Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.14 and 1.53

version 1.14, 2002/02/20 17:05:44 version 1.53, 2002/07/23 23:59:37
Line 1 Line 1
      /* $Id$
 /*********************** Imach **************************************             Interpolated Markov Chain
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from cross-longitudinal  
   data. Cross-longitudinal consist in a first survey ("cross") where    Short summary of the programme:
   individuals from different ages are interviewed on their health status    
   or degree of  disability. At least a second wave of interviews    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   ("longitudinal") should  measure each new individual health status.    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
   Health expectancies are computed from the transistions observed between    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
   waves and are computed for each degree of severity of disability (number    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
   of life states). More degrees you consider, more time is necessary to    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
   reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   the probabibility to be observed in state j at the second wave conditional    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
   to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore the model is:    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
   log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex'    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
   is a covariate. If you want to have a more complex model than "constant and    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
   age", you should modify the program where the markup    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
     *Covariates have to be included here again* invites you to do it.    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
   More covariates you add, less is the speed of the convergence.    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
     'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
   The advantage that this computer programme claims, comes from that if the    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
   delay between waves is not identical for each individual, or if some    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
   individual missed an interview, the information is not rounded or lost, but    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
   taken into account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    convergence.
   hPijx is the probability to be  
   observed in state i at age x+h conditional to the observed state i at age    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
   x. The delay 'h' can be split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   unobserved intermediate  states. This elementary transition (by month or    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   quarter trimester, semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
   The hPx matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply hPijx.  
     hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
      states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   from the European Union.    hPijx.
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and  
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits. 
   **********************************************************************/    
      Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
 #include <math.h>             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
 #include <stdio.h>    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
 #include <stdlib.h>    from the European Union.
 #include <unistd.h>    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
     software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
 #define MAXLINE 256    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    **********************************************************************/
 /*#define DEBUG*/   
 #define windows  #include <math.h>
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */  #include <stdio.h>
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */  #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <unistd.h>
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */  
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  #define MAXLINE 256
   #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 #define NINTERVMAX 8  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  #define FILENAMELENGTH 80
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */  /*#define DEBUG*/
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */  #define unix
 #define MAXN 20000  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
 #define AGESUP 130  
 #define AGEBASE 40  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
   #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   
 int nvar;  #define NINTERVMAX 8
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
 int npar=NPARMAX;  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  #define MAXN 20000
 int ncovmodel, ncov;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
 int popbased=0, fprev,lprev;  #define AGESUP 130
   #define AGEBASE 40
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */  #ifdef windows
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
 int mle, weightopt;  #else
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */  #endif
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */  
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */  char version[80]="Imach version 0.8j, July 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf;  int erreur; /* Error number */
 FILE *ficgp, *fichtm,*ficresprob;  int nvar;
 FILE *ficreseij;  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];  int npar=NPARMAX;
  FILE  *ficresvij;  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
  FILE  *ficresvpl;  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  int popbased=0;
   
 #define NR_END 1  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 #define FREE_ARG char*  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
   int mle, weightopt;
 #define NRANSI  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
 #define ITMAX 200  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
   double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
   double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  FILE *ficlog;
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
   FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
 #define GOLD 1.618034  FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  FILE *ficreseij;
 #define TINY 1.0e-20  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
   FILE  *ficresvij;
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  FILE  *ficresvpl;
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
    char title[MAXLINE];
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
 static double sqrarg;  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
 int imx;  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
 int stepm;  
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
 int m,nb;  #define NR_END 1
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  #define FREE_ARG char*
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  
   #define NRANSI 
 double *weight;  #define ITMAX 200 
 int **s; /* Status */  
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  
   #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
   
 /**************** split *************************/  #define GOLD 1.618034 
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name )  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 {  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
   #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    
    s = strrchr( path, '\\' );           /* find last / */  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  
       extern char       *getwd( );  static double sqrarg;
   #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
 #else  
       extern char       *getcwd( );  int imx; 
   int stepm;
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
 #endif  
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  int estepm;
       }  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */  
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  int m,nb;
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */  int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */  double dateintmean=0;
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */  
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  double *weight;
    }  int **s; /* Status */
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */  
 }  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
   double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
   
 /******************************************/  /**************** split *************************/
   static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  {
 {     char *s;                             /* pointer */
   int i;     int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
   int lg=20;  
   i=0;     l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */
   lg=strlen(t);     if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {     s= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
     (s[i] = t[i]);     if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';       /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
   }         printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
 }  #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */
         extern char       *getwd( );
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  
 {        if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {
   int i,j=0;  #else
   int lg=20;        extern char       *getcwd( );
   i=0;  
   lg=strlen(s);        if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  #endif
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;           return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
   }        }
   return j;        strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */
 }     } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */
         s++;                              /* after this, the filename */
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)        l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */
 {        if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   int i,lg,j,p=0;        strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */
   i=0;        strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {        dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;     }
   }     l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */
   #ifdef windows
   lg=strlen(t);     if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  #else
     (u[j] = t[j]);     if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   }  #endif
      u[p]='\0';     s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
      s++;
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {     strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);     l1= strlen( name);
   }     l2= strlen( s)+1;
 }     strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
 /********************** nrerror ********************/     return( 0 );                         /* we're done */
   }
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  
 {  
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  /******************************************/
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  
   exit(1);  void replace(char *s, char*t)
 }  {
 /*********************** vector *******************/    int i;
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)    int lg=20;
 {    i=0;
   double *v;    lg=strlen(t);
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");      (s[i] = t[i]);
   return v-nl+NR_END;      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
 }    }
   }
 /************************ free vector ******************/  
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
 {  {
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    int i,j=0;
 }    int lg=20;
     i=0;
 /************************ivector *******************************/    lg=strlen(s);
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
 {    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
   int *v;    }
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    return j;
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");  }
   return v-nl+NR_END;  
 }  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
   {
 /******************free ivector **************************/    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
 {       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    int i,lg,j,p=0;
 }    i=0;
     for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    }
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  
 {    lg=strlen(t);
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
   int **m;      (u[j] = t[j]);
      }
   /* allocate pointers to rows */       u[p]='\0';
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
   m += NR_END;      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
   m -= nrl;    }
    }
    
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */  /********************** nrerror ********************/
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  void nrerror(char error_text[])
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  {
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
      fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    exit(1);
    }
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  /*********************** vector *******************/
   return m;  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
 }  {
     double *v;
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
       int **m;    return v-nl+NR_END;
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;  }
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */  
 {  /************************ free vector ******************/
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));  {
 }    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   }
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  /************************ivector *******************************/
 {  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;  {
   double **m;    int *v;
     v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    return v-nl+NR_END;
   m += NR_END;  }
   m -= nrl;  
   /******************free ivector **************************/
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  {
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  }
   
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
   return m;  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
 }       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
   { 
 /*************************free matrix ************************/    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    int **m; 
 {    
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
 }    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
     m += NR_END; 
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    m -= nrl; 
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)    
 {    
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
   double ***m;    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
     if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
   m += NR_END;    
   m -= nrl;    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
     
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    return m; 
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  } 
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  
   /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
         int **m;
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  { 
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;  } 
    
