Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.21 and 1.124

version 1.21, 2002/02/21 18:42:24 version 1.124, 2006/03/22 17:13:53
Line 1 Line 1
      /* $Id$
 /*********************** Imach **************************************            $State$
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from cross-longitudinal    $Log$
   data. Cross-longitudinal consist in a first survey ("cross") where    Revision 1.124  2006/03/22 17:13:53  lievre
   individuals from different ages are interviewed on their health status    Parameters are printed with %lf instead of %f (more numbers after the comma).
   or degree of  disability. At least a second wave of interviews    The log-likelihood is printed in the log file
   ("longitudinal") should  measure each new individual health status.  
   Health expectancies are computed from the transistions observed between    Revision 1.123  2006/03/20 10:52:43  brouard
   waves and are computed for each degree of severity of disability (number    * imach.c (Module): <title> changed, corresponds to .htm file
   of life states). More degrees you consider, more time is necessary to    name. <head> headers where missing.
   reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  
   The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is    * imach.c (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
   the probabibility to be observed in state j at the second wave conditional    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
   to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore the model is:    otherwise the weight is truncated).
   log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex'    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
   is a covariate. If you want to have a more complex model than "constant and    1.
   age", you should modify the program where the markup    Version 0.98g
     *Covariates have to be included here again* invites you to do it.  
   More covariates you add, less is the speed of the convergence.    Revision 1.122  2006/03/20 09:45:41  brouard
     (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
   The advantage that this computer programme claims, comes from that if the    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
   delay between waves is not identical for each individual, or if some    otherwise the weight is truncated).
   individual missed an interview, the information is not rounded or lost, but    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
   taken into account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    1.
   hPijx is the probability to be    Version 0.98g
   observed in state i at age x+h conditional to the observed state i at age  
   x. The delay 'h' can be split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of    Revision 1.121  2006/03/16 17:45:01  lievre
   unobserved intermediate  states. This elementary transition (by month or    * imach.c (Module): Comments concerning covariates added
   quarter trimester, semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  
   The hPx matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    * imach.c (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply hPijx.    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
     not 1 month. Version 0.98f
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also  
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    Revision 1.120  2006/03/16 15:10:38  lievre
      (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action  
   from the European Union.    Revision 1.119  2006/03/15 17:42:26  brouard
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    (Module): Bug if status = -2, the loglikelihood was
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    computed as likelihood omitting the logarithm. Version O.98e
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .  
   **********************************************************************/    Revision 1.118  2006/03/14 18:20:07  brouard
      (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
 #include <math.h>    table of variances if popbased=1 .
 #include <stdio.h>    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
 #include <stdlib.h>    (Module): Function pstamp added
 #include <unistd.h>    (Module): Version 0.98d
   
 #define MAXLINE 256    Revision 1.117  2006/03/14 17:16:22  brouard
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
 /*#define DEBUG*/    table of variances if popbased=1 .
 #define windows    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    (Module): Function pstamp added
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */    (Module): Version 0.98d
   
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    Revision 1.116  2006/03/06 10:29:27  brouard
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */    (Module): Variance-covariance wrong links and
     varian-covariance of ej. is needed (Saito).
 #define NINTERVMAX 8  
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */    Revision 1.115  2006/02/27 12:17:45  brouard
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    (Module): One freematrix added in mlikeli! 0.98c
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */  
 #define MAXN 20000    Revision 1.114  2006/02/26 12:57:58  brouard
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    (Module): Some improvements in processing parameter
 #define AGESUP 130    filename with strsep.
 #define AGEBASE 40  
     Revision 1.113  2006/02/24 14:20:24  brouard
     (Module): Memory leaks checks with valgrind and:
 int erreur; /* Error number */    datafile was not closed, some imatrix were not freed and on matrix
 int nvar;    allocation too.
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;  
 int npar=NPARMAX;    Revision 1.112  2006/01/30 09:55:26  brouard
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    (Module): Back to gnuplot.exe instead of wgnuplot.exe
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  
 int ncovmodel, ncov;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    Revision 1.111  2006/01/25 20:38:18  brouard
 int popbased=0;    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
     (Module): Comments can be added in data file. Missing date values
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    can be a simple dot '.'.
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */    Revision 1.110  2006/01/25 00:51:50  brouard
 int mle, weightopt;    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    Revision 1.109  2006/01/24 19:37:15  brouard
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    (Module): Comments (lines starting with a #) are allowed in data.
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */  
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    Revision 1.108  2006/01/19 18:05:42  lievre
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf;    Gnuplot problem appeared...
 FILE *ficgp, *fichtm,*ficresprob,*ficpop;    To be fixed
 FILE *ficreseij;  
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.107  2006/01/19 16:20:37  brouard
  FILE  *ficresvij;    Test existence of gnuplot in imach path
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];  
  FILE  *ficresvpl;    Revision 1.106  2006/01/19 13:24:36  brouard
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];    Some cleaning and links added in html output
   
 #define NR_END 1    Revision 1.105  2006/01/05 20:23:19  lievre
 #define FREE_ARG char*    *** empty log message ***
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10  
     Revision 1.104  2005/09/30 16:11:43  lievre
 #define NRANSI    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
 #define ITMAX 200    (Module): If the status is missing at the last wave but we know
     that the person is alive, then we can code his/her status as -2
 #define TOL 2.0e-4    (instead of missing=-1 in earlier versions) and his/her
     contributions to the likelihood is 1 - Prob of dying from last
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660    health status (= 1-p13= p11+p12 in the easiest case of somebody in
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10    the healthy state at last known wave). Version is 0.98
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  
     Revision 1.103  2005/09/30 15:54:49  lievre
 #define GOLD 1.618034    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  
 #define TINY 1.0e-20    Revision 1.102  2004/09/15 17:31:30  brouard
     Add the possibility to read data file including tab characters.
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    Revision 1.101  2004/09/15 10:38:38  brouard
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    Fix on curr_time
    
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
   
 static double sqrarg;    Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)    *** empty log message ***
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  
     Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
 int imx;    New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
 int stepm;    directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
     This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
 int m,nb;    other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;    cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;    from other sources like vital statistic data.
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  
 double dateintmean=0;    The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
   
 double *weight;    Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
 int **s; /* Status */    former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;    The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
     the slope with 95% confident intervals.
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    Current limitations:
     A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
 /**************** split *************************/    model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name )    B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
 {  
    char *s;                             /* pointer */    Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */    Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
     suppressed.
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
    s = strrchr( path, '\\' );           /* find last / */    * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */    rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  
       extern char       *getwd( );    Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository):
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {    (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
 #else    matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
       extern char       *getcwd( );  
     Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {    Just cleaning
 #endif  
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );    Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
       }    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */    (Module): Version 0.96b
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */  
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */  
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */    Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
    }    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */    is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
 }    concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
   
     Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
 /******************************************/    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
     mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
 void replace(char *s, char*t)    of the covariance matrix to be input.
 {  
   int i;    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
   int lg=20;    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
   i=0;    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
   lg=strlen(t);    of the covariance matrix to be input.
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  
     (s[i] = t[i]);    Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';    * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
   }  
 }    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
     Version 0.96
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  
 {    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
   int i,j=0;    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
   int lg=20;    routine fileappend.
   i=0;  
   lg=strlen(s);    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
   }    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
   return j;    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
 }    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
     interview.
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
 {    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
   int i,lg,j,p=0;    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
   i=0;    truncation)
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  
   }    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
   lg=strlen(t);    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
     (u[j] = t[j]);    parcimony.
   }    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
      u[p]='\0';  
     Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {    *** empty log message ***
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  
   }    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
 }    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
   
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  */
   /*
 void nrerror(char error_text[])     Interpolated Markov Chain
 {  
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");    Short summary of the programme:
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);    
   exit(1);    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
 }    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
 /*********************** vector *******************/    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
 {    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
   double *v;    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
   return v-nl+NR_END;    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
 }    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
     simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
 /************************ free vector ******************/    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
 {    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
 }    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
     where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
 /************************ivector *******************************/    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)    convergence.
 {  
   int *v;    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   return v-nl+NR_END;    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
 }    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   
 /******************free ivector **************************/    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
 {    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
 }    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
     matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    hPijx.
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  
 {    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    of the life expectancies. It also computes the period (stable) prevalence. 
   int **m;    
      Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
   /* allocate pointers to rows */             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    from the European Union.
   m += NR_END;    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
   m -= nrl;    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
      can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
    
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    **********************************************************************/
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  /*
      main
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    read parameterfile
      read datafile
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */    concatwav
   return m;    freqsummary
 }    if (mle >= 1)
       mlikeli
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/    print results files
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)    if mle==1 
       int **m;       computes hessian
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */        begin-prev-date,...
 {    open gnuplot file
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    open html file
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));    period (stable) prevalence
 }     for age prevalim()
     h Pij x
 /******************* matrix *******************************/    variance of p varprob
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
 {    health expectancies
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    Variance-covariance of DFLE
   double **m;    prevalence()
      movingaverage()
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    varevsij() 
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
   m += NR_END;    total life expectancies
   m -= nrl;    Variance of period (stable) prevalence
    end
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  */
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  
    
