Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.50 and 1.108

version 1.50, 2002/06/26 23:25:02 version 1.108, 2006/01/19 18:05:42
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain    $State$
     $Log$
   Short summary of the programme:    Revision 1.108  2006/01/19 18:05:42  lievre
      Gnuplot problem appeared...
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from    To be fixed
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a  
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    Revision 1.107  2006/01/19 16:20:37  brouard
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the    Test existence of gnuplot in imach path
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a  
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    Revision 1.106  2006/01/19 13:24:36  brouard
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    Some cleaning and links added in html output
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a  
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the    Revision 1.105  2006/01/05 20:23:19  lievre
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    *** empty log message ***
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the  
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave    Revision 1.104  2005/09/30 16:11:43  lievre
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    (Module): If the status is missing at the last wave but we know
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more    that the person is alive, then we can code his/her status as -2
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    (instead of missing=-1 in earlier versions) and his/her
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    contributions to the likelihood is 1 - Prob of dying from last
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the    health status (= 1-p13= p11+p12 in the easiest case of somebody in
   convergence.    the healthy state at last known wave). Version is 0.98
   
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    Revision 1.103  2005/09/30 15:54:49  lievre
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an  
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into    Revision 1.102  2004/09/15 17:31:30  brouard
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.      Add the possibility to read data file including tab characters.
   
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h    Revision 1.101  2004/09/15 10:38:38  brouard
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be    Fix on curr_time
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate  
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,    Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices  
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply    Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
   hPijx.    *** empty log message ***
   
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
      directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
   from the European Union.    cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    from other sources like vital statistic data.
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version  
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
   **********************************************************************/  
      Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
 #include <math.h>    former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
 #include <stdio.h>  
 #include <stdlib.h>    The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
 #include <unistd.h>    the slope with 95% confident intervals.
   
 #define MAXLINE 256    Current limitations:
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"    A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/    model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
 /*#define DEBUG*/  
 #define windows    Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */    suppressed.
   
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */    * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
     rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
 #define NINTERVMAX 8  
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */    Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    * imach.c (Repository):
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
 #define MAXN 20000    matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */  
 #define AGESUP 130    Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
 #define AGEBASE 40    Just cleaning
 #ifdef windows  
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'    Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
 #else    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'    (Module): Version 0.96b
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'  
 #endif    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
     (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
 char version[80]="Imach version 0.8i, June 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
 int erreur; /* Error number */  
 int nvar;    Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
 int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
 int npar=NPARMAX;    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */    is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
 int popbased=0;  
     Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */    of the covariance matrix to be input.
 int mle, weightopt;  
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */    of the covariance matrix to be input.
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */  
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;    Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
 FILE *ficlog;    * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;  
 FILE *ficresprobmorprev;    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
 FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */    Version 0.96
 FILE *ficreseij;  
 char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
 FILE  *ficresvij;    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
 char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    routine fileappend.
 FILE  *ficresvpl;  
 char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
 char title[MAXLINE];    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
 char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
 char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
     was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
 char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
 char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */    interview.
 char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
 char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
 char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
     truncation)
 char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
   
 #define NR_END 1    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
 #define FREE_ARG char*    * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
     many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
 #define NRANSI    parcimony.
 #define ITMAX 200    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
   
 #define TOL 2.0e-4    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
     *** empty log message ***
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
   
 #define GOLD 1.618034  */
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  /*
 #define TINY 1.0e-20     Interpolated Markov Chain
   
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;    Short summary of the programme:
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
      cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
     case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
 static double sqrarg;    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
     model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
 int imx;    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
 int stepm;    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
     conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
 int estepm;    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
     complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
 int m,nb;    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;    convergence.
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  
 double dateintmean=0;    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
     multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
 double *weight;    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
 int **s; /* Status */    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  
     hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
     states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
 /**************** split *************************/    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
 {    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
    char *s;                             /* pointer */    hPijx.
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  
     Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    
    s= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/    from the European Union.
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
       extern char       *getwd( );    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
     can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  
 #else    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
       extern char       *getcwd( );    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
     
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {    **********************************************************************/
 #endif  /*
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );    main
       }    read parameterfile
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */    read datafile
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */    concatwav
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */    freqsummary
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */    if (mle >= 1)
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );      mlikeli
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */    print results files
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */    if mle==1 
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */       computes hessian
    }    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */        begin-prev-date,...
 #ifdef windows    open gnuplot file
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    open html file
 #else    stable prevalence
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }     for age prevalim()
 #endif    h Pij x
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */    variance of p varprob
    s++;    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */    health expectancies
    l1= strlen( name);    Variance-covariance of DFLE
    l2= strlen( s)+1;    prevalence()
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);     movingaverage()
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;    varevsij() 
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
 }    total life expectancies
     Variance of stable prevalence
    end
 /******************************************/  */
   
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  
 {  
   int i;   
   int lg=20;  #include <math.h>
   i=0;  #include <stdio.h>
   lg=strlen(t);  #include <stdlib.h>
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  #include <string.h>
     (s[i] = t[i]);  #include <unistd.h>
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  
   }  #include <sys/types.h>
 }  #include <sys/stat.h>
   #include <errno.h>
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  extern int errno;
 {  
   int i,j=0;  /* #include <sys/time.h> */
   int lg=20;  #include <time.h>
   i=0;  #include "timeval.h"
   lg=strlen(s);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  /* #include <libintl.h> */
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;  /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
   }  
   return j;  #define MAXLINE 256
 }  
   #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 {  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
   /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it  
      and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
      gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
   int i,lg,j,p=0;  
   i=0;  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  
   }  #define NINTERVMAX 8
   #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
   lg=strlen(t);  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
     (u[j] = t[j]);  #define MAXN 20000
   }  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
      u[p]='\0';  #define AGESUP 130
   #define AGEBASE 40
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {  #define AGEGOMP 10. /* Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  #ifdef UNIX
   }  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
 }  #define CHARSEPARATOR "/"
   #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  #else
   #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  #define CHARSEPARATOR "\\"
 {  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  #endif
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  
   exit(1);  /* $Id$ */
 }  /* $State$ */
 /*********************** vector *******************/  
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)  char version[]="Imach version 0.98a, January 2006, INED-EUROREVES ";
 {  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
   double *v;  int erreur, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  int nvar;
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
   return v-nl+NR_END;  int npar=NPARMAX;
 }  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
   int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
 /************************ free vector ******************/  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  int popbased=0;
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 }  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
   int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 /************************ivector *******************************/  int gipmx, gsw; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)                     to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
 {  int mle, weightopt;
   int *v;  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
   return v-nl+NR_END;             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
 }  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
 /******************free ivector **************************/  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 {  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */
 }  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
 {  FILE *ficresilk;
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
   int **m;  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
    FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
   /* allocate pointers to rows */  FILE *ficreseij;
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  FILE  *ficresvij;
   m += NR_END;  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
   m -= nrl;  FILE  *ficresvpl;
    char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
    char title[MAXLINE];
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  int  outcmd=0;
    
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
    
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
   return m;  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
 }  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/  
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
       int **m;  
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;  struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */  struct timezone tzp;
 {  extern int gettimeofday();
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  struct tm tmg, tm, tmf, *gmtime(), *localtime();
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));  long time_value;
 }  extern long time();
   char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  #define NR_END 1
 {  #define FREE_ARG char*
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
   double **m;  
   #define NRANSI 
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  #define ITMAX 200 
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
   m -= nrl;  
   #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  #define GOLD 1.618034 
   #define GLIMIT 100.0 
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
   return m;  
 }  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
   #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 /*************************free matrix ************************/  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    
 {  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  
 }  static double sqrarg;
   #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
 {  
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  int imx; 
   double ***m;  int stepm=1;
   /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  int estepm;
   m += NR_END;  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   m -= nrl;  
   int m,nb;
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  long *num;
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage,*cens;
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  double **pmmij, ***probs;
   double *ageexmed,*agecens;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  double dateintmean=0;
   
