Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.21 and 1.83

version 1.21, 2002/02/21 18:42:24 version 1.83, 2003/06/10 13:39:11
Line 1 Line 1
      /* $Id$
 /*********************** Imach **************************************            $State$
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from cross-longitudinal    $Log$
   data. Cross-longitudinal consist in a first survey ("cross") where    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
   individuals from different ages are interviewed on their health status    *** empty log message ***
   or degree of  disability. At least a second wave of interviews  
   ("longitudinal") should  measure each new individual health status.    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
   Health expectancies are computed from the transistions observed between    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
   waves and are computed for each degree of severity of disability (number  
   of life states). More degrees you consider, more time is necessary to  */
   reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  /*
   The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is     Interpolated Markov Chain
   the probabibility to be observed in state j at the second wave conditional  
   to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore the model is:    Short summary of the programme:
   log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex'    
   is a covariate. If you want to have a more complex model than "constant and    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   age", you should modify the program where the markup    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
     *Covariates have to be included here again* invites you to do it.    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
   More covariates you add, less is the speed of the convergence.    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
     case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
   The advantage that this computer programme claims, comes from that if the    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   delay between waves is not identical for each individual, or if some    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   individual missed an interview, the information is not rounded or lost, but    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
   taken into account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
   hPijx is the probability to be    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
   observed in state i at age x+h conditional to the observed state i at age    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
   x. The delay 'h' can be split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
   unobserved intermediate  states. This elementary transition (by month or    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
   quarter trimester, semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
   The hPx matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply hPijx.    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
     where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    convergence.
    
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   from the European Union.    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version  
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
   **********************************************************************/    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
      split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
 #include <math.h>    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
 #include <stdio.h>    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
 #include <stdlib.h>    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
 #include <unistd.h>    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
     hPijx.
 #define MAXLINE 256  
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
 /*#define DEBUG*/    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
 #define windows    
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
     This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    from the European Union.
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
     software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
 #define MAXN 20000    
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    **********************************************************************/
 #define AGESUP 130  /*
 #define AGEBASE 40    main
     read parameterfile
     read datafile
 int erreur; /* Error number */    concatwav
 int nvar;    if (mle >= 1)
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;      mlikeli
 int npar=NPARMAX;    print results files
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    if mle==1 
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */       computes hessian
 int ncovmodel, ncov;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
 int popbased=0;        begin-prev-date,...
     open gnuplot file
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    open html file
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */    stable prevalence
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */     for age prevalim()
 int mle, weightopt;    h Pij x
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */    variance of p varprob
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    health expectancies
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */    Variance-covariance of DFLE
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    prevalence()
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf;     movingaverage()
 FILE *ficgp, *fichtm,*ficresprob,*ficpop;    varevsij() 
 FILE *ficreseij;    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    total life expectancies
  FILE  *ficresvij;    Variance of stable prevalence
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];   end
  FILE  *ficresvpl;  */
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
   
 #define NR_END 1  
 #define FREE_ARG char*   
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10  #include <math.h>
   #include <stdio.h>
 #define NRANSI  #include <stdlib.h>
 #define ITMAX 200  #include <unistd.h>
   
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  #define MAXLINE 256
   #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  #define FILENAMELENGTH 80
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  /*#define DEBUG*/
   #define windows
 #define GOLD 1.618034  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
 #define TINY 1.0e-20  
   #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  #define NINTERVMAX 8
    #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
   #define MAXN 20000
 static double sqrarg;  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  #define AGESUP 130
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  #define AGEBASE 40
   #ifdef windows
 int imx;  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 int stepm;  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  #else
   #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
 int m,nb;  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  #endif
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  /* $Id$ */
 double dateintmean=0;  /* $State$ */
   
 double *weight;  char version[]="Imach version 0.95a1, June 2003, INED-EUROREVES ";
 int **s; /* Status */  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  int erreur; /* Error number */
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  int nvar;
   int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  int npar=NPARMAX;
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
   int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
 /**************** split *************************/  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name )  int popbased=0;
 {  
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
   int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  int mle, weightopt;
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
    s = strrchr( path, '\\' );           /* find last / */  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
       extern char       *getwd( );  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
 #else  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
       extern char       *getcwd( );  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
   FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
 #endif  FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  FILE *ficreseij;
       }  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */  FILE  *ficresvij;
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */  FILE  *ficresvpl;
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  char title[MAXLINE];
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  
    }  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
 }  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
   char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];
 /******************************************/  
   #define NR_END 1
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  #define FREE_ARG char*
 {  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
   int i;  
   int lg=20;  #define NRANSI 
   i=0;  #define ITMAX 200 
   lg=strlen(t);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
     (s[i] = t[i]);  
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
   }  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
 }  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
   
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  #define GOLD 1.618034 
 {  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
   int i,j=0;  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
   int lg=20;  
   i=0;  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
   lg=strlen(s);  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;    
   }  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
   return j;  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
 }  
   static double sqrarg;
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
 {  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   int i,lg,j,p=0;  
   i=0;  int imx; 
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  int stepm;
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
   }  
   int estepm;
   lg=strlen(t);  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  
     (u[j] = t[j]);  int m,nb;
   }  int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
      u[p]='\0';  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   double **pmmij, ***probs;
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {  double dateintmean=0;
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  
   }  double *weight;
 }  int **s; /* Status */
   double *agedc, **covar, idx;
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
   
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
 {  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  /**************** split *************************/
   exit(1);  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
 }  {
 /*********************** vector *******************/    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
 {  
   double *v;    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
   return v-nl+NR_END;    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
 }      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
         printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
 /************************ free vector ******************/      /* get current working directory */
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
 {      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
 }      }
       strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
 /************************ivector *******************************/    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
 {      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
   int *v;      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
   return v-nl+NR_END;      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
 }    }
     l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
 /******************free ivector **************************/  #ifdef windows
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
 {  #else
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
 }  #endif
     ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/    ss++;
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */    l1= strlen( name);
 {    l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
   int **m;    finame[l1-l2]= 0;
      return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
   /* allocate pointers to rows */  }
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;  /******************************************/
   m -= nrl;  
    void replace(char *s, char*t)
    {
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */    int i;
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    int lg=20;
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    i=0;
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    lg=strlen(t);
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
        (s[i] = t[i]);
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
      }
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  }
   return m;  
 }  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
   {
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/    int i,j=0;
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)    int lg=20;
       int **m;    i=0;
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    lg=strlen(s);
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
 {    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    }
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));    return j;
 }  }
   
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  {
 {    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
   double **m;       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
     int i,lg,j,p=0;
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    i=0;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
   m += NR_END;      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
   m -= nrl;    }
   
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    lg=strlen(t);
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
   m[nrl] += NR_END;      (u[j] = t[j]);
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    }
        u[p]='\0';
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  
   return m;     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
 }      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
     }
 /*************************free matrix ************************/  }
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
 {  /********************** nrerror ********************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  void nrerror(char error_text[])
 }  {
     fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 {  }
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  /*********************** vector *******************/
   double ***m;  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
   {
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    double *v;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   m += NR_END;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
   m -= nrl;    return v-nl+NR_END;
   }
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  /************************ free vector ******************/
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  }
   