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  #include <math.h>
   return m;  #include <stdio.h>
 }  #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <string.h>
 /*************************free matrix ************************/  #include <unistd.h>
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
 {  #include <limits.h>
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  #include <sys/types.h>
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  #include <sys/stat.h>
 }  #include <errno.h>
   extern int errno;
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/  
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  /* #include <sys/time.h> */
 {  #include <time.h>
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  #include "timeval.h"
   double ***m;  
   /* #include <libintl.h> */
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;  #define MAXLINE 256
   m -= nrl;  
   #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
   #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  
   #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  #define NINTERVMAX 8
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
    #define MAXN 20000
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;  #define AGESUP 130
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  #define AGEBASE 40
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;  #define AGEGOMP 10. /* Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
   }  #ifdef UNIX
   return m;  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
 }  #define CHARSEPARATOR "/"
   #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  #else
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 {  #define CHARSEPARATOR "\\"
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  #endif
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  
 }  /* $Id$ */
   /* $State$ */
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  
 extern int ncom;  char version[]="Imach version 0.98g, March 2006, INED-EUROREVES-Institut de longevite ";
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  char strstart[80];
    char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH];
 double f1dim(double x)  int erreur, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
 {  int nvar;
   int j;  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
   double f;  int npar=NPARMAX;
   double *xt;  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
    int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
   xt=vector(1,ncom);  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];  int popbased=0;
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);  
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
   return f;  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
 }  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
   int ijmin, ijmax; /* Individuals having jmin and jmax */ 
 /*****************brent *************************/  int gipmx, gsw; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)                     to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
 {  int mle, weightopt;
   int iter;  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
   double a,b,d,etemp;  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
   double ftemp;             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   double e=0.0;  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
    double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres, *ficresp, *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
   x=w=v=bx;  int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {  long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);  FILE *ficresilk;
 #ifdef DEBUG  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */  FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
 #endif  FILE *ficreseij;
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
       *xmin=x;  FILE *ficresstdeij;
       return fx;  char fileresstde[FILENAMELENGTH];
     }  FILE *ficrescveij;
     ftemp=fu;  char filerescve[FILENAMELENGTH];
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {  FILE  *ficresvij;
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);  FILE  *ficresvpl;
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
       q=2.0*(q-r);  char title[MAXLINE];
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
       q=fabs(q);  char plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH], pplotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
       etemp=e;  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
       e=d;  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))  int  outcmd=0;
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  
       else {  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
         d=p/q;  
         u=x+d;  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
       }  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
     } else {  
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
     }  
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
     fu=(*f)(u);  struct timezone tzp;
     if (fu <= fx) {  extern int gettimeofday();
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;  struct tm tmg, tm, tmf, *gmtime(), *localtime();
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  long time_value;
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)  extern long time();
         } else {  char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;  
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {  char *endptr;
             v=w;  long lval;
             w=u;  double dval;
             fv=fw;  
             fw=fu;  #define NR_END 1
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {  #define FREE_ARG char*
             v=u;  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
             fv=fu;  
           }  #define NRANSI 
         }  #define ITMAX 200 
   }  
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
   *xmin=x;  
   return fx;  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
 }  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
   #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  
   #define GOLD 1.618034 
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
             double (*func)(double))  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
 {  
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
   double fu;  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
    #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
   if (*fb > *fa) {  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)  
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)  static double sqrarg;
       }  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);  int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
   while (*fb > *fc) {  
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);  int imx; 
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);  int stepm=1;
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));  
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);  int estepm;
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {  int m,nb;
       fu=(*func)(u);  long *num;
       if (fu < *fc) {  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage,*cens;
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))  double **pmmij, ***probs;
           }  double *ageexmed,*agecens;
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {  double dateintmean=0;
       u=ulim;  
       fu=(*func)(u);  double *weight;
     } else {  int **s; /* Status */
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
       fu=(*func)(u);  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
     }  double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)  
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
       }  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
 }  
   /**************** split *************************/
 /*************** linmin ************************/  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
   {
 int ncom;    /* From a file name with (full) path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
 double *pcom,*xicom;       the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);    */ 
      char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
 {  
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   double f1dim(double x);    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so determine current directory */
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));      strcpy( name, path );               /* we got the fullname name because no directory */
   int j;      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
   double fx,fb,fa;      /* get current working directory */
        /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
   ncom=n;      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
   pcom=vector(1,n);        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
   xicom=vector(1,n);      }
   nrfunc=func;      /* got dirc from getcwd*/
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      printf(" DIRC = %s \n",dirc);
     pcom[j]=p[j];    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
     xicom[j]=xi[j];      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
   }      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
   ax=0.0;      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   xx=1.0;      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
 #ifdef DEBUG      printf(" DIRC2 = %s \n",dirc);
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    }
 #endif    /* We add a separator at the end of dirc if not exists */
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
     xi[j] *= xmin;    if( dirc[l1-1] != DIRSEPARATOR ){
     p[j] += xi[j];      dirc[l1] =  DIRSEPARATOR;
   }      dirc[l1+1] = 0; 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);      printf(" DIRC3 = %s \n",dirc);
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);    }
 }    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
     if (ss >0){
 /*************** powell ************************/      ss++;
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,      strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
             double (*func)(double []))      l1= strlen( name);
 {      l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,      strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
               double (*func)(double []));      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
   int i,ibig,j;    }
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;  
   double fp,fptt;    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
   double *xits;  }
   pt=vector(1,n);  
   ptt=vector(1,n);  
   xit=vector(1,n);  /******************************************/
   xits=vector(1,n);  
   *fret=(*func)(p);  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];  {
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    int i;
     fp=(*fret);    int lg=0;
     ibig=0;    i=0;
     del=0.0;    lg=strlen(t);
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)      (s[i] = t[i]);
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
     printf("\n");    }
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  }
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];  
       fptt=(*fret);  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
 #ifdef DEBUG  {
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);    int i,j=0;
 #endif    int lg=20;
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    i=0;
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    lg=strlen(s);
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
         ibig=i;    }
       }    return j;
 #ifdef DEBUG  }
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));  
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);  {
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    /* cuts string t into u and v where u ends before first occurence of char 'occ' 
       }       and v starts after first occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    int i,lg,j,p=0;
       printf("\n");    i=0;
 #endif    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
     }      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    }
 #ifdef DEBUG  
       int k[2],l;    lg=strlen(t);
       k[0]=1;    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
       k[1]=-1;      (u[j] = t[j]);
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    }
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)       u[p]='\0';
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);  
       printf("\n");     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    }
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];  }
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);  
         }  /********************** nrerror ********************/
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));  
       }  void nrerror(char error_text[])
 #endif  {
     fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
     fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
       free_vector(xit,1,n);    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
       free_vector(xits,1,n);  }
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);  /*********************** vector *******************/
       free_vector(pt,1,n);  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
       return;  {
     }    double *v;
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];    return v-nl+NR_END;
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];  }
       pt[j]=p[j];  
     }  /************************ free vector ******************/
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
     if (fptt < fp) {  {
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
       if (t < 0.0) {  }
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  /************************ivector *******************************/
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];  {
         }    int *v;
 #ifdef DEBUG    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    return v-nl+NR_END;
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);  }
         printf("\n");  
 #endif  /******************free ivector **************************/
       }  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
     }  {
   }    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 }  }
   
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/  /************************lvector *******************************/
   long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)  {
 {    long *v;
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
   int i, ii,j,k;  }
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;  
   double **matprod2();  /******************free lvector **************************/
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();  void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
   double **newm;  {
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   }
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)  
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
     }       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
   { 
    cov[1]=1.;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
      int **m; 
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
     newm=savm;    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
      cov[2]=agefin;    m += NR_END; 
      m -= nrl; 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {    
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    
         /*printf("ij=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf\n",ij, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k]);*/    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
       }    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    
     for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/    
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
     return m; 
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);  } 
   
     savm=oldm;  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
     oldm=newm;  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
     maxmax=0.;        int **m;
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
       min=1.;       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
       max=0.;  { 
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
         sumnew=0;    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];  } 
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);  
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);  /******************* matrix *******************************/
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
       }  {
       maxmin=max-min;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);    double **m;
     }  
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       return prlim;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
     }    m += NR_END;
   }    m -= nrl;
 }  
     m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     m[nrl] += NR_END;
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )    m[nrl] -= ncl;
 {  
   double s1, s2;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   /*double t34;*/    return m;
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
      */
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  }
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){  
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  /*************************free matrix ************************/
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];  {
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       }    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       ps[i][j]=s2;  }
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  
     }  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  {
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/    double ***m;
       }  
       ps[i][j]=(s2);    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
     }    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
   }    m += NR_END;
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/    m -= nrl;
   
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
      s1=0;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    m[nrl] += NR_END;
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    m[nrl] -= ncl;
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)  
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);  
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   } /* end i */      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
     
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
       ps[ii][jj]=0;      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       ps[ii][ii]=1;        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
     }    }
   }    return m; 
     /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
              &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){    */
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  }
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);  
    }  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
     printf("\n ");  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
     }  {
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
 /*    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
   goto end;*/  }
     return ps;  
 }  /*************** function subdirf ***********/
   char *subdirf(char fileres[])
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/  {
     /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
 {    strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */    return tmpout;
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized  }
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns  
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */  /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
   long i, j, k;  char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)  {
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)    
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(tmpout,"/");
   return out;    strcat(tmpout,preop);
 }    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     return tmpout;
   }
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/  
   /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
 {  {
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month    
      duration (i.e. until    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step    strcat(tmpout,"/");
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).    strcat(tmpout,preop);
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
      included manually here.    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     return tmpout;
      */  }
   
   int i, j, d, h, k;  /***************** f1dim *************************/
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];  extern int ncom; 
   double **newm;  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
   extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */   
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)  double f1dim(double x) 
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  { 
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    int j; 
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    double f;
     }    double *xt; 
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */   
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
       newm=savm;    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
       cov[1]=1.;    return f; 
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;  } 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)  /*****************brent *************************/
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  { 
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    int iter; 
     double a,b,d,etemp;
     double fu,fv,fw,fx;
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/    double ftemp;
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,    double e=0.0; 
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));   
       savm=oldm;    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
       oldm=newm;    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
     }    x=w=v=bx; 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
          */      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
       }      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
   } /* end h */      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
   return po;  #ifdef DEBUG
 }      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
       fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
       /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/  #endif
 double func( double *x)      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
 {        *xmin=x; 
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;        return fx; 
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];      } 
   double **out;      ftemp=fu;
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
   long ipmx;        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
   /*extern weight */        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */        q=2.0*(q-r); 
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)        q=fabs(q); 
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);        etemp=e; 
   */        e=d; 
   cov[1]=1.;        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
           d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;        else { 
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){          d=p/q; 
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];          u=x+d; 
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        } 
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){      } else { 
         newm=savm;        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;      } 
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];      fu=(*f)(u); 
         }      if (fu <= fx) { 
                if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
         savm=oldm;          } else { 
         oldm=newm;            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
                    if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
                      v=w; 
       } /* end mult */              w=u; 
                    fv=fw; 
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);              fw=fu; 
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
       ipmx +=1;              v=u; 
       sw += weight[i];              fv=fu; 
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;            } 
     } /* end of wave */          } 
   } /* end of individual */    } 
     nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];    *xmin=x; 
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */    return fx; 
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */  } 
   return -l;  
 }  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
   