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  double *weight;
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  int **s; /* Status */
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;  
    double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;  
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  /**************** split *************************/
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
   }  {
   return m;    /* From a file name with (full) path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
 }       the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
     */ 
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
 }    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so determine current directory */
       strcpy( name, path );               /* we got the fullname name because no directory */
 /***************** f1dim *************************/      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
 extern int ncom;        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;      /* get current working directory */
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
        if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
 double f1dim(double x)        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
 {      }
   int j;      /* got dirc from getcwd*/
   double f;      printf(" DIRC = %s \n",dirc);
   double *xt;    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
        ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
   xt=vector(1,ncom);      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
   return f;      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
 }      printf(" DIRC2 = %s \n",dirc);
     }
 /*****************brent *************************/    /* We add a separator at the end of dirc if not exists */
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
 {    if( dirc[l1-1] != DIRSEPARATOR ){
   int iter;      dirc[l1] =  DIRSEPARATOR;
   double a,b,d,etemp;      dirc[l1+1] = 0; 
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;      printf(" DIRC3 = %s \n",dirc);
   double ftemp;    }
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
   double e=0.0;    if (ss >0){
        ss++;
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);      strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);      l1= strlen( name);
   x=w=v=bx;      l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);      strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
     xm=0.5*(a+b);    }
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);  }
     fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);  
 #ifdef DEBUG  
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  /******************************************/
     fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
 #endif  {
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    int i;
       *xmin=x;    int lg=0;
       return fx;    i=0;
     }    lg=strlen(t);
     ftemp=fu;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {      (s[i] = t[i]);
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);    }
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;  }
       q=2.0*(q-r);  
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
       q=fabs(q);  {
       etemp=e;    int i,j=0;
       e=d;    int lg=20;
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    i=0;
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    lg=strlen(s);
       else {    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
         d=p/q;    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
         u=x+d;    }
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    return j;
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);  }
       }  
     } else {  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  {
     }    /* cuts string t into u and v where u ends before first occurence of char 'occ' 
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));       and v starts after first occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
     fu=(*f)(u);       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
     if (fu <= fx) {    int i,lg,j,p=0;
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;    i=0;
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
         } else {    }
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;  
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {    lg=strlen(t);
             v=w;    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
             w=u;      (u[j] = t[j]);
             fv=fw;    }
             fw=fu;       u[p]='\0';
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {  
             v=u;     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
             fv=fu;      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
           }    }
         }  }
   }  
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");  /********************** nrerror ********************/
   *xmin=x;  
   return fx;  void nrerror(char error_text[])
 }  {
     fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  }
             double (*func)(double))  /*********************** vector *******************/
 {  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;  {
   double fu;    double *v;
      v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);    return v-nl+NR_END;
   if (*fb > *fa) {  }
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)  
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)  /************************ free vector ******************/
       }  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);  {
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   while (*fb > *fc) {  }
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);  
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);  /************************ivector *******************************/
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));  {
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);    int *v;
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
       fu=(*func)(u);    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {    return v-nl+NR_END;
       fu=(*func)(u);  }
       if (fu < *fc) {  
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))  /******************free ivector **************************/
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
           }  {
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
       u=ulim;  }
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     } else {  /************************lvector *******************************/
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
       fu=(*func)(u);  {
     }    long *v;
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
       }    return v-nl+NR_END;
 }  }
   
 /*************** linmin ************************/  /******************free lvector **************************/
   void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
 int ncom;  {
 double *pcom,*xicom;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);  }
    
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
 {  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);  { 
   double f1dim(double x);    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,    int **m; 
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    
   int j;    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
   double fx,fb,fa;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
      m += NR_END; 
   ncom=n;    m -= nrl; 
   pcom=vector(1,n);    
   xicom=vector(1,n);    
   nrfunc=func;    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
     pcom[j]=p[j];    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
     xicom[j]=xi[j];    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
   }    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
   ax=0.0;    
   xx=1.0;    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);    
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
 #ifdef DEBUG    return m; 
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);  } 
   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);  
 #endif  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
     xi[j] *= xmin;        int **m;
     p[j] += xi[j];        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
   }       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);  { 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
 }    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
   } 
 /*************** powell ************************/  
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,  /******************* matrix *******************************/
             double (*func)(double []))  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
 {  {
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
               double (*func)(double []));    double **m;
   int i,ibig,j;  
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   double fp,fptt;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
   double *xits;    m += NR_END;
   pt=vector(1,n);    m -= nrl;
   ptt=vector(1,n);  
   xit=vector(1,n);    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   xits=vector(1,n);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   *fret=(*func)(p);    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {  
     fp=(*fret);    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
     ibig=0;    return m;
     del=0.0;    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);     */
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);  }
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)  
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);  /*************************free matrix ************************/
     fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     printf("\n");  {
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];  }
       fptt=(*fret);  
 #ifdef DEBUG  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
       fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);  {
 #endif    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    double ***m;
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);  
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    m += NR_END;
         ibig=i;    m -= nrl;
       }  
 #ifdef DEBUG    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    m[nrl] += NR_END;
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    m[nrl] -= ncl;
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);  
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);  
       }    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
         fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
       }    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       printf("\n");      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    
 #endif    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
     }      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
 #ifdef DEBUG        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
       int k[2],l;    }
       k[0]=1;    return m; 
       k[1]=-1;    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
       fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    */
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  }
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);  
         fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
       }  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
       printf("\n");  {
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];  }
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);  
           fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);  /*************** function subdirf ***********/
         }  char *subdirf(char fileres[])
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));  {
         fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
       }    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
 #endif    strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
     strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     return tmpout;
       free_vector(xit,1,n);  }
       free_vector(xits,1,n);  
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);  /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
       free_vector(pt,1,n);  char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
       return;  {
     }    
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];    strcat(tmpout,"/");
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];    strcat(tmpout,preop);
       pt[j]=p[j];    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     }    return tmpout;
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);  }
     if (fptt < fp) {  
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);  /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
       if (t < 0.0) {  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  {
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
         }    strcat(tmpout,"/");
 #ifdef DEBUG    strcat(tmpout,preop);
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++){    return tmpout;
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);  }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);  
         }  /***************** f1dim *************************/
         printf("\n");  extern int ncom; 
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
 #endif  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
       }   
     }  double f1dim(double x) 
   }  { 
 }    int j; 
     double f;
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    double *xt; 
    
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
 {    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     return f; 
   int i, ii,j,k;  } 
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;  
   double **matprod2();  /*****************brent *************************/
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   double **newm;  { 
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    int iter; 
     double a,b,d,etemp;
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    double ftemp;
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
     }    double e=0.0; 
    
    cov[1]=1.;    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
      b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    x=w=v=bx; 
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
     newm=savm;    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
      cov[2]=agefin;      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
        /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/  #ifdef DEBUG
       }      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  #endif
       if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/        *xmin=x; 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/        return fx; 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/      } 
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);      ftemp=fu;
       if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
     savm=oldm;        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
     oldm=newm;        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
     maxmax=0.;        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){        q=2.0*(q-r); 
       min=1.;        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
       max=0.;        q=fabs(q); 
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {        etemp=e; 
         sumnew=0;        e=d; 
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);        else { 
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);          d=p/q; 
       }          u=x+d; 
       maxmin=max-min;          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
     }        } 
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){      } else { 
       return prlim;        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
     }      } 
   }      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
 }      fu=(*f)(u); 
       if (fu <= fx) { 
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
         SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
 {          } else { 
   double s1, s2;            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
   /*double t34;*/            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;              v=w; 
               w=u; 
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){              fv=fw; 
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){              fw=fu; 
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/              v=u; 
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];              fv=fu; 
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/            } 
       }          } 
       ps[i][j]=s2;    } 
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
     }    *xmin=x; 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    return fx; 
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  } 
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];  
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
       }  
       ps[i][j]=s2;  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
     }              double (*func)(double)) 
   }  { 
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
     double fu; 
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){   
      s1=0;    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    if (*fb > *fa) { 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);        } 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    while (*fb > *fc) { 
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
   } /* end i */      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
         (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
       ps[ii][jj]=0;        fu=(*func)(u); 
       ps[ii][ii]=1;      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
     }        fu=(*func)(u); 
   }        if (fu < *fc) { 
           SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
             SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){            } 
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);        u=ulim; 
    }        fu=(*func)(u); 
     printf("\n ");      } else { 
     }        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/        fu=(*func)(u); 
 /*      } 
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
   goto end;*/        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
     return ps;        } 
 }  } 
   