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  /************************ivector *******************************/
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  char *cvector(long nl,long nh)
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  {
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;    char *v;
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    v=(char *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(char)));
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in cvector");
      return v-nl+NR_END;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {  }
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;  
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  /******************free ivector **************************/
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;  void free_cvector(char *v, long nl, long nh)
   }  {
   return m;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 }  }
   
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  /************************ivector *******************************/
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
 {  {
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));    int *v;
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
 }    return v-nl+NR_END;
   }
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  
 extern int ncom;  /******************free ivector **************************/
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  {
      free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 double f1dim(double x)  }
 {  
   int j;  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
   double f;  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   double *xt;       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
    { 
   xt=vector(1,ncom);    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];    int **m; 
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);    
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
   return f;    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
 }    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
     m += NR_END; 
 /*****************brent *************************/    m -= nrl; 
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)    
 {    
   int iter;    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
   double a,b,d,etemp;    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
   double ftemp;    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
   double e=0.0;    
      for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);    
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
   x=w=v=bx;    return m; 
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  } 
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {  
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/        int **m;
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
 #ifdef DEBUG       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  { 
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
 #endif    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){  } 
       *xmin=x;  
       return fx;  /******************* matrix *******************************/
     }  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     ftemp=fu;  {
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);    double **m;
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);  
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       q=2.0*(q-r);    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;    m += NR_END;
       q=fabs(q);    m -= nrl;
       etemp=e;  
       e=d;    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    m[nrl] += NR_END;
       else {    m[nrl] -= ncl;
         d=p/q;  
         u=x+d;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    return m;
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) ou print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
       }     */
     } else {  }
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  
     }  /*************************free matrix ************************/
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     fu=(*f)(u);  {
     if (fu <= fx) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  }
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)  
         } else {  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {  {
             v=w;    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
             w=u;    double ***m;
             fv=fw;  
             fw=fu;    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
             v=u;    m += NR_END;
             fv=fu;    m -= nrl;
           }  
         }    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   }    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   *xmin=x;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   return fx;  
 }    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
             double (*func)(double))    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
 {    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
   double fu;    
      for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   if (*fb > *fa) {        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    }
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)    return m; 
       }    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);    */
   while (*fb > *fc) {  }
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);  
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));  {
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       fu=(*func)(u);    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {  }
       fu=(*func)(u);  
       if (fu < *fc) {  /***************** f1dim *************************/
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))  extern int ncom; 
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
           }  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {   
       u=ulim;  double f1dim(double x) 
       fu=(*func)(u);  { 
     } else {    int j; 
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    double f;
       fu=(*func)(u);    double *xt; 
     }   
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
       }    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
 }    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     return f; 
 /*************** linmin ************************/  } 
   
 int ncom;  /*****************brent *************************/
 double *pcom,*xicom;  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);  { 
      int iter; 
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))    double a,b,d,etemp;
 {    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,    double ftemp;
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
   double f1dim(double x);    double e=0.0; 
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,   
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
   int j;    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;    x=w=v=bx; 
   double fx,fb,fa;    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
      for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
   ncom=n;      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
   pcom=vector(1,n);      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
   xicom=vector(1,n);      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
   nrfunc=func;      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
     pcom[j]=p[j];  #ifdef DEBUG
     xicom[j]=xi[j];      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
   ax=0.0;      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
   xx=1.0;  #endif
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);        *xmin=x; 
 #ifdef DEBUG        return fx; 
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);      } 
 #endif      ftemp=fu;
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
     xi[j] *= xmin;        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
     p[j] += xi[j];        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
   }        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);        q=2.0*(q-r); 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
 }        q=fabs(q); 
         etemp=e; 
 /*************** powell ************************/        e=d; 
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
             double (*func)(double []))          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
 {        else { 
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,          d=p/q; 
               double (*func)(double []));          u=x+d; 
   int i,ibig,j;          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
   double fp,fptt;        } 
   double *xits;      } else { 
   pt=vector(1,n);        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   ptt=vector(1,n);      } 
   xit=vector(1,n);      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
   xits=vector(1,n);      fu=(*f)(u); 
   *fret=(*func)(p);      if (fu <= fx) { 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
     fp=(*fret);          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
     ibig=0;          } else { 
     del=0.0;            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)              v=w; 
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);              w=u; 
     printf("\n");              fv=fw; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {              fw=fu; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
       fptt=(*fret);              v=u; 
 #ifdef DEBUG              fv=fu; 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);            } 
 #endif          } 
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    } 
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {    *xmin=x; 
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    return fx; 
         ibig=i;  } 
       }  
 #ifdef DEBUG  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));  
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);              double (*func)(double)) 
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);  { 
       }    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    double fu; 
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);   
       printf("\n");    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
 #endif    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
     }    if (*fb > *fa) { 
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
 #ifdef DEBUG        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
       int k[2],l;        } 
       k[0]=1;    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
       k[1]=-1;    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    while (*fb > *fc) { 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
       printf("\n");      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);        fu=(*func)(u); 
         }      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));        fu=(*func)(u); 
       }        if (fu < *fc) { 
 #endif          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
             SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
             } 
       free_vector(xit,1,n);      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
       free_vector(xits,1,n);        u=ulim; 
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);        fu=(*func)(u); 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);      } else { 
       return;        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
     }        fu=(*func)(u); 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");      } 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];        } 
       pt[j]=p[j];  } 
     }  
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);  /*************** linmin ************************/
     if (fptt < fp) {  
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);  int ncom; 
       if (t < 0.0) {  double *pcom,*xicom;
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {   
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];  { 
         }    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
 #ifdef DEBUG                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    double f1dim(double x); 
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
         printf("\n");    int j; 
 #endif    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
       }    double fx,fb,fa;
     }   
   }    ncom=n; 
 }    pcom=vector(1,n); 
     xicom=vector(1,n); 
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    nrfunc=func; 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
 {      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    } 
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */    ax=0.0; 
     xx=1.0; 
   int i, ii,j,k;    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
   double **matprod2();  #ifdef DEBUG
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   double **newm;    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */  #endif
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)      xi[j] *= xmin; 
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){      p[j] += xi[j]; 
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    } 
     }    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
     free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
    cov[1]=1.;  } 
    
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */  /*************** powell ************************/
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
     newm=savm;              double (*func)(double [])) 
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */  { 
      cov[2]=agefin;    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
                  double (*func)(double [])); 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {    int i,ibig,j; 
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
         /*printf("ij=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf\n",ij, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k]);*/    double fp,fptt;
       }    double *xits;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)    pt=vector(1,n); 
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    ptt=vector(1,n); 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    xit=vector(1,n); 
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    xits=vector(1,n); 
     *fret=(*func)(p); 
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
       fp=(*fret); 
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);      ibig=0; 
       del=0.0; 
     savm=oldm;      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
     oldm=newm;      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
     maxmax=0.;      fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f",*iter,*fret);
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
       min=1.;        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
       max=0.;        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
         sumnew=0;      }
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];      printf("\n");
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       }        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
       maxmin=max-min;        fptt=(*fret); 
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);  #ifdef DEBUG
     }        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
       return prlim;  #endif
     }        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
   }        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
 }        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
         if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
           ibig=i; 
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )        } 
 {  #ifdef DEBUG
   double s1, s2;        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
   /*double t34;*/        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
           xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){        }
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
       }        }
       ps[i][j]=s2;        printf("\n");
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }  #endif
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){      } 
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];  #ifdef DEBUG
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/        int k[2],l;
       }        k[0]=1;
       ps[i][j]=(s2);        k[1]=-1;
     }        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
   }        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
           printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
      s1=0;        }
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)        printf("\n");
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)          }
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   } /* end i */        }
   #endif
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
       ps[ii][jj]=0;        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
       ps[ii][ii]=1;        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
     }        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
   }        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
         return; 
       } 
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
    }        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
     printf("\n ");        pt[j]=p[j]; 
     }      } 
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
 /*      if (fptt < fp) { 
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
   goto end;*/        if (t < 0.0) { 
     return ps;          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
 }          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
             xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
           }
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)  #ifdef DEBUG
 {          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */          }
   long i, j, k;          printf("\n");
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)  #endif
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)        }
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];      } 
     } 
   return out;  } 
 }  
   /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
   