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {  /******************* matrix *******************************/
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  {
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
   }    double **m;
   return m;  
 }    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
     if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/    m += NR_END;
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    m -= nrl;
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    m[nrl] += NR_END;
 }    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   
 /***************** f1dim *************************/    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
 extern int ncom;    return m;
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  }
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  
    /*************************free matrix ************************/
 double f1dim(double x)  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
 {  {
   int j;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
   double f;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
   double *xt;  }
    
   xt=vector(1,ncom);  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);  {
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
   return f;    double ***m;
 }  
     m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
 /*****************brent *************************/    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)    m += NR_END;
 {    m -= nrl;
   int iter;  
   double a,b,d,etemp;    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   double ftemp;    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   double e=0.0;  
      for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   x=w=v=bx;    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
     xm=0.5*(a+b);    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/    
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
 #ifdef DEBUG      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
 #endif    }
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    return m;
       *xmin=x;  }
       return fx;  
     }  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
     ftemp=fu;  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {  {
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       q=2.0*(q-r);  }
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;  
       q=fabs(q);  /***************** f1dim *************************/
       etemp=e;  extern int ncom; 
       e=d;  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));   
       else {  double f1dim(double x) 
         d=p/q;  { 
         u=x+d;    int j; 
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    double f;
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);    double *xt; 
       }   
     } else {    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
     }    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     fu=(*f)(u);    return f; 
     if (fu <= fx) {  } 
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;  
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  /*****************brent *************************/
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
         } else {  { 
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;    int iter; 
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {    double a,b,d,etemp;
             v=w;    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
             w=u;    double ftemp;
             fv=fw;    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
             fw=fu;    double e=0.0; 
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {   
             v=u;    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
             fv=fu;    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
           }    x=w=v=bx; 
         }    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
   }    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
   *xmin=x;      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
   return fx;      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
 }      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
             double (*func)(double))      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
 {  #endif
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
   double fu;        *xmin=x; 
          return fx; 
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);      } 
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);      ftemp=fu;
   if (*fb > *fa) {      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
       }        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);        q=2.0*(q-r); 
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
   while (*fb > *fc) {        q=fabs(q); 
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);        etemp=e; 
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);        e=d; 
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);        else { 
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {          d=p/q; 
       fu=(*func)(u);          u=x+d; 
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
       fu=(*func)(u);            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
       if (fu < *fc) {        } 
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))      } else { 
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
           }      } 
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
       u=ulim;      fu=(*f)(u); 
       fu=(*func)(u);      if (fu <= fx) { 
     } else {        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
       fu=(*func)(u);          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
     }          } else { 
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
       }              v=w; 
 }              w=u; 
               fv=fw; 
 /*************** linmin ************************/              fw=fu; 
             } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
 int ncom;              v=u; 
 double *pcom,*xicom;              fv=fu; 
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);            } 
            } 
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))    } 
 {    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,    *xmin=x; 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    return fx; 
   double f1dim(double x);  } 
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,  
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
   int j;  
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
   double fx,fb,fa;              double (*func)(double)) 
    { 
   ncom=n;    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
   pcom=vector(1,n);    double fu; 
   xicom=vector(1,n);   
   nrfunc=func;    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
     pcom[j]=p[j];    if (*fb > *fa) { 
     xicom[j]=xi[j];      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
   }        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
   ax=0.0;        } 
   xx=1.0;    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    while (*fb > *fc) { 
 #ifdef DEBUG      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
 #endif      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
     xi[j] *= xmin;      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
     p[j] += xi[j];      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
   }        fu=(*func)(u); 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);        fu=(*func)(u); 
 }        if (fu < *fc) { 
           SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
 /*************** powell ************************/            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,            } 
             double (*func)(double []))      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
 {        u=ulim; 
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,        fu=(*func)(u); 
               double (*func)(double []));      } else { 
   int i,ibig,j;        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;        fu=(*func)(u); 
   double fp,fptt;      } 
   double *xits;      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
   pt=vector(1,n);        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
   ptt=vector(1,n);        } 
   xit=vector(1,n);  } 
   xits=vector(1,n);  
   *fret=(*func)(p);  /*************** linmin ************************/
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];  
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {  int ncom; 
     fp=(*fret);  double *pcom,*xicom;
     ibig=0;  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
     del=0.0;   
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)  { 
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
     printf("\n");                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    double f1dim(double x); 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
       fptt=(*fret);                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
 #ifdef DEBUG    int j; 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
 #endif    double fx,fb,fa;
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);   
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    ncom=n; 
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {    pcom=vector(1,n); 
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    xicom=vector(1,n); 
         ibig=i;    nrfunc=func; 
       }    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
 #ifdef DEBUG      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    } 
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);    ax=0.0; 
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    xx=1.0; 
       }    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("\n");    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
 #endif    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
     }  #endif
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
 #ifdef DEBUG      xi[j] *= xmin; 
       int k[2],l;      p[j] += xi[j]; 
       k[0]=1;    } 
       k[1]=-1;    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)  } 
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);  
       printf("\n");  /*************** powell ************************/
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {              double (*func)(double [])) 
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];  { 
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
         }                double (*func)(double [])); 
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    int i,ibig,j; 
       }    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
 #endif    double fp,fptt;
     double *xits;
     pt=vector(1,n); 
       free_vector(xit,1,n);    ptt=vector(1,n); 
       free_vector(xits,1,n);    xit=vector(1,n); 
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);    xits=vector(1,n); 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);    *fret=(*func)(p); 
       return;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
     }    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");      fp=(*fret); 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      ibig=0; 
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];      del=0.0; 
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
       pt[j]=p[j];      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
     }      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) 
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
     if (fptt < fp) {      fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);      printf("\n");
       if (t < 0.0) {      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];        fptt=(*fret); 
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];  #ifdef DEBUG
         }        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
 #ifdef DEBUG        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);  #endif
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
         printf("\n");        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
 #endif        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
       }          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
     }          ibig=i; 
   }        } 
 }  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
 {          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */        }
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   int i, ii,j,k;          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
   double **matprod2();        }
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();        printf("\n");
   double **newm;        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */  #endif
       } 
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  #ifdef DEBUG
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        int k[2],l;
     }        k[0]=1;
         k[1]=-1;
    cov[1]=1.;        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
          fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
     newm=savm;          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */        }
      cov[2]=agefin;        printf("\n");
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
         /*printf("ij=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf\n",ij, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k]);*/            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
       }            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];          }
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
         }
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/  #endif
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/  
   
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
         free_vector(xits,1,n); 
     savm=oldm;        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
     oldm=newm;        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
     maxmax=0.;        return; 
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){      } 
       min=1.;      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
       max=0.;      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
         sumnew=0;        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];        pt[j]=p[j]; 
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);      } 
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);      if (fptt < fp) { 
       }        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
       maxmin=max-min;        if (t < 0.0) { 
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
     }          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
       return prlim;            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
     }          }
   }  #ifdef DEBUG
 }          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
             printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
 {          }
   double s1, s2;          printf("\n");
   /*double t34;*/          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;  #endif
         } 
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){      } 
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){    } 
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  } 
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/  
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];  /**** Prevalence limit ****************/
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  
       }  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
       ps[i][j]=s2;  {
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
     }       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    int i, ii,j,k;
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/    double **matprod2();
       }    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
       ps[i][j]=(s2);    double **newm;
     }    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
   }  
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      s1=0;      }
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)  
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);     cov[1]=1.;
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)   
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)      newm=savm;
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)       cov[2]=agefin;
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
   } /* end i */          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
           /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){        }
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
       ps[ii][jj]=0;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
       ps[ii][ii]=1;          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
     }  
   }        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
         /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
         /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);      savm=oldm;
    }      oldm=newm;
     printf("\n ");      maxmax=0.;
     }      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/        min=1.;
 /*        max=0.;
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
   goto end;*/          sumnew=0;
     return ps;          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
 }          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
           max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
         }
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)        maxmin=max-min;
 {        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times      }
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized        return prlim;
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns      }
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */    }
   long i, j, k;  }
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)  
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)  
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   {
   return out;    double s1, s2;
 }    /*double t34;*/
     int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
   