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/  /*************** linmin ************************/
   
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)  int ncom; 
 {  double *pcom,*xicom;
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */   
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns  { 
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
   long i, j, k;                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)    double f1dim(double x); 
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];    int j; 
     double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
   return out;    double fx,fb,fa;
 }   
     ncom=n; 
     pcom=vector(1,n); 
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/    xicom=vector(1,n); 
     nrfunc=func; 
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
 {      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
      duration (i.e. until    } 
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    ax=0.0; 
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step    xx=1.0; 
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
      included manually here.  #ifdef DEBUG
     printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
      */    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   #endif
   int i, j, d, h, k;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];      xi[j] *= xmin; 
   double **newm;      p[j] += xi[j]; 
     } 
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  } 
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
     }  {
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){    days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
       newm=savm;    hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */    sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
       cov[1]=1.;    minutes = (sec_left) /60;
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;    sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    sprintf(ascdiff,"%d day(s) %d hour(s) %d minute(s) %d second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)    return ascdiff;
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  }
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  /*************** powell ************************/
   void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
               double (*func)(double [])) 
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/  { 
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,                double (*func)(double [])); 
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));    int i,ibig,j; 
       savm=oldm;    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
       oldm=newm;    double fp,fptt;
     }    double *xits;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    int niterf, itmp;
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {  
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];    pt=vector(1,n); 
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);    ptt=vector(1,n); 
          */    xit=vector(1,n); 
       }    xits=vector(1,n); 
   } /* end h */    *fret=(*func)(p); 
   return po;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
 }    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
       fp=(*fret); 
       ibig=0; 
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/      del=0.0; 
 double func( double *x)      last_time=curr_time;
 {      (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp);
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);fflush(stdout);
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];      /*    fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);
   double **out;      fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */      */
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
   long ipmx;        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
   /*extern weight */        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/      }
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)      printf("\n");
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   */      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
   cov[1]=1.;      if(*iter <=3){
         tm = *localtime(&curr_time.tv_sec);
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;        strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tm));
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){  /*       asctime_r(&tm,strcurr); */
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];        forecast_time=curr_time; 
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){        itmp = strlen(strcurr);
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)        if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);          strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){        printf("\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
         newm=savm;        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;        for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {          forecast_time.tv_sec=curr_time.tv_sec+(niterf-*iter)*(curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];          tmf = *localtime(&forecast_time.tv_sec);
         }  /*      asctime_r(&tmf,strfor); */
                  strcpy(strfor,asctime(&tmf));
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,          itmp = strlen(strfor);
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));          if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
         savm=oldm;          strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
         oldm=newm;          printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
                  fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
                }
       } /* end mult */      }
            for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/        fptt=(*fret); 
       ipmx +=1;  #ifdef DEBUG
       sw += weight[i];        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
     } /* end of wave */  #endif
   } /* end of individual */        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
   return -l;          ibig=i; 
 }        } 
   #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
 {          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
   int i,j, iter;          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
   double **xi,*delti;        }
   double fret;        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)        }
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        printf("\n");
   printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);  #endif
       } 
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
   fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));  #ifdef DEBUG
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));        int k[2],l;
         k[0]=1;
 }        k[1]=-1;
         printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 {          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
   double **hess;        }
   int i, j,jk;        printf("\n");
   int *indx;        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
           }
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
           fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");        }
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");  #endif
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
   }        return; 
        } 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       if (j>i) {        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
         fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);        pt[j]=p[j]; 
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);      } 
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];          fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/      if (fptt < fp) { 
       }        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
     }        if (t < 0.0) { 
   }          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
   printf("\n");          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
             xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");          }
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  #ifdef DEBUG
            printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
   x=vector(1,npar);            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
   indx=ivector(1,npar);            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)          }
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];          printf("\n");
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   #endif
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {        }
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;      } 
     x[j]=1;    } 
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  } 
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];  /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
     }  
   }  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
   {
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    int i, ii,j,k;
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);    double **matprod2();
     }    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
     printf("\n");    double **newm;
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
   }  
     for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   /* Recompute Inverse */      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];      }
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);  
      cov[1]=1.;
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");   
    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;      newm=savm;
     x[j]=1;      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);       cov[2]=agefin;
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    
       y[i][j]=x[i];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
     }        }
     printf("\n");        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
   }          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   */  
         /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
   free_vector(x,1,npar);      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);      savm=oldm;
       oldm=newm;
       maxmax=0.;
 }      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
         min=1.;
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/        max=0.;
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
 {          sumnew=0;
   int i;          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
   int l=1, lmax=20;          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
   double k1,k2;          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
   double res;        }
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;        maxmin=max-min;
   double fx;        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
   int k=0,kmax=10;      }
   double l1;      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
         return prlim;
   fx=func(x);      }
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];    }
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  }
     l1=pow(10,l);  
     delts=delt;  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){  
       delt = delta*(l1*k);  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;  {
       k1=func(p2)-fx;    double s1, s2;
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;    /*double t34;*/
       k2=func(p2)-fx;    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */  
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
              for(j=1; j<i;j++){
 #ifdef DEBUG          for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);            /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
 #endif  /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */          }
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){          ps[i][j]=s2;
         k=kmax;  /*      printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
       }        }
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;          for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
       }            s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){  /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2); */
         delts=delt;          }
       }          ps[i][j]=s2;
     }        }
   }      }
   delti[theta]=delts;      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
   return res;      
        for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
 }        s1=0;
         for(j=1; j<i; j++)
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
 {        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   int i;          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;        ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;        for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];          ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   int k;        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
           ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   fx=func(x);        /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {      } /* end i */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];      
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;      for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;        for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
     k1=func(p2)-fx;          ps[ii][jj]=0;
            ps[ii][ii]=1;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;        }
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;      }
     k2=func(p2)-fx;      
    
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  /*        for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  /*       for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
     k3=func(p2)-fx;  /*         printf("ddd %lf ",ps[ii][jj]); */
    /*       } */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  /*       printf("\n "); */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  /*        } */
     k4=func(p2)-fx;  /*        printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]); */
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */         /*
 #ifdef DEBUG        for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);        goto end;*/
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);      return ps;
 #endif  }
   }  
   return res;  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
 }  
   double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/  {
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
 {       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
   int i,imax,j,k;    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
   double big,dum,sum,temp;       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   double *vv;       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
      long i, j, k;
   vv=vector(1,n);    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
   *d=1.0;      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
     big=0.0;          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)  
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;    return out;
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");  }
     vv[i]=1.0/big;  
   }  
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {  
       sum=a[i][j];  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  {
       a[i][j]=sum;    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
     }       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
     big=0.0;       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
       sum=a[i][j];       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];       for the memory).
       a[i][j]=sum;       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {       included manually here. 
         big=dum;  
         imax=i;       */
       }  
     }    int i, j, d, h, k;
     if (j != imax) {    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {    double **newm;
         dum=a[imax][k];  
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
         a[j][k]=dum;    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       }      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       *d = -(*d);        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       vv[imax]=vv[j];        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     }      }
     indx[j]=imax;    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
     if (j != n) {      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);        newm=savm;
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     }        cov[1]=1.;
   }        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
 ;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
 }          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
 {  
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;  
   double sum;        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
          /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
     ip=indx[i];                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     sum=b[ip];        savm=oldm;
     b[ip]=b[i];        oldm=newm;
     if (ii)      }
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
     else if (sum) ii=i;        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
     b[i]=sum;          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
   }          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {           */
     sum=b[i];        }
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];    } /* end h */
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];    return po;
   }  }
 }  
   