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
   {
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
 {       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month  
      duration (i.e. until    int i, ii,j,k;
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step    double **matprod2();
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    double **newm;
      included manually here.    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
   
      */    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   int i, j, d, h, k;        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];      }
   double **newm;  
      cov[1]=1.;
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */   
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      newm=savm;
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     }       cov[2]=agefin;
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
       newm=savm;          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */        }
       cov[1]=1.;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)  
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
       out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
   
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/      savm=oldm;
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/      oldm=newm;
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,      maxmax=0.;
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
       savm=oldm;        min=1.;
       oldm=newm;        max=0.;
     }        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          sumnew=0;
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
          */          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
       }        }
   } /* end h */        maxmin=max-min;
   return po;        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
 }      }
       if(maxmax < ftolpl){
         return prlim;
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/      }
 double func( double *x)    }
 {  }
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;  
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   double **out;  
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */  {
   long ipmx;    double s1, s2;
   /*extern weight */    /*double t34;*/
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/  
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
   */        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   cov[1]=1.;          /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
           s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){        }
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];        ps[i][j]=s2;
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){        /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)      }
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
         newm=savm;          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;          /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {        }
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];        ps[i][j]=s2;
         }      }
            }
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));  
         savm=oldm;    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
         oldm=newm;       s1=0;
              for(j=1; j<i; j++)
                s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
       } /* end mult */      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
              s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
       ipmx +=1;        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       sw += weight[i];      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
     } /* end of wave */      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
   } /* end of individual */    } /* end i */
   
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */        ps[ii][jj]=0;
   return -l;        ps[ii][ii]=1;
 }      }
     }
   
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/  
     /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
 {       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
   int i,j, iter;     }
   double **xi,*delti;      printf("\n ");
   double fret;      }
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  /*
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    goto end;*/
   printf("Powell\n");      return ps;
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);  }
   
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));  
   double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
 }  {
     /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
 {       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
   double **hess;    long i, j, k;
   int i, j,jk;    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
   int *indx;      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
         for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);  
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;    return out;
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;  }
   
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  
   /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");  
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);  {
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
   }       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
         Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {       for the memory).
       if (j>i) {       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);       included manually here. 
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);  
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];           */
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/  
       }    int i, j, d, h, k;
     }    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
   }    double **newm;
   printf("\n");  
     /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
        for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   x=vector(1,npar);      }
   indx=ivector(1,npar);    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);        newm=savm;
         /* Covariates have to be included here again */
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {        cov[1]=1.;
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
     x[j]=1;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
     }          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   }  
   
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     }        savm=oldm;
     printf("\n");        oldm=newm;
   }      }
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
   /* Recompute Inverse */        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);           */
         }
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");    } /* end h */
     return po;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  }
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  
     x[j]=1;  
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  double func( double *x)
       y[i][j]=x[i];  {
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
     }    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
     printf("\n");    double **out;
   }    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   */    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
     int s1, s2;
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);    double bbh, survp;
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);    long ipmx;
   free_vector(x,1,npar);    /*extern weight */
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
     /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
       printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
 }    */
     cov[1]=1.;
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/  
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
 {  
   int i;    if(mle==1){
   int l=1, lmax=20;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   double k1,k2;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   double res;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double fx;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int k=0,kmax=10;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double l1;            }
           for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   fx=func(x);            newm=savm;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     l1=pow(10,l);              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
     delts=delt;            }
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       delt = delta*(l1*k);                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;            savm=oldm;
       k1=func(p2)-fx;            oldm=newm;
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;          } /* end mult */
       k2=func(p2)-fx;        
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
                 * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
 #ifdef DEBUG           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
 #endif           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
         k=kmax;           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
       }           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
       }           */
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         delts=delt;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
       }          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
     }          /* bias is positive if real duration
   }           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   delti[theta]=delts;           */
   return res;          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
            if( s2 > nlstate){ 
 }            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known then the contribution
                to the likelihood is the probability to die between last step unit time and current 
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)               step unit time, which is also the differences between probability to die before dh 
 {               and probability to die before dh-stepm . 
   int i;               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
   int k;          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
           (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
   fx=func(x);          introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;          and month of death but the probability to survive from last
     k1=func(p2)-fx;          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
            probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
     k2=func(p2)-fx;          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
            lower mortality.
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;            */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
     k3=func(p2)-fx;          }else{
              lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;          } 
     k4=func(p2)-fx;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
 #ifdef DEBUG          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);          ipmx +=1;
 #endif          sw += weight[i];
   }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   return res;        } /* end of wave */
 }      } /* end of individual */
     }  else if(mle==2){
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
 {        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   int i,imax,j,k;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   double big,dum,sum,temp;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double *vv;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   vv=vector(1,n);            }
   *d=1.0;          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {            newm=savm;
     big=0.0;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");            }
     vv[i]=1.0/big;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {            savm=oldm;
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {            oldm=newm;
       sum=a[i][j];          } /* end mult */
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];        
       a[i][j]=sum;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     }          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
     big=0.0;           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
       sum=a[i][j];           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
       a[i][j]=sum;           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
         big=dum;           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
         imax=i;           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
       }           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
     }           */
     if (j != imax) {          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         dum=a[imax][k];          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];          /* bias is positive if real duration
         a[j][k]=dum;           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
       }           */
       *d = -(*d);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
       vv[imax]=vv[j];          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
     }          /*lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.-+bh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* exponential interpolation */
     indx[j]=imax;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
     if (j != n) {          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);          ipmx +=1;
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;          sw += weight[i];
     }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   }        } /* end of wave */
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */      } /* end of individual */
 ;    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
 }      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
 {          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double sum;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {            }
     ip=indx[i];          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     sum=b[ip];            newm=savm;
     b[ip]=b[i];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     if (ii)            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
     else if (sum) ii=i;            }
     b[i]=sum;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {            savm=oldm;
     sum=b[i];            oldm=newm;
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];          } /* end mult */
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];        
   }          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
 }          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
            * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
 /************ Frequencies ********************/           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2)           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
 {  /* Some frequencies */           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
             * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
   double *pp;           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
   FILE *ficresp;           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];           */
           s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");          /* bias is positive if real duration
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {           */
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* linear interpolation */
     exit(0);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   }          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   j1=0;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
           ipmx +=1;
   j=cptcoveff;          sw += weight[i];
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         } /* end of wave */
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){      } /* end of individual */
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    }else{  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
        j1++;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
          scanf("%d", i);*/        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)            for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)              for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
              freq[i][jk][m]=0;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             }
         dateintsum=0;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
         k2cpt=0;            newm=savm;
        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
          bool=1;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
          if  (cptcovn>0) {              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)            }
              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])          
                bool=0;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
          }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
          if (bool==1) {            savm=oldm;
            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){            oldm=newm;
              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);          } /* end mult */
              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {        
                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;          ipmx +=1;
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];          sw += weight[i];
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {        } /* end of wave */
                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;      } /* end of individual */
                  k2cpt++;    } /* End of if */
                }    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
     /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
              }    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
            }    return -l;
          }  }
        }  
         if  (cptcovn>0) {  
          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  
        fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
         }  {
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int i,j, iter;
          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);    double **xi;
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");    double fret;
            char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     if(i==(int)agemax+3)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
       printf("Total");      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
     else        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       printf("Age %d", i);    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
       for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
     }      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)    }
         pos += freq[jk][m][i];    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
       if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
       else        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
     }    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   
      for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    fclose(ficrespow);
       for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
      }    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   
     for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)  }
       pos += pp[jk];  
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
       if(pos>=1.e-5)  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);  {
       else    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    double **hess;
       if( i <= (int) agemax){    int i, j,jk;
         if(pos>=1.e-5){    int *indx;
           fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);  
           probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
           /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
         }    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
       else    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
           fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);  
       }    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }  
     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
         if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
     if(i <= (int) agemax)      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficresp,"\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
     printf("\n");      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
     }      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
     }      /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
  }    }
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;    
      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
   fclose(ficresp);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);        if (j>i) { 
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
           fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
   /* End of Freq */          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
 }          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
           /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
 /************ Prevalence ********************/        }
 void prevalence(int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)      }
 {  /* Some frequencies */    }
      printf("\n");
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  
   double *pp;    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
   double pos, k2;    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
      x=vector(1,npar);
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);    indx=ivector(1,npar);
   j1=0;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
        for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
   j=cptcoveff;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  
      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
  for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){      x[j]=1;
       j1++;      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
        for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          matcov[i][j]=x[i];
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)        }
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)    }
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;  
          printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
         bool=1;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
         if  (cptcovn>0) {      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
               bool=0;      }
         }      printf("\n");
         if (bool==1) {      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){    }
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);  
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {    /* Recompute Inverse */
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3+1)] += weight[i];    
             }    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
           }  
         }    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
            x[j]=1;
         for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
             for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)        y[i][j]=x[i];
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
           }        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      }
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)      printf("\n");
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }    }
            */
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  
            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
          }    free_vector(x,1,npar);
              free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
   