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/              double (*func)(double)) 
   { 
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
 {    double fu; 
   int i,j, iter;   
   double **xi,*delti;    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
   double fret;    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    if (*fb > *fa) { 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        } 
   printf("Powell\n");    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
     while (*fb > *fc) { 
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
       u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
 }        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
       ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))        fu=(*func)(u); 
 {      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;        fu=(*func)(u); 
   double **hess;        if (fu < *fc) { 
   int i, j,jk;          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
   int *indx;            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
             } 
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);        u=ulim; 
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;        fu=(*func)(u); 
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;      } else { 
         u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        fu=(*func)(u); 
       } 
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);        } 
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);  } 
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/  
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/  /*************** linmin ************************/
   }  
    int ncom; 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  double *pcom,*xicom;
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
       if (j>i) {   
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);  { 
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];        double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
       }    double f1dim(double x); 
     }    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
   }                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
   printf("\n");    int j; 
     double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");    double fx,fb,fa;
     
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    ncom=n; 
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    pcom=vector(1,n); 
   x=vector(1,npar);    xicom=vector(1,n); 
   indx=ivector(1,npar);    nrfunc=func; 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
     } 
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    ax=0.0; 
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    xx=1.0; 
     x[j]=1;    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  #ifdef DEBUG
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
     }    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   }  #endif
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");      xi[j] *= xmin; 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {      p[j] += xi[j]; 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    } 
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
     }    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
     printf("\n");  } 
   }  
   char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
   /* Recompute Inverse */  {
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];    days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
     hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");    sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
     minutes = (sec_left) /60;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    sprintf(ascdiff,"%d day(s) %d hour(s) %d minute(s) %d second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
     x[j]=1;    return ascdiff;
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  }
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
       y[i][j]=x[i];  /*************** powell ************************/
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
     }              double (*func)(double [])) 
     printf("\n");  { 
   }    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
   */                double (*func)(double [])); 
     int i,ibig,j; 
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);    double fp,fptt;
   free_vector(x,1,npar);    double *xits;
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);    int niterf, itmp;
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);  
     pt=vector(1,n); 
     ptt=vector(1,n); 
 }    xit=vector(1,n); 
     xits=vector(1,n); 
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/    *fret=(*func)(p); 
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
 {    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
   int i;      fp=(*fret); 
   int l=1, lmax=20;      ibig=0; 
   double k1,k2;      del=0.0; 
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];      last_time=curr_time;
   double res;      (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp);
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);fflush(stdout);
   double fx;      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec); fflush(ficlog);
   int k=0,kmax=10;  /*     fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec); */
   double l1;     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
         printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
   fx=func(x);        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){      }
     l1=pow(10,l);      printf("\n");
     delts=delt;      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
       delt = delta*(l1*k);      if(*iter <=3){
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;        tm = *localtime(&curr_time.tv_sec);
       k1=func(p2)-fx;        strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tm));
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;  /*       asctime_r(&tm,strcurr); */
       k2=func(p2)-fx;        forecast_time=curr_time; 
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */        itmp = strlen(strcurr);
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */        if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
                strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
 #ifdef DEBUG        printf("\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
 #endif        for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */          forecast_time.tv_sec=curr_time.tv_sec+(niterf-*iter)*(curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){          tmf = *localtime(&forecast_time.tv_sec);
         k=kmax;  /*      asctime_r(&tmf,strfor); */
       }          strcpy(strfor,asctime(&tmf));
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */          itmp = strlen(strfor);
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;          if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
       }          strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){          printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
         delts=delt;          fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
       }        }
     }      }
   }      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
   delti[theta]=delts;        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
   return res;        fptt=(*fret); 
    #ifdef DEBUG
 }        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
         fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)  #endif
 {        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
   int i;        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
   int k;          ibig=i; 
         } 
   fx=func(x);  #ifdef DEBUG
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
     k1=func(p2)-fx;          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
            fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;        }
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     k2=func(p2)-fx;          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
            fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;        }
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;        printf("\n");
     k3=func(p2)-fx;        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
    #endif
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;      } 
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
     k4=func(p2)-fx;  #ifdef DEBUG
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */        int k[2],l;
 #ifdef DEBUG        k[0]=1;
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);        k[1]=-1;
 #endif        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
   }        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
   return res;        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 }          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/        }
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)        printf("\n");
 {        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   int i,imax,j,k;        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
   double big,dum,sum,temp;          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   double *vv;            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
              printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   vv=vector(1,n);            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   *d=1.0;          }
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
     big=0.0;          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)        }
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;  #endif
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");  
     vv[i]=1.0/big;  
   }        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
       sum=a[i][j];        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];        return; 
       a[i][j]=sum;      } 
     }      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
     big=0.0;      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
       sum=a[i][j];        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)        pt[j]=p[j]; 
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];      } 
       a[i][j]=sum;      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {      if (fptt < fp) { 
         big=dum;        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
         imax=i;        if (t < 0.0) { 
       }          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
     }          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     if (j != imax) {            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
         dum=a[imax][k];          }
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];  #ifdef DEBUG
         a[j][k]=dum;          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
       }          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
       *d = -(*d);          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
       vv[imax]=vv[j];            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
     }            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
     indx[j]=imax;          }
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;          printf("\n");
     if (j != n) {          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);  #endif
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;        }
     }      } 
   }    } 
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */  } 
 ;  
 }  /**** Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
   
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
 {  {
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
   double sum;       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
    
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    int i, ii,j,k;
     ip=indx[i];    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
     sum=b[ip];    double **matprod2();
     b[ip]=b[i];    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
     if (ii)    double **newm;
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
     else if (sum) ii=i;  
     b[i]=sum;    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   }      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     sum=b[i];      }
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];  
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];     cov[1]=1.;
   }   
 }   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
 /************ Frequencies ********************/      newm=savm;
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2)      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
 {  /* Some frequencies */       cov[2]=agefin;
      
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
   double *pp;          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;        }
   FILE *ficresp;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);  
     exit(0);      savm=oldm;
   }      oldm=newm;
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);      maxmax=0.;
   j1=0;      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
         min=1.;
   j=cptcoveff;        max=0.;
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
           sumnew=0;
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
        j1++;          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
          scanf("%d", i);*/        }
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          maxmin=max-min;
          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)      }
              freq[i][jk][m]=0;      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
         return prlim;
         dateintsum=0;      }
         k2cpt=0;    }
        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {  }
          bool=1;  
          if  (cptcovn>0) {  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)  
              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
                bool=0;  {
          }    double s1, s2;
          if (bool==1) {    /*double t34;*/
            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);  
              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;        for(j=1; j<i;j++){
                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;          for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];            /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {  /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;          }
                  k2cpt++;          ps[i][j]=s2;
                }  /*      printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
         }
              }        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            }          for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
          }            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
        }  /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2); */
         if  (cptcovn>0) {          }
          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");          ps[i][j]=s2;
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);        }
        fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");      }
         }      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      
          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");        s1=0;
                for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
     if(i==(int)agemax+3)        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
       printf("Total");          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
     else        ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
       printf("Age %d", i);        for(j=1; j<i; j++)
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];          ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
     }        /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      } /* end i */
       for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)      
         pos += freq[jk][m][i];      for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
       if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)        for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);          ps[ii][jj]=0;
       else          ps[ii][ii]=1;
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);        }
     }      }
       
      for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  
       for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  /*        for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  /*       for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
      }  /*         printf("ddd %lf ",ps[ii][jj]); */
   /*       } */
     for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)  /*       printf("\n "); */
       pos += pp[jk];  /*        } */
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /*        printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]); */
       if(pos>=1.e-5)         /*
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);        for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
       else        goto end;*/
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);      return ps;
       if( i <= (int) agemax){  }
         if(pos>=1.e-5){  
           fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
           probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;  
           /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
         }  {
       else    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
           fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
       }    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
     }       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    long i, j, k;
         if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
     if(i <= (int) agemax)      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
       fprintf(ficresp,"\n");        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
     printf("\n");          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
     }  
     }    return out;
  }  }
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;  
    
   fclose(ficresp);  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);  
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
   {
   /* End of Freq */    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
 }       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
        age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
 /************ Prevalence ********************/       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
 void prevalence(int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
 {  /* Some frequencies */       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
         for the memory).
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */       included manually here. 
   double *pp;  
   double pos, k2;       */
   
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);    int i, j, d, h, k;
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
      double **newm;
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);  
   j1=0;    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
      for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   j=cptcoveff;      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
          po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
  for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){      }
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
       j1++;    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
        for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          newm=savm;
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          /* Covariates have to be included here again */
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)        cov[1]=1.;
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
              for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
         bool=1;          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
         if  (cptcovn>0) {        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])  
               bool=0;  
         }        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
         if (bool==1) {        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {        savm=oldm;
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;        oldm=newm;
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;      }
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3+1)] += weight[i];          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
             }          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
           }          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
         }           */
       }        }
          } /* end h */
         for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){    return po;
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  }
             for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)  
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  
           }  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  double func( double *x)
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)  {
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
         }    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
            double **out;
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    int s1, s2;
          }    double bbh, survp;
              long ipmx;
          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];    /*extern weight */
     /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){              /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
            if( i <= (int) agemax){    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
              if(pos>=1.e-5){      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    */
              }    cov[1]=1.;
            }  
          }    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
            
