Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.21 and 1.98

version 1.21, 2002/02/21 18:42:24 version 1.98, 2004/05/16 15:05:56
Line 1 Line 1
      /* $Id$
 /*********************** Imach **************************************            $State$
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from cross-longitudinal    $Log$
   data. Cross-longitudinal consist in a first survey ("cross") where    Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
   individuals from different ages are interviewed on their health status    New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
   or degree of  disability. At least a second wave of interviews    directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
   ("longitudinal") should  measure each new individual health status.    state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
   Health expectancies are computed from the transistions observed between    This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
   waves and are computed for each degree of severity of disability (number    other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
   of life states). More degrees you consider, more time is necessary to    cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
   reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.    from other sources like vital statistic data.
   The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is  
   the probabibility to be observed in state j at the second wave conditional    The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
   to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore the model is:  
   log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex'    Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
   is a covariate. If you want to have a more complex model than "constant and    former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
   age", you should modify the program where the markup  
     *Covariates have to be included here again* invites you to do it.    The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
   More covariates you add, less is the speed of the convergence.    the slope with 95% confident intervals.
   
   The advantage that this computer programme claims, comes from that if the    Current limitations:
   delay between waves is not identical for each individual, or if some    A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
   individual missed an interview, the information is not rounded or lost, but    model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
   taken into account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
   hPijx is the probability to be  
   observed in state i at age x+h conditional to the observed state i at age    Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
   x. The delay 'h' can be split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of    Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
   unobserved intermediate  states. This elementary transition (by month or    suppressed.
   quarter trimester, semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  
   The hPx matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply hPijx.    * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
     rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also  
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
      * imach.c (Repository):
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action  
   from the European Union.    Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    Just cleaning
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version  
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
   **********************************************************************/    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
      exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
 #include <math.h>    (Module): Version 0.96b
 #include <stdio.h>  
 #include <stdlib.h>    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
 #include <unistd.h>    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
     exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
 #define MAXLINE 256  
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
 /*#define DEBUG*/    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
 #define windows    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */    is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
     concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */  
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */    Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
     (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */    of the covariance matrix to be input.
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */  
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
 #define MAXN 20000    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
 #define AGESUP 130    of the covariance matrix to be input.
 #define AGEBASE 40  
     Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
 int erreur; /* Error number */  
 int nvar;    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;    Version 0.96
 int npar=NPARMAX;  
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
 int ncovmodel, ncov;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    routine fileappend.
 int popbased=0;  
     Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
 int mle, weightopt;    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    interview.
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf;    truncation)
 FILE *ficgp, *fichtm,*ficresprob,*ficpop;    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
 FILE *ficreseij;  
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
  FILE  *ficresvij;    * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
  FILE  *ficresvpl;    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];    parcimony.
     Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
 #define NR_END 1  
 #define FREE_ARG char*    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10    *** empty log message ***
   
 #define NRANSI    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
 #define ITMAX 200    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
   
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  */
   /*
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660     Interpolated Markov Chain
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);    Short summary of the programme:
     
 #define GOLD 1.618034    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
 #define GLIMIT 100.0    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
 #define TINY 1.0e-20    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
     interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
      computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
     simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
 static double sqrarg;    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
     'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
 int imx;    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
 int stepm;    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
     convergence.
 int m,nb;  
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
 double dateintmean=0;    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
     account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
 double *weight;  
 int **s; /* Status */    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
     states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
     and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
 /**************** split *************************/    hPijx.
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name )  
 {    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
    char *s;                             /* pointer */    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */    
     Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
    s = strrchr( path, '\\' );           /* find last / */    from the European Union.
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
       extern char       *getwd( );    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
   
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
 #else    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
       extern char       *getcwd( );    
     **********************************************************************/
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  /*
 #endif    main
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );    read parameterfile
       }    read datafile
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */    concatwav
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */    freqsummary
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */    if (mle >= 1)
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */      mlikeli
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    print results files
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */    if mle==1 
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */       computes hessian
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
    }        begin-prev-date,...
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */    open gnuplot file
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    open html file
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */    stable prevalence
 }     for age prevalim()
     h Pij x
     variance of p varprob
 /******************************************/    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
     health expectancies
 void replace(char *s, char*t)    Variance-covariance of DFLE
 {    prevalence()
   int i;     movingaverage()
   int lg=20;    varevsij() 
   i=0;    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
   lg=strlen(t);    total life expectancies
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    Variance of stable prevalence
     (s[i] = t[i]);   end
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  */
   }  
 }  
   
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)   
 {  #include <math.h>
   int i,j=0;  #include <stdio.h>
   int lg=20;  #include <stdlib.h>
   i=0;  #include <unistd.h>
   lg=strlen(s);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  #include <sys/time.h>
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;  #include <time.h>
   }  #include "timeval.h"
   return j;  
 }  /* #include <libintl.h> */
   /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  
 {  #define MAXLINE 256
   int i,lg,j,p=0;  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
   i=0;  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  /*#define DEBUG*/
   }  /*#define windows*/
   #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
   lg=strlen(t);  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  
     (u[j] = t[j]);  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
   }  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
      u[p]='\0';  
   #define NINTERVMAX 8
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
   }  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
 }  #define MAXN 20000
   #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  #define AGESUP 130
   #define AGEBASE 40
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  #define AGEGOMP 10. /* Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
 {  #ifdef unix
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
   exit(1);  #else
 }  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 /*********************** vector *******************/  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)  #endif
 {  
   double *v;  /* $Id$ */
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  /* $State$ */
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");  
   return v-nl+NR_END;  char version[]="Imach version 0.70, May 2004, INED-EUROREVES ";
 }  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
   int erreur, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
 /************************ free vector ******************/  int nvar;
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
 {  int npar=NPARMAX;
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
 }  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
   int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 /************************ivector *******************************/  int popbased=0;
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)  
 {  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
   int *v;  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");  int gipmx, gsw; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
   return v-nl+NR_END;                     to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
 }  int mle, weightopt;
   int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
 /******************free ivector **************************/  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
 {             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
 }  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
   double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */
 {  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;  long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */
   int **m;  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
    char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
   /* allocate pointers to rows */  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  FILE *ficresilk;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
   m += NR_END;  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
   m -= nrl;  FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
    FILE *ficreseij;
    char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */  FILE  *ficresvij;
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  FILE  *ficresvpl;
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  char title[MAXLINE];
    char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
    char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
   return m;  int  outcmd=0;
 }  
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/  
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
       int **m;  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));  
 }  struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
   struct timezone tzp;
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  extern int gettimeofday();
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  struct tm tmg, tm, tmf, *gmtime(), *localtime();
 {  long time_value;
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;  extern long time();
   double **m;  char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
   
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  #define NR_END 1
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  #define FREE_ARG char*
   m += NR_END;  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
   m -= nrl;  
   #define NRANSI 
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  #define ITMAX 200 
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  
   #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
   return m;  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 }  
   #define GOLD 1.618034 
 /*************************free matrix ************************/  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 }  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
     
