Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.21 and 1.53

version 1.21, 2002/02/21 18:42:24 version 1.53, 2002/07/23 23:59:37
Line 1 Line 1
      /* $Id$
 /*********************** Imach **************************************             Interpolated Markov Chain
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from cross-longitudinal  
   data. Cross-longitudinal consist in a first survey ("cross") where    Short summary of the programme:
   individuals from different ages are interviewed on their health status    
   or degree of  disability. At least a second wave of interviews    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   ("longitudinal") should  measure each new individual health status.    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
   Health expectancies are computed from the transistions observed between    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
   waves and are computed for each degree of severity of disability (number    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
   of life states). More degrees you consider, more time is necessary to    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
   reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   the probabibility to be observed in state j at the second wave conditional    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
   to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore the model is:    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
   log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex'    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
   is a covariate. If you want to have a more complex model than "constant and    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
   age", you should modify the program where the markup    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
     *Covariates have to be included here again* invites you to do it.    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
   More covariates you add, less is the speed of the convergence.    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
     'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
   The advantage that this computer programme claims, comes from that if the    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
   delay between waves is not identical for each individual, or if some    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
   individual missed an interview, the information is not rounded or lost, but    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
   taken into account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    convergence.
   hPijx is the probability to be  
   observed in state i at age x+h conditional to the observed state i at age    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
   x. The delay 'h' can be split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   unobserved intermediate  states. This elementary transition (by month or    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   quarter trimester, semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
   The hPx matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply hPijx.  
     hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
      states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   from the European Union.    hPijx.
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and  
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits. 
   **********************************************************************/    
      Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
 #include <math.h>             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
 #include <stdio.h>    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
 #include <stdlib.h>    from the European Union.
 #include <unistd.h>    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
     software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
 #define MAXLINE 256    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    **********************************************************************/
 /*#define DEBUG*/   
 #define windows  #include <math.h>
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */  #include <stdio.h>
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */  #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <unistd.h>
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */  
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  #define MAXLINE 256
   #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 #define NINTERVMAX 8  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  #define FILENAMELENGTH 80
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */  /*#define DEBUG*/
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */  #define unix
 #define MAXN 20000  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
 #define AGESUP 130  
 #define AGEBASE 40  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
   #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   
 int erreur; /* Error number */  #define NINTERVMAX 8
 int nvar;  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 int npar=NPARMAX;  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */  #define MAXN 20000
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
 int ncovmodel, ncov;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */  #define AGESUP 130
 int popbased=0;  #define AGEBASE 40
   #ifdef windows
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */  #else
 int mle, weightopt;  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */  #endif
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */  
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */  char version[80]="Imach version 0.8j, July 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */  int erreur; /* Error number */
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf;  int nvar;
 FILE *ficgp, *fichtm,*ficresprob,*ficpop;  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
 FILE *ficreseij;  int npar=NPARMAX;
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
  FILE  *ficresvij;  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
  FILE  *ficresvpl;  int popbased=0;
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
   int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 #define NR_END 1  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
 #define FREE_ARG char*  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10  int mle, weightopt;
   int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
 #define NRANSI  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
 #define ITMAX 200  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
   FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  FILE *ficlog;
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
   FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */
 #define GOLD 1.618034  FILE *ficreseij;
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define TINY 1.0e-20  FILE  *ficresvij;
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  FILE  *ficresvpl;
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  char title[MAXLINE];
    char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)  
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
 static double sqrarg;  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
 int imx;  
 int stepm;  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  
   #define NR_END 1
 int m,nb;  #define FREE_ARG char*
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  #define NRANSI 
 double dateintmean=0;  #define ITMAX 200 
   
 double *weight;  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
 int **s; /* Status */  
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
   #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  #define GOLD 1.618034 
   #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 /**************** split *************************/  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name )  
 {  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
     
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
    s = strrchr( path, '\\' );           /* find last / */  
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */  static double sqrarg;
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
       extern char       *getwd( );  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  int imx; 
 #else  int stepm;
       extern char       *getcwd( );  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
   
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  int estepm;
 #endif  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  
       }  int m,nb;
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */  int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */  double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */  double dateintmean=0;
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */  double *weight;
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */  int **s; /* Status */
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
    }  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
 }  
   /**************** split *************************/
   static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
 /******************************************/  {
      char *s;                             /* pointer */
 void replace(char *s, char*t)     int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
 {  
   int i;     l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */
   int lg=20;     if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   i=0;     s= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
   lg=strlen(t);     if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {       /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
     (s[i] = t[i]);         printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */
   }        extern char       *getwd( );
 }  
         if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  #else
 {        extern char       *getcwd( );
   int i,j=0;  
   int lg=20;        if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
   i=0;  #endif
   lg=strlen(s);           return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {        }
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;        strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */
   }     } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */
   return j;        s++;                              /* after this, the filename */
 }        l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */
         if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)        strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */
 {        strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */
   int i,lg,j,p=0;        dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */
   i=0;     }
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {     l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  #ifdef windows
   }     if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   #else
   lg=strlen(t);     if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  #endif
     (u[j] = t[j]);     s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
   }     s++;
      u[p]='\0';     strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */
      l1= strlen( name);
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {     l2= strlen( s)+1;
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);     strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
   }     finame[l1-l2]= 0;
 }     return( 0 );                         /* we're done */
   }
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  
   
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  /******************************************/
 {  
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  void replace(char *s, char*t)
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  {
   exit(1);    int i;
 }    int lg=20;
 /*********************** vector *******************/    i=0;
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)    lg=strlen(t);
 {    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   double *v;      (s[i] = t[i]);
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    }
   return v-nl+NR_END;  }
 }  
   int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
 /************************ free vector ******************/  {
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)    int i,j=0;
 {    int lg=20;
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    i=0;
 }    lg=strlen(s);
     for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
 /************************ivector *******************************/    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)    }
 {    return j;
   int *v;  }
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
   return v-nl+NR_END;  {
 }    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
        and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
 /******************free ivector **************************/       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    int i,lg,j,p=0;
 {    i=0;
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
 }      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
     }
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/  
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    lg=strlen(t);
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
 {      (u[j] = t[j]);
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    }
   int **m;       u[p]='\0';
    
   /* allocate pointers to rows */     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    }
   m += NR_END;  }
   m -= nrl;  
    /********************** nrerror ********************/
    
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */  void nrerror(char error_text[])
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  {
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    exit(1);
    }
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  /*********************** vector *******************/
    double *vector(int nl, int nh)
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  {
   return m;    double *v;
 }    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/    return v-nl+NR_END;
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)  }
       int **m;  
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;  /************************ free vector ******************/
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
 {  {
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));  }
 }  
   /************************ivector *******************************/
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  {
 {    int *v;
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
   double **m;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  }
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;  /******************free ivector **************************/
   m -= nrl;  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
   {
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  }
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
   int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
   return m;  { 
 }    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
     int **m; 
 /*************************free matrix ************************/    
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
 {    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    m += NR_END; 
 }    m -= nrl; 
     