         }    if(mle==1){
     }      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
          for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
            for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 }  /* End of Freq */            }
           for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/            newm=savm;
             cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
 {              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.            }
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]            savm=oldm;
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.            oldm=newm;
      */          } /* end mult */
         
   int i, mi, m;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
            * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
   double sum=0.;           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
   jmin=1e+5;           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. Then we inter(extra)polate the
   jmax=-1;           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
   jmean=0.;           * from savm to out if bh is negative or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
     mi=0;           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
     m=firstpass;           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){           */
       if(s[m][i]>=1)          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         mw[++mi][i]=m;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
       if(m >=lastpass)          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
         break;          /* bias bh is positive if real duration
       else           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
         m++;           */
     }/* end while */          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known 
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */               then the contribution to the likelihood is the probability to 
          /* Only death is a correct wave */               die between last step unit time and current  step unit time, 
       mw[mi][i]=m;               which is also equal to probability to die before dh 
     }               minus probability to die before dh-stepm . 
                In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
     wav[i]=mi;          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
     if(mi==0)          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
   }          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
           (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
       if (stepm <=0)          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
         dh[mi][i]=1;          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
       else{          and month of death but the probability to survive from last
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {          probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
           k=k+1;          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;          lower mortality.
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;            */
           sum=sum+j;            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
           /* if (j<10) printf("j=%d num=%d ",j,i); */  
           }  
         }          } else if  (s2==-2) {
         else{            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
           k=k+1;            /*survp += out[s1][j]; */
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;            lli= log(survp);
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;          }
           /*   if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */          
           sum=sum+j;          else if  (s2==-4) { 
         }            for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)  
         jk= j/stepm;              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
         jl= j -jk*stepm;            lli= log(survp); 
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;          } 
         if(jl <= -ju)  
           dh[mi][i]=jk;          else if  (s2==-5) { 
         else            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)  
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)            lli= log(survp); 
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */          } 
       }          
     }          else{
   }            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
   jmean=sum/k;            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);          } 
  }          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
 {          ipmx +=1;
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;          sw += weight[i];
   int cptcode=0;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   cptcoveff=0;        } /* end of wave */
        } /* end of individual */
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    }  else if(mle==2){
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       Ndum[ij]++;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;            }
     }          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
             newm=savm;
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     }              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
     ij=1;            }
             out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                          1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {            savm=oldm;
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {            oldm=newm;
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {          } /* end mult */
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;        
           ij++;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
       }            lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
     }          ipmx +=1;
   }            sw += weight[i];
           ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;        } /* end of wave */
       } /* end of individual */
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
       ij=Tvar[i];      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       Ndum[ij]++;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     }        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
  ij=1;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncov)){              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;            }
      ij++;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
    }            newm=savm;
  }            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
              for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     cptcoveff=ij-1;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
 }            }
             out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
             savm=oldm;
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij)            oldm=newm;
 {          } /* end mult */
   /* Health expectancies */        
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   double age, agelim,hf;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   double ***p3mat;          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
            lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");          ipmx +=1;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");          sw += weight[i];
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        } /* end of wave */
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d",i,j);      } /* end of individual */
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
       for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /*  Every j years of age (in month) */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   agelim=AGESUP;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);            }
     /* Typically if 20 years = 20*12/6=40 stepm */          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;            newm=savm;
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically 40/4=10 */            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */            }
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);            
             out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                          1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            savm=oldm;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)            oldm=newm;
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          } /* end mult */
           eij[i][j][(int)age] +=p3mat[i][j][h];        
         }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
              s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     hf=1;          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%.0f",age );          }else{
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          }
         fprintf(ficreseij," %.4f", hf*eij[i][j][(int)age]);          ipmx +=1;
       }          sw += weight[i];
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   }        } /* end of wave */
 }      } /* end of individual */
     }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
 /************ Variance ******************/      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
 {        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   /* Variance of health expectancies */          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double **newm;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;            }
   int k, cptcode;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   double *xp;            newm=savm;
   double **gp, **gm;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   double ***p3mat;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   double age,agelim;            }
   int theta;          
             out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");            savm=oldm;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            oldm=newm;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          } /* end mult */
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);        
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   xp=vector(1,npar);          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);          ipmx +=1;
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);          sw += weight[i];
            ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        } /* end of wave */
   agelim = AGESUP;      } /* end of individual */
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    } /* End of if */
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    return -l;
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);  }
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   double funcone( double *x)
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){  {
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
       }    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      double **out;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
     double llt;
       if (popbased==1) {    int s1, s2;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double bbh, survp;
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    /*extern weight */
       }    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
          /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)    */
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];    cov[1]=1.;
         }  
       }    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
      
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       if (popbased==1) {            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];          }
       }        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
           newm=savm;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];          }
         }          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       }                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           savm=oldm;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)          oldm=newm;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        } /* end mult */
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];        
         }        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
     } /* End theta */        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        /* bias is positive if real duration
          * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)         */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];        } else if  (s2==-2) {
           for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)          lli= log(survp);
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;        }else if (mle==1){
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){        } else if(mle==2){
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);        } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j];          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
       }        } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
     }          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
     h=1;        } /* End of if */
     if (stepm >= YEARM) h=stepm/YEARM;        ipmx +=1;
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );        sw += weight[i];
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){  /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", h*vareij[i][j][(int)age]);        if(globpr){
       }          fprintf(ficresilk,"%9d %6d %2d %2d %1d %1d %3d %11.6f %8.4f\
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");   %11.6f %11.6f %11.6f ", \
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);                  num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
   } /* End age */          }
            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);        }
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);      } /* end of wave */
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    } /* end of individual */
     for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
 }    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
     l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/    if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)      gipmx=ipmx;
 {      gsw=sw;
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */    }
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/    return -l;
   double **newm;  }
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;  
   int k, cptcode;  /*************** function likelione ***********/
   double *xp;  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
   double *gp, *gm;  {
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
   double age,agelim;       the selection of individuals/waves and
   int theta;       to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
           Plotting could be done.
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");     */
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");    int k;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");      strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
       strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
   xp=vector(1,npar);      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
        }
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight 2wlli out sav ");
   agelim = AGESUP;      /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */    }
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);  
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);    *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);    if(*globpri !=0){
       fclose(ficresilk);
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */      fflush(fichtm); 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    } 
       }    return;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];  
      /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */  
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  {
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    int i,j, iter;
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];    double **xi;
     double fret;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];    /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
     } /* End theta */    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
         xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
     if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    }
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");  
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);    free_matrix(xi,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);    fclose(ficrespow);
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   } /* End age */    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  }
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
   void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
 }  {
     double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/    double **hess;
 void varprob(char fileres[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij)    int i, j,jk;
 {    int *indx;
   int i, j;  
   int k=0, cptcode;    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   double *xp;    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
   double *gp, *gm;    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    double gompertz(double p[]);
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   int theta;  
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);     
   }       hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
   printf("Computing variance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);      
        /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
           printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
   xp=vector(1,npar);    }
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);    
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
        for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
   cov[1]=1;        if (j>i) { 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
     cov[2]=age;          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,9);          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j,func,npar);
     trgradg=matrix(1,9,1,npar);          
     gp=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
     gm=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
            }
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){      }
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    }
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    printf("\n");
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);  
        printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
       k=0;    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
       for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath); i++){    
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
            k=k+1;    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
           gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];    x=vector(1,npar);
         }    indx=ivector(1,npar);
       }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
       for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
        for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);      x[j]=1;
       k=0;      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
       for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
           k=k+1;      }
           gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];    }
         }  
       }    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
        for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
            gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];        for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
     }        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)      }
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      printf("\n");
       trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
      }
      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,9,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  
      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,9,1,npar,1,9,gradg);    /* Recompute Inverse */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
      pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
     ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
      k=0;  
      for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  
          k=k+1;    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
          gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
         }      x[j]=1;
      }      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
            for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
      /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);        y[i][j]=x[i];
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
                fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
       }
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));      printf("\n");
      }*/      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);    */
   
   for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
     if (i== 2) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
 if (i== 4) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);    free_vector(x,1,npar);
   }    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
     free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));  
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));  
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);  }
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);  
 }  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
  free_vector(xp,1,npar);  double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
 fclose(ficresprob);  {
  exit(0);    int i;
 }    int l=1, lmax=20;
     double k1,k2;
 /***********************************************/    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
 /**************** Main Program *****************/    double res;
 /***********************************************/    double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
     double fx;
 /*int main(int argc, char *argv[])*/    int k=0,kmax=10;
 int main()    double l1;
 {  
     fx=func(x);
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
   double agemin=1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;      l1=pow(10,l);
       delts=delt;
   double fret;      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
   double **xi,tmp,delta;        delt = delta*(l1*k);
         p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */        k1=func(p2)-fx;
   double ***p3mat;        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
   int *indx;        k2=func(p2)-fx;
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
   char title[MAXLINE];        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];        
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];  #ifdef DEBUG
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];  #endif
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */          k=kmax;
   int c,  h , cpt,l;        }
   int ju,jl, mi;        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;        }
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
   int hstepm, nhstepm;          delts=delt;
   int *popage;/*boolprev=0 if date and zero if wave*/        }
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2;      }
     }
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;    delti[theta]=delts;
   double ftolpl=FTOL;    return res; 
   double **prlim;    
   double *severity;  }
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */  
   double  *p;  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */  {
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */    int i;
   double *delti; /* Scale */    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
   double ***eij, ***vareij;    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   double *epj, vepp;    int k;
   double kk1, kk2;  
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;    fx=func(x);
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean, calagedate;    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
   double yp,yp1,yp2;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
   char version[80]="Imach version 64b, May 2001, INED-EUROREVES ";      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];      k1=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
   char z[1]="c", occ;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
 #include <sys/time.h>      k2=func(p2)-fx;
 #include <time.h>    
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
        p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
   /* long total_usecs;      k3=func(p2)-fx;
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;    
        p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
       k4=func(p2)-fx;
       res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
   printf("\nIMACH, Version 0.7");  #ifdef DEBUG
   printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
 #ifdef windows  #endif
   scanf("%s",pathtot);    }
   getcwd(pathcd, size);    return res;
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);  }
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/  
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
   void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
 split(pathtot, path,optionfile);  { 
   chdir(path);    int i,imax,j,k; 
   replace(pathc,path);    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
 #endif    double *vv; 
 #ifdef unix   
   scanf("%s",optionfile);    vv=vector(1,n); 
 #endif    *d=1.0; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/      big=0.0; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
   strcpy(fileres,"r");        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
   strcat(fileres, optionfile);      if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
       vv[i]=1.0/big; 
   /*---------arguments file --------*/    } 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);        sum=a[i][j]; 
     goto end;        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
   }        a[i][j]=sum; 
       } 
   strcpy(filereso,"o");      big=0.0; 
   strcat(filereso,fileres);      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {        sum=a[i][j]; 
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
   }          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         a[i][j]=sum; 
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          big=dum; 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          imax=i; 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        } 
     puts(line);      } 
     fputs(line,ficparo);      if (j != imax) { 
   }        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          dum=a[imax][k]; 
           a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncov, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);          a[j][k]=dum; 
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);        } 
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncov,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);        *d = -(*d); 
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      } 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      indx[j]=imax; 
     puts(line);      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
     fputs(line,ficparo);      if (j != n) { 
   }        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
        } 
        } 
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
   cptcovn=0;  ;
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;  } 
   