 /************ Frequencies ********************/  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)  double func( double *x)
 {  /* Some frequencies */  {
      int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
   int first;    double **out;
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   double *pp;    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;    int s1, s2;
   FILE *ficresp;    double bbh, survp;
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];    long ipmx;
      /*extern weight */
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {    */
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);    cov[1]=1.;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);  
     exit(0);    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
   }  
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);    if(mle==1){
   j1=0;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   j=cptcoveff;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
             for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   first=1;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
               savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){            }
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       j1++;            newm=savm;
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
         scanf("%d", i);*/            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)                cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)              }
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
                  savm=oldm;
       dateintsum=0;            oldm=newm;
       k2cpt=0;          } /* end mult */
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        
         bool=1;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
         if  (cptcovn>0) {          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
               bool=0;           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
         }           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
         if (bool==1) {           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. Then we inter(extra)polate the
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);           * from savm to out if bh is negative or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
               if (m<lastpass) {           */
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
               }          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
                        /* bias bh is positive if real duration
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;           */
                 k2cpt++;          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
               }          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
             }            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known 
           }               then the contribution to the likelihood is the probability to 
         }               die between last step unit time and current  step unit time, 
       }               which is also equal to probability to die before dh 
                       minus probability to die before dh-stepm . 
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
           as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
       if  (cptcovn>0) {          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");          (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
       }          introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
                and month of death but the probability to survive from last
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
         if(i==(int)agemax+3){          probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
           fprintf(ficlog,"Total");          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
         }else{          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
           if(first==1){          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
             first=0;          lower mortality.
             printf("See log file for details...\n");            */
           }            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);  
         }  
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          } else if  (s2==-2) {
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];              survp += out[s1][j];
         }            lli= survp;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          }
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)          
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];          else if  (s2==-4) {
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){            for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
             if(first==1){              survp += out[s1][j];
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);            lli= survp;
             }          }
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);          
           }else{          else if  (s2==-5) {
             if(first==1)            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++) 
               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);              survp += out[s1][j];
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);            lli= survp;
           }          }
         }  
   
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          else{
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
         }          } 
           /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
           pos += pp[jk];          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          ipmx +=1;
           if(pos>=1.e-5){          sw += weight[i];
             if(first==1)          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);        } /* end of wave */
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);      } /* end of individual */
           }else{    }  else if(mle==2){
             if(first==1)      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           if( i <= (int) agemax){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
             if(pos>=1.e-5){              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;            }
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
             }            newm=savm;
             else            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
           }              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         }            }
                    out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)            savm=oldm;
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {            oldm=newm;
             if(first==1)          } /* end mult */
               printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);        
               fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
             }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         if(i <= (int) agemax)          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
         if(first==1)          ipmx +=1;
           printf("Others in log...\n");          sw += weight[i];
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
       }        } /* end of wave */
     }      } /* end of individual */
   }    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   fclose(ficresp);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
                oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   /* End of Freq */              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 }            }
           for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
 /************ Prevalence ********************/            newm=savm;
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
 {  /* Some frequencies */            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
                cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;            }
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   double *pp;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   double pos, k2;            savm=oldm;
             oldm=newm;
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);          } /* end mult */
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        
            s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   j1=0;          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
            lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   j=cptcoveff;          ipmx +=1;
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}          sw += weight[i];
            ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){        } /* end of wave */
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){      } /* end of individual */
       j1++;    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
            for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
                    oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         bool=1;            }
         if  (cptcovn>0) {          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)            newm=savm;
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
               bool=0;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         }              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         if (bool==1) {            }
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){          
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;            savm=oldm;
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;            oldm=newm;
               if (m<lastpass) {          } /* end mult */
                 if (calagedate>0)        
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
                 else          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
               }          }else{
             }            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
           }          }
         }          ipmx +=1;
       }          sw += weight[i];
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)        } /* end of wave */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];      } /* end of individual */
         }    }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
                    for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];            }
         }          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
                    newm=savm;
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
                    for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){                  cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
           if( i <= (int) agemax){            }
             if(pos>=1.e-5){          
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
             }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           }            savm=oldm;
         }/* end jk */            oldm=newm;
       }/* end i */          } /* end mult */
     } /* end i1 */        
   } /* end k1 */          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);          ipmx +=1;
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);          sw += weight[i];
            ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
 }  /* End of Freq */          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
         } /* end of wave */
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/      } /* end of individual */
     } /* End of if */
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
 {    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).    return -l;
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i  }
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]  
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
      */  double funcone( double *x)
   {
   int i, mi, m;    /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
   int first;    double **out;
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   double sum=0.;    double llt;
   first=0;    int s1, s2;
   jmin=1e+5;    double bbh, survp;
   jmax=-1;    /*extern weight */
   jmean=0.;    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
     mi=0;    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
     m=firstpass;      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){    */
       if(s[m][i]>=1)    cov[1]=1.;
         mw[++mi][i]=m;  
       if(m >=lastpass)    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
         break;  
       else    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         m++;      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     }/* end while */      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
          /* Only death is a correct wave */            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       mw[mi][i]=m;          }
     }        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
           newm=savm;
     wav[i]=mi;          cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     if(mi==0){          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       if(first==0){            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);          }
         first=1;          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       }                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       if(first==1){          savm=oldm;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);          oldm=newm;
       }        } /* end mult */
     } /* end mi==0 */        
   }        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){        /* bias is positive if real duration
       if (stepm <=0)         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
         dh[mi][i]=1;         */
       else{        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {        } else if (mle==1){
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */        } else if(mle==2){
           k=k+1;          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;        } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
           sum=sum+j;        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
           }        } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
         }          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
         else{        } /* End of if */
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));        ipmx +=1;
           k=k+1;        sw += weight[i];
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;  /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */        if(globpr){
           sum=sum+j;          fprintf(ficresilk,"%9d %6d %1d %1d %1d %1d %3d %10.6f %6.4f\
         }   %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f ", \
         jk= j/stepm;                  num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
         jl= j -jk*stepm;                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
         if(jl <= -ju)            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
           dh[mi][i]=jk;            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
         else          }
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)        }
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */      } /* end of wave */
       }    } /* end of individual */
     }    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
   }    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
   jmean=sum/k;    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);      gipmx=ipmx;
  }      gsw=sw;
     }
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/    return -l;
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)  }
 {  
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;  
   int cptcode=0;  /*************** function likelione ***********/
   cptcoveff=0;  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
    {
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;       the selection of individuals/waves and
        to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {       Plotting could be done.
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {     */
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);    int k;
       Ndum[ij]++;  
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;      strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
     }      strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
       if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
     }      }
     ij=1;      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
       fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight 2wlli out sav ");
       /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;    }
            
           ij++;    *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
         }    if(*globpri !=0){
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;      fclose(ficresilk);
       }        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
     }      fflush(fichtm); 
   }      } 
     return;
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;  }
   
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {  
    ij=Tvar[i];  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
    Ndum[ij]++;  
  }  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
   {
  ij=1;    int i,j, iter;
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {    double **xi;
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){    double fret;
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
      ij++;    /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
    }    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
  }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
        for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
  cptcoveff=ij-1;        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 }    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
     strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
     if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
 {    }
   /* Health expectancies */    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   double age, agelim, hf;      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   double *xp;  
   double **gp, **gm;    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;  
   int theta;    fclose(ficrespow);
     printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   xp=vector(1,npar);    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);  }
    