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
 {  
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  static double sqrarg;
   double ***m;  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
   #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;  int imx; 
   m -= nrl;  int stepm=1;
   /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  int estepm;
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  
   int m,nb;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  long *num;
   int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage,*cens;
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  double **pmmij, ***probs;
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  double *ageexmed,*agecens;
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  double dateintmean=0;
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;  double *weight;
    int **s; /* Status */
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
   }  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
   return m;  
 }  /**************** split *************************/
   static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  {
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
 {    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
 }    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
     if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
 /***************** f1dim *************************/      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
 extern int ncom;        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;      /* get current working directory */
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
        if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
 double f1dim(double x)        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
 {      }
   int j;      strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
   double f;    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
   double *xt;      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
        l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
   xt=vector(1,ncom);      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
   return f;    }
 }    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
     /*#ifdef windows
 /*****************brent *************************/    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  #else
 {    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   int iter;  #endif
   double a,b,d,etemp;    */
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
   double ftemp;    ss++;
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */
   double e=0.0;    l1= strlen( name);
      l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    finame[l1-l2]= 0;
   x=w=v=bx;    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  }
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {  
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  /******************************************/
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/  
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
 #ifdef DEBUG  {
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    int i;
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */    int lg=0;
 #endif    i=0;
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    lg=strlen(t);
       *xmin=x;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
       return fx;      (s[i] = t[i]);
     }      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
     ftemp=fu;    }
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {  }
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);  
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;  {
       q=2.0*(q-r);    int i,j=0;
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;    int lg=20;
       q=fabs(q);    i=0;
       etemp=e;    lg=strlen(s);
       e=d;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    }
       else {    return j;
         d=p/q;  }
         u=x+d;  
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);  {
       }    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
     } else {       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
     }    int i,lg,j,p=0;
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));    i=0;
     fu=(*f)(u);    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
     if (fu <= fx) {      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;    }
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)    lg=strlen(t);
         } else {    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;      (u[j] = t[j]);
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {    }
             v=w;       u[p]='\0';
             w=u;  
             fv=fw;     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
             fw=fu;      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {    }
             v=u;  }
             fv=fu;  
           }  /********************** nrerror ********************/
         }  
   }  void nrerror(char error_text[])
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");  {
   *xmin=x;    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
   return fx;    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
 }    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  /*********************** vector *******************/
   double *vector(int nl, int nh)
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  {
             double (*func)(double))    double *v;
 {    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
   double fu;    return v-nl+NR_END;
    }
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);  
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  /************************ free vector ******************/
   if (*fb > *fa) {  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)  {
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
       }  }
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);  
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);  /************************ivector *******************************/
   while (*fb > *fc) {  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);  {
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);    int *v;
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);    return v-nl+NR_END;
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {  }
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {  /******************free ivector **************************/
       fu=(*func)(u);  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
       if (fu < *fc) {  {
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))  }
           }  
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {  /************************lvector *******************************/
       u=ulim;  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
       fu=(*func)(u);  {
     } else {    long *v;
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
       fu=(*func)(u);    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     }    return v-nl+NR_END;
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)  }
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)  
       }  /******************free lvector **************************/
 }  void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
   {
 /*************** linmin ************************/    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   }
 int ncom;  
 double *pcom,*xicom;  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
         /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))  { 
 {    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,    int **m; 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    
   double f1dim(double x);    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
   int j;    m += NR_END; 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;    m -= nrl; 
   double fx,fb,fa;    
      
   ncom=n;    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
   pcom=vector(1,n);    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
   xicom=vector(1,n);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
   nrfunc=func;    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
     pcom[j]=p[j];    
     xicom[j]=xi[j];    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
   }    
   ax=0.0;    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
   xx=1.0;    return m; 
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  } 
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);  
 #ifdef DEBUG  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
 #endif        int **m;
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
     xi[j] *= xmin;       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
     p[j] += xi[j];  { 
   }    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);  } 
 }  
   /******************* matrix *******************************/
 /*************** powell ************************/  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,  {
             double (*func)(double []))    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
 {    double **m;
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,  
               double (*func)(double []));    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   int i,ibig,j;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;    m += NR_END;
   double fp,fptt;    m -= nrl;
   double *xits;  
   pt=vector(1,n);    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   ptt=vector(1,n);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   xit=vector(1,n);    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   xits=vector(1,n);    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   *fret=(*func)(p);  
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    return m;
     fp=(*fret);    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
     ibig=0;     */
     del=0.0;  }
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);  
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)  /*************************free matrix ************************/
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     printf("\n");  {
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       fptt=(*fret);  }
 #ifdef DEBUG  
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
 #endif  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);  {
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {    double ***m;
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));  
         ibig=i;    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       }    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
 #ifdef DEBUG    m += NR_END;
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    m -= nrl;
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
       }    m[nrl] += NR_END;
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    m[nrl] -= ncl;
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);  
       printf("\n");    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
 #endif  
     }    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
 #ifdef DEBUG    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
       int k[2],l;    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
       k[0]=1;    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       k[1]=-1;      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
       printf("\n");      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    }
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];    return m; 
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
         }             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    */
       }  }
 #endif  
   /*************************free ma3x ************************/
   void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
       free_vector(xit,1,n);  {
       free_vector(xits,1,n);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       free_vector(pt,1,n);    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       return;  }
     }  
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");  /*************** function subdirf ***********/
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  char *subdirf(char fileres[])
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];  {
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
       pt[j]=p[j];    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     }    strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     if (fptt < fp) {    return tmpout;
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);  }
       if (t < 0.0) {  
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];  {
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];    
         }    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
 #ifdef DEBUG    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    strcat(tmpout,"/");
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    strcat(tmpout,preop);
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
         printf("\n");    return tmpout;
 #endif  }
       }  
     }  /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
   }  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
 }  {
     
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    strcat(tmpout,"/");
 {    strcat(tmpout,preop);
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     return tmpout;
   int i, ii,j,k;  }
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;  
   double **matprod2();  /***************** f1dim *************************/
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();  extern int ncom; 
   double **newm;  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
    
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)  double f1dim(double x) 
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  { 
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    int j; 
     }    double f;
     double *xt; 
    cov[1]=1.;   
      xt=vector(1,ncom); 
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
     newm=savm;    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */    return f; 
      cov[2]=agefin;  } 
    
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {  /*****************brent *************************/
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
         /*printf("ij=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf\n",ij, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k]);*/  { 
       }    int iter; 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)    double a,b,d,etemp;
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    double ftemp;
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
     double e=0.0; 
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/   
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
     b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);    x=w=v=bx; 
     fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
     savm=oldm;    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
     oldm=newm;      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
     maxmax=0.;      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
       min=1.;      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
       max=0.;      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {  #ifdef DEBUG
         sumnew=0;      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);  #endif
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
       }        *xmin=x; 
       maxmin=max-min;        return fx; 
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);      } 
     }      ftemp=fu;
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
       return prlim;        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
     }        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
   }        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
 }        q=2.0*(q-r); 
         if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/        q=fabs(q); 
         etemp=e; 
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )        e=d; 
 {        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
   double s1, s2;          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   /*double t34;*/        else { 
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;          d=p/q; 
           u=x+d; 
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){        } 
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/      } else { 
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/      } 
       }      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
       ps[i][j]=s2;      fu=(*f)(u); 
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/      if (fu <= fx) { 
     }        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];          } else { 
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
       }            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
       ps[i][j]=(s2);              v=w; 
     }              w=u; 
   }              fv=fw; 
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/              fw=fu; 
             } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){              v=u; 
      s1=0;              fv=fu; 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)            } 
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);          } 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    } 
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);    *xmin=x; 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    return fx; 
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];  } 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)  
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */  
   } /* end i */  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
               double (*func)(double)) 
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  { 
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
       ps[ii][jj]=0;    double fu; 
       ps[ii][ii]=1;   
     }    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
   }    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
     if (*fb > *fa) { 
       SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){        } 
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
    }    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
     printf("\n ");    while (*fb > *fc) { 
     }      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
 /*      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
   goto end;*/      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
     return ps;      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
 }        fu=(*func)(u); 
       } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/        fu=(*func)(u); 
         if (fu < *fc) { 
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
 {            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times            } 
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized        u=ulim; 
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns        fu=(*func)(u); 
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */      } else { 
   long i, j, k;        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)        fu=(*func)(u); 
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)      } 
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
         } 
   return out;  } 
 }  
   /*************** linmin ************************/
   