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */  { 
      int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
   /* Read guess parameters */    double sum; 
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */   
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      ip=indx[i]; 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      sum=b[ip]; 
     puts(line);      b[ip]=b[i]; 
     fputs(line,ficparo);      if (ii) 
   }        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      else if (sum) ii=i; 
        b[i]=sum; 
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    } 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){      sum=b[i]; 
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    } 
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  } 
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);  
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);  void pstamp(FILE *fichier)
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);  {
       }    fprintf(fichier,"# %s.%s\n#%s\n#%s\n# %s", optionfilefiname,optionfilext,version,fullversion,strstart);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  }
       printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  /************ Frequencies ********************/
     }  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[])
    {  /* Some frequencies */
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;    
     int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
   p=param[1][1];    int first;
      double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    double *pp, **prop;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    
     puts(line);    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
     fputs(line,ficparo);    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
   }    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
     if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      exit(0);
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){    }
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    j1=0;
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);    
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    j=cptcoveff;
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);  
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);    first=1;
       }  
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
       printf("\n");      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");        j1++;
     }        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
   }          scanf("%d", i);*/
   delti=delti3[1][1];        for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
            for (jk=-5; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
     puts(line);        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
     fputs(line,ficparo);          prop[i][m]=0;
   }        
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        dateintsum=0;
          k2cpt=0;
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){          bool=1;
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);          if  (cptcovn>0) {
     printf("%s",str);            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){                bool=0;
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);          }
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);          if (bool==1){
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
     }              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");              /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
     printf("\n");                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
   }                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)                if (m<lastpass) {
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
                    }
   printf("\n");                
                 if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
                   dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
     /*-------- data file ----------*/                  k2cpt++;
     if((ficres =fopen(fileres,"w"))==NULL) {                }
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileres);goto end;                /*}*/
     }            }
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);          }
            }
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {         
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
     }        pstamp(ficresp);
         if  (cptcovn>0) {
     n= lastobs;          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
     num=ivector(1,n);        }
     moisnais=vector(1,n);        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
     annais=vector(1,n);          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
     andc=vector(1,n);        
     agedc=vector(1,n);        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
     cod=ivector(1,n);          if(i==iagemax+3){
     weight=vector(1,n);            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total<br>");
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);          }else{
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);            if(first==1){
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);              first=0;
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);                  printf("See log file for details...\n");
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);            }
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
           }
     i=1;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
                  }
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
           strcpy(line,stra);              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);              if(first==1){
         }              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
                      }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);            }else{
               if(first==1)
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
             }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          }
         for (j=ncov;j>=1;j--){  
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
         }            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
         num[i]=atol(stra);              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
                  }       
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){          for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/            pos += pp[jk];
             posprop += prop[jk][i];
         i=i+1;          }
       }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     }            if(pos>=1.e-5){
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);              if(first==1)
        scanf("%d",i);*/                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
             }else{
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){              if(first==1)
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;            }
     }            if( i <= iagemax){
               if(pos>=1.e-5){
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
     if (covar[1][i]==0) printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));*/                /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
                 /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/              }
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);              else
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);            }
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);          }
   Tage=ivector(1,15);                
              for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
   if (strlen(model) >1){            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
     j=nbocc(model,'+');              if(first==1)
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
     cptcovn=j+1;                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
     cptcovprod=j1;              }
              if(i <= iagemax)
                fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
     strcpy(modelsav,model);          if(first==1)
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){            printf("Others in log...\n");
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       goto end;        }
     }      }
        }
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');   
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);    fclose(ficresp);
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/    free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');    /* End of Freq */
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {  }
           cptcovprod--;  
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');  /************ Prevalence ********************/
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
           cptcovage++;  {  
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
         }       We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {    */
           cptcovprod--;   
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
           cptcovage++;    double *pp, **prop;
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;    double pos,posprop; 
         }    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
         else {    int iagemin, iagemax;
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');  
           Tvar[i]=ncov+k1;    iagemin= (int) agemin;
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');    iagemax= (int) agemax;
           Tprod[k1]=i;    /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];    j1=0;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];    
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)    j=cptcoveff;
             covar[ncov+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
           k1++;    
           k2=k2+2;    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
         }      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
       }        j1++;
       else {        
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/        for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');            prop[i][m]=0.0;
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);       
       }        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);            bool=1;
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);          if  (cptcovn>0) {
         scanf("%d",i);*/            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
     }              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
 }                bool=0;
            } 
   /*printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);          if (bool==1) { 
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
   scanf("%d ",i);*/              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
     fclose(fic);              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
                 if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
     /*  if(mle==1){*/                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/                if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
     }                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/                  prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);                  prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
                 } 
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)              }
      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++)            } /* end selection of waves */
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){          }
          anint[m][i]=9999;        }
          s[m][i]=-1;        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
        }          
              for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {            posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);          } 
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){  
         if(s[m][i] >0){          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
           if (s[m][i] == nlstate+1) {            if( i <=  iagemax){ 
             if(agedc[i]>0)              if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
               agev[m][i]=agedc[i];              } 
             else {            } 
               if (andc[i]!=9999){          }/* end jk */ 
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);        }/* end i */ 
               agev[m][i]=-1;      } /* end i1 */
               }    } /* end k1 */
             }    
           }    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)  }  /* End of prevalence */
               agev[m][i]=1;  
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
               agemin=agev[m][i];  
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
             }  {
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
               agemax=agev[m][i];       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
             }       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/       */
           }  
           else { /* =9 */    int i, mi, m;
             agev[m][i]=1;    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
             s[m][i]=-1;       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
           }    int first;
         }    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
         else /*= 0 Unknown */    double sum=0.;
           agev[m][i]=1;    first=0;
       }    jmin=1e+5;
        jmax=-1;
     }    jmean=0.;
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){      mi=0;
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {      m=firstpass;
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");        while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
           goto end;        if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5)
         }          mw[++mi][i]=m;
       }        if(m >=lastpass)
     }          break;
         else
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);          m++;
       }/* end while */
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
     free_vector(annais,1,n);           /* Only death is a correct wave */
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);        mw[mi][i]=m;
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/      }
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);  
     free_vector(andc,1,n);      wav[i]=mi;
       if(mi==0){
            nbwarn++;
     wav=ivector(1,imx);        if(first==0){
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);          printf("Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);          first=1;
            }
     /* Concatenates waves */        if(first==1){
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
         }
       } /* end mi==0 */
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);    } /* End individuals */
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);  
       ncodemax[1]=1;    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
              if (stepm <=0)
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);          dh[mi][i]=1;
    h=0;        else{
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
              if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){              j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){              if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){              else if(j<0){
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){                nberr++;
            h++;                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;                j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
          }                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
        }                fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
      }                fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
    }              }
                  k=k+1;
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age              if (j >= jmax){
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */                jmax=j;
                 ijmax=i;
                  }
                  if (j <= jmin){
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                jmin=j;
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                ijmin=i;
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */              }
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */              sum=sum+j;
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
                    /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]            }
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */          }
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */          else{
             j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
     if(mle==1){  /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);  
     }            k=k+1;
                if (j >= jmax) {
     /*--------- results files --------------*/              jmax=j;
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle,weightopt,model);              ijmax=i;
              }
             else if (j <= jmin){
    jk=1;              jmin=j;
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters\n");              ijmin=i;
    printf("# Parameters\n");            }
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
        if (k != i)            if(j<0){
          {              nberr++;
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);              printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);              fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){            }
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);            sum=sum+j;
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);          }
              jk++;          jk= j/stepm;
            }          jl= j -jk*stepm;
            printf("\n");          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");          if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
          }            if(jl==0){
      }              dh[mi][i]=jk;
    }              bh[mi][i]=0;
  if(mle==1){            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);              bh[mi][i]=ju;
  }            }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales\n");          }else{
     printf("# Scales\n");            if(jl <= -ju){
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){              dh[mi][i]=jk;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
         if (j!=i) {                                   * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);                                   */
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);            }
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){            else{
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);              bh[mi][i]=ju;
             jk++;            }
           }            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
           printf("\n");              dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
         }              /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
       }            }
      }          } /* end if mle */
            }
     k=1;      } /* end wave */
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance\n");    }
     printf("# Covariance\n");    jmean=sum/k;
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, num[ijmin], jmax, num[ijmax], jmean);
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, ijmin, jmax, ijmax, jmean);
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;   }
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);  
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
       printf("%3d",i);  {
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){    
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    int cptcode=0;
       }    cptcoveff=0; 
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");   
       printf("\n");    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
       k++;    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
     }  
        for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
       ungetc(c,ficpar);                                 modality*/ 
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
       puts(line);        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
       fputs(line,ficparo);        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
     }        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
                                           female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);      }
      
     if (fage <= 2) {      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
       bage = agemin;        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
       fage = agemax;      }
     }  
       ij=1; 
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy.\n");      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
         for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
              /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            
     ungetc(c,ficpar);            ij++;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          }
     puts(line);          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
     fputs(line,ficparo);        }  
   }      } 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    }  
    
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mob_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);  
  fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
           /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){     ij=Tvar[i];
     ungetc(c,ficpar);     Ndum[ij]++;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);   }
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);   ij=1;
   }   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
   ungetc(c,ficpar);     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
         Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
        ij++;
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;     }
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;   }
    