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            
            if( i <= (int) agemax){  }
              if(pos>=1.e-5){  
                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
              }  double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
            }  {
          }    int i;
              int l=1, lmax=20;
         }    double k1,k2;
     }    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   }    double res;
      double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
      double fx;
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);    int k=0,kmax=10;
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);    double l1;
    
 }  /* End of Freq */    fx=func(x);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
       l1=pow(10,l);
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)      delts=delt;
 {      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.        delt = delta*(l1*k);
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i        k1=func(p2)-fx;
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.        k2=func(p2)-fx;
      */        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
         res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
   int i, mi, m;        
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;  #ifdef DEBUG
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;  #endif
   double sum=0.;        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
   jmin=1e+5;        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
   jmax=-1;          k=kmax;
   jmean=0.;        }
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
     mi=0;          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
     m=firstpass;        }
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
       if(s[m][i]>=1)          delts=delt;
         mw[++mi][i]=m;        }
       if(m >=lastpass)      }
         break;    }
       else    delti[theta]=delts;
         m++;    return res; 
     }/* end while */    
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){  }
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */  
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
          /* Only death is a correct wave */  {
       mw[mi][i]=m;    int i;
     }    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
     double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
     wav[i]=mi;    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
     if(mi==0)    int k;
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);  
   }    fx=func(x);
     for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
       if (stepm <=0)      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
         dh[mi][i]=1;      k1=func(p2)-fx;
       else{    
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);      k2=func(p2)-fx;
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */    
           k=k+1;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;      k3=func(p2)-fx;
           sum=sum+j;    
           /* if (j<10) printf("j=%d num=%d ",j,i); */      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
           }      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
         }      k4=func(p2)-fx;
         else{      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));  #ifdef DEBUG
           k=k+1;      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;  #endif
           /*   if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */    }
           sum=sum+j;    return res;
         }  }
         jk= j/stepm;  
         jl= j -jk*stepm;  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
         if(jl <= -ju)  { 
           dh[mi][i]=jk;    int i,imax,j,k; 
         else    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;    double *vv; 
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)   
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */    vv=vector(1,n); 
       }    *d=1.0; 
     }    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
   }      big=0.0; 
   jmean=sum/k;      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
  }      if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)    } 
 {    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
   int cptcode=0;        sum=a[i][j]; 
   cptcoveff=0;        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
          a[i][j]=sum; 
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;      } 
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;      big=0.0; 
       for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {        sum=a[i][j]; 
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
       Ndum[ij]++;        a[i][j]=sum; 
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;          big=dum; 
     }          imax=i; 
         } 
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {      } 
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;      if (j != imax) { 
     }        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
     ij=1;          dum=a[imax][k]; 
           a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
           a[j][k]=dum; 
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {        } 
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {        *d = -(*d); 
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;      } 
           ij++;      indx[j]=imax; 
         }      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;      if (j != n) { 
       }          dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
     }        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
   }        } 
     } 
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
   ;
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {  } 
       ij=Tvar[i];  
       Ndum[ij]++;  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
     }  { 
     int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
  ij=1;    double sum; 
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {   
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncov)){    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;      ip=indx[i]; 
      ij++;      sum=b[ip]; 
    }      b[ip]=b[i]; 
  }      if (ii) 
          for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     cptcoveff=ij-1;      else if (sum) ii=i; 
 }      b[i]=sum; 
     } 
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
       sum=b[i]; 
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij)      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
 {      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
   /* Health expectancies */    } 
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;  } 
   double age, agelim,hf;  
   double ***p3mat;  /************ Frequencies ********************/
    void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");  {  /* Some frequencies */
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");    
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    int first;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d",i,j);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    double *pp, **prop;
     double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /*  Every j years of age (in month) */    FILE *ficresp;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
     
   agelim=AGESUP;    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
     /* Typically if 20 years = 20*12/6=40 stepm */    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically 40/4=10 */      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      exit(0);
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored    }
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);      j1=0;
     
     j=cptcoveff;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    first=1;
           eij[i][j][(int)age] +=p3mat[i][j][h];  
         }    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
          for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     hf=1;        j1++;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%.0f",age );          scanf("%d", i);*/
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
         fprintf(ficreseij," %.4f", hf*eij[i][j][(int)age]);            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
       }              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");  
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
   }        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
 }          prop[i][m]=0;
         