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j<i;j++){
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
 {          /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
      duration (i.e. until          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.        }
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step        ps[i][j]=s2;
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).        /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be      }
      included manually here.      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
      */          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
           /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
   int i, j, d, h, k;        }
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];        ps[i][j]=s2;
   double **newm;      }
     }
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)  
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);       s1=0;
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
     }        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
       newm=savm;      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       cov[1]=1.;      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)    } /* end i */
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
         ps[ii][jj]=0;
         ps[ii][ii]=1;
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/      }
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/    }
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));  
       savm=oldm;    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
       oldm=newm;      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
     }       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)     }
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      printf("\n ");
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];      }
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
          */  /*
       }    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
   } /* end h */    goto end;*/
   return po;      return ps;
 }  }
   
   /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/  
 double func( double *x)  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
 {  {
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
   double **out;    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
   long ipmx;    long i, j, k;
   /*extern weight */    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);  
   */    return out;
   cov[1]=1.;  }
   
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;  
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];  
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)  {
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month 
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){       duration (i.e. until
         newm=savm;       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
         }       included manually here. 
          
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,       */
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));  
         savm=oldm;    int i, j, d, h, k;
         oldm=newm;    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
            double **newm;
          
       } /* end mult */    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
          for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       ipmx +=1;        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       sw += weight[i];      }
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     } /* end of wave */    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
   } /* end of individual */      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
         newm=savm;
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */        cov[1]=1.;
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
   return -l;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
 }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
           cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))  
 {        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
   int i,j, iter;        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
   double **xi,*delti;        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
   double fret;                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        savm=oldm;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        oldm=newm;
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)      }
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
   printf("Powell\n");        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
           /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));           */
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f ",iter,func(p));        }
     } /* end h */
 }    return po;
   }
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/  
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))  
 {  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;  double func( double *x)
   double **hess;  {
   int i, j,jk;    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   int *indx;    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
     double **out;
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;    long ipmx;
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;    /*extern weight */
     /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
     /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    */
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    cov[1]=1.;
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);  
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   }      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       if (j>i) {        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);          newm=savm;
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);          cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];              for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
       }          }
     }          
   }          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   printf("\n");                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           savm=oldm;
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");          oldm=newm;
            
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        } /* end mult */
   x=vector(1,npar);        
   indx=ivector(1,npar);        lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];        ipmx +=1;
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);        sw += weight[i];
         ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {      } /* end of wave */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    } /* end of individual */
     x[j]=1;  
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
     }    return -l;
   }  }
   
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
     }  {
     printf("\n");    int i,j, iter;
   }    double **xi,*delti;
     double fret;
   /* Recompute Inverse */    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {     printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
     x[j]=1;    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  }
       y[i][j]=x[i];  
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
     }  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
     printf("\n");  {
   }    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
   */    double **hess;
     int i, j,jk;
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);    int *indx;
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);  
   free_vector(x,1,npar);    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
     void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
   
 }    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
 {    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
   int i;      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
   int l=1, lmax=20;      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
   double k1,k2;      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
   double res;      /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;    }
   double fx;    
   int k=0,kmax=10;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
   double l1;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
         if (j>i) { 
   fx=func(x);          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
     l1=pow(10,l);          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
     delts=delt;          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){        }
       delt = delta*(l1*k);      }
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;    }
       k1=func(p2)-fx;    printf("\n");
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       k2=func(p2)-fx;  
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
          
 #ifdef DEBUG    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
 #endif    x=vector(1,npar);
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */    indx=ivector(1,npar);
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
         k=kmax;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
       }    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */  
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){      x[j]=1;
         delts=delt;      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
       }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
     }        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
   }      }
   delti[theta]=delts;    }
   return res;  
      printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
 }    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
 {        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
   int i;        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;      }
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;      printf("\n");
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   int k;    }
   
   fx=func(x);    /* Recompute Inverse */
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  
     k1=func(p2)-fx;    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
    
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     k2=func(p2)-fx;      x[j]=1;
        lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;        y[i][j]=x[i];
     k3=func(p2)-fx;        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
          fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;      }
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;      printf("\n");
     k4=func(p2)-fx;      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */    }
 #ifdef DEBUG    */
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);  
 #endif    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
   }    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
   return res;    free_vector(x,1,npar);
 }    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
     free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/  
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)  
 {  }
   int i,imax,j,k;  
   double big,dum,sum,temp;  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
   double *vv;  double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
    {
   vv=vector(1,n);    int i;
   *d=1.0;    int l=1, lmax=20;
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    double k1,k2;
     big=0.0;    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)    double res;
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;    double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");    double fx;
     vv[i]=1.0/big;    int k=0,kmax=10;
   }    double l1;
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {    fx=func(x);
       sum=a[i][j];    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
       a[i][j]=sum;      l1=pow(10,l);
     }      delts=delt;
     big=0.0;      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {        delt = delta*(l1*k);
       sum=a[i][j];        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)        k1=func(p2)-fx;
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
       a[i][j]=sum;        k2=func(p2)-fx;
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
         big=dum;        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
         imax=i;        
       }  #ifdef DEBUG
     }        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
     if (j != imax) {        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {  #endif
         dum=a[imax][k];        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
         a[j][k]=dum;          k=kmax;
       }        }
       *d = -(*d);        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
       vv[imax]=vv[j];          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
     }        }
     indx[j]=imax;        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;          delts=delt;
     if (j != n) {        }
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);      }
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;    }
     }    delti[theta]=delts;
   }    return res; 
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */    
 ;  }
 }  
   double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])  {
 {    int i;
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
   double sum;    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
      double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    int k;
     ip=indx[i];  
     sum=b[ip];    fx=func(x);
     b[ip]=b[i];    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
     if (ii)      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
     else if (sum) ii=i;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
     b[i]=sum;      k1=func(p2)-fx;
   }    
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
     sum=b[i];      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      k2=func(p2)-fx;
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];    
   }      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
 }      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       k3=func(p2)-fx;
 /************ Frequencies ********************/    
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
 {  /* Some frequencies */      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
        k4=func(p2)-fx;
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  #ifdef DEBUG
   double *pp;      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
   double pos;      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
   FILE *ficresp;  #endif
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];    }
     return res;
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  }
  probs= ma3x(1,130 ,1,8, 1,8);  
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {  { 
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);    int i,imax,j,k; 
     exit(0);    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
   }    double *vv; 
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);   
   j1=0;    vv=vector(1,n); 
     *d=1.0; 
   j=cptcoveff;    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}      big=0.0; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){      if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
        j1++;      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);    } 
          scanf("%d", i);*/    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)        for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          sum=a[i][j]; 
            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
              freq[i][jk][m]=0;        a[i][j]=sum; 
              } 
        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      big=0.0; 
          bool=1;      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
          if  (cptcovn>0) {        sum=a[i][j]; 
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
                bool=0;        a[i][j]=sum; 
          }        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
           if (bool==1) {          big=dum; 
            for(m=fprev; m<=lprev; m++){          imax=i; 
              if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;        } 
              if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;      } 
              freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];      if (j != imax) { 
              freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
            }          dum=a[imax][k]; 
          }          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
        }          a[j][k]=dum; 
         if  (cptcovn>0) {        } 
          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");        *d = -(*d); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
        fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");      } 
         }      indx[j]=imax; 
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);      if (j != n) { 
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
                for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
   for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){      } 
     if(i==(int)agemax+3)    } 
       printf("Total");    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
     else  ;
       printf("Age %d", i);  } 
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  
       for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  { 
     }    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    double sum; 
       for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)   
         pos += freq[jk][m][i];    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)      ip=indx[i]; 
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);      sum=b[ip]; 
       else      b[ip]=b[i]; 
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);      if (ii) 
     }        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       else if (sum) ii=i; 
      for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      b[i]=sum; 
       for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    } 
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
      }      sum=b[i]; 
       for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
       pos += pp[jk];    } 
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  } 
       if(pos>=1.e-5)  
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);  /************ Frequencies ********************/
       else  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  {  /* Some frequencies */
       if( i <= (int) agemax){    
         if(pos>=1.e-5){    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
           fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);    int first;
           probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
           /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/    double *pp;
         }    double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
       else    FILE *ficresp;
           fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
       }    
     }    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
         if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
     if(i <= (int) agemax)    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
       fprintf(ficresp,"\n");      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
     printf("\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
     }      exit(0);
     }    }
  }    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
      j1=0;
   fclose(ficresp);    
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);    j=cptcoveff;
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
 }  /* End of Freq */    first=1;
   
