); 
   }    xit=vector(1,n); 
     xits=vector(1,n); 
   /* Recompute Inverse */    *fret=(*func)(p); 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);      fp=(*fret); 
       ibig=0; 
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");      del=0.0; 
       last_time=curr_time;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {      (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);fflush(stdout);
     x[j]=1;      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec); fflush(ficlog);
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  /*     fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec); */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
       y[i][j]=x[i];        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
     }      }
     printf("\n");      printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   }      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
   */      if(*iter <=3){
         tm = *localtime(&curr_time.tv_sec);
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);        strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tm));
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);  /*       asctime_r(&tm,strcurr); */
   free_vector(x,1,npar);        forecast_time=curr_time; 
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);        itmp = strlen(strcurr);
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);        if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
           strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
         printf("\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
 }        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
         for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/          forecast_time.tv_sec=curr_time.tv_sec+(niterf-*iter)*(curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])          tmf = *localtime(&forecast_time.tv_sec);
 {  /*      asctime_r(&tmf,strfor); */
   int i;          strcpy(strfor,asctime(&tmf));
   int l=1, lmax=20;          itmp = strlen(strfor);
   double k1,k2;          if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];          strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
   double res;          printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;          fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
   double fx;        }
   int k=0,kmax=10;      }
   double l1;      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
   fx=func(x);        fptt=(*fret); 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  #ifdef DEBUG
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
     l1=pow(10,l);        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
     delts=delt;  #endif
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       delt = delta*(l1*k);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
       k1=func(p2)-fx;        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
       k2=func(p2)-fx;          ibig=i; 
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */        } 
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */  #ifdef DEBUG
              printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
 #ifdef DEBUG        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
 #endif          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){        }
         k=kmax;        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       }          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;        }
       }        printf("\n");
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         delts=delt;  #endif
       }      } 
     }      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
   }  #ifdef DEBUG
   delti[theta]=delts;        int k[2],l;
   return res;        k[0]=1;
          k[1]=-1;
 }        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 {          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
   int i;          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;        }
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;        printf("\n");
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   int k;        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
           for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   fx=func(x);            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;          }
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
     k1=func(p2)-fx;          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
          }
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;  #endif
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  
     k2=func(p2)-fx;  
          free_vector(xit,1,n); 
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
     k3=func(p2)-fx;        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
          return; 
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;      } 
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
     k4=func(p2)-fx;      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
 #ifdef DEBUG        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);        pt[j]=p[j]; 
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);      } 
 #endif      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
   }      if (fptt < fp) { 
   return res;        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
 }        if (t < 0.0) { 
           linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
 {            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
   int i,imax,j,k;          }
   double big,dum,sum,temp;  #ifdef DEBUG
   double *vv;          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
            fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   vv=vector(1,n);          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
   *d=1.0;            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
     big=0.0;          }
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)          printf("\n");
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");  #endif
     vv[i]=1.0/big;        }
   }      } 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    } 
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {  } 
       sum=a[i][j];  
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  /**** Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
       a[i][j]=sum;  
     }  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
     big=0.0;  {
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
       sum=a[i][j];       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)  
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];    int i, ii,j,k;
       a[i][j]=sum;    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {    double **matprod2();
         big=dum;    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **pmij();
         imax=i;    double **newm;
       }    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
     }  
     if (j != imax) {    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         dum=a[imax][k];        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];      }
         a[j][k]=dum;  
       }     cov[1]=1.;
       *d = -(*d);   
       vv[imax]=vv[j];   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     }    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
     indx[j]=imax;      newm=savm;
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     if (j != n) {       cov[2]=agefin;
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);    
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
     }          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
   }          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */        }
 ;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
 }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])  
 {        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
   double sum;        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
        out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  
     ip=indx[i];      savm=oldm;
     sum=b[ip];      oldm=newm;
     b[ip]=b[i];      maxmax=0.;
     if (ii)      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];        min=1.;
     else if (sum) ii=i;        max=0.;
     b[i]=sum;        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
   }          sumnew=0;
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
     sum=b[i];          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
   }        }
 }        maxmin=max-min;
         maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
 /************ Frequencies ********************/      }
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
 {  /* Some frequencies */        return prlim;
        }
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    }
   int first;  }
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  
   double *pp;  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;  
   FILE *ficresp;  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];  {
      double s1, s2;
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);    /*double t34;*/
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");  
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {        for(j=1; j<i;j++){
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);          for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);            /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
     exit(0);            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
   }  /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);          }
   j1=0;          ps[i][j]=s2;
    /*      printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
   j=cptcoveff;        }
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   first=1;            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
   /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2); */
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){          }
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){          ps[i][j]=s2;
       j1++;        }
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);      }
         scanf("%d", i);*/      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)        
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)        for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)        s1=0;
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;        for(j=1; j<i; j++){
                s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
       dateintsum=0;          /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
       k2cpt=0;        }
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         bool=1;          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
         if  (cptcovn>0) {          /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)        }
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])        ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
               bool=0;        for(j=1; j<i; j++)
         }          ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
         if (bool==1) {        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){          ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);        /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {      } /* end i */
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;      
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;      for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
               if (m<lastpass) {        for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];          ps[ii][jj]=0;
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];          ps[ii][ii]=1;
               }        }
                    }
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {      
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;  
                 k2cpt++;  /*        for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
               }  /*       for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
             }  /*         printf("ddd %lf ",ps[ii][jj]); */
           }  /*       } */
         }  /*       printf("\n "); */
       }  /*        } */
          /*        printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]); */
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);         /*
         for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
       if  (cptcovn>0) {        goto end;*/
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");      return ps;
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  }
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");  
       }  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");  {
          /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
         if(i==(int)agemax+3){    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Total");       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
         }else{       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
           if(first==1){    long i, j, k;
             first=0;    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
             printf("See log file for details...\n");      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
           }        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
           fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
         }  
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    return out;
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)  }
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  
         }  
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)  
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){  {
             if(first==1){    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
             }       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
           }else{       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
             if(first==1)       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);       for the memory).
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
           }       included manually here. 
         }  
        */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    int i, j, d, h, k;
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
         }    double **newm;
   
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
           pos += pp[jk];    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           if(pos>=1.e-5){        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             if(first==1)        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);      }
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
           }else{    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
             if(first==1)      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);        newm=savm;
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
           }        cov[1]=1.;
           if( i <= (int) agemax){        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
             if(pos>=1.e-5){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) 
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
             }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
             else          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);  
           }  
         }        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
                /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {        savm=oldm;
             if(first==1)        oldm=newm;
               printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);      }
               fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
             }        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
         if(i <= (int) agemax)          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");          /*if(h==nhstepm) printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);*/
         if(first==1)        }
           printf("Others in log...\n");      /*printf("h=%d ",h);*/
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    } /* end h */
       }  /*     printf("\n H=%d \n",h); */
     }    return po;
   }  }
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;  
    
   fclose(ficresp);  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);  double func( double *x)
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);  {
      int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   /* End of Freq */    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
 }    double **out;
     double sw; /* Sum of weights */
 /************ Prevalence ********************/    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)    int s1, s2;
 {  /* Some frequencies */    double bbh, survp;
      long ipmx;
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    /*extern weight */
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   double *pp;    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
   double pos, k2;    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
       printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);    */
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    cov[1]=1.;
    