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
 {    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
   double ***m;    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
     m[nrl] -= ncl; 
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
   m += NR_END;    
   m -= nrl;    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
     return m; 
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  } 
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
         int **m;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
        /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  { 
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  } 
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;  /******************* matrix *******************************/
    double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {  {
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    double **m;
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;  
   }    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   return m;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
 }    m += NR_END;
     m -= nrl;
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 {    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  
 }    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
     return m;
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  }
 extern int ncom;  
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  /*************************free matrix ************************/
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
    {
 double f1dim(double x)    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
 {    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
   int j;  }
   double f;  
   double *xt;  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
    double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
   xt=vector(1,ncom);  {
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);    double ***m;
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);  
   return f;    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
 }    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
     m += NR_END;
 /*****************brent *************************/    m -= nrl;
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  
 {    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   int iter;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   double a,b,d,etemp;    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   double ftemp;  
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   double e=0.0;  
      m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
   x=w=v=bx;    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
     xm=0.5*(a+b);    
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
 #ifdef DEBUG        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    }
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */    return m;
 #endif  }
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){  
       *xmin=x;  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
       return fx;  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
     }  {
     ftemp=fu;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);  }
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;  
       q=2.0*(q-r);  /***************** f1dim *************************/
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;  extern int ncom; 
       q=fabs(q);  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
       etemp=e;  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
       e=d;   
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))  double f1dim(double x) 
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  { 
       else {    int j; 
         d=p/q;    double f;
         u=x+d;    double *xt; 
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)   
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
       }    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
     } else {    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     }    return f; 
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  } 
     fu=(*f)(u);  
     if (fu <= fx) {  /*****************brent *************************/
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  { 
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)    int iter; 
         } else {    double a,b,d,etemp;
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {    double ftemp;
             v=w;    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
             w=u;    double e=0.0; 
             fv=fw;   
             fw=fu;    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
             v=u;    x=w=v=bx; 
             fv=fu;    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
           }    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
         }      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
   }      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
   *xmin=x;      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
   return fx;      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
 }  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
       /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  #endif
             double (*func)(double))      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
 {        *xmin=x; 
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;        return fx; 
   double fu;      } 
        ftemp=fu;
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
   if (*fb > *fa) {        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)        q=2.0*(q-r); 
       }        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);        q=fabs(q); 
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);        etemp=e; 
   while (*fb > *fc) {        e=d; 
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/        else { 
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));          d=p/q; 
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);          u=x+d; 
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
       fu=(*func)(u);            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {        } 
       fu=(*func)(u);      } else { 
       if (fu < *fc) {        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))      } 
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
           }      fu=(*f)(u); 
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {      if (fu <= fx) { 
       u=ulim;        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
       fu=(*func)(u);        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
     } else {          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);          } else { 
       fu=(*func)(u);            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
     }            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)              v=w; 
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)              w=u; 
       }              fv=fw; 
 }              fw=fu; 
             } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
 /*************** linmin ************************/              v=u; 
               fv=fu; 
 int ncom;            } 
 double *pcom,*xicom;          } 
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);    } 
      nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))    *xmin=x; 
 {    return fx; 
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,  } 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);  
   double f1dim(double x);  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,  
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
   int j;              double (*func)(double)) 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;  { 
   double fx,fb,fa;    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
      double fu; 
   ncom=n;   
   pcom=vector(1,n);    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
   xicom=vector(1,n);    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
   nrfunc=func;    if (*fb > *fa) { 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
     pcom[j]=p[j];        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
     xicom[j]=xi[j];        } 
   }    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
   ax=0.0;    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
   xx=1.0;    while (*fb > *fc) { 
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
 #ifdef DEBUG      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
 #endif      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
     xi[j] *= xmin;        fu=(*func)(u); 
     p[j] += xi[j];      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
   }        fu=(*func)(u); 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);        if (fu < *fc) { 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
 }            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
             } 
 /*************** powell ************************/      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,        u=ulim; 
             double (*func)(double []))        fu=(*func)(u); 
 {      } else { 
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
               double (*func)(double []));        fu=(*func)(u); 
   int i,ibig,j;      } 
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
   double fp,fptt;        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
   double *xits;        } 
   pt=vector(1,n);  } 
   ptt=vector(1,n);  
   xit=vector(1,n);  /*************** linmin ************************/
   xits=vector(1,n);  
   *fret=(*func)(p);  int ncom; 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];  double *pcom,*xicom;
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
     fp=(*fret);   
     ibig=0;  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
     del=0.0;  { 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    double f1dim(double x); 
     printf("\n");    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];    int j; 
       fptt=(*fret);    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
 #ifdef DEBUG    double fx,fb,fa;
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);   
 #endif    ncom=n; 
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    pcom=vector(1,n); 
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    xicom=vector(1,n); 
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {    nrfunc=func; 
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         ibig=i;      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
       }      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
 #ifdef DEBUG    } 
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    ax=0.0; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    xx=1.0; 
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
       }  #ifdef DEBUG
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
       printf("\n");  #endif
 #endif    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     }      xi[j] *= xmin; 
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {      p[j] += xi[j]; 
 #ifdef DEBUG    } 
       int k[2],l;    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
       k[0]=1;    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
       k[1]=-1;  } 
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));  
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)  /*************** powell ************************/
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
       printf("\n");              double (*func)(double [])) 
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {  { 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];                double (*func)(double [])); 
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    int i,ibig,j; 
         }    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    double fp,fptt;
       }    double *xits;
 #endif    pt=vector(1,n); 
     ptt=vector(1,n); 
     xit=vector(1,n); 
       free_vector(xit,1,n);    xits=vector(1,n); 
       free_vector(xits,1,n);    *fret=(*func)(p); 
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
       return;      fp=(*fret); 
     }      ibig=0; 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");      del=0.0; 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) 
       pt[j]=p[j];        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
     }      fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);      printf("\n");
     if (fptt < fp) {      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       if (t < 0.0) {        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);        fptt=(*fret); 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  #ifdef DEBUG
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
         }  #endif
 #ifdef DEBUG        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
         printf("\n");          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
 #endif          ibig=i; 
       }        } 
     }  #ifdef DEBUG
   }        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
 }        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
           printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
 {        }
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
   int i, ii,j,k;        }
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;        printf("\n");
   double **matprod2();        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();  #endif
   double **newm;      } 
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
   #ifdef DEBUG
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)        int k[2],l;
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        k[0]=1;
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        k[1]=-1;
     }        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
    cov[1]=1.;        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
            printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){        }
     newm=savm;        printf("\n");
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
      cov[2]=agefin;        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
            for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
         /*printf("ij=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf\n",ij, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k]);*/            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
       }          }
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)        }
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  #endif
   
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/  
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
         free_vector(xits,1,n); 
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
         free_vector(pt,1,n); 
     savm=oldm;        return; 
     oldm=newm;      } 
     maxmax=0.;      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       min=1.;        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
       max=0.;        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {        pt[j]=p[j]; 
         sumnew=0;      } 
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);      if (fptt < fp) { 
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);        if (t < 0.0) { 
       }          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
       maxmin=max-min;          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
     }            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){          }
       return prlim;  #ifdef DEBUG
     }          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   }          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
 }          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
             printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
           }
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )          printf("\n");
 {          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   double s1, s2;  #endif
   /*double t34;*/        } 
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;      } 
     } 
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  } 
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){  
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  /**** Prevalence limit ****************/
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/  
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  {
       }    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
       ps[i][j]=s2;       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  
     }    int i, ii,j,k;
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    double **matprod2();
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/    double **newm;
       }    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
       ps[i][j]=(s2);  
     }    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   }      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  
      s1=0;     cov[1]=1.;
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)   
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);      newm=savm;
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)       cov[2]=agefin;
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
   } /* end i */        }
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       ps[ii][jj]=0;  
       ps[ii][ii]=1;        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
     }        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
   }        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
       out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
   