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)        j1++;
 {        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.          scanf("%d", i);*/
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
      */        
         dateintsum=0;
   int i, mi, m;        k2cpt=0;
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/          bool=1;
           if  (cptcovn>0) {
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
   double sum=0.;              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
   jmin=1e+5;                bool=0;
   jmax=-1;          }
   jmean=0.;          if (bool==1) {
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
     mi=0;              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
     m=firstpass;              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
       if(s[m][i]>=1)                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
         mw[++mi][i]=m;                if (m<lastpass) {
       if(m >=lastpass)                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
         break;                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];
       else                }
         m++;                
     }/* end while */                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */                  k2cpt++;
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */                }
          /* Only death is a correct wave */              }
       mw[mi][i]=m;            }
     }          }
         }
     wav[i]=mi;         
     if(mi==0)        fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);  
   }        if  (cptcovn>0) {
           fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
       if (stepm <=0)        }
         dh[mi][i]=1;        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
       else{          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {        
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);        for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */          if(i==(int)agemax+3){
           k=k+1;            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;          }else{
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;            if(first==1){
           sum=sum+j;              first=0;
           /* if (j<10) printf("j=%d num=%d ",j,i); */              printf("See log file for details...\n");
           }            }
         }            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
         else{          }
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
           k=k+1;            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;          }
           /*   if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
           sum=sum+j;            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
         }              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
         jk= j/stepm;            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
         jl= j -jk*stepm;              if(first==1){
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
         if(jl <= -ju)              }
           dh[mi][i]=jk;              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
         else            }else{
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;              if(first==1)
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       }            }
     }          }
   }  
   jmean=sum/k;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
  }              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/          }
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)  
 {          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;            pos += pp[jk];
   int cptcode=0;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   cptcoveff=0;            if(pos>=1.e-5){
                if(first==1)
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
             }else{
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {              if(first==1)
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       Ndum[ij]++;            }
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/            if( i <= (int) agemax){
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;              if(pos>=1.e-5){
     }                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);
                 probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;              }
     }              else
     ij=1;                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);
             }
           }
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {          
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
           ij++;              if(first==1)
         }                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
       }                }
     }          if(i <= (int) agemax)
   }              fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
           if(first==1)
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;            printf("Others in log...\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {        }
       ij=Tvar[i];      }
       Ndum[ij]++;    }
     }    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
    
  ij=1;    fclose(ficresp);
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncov)){    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;    
      ij++;    /* End of Freq */
    }  }
  }  
    /************ Prevalence ********************/
     cptcoveff=ij-1;  void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)
 }  {  /* Some frequencies */
    
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
     double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij)    double *pp;
 {    double pos, k2;
   /* Health expectancies */  
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
   double age, agelim,hf;    
   double ***p3mat;    freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
      j1=0;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");    
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");    j=cptcoveff;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d",i,j);    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
         j1++;
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /*  Every j years of age (in month) */        
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
           for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
   agelim=AGESUP;            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */       
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
     /* Typically if 20 years = 20*12/6=40 stepm */          bool=1;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;          if  (cptcovn>0) {
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically 40/4=10 */            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored                bool=0;
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */          } 
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);            if (bool==1) { 
             for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
               k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
           eij[i][j][(int)age] +=p3mat[i][j][h];                if (m<lastpass) {
         }                  if (calagedate>0) 
                        freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];
     hf=1;                  else
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;                    freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%.0f",age );                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i]; 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){              }
         fprintf(ficreseij," %.4f", hf*eij[i][j][(int)age]);            }
       }          }
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");        }
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){ 
   }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
 }            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
 /************ Variance ******************/          }
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
 {            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
   /* Variance of health expectancies */              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/          }
   double **newm;          
   double **dnewm,**doldm;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
   int k, cptcode;              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
   double *xp;          }
   double **gp, **gm;          
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];
   double ***p3mat;          
   double age,agelim;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    
   int theta;            if( i <= (int) agemax){
               if(pos>=1.e-5){
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");              }
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            }
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          }/* end jk */
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);        }/* end i */
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");      } /* end i1 */
     } /* end k1 */
   xp=vector(1,npar);  
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
      free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */  }  /* End of Freq */
   agelim = AGESUP;  
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  {
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);       dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
        and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){       */
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */  
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    int i, mi, m;
       }    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);         double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    int first;
     int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
       if (popbased==1) {    double sum=0.;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    first=0;
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    jmin=1e+5;
       }    jmax=-1;
          jmean=0.;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      mi=0;
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)      m=firstpass;
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
         }        if(s[m][i]>=1)
       }          mw[++mi][i]=m;
            if(m >=lastpass)
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */          break;
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        else
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);            m++;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      }/* end while */
       if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
       if (popbased==1) {        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];           /* Only death is a correct wave */
       }        mw[mi][i]=m;
       }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      wav[i]=mi;
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)      if(mi==0){
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];        if(first==0){
         }          printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
       }          first=1;
         }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)        if(first==1){
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];        }
         }      } /* end mi==0 */
     } /* End theta */    }
   
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)        if (stepm <=0)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          dh[mi][i]=1;
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        else{
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {
             if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)            if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;            k=k+1;
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){            if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);            sum=sum+j;
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);            /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            }
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)          }
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j];          else{
       }            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
     }            k=k+1;
     h=1;            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) h=stepm/YEARM;            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            sum=sum+j;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          }
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", h*vareij[i][j][(int)age]);          jk= j/stepm;
       }          jl= j -jk*stepm;
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);          if(jl <= -ju)
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);            dh[mi][i]=jk;
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);          else
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);            dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          if(dh[mi][i]==0)
   } /* End age */            dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
          }
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);      }
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    }
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    jmean=sum/k;
     printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
 }    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
    }
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/  
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
 {  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */  {
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;
   double **newm;    int cptcode=0;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    cptcoveff=0; 
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;   
   int k, cptcode;    for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   double *xp;    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
   double *gp, *gm;  
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
   double age,agelim;      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
   int theta;        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);
            Ndum[ij]++; 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; 
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      }
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);  
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
         if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;
   xp=vector(1,npar);      }
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      ij=1; 
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
    