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/  int ncom; 
   double *pcom,*xicom;
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
 {   
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
      duration (i.e. until  { 
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).    double f1dim(double x); 
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
      included manually here.                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
     int j; 
      */    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
     double fx,fb,fa;
   int i, j, d, h, k;   
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];    ncom=n; 
   double **newm;    pcom=vector(1,n); 
     xicom=vector(1,n); 
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    nrfunc=func; 
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    } 
     }    ax=0.0; 
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    xx=1.0; 
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
       newm=savm;  #ifdef DEBUG
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
       cov[1]=1.;    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;  #endif
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)      xi[j] *= xmin; 
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];      p[j] += xi[j]; 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    } 
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
     free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
   } 
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/  
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/  char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  {
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
       savm=oldm;    days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
       oldm=newm;    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
     }    hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    minutes = (sec_left) /60;
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];    sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);    sprintf(ascdiff,"%d day(s) %d hour(s) %d minute(s) %d second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
          */    return ascdiff;
       }  }
   } /* end h */  
   return po;  /*************** powell ************************/
 }  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
               double (*func)(double [])) 
   { 
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
 double func( double *x)                double (*func)(double [])); 
 {    int i,ibig,j; 
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];    double fp,fptt;
   double **out;    double *xits;
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */    int niterf, itmp;
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */  
   long ipmx;    pt=vector(1,n); 
   /*extern weight */    ptt=vector(1,n); 
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */    xit=vector(1,n); 
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/    xits=vector(1,n); 
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)    *fret=(*func)(p); 
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
   */    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
   cov[1]=1.;      fp=(*fret); 
       ibig=0; 
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;      del=0.0; 
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){      last_time=curr_time;
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];      (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp);
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);fflush(stdout);
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)      /*    fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){      */
         newm=savm;     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
         }      }
              printf("\n");
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
         savm=oldm;      if(*iter <=3){
         oldm=newm;        tm = *localtime(&curr_time.tv_sec);
                strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tmf));
          /*       asctime_r(&tm,strcurr); */
       } /* end mult */        forecast_time=curr_time;
              itmp = strlen(strcurr);
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);        if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/          strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
       ipmx +=1;        printf("\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
       sw += weight[i];        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;        for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
     } /* end of wave */          forecast_time.tv_sec=curr_time.tv_sec+(niterf-*iter)*(curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
   } /* end of individual */          tmf = *localtime(&forecast_time.tv_sec);
   /*      asctime_r(&tmf,strfor); */
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];          strcpy(strfor,asctime(&tmf));
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */          itmp = strlen(strfor);
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */          if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
   return -l;          strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
 }          printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s or\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
           fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s or\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
         }
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/      }
       for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
 {        fptt=(*fret); 
   int i,j, iter;  #ifdef DEBUG
   double **xi,*delti;        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
   double fret;        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  #endif
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
   printf("Powell\n");        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
           ibig=i; 
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));        } 
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
 }        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
 {          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;        }
   double **hess;        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   int i, j,jk;          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
   int *indx;          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
         }
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);        printf("\n");
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;  #endif
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;      } 
       if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  #ifdef DEBUG
         int k[2],l;
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");        k[0]=1;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){        k[1]=-1;
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
   }          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
          }
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {        printf("\n");
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       if (j>i) {        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];                printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
       }          }
     }          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   }          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   printf("\n");        }
   #endif
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  
    
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
   x=vector(1,npar);        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
   indx=ivector(1,npar);        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        return; 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];      } 
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
     x[j]=1;        pt[j]=p[j]; 
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);      } 
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];      if (fptt < fp) { 
     }        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
   }        if (t < 0.0) { 
           linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);          }
     }  #ifdef DEBUG
     printf("\n");          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   }          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
           for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
   /* Recompute Inverse */            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];          }
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);          printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");  #endif
         }
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {      } 
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    } 
     x[j]=1;  } 
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
       y[i][j]=x[i];  
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
     }  {
     printf("\n");    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
   }       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
   */  
     int i, ii,j,k;
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);    double **matprod2();
   free_vector(x,1,npar);    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);    double **newm;
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
   
     for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
 }      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/      }
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])  
 {     cov[1]=1.;
   int i;   
   int l=1, lmax=20;   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   double k1,k2;    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];      newm=savm;
   double res;      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;       cov[2]=agefin;
   double fx;    
   int k=0,kmax=10;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
   double l1;          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
           /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
   fx=func(x);        }
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
     l1=pow(10,l);          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
     delts=delt;  
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
       delt = delta*(l1*k);        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
       k1=func(p2)-fx;      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;  
       k2=func(p2)-fx;      savm=oldm;
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */      oldm=newm;
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */      maxmax=0.;
            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
 #ifdef DEBUG        min=1.;
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);        max=0.;
 #endif        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */          sumnew=0;
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
         k=kmax;          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
       }          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;        }
       }        maxmin=max-min;
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
         delts=delt;      }
       }      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
     }        return prlim;
   }      }
   delti[theta]=delts;    }
   return res;  }
    
 }  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
 {  {
   int i;    double s1, s2;
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;    /*double t34;*/
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  
   int k;      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j<i;j++){
   fx=func(x);        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {          /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;        }
     k1=func(p2)-fx;        ps[i][j]=s2;
          /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;      }
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     k2=func(p2)-fx;        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;          /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;        }
     k3=func(p2)-fx;        ps[i][j]=s2;
        }
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;    }
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
     k4=func(p2)-fx;  
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
 #ifdef DEBUG       s1=0;
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
 #endif        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
   }      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   return res;        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
 }      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
       for(j=1; j<i; j++)
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
 {        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   int i,imax,j,k;      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
   double big,dum,sum,temp;    } /* end i */
   double *vv;  
      for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   vv=vector(1,n);      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   *d=1.0;        ps[ii][jj]=0;
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {        ps[ii][ii]=1;
     big=0.0;      }
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)    }
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;  
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");  
     vv[i]=1.0/big;    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   }      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {     }
       sum=a[i][j];      printf("\n ");
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];      }
       a[i][j]=sum;      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
     }  /*
     big=0.0;    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {    goto end;*/
       sum=a[i][j];      return ps;
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)  }
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  
       a[i][j]=sum;  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {  
         big=dum;  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
         imax=i;  {
       }    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
     }       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
     if (j != imax) {    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
         dum=a[imax][k];       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];    long i, j, k;
         a[j][k]=dum;    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
       }      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
       *d = -(*d);        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
       vv[imax]=vv[j];          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
     }  
     indx[j]=imax;    return out;
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;  }
     if (j != n) {  
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);  
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
     }  
   }  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */  {
 ;    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
 }       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
        age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
 {       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
   double sum;       for the memory).
         Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {       included manually here. 
     ip=indx[i];  
     sum=b[ip];       */
     b[ip]=b[i];  
     if (ii)    int i, j, d, h, k;
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
     else if (sum) ii=i;    double **newm;
     b[i]=sum;  
   }    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
     sum=b[i];      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   }      }
 }    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
 /************ Frequencies ********************/      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2)        newm=savm;
 {  /* Some frequencies */        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
          cov[1]=1.;
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
   double *pp;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   FILE *ficresp;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);        savm=oldm;
     exit(0);        oldm=newm;
   }      }
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
   j1=0;        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
           po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
   j=cptcoveff;          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}           */
         }
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){    } /* end h */
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    return po;
        j1++;  }
        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);  
          scanf("%d", i);*/  
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    /*************** log-likelihood *************/
          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    double func( double *x)
            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)  {
              freq[i][jk][m]=0;    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
     double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
         dateintsum=0;    double **out;
         k2cpt=0;    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
          bool=1;    int s1, s2;
          if  (cptcovn>0) {    double bbh, survp;
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)    long ipmx;
              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])    /*extern weight */
                bool=0;    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
          }    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
          if (bool==1) {    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);    */
              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {    cov[1]=1.;
                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;  
                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];    if(mle==1){
                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
                  k2cpt++;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
                }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
             for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
              }              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
            }              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
          }            }
        }          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
         if  (cptcovn>0) {            newm=savm;
          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
        fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         }            }
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");            savm=oldm;
                    oldm=newm;
   for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){          } /* end mult */
     if(i==(int)agemax+3)        
       printf("Total");          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     else          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
       printf("Age %d", i);           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
       for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
     }           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
       for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
         pos += freq[jk][m][i];           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
       if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
       else           */
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
     }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
      for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          /* bias is positive if real duration
       for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];           */
      }          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
           if( s2 > nlstate){ 
     for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known then the contribution
       pos += pp[jk];               to the likelihood is the probability to die between last step unit time and current 
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){               step unit time, which is also the differences between probability to die before dh 
       if(pos>=1.e-5)               and probability to die before dh-stepm . 
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
       else          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
       if( i <= (int) agemax){          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
         if(pos>=1.e-5){          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
           fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);          (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
           probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;          introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
           /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
         }          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
       else          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
           fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);          and month of death but the probability to survive from last
       }          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
     }          probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
         if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
     if(i <= (int) agemax)          lower mortality.
       fprintf(ficresp,"\n");            */
     printf("\n");            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
     }          }else{
     }            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
  }            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;          } 
            /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
   fclose(ficresp);          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);          ipmx +=1;
           sw += weight[i];
   /* End of Freq */          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
 }        } /* end of wave */
       } /* end of individual */
 /************ Prevalence ********************/    }  else if(mle==2){
 void prevalence(int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
 {  /* Some frequencies */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
          for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double *pp;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double pos, k2;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             }
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);            newm=savm;
              cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   j1=0;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
              }
   j=cptcoveff;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
              savm=oldm;
  for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){            oldm=newm;
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){          } /* end mult */
       j1++;        
            s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)            s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)            bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;          ipmx +=1;
                sw += weight[i];
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         bool=1;        } /* end of wave */
         if  (cptcovn>0) {      } /* end of individual */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
               bool=0;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         }        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         if (bool==1) {          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;            }
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];            newm=savm;
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3+1)] += weight[i];              cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             }            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
           }              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         }            }
       }            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                               1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){            savm=oldm;
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            oldm=newm;
             for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)          } /* end mult */
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];        
           }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
         }          ipmx +=1;
                  sw += weight[i];
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)        } /* end of wave */
              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];      } /* end of individual */
          }    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
                for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){                    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
            if( i <= (int) agemax){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
              if(pos>=1.e-5){              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
              }            }
            }          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
          }            newm=savm;
                      cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
         }            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     }              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   }            }
            