 /************ Variance ******************/        dateintsum=0;
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)        k2cpt=0;
 {        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
   /* Variance of health expectancies */          bool=1;
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/          if  (cptcovn>0) {
   double **newm;            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
   double **dnewm,**doldm;              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;                bool=0;
   int k, cptcode;          }
   double *xp;          if (bool==1){
   double **gp, **gm;            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
   double ***p3mat;              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
   double age,agelim;                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
   int theta;                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
                 if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");                if (m<lastpass) {
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)                }
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);                
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
                   dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
   xp=vector(1,npar);                  k2cpt++;
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);                }
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);              }
              }
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */          }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        }
   agelim = AGESUP;         
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */        fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;        if  (cptcovn>0) {
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        }
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
           fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */        
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
       }          if(i==iagemax+3){
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);              fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          }else{
             if(first==1){
       if (popbased==1) {              first=0;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              printf("See log file for details...\n");
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];            }
       }            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
                }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];          }
         }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       }            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
                  pos += freq[jk][m][i];
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);              if(first==1){
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);              }
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
       if (popbased==1) {            }else{
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              if(first==1)
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       }              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
             }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          }
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
         }              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
       }          }       
           for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)            pos += pp[jk];
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){            posprop += prop[jk][i];
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];          }
         }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     } /* End theta */            if(pos>=1.e-5){
               if(first==1)
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)            }else{
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)              if(first==1)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
             }
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            if( i <= iagemax){
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)              if(pos>=1.e-5){
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);              }
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);              else
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)            }
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j];          }
       }          
     }          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
     h=1;            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
     if (stepm >= YEARM) h=stepm/YEARM;              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );              if(first==1)
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", h*vareij[i][j][(int)age]);              }
       }          if(i <= iagemax)
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);          if(first==1)
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);            printf("Others in log...\n");
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        }
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      }
   } /* End age */    }
      dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);   
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    fclose(ficresp);
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
     free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
 }    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
     /* End of Freq */
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/  }
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)  
 {  /************ Prevalence ********************/
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */  void prevalence(double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/  {  
   double **newm;    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
   double **dnewm,**doldm;       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;       We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
   int k, cptcode;    */
   double *xp;   
   double *gp, *gm;    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   double age,agelim;    double *pp, **prop;
   int theta;    double pos,posprop; 
        double  y2; /* in fractional years */
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");    int iagemin, iagemax;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");  
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    iagemin= (int) agemin;
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);    iagemax= (int) agemax;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
     prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
   xp=vector(1,npar);    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    j1=0;
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    
      j=cptcoveff;
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    
   agelim = AGESUP;    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        j1++;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;        
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */        for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);            prop[i][m]=0.0;
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);       
         for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){          bool=1;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */          if  (cptcovn>0) {
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
       }              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);                bool=0;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          } 
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];          if (bool==1) { 
                for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];                if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
                 if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];                  prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
     } /* End theta */                  prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
                 } 
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);              }
             } /* end selection of waves */
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          }
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        }
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
           
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;            posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);          } 
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);  
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */            if( i <=  iagemax){ 
               if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              } 
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));            } 
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");          }/* end jk */ 
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);        }/* end i */ 
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);      } /* end i1 */
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);    } /* end k1 */
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);    
   } /* End age */    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
     /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);  }  /* End of prevalence */
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
   /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
 }  
   void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/  {
 void varprob(char fileres[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij)    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
 {       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
   int i, j;       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
   int k=0, cptcode;       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
   double **dnewm,**doldm;       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
   double *xp;       */
   double *gp, *gm;  
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    int i, mi, m;
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
   int theta;       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];    int first;
     int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");    double sum=0.;
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);    first=0;
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {    jmin=1e+5;
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);    jmax=-1;
   }    jmean=0.;
   printf("Computing variance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        mi=0;
       m=firstpass;
   xp=vector(1,npar);      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        if(s[m][i]>=1)
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));          mw[++mi][i]=m;
          if(m >=lastpass)
   cov[1]=1;          break;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){        else
     cov[2]=age;          m++;
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,9);      }/* end while */
     trgradg=matrix(1,9,1,npar);      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
     gp=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
     gm=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
               /* Only death is a correct wave */
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        mw[mi][i]=m;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)      }
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
            wav[i]=mi;
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);      if(mi==0){
            if(first==0){
       k=0;          printf("Warning! None valid information for:%d line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
       for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath); i++){          first=1;
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        }
            k=k+1;        if(first==1){
           gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%d line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
         }        }
       }      } /* end mi==0 */
     } /* End individuals */
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)  
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
          for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
         if (stepm <=0)
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);          dh[mi][i]=1;
       k=0;        else{
       for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
           k=k+1;            j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
           gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];            if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
         }            k=k+1;
       }            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
                  if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
        for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)            sum=sum+j;
            gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
     }            /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
             if(j<0)printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %d at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)            }
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          }
       trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];          else{
              j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,9,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);            /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,9,1,npar,1,9,gradg);            k=k+1;
             if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
      pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
             /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
      k=0;            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
      for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){            if(j<0)printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %d at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){            sum=sum+j;
          k=k+1;          }
          gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];          jk= j/stepm;
         }          jl= j -jk*stepm;
      }          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
                if(mle <=1){ 
      /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);            if(jl==0){
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){              dh[mi][i]=jk;
                      bh[mi][i]=0;
             }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
      }*/              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
               bh[mi][i]=ju;
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);            }
           }else{
   for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){            if(jl <= -ju){
     if (i== 2) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);              dh[mi][i]=jk;
 if (i== 4) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
   }                                   * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
                                    */
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));            }
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));            else{
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);              bh[mi][i]=ju;
 }            }
  free_vector(xp,1,npar);            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
 fclose(ficresprob);              dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
  exit(0);              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
 }              /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
             }
 /***********************************************/          }
 /**************** Main Program *****************/        } /* end if mle */
 /***********************************************/      } /* end wave */
     }
 /*int main(int argc, char *argv[])*/    jmean=sum/k;
 int main()    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
 {    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
    }
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;  
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
   double agemin=1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
   {
   double fret;    
   double **xi,tmp,delta;    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
     int cptcode=0;
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */    cptcoveff=0; 
   double ***p3mat;   
   int *indx;    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
   char title[MAXLINE];  
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];                                 modality*/ 
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
   int c,  h , cpt,l;                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
   int ju,jl, mi;      }
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;  
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
   int hstepm, nhstepm;      }
   int *popage;/*boolprev=0 if date and zero if wave*/  
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2;      ij=1; 
       for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
   double ftolpl=FTOL;          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
   double **prlim;            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
   double *severity;            /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */            
   double  *p;            ij++;
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */          }
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
   double *delti; /* Scale */        }  
   double ***eij, ***vareij;      } 
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */    }  
   double *epj, vepp;  
   double kk1, kk2;   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;  
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean, calagedate;   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
   double yp,yp1,yp2;     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
      ij=Tvar[i];
   char version[80]="Imach version 64b, May 2001, INED-EUROREVES ";     Ndum[ij]++;
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];   }
   
    ij=1;
   char z[1]="c", occ;   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
 #include <sys/time.h>     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
 #include <time.h>       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];       ij++;
       }
   /* long total_usecs;   }
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;   
     cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */  }
   
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   printf("\nIMACH, Version 0.7");  
   printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
   