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {
   agelim = AGESUP;          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */            
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;            ij++;
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */          }
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);        }  
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);      } 
     }  
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){  
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
       }   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);     ij=Tvar[i];
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)     Ndum[ij]++; 
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];   }
      
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */   ij=1;
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);   for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)       Tvaraff[ij]=i; 
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];       ij++;
      }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)   }
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];   
     } /* End theta */   cptcoveff=ij-1;
   }
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);  
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];  
   {
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    /* Health expectancies */
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    double age, agelim, hf;
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    double **dnewm,**doldm;
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */    double *xp;
     double **gp, **gm;
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int theta;
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));  
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);    xp=vector(1,npar);
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);    
   } /* End age */    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
 }  
     if(estepm < stepm){
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
 void varprob(char fileres[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij)    }
 {    else  hstepm=estepm;   
   int i, j;    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
   int k=0, cptcode;     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
   double **dnewm,**doldm;     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
   double *xp;     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
   double *gp, *gm;     * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according
   double **gradg, **trgradg;     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
   int theta;     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");  
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
   }       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
   printf("Computing variance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
   xp=vector(1,npar);       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
         results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
   cov[1]=1;    */
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
     cov[2]=age;  
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,9);    agelim=AGESUP;
     trgradg=matrix(1,9,1,npar);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
     gp=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     gm=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
          /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
            gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
          gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
       k=0;  
       for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath); i++){      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
            k=k+1;      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
           gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];   
         }  
       }      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)      /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       k=0;        }
       for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    
           k=k+1;        cptj=0;
           gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
         }          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
       }            cptj=cptj+1;
                  for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
        for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
            gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];              }
     }          }
         }
      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)       
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)       
       trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
            xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,9,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,9,1,npar,1,9,gradg);        
         cptj=0;
      pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
      k=0;            cptj=cptj+1;
      for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
          k=k+1;            }
          gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];          }
         }        }
      }        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)
                for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
      /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){          }
               } 
      
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));  /* End theta */
      }*/  
        trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);  
        for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
   for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)
     if (i== 2) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
 if (i== 4) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
   }       
   
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));       for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);  
 }       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
  free_vector(xp,1,npar);       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
 fclose(ficresprob);       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
  exit(0);        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
 }          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);
 /***********************************************/          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)
 /**************** Main Program *****************/            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)
 /***********************************************/              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
         }
 /*int main(int argc, char *argv[])*/      }
 int main()      /* Computing expectancies */
 {      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
   double agemin=1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;            
   /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   double fret;  
   double **xi,tmp,delta;          }
   
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
   double ***p3mat;      cptj=0;
   int *indx;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   char title[MAXLINE];          cptj++;
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];        }
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];     
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);
   int c,  h , cpt,l;      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
   int ju,jl, mi;      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;    }
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;    printf("\n");
   int mobilav=0, fprevfore=1, lprevfore=1;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   int hstepm, nhstepm;  
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
   double ftolpl=FTOL;    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);
   double **prlim;    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);
   double *severity;  }
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */  
   double  *p;  /************ Variance ******************/
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */  {
   double *delti; /* Scale */    /* Variance of health expectancies */
   double ***eij, ***vareij;    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */    /* double **newm;*/
   double *epj, vepp;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   double kk1;    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
   char version[80]="Imach version 64b, May 2001, INED-EUROREVES ";    int k, cptcode;
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];    double *xp;
     double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
     double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
   char z[1]="c", occ;    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
 #include <sys/time.h>    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
 #include <time.h>    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];    double ***p3mat;
   /* long total_usecs;    double age,agelim, hf;
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;    double ***mobaverage;
      int theta;
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */    char digit[4];
     char digitp[16];
   
   printf("\nIMACH, Version 0.64b");    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");  
     if(popbased==1)
 #ifdef windows      strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-");
   scanf("%s",pathtot);    else
   getcwd(pathcd, size);      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);    if(mobilav==1)
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/      strcat(digitp,"mobilav-");
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/    else
       strcat(digitp,"nomobil-");
 split(pathtot, path,optionfile);    if (mobilav==1) {
   chdir(path);      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   replace(pathc,path);      movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage);
 #endif    }
 #ifdef unix  
   scanf("%s",optionfile);    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
 #endif    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
     /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
     strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
   strcpy(fileres,"r");    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
   strcat(fileres, optionfile);    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   /*---------arguments file --------*/      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
     }
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     goto end;    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");
   }    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   strcpy(filereso,"o");      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
   strcat(filereso,fileres);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;    }  
   }    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      exit(0);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    }
     puts(line);    else{
     fputs(line,ficparo);      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
   }    }
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncov, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);      exit(0);
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncov,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    }
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    else{
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s (à revoir) <br>\n",digitp);
     puts(line);    }
     fputs(line,ficparo);    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
      fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
   fscanf(ficpar,"fprevalence=%d lprevalence=%d pop_based=%d\n",&fprev,&lprev,&popbased);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
  while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);    xp=vector(1,npar);
   }    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   fscanf(ficpar,"fprevalence=%d lprevalence=%d mob_average=%d\n",&fprevfore,&lprevfore,&mobilav);    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
    