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  {
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    double **hess;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    int i, j,jk;
     int *indx;
   if(estepm < stepm){  
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   }    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   else  hstepm=estepm;      void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example    double gompertz(double p[]);
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear  
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */     
        hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */      
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.      /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim          printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.    }
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size    
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it        if (j>i) { 
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j,func,npar);
   */          
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
           /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
   agelim=AGESUP;        }
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      }
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */    }
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);    printf("\n");
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/  
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);    
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     x=vector(1,npar);
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored    indx=ivector(1,npar);
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);        for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
      ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */      x[j]=1;
       lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      }
       }    }
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    
      printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
       cptj=0;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
           cptj=cptj+1;        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;      }
           }      printf("\n");
         }      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       }    }
        
          /* Recompute Inverse */
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
        
       cptj=0;    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
           cptj=cptj+1;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){      x[j]=1;
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
           }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         }        y[i][j]=x[i];
       }        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){      }
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];      printf("\n");
         }      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
      }    }
        */
 /* End theta */  
     free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(x,1,npar);
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];  
        }
   
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)  double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;  {
     int i;
      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);    int l=1, lmax=20;
      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);    double k1,k2;
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){    double res;
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);    double fx;
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)    int k=0,kmax=10;
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)    double l1;
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;  
       }    fx=func(x);
     }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     /* Computing expectancies */    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      l1=pow(10,l);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      delts=delt;
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;        delt = delta*(l1*k);
                  p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/        k1=func(p2)-fx;
         p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
         }        k2=func(p2)-fx;
         /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
     cptj=0;        
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  #ifdef DEBUG
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         cptj++;        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );  #endif
       }        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
              k=kmax;
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);        }
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);        }
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
   }          delts=delt;
   printf("\n");        }
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");      }
     }
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    delti[theta]=delts;
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    return res; 
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);  }
 }  
   double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
 /************ Variance ******************/  {
 void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased)    int i;
 {    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
   /* Variance of health expectancies */    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   /* double **newm;*/    int k;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  
   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;    fx=func(x);
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
   int k, cptcode;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   double *xp;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */      k1=func(p2)-fx;
   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */    
   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
   double ***p3mat;      k2=func(p2)-fx;
   double age,agelim, hf;    
   int theta;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
   char digit[4];      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
   char digitp[16];      k3=func(p2)-fx;
     
   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
   if(popbased==1)      k4=func(p2)-fx;
     strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-");      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
   else  #ifdef DEBUG
     strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
   strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev");  #endif
   sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);    }
   /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/    return res;
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */  }
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not */  
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
   if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);  { 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);    int i,imax,j,k; 
   }    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);    double *vv; 
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);   
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");    vv=vector(1,n); 
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);    *d=1.0; 
   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);      big=0.0; 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
   }        if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    } 
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
     exit(0);        sum=a[i][j]; 
   }        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
   else{        a[i][j]=sum; 
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");      } 
   }      big=0.0; 
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);        sum=a[i][j]; 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
     exit(0);          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
   }        a[i][j]=sum; 
   else{        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing step probabilities of dying and weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");          big=dum; 
   }          imax=i; 
   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        } 
       } 
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");      if (j != imax) { 
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          dum=a[imax][k]; 
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);          a[j][k]=dum; 
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");        } 
         *d = -(*d); 
   xp=vector(1,npar);        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      } 
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      indx[j]=imax; 
   dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
   doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      if (j != n) { 
         dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
   gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
   gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      } 
   gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    } 
   trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
    ;
   if(estepm < stepm){  } 
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);  
   }  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
   else  hstepm=estepm;    { 
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.    double sum; 
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim   
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size      ip=indx[i]; 
      and note for a fixed period like k years */      sum=b[ip]; 
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the      b[ip]=b[i]; 
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it      if (ii) 
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same      else if (sum) ii=i; 
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.      b[i]=sum; 
   */    } 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
   agelim = AGESUP;      sum=b[i]; 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */    } 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  } 
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);  
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  /************ Frequencies ********************/
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[])
   {  /* Some frequencies */
     
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    int first;
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
       }    double *pp, **prop;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    FILE *ficresp;
     char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
       if (popbased==1) {    
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
       }    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
      strcat(fileresp,fileres);
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];      exit(0);
         }    }
       }    freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
       /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */    j1=0;
       for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)    j=cptcoveff;
           gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
       }      
       /* end force of mortality */    first=1;
   
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          j1++;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
            scanf("%d", i);*/
       if (popbased==1) {        for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          for (jk=-5; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
       }              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
   
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)          prop[i][m]=0;
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];        
         }        dateintsum=0;
       }        k2cpt=0;
       /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){          bool=1;
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)          if  (cptcovn>0) {
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
       }                  if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
       /* end force of mortality */                bool=0;
           }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */          if (bool==1){
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
         }              /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
         gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
       }                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
                 if (m<lastpass) {
     } /* End theta */                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */                }
                 
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)                  k2cpt++;
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];                }
                 /*}*/
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */            }
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          }
         trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];        }
          
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  fprintf(ficresp, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)        if  (cptcovn>0) {
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){        }
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)        
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
       }          if(i==iagemax+3){
     }            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
           }else{
     /* pptj */            if(first==1){
     matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);              first=0;
     matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);              printf("See log file for details...\n");
     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)            }
       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
         varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];          }
     /* end ppptj */          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);              for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
     prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
            }
     if (popbased==1) {          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
         prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
     }            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
                  if(first==1){
     /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
     for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){              }
       for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
         gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];            }else{
     }                  if(first==1)
     /* end force of mortality */                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);            }
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){          }
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));  
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
       }              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
     }          }       
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");          for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             pos += pp[jk];
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );            posprop += prop[jk][i];
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);            if(pos>=1.e-5){
       }              if(first==1)
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);            }else{
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);              if(first==1)
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   } /* End age */            }
   free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);            if( i <= iagemax){
   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);              if(pos>=1.e-5){
   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/                /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */              }
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");              else
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);            }
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);          }
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);          
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
               if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);              if(first==1)
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);              }
   free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);          if(i <= iagemax)
   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);          if(first==1)
   fclose(ficgp);            printf("Others in log...\n");
   fclose(fichtm);          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
 }      }
     }
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)   
 {    fclose(ficresp);
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */    free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
   double **newm;    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    /* End of Freq */
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;  }
   int k, cptcode;  
   double *xp;  /************ Prevalence ********************/
   double *gp, *gm;  void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
   double **gradg, **trgradg;  {  
   double age,agelim;    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
   int theta;       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
           We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");    */
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");   
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    double *pp, **prop;
     double pos,posprop; 
   xp=vector(1,npar);    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    int iagemin, iagemax;
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
      iagemin= (int) agemin;
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    iagemax= (int) agemax;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
   agelim = AGESUP;    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    j1=0;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;    
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */    j=cptcoveff;
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);    
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        j1++;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */        
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
       }          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);            prop[i][m]=0.0;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)       
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
              bool=1;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */          if  (cptcovn>0) {
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)                bool=0;
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];          } 
           if (bool==1) { 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
     } /* End theta */              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
                 if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
                 if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];                  prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
                   prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)                } 
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;              }
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);            } /* end selection of waves */
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);          }
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        }
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
           