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
   j1=0;  
      if(mle==1){
   j=cptcoveff;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
          for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       j1++;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                    savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)              }
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)            for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)            newm=savm;
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
                  for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         bool=1;            }
         if  (cptcovn>0) {            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])            savm=oldm;
               bool=0;            oldm=newm;
         }          } /* end mult */
         if (bool==1) {        
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
               if (m<lastpass) {           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
                 if (calagedate>0)           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. Then we inter(extra)polate the
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
                 else           * from savm to out if bh is negative or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
               }           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
             }           */
           }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
       }          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){          /* bias bh is positive if real duration
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)           */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
         }          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known 
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)               then the contribution to the likelihood is the probability to 
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];               die between last step unit time and current  step unit time, 
         }               which is also equal to probability to die before dh 
                       minus probability to die before dh-stepm . 
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
         }          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
                  to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];          (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
                  introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){              the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
           if( i <= (int) agemax){          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
             if(pos>=1.e-5){          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;          and month of death but the probability to survive from last
             }          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
           }          probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
         }/* end jk */          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
       }/* end i */          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
     } /* end i1 */          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
   } /* end k1 */          lower mortality.
             */
              lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);  
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);  
            } else if  (s2==-2) {
 }  /* End of Freq */            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
               survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/            /*survp += out[s1][j]; */
             lli= log(survp);
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)          }
 {          
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.          else if  (s2==-4) { 
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).            for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)  
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]            lli= log(survp); 
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.          } 
      */  
           else if  (s2==-5) { 
   int i, mi, m;            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)  
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/            lli= log(survp); 
   int first;          } 
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;          
   double sum=0.;          else{
   first=0;            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
   jmin=1e+5;            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
   jmax=-1;          } 
   jmean=0.;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
     mi=0;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
     m=firstpass;          ipmx +=1;
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){          sw += weight[i];
       if(s[m][i]>=1)          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         mw[++mi][i]=m;        } /* end of wave */
       if(m >=lastpass)      } /* end of individual */
         break;    }  else if(mle==2){
       else      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         m++;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     }/* end while */        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
          /* Only death is a correct wave */              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       mw[mi][i]=m;            }
     }          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
             newm=savm;
     wav[i]=mi;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     if(mi==0){            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       if(first==0){              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);            }
         first=1;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       if(first==1){            savm=oldm;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);            oldm=newm;
       }          } /* end mult */
     } /* end mi==0 */        
   }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
       if (stepm <=0)          ipmx +=1;
         dh[mi][i]=1;          sw += weight[i];
       else{          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {        } /* end of wave */
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {      } /* end of individual */
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
           k=k+1;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           sum=sum+j;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           }              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         }            }
         else{          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));            newm=savm;
           k=k+1;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */            }
           sum=sum+j;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
         }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         jk= j/stepm;            savm=oldm;
         jl= j -jk*stepm;            oldm=newm;
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;          } /* end mult */
         if(jl <= -ju)        
           dh[mi][i]=jk;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         else          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */          ipmx +=1;
       }          sw += weight[i];
     }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   }        } /* end of wave */
   jmean=sum/k;      } /* end of individual */
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
  }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 {              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int cptcode=0;            }
   cptcoveff=0;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
              newm=savm;
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
               cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {            }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       Ndum[ij]++;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/            savm=oldm;
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;            oldm=newm;
     }          } /* end mult */
         
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     }          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
     ij=1;            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
           }else{
             lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {          }
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {          ipmx +=1;
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {          sw += weight[i];
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
            /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
           ij++;        } /* end of wave */
         }      } /* end of individual */
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;    }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
       }        for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   }          for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
               oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
    ij=Tvar[i];            }
    Ndum[ij]++;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
  }            newm=savm;
             cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
  ij=1;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){            }
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;          
      ij++;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
    }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
  }            savm=oldm;
              oldm=newm;
  cptcoveff=ij-1;          } /* end mult */
 }        
           s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )          ipmx +=1;
           sw += weight[i];
 {          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   /* Health expectancies */          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;        } /* end of wave */
   double age, agelim, hf;      } /* end of individual */
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;    } /* End of if */
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
   double *xp;    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
   double **gp, **gm;    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;    return -l;
   int theta;  }
   
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   xp=vector(1,npar);  double funcone( double *x)
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  {
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
      int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");    double **out;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    double llt;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    int s1, s2;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    double bbh, survp;
     /*extern weight */
   if(estepm < stepm){    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
   }    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   else  hstepm=estepm;        printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months    */
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example    cov[1]=1.;
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them  
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according  
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
             oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.          }
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.          newm=savm;
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size          cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it          }
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.          savm=oldm;
   */          oldm=newm;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */        } /* end mult */
         
   agelim=AGESUP;        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);        /* bias is positive if real duration
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/         */
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);        } else if  (s2==-2) {
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);          for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);            survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
           lli= log(survp);
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored        }else if (mle==1){
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);          } else if(mle==2){
            lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
         } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
         } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
         } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){        } /* End of if */
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        ipmx +=1;
       }        sw += weight[i];
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
       cptj=0;        if(globpr){
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          fprintf(ficresilk,"%9d %6d %2d %2d %1d %1d %3d %11.6f %8.4f\
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){   %11.6f %11.6f %11.6f ", \
           cptj=cptj+1;                  num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
           }            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
         }            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
       }          }
                fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
              }
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)      } /* end of wave */
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    } /* end of individual */
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
          /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
       cptj=0;    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){      gipmx=ipmx;
           cptj=cptj+1;      gsw=sw;
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    }
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;    return -l;
           }  }
         }  
       }  
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)  /*************** function likelione ***********/
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];  {
         }    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
      }       the selection of individuals/waves and
           to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
 /* End theta */       Plotting could be done.
      */
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    int k;
   
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)      strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
              printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)      }
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight 2wlli out sav ");
       /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){    }
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);    *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)    if(*globpri !=0){
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)      fclose(ficresilk);
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
       }      fflush(fichtm); 
     }    } 
     /* Computing expectancies */    return;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){  
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
            
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
   {
         }    int i,j, iter;
     double **xi;
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );    double fret;
     cptj=0;    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
         cptj++;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
       }        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
        strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    }
   }    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
   printf("\n");    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
 }    free_matrix(xi,1,npar,1,npar);
     fclose(ficrespow);
 /************ Variance ******************/    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
 void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased)    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
 {    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   /* Variance of health expectancies */  
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/  }
   /* double **newm;*/  
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;  {
   int k, cptcode;    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
   double *xp;    double **hess;
   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */    int i, j,jk;
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */    int *indx;
   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */  
   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   double ***p3mat;    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
   double age,agelim, hf;    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
   int theta;    double gompertz(double p[]);
   char digit[4];    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   char digitp[16];  
     printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
   if(popbased==1)      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
     strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-");      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
   else     
     strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");       hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
       
   strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev");      /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
   sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);          printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
   /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/    }
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */    
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not */    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
   if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {        if (j>i) { 
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
   }          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j,func,npar);
   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);          
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);        }
   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      }
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);    }
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   }    
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     exit(0);    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   }    x=vector(1,npar);
   else{    indx=ivector(1,npar);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
     exit(0);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
   }      x[j]=1;
   else{      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing step probabilities of dying and weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   }        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      }
     }
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");  
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
   xp=vector(1,npar);      }
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      printf("\n");
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);    }
   doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  
     /* Recompute Inverse */
   gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
   gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/  
      /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
   if(estepm < stepm){  
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
   }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
   else  hstepm=estepm;        x[j]=1;
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim        y[i][j]=x[i];
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
      and note for a fixed period like k years */      }
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the      printf("\n");
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if    }
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same    */
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.  
   */    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
   agelim = AGESUP;    free_vector(x,1,npar);
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */  
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);  }
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
   double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
   {
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    int i;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    int l=1, lmax=20;
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    double k1,k2;
       }    double p2[MAXPARM+1]; /* identical to x */
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      double res;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
     double fx;
       if (popbased==1) {    int k=0,kmax=10;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double l1;
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  
       }    fx=func(x);
      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      l1=pow(10,l);
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)      delts=delt;
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
         }        delt = delta*(l1*k);
       }        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
       /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */        k1=func(p2)-fx;
       for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)        k2=func(p2)-fx;
           gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
       }            res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
       /* end force of mortality */        
   #ifdef DEBUGHESS
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    #endif
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
          if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
       if (popbased==1) {          k=kmax;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        }
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
       }          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
         }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          delts=delt;
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)        }
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];      }
         }    }
       }    delti[theta]=delts;
       /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */    return res; 
       for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)  }
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];  
       }      double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
       /* end force of mortality */  {
     int i;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];    double p2[MAXPARM+1];
         }    int k;
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */  
         gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];    fx=func(x);
       }    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     } /* End theta */      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */      k1=func(p2)-fx;
     