 #ifdef windows  {
   scanf("%s",pathtot);    /* Health expectancies */
   getcwd(pathcd, size);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);    double age, agelim, hf;
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp;
 split(pathtot, path,optionfile);    double **gp, **gm;
   chdir(path);    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
   replace(pathc,path);    int theta;
 #endif  
 #ifdef unix    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
   scanf("%s",optionfile);    xp=vector(1,npar);
 #endif    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/    
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
   strcpy(fileres,"r");    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
   strcat(fileres, optionfile);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   /*---------arguments file --------*/        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {  
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);    if(estepm < stepm){
     goto end;      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   }    }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   strcpy(filereso,"o");    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
   strcat(filereso,fileres);     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
   }     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
   }    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncov, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncov,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
     ungetc(c,ficpar);       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
     puts(line);       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     fputs(line,ficparo);    */
   }    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
      agelim=AGESUP;
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
   cptcovn=0;      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   /* Read guess parameters */      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
     puts(line);      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);   
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
    
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);      /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)  
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);        }
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);    
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);        cptj=0;
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
       }          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");            cptj=cptj+1;
       printf("\n");            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
     }            }
            }
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;        }
        
   p=param[1][1];       
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        cptj=0;
     puts(line);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
   }            cptj=cptj+1;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */            }
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){          }
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){        }
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          }
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);       } 
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);     
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);  /* End theta */
       }  
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
       printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
     }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
   }          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   delti=delti3[1][1];            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
         
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){       for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
   }       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
          for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
     printf("%s",str);            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){        }
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);      }
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      /* Computing expectancies */
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
     printf("\n");            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");            
   }  /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)  
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)          }
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];  
          fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
   printf("\n");      cptj=0;
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
     /*-------- data file ----------*/          cptj++;
     if((ficres =fopen(fileres,"w"))==NULL) {          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileres);goto end;        }
     }      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);     
          free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     }      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
       free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     n= lastobs;    }
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);    printf("\n");
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     num=ivector(1,n);  
     moisnais=vector(1,n);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     annais=vector(1,n);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     andc=vector(1,n);    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     agedc=vector(1,n);  }
     cod=ivector(1,n);  
     weight=vector(1,n);  /************ Variance ******************/
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);  {
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);    /* Variance of health expectancies */
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);        /* double **newm;*/
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
     i=1;    int k, cptcode;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {    double *xp;
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
            double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
           strcpy(line,stra);    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    double ***p3mat;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    double age,agelim, hf;
         }    double ***mobaverage;
            int theta;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    char digit[4];
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    char digitp[25];
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
     if(popbased==1){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      if(mobilav!=0)
         for (j=ncov;j>=1;j--){        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
         }    }
         num[i]=atol(stra);    else 
              strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){  
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/    if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         i=i+1;      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
       }        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     }        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);      }
        scanf("%d",i);*/    }
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */  
     strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
     }    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
     if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
     if (covar[1][i]==0) printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));*/      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
     }
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   Tage=ivector(1,15);            fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   if (strlen(model) >1){        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;    }  
     j=nbocc(model,'+');    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
     cptcovn=j+1;      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
     cptcovprod=j1;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
          exit(0);
        }
     strcpy(modelsav,model);    else{
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);    }
       goto end;    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
     }      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
          fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){      exit(0);
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');    }
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);    else{
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {    }
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {  
           cptcovprod--;    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           cptcovage++;      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
         }  
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {    xp=vector(1,npar);
           cptcovprod--;    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
           cptcovage++;    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;  
         }    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         else {    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           Tvar[i]=ncov+k1;    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');    
           Tprod[k1]=i;    if(estepm < stepm){
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);    }
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];    else  hstepm=estepm;   
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
             covar[ncov+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
           k1++;       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
           k2=k2+2;       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         }       and note for a fixed period like k years */
       }    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
       else {       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);    */
       }    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);      agelim = AGESUP;
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
         scanf("%d",i);*/      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
     }      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
 }      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   /*printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   scanf("%d ",i);*/  
     fclose(fic);  
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     /*  if(mle==1){*/        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;        }
     }        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);  
         if (popbased==1) {
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)          if(mobilav ==0){
      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++)            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
          anint[m][i]=9999;          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
          s[m][i]=-1;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        }              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
              }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {        }
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);    
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
           if (s[m][i] == nlstate+1) {            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
             if(agedc[i]>0)              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)          }
               agev[m][i]=agedc[i];        }
             else {        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
               if (andc[i]!=9999){           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);           as a weighted average of prlim.
               agev[m][i]=-1;        */
               }        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
             }          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
           }            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */        }    
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);        /* end probability of death */
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)  
               agev[m][i]=1;        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
               agemin=agev[m][i];        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
             }   
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){        if (popbased==1) {
               agemax=agev[m][i];          if(mobilav ==0){
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             }              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           }              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
           else { /* =9 */          }
             agev[m][i]=1;        }
             s[m][i]=-1;  
           }        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
         }          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
         else /*= 0 Unknown */            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
           agev[m][i]=1;              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
       }          }
            }
     }        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){           as a weighted average of prlim.
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {        */
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           goto end;          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
         }           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
       }        }    
     }        /* end probability of death */
   
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);          }
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);  
     free_vector(annais,1,n);        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/        }
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);  
     free_vector(andc,1,n);      } /* End theta */
   
          trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
     wav=ivector(1,imx);  
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
              for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     /* Concatenates waves */            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);  
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);    
       ncodemax[1]=1;  
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
            for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
    h=0;          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);  
        for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
            h++;            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
          }        }
        }      }
      }    
    }      /* pptj */
          matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
              varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
          /* end ppptj */
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      /*  x centered again */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */   
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */      if (popbased==1) {
              if(mobilav ==0){
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */        }else{ /* mobilav */ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     if(mle==1){            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);        }
     }      }
                   
     /*--------- results files --------------*/      /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle,weightopt,model);         computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
           as a weighted average of prlim.
       */
    jk=1;      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters\n");        for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
    printf("# Parameters\n");          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      }    
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){      /* end probability of death */
        if (k != i)  
          {      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);        }
              jk++;      } 
            }      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
            printf("\n");  
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
          }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
      }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
    }          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
  if(mle==1){        }
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
  }      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales\n");      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     printf("# Scales\n");      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    } /* End age */
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         if (j!=i) {    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
             jk++;  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
           }  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
           printf("\n");  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev);
         }    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
       }    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
      }    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);
     k=1;    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance\n");  */
     printf("# Covariance\n");    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
       printf("%3d",i);    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    fclose(ficgp);
       }    fclose(fichtm);
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");  }  
       printf("\n");  
       k++;  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
     }  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
      {
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
       ungetc(c,ficpar);    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    double **newm;
       puts(line);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
       fputs(line,ficparo);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     }    int k, cptcode;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    double *xp;
      double *gp, *gm;
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);    double **gradg, **trgradg;
        double age,agelim;
     if (fage <= 2) {    int theta;
       bage = agemin;     
       fage = agemax;    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
     }    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy.\n");        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);  
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);    xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     puts(line);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     fputs(line,ficparo);    agelim = AGESUP;
   }    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
        if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mob_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
  fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
            gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
     puts(line);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     fputs(line,ficparo);        }
   }        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
            gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
       