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );          for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));          } 
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");  
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);            if( i <=  iagemax){ 
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);              if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
   } /* End age */              } 
             } 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          }/* end jk */ 
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        }/* end i */ 
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      } /* end i1 */
     } /* end k1 */
 }    
     /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
 void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
 {  }  /* End of prevalence */
   int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;  
   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   int k=0,l, cptcode;  
   int first=1, first1;  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2;  {
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
   double *xp;       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
   double *gp, *gm;       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
   double **gradg, **trgradg;       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
   double **mu;       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];       */
   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */  
   int theta;    int i, mi, m;
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];    int first;
     int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
   double ***varpij;    double sum=0.;
     first=0;
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");    jmin=1e+5;
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);    jmax=-1;
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {    jmean=0.;
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);      mi=0;
   }      m=firstpass;
   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov");      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);        if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5)
   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {          mw[++mi][i]=m;
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);        if(m >=lastpass)
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);          break;
   }        else
   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor");          m++;
   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);      }/* end while */
   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
   }           /* Only death is a correct wave */
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);        mw[mi][i]=m;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);      }
   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);      wav[i]=mi;
   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);      if(mi==0){
   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);        nbwarn++;
          if(first==0){
   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");          printf("Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");          first=1;
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");        }
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");        if(first==1){
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");        }
       } /* end mi==0 */
     } /* End individuals */
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);        if (stepm <=0)
       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);          dh[mi][i]=1;
     }          else{
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");              j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
   xp=vector(1,npar);              if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);              else if(j<0){
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));                nberr++;
   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);                j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
   first=1;                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {                fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);                fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);              }
     exit(0);              k=k+1;
   }              if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
   else{              if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");              sum=sum+j;
   }              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {              /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);            }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);          }
     exit(0);          else{
   }            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
   else{  /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");  
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");            k=k+1;
             if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
     fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
             if(j<0){
   }              nberr++;
               printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
   cov[1]=1;            }
   tj=cptcoveff;            sum=sum+j;
   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}          }
   j1=0;          jk= j/stepm;
   for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){          jl= j -jk*stepm;
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
       j1++;          if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
                  if(jl==0){
       if  (cptcovn>0) {              dh[mi][i]=jk;
         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");              bh[mi][i]=0;
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
         fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);              bh[mi][i]=ju;
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");            }
                  }else{
         fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");            if(jl <= -ju){
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);              dh[mi][i]=jk;
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
                                           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
                                           */
         fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");            }
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);            else{
         fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
                      bh[mi][i]=ju;
         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");                }
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");                  dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
       }              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
                    /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){            }
         cov[2]=age;          } /* end if mle */
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {        }
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];      } /* end wave */
         }    }
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    jmean=sum/k;
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
           }
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  {
        
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    int cptcode=0;
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    cptcoveff=0; 
             
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
              for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
           k=0;  
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
               k=k+1;                                 modality*/ 
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
             }        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
           }        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
                  if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
          }
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);  
           k=0;      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      }
               k=k+1;  
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];      ij=1; 
             }      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
           }        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
                if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];              /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
         }            
             ij++;
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)          }
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        }  
              } 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    }  
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);  
           for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);  
           for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
         k=0;     /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){     ij=Tvar[i];
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){     Ndum[ij]++;
             k=k+1;   }
             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];  
           }   ij=1;
         }   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];       ij++;
      }
         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);   }
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){   
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
        fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));  }
      }*/  
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);  
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov,char strstart[] )
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);  
   {
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)    /* Health expectancies */
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){    double age, agelim, hf;
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
         }    double *xp;
         i=0;    double **gp, **gm;
         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){    int theta;
             i=i++;  
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);    xp=vector(1,npar);
             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));    
             }    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Local time at start: %s", strstart);
           }    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
         }/* end of loop for state */    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
       } /* end of loop for age */    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
       /*    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");  
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");    if(estepm < stepm){
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);    }
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
       */     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
       first1=1;     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
       for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
         for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
           if(l1==k1) continue;     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
           i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
           for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){  
             for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
               if(l2==k2) continue;    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
               j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
               if(j<=i) continue;       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
                 if ((int)age %5==0){       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */    */
                   lc1=(v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12));    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
                   lc2=(v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12));  
                   if(first1==1){    agelim=AGESUP;
                     first1=0;    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
                     printf("Var %.4e %.4e cov %.4e Eigen %.3e %.3e\nOthers in log...\n",v1,v2,cv12,lc1,lc2);      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
                   }      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Var %.4e %.4e cov %.4e Eigen %.3e %.3e\n",v1,v2,cv12,lc1,lc2);      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
                   /* Eigen vectors */      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
                   v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11);      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
                   v12=-v21;      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
                   v22=v11;      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
                   /*printf(fignu*/      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */  
                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v21*lc2*sin(t) */      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
                   if(first==1){         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
                     first=0;      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;set nolabel");   
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k2,l2,k1,l1);  
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k2,l2,k1,l1,optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1,optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);  
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);      /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);  
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu2,mu1);       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k2,l2,k1,l1);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
                     /*              fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) t \"%d\"",\          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \        }
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),(int) age);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
                     */    
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\        cptj=0;
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2));          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
                   }else{            cptj=cptj+1;
                     first=0;            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k2,l2,k1,l1);              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu2,mu1);            }
                     /*          }
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) t \"%d\"",\        }
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \       
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),(int) age);       
                     */        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2));        
                   }/* if first */        cptj=0;
                 } /* age mod 5 */        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
               } /* end loop age */          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);            cptj=cptj+1;
               first=1;            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             } /*l12 */  
           } /* k12 */              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
         } /*l1 */            }
       }/* k1 */          }
     } /* loop covariates */        }
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);          }
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);       } 
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);     
   }  /* End theta */
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  
   fclose(ficresprob);       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
   fclose(ficresprobcov);  
   fclose(ficresprobcor);       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
   fclose(ficgp);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
   fclose(fichtm);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
 }            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
        
   
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/       for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
                   int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\  
                   int popforecast, int estepm ,\       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
   }              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
         }
    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n      }
  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n      /* Computing expectancies */
  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months):          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
    <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
   jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);            
   /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
 fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");  
           }
  m=cptcoveff;  
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       cptj=0;
  jj1=0;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){          cptj++;
      jj1++;          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
      if (cptcovn > 0) {        }
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)     
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
      }      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
      /* Pij */      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
 <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);        }
      /* Quasi-incidences */    printf("\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);  
        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
        }  }
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {  
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>  /************ Variance ******************/
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[])
      }  {
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and    /* Variance of health expectancies */
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);    /* double **newm;*/
    } /* end i1 */    double **dnewm,**doldm;
  }/* End k1 */    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
     int k, cptcode;
     double *xp;
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
  - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n    double ***p3mat;
  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n    double age,agelim, hf;
  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);    double ***mobaverage;
     int theta;
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n    char digit[4];
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n    char digitp[25];
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n  
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
  else  
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);    if(popbased==1){
 fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");      if(mobilav!=0)
         strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
  m=cptcoveff;      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    }
     else 
  jj1=0;      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){  
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    if (mobilav!=0) {
      jj1++;      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
      if (cptcovn > 0) {      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);      }
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");    }
      }  
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
      }    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
    } /* end i1 */    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
  }/* End k1 */    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
 fclose(fichtm);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
 }    }
     printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/   
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
   int ng;    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   }        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
     }  
 #ifdef windows    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
 #endif    /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
  /* 1eme*/  /*   } */
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {   fprintf(ficresvij, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
     fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
 #ifdef windows    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
 #endif        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
 #ifdef unix    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);  
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres);    xp=vector(1,npar);
 #endif    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");  
 }    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    
 }    if(estepm < stepm){
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    }
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    else  hstepm=estepm;   
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
 }      /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
 #ifdef unix       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n");       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
 #endif       and note for a fixed period like k years */
    }    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
   }       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
   /*2 eme*/       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);    */
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
        agelim = AGESUP;
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       k=2*i;      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
 }        gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");  
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);  
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        }
 }          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        if (popbased==1) {
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          if(mobilav ==0){
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 }                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     }              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   }          }
          }
   /*3eme*/    
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);          }
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);        }
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);           as a weighted average of prlim.
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);        */
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
             gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
 */        }    
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {        /* end probability of death */
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);  
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
       }          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     }        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   }        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     
   /* CV preval stat */        if (popbased==1) {
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {          if(mobilav ==0){
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       k=3;              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)          }
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);        }
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);  
              for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;          }
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);        }
       }        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);             computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
     }           as a weighted average of prlim.
   }          */
          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   /* proba elementaires */          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){        }    
       if (k != i) {        /* end probability of death */
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){  
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
           jk++;          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
         }          }
       }  
     }        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
    }          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
         }
    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/  
      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {      } /* End theta */
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng);  
        if (ng==2)      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");  
        else      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
        i=1;            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {  
          k3=i;      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
            if (k != k2){          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
              if(ng==2)    
                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);  
              else      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
              ij=1;        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {  
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
                  ij++;        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
                }          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
                else          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
              }            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
                      }
              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){        }
                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);    
                ij=1;      /* pptj */
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                    ij++;        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
                  }          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
                  else      /* end ppptj */
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);      /*  x centered again */
                }      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
                fprintf(ficgp,")");      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
              }   
              fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);      if (popbased==1) {
              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");        if(mobilav ==0){
              i=i+ncovmodel;          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
            }            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
          } /* end k */        }else{ /* mobilav */ 
        } /* end k2 */          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
      } /* end jk */            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
    } /* end ng */        }
    fclose(ficgp);      }
 }  /* end gnuplot */               
       /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
          computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
 /*************** Moving average **************/         as a weighted average of prlim.
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){      */
       for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   int i, cpt, cptcod;        for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      }    
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)      /* end probability of death */
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;  
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];        }
           }      } 
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
         }  
       }      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
     }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
 }          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
         }
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
 /************** Forecasting ******************/      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   int *popage;      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;    } /* End age */
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   double ***p3mat;    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
  agelim=AGESUP;    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
    /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
    /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
   }    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);  */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.png\";replot;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;  
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   if (mobilav==1) {    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   }    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
     free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
      fflush(ficgp);
   agelim=AGESUP;    fflush(fichtm); 
    }  /* end varevsij */
   hstepm=1;  
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, char strstart[])
   anprojmean=yp;  {
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
   mprojmean=yp;    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);    double **newm;
   jprojmean=yp;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;    int k, cptcode;
      double *xp;
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);    double *gp, *gm;
      double **gradg, **trgradg;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){    double age,agelim;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    int theta;
       k=k+1;    fprintf(ficresvpl, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart); 
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       }        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);    xp=vector(1,npar);
          dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
          doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {    
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;      if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
                nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        gm=vector(1,nlstate);
          