              out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);            savm=oldm;
              oldm=newm;
 }  /* End of Freq */          } /* end mult */
         
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
 {            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.          }else{
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i          }
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]          ipmx +=1;
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.          sw += weight[i];
      */          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   int i, mi, m;        } /* end of wave */
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;      } /* end of individual */
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/    }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
       for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   double sum=0.;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   jmin=1e+5;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   jmax=-1;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   jmean=0.;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     mi=0;            }
     m=firstpass;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){            newm=savm;
       if(s[m][i]>=1)            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
         mw[++mi][i]=m;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       if(m >=lastpass)              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         break;            }
       else          
         m++;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
     }/* end while */                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){            savm=oldm;
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */            oldm=newm;
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */          } /* end mult */
          /* Only death is a correct wave */        
       mw[mi][i]=m;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
     }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
     wav[i]=mi;          ipmx +=1;
     if(mi==0)          sw += weight[i];
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   }          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
         } /* end of wave */
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){      } /* end of individual */
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){    } /* End of if */
       if (stepm <=0)    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
         dh[mi][i]=1;    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
       else{    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {    return -l;
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {  }
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);  
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
           k=k+1;  double funcone( double *x)
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;  {
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;    /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
           sum=sum+j;    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
           /* if (j<10) printf("j=%d num=%d ",j,i); */    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
           }    double **out;
         }    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
         else{    double llt;
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));    int s1, s2;
           k=k+1;    double bbh, survp;
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    /*extern weight */
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
           /*   if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
           sum=sum+j;    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
         }      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
         jk= j/stepm;    */
         jl= j -jk*stepm;    cov[1]=1.;
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;  
         if(jl <= -ju)    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
           dh[mi][i]=jk;  
         else    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       }          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     }            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   }            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   jmean=sum/k;          }
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
  }          newm=savm;
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/          cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
 {            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;          }
   int cptcode=0;          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   cptcoveff=0;                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
            savm=oldm;
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;          oldm=newm;
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;        } /* end mult */
         
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
       Ndum[ij]++;        /* bias is positive if real duration
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;         */
     }        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
           lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {        } else if (mle==1){
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
     }        } else if(mle==2){
     ij=1;          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
         } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
           lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {        } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
           ij++;        } /* End of if */
         }        ipmx +=1;
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;        sw += weight[i];
       }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     }  /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   }          if(globpr){
           fprintf(ficresilk,"%9d %6d %1d %1d %1d %1d %3d %10.6f %6.4f\
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;   %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f ", \
                   num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
       ij=Tvar[i];          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
       Ndum[ij]++;            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
     }            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
           }
  ij=1;          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {        }
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncov)){      } /* end of wave */
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;    } /* end of individual */
      ij++;    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
    }    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
  }    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
      if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
     cptcoveff=ij-1;      gipmx=ipmx;
 }      gsw=sw;
     }
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/    return -l;
   }
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij)  
 {  
   /* Health expectancies */  /*************** function likelione ***********/
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
   double age, agelim,hf;  {
   double ***p3mat;    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
         the selection of individuals/waves and
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");       to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");       Plotting could be done.
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)     */
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    int k;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d",i,j);  
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
       strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /*  Every j years of age (in month) */      strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
   agelim=AGESUP;        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      }
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight 2wlli out sav ");
     /* Typically if 20 years = 20*12/6=40 stepm */      /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically 40/4=10 */        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored    }
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */  
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);      *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
     if(*globpri !=0){
       fclose(ficresilk);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      fflush(fichtm); 
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    } 
           eij[i][j][(int)age] +=p3mat[i][j][h];    return;
         }  }
      
     hf=1;  
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%.0f",age );  
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){  {
         fprintf(ficreseij," %.4f", hf*eij[i][j][(int)age]);    int i,j, iter;
       }    double **xi;
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    double fret;
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   }    /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
 }    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
 /************ Variance ******************/      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 {    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   /* Variance of health expectancies */    strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
   double **newm;    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
   double **dnewm,**doldm;      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
   int k, cptcode;    }
   double *xp;    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
   double **gp, **gm;    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   double ***p3mat;        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
   double age,agelim;    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   int theta;  
     powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");  
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");    fclose(ficrespow);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");  
   }
   xp=vector(1,npar);  
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
    {
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    double **hess;
   agelim = AGESUP;    int i, j,jk;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    int *indx;
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);    double gompertz(double p[]);
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
       }      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);     
        hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
       if (popbased==1) {      
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];          printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
       }    }
          
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)        if (j>i) { 
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
         }          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
       }          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j,func,npar);
              
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          }
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      }
     }
       if (popbased==1) {    printf("\n");
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  
       }    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];    x=vector(1,npar);
         }    indx=ivector(1,npar);
       }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
       for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
         }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     } /* End theta */      x[j]=1;
       lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         matcov[i][j]=x[i];
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)      }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    }
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){      }
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      printf("\n");
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    }
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)  
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j];    /* Recompute Inverse */
       }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
     h=1;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
     if (stepm >= YEARM) h=stepm/YEARM;  
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", h*vareij[i][j][(int)age]);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
       }      x[j]=1;
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        y[i][j]=x[i];
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      }
   } /* End age */      printf("\n");
        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    }
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    */
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
     free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
 }    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(x,1,npar);
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
 {  
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */  
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/  }
   double **newm;  
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;  double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
   int k, cptcode;  {
   double *xp;    int i;
   double *gp, *gm;    int l=1, lmax=20;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    double k1,k2;
   double age,agelim;    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   int theta;    double res;
        double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");    double fx;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");    int k=0,kmax=10;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double l1;
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);  
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    fx=func(x);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   xp=vector(1,npar);    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      l1=pow(10,l);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      delts=delt;
        for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */        delt = delta*(l1*k);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
   agelim = AGESUP;        k1=func(p2)-fx;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        k2=func(p2)-fx;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);        
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);  #ifdef DEBUG
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){  #endif
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
       }          k=kmax;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
            }
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          delts=delt;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      }
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];    }
     delti[theta]=delts;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    return res; 
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];    
     } /* End theta */  }
   
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
   {
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    int i;
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
     double p2[NPARMAX+1];
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    int k;
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;  
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    fx=func(x);
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );      k1=func(p2)-fx;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);      k2=func(p2)-fx;
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);    
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
   } /* End age */      k3=func(p2)-fx;
     
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      k4=func(p2)-fx;
       res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
 }  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
 void varprob(char fileres[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij)  #endif
 {    }
   int i, j;    return res;
   int k=0, cptcode;  }
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  
   double *xp;  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
   double *gp, *gm;  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
   double **gradg, **trgradg;  { 
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];    int i,imax,j,k; 
   int theta;    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];    double *vv; 
    