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   cptcovn=0;    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;    
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */    if(estepm < stepm){
        printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   /* Read guess parameters */    }
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    else  hstepm=estepm;   
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
     puts(line);       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
     fputs(line,ficparo);       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
   }       and note for a fixed period like k years */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
         survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    */
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    agelim = AGESUP;
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       }      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       printf("\n");      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  
     }  
        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   p=param[1][1];        }
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        if (popbased==1) {
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          if(mobilav !=1){
     puts(line);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     fputs(line,ficparo);              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
   }          }else{ /* mobilav=1 */ 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);          }
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */        }
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          }
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);        }
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);        /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);        for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       }          for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
       printf("\n");        }    
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");        /* end force of mortality */
     }  
   }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
   delti=delti3[1][1];          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){   
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        if (popbased==1) {
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          if(mobilav !=1){
     puts(line);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     fputs(line,ficparo);              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
   }          }else{ /* mobilav=1 */ 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          }
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){        }
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);  
     printf("%s",str);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);          }
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);        }
     }        /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");        for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     printf("\n");          for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
   }        }    
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)        /* end force of mortality */
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)  
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
              for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   printf("\n");            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
           }
         for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
     /*-------- data file ----------*/          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
     if((ficres =fopen(fileres,"w"))==NULL) {        }
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileres);goto end;  
     }      } /* End theta */
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);  
          trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {  
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
     }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     n= lastobs;            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);  
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
     num=ivector(1,n);        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     moisnais=vector(1,n);          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
     annais=vector(1,n);  
     moisdc=vector(1,n);      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
     andc=vector(1,n);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     agedc=vector(1,n);        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
     cod=ivector(1,n);          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
     weight=vector(1,n);  
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);              for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
         }
     i=1;      }
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {  
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {      /* pptj */
              matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
           strcpy(line,stra);        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      /* end ppptj */
         }      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
              prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      if (popbased==1) {
         if(mobilav !=1){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
         }else{ /* mobilav=1 */ 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for (j=ncov;j>=1;j--){            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        }
         }      }
         num[i]=atol(stra);      
              /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){      for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/        for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
         i=i+1;      }    
       }      /* end force of mortality */
     }  
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;        }
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;      } 
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     }  
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));*/      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);        }
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   Tage=ivector(1,15);            free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
          free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   if (strlen(model) >1){      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     j=nbocc(model,'+');    } /* End age */
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     cptcovn=j+1;    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     cptcovprod=j1;    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
        free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
     strcpy(modelsav,model);    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
       goto end;    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
     }    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,digitp,digit);
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);  */
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/  
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
           cptcovprod--;    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           cptcovage++;    free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/    fclose(ficgp);
         }    fclose(fichtm);
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {  
           cptcovprod--;  }
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');  
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
           cptcovage++;  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;  {
         }    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
         else {    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');    double **newm;
           Tvar[i]=ncov+k1;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
           Tprod[k1]=i;    int k, cptcode;
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);    double *xp;
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);    double *gp, *gm;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];    double **gradg, **trgradg;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];    double age,agelim;
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)    int theta;
             covar[ncov+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];     
           k1++;    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");
           k2=k2+2;    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
         }    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       }        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
       else {    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/  
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/    xp=vector(1,npar);
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       }    
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);      hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
         scanf("%d",i);*/    agelim = AGESUP;
     }    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
 }      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
        if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
   /*printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
   scanf("%d ",i);*/      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
     fclose(fic);      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
     /*  if(mle==1){*/      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     }        }
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)      
      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++)        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          anint[m][i]=9999;        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
          s[m][i]=-1;        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
        }          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
      
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){      } /* End theta */
         if(s[m][i] >0){  
           if (s[m][i] == nlstate+1) {      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
             if(agedc[i]>0)  
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
               agev[m][i]=agedc[i];        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
             else {          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
               if (andc[i]!=9999){  
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
               agev[m][i]=-1;        varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
               }      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
             }      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
           }      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);  
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
               agev[m][i]=1;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
               agemin=agev[m][i];      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
             }      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
               agemax=agev[m][i];      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/    } /* End age */
             }  
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
           }    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
           else { /* =9 */  
             agev[m][i]=1;  }
             s[m][i]=-1;  
           }  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
         }  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
         else /*= 0 Unknown */  {
           agev[m][i]=1;    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
       }    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
        int k=0,l, cptcode;
     }    int first=1, first1;
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){    double **dnewm,**doldm;
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {    double *xp;
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");      double *gp, *gm;
           goto end;    double **gradg, **trgradg;
         }    double **mu;
       }    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
     }    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
     int theta;
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
     char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);  
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);    double ***varpij;
     free_vector(annais,1,n);  
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
     free_vector(andc,1,n);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
        }
     wav=ivector(1,imx);    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
          printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
     /* Concatenates waves */      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);    }
     strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
     strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       ncodemax[1]=1;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);    }
          printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
    h=0;    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
      printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){    
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
            h++;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
          }    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
        }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
      }  
    }  
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
    /*for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
      for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
      }      }  
      printf("\n");    fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
    }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
    scanf("%d",i);*/    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
        xp=vector(1,npar);
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
     varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    first=1;
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */      exit(0);
          }
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]    else{
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */    }
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
     if(mle==1){      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
     }      exit(0);
        }
     /*--------- results files --------------*/    else{
     fprintf(ficres,"\ntitle=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle,weightopt,model);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
    jk=1;  
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters\n");      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");
    printf("# Parameters\n");      fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){  
        if (k != i)    }
          {  
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);   
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);    cov[1]=1;
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    tj=cptcoveff;
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);    j1=0;
              jk++;    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
            }      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
            printf("\n");        j1++;
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");        
          }        if  (cptcovn>0) {
      }          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
    }          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
  if(mle==1){          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");
  }          
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales\n");          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
     printf("# Scales\n");          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){          
         if (j!=i) {          
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);          
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
             jk++;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           }          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");    
           printf("\n");        }
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");        
         }        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       }          cov[2]=age;
       }          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
                cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
     k=1;          }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance\n");          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
     printf("# Covariance\n");          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;          
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       printf("%3d",i);      
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       }            
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
       printf("\n");            
       k++;            k=0;
     }            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
                  for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                k=k+1;
       ungetc(c,ficpar);                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);              }
       puts(line);            }
       fputs(line,ficparo);            
     }            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
     ungetc(c,ficpar);              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
        
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
                k=0;
     if (fage <= 2) {            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
       bage = agemin;              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
       fage = agemax;                k=k+1;
     }                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");            }
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);       
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
                  gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];  
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/          }
 chdir(pathcd);  
   if((ficgp=fopen("graph.plt","w"))==NULL) {          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
     printf("Problem with file graph.gp");goto end;            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   }              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
 #ifdef windows          
   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
 #endif          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);          
            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
  /* 1eme*/          
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {          k=0;
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
 #ifdef windows              k=k+1;
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
 #endif            }
 #ifdef unix          }
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres);          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
 #endif            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
               varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {  
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");       for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
 }         printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);         fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {       }*/
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
 }          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {  
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
 }            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
 #ifdef unix            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300");          }
 #endif          i=0;
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
    }            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
   }              i=i++;
   /*2 eme*/              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,fage);                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                    fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {              }
       k=2*i;            }
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);          }/* end of loop for state */
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        } /* end of loop for age */
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
 }          /*
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
 }          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");        */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");        first1=1;
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
 }            for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");            if(l2==k2) continue;
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
     }            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
   }                if(l1==k1) continue;
                  i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
   /*3eme*/                if(i<=j) continue;
                 for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {                  if ((int)age %5==0){
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
       k=2+nlstate*(cpt-1);                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
       }                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
     }                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
   }                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                      /* Eigen vectors */
   /* CV preval stat */                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
       k=3;                    v12=-v21;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",agemin,agemax,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);                    v22=v11;
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)                    tnalp=v21/v11;
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);                    if(first1==1){
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);                      first1=0;
                            printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;                    }
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {                    /*printf(fignu*/
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
       }                    if(first==1){
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);                        first=0;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
     }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
   }                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
                       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   /* proba elementaires */                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
       if (k != i) {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s%1d%1d=%f ",alph[j],i,k,p[jk]);*/                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s",alph[1]);*/                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
           jk++;                    }else{
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");                      first=0;
         }                      fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
       }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
     }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
     }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                               mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
   for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,agemax);                    }/* if first */
    i=1;                  } /* age mod 5 */
    for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {                } /* end loop age */
      k3=i;                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
      for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {                first=1;
        if (k != k2){              } /*l12 */
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);            } /* k12 */
 ij=1;          } /*l1 */
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {        }/* k1 */
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {      } /* loop covariates */
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);      free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
             ij++;      free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           }      free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           else      free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);      free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         }      free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");    }
            free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){      fclose(ficresprob);
           fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);    fclose(ficresprobcov);
 ij=1;    fclose(ficresprobcor);
           for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    fclose(ficgp);
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {    fclose(fichtm);
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);  }
             ij++;  
           }  
           else  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
           }                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
           fprintf(ficgp,")");                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
         }                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
         if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
         i=i+ncovmodel;    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
        }    /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
      }    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {
    }      printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
   }    }
      
   fclose(ficgp);     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n
       - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n
 chdir(path);   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);   - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): 
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);     <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);
      