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      k2=func(p2)-fx;
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      k3=func(p2)-fx;
         trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];    
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      k4=func(p2)-fx;
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){  #endif
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    }
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);    return res;
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  }
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)  
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
       }  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
     }  { 
     int i,imax,j,k; 
     /* pptj */    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
     matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    double *vv; 
     matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);   
     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    vv=vector(1,n); 
       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    *d=1.0; 
         varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
     /* end ppptj */      big=0.0; 
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
     prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
        if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
     if (popbased==1) {      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    } 
         prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     }      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
            sum=a[i][j]; 
     /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
     for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        a[i][j]=sum; 
       for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)      } 
         gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];      big=0.0; 
     }          for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
     /* end force of mortality */        sum=a[i][j]; 
         for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        a[i][j]=sum; 
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){          big=dum; 
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);          imax=i; 
       }        } 
     }      } 
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");      if (j != imax) { 
         for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );          dum=a[imax][k]; 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          a[j][k]=dum; 
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);        } 
       }        *d = -(*d); 
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      } 
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      indx[j]=imax; 
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);      if (j != n) { 
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
   } /* End age */        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
   free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      } 
   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    } 
   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/  ;
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");  } 
   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */  
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);  { 
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);    double sum; 
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);   
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);      ip=indx[i]; 
       sum=b[ip]; 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);      b[ip]=b[i]; 
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      if (ii) 
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
   free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      else if (sum) ii=i; 
   free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);      b[i]=sum; 
   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    } 
   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
   fclose(ficgp);      sum=b[i]; 
   fclose(fichtm);      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
 }    } 
   } 
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/  
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)  void pstamp(FILE *fichier)
 {  {
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */    fprintf(fichier,"# %s.%s\n#%s\n#%s\n# %s", optionfilefiname,optionfilext,version,fullversion,strstart);
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/  }
   double **newm;  
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  /************ Frequencies ********************/
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[])
   int k, cptcode;  {  /* Some frequencies */
   double *xp;    
   double *gp, *gm;    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,j;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    int first;
   double age,agelim;    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   int theta;    double *pp, **prop;
        double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");    
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
     strcat(fileresp,fileres);
   xp=vector(1,npar);    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
        exit(0);
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
   agelim = AGESUP;    j1=0;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    j=cptcoveff;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);    first=1;
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);  
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        j1++;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          scanf("%d", i);*/
       }        for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          for (jk=-5; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
      
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          prop[i][m]=0;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];        dateintsum=0;
         k2cpt=0;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];          bool=1;
     } /* End theta */          if  (cptcovn>0) {
             for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
                 bool=0;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          }
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          if (bool==1){
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
               k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)              /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)                if (m<lastpass) {
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );                }
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);                  k2cpt++;
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);                }
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);                /*}*/
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);            }
   } /* End age */          }
         }
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);         
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        pstamp(ficresp);
         if  (cptcovn>0) {
 }          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
 void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)        }
 {        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
   int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
   int k=0,l, cptcode;        
   int first=1, first1;        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;          if(i==iagemax+3){
   double **dnewm,**doldm;            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
   double *xp;          }else{
   double *gp, *gm;            if(first==1){
   double **gradg, **trgradg;              first=0;
   double **mu;              printf("See log file for details...\n");
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];            }
   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
   int theta;          }
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
           }
   double ***varpij;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {              if(first==1){
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);              }
   }              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov");            }else{
   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);              if(first==1)
   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);            }
   }          }
   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor");  
   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);          }       
   }          for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);            pos += pp[jk];
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);            posprop += prop[jk][i];
   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);          }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);            if(pos>=1.e-5){
   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);              if(first==1)
                  printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");            }else{
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");              if(first==1)
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");            }
             if( i <= iagemax){
               if(pos>=1.e-5){
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){                /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);              }
       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);              else
     }                  fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");            }
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");          }
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");          
   xp=vector(1,npar);          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);              if(first==1)
   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   first=1;                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {              }
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);          if(i <= iagemax)
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
     exit(0);          if(first==1)
   }            printf("Others in log...\n");
   else{          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");        }
   }      }
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {    }
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);   
     exit(0);    fclose(ficresp);
   }    free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
   else{    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");    /* End of Freq */
   }
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");  
     fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");  /************ Prevalence ********************/
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");  void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
   {  
   }    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
         We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
   cov[1]=1;    */
   tj=cptcoveff;   
   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,j;
   j1=0;    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){    double *pp, **prop;
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){    double pos,posprop; 
       j1++;    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
          int iagemin, iagemax;
       if  (cptcovn>0) {  
         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");    iagemin= (int) agemin;
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    iagemax= (int) agemax;
         fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");    /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");    j1=0;
            
         fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");    j=cptcoveff;
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");    
            for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
              for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
         fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");        j1++;
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);        
         fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");        for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
                  for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");                prop[i][m]=0.0;
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);       
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");            for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
       }          bool=1;
                if  (cptcovn>0) {
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
         cov[2]=age;              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {                bool=0;
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];          } 
         }          if (bool==1) { 
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
                        if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);                if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
                      prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){                  prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)                } 
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);              }
                      } /* end selection of waves */
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);          }
                  }
           k=0;        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){          
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){          for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
               k=k+1;            posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];          } 
             }  
           }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
                      if( i <=  iagemax){ 
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)              if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
                  } else
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);                printf("Warning Observed prevalence probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases\n",jk,i,j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
           k=0;            } 
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){          }/* end jk */ 
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        }/* end i */ 
               k=k+1;      } /* end i1 */
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];    } /* end k1 */
             }    
           }    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
          /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];    }  /* End of prevalence */
         }  
   /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)  
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];  {
            /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
               dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
               */
         k=0;  
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){    int i, mi, m;
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
             k=k+1;       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];    int first;
           }    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
         }    double sum=0.;
         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)    first=0;
           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)    jmin=1e+5;
             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];    jmax=-1;
     jmean=0.;
         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){      mi=0;
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));      m=firstpass;
        fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
      }*/        if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5)
           mw[++mi][i]=m;
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);        if(m >=lastpass)
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);          break;
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);        else
           m++;
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)      }/* end while */
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);           /* Only death is a correct wave */
         }        mw[mi][i]=m;
         i=0;      }
         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){  
           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){      wav[i]=mi;
             i=i++;      if(mi==0){
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);        nbwarn++;
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);        if(first==0){
             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){          printf("Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);          first=1;
               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));        }
             }        if(first==1){
           }          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
         }/* end of loop for state */        }
       } /* end of loop for age */      } /* end mi==0 */
     } /* End individuals */
       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */  
       /*    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");        if (stepm <=0)
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");          dh[mi][i]=1;
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);        else{
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);              j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
       */              if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
               else if(j<0){
       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/                nberr++;
       first1=1;                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
       for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){                j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
         for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
           if(l2==k2) continue;                fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
           j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;                fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
           for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){              }
             for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){              k=k+1;
               if(l1==k1) continue;              if (j >= jmax){
               i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;                jmax=j;
               if(i<=j) continue;                ijmax=i;
               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){              }
                 if ((int)age %5==0){              if (j <= jmin){
                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;                jmin=j;
                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;                ijmin=i;
                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;              }
                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;              sum=sum+j;
                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
                   c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);              /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */            }
                   lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;          }
                   lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;          else{
                   /* Eigen vectors */            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));  /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
                   /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */  
                   v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;            k=k+1;
                   v12=-v21;            if (j >= jmax) {
                   v22=v11;              jmax=j;
                   tnalp=v21/v11;              ijmax=i;
                   if(first1==1){            }
                     first1=0;            else if (j <= jmin){
                     printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);              jmin=j;
                   }              ijmin=i;
                   fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);            }
                   /*printf(fignu*/            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */            if(j<0){
                   if(first==1){              nberr++;
                     first=0;              printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");              fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);            }
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");            sum=sum+j;
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);          }
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);          jk= j/stepm;
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);          jl= j -jk*stepm;
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);          if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\            if(jl==0){
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\              dh[mi][i]=jk;
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));              bh[mi][i]=0;
                   }else{            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
                     first=0;                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);              bh[mi][i]=ju;
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\            }
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\          }else{
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));            if(jl <= -ju){
                   }/* if first */              dh[mi][i]=jk;
                 } /* age mod 5 */              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
               } /* end loop age */                                   * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);                                   */
               first=1;            }
             } /*l12 */            else{
           } /* k12 */              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
         } /*l1 */              bh[mi][i]=ju;
       }/* k1 */            }
     } /* loop covariates */            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);              dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));              /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);            }
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);          } /* end if mle */
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        }
   }      } /* end wave */
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    }
   fclose(ficresprob);    jmean=sum/k;
   fclose(ficresprobcov);    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, num[ijmin], jmax, num[ijmax], jmean);
   fclose(ficresprobcor);    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, ijmin, jmax, ijmax, jmean);
   fclose(ficgp);   }
   fclose(fichtm);  
 }  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
   void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
   {
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/    
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \    /*      Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* find 'n' in Vn and stores in Tvar. If model=V2+V1 Tvar[1]=2 and Tvar[2]=1 */
                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\  
                   int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k=0, j=0, i=0, maxncov=NCOVMAX;
                   int popforecast, int estepm ,\    int cptcode=0;
                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \    cptcoveff=0; 
                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){   
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0; /* Horrible constant again */
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {  
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) { /* For each covariate */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
   }                                 modality*/ 
         ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual, might be -1*/
    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n        Ndum[ij]++; /*counts the occurence of this modality */
  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum value of the modality of the covariate  (should be 0 or 1 now) 
  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months):                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
    <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \      }
   jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);  
       for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) { /* i=-1 ?*/
 fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j
                                          th covariate. In fact
  m=cptcoveff;                                         ncodemax[j]=2
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}                                         (dichotom. variables only) but
                                          it can be more */
  jj1=0;      } /* Ndum[-1] number of undefined modalities */
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){  
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){      ij=1; 
      jj1++;      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) { /* i= 1 to 2 */
      if (cptcovn > 0) {        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) { /* k=-1 ?*/
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");          if (Ndum[k] != 0) { /* If at least one individual responded to this modality k */
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;  /* stores the modality in an array nbcode. 
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);                                       k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex 
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");                                       then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
      }            ij++;
      /* Pij */          }
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
 <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);            }  
      /* Quasi-incidences */      } 
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>    }  
 <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);  
        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){  
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { /* -2, cste and age */
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);     /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
        }     ij=Tvar[i]; /* Tvar might be -1 if status was unknown */
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {     Ndum[ij]++;
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>   }
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
      }   ij=1;
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
    } /* end i1 */       ij++;
  }/* End k1 */     }
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");   }
    ij--;
    cptcoveff=ij; /*Number of simple covariates*/
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n  }
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n  
  - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n  /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n  
  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n  void evsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,char strstart[] )
  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n  
  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n  {
  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);    /* Health expectancies, no variances */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2;
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n    int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n    double age, agelim, hf;
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n    double ***p3mat;
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);    double eip;
  else  
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);    pstamp(ficreseij);
 fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");    fprintf(ficreseij,"# (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age and (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age\n");
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
  m=cptcoveff;    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d%1d ",i,j);
  jj1=0;      }
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){      fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d. ",i);
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    }
      jj1++;    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
      if (cptcovn > 0) {  
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");    
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)    if(estepm < stepm){
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");    }
      }    else  hstepm=estepm;   
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);       * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      }     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
    } /* end i1 */     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
  }/* End k1 */     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
 fclose(fichtm);     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
 }     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
   int ng;       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
   }       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
 #ifdef windows       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);    */
 #endif    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);  
      agelim=AGESUP;
  /* 1eme*/    /* If stepm=6 months */
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
 #ifdef windows  /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
 #endif    /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
 #ifdef unix    nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres);  
 #endif    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
 }  
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      /* If stepm=6 months */
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");         in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      
 }      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepma,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij);  
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
 }        fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));      
 #ifdef unix      /* Computing expectancies */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n");      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 #endif        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
    }          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   }            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
   /*2 eme*/            
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);          }
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);  
          fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       k=2*i;        eip=0;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {          eip +=eij[i][j][(int)age];
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eij[i][j][(int)age] );
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        }
 }          fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eip );
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");      }
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {    }
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    printf("\n");
 }      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");    
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  }
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {  
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov,char strstart[] )
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");  
 }    {
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");    /* Covariances of health expectancies eij and of total life expectancies according
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");     to initial status i, ei. .
     }    */
   }    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2, ij, ji;
      int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
   /*3eme*/    double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3matp, ***p3matm, ***varhe;
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    double *xp, *xm;
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);    double **gp, **gm;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);    int theta;
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);  
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");    double eip, vip;
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);  
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");    xp=vector(1,npar);
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);    xm=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
 */    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {    
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);    pstamp(ficresstdeij);
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Health expectancies with standard errors\n");
       }    fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Age");
     }    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
   }      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
          fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d%1d (SE)",i,j);
   /* CV preval stat */      fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d. ",i);
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    }
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {    fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
       k=3;  
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    pstamp(ficrescveij);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);    fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Subdiagonal matrix of covariances of health expectancies by age: cov(eij,ekl)\n");
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Age");
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);        cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
              for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;          for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);            cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {            if(cptj2 <= cptj)
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;              fprintf(ficrescveij,"  %1d%1d,%1d%1d",i,j,i2,j2);
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);          }
       }      }
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);      fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
     }    
   }      if(estepm < stepm){
        printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   /* proba elementaires */    }
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
       if (k != i) {     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
           jk++;     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
         }     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
       }     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
     }     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
    }     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        if (ng==2)       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        else       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        i=1;       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
          k3=i;       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {    */
            if (k != k2){    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
              if(ng==2)  
                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);    /* If stepm=6 months */
              else    /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);    agelim=AGESUP;
              ij=1;    nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); 
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {    /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {    /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);    nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
                  ij++;    
                }    p3matp=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
                else    p3matm=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
              }    trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");    gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
                  gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){    
                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
                ij=1;      nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);      nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
                    ij++;  
                  }      /* If stepm=6 months */
                  else      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);         in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
                }      
                fprintf(ficgp,")");      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
              }  
              fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);      /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");      /* Gradient is computed with plus gp and minus gm. Code is duplicated in order to
              i=i+ncovmodel;         decrease memory allocation */
            }      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
          } /* end k */        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
        } /* end k2 */          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
      } /* end jk */          xm[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
    } /* end ng */        }
    fclose(ficgp);        hpxij(p3matp,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij);  
 }  /* end gnuplot */        hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xm,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij);  
     
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
 /*************** Moving average **************/          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
               gp[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matp[i][j][h]+p3matp[i][j][h+1])/2.;
   int i, cpt, cptcod;              gm[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.;
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)            }
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          }
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)        }
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;       
            for(ij=1; ij<= nlstate*nlstate; ij++)
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){            gradg[h][theta][ij]= (gp[h][ij]-gm[h][ij])/2./delti[theta];
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){          }
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){      }/* End theta */
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];      
           }      
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
         }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
       }          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     }            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
          
 }  
        for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
         for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
 /************** Forecasting ******************/          varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] =0.;
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){  
         printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
   int *popage;       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   double ***p3mat;          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];          for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
             for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
  agelim=AGESUP;              varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] += doldm[ij][ji]*hf*hf;
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;        }
       }
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);  
        /* Computing expectancies */
        hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij);  
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);            
   }            /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);          }
   
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;      fprintf(ficresstdeij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
   if (mobilav==1) {        eip=0.;
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        vip=0.;
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   }          eip += eij[i][j][(int)age];
           for(k=1; k<=nlstate;k++) /* Sum on j and k of cov(eij,eik) */
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;            vip += varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(k-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age];
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;          fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(j-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age]) );
          }
   agelim=AGESUP;        fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eip, sqrt(vip));
        }
   hstepm=1;      fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);      fprintf(ficrescveij,"%3.0f",age );
   anprojmean=yp;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   mprojmean=yp;          cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);          for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
   jprojmean=yp;            for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;              cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;              if(cptj2 <= cptj)
                  fprintf(ficrescveij," %.4f", varhe[cptj][cptj2][(int)age]);
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);            }
          }
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){      fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){     
       k=k+1;    }
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");    free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       }    free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");    free_ma3x(p3matm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");    free_ma3x(p3matp,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);    printf("\n");
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
        
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {    free_vector(xm,1,npar);
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);      free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  }
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  
            /************ Variance ******************/
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[])
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  {
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      /* Variance of health expectancies */
            /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    /* double **newm;*/
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    double **dnewm,**doldm;
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
             }    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    int k, cptcode;
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;    double *xp;
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                  double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
                 if (mobilav==1)    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
                 else {    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
                 }    double ***p3mat;
                    double age,agelim, hf;
               }    double ***mobaverage;
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){    int theta;
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);    char digit[4];
                            char digitp[25];
               }  
             }    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
           }  
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    if(popbased==1){
         }      if(mobilav!=0)
       }        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
     }      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
   }    }
            else 
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
   
   fclose(ficresf);    if (mobilav!=0) {
 }      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
 /************** Forecasting ******************/      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
          printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;      }
   int *popage;    }
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;  
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
     strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
   agelim=AGESUP;    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    }
      printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);    pstamp(ficresprobmorprev);
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   }      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
     }  
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
   if (mobilav==1) {    /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   }  /*   } */
     varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    pstamp(ficresvij);
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
      if(popbased==1)
   agelim=AGESUP;      fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
      else
   hstepm=1;      fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   if (popforecast==1) {      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e.%1d, e.%1d)",i,j);
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);  
     }    xp=vector(1,npar);
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
        doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     i=1;    
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
        gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     imx=i;    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
   }    
     if(estepm < stepm){
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    }
       k=k+1;    else  hstepm=estepm;   
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
       }       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");       Look at function hpijx to understand why (it is linked to memory size questions) */
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
             you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);      */
            hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){    agelim = AGESUP;
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
                nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
              gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {  
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
             }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;        }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
                 if (mobilav==1)        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];  
                 else {        if (popbased==1) {
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];          if(mobilav ==0){
                 }            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               }              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/          }
               }        }
             }    
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
               kk1=0.;          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
                 }          }
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];        }
             }        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
            computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)           as a weighted average of prlim.
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);        */
           }        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
         }            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
       }        }    
          /* end probability of death */
   /******/  
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);   
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;        if (popbased==1) {
                    if(mobilav ==0){
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);          }
             }        }
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {  
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  /* Sum of wi * eij = e.j */
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                        for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];                for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
               }              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);          }
             }        }
           }        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
         }           as a weighted average of prlim.
       }        */
    }        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   }          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
             gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        }    
         /* end probability of death */
   if (popforecast==1) {  
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
   }          }
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
   fclose(ficrespop);          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
 }        }
   