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
    fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);            gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
    fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);    
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      } /* End theta */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
   }      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
 fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);  
 fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2);      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
  /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
 chdir(pathcd);        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   if((ficgp=fopen("graph.plt","w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with file graph.gp");goto end;      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
   }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 #ifdef windows        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
 #endif      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
        free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
  /* 1eme*/      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    } /* End age */
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
 #ifdef windows    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
 #endif  
 #ifdef unix  }
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres);  
 #endif  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {  {
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
 }    int k=0,l, cptcode;
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    int first=1, first1;
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    double *xp;
 }    double *gp, *gm;
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    double **gradg, **trgradg;
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    double **mu;
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
 }      int theta;
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #ifdef unix    char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300");    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #endif  
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    double ***varpij;
    }  
   }    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
   /*2 eme*/    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
     if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,fage);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
        }
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
       k=2*i;    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    }
 }      strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    }
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
 }      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    
 }      fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
     }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
   }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
    
   /*3eme*/  
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
       k=2+nlstate*(cpt-1);        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {      }  
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);   /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
       }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
     }   */
   }   xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   /* CV preval stat */    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
       k=3;    first=1;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",agemin,agemax,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);      exit(0);
          }
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;    else{
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {    }
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
       }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);        exit(0);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    }
     }    else{
   }        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
   /* proba elementaires */  
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){      fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
       if (k != i) {      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){  
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s%1d%1d=%f ",alph[j],i,k,p[jk]);*/    }
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s",alph[1]);*/  
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);    cov[1]=1;
           jk++;    tj=cptcoveff;
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
         }    j1=0;
       }    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
     }      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
     }        j1++;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {
   for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,agemax);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
    i=1;          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
    for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
      k3=i;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
      for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
        if (k != k2){          
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
 ij=1;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {          
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);          
             ij++;          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
           }          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           else          fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);          
         }          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
           fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
                  fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
         for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){          }
           fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);        
 ij=1;        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
           for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){          cov[2]=age;
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
             ij++;          }
           }          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
           else          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           }          
           fprintf(ficgp,")");          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
         }          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
         if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
         i=i+ncovmodel;      
        }          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
      }            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
    }              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);            
   }            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
                
   fclose(ficgp);            k=0;
   /* end gnuplot */            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
                  for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
 chdir(path);                k=k+1;
                    gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);              }
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);            }
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);              
     free_ivector(num,1,n);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/      
     fclose(ficparo);            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
     fclose(ficres);            k=0;
     /*  }*/            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
                  for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
    /*________fin mle=1_________*/                k=k+1;
                    gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
              }
     /* No more information from the sample is required now */       
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          }
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
     fputs(line,ficparo);            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   }              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          
            matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
   printf("agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax, bage, fage);          free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/          free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);  
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {          
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);goto end;          k=0;
   }          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body><ul> <font size=\"6\">Imach, Version 0.7 </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">              k=k+1;
 Titre=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
 Total number of observations=%d <br>            }
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>          }
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
 <li>Outputs files<br><br>\n            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
         - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
 - Estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>  
         - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
         - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
         - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
         - Life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
         - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>            }*/
         - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>  
         - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
         - Prevalences and population forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
 <br>",title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   
  fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
             fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
  m=cptcoveff;          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
  j1=0;          }
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){          i=0;
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
        j1++;            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
        if (cptcovn > 0) {              i=i++;
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[j1][cpt]]);              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
        }                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>              }
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);                }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){          }/* end of loop for state */
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>        } /* end of loop for age */
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);  
        }        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {        /*
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
      }          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
      }        */
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and  
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);        first1=1;
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
    }          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
  }            if(l2==k2) continue;
 fclose(fichtm);            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
             for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                  if(l1==k1) continue;
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);                if(i<=j) continue;
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;                  if ((int)age %5==0){
   }                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
                      /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                    /* Eigen vectors */
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
   k=0;                    v12=-v21;
   agebase=agemin;                    v22=v11;
   agelim=agemax;                    tnalp=v21/v11;
   ftolpl=1.e-10;                    if(first1==1){
   i1=cptcoveff;                      first1=0;
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                     }
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){                    /*printf(fignu*/
         k=k+1;                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");                    if(first==1){
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)                      first=0;
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                              fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
         }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
       }                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     }                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
   fclose(ficrespl);                    }else{
                       first=0;
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/                      fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                        fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
   }                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);                    }/* if first */
                    } /* age mod 5 */
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;                } /* end loop age */
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                 first=1;
   agelim=AGESUP;              } /*l12 */
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */            } /* k12 */
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */          } /*l1 */
          }/* k1 */
   k=0;      } /* loop covariates */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    }
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       k=k+1;    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    fclose(ficresprob);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    fclose(ficresprobcov);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");    fclose(ficresprobcor);
            fclose(ficgp);
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */    fclose(fichtm);
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  }
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);    void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );    /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)      printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    }
           }  
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n
         }   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n
     }   - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n
   }   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): 
      <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
   /* varprob(fileres, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k);*/    jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);
   
   fclose(ficrespij);  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
   if(stepm == 1) {   m=cptcoveff;
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;  
    jj1=0;
   /*printf("calage= %f", calagedate);*/   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
   prevalence(agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);       jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);goto end;       }
   }       /* Pij */
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>
   <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);     
   free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);       /* Quasi-incidences */
   free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);  <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1); 
   /* Mobile average */         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>
   <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
   if (mobilav==1) {         }
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
     for (agedeb=bage+3; agedeb<=fage-2; agedeb++)          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)       }
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and
      health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>
     for (agedeb=bage+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){  <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){     } /* end i1 */
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){   }/* End k1 */
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];  
           }  
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n
         }   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n
       }   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n
     }     - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n
   }   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n
    - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n 
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;   - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
   
   agelim=AGESUP;  /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; *//* Every year of age */  /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   hstepm=1;  /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2 years/6 months = 4 */  /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);  /*  else  */
   anprojmean=yp;  /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   mprojmean=yp;  
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);   m=cptcoveff;
   jprojmean=yp;   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;  
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;   jj1=0;
    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
        jj1++;
   if (popforecast==1) {       if (cptcovn > 0) {
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL)    {         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);goto end;         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
     }           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);       }
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and period prevalence (with confident
     i=1;    interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF)  <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
       {       }
         i=i+1;     } /* end i1 */
       }   }/* End k1 */
     imx=i;   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
      fclose(fichtm);
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];  }
   }  
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){  
       k=k+1;    int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");    int ng;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
       }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");    }
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);    /*#ifdef windows */
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficresf," [Population]");      fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
          /*#endif */
       for (cpt=0; cpt<4;cpt++) {  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");    
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);     /* 1eme*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(bage-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
         nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
         nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         /*printf("agedeb=%.lf stepm=%d hstepm=%d nhstepm=%d \n",agedeb,stepm,hstepm,nhstepm);*/  
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
         p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);         }
               fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
           if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
             fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
           }       } 
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1); 
             kk1=0.;kk2=0;       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                 if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
               if (mobilav==1)         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];       }  
               else {       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];     }
                 /* fprintf(ficresf," p3=%.3f p=%.3f ", p3mat[i][j][h], probs[(int)(agedeb)+1][i][cptcod]);*/    }
               }    /*2 eme*/
     
               if (popforecast==1) kk2=kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb];    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
             }      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);
                fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){      
               fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
                      k=2*i;
               if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficresf," [%.f]", kk2);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
             }        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           }          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
         }          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        }   
       }        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
       }        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
     }        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
   }        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   if (popforecast==1) {          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);        }   
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
   }        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
   free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   free_vector(weight,1,n);          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   fclose(ficresf);        }   
   }/* End forecasting */        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
   else{        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
     erreur=108;      }
     printf("Error %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d\n", erreur, stepm);    }
   }    
     /*3eme*/
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/    
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
   strcpy(filerest,"t");      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
   strcat(filerest,fileres);        k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
   }        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
   strcpy(filerese,"e");          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
   strcat(filerese,fileres);          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {          
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);        */
   }        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
           