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
      
       m=cptcoveff;
     free_ivector(num,1,n);   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);  
     free_vector(weight,1,n);   jj1=0;
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
     fclose(ficparo);     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     fclose(ficres);       jj1++;
     /*  }*/       if (cptcovn > 0) {
             fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
    /*________fin mle=1_________*/         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
               fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
         }
     /* No more information from the sample is required now */       /* Pij */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);     
     ungetc(c,ficpar);       /* Quasi-incidences */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>
     puts(line);  <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1); 
     fputs(line,ficparo);         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
   }         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>
    <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);         }
   printf("agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax, bage, fage);       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/  <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
        }
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");  health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {  <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);goto end;     } /* end i1 */
   }   }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body><ul> <font size=\"6\">Imach, Version 0.64b </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">  
 Titre=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>  
 Total number of observations=%d <br>   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n
 <li>Outputs files<br><br>\n   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n
         - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n
 - Estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>   - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n 
         - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n
         - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>   - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
         - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>  
         - Life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>   if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n
         - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>   - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n
         - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>   - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n
         - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>          <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
         - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>   else 
 <br>",title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);     fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);
   fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
  fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");  
    m=cptcoveff;
  m=cptcoveff;   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  
    jj1=0;
  j1=0;   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){       jj1++;
        j1++;       if (cptcovn > 0) {
        if (cptcovn > 0) {         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[j1][cpt]]);         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");       }
        }       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);      interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){  <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>       }
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);     } /* end i1 */
        }   }/* End k1 */
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident  fclose(fichtm);
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>  }
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);    
      }  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>  
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);    int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
      }    int ng;
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>      printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    }
    }  
  }  #ifdef windows
 fclose(fichtm);      fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
   #endif
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");   /* 1eme*/
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
   }       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);  
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");       }
         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */       } 
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1); 
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
   k=0;         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   agebase=agemin;         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   agelim=agemax;       }  
   ftolpl=1.e-10;       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
   i1=cptcoveff;     }
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}    }
     /*2 eme*/
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
         k=k+1;      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/      fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");      
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        k=2*i;
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
                for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );        }   
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         }        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
       }          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     }          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   fclose(ficrespl);        }   
         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
          for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;        }   
   }        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
        }
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    }
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/    
     /*3eme*/
   agelim=AGESUP;    
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
          k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
   k=0;        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
       k=k+1;          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
                  
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */        */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        } 
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        }
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");    }
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    /* CV preval stat */
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");      for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        k=3;
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)        
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
           }        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
         }        fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
     }        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
   }          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
   /* varprob(fileres, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k);*/        }
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
   fclose(ficrespij);      } 
     }  
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/    
     /* proba elementaires */
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {        if (k != i) {
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);goto end;          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
   }            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);            jk++; 
             fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
   /* Mobile average */          }
         }
   /* for (agedeb=bage; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)      }
     for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)     }
       for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++)  
       printf("%f %d i=%d j1=%d\n", probs[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod],(int) agedeb,i,cptcod);*/     for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
        for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng); 
          if (ng==2)
   if (mobilav==1) {           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);         else
     for (agedeb=bage+3; agedeb<=fage-2; agedeb++)           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)         i=1;
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
               k3=i;
     for (agedeb=bage+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){             if (k != k2){
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){               if(ng==2)
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){                 fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];               else
           }                 fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;               ij=1;
         }               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
       }                 if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
     }                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
   }                   ij++;
                  }
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;                 else
   if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                }
   agelim=AGESUP;               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */               
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */               for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
   hstepm=12;                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
    k=0;                 ij=1;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
       k=k+1;                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#****** ");                     ij++;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {                   }
         fprintf(ficresf,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);                   else
       }                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                       }
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
                }
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge Horizon(in years)");               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
                i=i+ncovmodel;
       for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){             }
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n%d %.f %.f 0 ",k,agedeb, agedeb);           } /* end k */
        if (mobilav==1) {         } /* end k2 */
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)       } /* end jk */
           fprintf(ficresf,"%.5f ",mobaverage[(int)agedeb][j][cptcod]);     } /* end ng */
         }     fclose(ficgp); 
         else {  }  /* end gnuplot */
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  
           fprintf(ficresf,"%.5f ",probs[(int)agedeb][j][cptcod]);  
         }  /*************** Moving average **************/
          void movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage){
       for(j=1; j<=ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf,"0.");  
       }    int i, cpt, cptcod;
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=NCOVMAX;cpt++)      double age;
       for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)
         nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=0.;
         /*printf("stepm=%d hstepm=%d nhstepm=%d \n",stepm,hstepm,nhstepm);*/    
     for (age=bage+4; age<=fage; age++){
         p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);            for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){
                            mobaverage[(int)age-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
         for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          }
                  mobaverage[(int)age-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age-2][i][cptcod]/5;
           if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==cpt)        }
  fprintf(ficresf,"\n%d %.f %.f %.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm, h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);      }
              }
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    
             kk1=0.;  }
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {          
               if (mobilav==1)  
               kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod];  /************** Forecasting ******************/
               else kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod];  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){
             }        
             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==cpt) fprintf(ficresf," %.5f ", kk1);    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
           }    int *popage;
         }    double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
         free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
       }    double ***p3mat;
     }    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   }  
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);   agelim=AGESUP;
   fclose(ficresf);  calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/  
     prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
   strcpy(filerest,"t");   
   strcat(filerest,fileres);   
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;    strcat(fileresf,fileres);
   }    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
   strcpy(filerese,"e");    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   strcat(filerese,fileres);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   }  
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    if (mobilav==1) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");      movingaverage(probs, ageminpar,fage, mobaverage);
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);    }
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
   }    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);    
     agelim=AGESUP;
   k=0;    
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    hstepm=1;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
       k=k+1;    yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");    anprojmean=yp;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    mprojmean=yp;
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");    yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");    if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);    
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");    fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean); 
     
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");    for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);        k=k+1;
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");        fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);          fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        }
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k);          fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);        fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);
       varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);        
              
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");        for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) { 
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);          fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");          fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);   
          
       hf=1;          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){            
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         if (popbased==1) {            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];          
         }            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
                      if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
         fprintf(ficrest," %.0f",age);                fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){              } 
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*hf*eij[i][j][(int)age];                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
           }                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];                  if (mobilav==1) 
         }                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)                  else {
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];                  }
         fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[nlstate+1],hf*sqrt(vepp));                  
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){                }
           fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[j],hf*sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){
         }                  fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");                          
       }                }
     }              }
   }            }
                    free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
                  }
         }
       }
  fclose(ficreseij);    }
  fclose(ficresvij);         
   fclose(ficrest);    if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   fclose(ficpar);  
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);    fclose(ficresf);
   /*  scanf("%d ",i); */  }
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/    populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
     
 strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);    int *popage;
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {    double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     exit(0);    double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
   }    char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);  
     tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
  k=0;    tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
  for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    agelim=AGESUP;
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
      k=k+1;    
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");    strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
          strcat(filerespop,fileres);
      varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
      oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
    }    }
  }    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   fclose(ficresvpl);  
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/  
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    if (mobilav==1) {
        mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage);
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    }
    
      stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    agelim=AGESUP;
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    
      hstepm=1;
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);    
      if (popforecast==1) {
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);      if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
   printf("End of Imach\n");        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */      } 
        popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/      popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/      popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
   /*------ End -----------*/      
       i=1;   
       while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
  end:     
 #ifdef windows      imx=i;
  chdir(pathcd);      for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
 #endif    }
    
  system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");    for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
 #ifdef windows        k=k+1;
   while (z[0] != 'q') {        fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
     chdir(pathcd);        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");          fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
     scanf("%s",z);        }
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");        fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
     else if (z[0] == 'e') {        fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
       chdir(path);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
       system(optionfilehtm);        if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
     }        
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);        for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
   }          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
 #endif          
 }          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){
                   tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
                     /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
                       if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                 }
               }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
                   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                     kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                   }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
   