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");    vv=vector(1,n); 
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);    *d=1.0; 
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);      big=0.0; 
   }      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
   printf("Computing variance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
        if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
       vv[i]=1.0/big; 
   xp=vector(1,npar);    } 
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
          sum=a[i][j]; 
   cov[1]=1;        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){        a[i][j]=sum; 
     cov[2]=age;      } 
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,9);      big=0.0; 
     trgradg=matrix(1,9,1,npar);      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
     gp=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        sum=a[i][j]; 
     gm=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
              sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        a[i][j]=sum; 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          big=dum; 
                imax=i; 
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);        } 
          } 
       k=0;      if (j != imax) { 
       for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath); i++){        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){          dum=a[imax][k]; 
            k=k+1;          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
           gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];          a[j][k]=dum; 
         }        } 
       }        *d = -(*d); 
         vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)      } 
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      indx[j]=imax; 
          if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
       if (j != n) { 
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
       k=0;        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
       for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){      } 
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    } 
           k=k+1;    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
           gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];  ;
         }  } 
       }  
        void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
        for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)  { 
            gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];      int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
     }    double sum; 
    
      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      ip=indx[i]; 
       trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];      sum=b[ip]; 
        b[ip]=b[i]; 
      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,9,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      if (ii) 
      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,9,1,npar,1,9,gradg);        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       else if (sum) ii=i; 
      pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);      b[i]=sum; 
     } 
      k=0;    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
      for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){      sum=b[i]; 
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
          k=k+1;      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
          gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];    } 
         }  } 
      }  
        /************ Frequencies ********************/
      /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint)
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){  {  /* Some frequencies */
            
     int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));    int first;
      }*/    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     double *pp, **prop;
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);    double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
     FILE *ficresp;
   for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
     if (i== 2) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);    
 if (i== 4) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
   }    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
     strcpy(fileresp,"p");
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
 }      exit(0);
  free_vector(xp,1,npar);    }
 fclose(ficresprob);    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
  exit(0);    j1=0;
 }    
     j=cptcoveff;
 /***********************************************/    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
 /**************** Main Program *****************/  
 /***********************************************/    first=1;
   
 /*int main(int argc, char *argv[])*/    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
 int main()      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
 {        j1++;
         /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;          scanf("%d", i);*/
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
   double agemin=1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
             for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   double fret;              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
   double **xi,tmp,delta;  
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   double ***p3mat;          prop[i][m]=0;
   int *indx;        
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];        dateintsum=0;
   char title[MAXLINE];        k2cpt=0;
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];          bool=1;
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];          if  (cptcovn>0) {
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];                bool=0;
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;          }
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */          if (bool==1){
   int c,  h , cpt,l;            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
   int ju,jl, mi;              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;              /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
   int hstepm, nhstepm;                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   int *popage;/*boolprev=0 if date and zero if wave*/                if (m<lastpass) {
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2;                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;                }
   double ftolpl=FTOL;                
   double **prlim;                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
   double *severity;                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */                  k2cpt++;
   double  *p;                }
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */                /*}*/
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */            }
   double *delti; /* Scale */          }
   double ***eij, ***vareij;        }
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */         
   double *epj, vepp;        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
   double kk1, kk2;  
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;        if  (cptcovn>0) {
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean, calagedate;          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
   double yp,yp1,yp2;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
   char version[80]="Imach version 64b, May 2001, INED-EUROREVES ";        }
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
           fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
   char z[1]="c", occ;        
 #include <sys/time.h>        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
 #include <time.h>          if(i==iagemax+3){
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
            }else{
   /* long total_usecs;            if(first==1){
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;              first=0;
                printf("See log file for details...\n");
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */            }
             fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
           }
   printf("\nIMACH, Version 0.7");          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
 #ifdef windows          }
   scanf("%s",pathtot);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   getcwd(pathcd, size);            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/              if(first==1){
               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
 split(pathtot, path,optionfile);              }
   chdir(path);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
   replace(pathc,path);            }else{
 #endif              if(first==1)
 #ifdef unix                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   scanf("%s",optionfile);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
 #endif            }
           }
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/  
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   strcpy(fileres,"r");            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
   strcat(fileres, optionfile);              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
           }       
   /*---------arguments file --------*/          for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             pos += pp[jk];
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {            posprop += prop[jk][i];
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);          }
     goto end;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   }            if(pos>=1.e-5){
               if(first==1)
   strcpy(filereso,"o");                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
   strcat(filereso,fileres);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {            }else{
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;              if(first==1)
   }                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */            }
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            if( i <= iagemax){
     ungetc(c,ficpar);              if(pos>=1.e-5){
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
     puts(line);                /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
     fputs(line,ficparo);                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
   }              }
   ungetc(c,ficpar);              else
                 fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncov, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);            }
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);          }
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncov,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);          
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
     ungetc(c,ficpar);            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
     puts(line);              if(first==1)
     fputs(line,ficparo);                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   }                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);              }
            if(i <= iagemax)
                fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);          if(first==1)
   cptcovn=0;            printf("Others in log...\n");
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;      }
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */    }
      dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
   /* Read guess parameters */   
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    fclose(ficresp);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
     puts(line);    /* End of Freq */
     fputs(line,ficparo);  }
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  /************ Prevalence ********************/
    void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);  {  
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);       We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);    */
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);   
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);    double *pp, **prop;
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);    double pos,posprop; 
       }    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    int iagemin, iagemax;
       printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    iagemin= (int) agemin;
     }    iagemax= (int) agemax;
      /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
     /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
   p=param[1][1];    j1=0;
      
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    j=cptcoveff;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
     puts(line);      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);        j1++;
   }        
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
           for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);            prop[i][m]=0.0;
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */       
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){          bool=1;
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);          if  (cptcovn>0) {
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){                bool=0;
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);          } 
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);          if (bool==1) { 
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
       }              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
       printf("\n");                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
     }                if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
   }                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
   delti=delti3[1][1];                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
                    prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */                  prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                } 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);              }
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            } /* end selection of waves */
     puts(line);          }
     fputs(line,ficparo);        }
   }        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          
            for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);            posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){          } 
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);  
     printf("%s",str);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);            if( i <=  iagemax){ 
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){              if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);              } 
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);            } 
     }          }/* end jk */ 
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");        }/* end i */ 
     printf("\n");      } /* end i1 */
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    } /* end k1 */
   }    
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
      }  /* End of prevalence */
   printf("\n");  
   /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
     if((ficres =fopen(fileres,"w"))==NULL) {  {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileres);goto end;    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
     }       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
           dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;       */
     }  
     int i, mi, m;
     n= lastobs;    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    int first;
     num=ivector(1,n);    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
     moisnais=vector(1,n);    double sum=0.;
     annais=vector(1,n);    first=0;
     moisdc=vector(1,n);    jmin=1e+5;
     andc=vector(1,n);    jmax=-1;
     agedc=vector(1,n);    jmean=0.;
     cod=ivector(1,n);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     weight=vector(1,n);      mi=0;
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */      m=firstpass;
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);        if(s[m][i]>=1)
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);          mw[++mi][i]=m;
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);            if(m >=lastpass)
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);          break;
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);        else
           m++;
     i=1;      }/* end while */
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
                /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){           /* Only death is a correct wave */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);        mw[mi][i]=m;
           strcpy(line,stra);      }
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      wav[i]=mi;
         }      if(mi==0){
                nbwarn++;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        if(first==0){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          printf("Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
           first=1;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        if(first==1){
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        }
         for (j=ncov;j>=1;j--){      } /* end mi==0 */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    } /* End individuals */
         }  
         num[i]=atol(stra);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
              for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){        if (stepm <=0)
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/          dh[mi][i]=1;
         else{
         i=i+1;          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
       }            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
     }              j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);              if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
        scanf("%d",i);*/              else if(j<0){
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */                nberr++;
                 printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){                j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;                fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;                fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
     }              }
               k=k+1;
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)              if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
     if (covar[1][i]==0) printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));*/              if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
               sum=sum+j;
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);              /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);            }
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);          }
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);          else{
   Tage=ivector(1,15);                  j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
                /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
   if (strlen(model) >1){            k=k+1;
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
     j=nbocc(model,'+');            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
     cptcovn=j+1;            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
     cptcovprod=j1;            if(j<0){
                  nberr++;
                  printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
     strcpy(modelsav,model);              fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){            }
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);            sum=sum+j;
       goto end;          }
     }          jk= j/stepm;
              jl= j -jk*stepm;
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');          if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);            if(jl==0){
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/              dh[mi][i]=jk;
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/              bh[mi][i]=0;
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
           cptcovprod--;              bh[mi][i]=ju;
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');            }
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);          }else{
           cptcovage++;            if(jl <= -ju){
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;              dh[mi][i]=jk;
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
         }                                   * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {                                   */
           cptcovprod--;            }
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');            else{
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
           cptcovage++;              bh[mi][i]=ju;
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;            }
         }            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
         else {              dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
           Tvar[i]=ncov+k1;              /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');            }
           Tprod[k1]=i;          } /* end if mle */
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);        }
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);      } /* end wave */
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];    }
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];    jmean=sum/k;
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
             covar[ncov+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
           k1++;   }
           k2=k2+2;  
         }  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
       }  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
       else {  {
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/    
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');    int cptcode=0;
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);    cptcoveff=0; 
       }   
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);      for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
         scanf("%d",i);*/  
     }    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
 }      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
                                   modality*/ 
   /*printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
   scanf("%d ",i);*/        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
     fclose(fic);        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
                                          Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
     /*  if(mle==1){*/                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/      }
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;  
     }      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);      }
   