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
    fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);    }
    fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);    
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,char strstart[] )
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);  {
     fputs(line,ficparo);    /* Health expectancies, no variances */
   }    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    double age, agelim, hf;
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);    double ***p3mat;
 fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);    double eip;
 fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);  
     pstamp(ficreseij);
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2);    fprintf(ficreseij,"# (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age and (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age\n");
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
  /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
 chdir(pathcd);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   if((ficgp=fopen("graph.plt","w"))==NULL) {        fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d%1d ",i,j);
     printf("Problem with file graph.gp");goto end;      }
   }      fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d. ",i);
 #ifdef windows    }
   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
 #endif  
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    
      if(estepm < stepm){
  /* 1eme*/      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    }
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
 #ifdef windows     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
 #endif     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
 #ifdef unix     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres);     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
 #endif     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");  
 }    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
 }       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
 }         results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));    */
 #ifdef unix    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300");  
 #endif    agelim=AGESUP;
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
    }    nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
   }    /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
   /*2 eme*/    /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,fage);  
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
       k=2*i;         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij);  
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
 }        
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      /* Computing expectancies */
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
 }            for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);            
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {            /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          }
 }    
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
     }        eip=0;
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   }          eip +=eij[i][j][(int)age];
            fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eij[i][j][(int)age] );
   /*3eme*/        }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eip );
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      }
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
       k=2+nlstate*(cpt-1);      
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);    }
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {    free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);    printf("\n");
       }    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    
     }  }
   }  
    void cvevsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov,char strstart[] )
   /* CV preval stat */  
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  {
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {    /* Covariances of health expectancies eij and of total life expectancies according
       k=3;     to initial status i, ei. .
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",agemin,agemax,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);    */
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2, ij, ji;
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);    double age, agelim, hf;
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);    double ***p3matp, ***p3matm, ***varhe;
          double **dnewm,**doldm;
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;    double *xp, *xm;
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);    double **gp, **gm;
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;    int theta;
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);  
       }    double eip, vip;
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);    
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     }    xp=vector(1,npar);
   }      xm=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
   /* proba elementaires */    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){    pstamp(ficresstdeij);
       if (k != i) {    fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Health expectancies with standard errors\n");
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Age");
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s%1d%1d=%f ",alph[j],i,k,p[jk]);*/    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s",alph[1]);*/      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);        fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d%1d (SE)",i,j);
           jk++;      fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d. ",i);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");    }
         }    fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
       }  
     }    pstamp(ficrescveij);
     }    fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Subdiagonal matrix of covariances of health expectancies by age: cov(eij,ekl)\n");
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Age");
   for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,agemax);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
    i=1;        cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
    for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {        for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
      k3=i;          for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
      for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {            cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
        if (k != k2){            if(cptj2 <= cptj)
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);              fprintf(ficrescveij,"  %1d%1d,%1d%1d",i,j,i2,j2);
 ij=1;          }
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {      }
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {    fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);    
             ij++;    if(estepm < stepm){
           }      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
           else    }
           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
         }    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
           fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
             * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
         for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){       * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
           fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
 ij=1;     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
           for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
             ij++;     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
           }  
           else    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
           }       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
           fprintf(ficgp,")");       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
         }       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
         if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
         i=i+ncovmodel;       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        }       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
      }       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
    }       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);    */
   }    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
      
   fclose(ficgp);    /* If stepm=6 months */
   /* end gnuplot */    /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
        agelim=AGESUP;
 chdir(path);    nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
        /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);    /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      
     free_ivector(num,1,n);    p3matp=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);    p3matm=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/    gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     fclose(ficparo);    trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     fclose(ficres);    gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     /*  }*/    gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
      
    /*________fin mle=1_________*/    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
      
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
           in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
     /* No more information from the sample is required now */   
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      /* Gradient is computed with plus gp and minus gm. Code is duplicated in order to
     puts(line);         decrease memory allocation */
     fputs(line,ficparo);      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
            xm[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);        }
   printf("agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax, bage, fage);        hpxij(p3matp,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij);  
   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);        hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xm,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij);  
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/    
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {              gp[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matp[i][j][h]+p3matp[i][j][h+1])/2.;
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);goto end;              gm[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.;
   }            }
           }
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body><ul> <font size=\"6\">Imach, Version 0.7 </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">        }
 Titre=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>       
 Total number of observations=%d <br>        for(ij=1; ij<= nlstate*nlstate; ij++)
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">            gradg[h][theta][ij]= (gp[h][ij]-gm[h][ij])/2./delti[theta];
 <li>Outputs files<br><br>\n          }
         - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n      }/* End theta */
 - Estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>      
         - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>      
         - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
         - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
         - Life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
         - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
         - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>      
         - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>  
         - Prevalences and population forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>       for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
 <br>",title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);        for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
           varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] =0.;
  fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");  
        printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
  m=cptcoveff;       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
         for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
  j1=0;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){          for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
        j1++;            for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
        if (cptcovn > 0) {              varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] += doldm[ij][ji]*hf*hf;
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");        }
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)      }
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[j1][cpt]]);      /* Computing expectancies */
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");      hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij);  
        }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);              for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>            
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);            /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
        }  
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {          }
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident  
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>      fprintf(ficresstdeij,"%3.0f",age );
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
      }        eip=0.;
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {        vip=0.;
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);          eip += eij[i][j][(int)age];
      }          for(k=1; k<=nlstate;k++) /* Sum on j and k of cov(eij,eik) */
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and            vip += varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(k-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age];
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>          fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(j-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age]) );
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);        }
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");        fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eip, sqrt(vip));
    }      }
  }      fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
 fclose(fichtm);  
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"%3.0f",age );
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");          cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);          for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {            for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;              cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
   }              if(cptj2 <= cptj)
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);                fprintf(ficrescveij," %.4f", varhe[cptj][cptj2][(int)age]);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");            }
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");        }
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);      fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");     
      }
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    free_ma3x(p3matm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    free_ma3x(p3matp,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   k=0;    printf("\n");
   agebase=agemin;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   agelim=agemax;  
   ftolpl=1.e-10;    free_vector(xm,1,npar);
   i1=cptcoveff;    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  }
         k=k+1;  
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/  /************ Variance ******************/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[])
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  {
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    /* Variance of health expectancies */
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
            /* double **newm;*/
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){    double **dnewm,**doldm;
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int k, cptcode;
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);    double *xp;
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
         }    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
       }    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
     }    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
   fclose(ficrespl);    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
     double ***p3mat;
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/    double age,agelim, hf;
      double ***mobaverage;
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);    int theta;
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {    char digit[4];
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;    char digitp[25];
   }  
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
    
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    if(popbased==1){
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/      if(mobilav!=0)
         strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
   agelim=AGESUP;      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    else 
        strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
   k=0;  
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    if (mobilav!=0) {
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       k=k+1;      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      }
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");    }
          
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);    }
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){   
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    pstamp(ficresprobmorprev);
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
           }      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
         }    }  
     }    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   }    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
     /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
   /* varprob(fileres, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k);*/    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   fclose(ficrespij);  /*   } */
     varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   if(stepm == 1) {    pstamp(ficresvij);
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
   calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;    if(popbased==1)
       fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific prevalence observed in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1)");
   /*printf("calage= %f", calagedate);*/    else
        fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
   prevalence(agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e.%1d, e.%1d)",i,j);
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);goto end;    xp=vector(1,npar);
   }    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);  
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   /* Mobile average */    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     
   if (mobilav==1) {    if(estepm < stepm){
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     for (agedeb=bage+3; agedeb<=fage-2; agedeb++)    }
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    else  hstepm=estepm;   
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
           nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
     for (agedeb=bage+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){       and note for a fixed period like k years */
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
           }       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
         }       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
       }    */
     }      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   }    agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
       p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   agelim=AGESUP;      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   /*hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; *//* Every year of age */      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   hstepm=1;      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2 years/6 months = 4 */  
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);  
   anprojmean=yp;      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
   mprojmean=yp;          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);        }
   jprojmean=yp;        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;  
         if (popbased==1) {
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);          if(mobilav ==0){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   if (popforecast==1) {              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL)    {          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);goto end;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     }              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);          }
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);        }
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);    
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     i=1;            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF)            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
       {              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
         i=i+1;          }
       }        }
     imx=i;        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
               computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];           as a weighted average of prlim.
   }        */
         for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
       k=k+1;        }    
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");        /* end probability of death */
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {  
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
       }          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);   
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficresf," [Population]");        if (popbased==1) {
              if(mobilav ==0){
       for (cpt=0; cpt<4;cpt++) {            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(bage-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
         nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);          }
         nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;        }
         /*printf("agedeb=%.lf stepm=%d hstepm=%d nhstepm=%d \n",agedeb,stepm,hstepm,nhstepm);*/  
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
         p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);                gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
                  }
         for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        }
           if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
             fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
           }           as a weighted average of prlim.
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        */
             kk1=0.;kk2=0;        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                  for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
               if (mobilav==1)           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];        }    
               else {        /* end probability of death */
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];  
                 /* fprintf(ficresf," p3=%.3f p=%.3f ", p3mat[i][j][h], probs[(int)(agedeb)+1][i][cptcod]);*/        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
               }          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
               if (popforecast==1) kk2=kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb];          }
             }  
                  for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
               fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);        }
                
               if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficresf," [%.f]", kk2);      } /* End theta */
             }  
           }      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
         }  
         free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
       }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
       }          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     }            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
   }  
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
   if (popforecast==1) {        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);    
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);  
   }      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   free_vector(weight,1,n);        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
   fclose(ficresf);          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   }/* End forecasting */  
   else{      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
     erreur=108;        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
     printf("Error %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d\n", erreur, stepm);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   }          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
           for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
               vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
   strcpy(filerest,"t");        }
   strcat(filerest,fileres);      }
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {    
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;      /* pptj */
   }      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
       for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   strcpy(filerese,"e");          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
   strcat(filerese,fileres);      /* end ppptj */
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {      /*  x centered again */
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   }      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);   
       if (popbased==1) {
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");        if(mobilav ==0){
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);        }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   }          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
         }
   k=0;      }
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){               
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
       k=k+1;         computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");         as a weighted average of prlim.
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      */
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");        for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");      }    
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      /* end probability of death */
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);  
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");        }
       } 
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k);        fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
       varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
              }
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
              free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       hf=1;      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);    } /* End age */
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         if (popbased==1) {    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
         }    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
            fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
         fprintf(ficrest," %.0f",age);  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*hf*eij[i][j][(int)age];    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
           }    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
         }    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];  */
         fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[nlstate+1],hf*sqrt(vepp));  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.png\";replot;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
           fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[j],hf*sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));  
         }    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       }    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     }    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   }    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
            free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
            if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
     fflush(ficgp);
  fclose(ficreseij);    fflush(fichtm); 
  fclose(ficresvij);  }  /* end varevsij */
   fclose(ficrest);  
   fclose(ficpar);  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, char strstart[])
   /*  scanf("%d ",i); */  {
     /* Variance of prevalence limit */
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/      /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
     double **newm;
 strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {    int k, cptcode;
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    double *xp;
     exit(0);    double *gp, *gm;
   }    double **gradg, **trgradg;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);    double age,agelim;
     int theta;
  k=0;    
  for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    pstamp(ficresvpl);
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences \n");
      k=k+1;    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");  
          xp=vector(1,npar);
      varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
      oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    
    }    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
  }    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
   fclose(ficresvpl);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/      if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
        gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
    