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){      savm=oldm;
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){      oldm=newm;
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);      maxmax=0.;
    }      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
     printf("\n ");        min=1.;
     }        max=0.;
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
 /*          sumnew=0;
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
   goto end;*/          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
     return ps;          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
 }          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
         }
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/        maxmin=max-min;
         maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)      }
 {      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times        return prlim;
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */      }
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized    }
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns  }
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */  
   long i, j, k;  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)  
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)  {
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];    double s1, s2;
     /*double t34;*/
   return out;    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
 }  
       for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j<i;j++){
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
           /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
 {          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month        }
      duration (i.e. until        ps[i][j]=s2;
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.        /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step      }
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
      included manually here.          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
           /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
      */        }
         ps[i][j]=s2;
   int i, j, d, h, k;      }
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];    }
   double **newm;      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
   
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)       s1=0;
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
     }        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       newm=savm;      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       cov[1]=1.;      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;    } /* end i */
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)        ps[ii][jj]=0;
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];        ps[ii][ii]=1;
       }
     }
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/  
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/  
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
       savm=oldm;       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
       oldm=newm;     }
     }      printf("\n ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)      }
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];  /*
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
          */    goto end;*/
       }      return ps;
   } /* end h */  }
   return po;  
 }  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   
   double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/  {
 double func( double *x)    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
 {       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   double **out;       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */    long i, j, k;
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
   long ipmx;      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
   /*extern weight */        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/  
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)    return out;
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);  }
   */  
   cov[1]=1.;  
   /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;  
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];  {
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month 
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)       duration (i.e. until
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
         newm=savm;       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {       included manually here. 
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];  
         }       */
          
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,    int i, j, d, h, k;
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
         savm=oldm;    double **newm;
         oldm=newm;  
            /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
            for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       } /* end mult */      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
              oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/      }
       ipmx +=1;    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
       sw += weight[i];    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
     } /* end of wave */        newm=savm;
   } /* end of individual */        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
         cov[1]=1.;
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
   return -l;          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
 }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/  
         /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
 {        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
   int i,j, iter;                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   double **xi,*delti;        savm=oldm;
   double fret;        oldm=newm;
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      }
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
   printf("Powell\n");          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);           */
         }
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));    } /* end h */
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));    return po;
   }
 }  
   
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))  double func( double *x)
 {  {
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   double **hess;    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
   int i, j,jk;    double **out;
   int *indx;    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
     double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);    long ipmx;
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);    /*extern weight */
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
     /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
     */
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");    cov[1]=1.;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   }        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {          newm=savm;
       if (j>i) {          cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];              }
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/          
       }          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
     }                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   }          savm=oldm;
   printf("\n");          oldm=newm;
           
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");          
          } /* end mult */
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);
   x=vector(1,npar);        /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/
   indx=ivector(1,npar);        ipmx +=1;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        sw += weight[i];
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);      } /* end of wave */
     } /* end of individual */
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
     x[j]=1;    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    return -l;
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];  }
     }  
   }  
   /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  {
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);    int i,j, iter;
     }    double **xi,*delti;
     printf("\n");    double fret;
   }    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   /* Recompute Inverse */      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");     printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
     fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  
     x[j]=1;  }
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
       y[i][j]=x[i];  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);  {
     }    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
     printf("\n");    double **hess;
   }    int i, j,jk;
   */    int *indx;
   
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
   free_vector(x,1,npar);    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);  
     hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   
 }    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
 {      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
   int i;      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
   int l=1, lmax=20;      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
   double k1,k2;      /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];    }
   double res;    
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
   double fx;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
   int k=0,kmax=10;        if (j>i) { 
   double l1;          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
           fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
   fx=func(x);          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
     l1=pow(10,l);        }
     delts=delt;      }
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){    }
       delt = delta*(l1*k);    printf("\n");
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       k1=func(p2)-fx;  
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
       k2=func(p2)-fx;    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */    
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
          y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
 #ifdef DEBUG    x=vector(1,npar);
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);    indx=ivector(1,npar);
 #endif    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
         k=kmax;  
       }    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;      x[j]=1;
       }      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         delts=delt;        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
       }      }
     }    }
   }  
   delti[theta]=delts;    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
   return res;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
 }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
         printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
 {      }
   int i;      printf("\n");
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;    }
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  
   int k;    /* Recompute Inverse */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   fx=func(x);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  
     k1=func(p2)-fx;    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
        for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;      x[j]=1;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     k2=func(p2)-fx;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
          y[i][j]=x[i];
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     k3=func(p2)-fx;      }
        printf("\n");
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;    }
     k4=func(p2)-fx;    */
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */  
 #ifdef DEBUG    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
 #endif    free_vector(x,1,npar);
   }    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
   return res;    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
 }  
   
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/  }
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)  
 {  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
   int i,imax,j,k;  double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
   double big,dum,sum,temp;  {
   double *vv;    int i;
      int l=1, lmax=20;
   vv=vector(1,n);    double k1,k2;
   *d=1.0;    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    double res;
     big=0.0;    double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)    double fx;
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;    int k=0,kmax=10;
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");    double l1;
     vv[i]=1.0/big;  
   }    fx=func(x);
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
       sum=a[i][j];      l1=pow(10,l);
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];      delts=delt;
       a[i][j]=sum;      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
     }        delt = delta*(l1*k);
     big=0.0;        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {        k1=func(p2)-fx;
       sum=a[i][j];        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)        k2=func(p2)-fx;
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
       a[i][j]=sum;        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {        
         big=dum;  #ifdef DEBUG
         imax=i;        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
       }        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
     }  #endif
     if (j != imax) {        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
         dum=a[imax][k];          k=kmax;
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];        }
         a[j][k]=dum;        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
       }          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
       *d = -(*d);        }
       vv[imax]=vv[j];        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
     }          delts=delt;
     indx[j]=imax;        }
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;      }
     if (j != n) {    }
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);    delti[theta]=delts;
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;    return res; 
     }    
   }  }
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */  
 ;  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
 }  {
     int i;
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
 {    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   double sum;    int k;
    
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    fx=func(x);
     ip=indx[i];    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
     sum=b[ip];      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     b[ip]=b[i];      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
     if (ii)      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      k1=func(p2)-fx;
     else if (sum) ii=i;    
     b[i]=sum;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
   }      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {      k2=func(p2)-fx;
     sum=b[i];    
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
   }      k3=func(p2)-fx;
 }    
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
 /************ Frequencies ********************/      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2)      k4=func(p2)-fx;
 {  /* Some frequencies */      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
    #ifdef DEBUG
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
   double *pp;  #endif
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;    }
   FILE *ficresp;    return res;
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];  }
   