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)      ij=1; 
      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++)      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
          anint[m][i]=9999;          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
          s[m][i]=-1;            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
        }            /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
                
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {            ij++;
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);          }
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
         if(s[m][i] >0){        }  
           if (s[m][i] == nlstate+1) {      } 
             if(agedc[i]>0)    }  
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)  
               agev[m][i]=agedc[i];   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
             else {  
               if (andc[i]!=9999){   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
               agev[m][i]=-1;     ij=Tvar[i];
               }     Ndum[ij]++;
             }   }
           }  
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */   ij=1;
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
               agev[m][i]=1;       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){       ij++;
               agemin=agev[m][i];     }
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/   }
             }   
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
               agemax=agev[m][i];  }
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/  
             }  /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/  
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
           }  
           else { /* =9 */  {
             agev[m][i]=1;    /* Health expectancies */
             s[m][i]=-1;    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
           }    double age, agelim, hf;
         }    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
         else /*= 0 Unknown */    double **dnewm,**doldm;
           agev[m][i]=1;    double *xp;
       }    double **gp, **gm;
        double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
     }    int theta;
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {  
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {    xp=vector(1,npar);
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");      dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
           goto end;    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
         }    
       }    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
     }    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);  
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);    if(estepm < stepm){
     free_vector(annais,1,n);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);    }
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
     free_vector(andc,1,n);     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
         * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
     wav=ivector(1,imx);     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
         * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
     /* Concatenates waves */     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
       ncodemax[1]=1;       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
             and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
    h=0;       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
         you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){    */
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){  
            h++;    agelim=AGESUP;
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
          }      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
        }      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
      }      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
    }      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
          nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
          gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
      
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */   
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */  
            hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]  
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */      /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */  
        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     if(mle==1){        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     }        }
            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     /*--------- results files --------------*/    
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle,weightopt,model);        cptj=0;
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
    jk=1;            cptj=cptj+1;
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters\n");            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
    printf("# Parameters\n");              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){            }
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){          }
        if (k != i)        }
          {       
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);       
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);        
              jk++;        cptj=0;
            }        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
            printf("\n");          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");            cptj=cptj+1;
          }            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
      }  
    }              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
  if(mle==1){            }
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */          }
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */        }
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)
  }          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales\n");            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
     printf("# Scales\n");          }
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){       } 
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){     
         if (j!=i) {  /* End theta */
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);  
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
             jk++;          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           }            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
           printf("\n");       
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");  
         }       for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
       }        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
      }          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
      
     k=1;       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance\n");       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
     printf("# Covariance\n");       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
       printf("%3d",i);        }
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){      }
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);      /* Computing expectancies */
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       printf("\n");            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
       k++;            
     }  /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);  
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       puts(line);      cptj=0;
       fputs(line,ficparo);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          cptj++;
            fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);        }
          fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
     if (fage <= 2) {     
       bage = agemin;      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       fage = agemax;      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     }      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy.\n");      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);    printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
    
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     puts(line);    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     fputs(line,ficparo);  }
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  /************ Variance ******************/
    void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mob_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);  {
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);    /* Variance of health expectancies */
  fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
          /* double **newm;*/
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
     puts(line);    int k, cptcode;
     fputs(line,ficparo);    double *xp;
   }    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
      double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
     double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;    double ***p3mat;
     double age,agelim, hf;
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);    double ***mobaverage;
    fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);      int theta;
    fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);      char digit[4];
     char digitp[25];
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);    if(popbased==1){
     fputs(line,ficparo);      if(mobilav!=0)
   }        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);    }
 fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);    else 
 fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
   
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2);    if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
  /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
 chdir(pathcd);        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   if((ficgp=fopen("graph.plt","w"))==NULL) {        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     printf("Problem with file graph.gp");goto end;      }
   }    }
 #ifdef windows  
   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
 #endif    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
  /* 1eme*/    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
 #ifdef windows      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    }
 #endif    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
 #ifdef unix    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
 #endif    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
 }    }  
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
 }  /*   } */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {  
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
 }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
 #ifdef unix        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300");    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
 #endif  
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    xp=vector(1,npar);
    }    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   }    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   /*2 eme*/    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
     doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,fage);    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
        gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       k=2*i;    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {    if(estepm < stepm){
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    }
 }      else  hstepm=estepm;   
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");       and note for a fixed period like k years */
 }      /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    */
 }      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");    agelim = AGESUP;
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
     }      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
   }      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   /*3eme*/      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {  
       k=2+nlstate*(cpt-1);      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);        }
       }        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     }  
   }        if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
   /* CV preval stat */            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
       k=3;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",agemin,agemax,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)          }
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);        }
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);    
              for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;          }
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);        }
       }        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);             computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);           as a weighted average of prlim.
     }        */
   }          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
   /* proba elementaires */            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){        }    
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){        /* end probability of death */
       if (k != i) {  
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s%1d%1d=%f ",alph[j],i,k,p[jk]);*/          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s",alph[1]);*/        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
           jk++;   
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");        if (popbased==1) {
         }          if(mobilav ==0){
       }            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     }              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     }          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,agemax);          }
    i=1;        }
    for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {  
      k3=i;        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
      for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
        if (k != k2){            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
 ij=1;          }
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {        }
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
             ij++;           as a weighted average of prlim.
           }        */
           else        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
         }           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
           fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");        }    
                /* end probability of death */
         for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){    
           fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
 ij=1;          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
           for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {          }
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);  
             ij++;        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
           }          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
           else        }
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);  
           }      } /* End theta */
           fprintf(ficgp,")");  
         }      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);  
         if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
         i=i+ncovmodel;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
        }          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
      }            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
    }  
    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
   }        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
   fclose(ficgp);    
   /* end gnuplot */  
          hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
 chdir(path);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);        for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
     free_ivector(num,1,n);        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
     fclose(ficparo);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     fclose(ficres);            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
     /*  }*/              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
            }
    /*________fin mle=1_________*/      }
        