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
             }        }
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                        gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
                 if (mobilav==1)      
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
                 else {          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
                 }        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
                          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
               }  
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
                              } /* End theta */
               }  
             }      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
           }  
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         }        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
       }          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
     }  
   }      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
                varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
   fclose(ficresf);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
 }        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
 /************** Forecasting ******************/  
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
   int *popage;      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   agelim=AGESUP;    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
    
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);  }
    
    /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);  {
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);    int k=0,l, cptcode;
   }    int first=1, first1;
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp;
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;    double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
   if (mobilav==1) {    double **mu;
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
   }    int theta;
     char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
    
   agelim=AGESUP;    double ***varpij;
    
   hstepm=1;    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
      if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
   if (popforecast==1) {      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);    }
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
     }    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
        }
     i=1;      strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
        if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
     imx=i;      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
   }    }
     printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
       k=k+1;    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    fprintf(ficresprob, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
       }    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");    fprintf(ficresprobcov, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
          
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){  
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                  fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        }  
           /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);   */
             }   xp=vector(1,npar);
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                  mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
                 if (mobilav==1)    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    first=1;
                 else {    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
                 }    fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
               }  
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4></li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n\
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);    file %s<br>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated\
               }  and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
             }   They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
               kk1=0.;  It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){  would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];  standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
                 }   Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];   and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
             }  To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
   
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    cov[1]=1;
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);    tj=cptcoveff;
           }    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    j1=0;
         }    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
       }      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
          j1++;
   /******/        if  (cptcovn>0) {
           fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);            fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
                    
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);            fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {          
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);          fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
             }          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {          fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;          
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                        fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];              for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
               }          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        }
             }        
           }        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          cov[2]=age;
         }          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
       }            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
    }          }
   }          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
            for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           
   if (popforecast==1) {          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   }      
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
   fclose(ficrespop);              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
 }            
             pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
 /***********************************************/            
 /**************** Main Program *****************/            k=0;
 /***********************************************/            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
               for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])                k=k+1;
 {                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;            }
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;            
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
   double fret;      
   double **xi,tmp,delta;            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
             k=0;
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
   double ***p3mat;              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   int *indx;                k=k+1;
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];              }
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;            }
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */       
   int c,  h , cpt,l;            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
   int ju,jl, mi;              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;          }
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;  
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
   int hstepm, nhstepm;            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
           
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
   double ftolpl=FTOL;          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
   double **prlim;          free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   double *severity;          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */          free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   double  *p;          free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */  
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
   double *delti; /* Scale */          
   double ***eij, ***vareij;          k=0;
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
   double *epj, vepp;            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   double kk1, kk2;              k=k+1;
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
              }
           }
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
             for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
               varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
   char z[1]="c", occ;  
 #include <sys/time.h>          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
 #include <time.h>            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
              fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
   /* long total_usecs;            }*/
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;  
            fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   getcwd(pathcd, size);          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   
   printf("\n%s",version);          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
   if(argc <=1){            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
     scanf("%s",pathtot);            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
   }            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
   else{          }
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);          i=0;
   }          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);              i=i++;
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
   chdir(path);              }
   replace(pathc,path);            }
           }/* end of loop for state */
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/        } /* end of loop for age */
   
   /* Log file */        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
   strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);        /*
   strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
   if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
     printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
     goto end;          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
   }          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");        */
   fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);  
   fflush(ficlog);        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
         first1=1;
   /* */        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
   strcpy(fileres,"r");          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);            if(l2==k2) continue;
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
             for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
   /*---------arguments file --------*/              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                 if(l1==k1) continue;
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);                if(i<=j) continue;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
     goto end;                  if ((int)age %5==0){
   }                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
   strcpy(filereso,"o");                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
   strcat(filereso,fileres);                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
     goto end;                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
   }                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     /* Eigen vectors */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                    v12=-v21;
     puts(line);                    v22=v11;
     fputs(line,ficparo);                    tnalp=v21/v11;
   }                    if(first1==1){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                      first1=0;
                       printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);                    }
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);                    /*printf(fignu*/
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                    if(first==1){
     puts(line);                      first=0;
     fputs(line,ficparo);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
   }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
                        fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
       :<a href=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">\
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);  %s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
   cptcovn=0;                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,\
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
   /* Read guess parameters */                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                    }else{
     puts(line);                      first=0;
     fputs(line,ficparo);                      fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
   }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){                    }/* if first */
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);                  } /* age mod 5 */
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);                } /* end loop age */
       if(mle==1)                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);                first=1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);              } /*l12 */
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){            } /* k12 */
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);          } /*l1 */
         if(mle==1){        }/* k1 */
           printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);      } /* loop covariates */
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);    }
         }    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         else    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);    fclose(ficresprob);
       }    fclose(ficresprobcov);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    fclose(ficresprobcor);
       if(mle==1)    fflush(ficgp);
         printf("\n");    fflush(fichtmcov);
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  }
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  
     }  
    /******************* Printing html file ***********/
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
   p=param[1][1];                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
                      int popforecast, int estepm ,\
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><a href='#firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a>\n \
     fputs(line,ficparo);     <li><a href='#secondorder'>Result files (second order (variance)</a>\n \
   }  </ul>");
   ungetc(c,ficpar);     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4><a name='firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a></h4>\n \
    - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n ",
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);             jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirf2(fileres,"p"),subdirf2(fileres,"p"));
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */     fprintf(fichtm,"\
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){             stepm,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),subdirf2(fileres,"pij"));
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);     fprintf(fichtm,"\
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);   - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);             subdirf2(fileres,"pl"),subdirf2(fileres,"pl"));
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){     fprintf(fichtm,"\
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): \
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);     <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);             estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),subdirf2(fileres,"e"));
       }  
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
       printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");   m=cptcoveff;
     }   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   }  
   delti=delti3[1][1];   jj1=0;
     for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){       jj1++;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
     puts(line);         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
     fputs(line,ficparo);           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
   }         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
   ungetc(c,ficpar);       }
         /* Pij */
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: %s%d1.png<br> \
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){  <img src=\"%s%d1.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1);     
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);       /* Quasi-incidences */
     if(mle==1)       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
       printf("%s",str);   before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: %s%d2.png<br> \
     fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);  <img src=\"%s%d2.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1); 
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br> \
       if(mle==1){  <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1);
         printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);         }
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
       }          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br> \
       else  <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);       }
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);     } /* end i1 */
     }   }/* End k1 */
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
     if(mle==1)  
       printf("\n");  
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");   fprintf(fichtm,"\
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  \n<br><li><h4> <a name='secondorder'>Result files (second order: variances)</a></h4>\n\
   }   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n", rfileres,rfileres);
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)  
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)   fprintf(fichtm," - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];           subdirf2(fileres,"prob"),subdirf2(fileres,"prob"));
       fprintf(fichtm,"\
   if(mle==1)   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
     printf("\n");           subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"));
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/           subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"));
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */   fprintf(fichtm,"\
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/   - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */           estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"v"),subdirf2(fileres,"v"));
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */   fprintf(fichtm,"\
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;           subdirf2(fileres,"t"),subdirf2(fileres,"t"));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;   fprintf(fichtm,"\
     }   - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);           subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"));
      