 /***********************************************/      } /* End theta */
 /**************** Main Program *****************/  
 /***********************************************/      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
   
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
 {        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;  
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   double fret;          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
   double **xi,tmp,delta;    
   
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   double ***p3mat;      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   int *indx;        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];  
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
   int c,  h , cpt,l;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   int ju,jl, mi;          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
   int hstepm, nhstepm;        }
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;      }
     
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;      /* pptj */
   double ftolpl=FTOL;      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   double **prlim;      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
   double *severity;      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   double  *p;          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */      /* end ppptj */
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */      /*  x centered again */
   double *delti; /* Scale */      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   double ***eij, ***vareij;      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */   
   double *epj, vepp;      if (popbased==1) {
   double kk1, kk2;        if(mobilav ==0){
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
         }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
         }
   char z[1]="c", occ;      }
 #include <sys/time.h>               
 #include <time.h>      /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];         computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
           as a weighted average of prlim.
   /* long total_usecs;      */
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
   getcwd(pathcd, size);      }    
       /* end probability of death */
   printf("\n%s",version);  
   if(argc <=1){      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     scanf("%s",pathtot);        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
   }        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
   else{          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);        }
   }      } 
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);  
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);        }
   chdir(path);      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   replace(pathc,path);      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   /* Log file */      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);    } /* End age */
   strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     goto end;    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
   }    fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
   fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   fflush(ficlog);  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   /* */    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   strcpy(fileres,"r");    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
     /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
   /*---------arguments file --------*/  */
   /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.png\";replot;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     goto end;    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   }    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   strcpy(filereso,"o");    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   strcat(filereso,fileres);    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);    fflush(ficgp);
     goto end;    fflush(fichtm); 
   }  }  /* end varevsij */
   
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, char strstart[])
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  {
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
     puts(line);    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
     fputs(line,ficparo);    double **newm;
   }    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     int k, cptcode;
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);    double *xp;
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    double *gp, *gm;
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    double **gradg, **trgradg;
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    double age,agelim;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    int theta;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    
     puts(line);    pstamp(ficresvpl);
     fputs(line,ficparo);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences \n");
   }    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);  
   cptcovn=0;    xp=vector(1,npar);
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;    
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   /* Read guess parameters */    agelim = AGESUP;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
     puts(line);      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
     fputs(line,ficparo);      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
   }      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){        }
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       if(mle==1)          gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);      
       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
         if(mle==1){        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);  
         }        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         else          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);      } /* End theta */
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);  
       }      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  
       if(mle==1)      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         printf("\n");        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  
     }      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
          varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
   p=param[1][1];      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
          varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
     puts(line);      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
     fputs(line,ficparo);      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
   }      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    } /* End age */
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */  
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);  
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);  }
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);  {
       }    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
       printf("\n");    int k=0,l, cptcode;
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    int first=1, first1;
     }    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
   }    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   delti=delti3[1][1];    double *xp;
      double *gp, *gm;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    double **gradg, **trgradg;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    double **mu;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
     puts(line);    int theta;
     fputs(line,ficparo);    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
   }    char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
    
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    double ***varpij;
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){  
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
     if(mle==1)    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
       printf("%s",str);    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
     fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){    }
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
       if(mle==1){    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
         printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
       }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
       else    }
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
     }    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
     if(mle==1)      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       printf("\n");    }
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
   }    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
        pstamp(ficresprob);
   if(mle==1)    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
     printf("\n");    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    pstamp(ficresprobcov);
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/    pstamp(ficresprobcor);
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"# Age");
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */  
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */  
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
     }        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
          }  
     /*-------- data file ----------*/   /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;   */
     }    xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     n= lastobs;    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
     num=ivector(1,n);    first=1;
     moisnais=vector(1,n);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
     annais=vector(1,n);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
     moisdc=vector(1,n);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     andc=vector(1,n);  
     agedc=vector(1,n);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4></li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
     cod=ivector(1,n);    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n\
     weight=vector(1,n);    file %s<br>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated\
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);  and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);   They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);      It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);  would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);  standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
    Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
     i=1;   and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {  To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {  
            cov[1]=1;
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){    tj=cptcoveff;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
           strcpy(line,stra);    j1=0;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
         }        j1++;
                if  (cptcovn>0) {
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         }          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
         num[i]=atol(stra);          
                  
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){          fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
         i=i+1;          
       }          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
     }          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
        scanf("%d",i);*/        }
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */        
         for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){          cov[2]=age;
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;          }
     }*/          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/          
            gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
            trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);      
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
   Tage=ivector(1,15);                    xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
                