       /* pptj */
        matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
     /* No more information from the sample is required now */      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      /* end ppptj */
     puts(line);      /*  x centered again */
     fputs(line,ficparo);      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   }      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);   
        if (popbased==1) {
   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);        if(mobilav ==0){
   printf("agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax, bage, fage);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/        }else{ /* mobilav */ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");        }
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {      }
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);goto end;               
   }      /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
          computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body><ul> <font size=\"6\">Imach, Version 0.7 </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">         as a weighted average of prlim.
 Titre=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>      */
 Total number of observations=%d <br>      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>        for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
 <li>Outputs files<br><br>\n      }    
         - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n      /* end probability of death */
 - Estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>  
         - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
         - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
         - Life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
         - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>        }
         - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>      } 
         - Prevalences and population forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
 <br>",title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);  
       fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
  fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
  m=cptcoveff;          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        }
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
  j1=0;      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
        j1++;      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
        if (cptcovn > 0) {      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");    } /* End age */
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[j1][cpt]]);    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
        }    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);        /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
        }  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      }    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>  */
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
      }    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.png\";replot;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and  
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
    }    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
  }    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
 fclose(fichtm);    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
      fflush(ficgp);
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");    fflush(fichtm); 
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);  }  /* end varevsij */
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
   }  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);  {
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);    double **newm;
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");    double **dnewm,**doldm;
      int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    int k, cptcode;
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    double *xp;
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    double *gp, *gm;
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    double **gradg, **trgradg;
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    double age,agelim;
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    int theta;
   k=0;     
   agebase=agemin;    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
   agelim=agemax;    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
   ftolpl=1.e-10;    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   i1=cptcoveff;        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    xp=vector(1,npar);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
         k=k+1;    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/    
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    agelim = AGESUP;
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
              nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){      if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");  
         }      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
       }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
     }          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   fclose(ficrespl);        }
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
            gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);      
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   }        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
            gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;  
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
   agelim=AGESUP;      } /* End theta */
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */  
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
    
   k=0;      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
       k=k+1;  
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
              for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    } /* End age */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");  }
           }  
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
         }  {
     }    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
   }    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
     int k=0,l, cptcode;
   /* varprob(fileres, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k);*/    int first=1, first1;
     double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
   fclose(ficrespij);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp;
   if(stepm == 1) {    double *gp, *gm;
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/    double **gradg, **trgradg;
   calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;    double **mu;
     double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
   /*printf("calage= %f", calagedate);*/    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
      int theta;
   prevalence(agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
     char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
     char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");  
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);    double ***varpij;
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);goto end;    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
   }    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
   free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
   free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);    }
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
   /* Mobile average */    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
     if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
   if (mobilav==1) {    }
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
     for (agedeb=bage+3; agedeb<=fage-2; agedeb++)    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
        }
     for (agedeb=bage+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
           }    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;    
         }    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
       }    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
     }      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
   }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;  
   
   agelim=AGESUP;    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   /*hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; *//* Every year of age */      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   hstepm=1;        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2 years/6 months = 4 */        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
   anprojmean=yp;      }  
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);   /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
   mprojmean=yp;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
   jprojmean=yp;   */
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;   xp=vector(1,npar);
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
     varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
   if (popforecast==1) {    first=1;
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL)    {    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);goto end;    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
     }    fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);  
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4></li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n\
     file %s<br>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
     i=1;      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated\
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF)  and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
       {   They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
         i=i+1;    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
       }  It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
     imx=i;  would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
      standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];   Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
   }   and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
   To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    cov[1]=1;
       k=k+1;    tj=cptcoveff;
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    j1=0;
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
       }      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");        j1++;
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");        if  (cptcovn>0) {
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficresf," [Population]");          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
              fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
       for (cpt=0; cpt<4;cpt++) {          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);            fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
           
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(bage-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
         /*printf("agedeb=%.lf stepm=%d hstepm=%d nhstepm=%d \n",agedeb,stepm,hstepm,nhstepm);*/          
           
         p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);            fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
                  
         for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
           if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
             fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
           }        }
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        
             kk1=0.;kk2=0;        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                  cov[2]=age;
               if (mobilav==1)          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
               else {          }
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
                 /* fprintf(ficresf," p3=%.3f p=%.3f ", p3mat[i][j][h], probs[(int)(agedeb)+1][i][cptcod]);*/          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
               }            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           
               if (popforecast==1) kk2=kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb];          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
             }          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
                    gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
               fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);      
                        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
               if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficresf," [%.f]", kk2);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
             }              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
           }            
         }            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
         free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            
       }            k=0;
       }            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
     }              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   }                k=k+1;
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
   if (popforecast==1) {              }
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);            }
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);            
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
   }              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
   free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);      
   free_vector(weight,1,n);            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
   fclose(ficresf);            k=0;
   }/* End forecasting */            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
   else{              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     erreur=108;                k=k+1;
     printf("Error %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d\n", erreur, stepm);                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
   }              }
             }
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/       
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
   strcpy(filerest,"t");              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
   strcat(filerest,fileres);          }
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
   }            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
           
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
   strcpy(filerese,"e");          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
   strcat(filerese,fileres);          free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);          free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   }          free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);  
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");          
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);          k=0;
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   }              k=k+1;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
             }
   k=0;          }
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
       k=k+1;              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
             fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");            }*/
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          }
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k);            i=0;
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
       varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);              i=i++;
                    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                        fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
       hf=1;              }
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;            }
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);          }/* end of loop for state */
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){        } /* end of loop for age */
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);  
         if (popbased==1) {        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        /*
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
         }          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
                  fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
         fprintf(ficrest," %.0f",age);          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*hf*eij[i][j][(int)age];          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
           }        */
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  
         }        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)        first1=1;
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
         fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[nlstate+1],hf*sqrt(vepp));            if(l2==k2) continue;
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
           fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[j],hf*sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
         }              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");                if(l1==k1) continue;
       }                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
     }                if(i<=j) continue;
   }                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
                          if ((int)age %5==0){
                            v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
  fclose(ficreseij);                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
  fclose(ficresvij);                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
   fclose(ficrest);                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
   fclose(ficpar);                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
   /*  scanf("%d ",i); */                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     /* Eigen vectors */
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/                      v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
                     /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
 strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);                    v12=-v21;
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {                    v22=v11;
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);                    tnalp=v21/v11;
     exit(0);                    if(first1==1){
   }                      first1=0;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                     }
  k=0;                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
  for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){                    /*printf(fignu*/
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
      k=k+1;                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");                    if(first==1){
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)                      first=0;
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
      varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
      oldm=oldms;savm=savms;   :<a href=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">\
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);  %s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
    }                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,\
  }                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   fclose(ficresvpl);                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                      }else{
                        first=0;
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);                      fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                                mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);                    }/* if first */
                    } /* age mod 5 */
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);                } /* end loop age */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   if(erreur >0)                first=1;
     printf("End of Imach with error %d\n",erreur);              } /*l12 */
   else   printf("End of Imach\n");            } /* k12 */
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */          } /*l1 */
          }/* k1 */
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/      } /* loop covariates */
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/    }
   /*------ End -----------*/    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
  end:    fclose(ficresprob);
 #ifdef windows    fclose(ficresprobcov);
  chdir(pathcd);    fclose(ficresprobcor);
 #endif    fflush(ficgp);
      fflush(fichtmcov);
  system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");  }
   
 #ifdef windows  
   while (z[0] != 'q') {  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
     chdir(pathcd);  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
     scanf("%s",z);                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
     else if (z[0] == 'e') {                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
       chdir(path);                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
       system(optionfilehtm);    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
     }  
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n \
   }   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n ",
 #endif             jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirf2(fileres,"p"),subdirf2(fileres,"p"));
 }     fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),subdirf2(fileres,"pij"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileres,"pl"),subdirf2(fileres,"pl"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),subdirf2(fileres,"e"));
   
   fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
    m=cptcoveff;
    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
    jj1=0;
    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
        /* Pij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: %s%d1.png<br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d1.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1);     
        /* Quasi-incidences */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
    before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: %s%d2.png<br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d2.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1); 
          /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1);
          }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br> \
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1);
        }
      } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   \n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n\
    - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n", rfileres,rfileres);
   
    fprintf(fichtm," - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"prob"),subdirf2(fileres,"prob"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"));
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
            estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"v"),subdirf2(fileres,"v"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"t"),subdirf2(fileres,"t"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
            subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"));
   
   /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   /*  else  */
   /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
    fflush(fichtm);
    fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
    m=cptcoveff;
    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
    jj1=0;
    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
   prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br>\
   <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1);  
        }
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
   health expectancies in states (1) and (2): %s%d.png<br>\
   <img src=\"%s%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1);
      } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
    fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
   /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
    /* 1eme*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
      for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
   set ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter png small\n\
   set size 0.65,0.65\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
   
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        } 
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1); 
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        }  
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",subdirf2(fileres,"p"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
      }
     }
     /*2 eme*/
     
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),k1);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
       
       for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
         k=2*i;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
         else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
         else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
       }
     }
     