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");  { 
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);    int i,imax,j,k; 
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);    double *vv; 
     exit(0);   
   }    vv=vector(1,n); 
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);    *d=1.0; 
   j1=0;    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       big=0.0; 
   j=cptcoveff;      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
       if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    } 
        j1++;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
          scanf("%d", i);*/        sum=a[i][j]; 
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          a[i][j]=sum; 
            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)      } 
              freq[i][jk][m]=0;      big=0.0; 
       for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
         dateintsum=0;        sum=a[i][j]; 
         k2cpt=0;        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
          bool=1;        a[i][j]=sum; 
          if  (cptcovn>0) {        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)          big=dum; 
              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])          imax=i; 
                bool=0;        } 
          }      } 
          if (bool==1) {      if (j != imax) { 
            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);          dum=a[imax][k]; 
              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;          a[j][k]=dum; 
                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;        } 
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];        *d = -(*d); 
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {      } 
                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;      indx[j]=imax; 
                  k2cpt++;      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
                }      if (j != n) { 
         dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
              }        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
            }      } 
          }    } 
        }    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
         if  (cptcovn>0) {  ;
          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");  } 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  
        fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
         }  { 
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);    double sum; 
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");   
            for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
   for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){      ip=indx[i]; 
     if(i==(int)agemax+3)      sum=b[ip]; 
       printf("Total");      b[ip]=b[i]; 
     else      if (ii) 
       printf("Age %d", i);        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      else if (sum) ii=i; 
       for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)      b[i]=sum; 
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    } 
     }    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      sum=b[i]; 
       for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
         pos += freq[jk][m][i];      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
       if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)    } 
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);  } 
       else  
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  /************ Frequencies ********************/
     }  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)
   {  /* Some frequencies */
      for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    
       for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    int first;
      }    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     double *pp;
     for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)    double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
       pos += pp[jk];    FILE *ficresp;
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
       if(pos>=1.e-5)    
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
       else    probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
       if( i <= (int) agemax){    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
         if(pos>=1.e-5){    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
           fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
           probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
           /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/      exit(0);
         }    }
       else    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
           fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);    j1=0;
       }    
     }    j=cptcoveff;
     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  
         if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);    first=1;
     if(i <= (int) agemax)  
       fprintf(ficresp,"\n");    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
     printf("\n");      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     }        j1++;
     }        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
  }          scanf("%d", i);*/
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
            for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
   fclose(ficresp);            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);        
         dateintsum=0;
   /* End of Freq */        k2cpt=0;
 }        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
           bool=1;
 /************ Prevalence ********************/          if  (cptcovn>0) {
 void prevalence(int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
 {  /* Some frequencies */              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
                  bool=0;
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;          }
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */          if (bool==1) {
   double *pp;            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
   double pos, k2;              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
               if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
                  if (m<lastpass) {
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   j1=0;                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];
                  }
   j=cptcoveff;                
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {
                    dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
  for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){                  k2cpt++;
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){                }
       j1++;              }
              }
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)            }
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          }
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)         
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;        fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
        
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        if  (cptcovn>0) {
         bool=1;          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         if  (cptcovn>0) {          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])        }
               bool=0;        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
         }          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
         if (bool==1) {        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){        
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);        for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {          if(i==(int)agemax+3){
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;          }else{
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];            if(first==1){
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3+1)] += weight[i];                first=0;
             }              printf("See log file for details...\n");
           }            }
         }            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
       }          }
                for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
         for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
             for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)          }
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
           }            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];              if(first==1){
         }              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
                      }
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)            }else{
              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];              if(first==1)
          }                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
                        fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];            }
           }
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            
            if( i <= (int) agemax){          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
              if(pos>=1.e-5){            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
              }          }
            }  
          }          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)
                      pos += pp[jk];
         }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     }            if(pos>=1.e-5){
   }              if(first==1)
                  printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
                fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);            }else{
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);              if(first==1)
                  printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
 }  /* End of Freq */              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
             }
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/            if( i <= (int) agemax){
               if(pos>=1.e-5){
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);
 {                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).              }
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i              else
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.            }
      */          }
           
   int i, mi, m;          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
               if(first==1)
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   double sum=0.;                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   jmin=1e+5;              }
   jmax=-1;          if(i <= (int) agemax)
   jmean=0.;            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          if(first==1)
     mi=0;            printf("Others in log...\n");
     m=firstpass;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){        }
       if(s[m][i]>=1)      }
         mw[++mi][i]=m;    }
       if(m >=lastpass)    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
         break;   
       else    fclose(ficresp);
         m++;    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
     }/* end while */    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){    
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */    /* End of Freq */
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */  }
          /* Only death is a correct wave */  
       mw[mi][i]=m;  /************ Prevalence ********************/
     }  void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)
   {  /* Some frequencies */
     wav[i]=mi;   
     if(mi==0)    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   }    double *pp;
     double pos, k2;
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
       if (stepm <=0)    
         dh[mi][i]=1;    freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
       else{    j1=0;
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {    
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {    j=cptcoveff;
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */    
           k=k+1;    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;        j1++;
           sum=sum+j;        
           /* if (j<10) printf("j=%d num=%d ",j,i); */        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
           }          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
         }            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
         else{              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));       
           k=k+1;        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;          bool=1;
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;          if  (cptcovn>0) {
           /*   if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
           sum=sum+j;              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
         }                bool=0;
         jk= j/stepm;          } 
         jl= j -jk*stepm;          if (bool==1) { 
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
         if(jl <= -ju)              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
           dh[mi][i]=jk;              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
         else                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)                if (m<lastpass) {
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */                  if (calagedate>0) 
       }                    freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];
     }                  else
   }                    freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   jmean=sum/k;                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i]; 
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);                }
  }              }
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/            }
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)          }
 {        }
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;        for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){ 
   int cptcode=0;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   cptcoveff=0;            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
                pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;          }
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          }
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);          
       Ndum[ij]++;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
     }          }
           
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;          
     }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    
     ij=1;            if( i <= (int) agemax){
               if(pos>=1.e-5){
                 probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {              }
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {            }
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {          }/* end jk */
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;        }/* end i */
           ij++;      } /* end i1 */
         }    } /* end k1 */
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;  
       }      
     }    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
   }      free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
     
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;  }  /* End of Freq */
   
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
       ij=Tvar[i];  
       Ndum[ij]++;  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
     }  {
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
  ij=1;       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncov)){       dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
      ij++;       */
    }  
  }    int i, mi, m;
      /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
     cptcoveff=ij-1;       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
 }    int first;
     int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/    double sum=0.;
     first=0;
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij)    jmin=1e+5;
 {    jmax=-1;
   /* Health expectancies */    jmean=0.;
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
   double age, agelim,hf;      mi=0;
   double ***p3mat;      m=firstpass;
        while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");        if(s[m][i]>=1)
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");          mw[++mi][i]=m;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        if(m >=lastpass)
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          break;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d",i,j);        else
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");          m++;
       }/* end while */
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /*  Every j years of age (in month) */      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
         /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
   agelim=AGESUP;           /* Only death is a correct wave */
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */        mw[mi][i]=m;
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */      }
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);  
     /* Typically if 20 years = 20*12/6=40 stepm */      wav[i]=mi;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;      if(mi==0){
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically 40/4=10 */        if(first==0){
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored          first=1;
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */        }
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);          if(first==1){
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);
         }
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      } /* end mi==0 */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    }
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  
           eij[i][j][(int)age] +=p3mat[i][j][h];    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         }      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
            if (stepm <=0)
     hf=1;          dh[mi][i]=1;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;        else{
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%.0f",age );          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){            j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
         fprintf(ficreseij," %.4f", hf*eij[i][j][(int)age]);            if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
       }            k=k+1;
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
   }            sum=sum+j;
 }            /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */
             }
 /************ Variance ******************/          }
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)          else{
 {            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
   /* Variance of health expectancies */            k=k+1;
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
   double **newm;            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;            sum=sum+j;
   int k, cptcode;          }
   double *xp;          jk= j/stepm;
   double **gp, **gm;          jl= j -jk*stepm;
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
   double ***p3mat;          if(jl <= -ju)
   double age,agelim;            dh[mi][i]=jk;
   int theta;          else
             dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");          if(dh[mi][i]==0)
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");            dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        }
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      }
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);    }
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");    jmean=sum/k;
     printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
   xp=vector(1,npar);    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);   }
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
    /*********** Tricode ****************************/
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */  {
   agelim = AGESUP;    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    int cptcode=0;
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    cptcoveff=0; 
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;   
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */    for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);  
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        Ndum[ij]++; 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; 
       }      }
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
         if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;
       if (popbased==1) {      }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      ij=1; 
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  
       }  
            for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){        for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];            
         }            ij++;
       }          }
              if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */        }  
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      } 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      }  
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  
    for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
       if (popbased==1) {  
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];     ij=Tvar[i];
       }     Ndum[ij]++; 
    }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){   ij=1;
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)   for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
         }       Tvaraff[ij]=i; 
       }       ij++;
      }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)   }
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){   
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];   cptcoveff=ij-1;
         }  }
     } /* End theta */  
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);  
   void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  {
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    /* Health expectancies */
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
     double age, agelim, hf;
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)    double **dnewm,**doldm;
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;    double *xp;
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){    double **gp, **gm;
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    int theta;
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);  
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)    xp=vector(1,npar);
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j];    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
       }    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);
     }    
     h=1;    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
     if (stepm >= YEARM) h=stepm/YEARM;    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", h*vareij[i][j][(int)age]);    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
       }  
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");    if(estepm < stepm){
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);    }
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
   } /* End age */     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
       * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);     * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
 }     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/  
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
 {    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
   double **newm;       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
   double **dnewm,**doldm;       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
   int k, cptcode;       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
   double *xp;       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
   double *gp, *gm;       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
   double **gradg, **trgradg;       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
   double age,agelim;    */
   int theta;    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
      