        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        }
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);          gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);      
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   if(erreur >0)        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     printf("End of Imach with error %d\n",erreur);          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
   else   printf("End of Imach\n");  
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
            gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/      } /* End theta */
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/  
   /*------ End -----------*/      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
  end:        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
 #ifdef windows          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
  chdir(pathcd);  
 #endif      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
          varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
  system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
 #ifdef windows      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   while (z[0] != 'q') {        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
     chdir(pathcd);  
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
     scanf("%s",z);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
     else if (z[0] == 'e') {      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
       chdir(path);      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       system(optionfilehtm);      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
     }      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   }    } /* End age */
 #endif  
 }    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
   }
   
   /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
   {
     int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
     int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
     int k=0,l, cptcode;
     int first=1, first1;
     double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double **mu;
     double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
     double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
     int theta;
     char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
     char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
     char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     double ***varpij;
   
     strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
     strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
     if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
     }
     strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
     strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
     if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
     }
     strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
     strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
     if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
     }
     printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
     printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
     printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
     fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
     pstamp(ficresprob);
     fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
     fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
     pstamp(ficresprobcov);
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     pstamp(ficresprobcor);
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"# Age");
   
   
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
       }  
    /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
    */
    xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
     varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
     first=1;
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4></li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n\
     file %s<br>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated\
   and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
    They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
   It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
   would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
   standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
    Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
    and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
   To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
   
     cov[1]=1;
     tj=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     j1=0;
     for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
         j1++;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {
           fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
           fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
           
           fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
           
           
           fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
           
           fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
         }
         
         for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
           cov[2]=age;
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
             cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
           }
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
             cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           
           gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
             for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
             
             pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
             
             k=0;
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
               for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                 k=k+1;
                 gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
             }
             
             for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
       
             pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
             k=0;
             for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
               for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                 k=k+1;
                 gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
             }
        
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
               gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
           }
   
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
             for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
               trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
           
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
           free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
           
           k=0;
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
               k=k+1;
               mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
             }
           }
           for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
             for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
               varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
   
           /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
             for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
             printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
             fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
             }*/
   
           fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   
           for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
             fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
           for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
           }
           i=0;
           for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
             for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
               i=i++;
               fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
                 fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                 fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
               }
             }
           }/* end of loop for state */
         } /* end of loop for age */
   
         /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
         /*
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
         */
   
         /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
         first1=1;
         for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
           for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
             if(l2==k2) continue;
             j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
             for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
               for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                 if(l1==k1) continue;
                 i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
                 if(i<=j) continue;
                 for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
                   if ((int)age %5==0){
                     v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
                     mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
                     c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
                     /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
                     lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     /* Eigen vectors */
                     v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
                     /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
                     v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
                     v12=-v21;
                     v22=v11;
                     tnalp=v21/v11;
                     if(first1==1){
                       first1=0;
                       printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                     }
                     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                     /*printf(fignu*/
                     /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
                     /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
                     if(first==1){
                       first=0;
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
    :<a href=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">\
   %s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                               subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                               subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                               mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
                               mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                     }else{
                       first=0;
                       fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                               mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
                               mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                     }/* if first */
                   } /* age mod 5 */
                 } /* end loop age */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                 first=1;
               } /*l12 */
             } /* k12 */
           } /*l1 */
         }/* k1 */
       } /* loop covariates */
     }
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     fclose(ficresprob);
     fclose(ficresprobcov);
     fclose(ficresprobcor);
     fflush(ficgp);
     fflush(fichtmcov);
   }
   
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
                     int popforecast, int estepm ,\
                     double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
                     double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
     int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><a href='#firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a>\n \
      <li><a href='#secondorder'>Result files (second order (variance)</a>\n \
   </ul>");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4><a name='firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a></h4>\n \
    - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n ",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirf2(fileres,"p"),subdirf2(fileres,"p"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),subdirf2(fileres,"pij"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Period (stable) prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileres,"pl"),subdirf2(fileres,"pl"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age, (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age:  ei., eij . If one or more covariate are included, specific tables for each value of the covariate are output in sequences within the same file (estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),subdirf2(fileres,"e"));
   
   
   fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
    m=cptcoveff;
    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
    jj1=0;
    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
        /* Pij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: <a href=\"%s%d1.png\">%s%d1.png</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d1.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1);     
        /* Quasi-incidences */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
    before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: <a href=\"%s%d2.png\">%s%d2.png</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d2.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1); 
          /* Period (stable) prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Period (stable) prevalence in each health state : <a href=\"%s%d%d.png\">%s%d%d.png</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1);
          }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Life expectancy by health state (%d) at initial age and its decomposition into health expectancies : <a href=\"%s%d%d.png\">%s%d%d.png</a> <br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1);
        }
      } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   \n<br><li><h4> <a name='secondorder'>Result files (second order: variances)</a></h4>\n\
    - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n", rfileres,rfileres);
   
    fprintf(fichtm," - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"prob"),subdirf2(fileres,"prob"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"));
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age and <b>initial health status</b> (cov(e<sup>ij</sup>,e<sup>kl</sup>)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"cve"),subdirf2(fileres,"cve"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Health expectancies by health status at initial age (e<sup>ij</sup>) and standard errors (in parentheses) (b) life expectancies and standard errors (e<sup>i.</sup>=e<sup>i1</sup>+e<sup>i2</sup>+...)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"stde"),subdirf2(fileres,"stde"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age. Status (i) based health expectancies (in state j), eij are weighted by the period prevalences in each state i (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences (i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
            estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"v"),subdirf2(fileres,"v"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Total life expectancy and total health expectancies to be spent in each health state e<sup>.j</sup> with their standard errors: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"t"),subdirf2(fileres,"t"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
            subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"));
   
   /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   /*  else  */
   /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
    fflush(fichtm);
    fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
    m=cptcoveff;
    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
    jj1=0;
    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
   prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br>\
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1);  
        }
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
   health expectancies in states (1) and (2): %s%d.png<br>\
   <img src=\"%s%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1);
      } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
    fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
   /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
    /* 1eme*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
      for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
   set ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter png small\n\
   set size 0.65,0.65\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
   
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Period (stable) prevalence\" w l 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        } 
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1); 
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        }  
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",subdirf2(fileres,"p"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
      }
     }
     /*2 eme*/
     
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),k1);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
       
       for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
         k=2*i;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
         else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
         else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
       }
     }
     
     /*3eme*/
     
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         /*       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2); */
         k=2+(nlstate+1)*(cpt-1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\n\
   set size 0.65,0.65\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
         /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           
         */
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);
           /*      fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);*/
           
         } 
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d.\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+nlstate,cpt);
       }
     }
     
     /* CV preval stable (period) */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         k=3;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n\
   unset log y\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
         
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
         
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
         }
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
       } 
     }  
     
     /* proba elementaires */
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) {
           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
             jk++; 
             fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
      }
   
      for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
        for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jk,ng); 
          if (ng==2)
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
          else
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
          i=1;
          for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
            k3=i;
            for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
              if (k != k2){
                if(ng==2)
                  fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                else
                  fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                ij=1;
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                    ij++;
                  }
                  else
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                }
                fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
                
                for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                  ij=1;
                  for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                    if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                      ij++;
                    }
                    else
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                  }
                  fprintf(ficgp,")");
                }
                fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
                if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
                i=i+ncovmodel;
              }
            } /* end k */
          } /* end k2 */
        } /* end jk */
      } /* end ng */
      fflush(ficgp); 
   }  /* end gnuplot */
   
   
   /*************** Moving average **************/
   int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
   
     int i, cpt, cptcod;
     int modcovmax =1;
     int mobilavrange, mob;
     double age;
   
     modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
                              a covariate has 2 modalities */
     if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
   
     if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
       if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
       else mobilavrange=mobilav;
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
         for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
             mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
       /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
          fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
          we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
       */ 
       for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
         for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
           for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                 for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
                   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
                   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
                 }
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
             }
           }
         }/* end age */
       }/* end mob */
     }else return -1;
     return 0;
   }/* End movingaverage */
   
   
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
   prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
     int *popage;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
    
     strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileres);
     if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
   
   /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
             fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
         }
         for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
   
           for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
                 for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
                   fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
                 fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 ppij=0.;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                   if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
                     fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
                   }
                 } /* end i */
                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
                   fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
                 }
               }/* end j */
             } /* end h */
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           } /* end agec */
         } /* end yearp */
       } /* end cptcod */
     } /* end  cptcov */
          
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     fclose(ficresf);
   }
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
     
     int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
     int *popage;
     double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     agelim=AGESUP;
     calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
     
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     
     
     strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     strcat(filerespop,fileres);
     if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     
     agelim=AGESUP;
     
     hstepm=1;
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     
     if (popforecast==1) {
       if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
       } 
       popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
       popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
       popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
       
       i=1;   
       while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
      
       imx=i;
       for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
         if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
         
         for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
                   tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
                     /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
                       if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                 }
               }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
                   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                     kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                   }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
   
               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
    
     /******/
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
               }
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
      } 
     }
    
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficrespop);
   } /* End of popforecast */
   
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   
   
   /**************** function prwizard **********************/
   void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
   
     /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     int i,j, k, l, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     } /* end itimes */
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz(double x[])
   { 
     double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
    
     return -2*L*num/sump;
   }
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtmlmort(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,  double p[],double **matcov,double agemortsup){
     int i,k;
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
     fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
     for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
       fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.png\">");
     fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Life table</h4>\n <br>");
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\nAge   l<inf>x</inf>     q<inf>x</inf> d(x,x+1)    L<inf>x</inf>     T<inf>x</inf>     e<infx</inf><br>");
   
    for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
      fprintf(fichtm,"%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf<br>\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
   
    
     fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplotmort(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
   