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
    
     /******/
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1); 
               }
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
      } 
     }
    
     if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficrespop);
   }
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
   
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab; 
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;
     
   
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
   
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   #include <sys/time.h>
   #include <time.h>
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
    
     /* long total_usecs;
     struct timeval start_time, end_time;
     
     gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s",version);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       scanf("%s",pathtot);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
      printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
     replace(pathc,path);
   
   /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       goto end;
     }
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; 
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     
     /* Read guess parameters */
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           else
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     
       npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;
   
     p=param[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%s",str);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
       for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1){
           printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         else
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
     }
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
       for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
      
     if(mle==1)
       printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
   
       /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
        strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
        strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
        strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
        strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
       
       /*-------- data file ----------*/
       if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
         printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       }
   
       n= lastobs;
       severity = vector(1,maxwav);
       outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       num=ivector(1,n);
       moisnais=vector(1,n);
       annais=vector(1,n);
       moisdc=vector(1,n);
       andc=vector(1,n);
       agedc=vector(1,n);
       cod=ivector(1,n);
       weight=vector(1,n);
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
       mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
       anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
       s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    
       tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
       ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
       i=1;
       while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
         if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
           for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
             cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
             strcpy(line,stra);
             cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
             cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           }
           
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
             cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           } 
           num[i]=atol(stra);
           
           /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
             printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
           i=i+1;
         }
       } 
       /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
          scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+');
       j1=nbocc(model,'*');
       cptcovn=j+1;
       cptcovprod=j1;
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyze it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     scanf("%d ",i);*/
       fclose(fic);
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
       if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
         for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
       }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
       agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
          if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
            anint[m][i]=9999;
            s[m][i]=-1;
          }
        if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;
         }
       }
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
         agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
         for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
           if(s[m][i] >0){
             if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
               if(agedc[i]>0)
                 if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)
                   agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
               /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
              else {
                 if (andc[i]!=9999){
                 printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                 agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
             }
             else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */
               agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
               if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)
                 agev[m][i]=1;
               else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
                 agemin=agev[m][i];
                 /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
               }
               else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
                 agemax=agev[m][i];
                /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
               }
               /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
               /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
             }
             else { /* =9 */
               agev[m][i]=1;
               s[m][i]=-1;
             }
           }
           else /*= 0 Unknown */
             agev[m][i]=1;
         }
       
       }
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
         for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
           if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
             printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);   
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);   
             goto end;
           }
         }
       }
   
   printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
    fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
       free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
       free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
       free_vector(annais,1,n);
       /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
          free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
       free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
       free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
       wav=ivector(1,imx);
       dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
       /* Concatenates waves */
         concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
   
         Tcode=ivector(1,100);
         nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
         ncodemax[1]=1;
         if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
      codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);
      h=0;
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
      for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
        for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
          for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
            for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
              h++;
              if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
              /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
            } 
          }
        }
      } 
      /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
         codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
      /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
         for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
         printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
         }
         printf("\n");
         }
         scanf("%d",i);*/
       
      /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
          and prints on file fileres'p'. */
   
       
      
       pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
        
       /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
          so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
       p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
       if(mle==1){
       mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
     
   
      jk=1;
      fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
      printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
        for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
          if (k != i) 
            {
              printf("%d%d ",i,k);
              fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
              fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
              for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                printf("%f ",p[jk]);
                fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
                fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
                jk++; 
              }
              printf("\n");
              fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
              fprintf(ficres,"\n");
            }
        }
      }
      if(mle==1){
        /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
        ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
        hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
      }
      fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
      printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
        for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
          if (j!=i) {
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
            printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
            fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
            for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
              printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
              fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
              fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
              jk++;
            }
            printf("\n");
            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");
          }
        }
      }
      
      k=1;
      fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
      if(mle==1)
        printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
      for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){
        /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
            i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
            fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
            printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/
        fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
        if(mle==1)
          printf("%3d",i);
        fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
        for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
          fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
          if(mle==1)
            printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
          fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
        }
        fprintf(ficres,"\n");
        if(mle==1)
          printf("\n");
        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
        k++;
      }
      
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
        ungetc(c,ficpar);
        fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
        puts(line);
        fputs(line,ficparo);
      }
      ungetc(c,ficpar);
      estepm=0;
      fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
      if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
      if (fage <= 2) {
        bage = ageminpar;
        fage = agemaxpar;
      }
      
      fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
      fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
        ungetc(c,ficpar);
        fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
        puts(line);
        fputs(line,ficparo);
      }
      ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
      fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
      fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,&mobilav);
      fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,&mobilav);
      
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
        ungetc(c,ficpar);
        fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
        puts(line);
        fputs(line,ficparo);
      }
      ungetc(c,ficpar);
    
   
      dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;
      dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);
   fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);
   fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);
   
   
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   
    freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
   /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     fclose(ficgp);
    printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
   /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n
   \n
   Total number of observations=%d <br>\n
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);
     fclose(fichtm);
   
    printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
    
   /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
    chdir(path);
    
    free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
    free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
    free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
    free_ivector(num,1,n);
    free_vector(agedc,1,n);
    /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
    fclose(ficparo);
    fclose(ficres);
   
   
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
     strcat(filerespl,fileres);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
     k=0;
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     ftolpl=1.e-10;
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
           printf("\n#******");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
           printf("******\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
           for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
     fclose(ficrespl);
   
     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
     k=0;
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
           for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
             /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
              for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                   fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
               fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
                }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
       }
     }
   
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
     fclose(ficrespij);
   
   
     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
     if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){
       prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);
       if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);
     } 
     else{
       erreur=108;
       printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);
     }
     
   
     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
     strcpy(filerest,"t");
     strcat(filerest,fileres);
     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
     strcpy(filerese,"e");
     strcat(filerese,fileres);
     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     calagedate=-1;
     prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
     if (mobilav==1) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage);
     }
   
     k=0;
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
         if(popbased==1){
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
          }
   
    
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav !=1){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav=1 */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
   free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_vector(weight,1,n);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
     
     /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     k=0;
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
        varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
       }
    }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     
     free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     
     
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
    
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(delti,1,npar);
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");
     fclose(fichtm);
     fclose(ficgp);
     
   
     if(erreur >0){
       printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
     }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     
     /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/
     /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
   
    end:
   #ifdef windows
     /* chdir(pathcd);*/
   #endif 
    /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/
    /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
    strcat(plotcmd," ");
    strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
    system(plotcmd);
   
   #ifdef windows
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
       if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
       else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
   #endif 
   }
   
   

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  Added in v.1.53


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