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");    agelim=AGESUP;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
   xp=vector(1,npar);      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);
        gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */  
   agelim = AGESUP;      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;   
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);  
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);      /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
   
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       }        }
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];        cptj=0;
            for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);            cptj=cptj+1;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];            }
           }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        }
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];       
     } /* End theta */       
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        cptj=0;
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            cptj=cptj+1;
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);            }
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          }
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */        }
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));          }
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");       } 
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);     
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);  /* End theta */
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);  
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
   } /* End age */  
        for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
        
 }  
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)
 void varprob(char fileres[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij)          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
 {  
   int i, j;       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
   int k=0, cptcode;       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
   double *xp;        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
   double *gp, *gm;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   double **gradg, **trgradg;          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)
   int theta;            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
         }
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");      }
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);      /* Computing expectancies */
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   }          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   printf("Computing variance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
              
   /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   xp=vector(1,npar);  
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);          }
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));  
        fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
   cov[1]=1;      cptj=0;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     cov[2]=age;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,9);          cptj++;
     trgradg=matrix(1,9,1,npar);          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
     gp=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        }
     gm=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
         
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);
            free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        }
       k=0;    printf("\n");
       for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath); i++){    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  
            k=k+1;    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
           gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
         }    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);
       }    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);
   }
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)  
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  /************ Variance ******************/
      void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
   {
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);    /* Variance of health expectancies */
       k=0;    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
       for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){    /* double **newm;*/
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    double **dnewm,**doldm;
           k=k+1;    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
           gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
         }    int k, cptcode;
       }    double *xp;
          double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
        for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
            gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];      double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
     }    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
     double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)    double ***p3mat;
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    double age,agelim, hf;
       trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];    double ***mobaverage;
      int theta;
      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,9,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    char digit[4];
      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,9,1,npar,1,9,gradg);    char digitp[16];
   
      pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
      k=0;    if(popbased==1)
      for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){      strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-");
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    else
          k=k+1;      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
          gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];    if(mobilav==1)
         }      strcat(digitp,"mobilav-");
      }    else
            strcat(digitp,"nomobil-");
      /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);    if (mobilav==1) {
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
              movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage);
     }
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));  
      }*/    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
     sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
     strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
   for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
     if (i== 2) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
 if (i== 4) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
   }      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));    }
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");
 }    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
  free_vector(xp,1,npar);    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
 fclose(ficresprob);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
  exit(0);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 }        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
     }  
 /***********************************************/    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
 /**************** Main Program *****************/    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
 /***********************************************/      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
 /*int main(int argc, char *argv[])*/      exit(0);
 int main()    }
 {    else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;    }
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
   double agemin=1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
   double fret;      exit(0);
   double **xi,tmp,delta;    }
     else{
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
   double ***p3mat;      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s (à revoir) <br>\n",digitp);
   int *indx;    }
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   char title[MAXLINE];  
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;  
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */    xp=vector(1,npar);
   int c,  h , cpt,l;    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   int ju,jl, mi;    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;  
   int hstepm, nhstepm;    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   int *popage;/*boolprev=0 if date and zero if wave*/    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2;    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;    
   double ftolpl=FTOL;    if(estepm < stepm){
   double **prlim;      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   double *severity;    }
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */    else  hstepm=estepm;   
   double  *p;    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
   double *delti; /* Scale */       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
   double ***eij, ***vareij;       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */       and note for a fixed period like k years */
   double *epj, vepp;    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
   double kk1, kk2;       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean, calagedate;       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
   double yp,yp1,yp2;       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
   char version[80]="Imach version 64b, May 2001, INED-EUROREVES ";    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];    agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
   char z[1]="c", occ;      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
 #include <sys/time.h>      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
 #include <time.h>      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   /* long total_usecs;  
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;  
        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
   printf("\nIMACH, Version 0.7");        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   
 #ifdef windows        if (popbased==1) {
   scanf("%s",pathtot);          if(mobilav !=1){
   getcwd(pathcd, size);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/          }else{ /* mobilav=1 */ 
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
 split(pathtot, path,optionfile);          }
   chdir(path);        }
   replace(pathc,path);    
 #endif        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
 #ifdef unix          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   scanf("%s",optionfile);            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
 #endif              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
           }
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/        }
         /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
   strcpy(fileres,"r");        for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   strcat(fileres, optionfile);          for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
             gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
   /*---------arguments file --------*/        }    
         /* end force of mortality */
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {  
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
     goto end;          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   }        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   strcpy(filereso,"o");   
   strcat(filereso,fileres);        if (popbased==1) {
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {          if(mobilav !=1){
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   }              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
           }else{ /* mobilav=1 */ 
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          }
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        }
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   }          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
               gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncov, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);          }
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);        }
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncov,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);        /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
     puts(line);        }    
     fputs(line,ficparo);        /* end force of mortality */
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
                gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);          }
   cptcovn=0;        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
         }
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;  
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */      } /* End theta */
    
   /* Read guess parameters */      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     puts(line);            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
   }      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
            trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);  
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);  
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
       }          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
       printf("\n");              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");        }
     }      }
    
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;      /* pptj */
       matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   p=param[1][1];      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      /* end ppptj */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     puts(line);      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     fputs(line,ficparo);   
   }      if (popbased==1) {
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        if(mobilav !=1){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */        }else{ /* mobilav=1 */ 
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);        }
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);      }
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);      
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){      /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);      for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);        for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
       }      }    
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");      /* end force of mortality */
       printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
     }      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   }        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
   delti=delti3[1][1];        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        }
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      } 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
     fputs(line,ficparo);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
          }
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     printf("%s",str);      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);    } /* End age */
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     }    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     printf("\n");    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
   }    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);
   printf("\n");    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,digitp,digit);
     /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
   */
     /*-------- data file ----------*/    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);
     if((ficres =fopen(fileres,"w"))==NULL) {  
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileres);goto end;    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     }    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
        free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     }    free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
     n= lastobs;    fclose(ficgp);
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);    fclose(fichtm);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);  
     num=ivector(1,n);  }
     moisnais=vector(1,n);  
     annais=vector(1,n);  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
     moisdc=vector(1,n);  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
     andc=vector(1,n);  {
     agedc=vector(1,n);    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
     cod=ivector(1,n);    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
     weight=vector(1,n);    double **newm;
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);    int k, cptcode;
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    double *xp;
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);        double *gp, *gm;
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);    double **gradg, **trgradg;
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);    double age,agelim;
     int theta;
     i=1;     
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
           strcpy(line,stra);  
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    xp=vector(1,npar);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
         }    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
            