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
   
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.png\"\n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set ter png small\n set log y\n"); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
   
   } 
   
   
   
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
     int linei, month, year,iout;
     int jj, ll, li, lj, lk, imk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     int itimes;
     int NDIM=2;
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     char dummy[]="                         ";
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     struct stat info;
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE],model[MAXLINE];
     char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE]; 
     char **bp, *tok, *val; /* pathtot */
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     int agemortsup;
     float  sumlpop=0.;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
     char  *strt, strtend[80];
     char *stratrunc;
     int lstra;
   
     long total_usecs;
    
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
     curr_time=start_time;
     tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tm));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       fgets(pathr,FILENAMELENGTH,stdin);
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(pathr[i-1]=='\n')
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
      for (tok = pathr; tok != NULL; ){
         printf("Pathr |%s|\n",pathr);
         while ((val = strsep(&tok, "\"" )) != NULL && *val == '\0');
         printf("val= |%s| pathr=%s\n",val,pathr);
         strcpy (pathtot, val);
         if(pathr[0] == '\0') break; /* Dirty */
       }
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     /* Split argv[0], imach program to get pathimach */
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s argv[1]=%s, \n",argv[0],argv[1]);
     split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s pathimach=%s, \noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
    /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
     /* Split argv[1]=pathtot, parameter file name to get path, optionfile, extension and name */
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\npathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if(getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
       printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Problem creating directory or it already exists %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
   
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
       exit(0);
     }
     else if(mle==-3) {
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }
     else{
       /* Read guess parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n \
   It might be a problem of design; if ncovcol and the model are correct\n \
   run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       p=param[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%s",str);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
       strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
       strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     linei=0;
     while ((fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL) &&((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs))) {
       linei=linei+1;
       for(j=strlen(line); j>=0;j--){  /* Untabifies line */
         if(line[j] == '\t')
           line[j] = ' ';
       }
       for(j=strlen(line)-1; (line[j]==' ')||(line[j]==10)||(line[j]==13);j--){
         ;
       };
       line[j+1]=0;  /* Trims blanks at end of line */
       if(line[0]=='#'){
         fprintf(ficlog,"Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         printf("Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         continue;
       }
   
       for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         errno=0;
         lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
         /*        if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
         if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
           printf("Error reading data around '%d' at line number %d %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);
           exit(1);
         }
         s[j][i]=lval;
         
         strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
         if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year) != 0){
         }
         else  if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.") != 0){
           month=99;
           year=9999;
         }else{
           printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);
           exit(1);
         }
         anint[j][i]= (double) year; 
         mint[j][i]= (double)month; 
         strcpy(line,stra);
       } /* ENd Waves */
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year) != 0){
       }
       else  if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         exit(1);
       }
       andc[i]=(double) year; 
       moisdc[i]=(double) month; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year) != 0){
       }
       else  if(iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.") != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %ld %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line,j);
         exit(1);
       }
       annais[i]=(double)(year);
       moisnais[i]=(double)(month); 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       errno=0;
       dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
       if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
         printf("Error reading data around '%f' at line number %ld, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         exit(1);
       }
       weight[i]=dval; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         errno=0;
         lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
         if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
           printf("Error reading data around '%d' at line number %ld %s for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covar (meaning 0 for the reference or 1).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);
           exit(1);
         }
         if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
           printf("Error reading data around '%d' at line number %ld for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
           exit(1);
         }
         covar[j][i]=(double)(lval);
         strcpy(line,stra);
       } 
       lstra=strlen(stra);
       
       if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
         stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
         num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
       }
       else
         num[i]=atol(stra);
       /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
         printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
       
       i=i+1;
     } /* End loop reading  data */
     fclose(fic);
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) */
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameters from char model */
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           nberr++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n",\
             optionfilehtmcov,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Parameter file: <a href=\"%s.%s\">%s.%s</a><br>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             optionfilehtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             optionfilefiname,optionfilext,optionfilefiname,optionfilext,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
             imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
   
     if (mle==-3){
       ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
       cens=ivector(1,n);
       ageexmed=vector(1,n);
       agecens=vector(1,n);
       dcwave=ivector(1,n);
    
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         dcwave[i]=-1;
         for (m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++)
           if (s[m][i]>nlstate) {
             dcwave[i]=m;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];
           agecens[i]=1.; 
   
           if (ageexmed[i]> 1 && wav[i] > 0){
             agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
             cens[i]= 1;
           }else if (ageexmed[i]< 1) 
             cens[i]= -1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP && agedc[i]>1 && dcwave[i]>firstpass && dcwave[i]<=lastpass)
             cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
       
       p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083;
       /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
       
       
       printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
       strcpy(filerespow,"pow-mort"); 
       strcat(filerespow,fileres);
       if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       }
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
       /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
           if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       */
       fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
       
       powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, p, NDIM, delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
           printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) 
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
   
       lsurv=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       tpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lsurv[agegomp]=100000;
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<=AGESUP;k++) {
         agemortsup=k;
         if (p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp))>1) break;
       }
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++)
         lsurv[k+1]=lsurv[k]-lsurv[k]*(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)));
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++){
         lpop[k]=(lsurv[k]+lsurv[k+1])/2.;
         sumlpop=sumlpop+lpop[k];
       }
       
       tpop[agegomp]=sumlpop;
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-3);k++){
         /*  tpop[k+1]=2;*/
         tpop[k+1]=tpop[k]-lpop[k];
       }
       
       
       printf("\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)\n");
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
         printf("%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
       
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplotmort(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtmlmort(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
       
       free_vector(lsurv,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(lpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(tpop,1,AGESUP);
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 */
     
     else{ /* For mle >=1 */
     
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
       
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           if (k != i) {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%lf ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%lf ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%lf ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       if(mle!=0){
         /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
         ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
         hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if (j!=i) {
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       if(mle>=1)
         printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
       /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
       /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
       */
       for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
         jj=0;
         for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             if(j==i) continue;
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               jj++;
               ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
               if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       estepm=0;
       fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
       if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
       if (fage <= 2) {
         bage = ageminpar;
         fage = agemaxpar;
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
       fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
       fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       
       dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
       dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
       fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
       
       
       
       /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
       /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplot(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
         
      /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
      /*  chdir(path); */
    
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
       free_lvector(num,1,n);
       free_vector(agedc,1,n);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
   
   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
       strcat(filerespl,fileres);
       if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       pstamp(ficrespl);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"# Period (stable) prevalence \n");
       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
       agebase=ageminpar;
       agelim=agemaxpar;
       ftolpl=1.e-10;
       i1=cptcoveff;
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
           printf("\n#******");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
           printf("******\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
           for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
             for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
       pstamp(ficrespij);
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
           for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
             /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                   fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
               fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
   
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
   
       fclose(ficrespij);
   
       probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=NCOVMAX;j++)
           for(k=1;k<=NCOVMAX;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
   
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
       if(prevfcast==1){
         /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
         /*      }  */
         /*      else{ */
         /*        erreur=108; */
         /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*      } */
       }
     
   
       /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
       strcpy(filerest,"t");
       strcat(filerest,fileres);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
       strcpy(filerese,"e");
       strcat(filerese,fileres);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
       strcpy(fileresstde,"stde");
       strcat(fileresstde,fileres);
       if((ficresstdeij=fopen(fileresstde,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
   
       strcpy(filerescve,"cve");
       strcat(filerescve,fileres);
       if((ficrescveij=fopen(filerescve,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Covar. Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Covar. Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Covar. of Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Covar. of Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
   
       strcpy(fileresv,"v");
       strcat(fileresv,fileres);
       if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
       /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
       prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
           ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       */
   
       if (mobilav!=0) {
         mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
           fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         }
       }
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1; 
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n#****** ");
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficresstdeij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficrescveij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"******\n");
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
           eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, strstart);  
           cvevsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart);  
    
           vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav, strstart);
           if(popbased==1){
             varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav, strstart);
           }
   
           pstamp(ficrest);
           fprintf(ficrest,"# Total life expectancy with std error and decomposition into time to be expected in each health state\n# Age ( e.. (std) ");
           for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
           epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
           for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             if (popbased==1) {
               if(mobilav ==0){
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
               }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
               }
             }
           
             fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
             for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
               for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
                 epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
                 /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
               }
               epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
             }
   
             for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                 vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
             }
             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
         }
       }
       free_vector(weight,1,n);
       free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
       free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
       free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_ivector(cod,1,n);
       free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       fclose(ficreseij);
       fclose(ficresstdeij);
       fclose(ficrescveij);
       fclose(ficresvij);
       fclose(ficrest);
       fclose(ficpar);
     
       /*------- Variance of period (stable) prevalence------*/   
   
       strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
       strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
       if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance of period (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
         exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
           varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k,strstart);
           free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         }
       }
   
       fclose(ficresvpl);
   
       /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
       if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
     free_matrix(prlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
       free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
       /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
       free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
   
       free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
       free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
       free_imatrix(nbcode,0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
       free_imatrix(codtab,1,100,1,10);
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
   
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&tm));
     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
   
     printf("Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
   
      printf("Before Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
      if(chdir(pathcd) != 0)
       printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n",path);
     if(getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0)
       printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     /*strcat(plotcmd,CHARSEPARATOR);*/
     sprintf(plotcmd,"gnuplot");
   #ifndef UNIX
     sprintf(plotcmd,"\"%sgnuplot.exe\"",pathimach);
   #endif
     if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
       printf("Error gnuplot program not found: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       if(!stat(getenv("GNUPLOTBIN"),&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: %s Environment GNUPLOTBIN not set.\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #ifdef UNIX
       strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
       if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #endif
     }else
       strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
     
     sprintf(plotcmd,"%s %s",pplotcmd, optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
   
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf("\n Problem with gnuplot\n");
     }
     printf(" Wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') {
         printf("Starting browser with: %s",optionfilehtm);fflush(stdout);
         system(optionfilehtm);
       }
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
   }
   
   
   

Removed from v.1.21  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.124


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