   if (strlen(model) >1){            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;            
     j=nbocc(model,'+');            k=0;
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
     cptcovn=j+1;              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     cptcovprod=j1;                k=k+1;
                    gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
     strcpy(modelsav,model);              }
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){            }
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);            
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
       goto end;              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
     }      
                pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){            k=0;
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyze it */              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/                k=k+1;
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */              }
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/            }
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */       
           cptcovprod--;            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/          }
           cptcovage++;  
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
         }              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */          
           cptcovprod--;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);          free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           cptcovage++;          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;          free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         }          free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         else {  /* Age is not in the model */  
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;          
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */          k=0;
           Tprod[k1]=i;          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */              k=k+1;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];            }
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)          }
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
           k1++;            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
           k2=k2+2;              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
         }  
       }          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
       else { /* no more sum */            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');            }*/
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);  
       }          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
         scanf("%d",i);*/  
     } /* end of loop + */          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
   } /* end model */            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);          }
   scanf("%d ",i);*/          i=0;
     fclose(fic);          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
             for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
     /*  if(mle==1){*/              i=i++;
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
     }              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
               }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {            }
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {          }/* end of loop for state */
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){        } /* end of loop for age */
          anint[m][i]=9999;  
          s[m][i]=-1;        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
        }        /*
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;          fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label");
       }          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
     }          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
         if(s[m][i] >0){        */
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {  
             if(agedc[i]>0)        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)        first1=1;
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
            else {            if(l2==k2) continue;
               if (andc[i]!=9999){            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
               agev[m][i]=-1;                if(l1==k1) continue;
               }                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
             }                if(i<=j) continue;
           }                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */                  if ((int)age %5==0){
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
               agev[m][i]=1;                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
               agemin=agev[m][i];                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
             }                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
               agemax=agev[m][i];                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/                    /* Eigen vectors */
             }                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
           }                    v12=-v21;
           else { /* =9 */                    v22=v11;
             agev[m][i]=1;                    tnalp=v21/v11;
             s[m][i]=-1;                    if(first1==1){
           }                      first1=0;
         }                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
         else /*= 0 Unknown */                    }
           agev[m][i]=1;                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
       }                    /*printf(fignu*/
                        /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
     }                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {                    if(first==1){
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){                      first=0;
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
           goto end;                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
         }   :<a href=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">\
       }  %s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
     }                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                               subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
  fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
     free_vector(annais,1,n);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/                    }else{
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);                      first=0;
     free_vector(andc,1,n);                      fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
     wav=ivector(1,imx);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                        }/* if first */
     /* Concatenates waves */                  } /* age mod 5 */
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);                } /* end loop age */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                 first=1;
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);              } /*l12 */
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);            } /* k12 */
       ncodemax[1]=1;          } /*l1 */
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);        }/* k1 */
            } /* loop covariates */
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);    }
    h=0;    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){    free_matrix(dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){    fclose(ficresprob);
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){    fclose(ficresprobcov);
            h++;    fclose(ficresprobcor);
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;    fflush(ficgp);
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/    fflush(fichtmcov);
          }  }
        }  
      }  
    }  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
       }                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
       printf("\n");    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
       }  
       scanf("%d",i);*/     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><a href='#firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a>\n \
         <li><a href='#secondorder'>Result files (second order (variance)</a>\n \
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age  </ul>");
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4><a name='firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a></h4>\n \
    - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n ",
                 jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirf2(fileres,"p"),subdirf2(fileres,"p"));
         fprintf(fichtm,"\
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */             stepm,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),subdirf2(fileres,"pij"));
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */     fprintf(fichtm,"\
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */   - Period (stable) prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */             subdirf2(fileres,"pl"),subdirf2(fileres,"pl"));
           fprintf(fichtm,"\
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]   - (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age, ei. (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age, eij . If one or more covariates are included, specific tables for each value of the covariate are output in sequences within the same file (estepm=%2d months): \
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */     <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */             estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),subdirf2(fileres,"e"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
     if(mle==1){   - Population projections by age and states: \
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);     <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>", subdirf2(fileres,"f"),subdirf2(fileres,"f"));
     }  
      fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
     /*--------- results files --------------*/  
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);   m=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
    jk=1;   jj1=0;
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");       jj1++;
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){       if (cptcovn > 0) {
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
        if (k != i)         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
          {           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);       }
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);       /* Pij */
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: <a href=\"%s%d1.png\">%s%d1.png</a><br> \
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);  <img src=\"%s%d1.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1);     
              fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);       /* Quasi-incidences */
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
              jk++;   before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: <a href=\"%s%d2.png\">%s%d2.png</a><br> \
            }  <img src=\"%s%d2.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1); 
            printf("\n");         /* Period (stable) prevalence in each health state */
            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Period (stable) prevalence in each health state : <a href=\"%s%d%d.png\">%s%d%d.png</a><br> \
          }  <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1);
      }         }
    }       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
    if(mle==1){          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Life expectancy by health state (%d) at initial age and its decomposition into health expectancies : <a href=\"%s%d%d.png\">%s%d%d.png</a> <br> \
      /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */  <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1);
      ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */       }
      hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);     } /* end i1 */
    }   }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");  
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");  
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){   fprintf(fichtm,"\
      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){  \n<br><li><h4> <a name='secondorder'>Result files (second order: variances)</a></h4>\n\
        if (j!=i) {   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n", rfileres,rfileres);
          fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);  
          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);   fprintf(fichtm," - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
          fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);           subdirf2(fileres,"prob"),subdirf2(fileres,"prob"));
          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){   fprintf(fichtm,"\
            printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);           subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"));
            fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);  
            jk++;   fprintf(fichtm,"\
          }   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
          printf("\n");           subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"));
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");   fprintf(fichtm,"\
          fprintf(ficres,"\n");   - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age and <b>initial health status</b> (cov(e<sup>ij</sup>,e<sup>kl</sup>)(estepm=%2d months): \
        }     <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
      }             estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"cve"),subdirf2(fileres,"cve"));
    }   fprintf(fichtm,"\
       - (a) Health expectancies by health status at initial age (e<sup>ij</sup>) and standard errors (in parentheses) (b) life expectancies and standard errors (e<sup>i.</sup>=e<sup>i1</sup>+e<sup>i2</sup>+...)(estepm=%2d months): \
    k=1;     <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
    fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");             estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"stde"),subdirf2(fileres,"stde"));
    if(mle==1)   fprintf(fichtm,"\
      printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");   - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age. Status (i) based health expectancies (in state j), e<sup>ij</sup> are weighted by the period prevalences in each state i (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");           estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"v"),subdirf2(fileres,"v"));
    for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){   fprintf(fichtm,"\
      /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;   - Total life expectancy and total health expectancies to be spent in each health state e<sup>.j</sup> with their standard errors (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
          i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;           estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"t"),subdirf2(fileres,"t"));
          fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);   fprintf(fichtm,"\
          printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/   - Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
      fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);           subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"));
      if(mle==1)  
        printf("%3d",i);  /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
      fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);  /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
      for(j=1; j<=i;j++){  /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
        fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);  /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
        if(mle==1)  /*  else  */
          printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);  /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
        fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);   fflush(fichtm);
      }   fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
      fprintf(ficres,"\n");  
      if(mle==1)   m=cptcoveff;
        printf("\n");   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
      k++;   jj1=0;
    }   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
         for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){       jj1++;
      ungetc(c,ficpar);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
      puts(line);         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
      fputs(line,ficparo);           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
    }         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
    ungetc(c,ficpar);       }
    estepm=0;       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
    fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
    if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;  prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br>\
    if (fage <= 2) {  <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1);  
      bage = ageminpar;       }
      fage = agemaxpar;       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
    }  health expectancies in states (1) and (2). If popbased=1 the smooth (due to the model) \
      true period expectancies (those weighted with period prevalences are also\
    fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");   drawn in addition to the population based expectancies computed using\
    fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);   observed and cahotic prevalences: %s%d.png<br>\
    fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);  <img src=\"%s%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1);
         } /* end i1 */
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){   }/* End k1 */
      ungetc(c,ficpar);   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);   fflush(fichtm);
      puts(line);  }
      fputs(line,ficparo);  
    }  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
    ungetc(c,ficpar);  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
    
    fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);    char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
    fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    int m0,cpt=0,k1=0,i=0,k=0,j=0,jk=0,k2=0,k3=0,ij=0,l=0;
    fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    int ng=0;
      /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
      ungetc(c,ficpar);  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  /*   } */
      puts(line);  
      fputs(line,ficparo);    /*#ifdef windows */
    }    fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
    ungetc(c,ficpar);      /*#endif */
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;    strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;    strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
    /* 1eme*/
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  set ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  set ter png small\n\
     puts(line);  set size 0.65,0.65\n\
     fputs(line,ficparo);  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);         else        fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);       }
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Period (stable) prevalence\" w l 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
     ungetc(c,ficpar);       } 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1); 
     puts(line);       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
     fputs(line,ficparo);         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   }         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   ungetc(c,ficpar);       }  
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",subdirf2(fileres,"p"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);     }
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);    }
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);    /*2 eme*/
     
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),k1);
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/      fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);      
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {        k=2*i;
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
   }        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
   fclose(ficgp);          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
  printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/        }   
         if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   }          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
   fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
 \n        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">        }   
  <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
  - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n      }
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);    }
   fclose(fichtm);    
     /*3eme*/
  printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);    
      for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
  chdir(path);        /*       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2); */
          k=2+(nlstate+1)*(cpt-1);
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,k1);
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\n\
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    set size 0.65,0.65\n\
  free_ivector(num,1,n);  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
  fclose(ficparo);          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
  fclose(ficres);          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/          
          */
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {          /*      fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);*/
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;          
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;        } 
   }        fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d.\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+nlstate,cpt);
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);      }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    }
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");    
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");    /* CV preval stable (period) */
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");      for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
          k=3;
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,k1);
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n\
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  unset log y\n\
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */        
   k=0;        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
   agebase=ageminpar;          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
   agelim=agemaxpar;        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
   ftolpl=1.e-10;        
   i1=cptcoveff;        l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}        fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
         k=k+1;        }
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");      } 
         printf("\n#******");    }  
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");    
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    /* proba elementaires */
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        if (k != i) {
         }          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
         printf("******\n");            jk++; 
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");            fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
                  }
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){        }
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);      }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );     }
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);     for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
         }         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jk,ng); 
       }         if (ng==2)
     }           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
   fclose(ficrespl);         else
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
           i=1;
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {           k3=i;
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;             if (k != k2){
   }               if(ng==2)
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);                 fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);               else
                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;               ij=1;
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
   agelim=AGESUP;                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */                   ij++;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */                 }
                  else
   /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                }
   k=0;               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){               
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){               for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
       k=k+1;                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");                 ij=1;
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                             ij++;
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */                   }
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */                   else
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                  }
           /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
                }
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);                 i=i+ncovmodel;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");             }
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)           } /* end k */
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)         } /* end k2 */
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);       } /* end jk */
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");     } /* end ng */
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){     fflush(ficgp); 
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );  }  /* end gnuplot */
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)  
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);  /*************** Moving average **************/
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");  int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
              }  
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    int i, cpt, cptcod;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    int modcovmax =1;
         }    int mobilavrange, mob;
     }    double age;
   }  
     modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
   varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);                             a covariate has 2 modalities */
     if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
   fclose(ficrespij);  
     if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
       if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/      else mobilavrange=mobilav;
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);          for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
   }            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
   else{      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
     erreur=108;         fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);         we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);      */ 
   }      for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
          for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
           for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
   strcpy(filerest,"t");                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
   strcat(filerest,fileres);                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;                }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
   }            }
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);          }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);        }/* end age */
       }/* end mob */
     }else return -1;
   strcpy(filerese,"e");    return 0;
   strcat(filerese,fileres);  }/* End movingaverage */
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);  /************** Forecasting ******************/
   }  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);       agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
   strcpy(fileresv,"v");       anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);    */
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {    int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);    int *popage;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);    double agec; /* generic age */
   }    double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);    double ***p3mat;
   calagedate=-1;    double ***mobaverage;
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
   k=0;    agelim=AGESUP;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){   
       k=k+1;    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");    strcat(fileresf,fileres);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");    if (mobilav!=0) {
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      }
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    }
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);    
      stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    if(estepm < stepm){
       varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
       if(popbased==1){    }
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
        }  
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
      yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");                                 fractional in yp1 */
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);    anprojmean=yp;
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);    yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){    jprojmean=yp;
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
         if (popbased==1) {    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];    i1=cptcoveff;
         }    if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
            