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
         for (j=ncov;j>=1;j--){      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
         }      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
         num[i]=atol(stra);  
              for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         i=i+1;        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
       }        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     }          gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);      
        scanf("%d",i);*/        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;  
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     }          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
       } /* End theta */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  
     if (covar[1][i]==0) printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));*/      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);  
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   Tage=ivector(1,15);              varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   if (strlen(model) >1){      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     j=nbocc(model,'+');        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');  
     cptcovn=j+1;      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
     cptcovprod=j1;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
            fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
          fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
     strcpy(modelsav,model);      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       goto end;      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     }    } /* End age */
      
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/  
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/  }
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
           cptcovprod--;  {
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
           cptcovage++;    int k=0,l, cptcode;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;    int first=1, first1;
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
         }    double **dnewm,**doldm;
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {    double *xp;
           cptcovprod--;    double *gp, *gm;
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');    double **gradg, **trgradg;
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);    double **mu;
           cptcovage++;    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
         }    int theta;
         else {    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');    char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
           Tvar[i]=ncov+k1;    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');  
           Tprod[k1]=i;    double ***varpij;
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);  
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
             covar[ncov+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
           k1++;    }
           k2=k2+2;    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
         }    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
       }    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
       else {      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/    }
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');    strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
       }    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
         scanf("%d",i);*/    }
     }    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
 }    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
      printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
   /*printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
   scanf("%d ",i);*/    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
     fclose(fic);    
     fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
     /*  if(mle==1){*/    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     }    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);  
   
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++)      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
          anint[m][i]=9999;        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
          s[m][i]=-1;        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
        }      }  
        fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){    xp=vector(1,npar);
         if(s[m][i] >0){    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           if (s[m][i] == nlstate+1) {    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
             if(agedc[i]>0)    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
               agev[m][i]=agedc[i];    first=1;
             else {    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
               if (andc[i]!=9999){      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
               agev[m][i]=-1;      exit(0);
               }    }
             }    else{
           }      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */    }
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
               agev[m][i]=1;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){      exit(0);
               agemin=agev[m][i];    }
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/    else{
             }      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){      fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
               agemax=agev[m][i];  
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");
             }      fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/  
           }    }
           else { /* =9 */  
             agev[m][i]=1;   
             s[m][i]=-1;    cov[1]=1;
           }    tj=cptcoveff;
         }    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
         else /*= 0 Unknown */    j1=0;
           agev[m][i]=1;    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
       }      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
            j1++;
     }        
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {        if  (cptcovn>0) {
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");            fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");
           goto end;          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         }          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
       }          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");
     }          
           fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);          
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);          
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
     free_vector(annais,1,n);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);          fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/          
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
     free_vector(andc,1,n);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");    
            }
     wav=ivector(1,imx);        
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);          cov[2]=age;
              for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
     /* Concatenates waves */            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);          }
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);          
       ncodemax[1]=1;          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
                gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
    h=0;      
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
              for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){            
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){            
            h++;            k=0;
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
          }              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
        }                k=k+1;
      }                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
    }              }
                }
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age            
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          
                pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */            k=0;
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                k=k+1;
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
                    }
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]            }
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */       
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
               gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];  
     if(mle==1){          }
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);  
     }          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
                for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     /*--------- results files --------------*/              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle,weightopt,model);          
            matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
    jk=1;          
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters\n");          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
    printf("# Parameters\n");          
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){          k=0;
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
        if (k != i)            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
          {              k=k+1;
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);            }
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){          }
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
              jk++;              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
            }  
            printf("\n");          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");       for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
          }         printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
      }         fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
    }       }*/
  if(mle==1){  
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
  }  
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales\n");          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
     printf("# Scales\n");            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
         if (j!=i) {            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);          }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);          i=0;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);              i=i++;
             jk++;              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
           }              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
           printf("\n");              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
         }                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
       }              }
      }            }
              }/* end of loop for state */
     k=1;        } /* end of loop for age */
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance\n");  
     printf("# Covariance\n");        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){        /*
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
       printf("%3d",i);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){        fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);        */
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);  
       }        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");        first1=1;
       printf("\n");        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
       k++;          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
     }            if(l2==k2) continue;
                j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                if(l1==k1) continue;
       puts(line);                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
       fputs(line,ficparo);                if(i<=j) continue;
     }                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                  if ((int)age %5==0){
                      v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                        cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
     if (fage <= 2) {                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
       bage = agemin;                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
       fage = agemax;                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
     }                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
                     lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy.\n");                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     /* Eigen vectors */
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
                      v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                    v12=-v21;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                    v22=v11;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                    tnalp=v21/v11;
     puts(line);                    if(first1==1){
     fputs(line,ficparo);                      first1=0;
   }                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                    }
                      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mob_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);                    /*printf(fignu*/
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
  fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
                          if(first==1){
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                      first=0;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
     puts(line);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
     fputs(line,ficparo);                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   }                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                               mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
    fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);                      }else{
    fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);                        first=0;
                       fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
     puts(line);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     fputs(line,ficparo);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
   }                    }/* if first */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                  } /* age mod 5 */
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);                } /* end loop age */
 fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
 fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);                first=1;
               } /*l12 */
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2);            } /* k12 */
           } /*l1 */
  /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/        }/* k1 */
 chdir(pathcd);      } /* loop covariates */
   if((ficgp=fopen("graph.plt","w"))==NULL) {      free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     printf("Problem with file graph.gp");goto end;      free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   }      free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
 #ifdef windows      free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);      free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
 #endif      free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    }
      free_vector(xp,1,npar);
  /* 1eme*/    fclose(ficresprob);
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    fclose(ficresprobcov);
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    fclose(ficresprobcor);
     fclose(ficgp);
 #ifdef windows    fclose(fichtm);
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  }
 #endif  
 #ifdef unix  
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres);  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
 #endif  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
 }                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
 }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    }
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {  
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n
 }     - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));   - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n
 #ifdef unix   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): 
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300");     <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
 #endif    jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);  
    }  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   }  
   /*2 eme*/   m=cptcoveff;
    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,fage);   jj1=0;
       for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
       k=2*i;       jj1++;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
 }           fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");       }
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);       /* Pij */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {  <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);     
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");       /* Quasi-incidences */
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>
 }    <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");         }
 }         for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");  <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
     }       }
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and
   }  health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>
    <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);
   /*3eme*/     } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {  
       k=2+nlstate*(cpt-1);  
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n
       }   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n
     }   - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n 
   }   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n
     - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
   /* CV preval stat */  
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {   if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {   - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n
       k=3;   - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",agemin,agemax,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);          <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)   else 
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);     fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
        