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");        } 
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);      }
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {    }
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);    
   }    /* CV preval stable (period) */
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
   k=0;        k=3;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
       k=k+1;        
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");        
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");        fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
         }
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      } 
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);    }  
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");    
     /* proba elementaires */
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k);          if (k != i) {
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
       varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);            jk++; 
                  fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");          }
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);        }
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");      }
             }
       hf=1;  
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;     for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng); 
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);         if (ng==2)
         if (popbased==1) {           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)         else
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
         }         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
                 i=1;
         fprintf(ficrest," %.0f",age);         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){           k3=i;
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*hf*eij[i][j][(int)age];             if (k != k2){
           }               if(ng==2)
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];                 fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
         }               else
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)                 fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)               ij=1;
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
         fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[nlstate+1],hf*sqrt(vepp));                 if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
           fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[j],hf*sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));                   ij++;
         }                 }
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");                 else
       }                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
     }               }
   }               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
                       
                       for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                  ij=1;
  fclose(ficreseij);                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
  fclose(ficresvij);                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
   fclose(ficrest);                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
   fclose(ficpar);                     ij++;
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);                   }
   /*  scanf("%d ",i); */                   else
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/                   }
                  fprintf(ficgp,")");
 strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");               }
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);               i=i+ncovmodel;
     exit(0);             }
   }           } /* end k */
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);         } /* end k2 */
        } /* end jk */
  k=0;     } /* end ng */
  for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){     fclose(ficgp); 
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  }  /* end gnuplot */
      k=k+1;  
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");  
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  /*************** Moving average **************/
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");  
          int i, cpt, cptcod;
      varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    int modcovmax =1;
      oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    int mobilavrange, mob;
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    double age;
    }  
  }    modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
                              a covariate has 2 modalities */
   fclose(ficresvpl);    if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
   
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/    if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
        else mobilavrange=mobilav;
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);         fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);         we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      */ 
        for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
              for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                 for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
   if(erreur >0)                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
     printf("End of Imach with error %d\n",erreur);                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
   else   printf("End of Imach\n");                }
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
              }
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/          }
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/        }/* end age */
   /*------ End -----------*/      }/* end mob */
     }else return -1;
     return 0;
  end:  }/* End movingaverage */
 #ifdef windows  
  chdir(pathcd);  
 #endif  /************** Forecasting ******************/
    prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
  system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");    /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
        agemin, agemax range of age
 #ifdef windows       dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
   while (z[0] != 'q') {       anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     chdir(pathcd);    */
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");    int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
     scanf("%s",z);    int *popage;
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");    double agec; /* generic age */
     else if (z[0] == 'e') {    double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
       chdir(path);    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
       system(optionfilehtm);    double ***p3mat;
     }    double ***mobaverage;
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   }  
 #endif    agelim=AGESUP;
 }    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
    
     strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileres);
     if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
   
   /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
             fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
         }
         for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
   
           for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
                 for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
                   fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
                 fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 ppij=0.;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                   if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
                     fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
                   }
                 } /* end i */
                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
                   fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
                 }
               }/* end j */
             } /* end h */
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           } /* end agec */
         } /* end yearp */
       } /* end cptcod */
     } /* end  cptcov */
          
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     fclose(ficresf);
   }
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
     
     int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
     int *popage;
     double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     agelim=AGESUP;
     calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
     
     prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     
     
     strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     strcat(filerespop,fileres);
     if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     
     agelim=AGESUP;
     
     hstepm=1;
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     
     if (popforecast==1) {
       if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
       } 
       popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
       popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
       popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
       
       i=1;   
       while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
      
       imx=i;
       for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
         if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
         
         for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
                   tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
                     /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
                       if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                 }
               }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
                   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                     kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                   }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
   
               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
    
     /******/
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
               }
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
      } 
     }
    
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficrespop);
   }
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
   
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
   
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   #include <sys/time.h>
   #include <time.h>
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
    
     /* long total_usecs;
        struct timeval start_time, end_time;
     
        gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       scanf("%s",pathtot);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
     replace(pathc,path);
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       goto end;
     }
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     
     /* Read guess parameters */
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           else
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     p=param[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     /* delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
     /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%s",str);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
       for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1){
           printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         else
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
     }
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
       for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
      
     if(mle==1)
       printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
   
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
       
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=ivector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         }
           
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         } 
         num[i]=atol(stra);
           
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
         i=i+1;
       }
     }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);
     fclose(fic);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %d on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %d on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %d on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %d on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a
                                    month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%d %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
   
       pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
       mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
     }
       
     /*--------- results files --------------*/
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
     
   
     jk=1;
     fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) 
           {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
       }
     }
     if(mle==1){
       /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
       ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
       hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if (j!=i) {
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             jk++;
           }
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     if(mle==1)
       printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     for(i=1,k=1;i<=npar;i++){
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
           i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
           fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
           printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
       */
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%3d",i);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1)
           printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       k++;
     }
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     estepm=0;
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
     if (fage <= 2) {
       bage = ageminpar;
       fage = agemaxpar;
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
     fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
    
   
     dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
     dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
   
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   
     probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
   
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     fclose(ficgp);
     printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n
   \n
   Total number of observations=%d <br>\n
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);
      fclose(fichtm);
   
     printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
    
     /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
     chdir(path);
    
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
     free_ivector(num,1,n);
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);
     /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     fclose(ficparo);
     fclose(ficres);
   
   
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
     strcat(filerespl,fileres);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     ftolpl=1.e-10;
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
         printf("\n#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fclose(ficrespl);
   
     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
     fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
   
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
     fclose(ficrespij);
   
   
     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
     /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
     if(prevfcast==1){
       /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
   /*      }  */
   /*      else{ */
   /*        erreur=108; */
   /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*      } */
     }
     
   
     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
     strcpy(filerest,"t");
     strcat(filerest,fileres);
     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
     strcpy(filerese,"e");
     strcat(filerese,fileres);
     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
     /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
     prevalence(agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
   ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     */
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
         if(popbased==1){
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
         }
   
    
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav ==0){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
       }
     }
     free_vector(weight,1,n);
     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     
     /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
     }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
     /*  fclose(fichtm);*/
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/ /* ALready done */
     
   
     if(erreur >0){
       printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
     }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     
     /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/
     /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     end:
   #ifdef windows
     /* chdir(pathcd);*/
   #endif 
    /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/
    /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
     strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     system(plotcmd);
     printf(" Wait...");
   
    /*#ifdef windows*/
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
       if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
       else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     /*#endif */
   }
   
   

Removed from v.1.21  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.83


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