     /*3eme*/
     
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\n\
   set size 0.65,0.65\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
         /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           
         */
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
           
         } 
       }
     }
     
     /* CV preval stable (period) */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         k=3;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n\
   unset log y\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
         
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
         
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
         }
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
       } 
     }  
     
     /* proba elementaires */
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) {
           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
             jk++; 
             fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
      }
   
      for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
        for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jk,ng); 
          if (ng==2)
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
          else
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
          i=1;
          for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
            k3=i;
            for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
              if (k != k2){
                if(ng==2)
                  fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                else
                  fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                ij=1;
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                    ij++;
                  }
                  else
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                }
                fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
                
                for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                  ij=1;
                  for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                    if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                      ij++;
                    }
                    else
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                  }
                  fprintf(ficgp,")");
                }
                fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
                if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
                i=i+ncovmodel;
              }
            } /* end k */
          } /* end k2 */
        } /* end jk */
      } /* end ng */
      fflush(ficgp); 
   }  /* end gnuplot */
   
   
   /*************** Moving average **************/
   int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
   
     int i, cpt, cptcod;
     int modcovmax =1;
     int mobilavrange, mob;
     double age;
   
     modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
                              a covariate has 2 modalities */
     if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
   
     if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
       if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
       else mobilavrange=mobilav;
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
         for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
             mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
       /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
          fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
          we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
       */ 
       for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
         for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
           for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                 for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
                   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
                   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
                 }
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
             }
           }
         }/* end age */
       }/* end mob */
     }else return -1;
     return 0;
   }/* End movingaverage */
   
   
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
   prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
     int *popage;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
    
     strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileres);
     if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
   
   /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
             fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
         }
         for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
   
           for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
                 for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
                   fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
                 fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 ppij=0.;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                   if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
                     fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
                   }
                 } /* end i */
                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
                   fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
                 }
               }/* end j */
             } /* end h */
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           } /* end agec */
         } /* end yearp */
       } /* end cptcod */
     } /* end  cptcov */
          
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     fclose(ficresf);
   }
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
     
     int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
     int *popage;
     double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     agelim=AGESUP;
     calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
     
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     
     
     strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     strcat(filerespop,fileres);
     if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     
     agelim=AGESUP;
     
     hstepm=1;
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     
     if (popforecast==1) {
       if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
       } 
       popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
       popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
       popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
       
       i=1;   
       while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
      
       imx=i;
       for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
         if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
         
         for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
                   tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
                     /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
                       if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                 }
               }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
                   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                     kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                   }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
   
               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
    
     /******/
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
               }
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
      } 
     }
    
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficrespop);
   } /* End of popforecast */
   
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   
   
   /**************** function prwizard **********************/
   void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
   
     /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     int i,j, k, l, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     } /* end itimes */
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz(double x[])
   { 
     double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       sump=sump+1;
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i]==1 & wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*
             (exp(x[2]/YEARM*(agecens[i]*12-agegomp*12))-exp(x[2]/YEARM*(ageexmed[i]*12-agegomp*12)));
         
         if (cens[i]==0 & wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*
                (exp(x[2]/YEARM*(agedc[i]*12-agegomp*12))-exp(x[2]/YEARM*(ageexmed[i]*12-agegomp*12)))
             +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]/YEARM*(agedc[i]*12-agegomp*12)+log(YEARM);      
         
         if (wav[i]>1 & agecens[i]>15) {
           L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
    
     return -2*L*num/sump;
   }
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtmlmort(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,  double p[],double **matcov){
     int i;
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
     fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
     for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
       fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.png\">");
     fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
     fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplotmort(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
   
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
   
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.png\"\n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set ter png small\n set log y\n"); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
   
   } 
   
   
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
     int jj, ll, li, lj, lk, imk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     int itimes;
     int NDIM=2;
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE],model[MAXLINE];
     char pathr[MAXLINE]; 
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
     char strstart[80], *strt, strtend[80];
     char *stratrunc;
     int lstra;
   
     long total_usecs;
    
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
     curr_time=start_time;
     tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tm));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       scanf("%s",pathtot);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("pathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Problem creating directory or it already exists %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
   
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       exit(0);
     }
     else if(mle==-3) {
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }
     else{
       /* Read guess parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
   
   
       p=param[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%s",str);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
       strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
       strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         }
           
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         } 
         lstra=strlen(stra);
         if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
           stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
           num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
         }
         else
           num[i]=atol(stra);
           
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
           printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
         i=i+1;
       }
     }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);
     fclose(fic);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a
                                    month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           nberr++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n",\
             fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
             imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     if (mle==-3){
       ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
       cens=ivector(1,n);
       ageexmed=vector(1,n);
       agecens=vector(1,n);
       dcwave=ivector(1,n);
    
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         dcwave[i]=-1;
         for (j=1; j<=lastpass; j++)
           if (s[j][i]>nlstate) {
             dcwave[i]=j;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];agecens[i]=1.; 
           if (ageexmed[i]>1 & wav[i]>0) agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
           cens[i]=1;
           
           if (ageexmed[i]<1) cens[i]=-1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP & agedc[i]>1 & dcwave[i]>firstpass & dcwave[i]<=lastpass) cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
   
       p[1]=0.1; p[2]=0.1;
       /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
       
       
     printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
     strcpy(filerespow,"pow-mort"); 
     strcat(filerespow,fileres);
     if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
     }
     fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
     /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
     */
     fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   
       powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, p, NDIM,delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
           printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) 
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,path); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplotmort(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtmlmort(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov);
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 */
   
     else{ /* For mle >=1 */
     
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
       
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           if (k != i) {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       if(mle!=0){
         /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
         ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
         hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if (j!=i) {
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       if(mle>=1)
         printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
       /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
       /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
       */
       for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
         jj=0;
         for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             if(j==i) continue;
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               jj++;
               ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
               if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       estepm=0;
       fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
       if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
       if (fage <= 2) {
         bage = ageminpar;
         fage = agemaxpar;
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
       fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
       fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       
       dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
       dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
       fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
       
       
       
       /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
       /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,path); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplot(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
         
      /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
      /*  chdir(path); */
    
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
       free_lvector(num,1,n);
       free_vector(agedc,1,n);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
   
   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
       strcat(filerespl,fileres);
       if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
       agebase=ageminpar;
       agelim=agemaxpar;
       ftolpl=1.e-10;
       i1=cptcoveff;
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
           printf("\n#******");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
           printf("******\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
           for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
             for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
           for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
             /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                   fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
               fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
   
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
       fclose(ficrespij);
   
       probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=NCOVMAX;j++)
           for(k=1;k<=NCOVMAX;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
   
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
       if(prevfcast==1){
         /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
         /*      }  */
         /*      else{ */
         /*        erreur=108; */
         /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*      } */
       }
     
   
       /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
       strcpy(filerest,"t");
       strcat(filerest,fileres);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
       strcpy(filerese,"e");
       strcat(filerese,fileres);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
       strcpy(fileresv,"v");
       strcat(fileresv,fileres);
       if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
       /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
       prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
           ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       */
   
       if (mobilav!=0) {
         mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
           fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         }
       }
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1; 
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
           eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
           vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
           if(popbased==1){
             varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
           }
   
    
           fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
           for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
           epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
           for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             if (popbased==1) {
               if(mobilav ==0){
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
               }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
               }
             }
           
             fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
             for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
               for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
                 epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
                 /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
               }
               epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
             }
   
             for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                 vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
             }
             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
         }
       }
       free_vector(weight,1,n);
       free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
       free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
       free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_ivector(cod,1,n);
       free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       fclose(ficreseij);
       fclose(ficresvij);
       fclose(ficrest);
       fclose(ficpar);
     
       /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
       strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
       strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
       if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
         exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
           varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
           free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         }
       }
   
       fclose(ficresvpl);
   
       /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
       if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
       free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     
       free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
       free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
       /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
       free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
   
       free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
       free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
   
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
   
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&tm));
     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocaltime at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
   
     printf("Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     chdir(path);
     strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf(" Problem with gnuplot\n");
     }
     printf(" Wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
   }
   
   
   

Removed from v.1.21  
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  Added in v.1.98


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