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;   m=cptcoveff;
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {  
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;   jj1=0;
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
       }     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);         jj1++;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
     }         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
   }           for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
   /* proba elementaires */         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){       }
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
       if (k != i) {         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){  interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s%1d%1d=%f ",alph[j],i,k,p[jk]);*/  <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s",alph[1]);*/       }
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);     } /* end i1 */
           jk++;   }/* End k1 */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
         }  fclose(fichtm);
       }  }
     }  
     }  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {  
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,agemax);    int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
    i=1;    int ng;
    for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
      k3=i;      printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
      for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
        if (k != k2){    }
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);  
 ij=1;  #ifdef windows
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {      fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {  #endif
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
             ij++;    
           }   /* 1eme*/
           else    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
         }       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
           fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
          
         for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){         for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
 ij=1;         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
           for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){       }
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             ij++;         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           }         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
           else       } 
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1); 
           }       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp,")");         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
         }         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);       }  
         if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
         i=i+ncovmodel;     }
        }    }
      }    /*2 eme*/
    }    
    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
   }      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);
          fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
   fclose(ficgp);      
   /* end gnuplot */      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
            k=2*i;
 chdir(path);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
            for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);          }   
     free_ivector(num,1,n);        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
     fclose(ficparo);        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
     fclose(ficres);          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     /*  }*/          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
            }   
    /*________fin mle=1_________*/        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
            fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
            if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     /* No more information from the sample is required now */          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        }   
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      }
     puts(line);    }
     fputs(line,ficparo);    
   }    /*3eme*/
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    
      for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
   printf("agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax, bage, fage);        k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
         /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);goto end;          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
   }          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body><ul> <font size=\"6\">Imach, Version 0.7 </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">        */
 Titre=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
 Total number of observations=%d <br>          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>          
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">        } 
 <li>Outputs files<br><br>\n      }
         - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n    }
 - Estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>    
         - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>    /* CV preval stat */
         - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
         - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>      for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         - Life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>        k=3;
         - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
         - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
         - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>        
         - Prevalences and population forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
 <br>",title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
  fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");        
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
  m=cptcoveff;        fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
  j1=0;          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){        }
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
        j1++;      } 
        if (cptcovn > 0) {    }  
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");    
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)    /* proba elementaires */
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[j1][cpt]]);    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
        }        if (k != i) {
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);                fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){            jk++; 
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>            fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);          }
        }        }
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {      }
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident     }
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>  
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);       for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
      }       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng); 
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>         if (ng==2)
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
      }         else
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);         i=1;
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
    }           k3=i;
  }           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
 fclose(fichtm);             if (k != k2){
                if(ng==2)
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/                 fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                 else
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");                 fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);               ij=1;
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;                 if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
   }                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);                   ij++;
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");                 }
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");                 else
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");               }
                 fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);               
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */               for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                 ij=1;
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
   k=0;                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
   agebase=agemin;                     ij++;
   agelim=agemax;                   }
   ftolpl=1.e-10;                   else
   i1=cptcoveff;                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}                 }
                  fprintf(ficgp,")");
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){               }
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
         k=k+1;               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/               i=i+ncovmodel;
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");             }
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)           } /* end k */
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);         } /* end k2 */
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");       } /* end jk */
             } /* end ng */
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){     fclose(ficgp); 
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);  }  /* end gnuplot */
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );  
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);  /*************** Moving average **************/
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");  void movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage){
         }  
       }    int i, cpt, cptcod;
     }    double age;
   fclose(ficrespl);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/        for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)
            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=0.;
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);    
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {    for (age=bage+4; age<=fage; age++){
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;      for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
   }        for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);          for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){
              mobaverage[(int)age-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;          }
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/          mobaverage[(int)age-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age-2][i][cptcod]/5;
         }
   agelim=AGESUP;      }
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    
    }
   k=0;  
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  /************** Forecasting ******************/
       k=k+1;  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");    
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    int *popage;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");    double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
            double *popeffectif,*popcount;
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */    double ***p3mat;
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);   agelim=AGESUP;
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);    
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)   
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)   
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    strcat(fileresf,fileres);
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    }
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
           }  
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");  
         }    if (mobilav==1) {
     }      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   }      movingaverage(probs, ageminpar,fage, mobaverage);
     }
   /* varprob(fileres, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k);*/  
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
   fclose(ficrespij);    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     
   if(stepm == 1) {    agelim=AGESUP;
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/    
   calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;    hstepm=1;
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
   /*printf("calage= %f", calagedate);*/    yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);
      anprojmean=yp;
   prevalence(agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");    jprojmean=yp;
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);    if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);goto end;    
   }    fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean); 
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);    
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
   free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
   free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);        k=k+1;
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);        fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
   /* Mobile average */        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;        }
         fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
   if (mobilav==1) {        fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);
     for (agedeb=bage+3; agedeb<=fage-2; agedeb++)        
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)        for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) { 
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;          fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
              fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);   
     for (agedeb=bage+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){  
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];            
           }            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         }            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
       }          
     }              for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   }              if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;              } 
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
   agelim=AGESUP;                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
   /*hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; *//* Every year of age */                  if (mobilav==1) 
   hstepm=1;                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2 years/6 months = 4 */                  else {
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
   anprojmean=yp;                  }
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);                  
   mprojmean=yp;                }
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){
   jprojmean=yp;                  fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;                          
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;                }
               }
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);            }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   if (popforecast==1) {          }
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL)    {        }
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);goto end;      }
     }    }
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);         
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);    if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);  
     fclose(ficresf);
     i=1;    }
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF)  /************** Forecasting ******************/
       {  populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
         i=i+1;    
       }    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
     imx=i;    int *popage;
        double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
   }    double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
     char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       k=k+1;    tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");    agelim=AGESUP;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    
       }    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");    
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");    
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);    strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficresf," [Population]");    strcat(filerespop,fileres);
        if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       for (cpt=0; cpt<4;cpt++) {      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);      }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(bage-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
         nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  
         nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
         /*printf("agedeb=%.lf stepm=%d hstepm=%d nhstepm=%d \n",agedeb,stepm,hstepm,nhstepm);*/  
     if (mobilav==1) {
         p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage);
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      }
          
         for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
           if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
             fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    
           }    agelim=AGESUP;
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    
             kk1=0.;kk2=0;    hstepm=1;
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {            hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
               if (mobilav==1)    
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    if (popforecast==1) {
               else {      if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];        printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
                 /* fprintf(ficresf," p3=%.3f p=%.3f ", p3mat[i][j][h], probs[(int)(agedeb)+1][i][cptcod]);*/        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
               }      } 
       popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
               if (popforecast==1) kk2=kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb];      popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
             }      popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
                
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){      i=1;   
               fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);      while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
                   
               if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficresf," [%.f]", kk2);      imx=i;
             }      for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
           }    }
         }  
         free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
       }     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
       }        k=k+1;
     }        fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
   }        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
   if (popforecast==1) {        }
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);        fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);        fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
   }        if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
   free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);        
   free_vector(weight,1,n);        for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
   fclose(ficresf);          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
   }/* End forecasting */          
   else{          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
     erreur=108;            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
     printf("Error %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d\n", erreur, stepm);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
   }            
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
   strcpy(filerest,"t");          
   strcat(filerest,fileres);            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {              if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;                fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
   }              } 
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
   strcpy(filerese,"e");                  if (mobilav==1) 
   strcat(filerese,fileres);                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {                  else {
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
   }                  }
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);                }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");                  tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);                    /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {                      if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);                }
   }              }
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
   k=0;                  for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){                    kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){                  }
       k=k+1;                    tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");              }
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);              if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");                fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)          }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);        }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");   
     /******/
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;            
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k);              p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
       varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
                    if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");                fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);              } 
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                        kk1=0.;kk2=0;
       hf=1;                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;                  kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);                }
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1); 
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);              }
         if (popbased==1) {            }
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];          }
         }        }
             } 
         fprintf(ficrest," %.0f",age);    }
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){   
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {    if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*hf*eij[i][j][(int)age];  
           }    if (popforecast==1) {
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];      free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
         }      free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)      free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)    }
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];    free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[nlstate+1],hf*sqrt(vepp));    free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){    fclose(ficrespop);
           fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[j],hf*sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));  }
         }  
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");  /***********************************************/
       }  /**************** Main Program *****************/
     }  /***********************************************/
   }  
          int main(int argc, char *argv[])
          {
   