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);    fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){    
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {    fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];  
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/  /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
           }    for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         }        k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)          fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];        }
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));        fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){        fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
         }          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");            fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
       }          fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
     }        }
   }        for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);          fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);          fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
     free_vector(weight,1,n);  
   fclose(ficreseij);          for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
   fclose(ficresvij);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
   fclose(ficrest);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
   fclose(ficpar);            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
              hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/            
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");              if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);                fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {                for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);                  fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
     exit(0);                fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
   }              } 
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 ppij=0.;
   k=0;                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){                  if (mobilav==1) 
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){                    ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
       k=k+1;                  else {
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");                    ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)                  }
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);                  if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");                    fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
                        }
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);                } /* end i */
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;                if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);                  fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
     }                }
  }              }/* end j */
             } /* end h */
   fclose(ficresvpl);            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           } /* end agec */
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/        } /* end yearp */
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      } /* end cptcod */
      } /* end  cptcov */
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);         
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
    
      fclose(ficresf);
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  }
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
      
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);    int *popage;
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    double ***mobaverage;
   fclose(fichtm);    char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   fclose(ficgp);  
      tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   if(erreur >0){    agelim=AGESUP;
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    
   }else{    prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
    printf("End of Imach\n");    
    fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");    
   }    strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
   printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);    strcat(filerespop,fileres);
   fclose(ficlog);    if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/    }
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   /*------ End -----------*/    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
  end:  
 #ifdef windows    if (mobilav!=0) {
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
 #endif      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/      }
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    }
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);  
  strcat(plotcmd," ");    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
  system(plotcmd);    
     agelim=AGESUP;
 #ifdef windows    
   while (z[0] != 'q') {    hstepm=1;
     /* chdir(path); */    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");    
     scanf("%s",z);    if (popforecast==1) {
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");      if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);        printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);      } 
   }      popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
 #endif      popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
 }      popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
       
       i=1;   
       while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
      
       imx=i;
       for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
         if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
         
         for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
                   tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
                     /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
                       if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                 }
               }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
                   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                     kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                   }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
   
               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
    
     /******/
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
               }
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
      } 
     }
    
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficrespop);
   } /* End of popforecast */
   
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   
   
   /**************** function prwizard **********************/
   void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
   
     /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     int i,j, k, l, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     } /* end itimes */
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz(double x[])
   { 
     double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
    
     return -2*L*num/sump;
   }
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtmlmort(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,  double p[],double **matcov,double agemortsup){
     int i,k;
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
     fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
     for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
       fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.png\">");
     fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Life table</h4>\n <br>");
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\nAge   l<inf>x</inf>     q<inf>x</inf> d(x,x+1)    L<inf>x</inf>     T<inf>x</inf>     e<infx</inf><br>");
   
    for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
      fprintf(fichtm,"%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf<br>\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
   
    
     fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplotmort(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
   
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
   
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.png\"\n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set ter png small\n set log y\n"); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
   
   } 
   
   
   
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
     int linei, month, year,iout;
     int jj, ll, li, lj, lk, imk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     int itimes;
     int NDIM=2;
     int vpopbased=0;
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     char dummy[]="                         ";
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     struct stat info;
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     char linetmp[MAXLINE];
       char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE],model[MAXLINE];
     char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE]; 
     char **bp, *tok, *val; /* pathtot */
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     int agemortsup;
     float  sumlpop=0.;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
     char  *strt, strtend[80];
     char *stratrunc;
     int lstra;
   
     long total_usecs;
    
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
     curr_time=start_time;
     tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tm));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       fgets(pathr,FILENAMELENGTH,stdin);
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(pathr[i-1]=='\n')
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
      for (tok = pathr; tok != NULL; ){
         printf("Pathr |%s|\n",pathr);
         while ((val = strsep(&tok, "\"" )) != NULL && *val == '\0');
         printf("val= |%s| pathr=%s\n",val,pathr);
         strcpy (pathtot, val);
         if(pathr[0] == '\0') break; /* Dirty */
       }
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     /* Split argv[0], imach program to get pathimach */
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s argv[1]=%s, \n",argv[0],argv[1]);
     split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s pathimach=%s, \noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
    /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
     /* Split argv[1]=pathtot, parameter file name to get path, optionfile, extension and name */
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\npathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if(getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
       printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Problem creating directory or it already exists %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
   
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
     /* where is ncovprod ?*/
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age : v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes 5+2=7*/
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     nforces= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate; /* Number of forces ij from state i to j */
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters like aij*/
     if(npar >MAXPARM || nlstate >NLSTATEMAX || ndeath >NDEATHMAX || ncovmodel>NCOVMAX){
       printf("Too complex model for current IMaCh: npar=(nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel=%d >= %d(MAXPARM) or nlstate=%d >= %d(NLSTATEMAX) or ndeath=%d >= %d(NDEATHMAX) or ncovmodel=(k+age+#of+signs)=%d(NCOVMAX) >= %d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Too complex model for current IMaCh: %d >=%d(MAXPARM) or %d >=%d(NLSTATEMAX) or %d >=%d(NDEATHMAX) or %d(NCOVMAX) >=%d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fflush(stdout);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
       exit(0);
     }
     else if(mle==-3) {
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }
     else{
       /* Read guess parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n \
   It might be a problem of design; if ncovcol and the model are correct\n \
   run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       p=param[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=1; j <=npar; j++) matcov[i][j]=0.;
         
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%s",str);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
       strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
       strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n); /* s[i][j] health state for wave i and individual j */ 
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     linei=0;
     while ((fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL) &&((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs))) {
       linei=linei+1;
       for(j=strlen(line); j>=0;j--){  /* Untabifies line */
         if(line[j] == '\t')
           line[j] = ' ';
       }
       for(j=strlen(line)-1; (line[j]==' ')||(line[j]==10)||(line[j]==13);j--){
         ;
       };
       line[j+1]=0;  /* Trims blanks at end of line */
       if(line[0]=='#'){
         fprintf(ficlog,"Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         printf("Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         continue;
       }
       trimbb(linetmp,line); /* Trims multiple blanks in line */
       for (j=0; line[j]!='\0';j++){
         line[j]=linetmp[j];
       }
     
   
       for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing status */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
         /*        if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
             goto end;
           }
         }
         s[j][i]=lval;
         
         strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
         if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year) != 0){
         }
         else  if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.") != 0){
           month=99;
           year=9999;
         }else{
           printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           goto end;
         }
         anint[j][i]= (double) year; 
         mint[j][i]= (double)month; 
         strcpy(line,stra);
       } /* ENd Waves */
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year) != 0){
       }
       else  if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
           goto end;
       }
       andc[i]=(double) year; 
       moisdc[i]=(double) month; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year) != 0){
       }
       else  if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.") != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           goto end;
       }
       annais[i]=(double)(year);
       moisnais[i]=(double)(month); 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       errno=0;
       dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
       if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
         printf("Error reading data around '%f' at line number %ld, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%f' at line number %ld, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fflush(ficlog);
         goto end;
       }
       weight[i]=dval; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing status */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%d' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%d' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);fflush(ficlog);
             goto end;
           }
         }
         if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
           printf("Error reading data around '%d' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%d' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           goto end;
         }
         covar[j][i]=(double)(lval);
         strcpy(line,stra);
       }  
       lstra=strlen(stra);
        
       if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
         stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
         num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
       }
       else
         num[i]=atol(stra);
       /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
         printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
       
       i=i+1;
     } /* End loop reading  data */
     fclose(fic);
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) */
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameters from char model */
     Tvar=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Was 15 changed to NCOVMAX. Stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; /* Number of covariates V1+V2+V3 =>2+1=3 */
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products  V1*V2 =1 */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);fflush(ficlog);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
       /* j is the number of + signs in the model V1+V2+V3 j=2 i=3 to 1 */
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the first '+' 
                                        modelsav=V2+V3*age+V1+V4 strb=V3*age+V1+V4 
                                        stra=V2
                                       */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product V1+V3*age+V2 strb=V3*age*/
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn: V3*age strc=age strd=V3 ; V3*V2 strc=V2, strd=V3 */
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  /* V1+V3*age+V2 Tvar[2]=3 */
             cptcovage++; /* Sums the number of covariates including age as a product */
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;  /* Tage[1] =2 */
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model V1+V3*V2+V2  strb=V3*V2*/
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n; strb=V3*V2 stre=3 strc=*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;  /* find 'n' in Vn and stores in Tvar. 
                                     If already ncovcol=2 and model=V2*V1 Tvar[1]=2+1 and Tvar[2]=2+2 etc */
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;  /* Tprod[1]  */
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  /* modelsav=V2+V3*age+V1+V4 strb=V3*age+V1+V4 */ 
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           nberr++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){ /* scans any effective covariate */
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){ /* i=1 to 8/1=8; i=1 to 8/2=4; i=1 to 8/8=1 */ 
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){ /* For each modality of this covariate */
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){  /* cpt=1 to 8/2**(3+1-1 or 3+1-3) =1 or 4 */ 
             h++;
             if (h>m) 
               h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d Tvar[k]=%d codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k],codtab[h][Tvar[k]]);
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
          printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);
       exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n",\
             optionfilehtmcov,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Parameter file: <a href=\"%s.%s\">%s.%s</a><br>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             optionfilehtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             optionfilefiname,optionfilext,optionfilefiname,optionfilext,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
             imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
   
     if (mle==-3){
       ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
       cens=ivector(1,n);
       ageexmed=vector(1,n);
       agecens=vector(1,n);
       dcwave=ivector(1,n);
    
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         dcwave[i]=-1;
         for (m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++)
           if (s[m][i]>nlstate) {
             dcwave[i]=m;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];
           agecens[i]=1.; 
   
           if (ageexmed[i]> 1 && wav[i] > 0){
             agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
             cens[i]= 1;
           }else if (ageexmed[i]< 1) 
             cens[i]= -1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP && agedc[i]>1 && dcwave[i]>firstpass && dcwave[i]<=lastpass)
             cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
       
       p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083;
       /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
       
       
       printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
       strcpy(filerespow,"pow-mort"); 
       strcat(filerespow,fileres);
       if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       }
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
       /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
           if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       */
       fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
       
       powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, p, NDIM, delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
           printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) 
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
   
       lsurv=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       tpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lsurv[agegomp]=100000;
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<=AGESUP;k++) {
         agemortsup=k;
         if (p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp))>1) break;
       }
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++)
         lsurv[k+1]=lsurv[k]-lsurv[k]*(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)));
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++){
         lpop[k]=(lsurv[k]+lsurv[k+1])/2.;
         sumlpop=sumlpop+lpop[k];
       }
       
       tpop[agegomp]=sumlpop;
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-3);k++){
         /*  tpop[k+1]=2;*/
         tpop[k+1]=tpop[k]-lpop[k];
       }
       
       
       printf("\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)\n");
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
         printf("%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
       
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplotmort(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtmlmort(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
       
       free_vector(lsurv,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(lpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(tpop,1,AGESUP);
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 */
     
     else{ /* For mle >=1 */
       globpr=0;/* debug */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
       
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           if (k != i) {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%lf ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%lf ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%lf ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       if(mle!=0){
         /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
         ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
         hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if (j!=i) {
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       if(mle>=1)
         printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
       /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
       /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
       */
       for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
         jj=0;
         for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             if(j==i) continue;
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               jj++;
               ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
               if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       estepm=0;
       fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
       if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
       if (fage <= 2) {
         bage = ageminpar;
         fage = agemaxpar;
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
       fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
       fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       
       dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
       dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
       fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
       
       
       
       /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
       /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplot(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
         
      /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
      /*  chdir(path); */
    
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
       free_lvector(num,1,n);
       free_vector(agedc,1,n);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
   
   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
       strcat(filerespl,fileres);
       if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       pstamp(ficrespl);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"# Period (stable) prevalence \n");
       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
       agebase=ageminpar;
       agelim=agemaxpar;
       ftolpl=1.e-10;
       i1=cptcoveff;
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           /* to clean */
           printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtab[cptcod][cptcov],nbcode);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
           printf("\n#******");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
           printf("******\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
           for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
             for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
       pstamp(ficrespij);
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
           for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
             /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                   fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
               fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
   
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
   
       fclose(ficrespij);
   
       probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=NCOVMAX;j++)
           for(k=1;k<=NCOVMAX;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
   
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
       if(prevfcast==1){
         /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
         /*      }  */
         /*      else{ */
         /*        erreur=108; */
         /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*      } */
       }
     
   
       /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
   
       prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
           ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       */
   
       if (mobilav!=0) {
         mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
           fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         }
       }
   
   
       /*---------- Health expectancies, no variances ------------*/
   
       strcpy(filerese,"e");
       strcat(filerese,fileres);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1; 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
           eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           evsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, strstart);  
         
           free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         }
       }
       fclose(ficreseij);
   
   
       /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
   
       strcpy(filerest,"t");
       strcat(filerest,fileres);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
       strcpy(fileresstde,"stde");
       strcat(fileresstde,fileres);
       if((ficresstdeij=fopen(fileresstde,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
   
       strcpy(filerescve,"cve");
       strcat(filerescve,fileres);
       if((ficrescveij=fopen(filerescve,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Covar. Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Covar. Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Covar. of Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Covar. of Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
   
       strcpy(fileresv,"v");
       strcat(fileresv,fileres);
       if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1; 
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n#****** ");
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficresstdeij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficrescveij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"******\n");
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
           eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           cvevsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart);  
    
           vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           pstamp(ficrest);
           for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,vpopbased,mobilav, strstart);   fprintf(ficrest,"# Total life expectancy with std error and decomposition into time to be expected in each health state\n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
             if(vpopbased==1)
               fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d)\n",mobilav);
             else
               fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
             fprintf(ficrest,"# Age e.. (std) ");
             for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
             epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
             for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
               prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
               if (vpopbased==1) {
                 if(mobilav ==0){
                   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                     prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
                 }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                     prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
                 }
               }
           
               fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
               for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
                 for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
                   epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
                   /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
                 }
                 epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
               }
   
               for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
                 for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                   vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
                 fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
               }
               fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
             }
           }
           free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
         }
       }
       free_vector(weight,1,n);
       free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
       free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
       free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_ivector(cod,1,n);
       free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       fclose(ficresstdeij);
       fclose(ficrescveij);
       fclose(ficresvij);
       fclose(ficrest);
       fclose(ficpar);
     
       /*------- Variance of period (stable) prevalence------*/   
   
       strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
       strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
       if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance of period (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
         exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
           varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k,strstart);
           free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         }
       }
   
       fclose(ficresvpl);
   
       /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
       if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
    endfree:
     free_matrix(prlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
       free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
       /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
       free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
   
       free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
       free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
   
       free_imatrix(nbcode,0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
       free_imatrix(codtab,1,100,1,10);
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
   
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&tm));
     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
   
     printf("Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
   
      printf("Before Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
      if(chdir(pathcd) != 0)
       printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n",path);
     if(getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0)
       printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     /*strcat(plotcmd,CHARSEPARATOR);*/
     sprintf(plotcmd,"gnuplot");
   #ifndef UNIX
     sprintf(plotcmd,"\"%sgnuplot.exe\"",pathimach);
   #endif
     if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
       printf("Error gnuplot program not found: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       if(!stat(getenv("GNUPLOTBIN"),&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: %s Environment GNUPLOTBIN not set.\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #ifdef UNIX
       strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
       if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #endif
     }else
       strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
     
     sprintf(plotcmd,"%s %s",pplotcmd, optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
   
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf("\n Problem with gnuplot\n");
     }
     printf(" Wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') {
         printf("Starting browser with: %s",optionfilehtm);fflush(stdout);
         system(optionfilehtm);
       }
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
   }
   
   
   

Removed from v.1.51  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.132


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