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;
  fclose(ficreseij);    double agedeb, agefin,hf;
  fclose(ficresvij);    double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   fclose(ficrest);  
   fclose(ficpar);    double fret;
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);    double **xi,tmp,delta;
   /*  scanf("%d ",i); */  
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/      double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
 strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");    int *indx;
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);    char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {    char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     exit(0);    int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
   }    int c,  h , cpt,l;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);    int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
  k=0;    int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab; 
  for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    int hstepm, nhstepm;
      k=k+1;    double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");  
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    double ftolpl=FTOL;
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");    double **prlim;
          double *severity;
      varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
      oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    double  *p;
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
    }    double ***delti3; /* Scale */
  }    double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
   fclose(ficresvpl);    double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/    double kk1, kk2;
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;
      
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
    
    
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    char z[1]="c", occ;
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  #include <sys/time.h>
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  #include <time.h>
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
     
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    /* long total_usecs;
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);    struct timeval start_time, end_time;
      
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   if(erreur >0)  
     printf("End of Imach with error %d\n",erreur);    printf("\n%s",version);
   else   printf("End of Imach\n");    if(argc <=1){
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */      printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
        scanf("%s",pathtot);
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/    }
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/    else{
   /*------ End -----------*/      strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
  end:    /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
 #ifdef windows      printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
  chdir(pathcd);    /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
 #endif  
      split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
  system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
 #ifdef windows    replace(pathc,path);
   while (z[0] != 'q') {  
     chdir(pathcd);  /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");  
     scanf("%s",z);    /* Log file */
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");    strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     else if (z[0] == 'e') {    strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
       chdir(path);    if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       system(optionfilehtm);      printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
     }      goto end;
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);    }
   }    fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
 #endif    fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);
 }    fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       goto end;
     }
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; 
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     
     /* Read guess parameters */
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           else
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     
       npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;
   
     p=param[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%s",str);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
       for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1){
           printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         else
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
     }
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
       for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
      
     if(mle==1)
       printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
   
       /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
        strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
        strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
        strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
        strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
       
       /*-------- data file ----------*/
       if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
         printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       }
   
       n= lastobs;
       severity = vector(1,maxwav);
       outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       num=ivector(1,n);
       moisnais=vector(1,n);
       annais=vector(1,n);
       moisdc=vector(1,n);
       andc=vector(1,n);
       agedc=vector(1,n);
       cod=ivector(1,n);
       weight=vector(1,n);
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
       mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
       anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
       s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    
       tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
       ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
       i=1;
       while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
         if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
           for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
             cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
             strcpy(line,stra);
             cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
             cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           }
           
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
             cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           } 
           num[i]=atol(stra);
           
           /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
             printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
           i=i+1;
         }
       } 
       /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
          scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+');
       j1=nbocc(model,'*');
       cptcovn=j+1;
       cptcovprod=j1;
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyze it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     scanf("%d ",i);*/
       fclose(fic);
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
       if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
         for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
       }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
       agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
          if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
            anint[m][i]=9999;
            s[m][i]=-1;
          }
        if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;
         }
       }
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
         agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
         for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
           if(s[m][i] >0){
             if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
               if(agedc[i]>0)
                 if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)
                   agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
               /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
              else {
                 if (andc[i]!=9999){
                 printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                 agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
             }
             else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */
               agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
               if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)
                 agev[m][i]=1;
               else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
                 agemin=agev[m][i];
                 /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
               }
               else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
                 agemax=agev[m][i];
                /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
               }
               /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
               /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
             }
             else { /* =9 */
               agev[m][i]=1;
               s[m][i]=-1;
             }
           }
           else /*= 0 Unknown */
             agev[m][i]=1;
         }
       
       }
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
         for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
           if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
             printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);   
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);   
             goto end;
           }
         }
       }
   
   printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
    fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
       free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
       free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
       free_vector(annais,1,n);
       /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
          free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
       free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
       free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
       wav=ivector(1,imx);
       dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
       /* Concatenates waves */
         concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
   
         Tcode=ivector(1,100);
         nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
         ncodemax[1]=1;
         if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
      codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);
      h=0;
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
      for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
        for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
          for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
            for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
              h++;
              if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
              /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
            } 
          }
        }
      } 
      /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
         codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
      /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
         for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
         printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
         }
         printf("\n");
         }
         scanf("%d",i);*/
       
      /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
          and prints on file fileres'p'. */
   
       
      
       pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
        
       /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
          so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
       p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
       if(mle==1){
       mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
     
   
      jk=1;
      fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
      printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
        for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
          if (k != i) 
            {
              printf("%d%d ",i,k);
              fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
              fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
              for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                printf("%f ",p[jk]);
                fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
                fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
                jk++; 
              }
              printf("\n");
              fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
              fprintf(ficres,"\n");
            }
        }
      }
      if(mle==1){
        /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
        ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
        hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
      }
      fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
      printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
        for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
          if (j!=i) {
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
            printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
            fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
            for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
              printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
              fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
              fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
              jk++;
            }
            printf("\n");
            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");
          }
        }
      }
      
      k=1;
      fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
      if(mle==1)
        printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
      for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){
        /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
            i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
            fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
            printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/
        fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
        if(mle==1)
          printf("%3d",i);
        fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
        for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
          fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
          if(mle==1)
            printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
          fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
        }
        fprintf(ficres,"\n");
        if(mle==1)
          printf("\n");
        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
        k++;
      }
      
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
        ungetc(c,ficpar);
        fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
        puts(line);
        fputs(line,ficparo);
      }
      ungetc(c,ficpar);
      estepm=0;
      fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
      if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
      if (fage <= 2) {
        bage = ageminpar;
        fage = agemaxpar;
      }
      
      fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
      fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
        ungetc(c,ficpar);
        fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
        puts(line);
        fputs(line,ficparo);
      }
      ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
      fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
      fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,&mobilav);
      fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,&mobilav);
      
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
        ungetc(c,ficpar);
        fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
        puts(line);
        fputs(line,ficparo);
      }
      ungetc(c,ficpar);
    
   
      dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;
      dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);
   fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);
   fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);
   
   
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   
    freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
   /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     fclose(ficgp);
    printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
   /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n
   \n
   Total number of observations=%d <br>\n
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);
     fclose(fichtm);
   
    printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
    
   /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
    chdir(path);
    
    free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
    free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
    free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
    free_ivector(num,1,n);
    free_vector(agedc,1,n);
    /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
    fclose(ficparo);
    fclose(ficres);
   
   
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
     strcat(filerespl,fileres);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
     k=0;
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     ftolpl=1.e-10;
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
           printf("\n#******");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
           printf("******\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
           for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
     fclose(ficrespl);
   
     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
     k=0;
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
           for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
             /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
              for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                   fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
               fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
                }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
       }
     }
   
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
     fclose(ficrespij);
   
   
     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
     if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){
       prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);
       if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);
     } 
     else{
       erreur=108;
       printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);
     }
     
   
     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
     strcpy(filerest,"t");
     strcat(filerest,fileres);
     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
     strcpy(filerese,"e");
     strcat(filerese,fileres);
     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     calagedate=-1;
     prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
     if (mobilav==1) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage);
     }
   
     k=0;
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
         if(popbased==1){
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
          }
   
    
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav !=1){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav=1 */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
   free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_vector(weight,1,n);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
     
     /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     k=0;
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
        varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
       }
    }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     
     free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     
     
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
    
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(delti,1,npar);
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");
     fclose(fichtm);
     fclose(ficgp);
     
   
     if(erreur >0){
       printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
     }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     
     /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/
     /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
   
    end:
   #ifdef windows
     /* chdir(pathcd);*/
   #endif 
    /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/
    /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
    strcat(plotcmd," ");
    strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
    system(plotcmd);
   
   #ifdef windows
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
       if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
       else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
   #endif 
   }
   
   

Removed from v.1.21  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.53


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