     /*-------- data file ----------*/  /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {  /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;  /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;  /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
     }  /*  else  */
   /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
     n= lastobs;   fflush(fichtm);
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);   fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);  
     num=ivector(1,n);   m=cptcoveff;
     moisnais=vector(1,n);   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     annais=vector(1,n);  
     moisdc=vector(1,n);   jj1=0;
     andc=vector(1,n);   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
     agedc=vector(1,n);     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     cod=ivector(1,n);       jj1++;
     weight=vector(1,n);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);           }
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
   prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br>\
     i=1;  <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1);  
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {       }
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
          health expectancies in states (1) and (2): %s%d.png<br>\
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){  <img src=\"%s%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);     } /* end i1 */
           strcpy(line,stra);   }/* End k1 */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);   fflush(fichtm);
         }  }
          
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){  /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
         }  /*   } */
         num[i]=atol(stra);  
            /*#ifdef windows */
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){    fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/      /*#endif */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
         i=i+1;  
       }    strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     }    strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);   /* 1eme*/
        scanf("%d",i);*/    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,k1);
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){       fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;  set ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;  set ter png small\n\
     }*/  set size 0.65,0.65\n\
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;  
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
           if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/       }
   Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   Tage=ivector(1,15);             } 
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1); 
   if (strlen(model) >1){       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     j=nbocc(model,'+');         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');       }  
     cptcovn=j+1;       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",subdirf2(fileres,"p"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
     cptcovprod=j1;     }
        }
     strcpy(modelsav,model);    /*2 eme*/
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){    
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),k1);
       goto end;      fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
     }      
          for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){        k=2*i;
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyze it */        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */        }   
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
           cptcovprod--;        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           cptcovage++;          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;        }   
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
         }        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           cptcovprod--;          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);        }   
           cptcovage++;        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
         }      }
         else {  /* Age is not in the model */    }
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/    
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;    /*3eme*/
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */    
           Tprod[k1]=i;    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */        k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,k1);
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\n\
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)  set size 0.65,0.65\n\
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
           k1++;        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           k2=k2+2;          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
         }          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
       }          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
       else { /* no more sum */          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/          
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');        */
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
       }          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);            
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);        } 
         scanf("%d",i);*/      }
     } /* end of loop + */    }
   } /* end model */    
      /* CV preval stable (period) */
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);      for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);        k=3;
   scanf("%d ",i);*/        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,k1);
     fclose(fic);        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n\
     /*  if(mle==1){*/  unset log y\n\
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;        
     }        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
         
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {        fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
          anint[m][i]=9999;          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
          s[m][i]=-1;          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
        }        }
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
       }      } 
     }    }  
     
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    /* proba elementaires */
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){        if (k != i) {
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             if(agedc[i]>0)            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)            jk++; 
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];            fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/          }
            else {        }
               if (andc[i]!=9999){      }
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);     }
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);  
               agev[m][i]=-1;     for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
               }       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
             }         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jk,ng); 
           }         if (ng==2)
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);         else
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
               agev[m][i]=1;         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){         i=1;
               agemin=agev[m][i];         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/           k3=i;
             }           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){             if (k != k2){
               agemax=agev[m][i];               if(ng==2)
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/                 fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
             }               else
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/                 fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/               ij=1;
           }               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
           else { /* =9 */                 if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
             agev[m][i]=1;                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
             s[m][i]=-1;                   ij++;
           }                 }
         }                 else
         else /*= 0 Unknown */                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
           agev[m][i]=1;               }
       }               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
                   
     }               for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){                 ij=1;
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);                     if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);                       fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
           goto end;                     ij++;
         }                   }
       }                   else
     }                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                  }
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
  fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);               }
                fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);               i=i+ncovmodel;
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);             }
     free_vector(annais,1,n);           } /* end k */
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);         } /* end k2 */
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/       } /* end jk */
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);     } /* end ng */
     free_vector(andc,1,n);     fflush(ficgp); 
   }  /* end gnuplot */
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);  
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  /*************** Moving average **************/
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
      
     /* Concatenates waves */    int i, cpt, cptcod;
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);    int modcovmax =1;
     int mobilavrange, mob;
     double age;
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);  
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);    modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
       ncodemax[1]=1;                             a covariate has 2 modalities */
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);    if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
        
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);    if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
    h=0;      if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);      else mobilavrange=mobilav;
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){          for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
            h++;         fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;         we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/      */ 
          }      for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
        }        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
      }          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
    }            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);                }
       }              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
       printf("\n");            }
       }          }
       scanf("%d",i);*/        }/* end age */
          }/* end mob */
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age    }else return -1;
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */    return 0;
   }/* End movingaverage */
      
      
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /************** Forecasting ******************/
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */       agemin, agemax range of age
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */       dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
             anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]    */
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */    int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */    int *popage;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     if(mle==1){    double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     }    double ***p3mat;
        double ***mobaverage;
     /*--------- results files --------------*/    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);  
      agelim=AGESUP;
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
    jk=1;   
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");    strcat(fileresf,fileres);
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
        if (k != i)    }
          {    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);  
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){  
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);    if (mobilav!=0) {
              fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
              jk++;        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
            }        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
            printf("\n");      }
            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    }
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");  
          }    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
      }    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
    }    if(estepm < stepm){
    if(mle==1){      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
      /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */    }
      ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */    else  hstepm=estepm;   
      hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);  
    }    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
    fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");    yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");                                 fractional in yp1 */
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");    anprojmean=yp;
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){    mprojmean=yp;
        if (j!=i) {    yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
          fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);    jprojmean=yp;
          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
          fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
            printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);    i1=cptcoveff;
            fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);    if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
            fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);    
            jk++;    fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
          }    
          printf("\n");    fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
          fprintf(ficres,"\n");  /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
        }    for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
      }      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
    }        k=k+1;
            fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
    k=1;        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
    fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");          fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
    if(mle==1)        }
      printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");        fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");        fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
    for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
      /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
          i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;            fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
          fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);          fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
          printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/        }
      fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);        for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
      if(mle==1)          fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
        printf("%3d",i);          fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
      fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);  
      for(j=1; j<=i;j++){          for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
        fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
        if(mle==1)            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
          printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
      }            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
      fprintf(ficres,"\n");          
      if(mle==1)            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
        printf("\n");              if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");                fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
      k++;                for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
    }                  fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
                    fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){              } 
      ungetc(c,ficpar);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                ppij=0.;
      puts(line);                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
      fputs(line,ficparo);                  if (mobilav==1) 
    }                    ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
    ungetc(c,ficpar);                  else {
    estepm=0;                    ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
    fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);                  }
    if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;                  if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
    if (fage <= 2) {                    fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
      bage = ageminpar;                  }
      fage = agemaxpar;                } /* end i */
    }                if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
                      fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
    fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");                }
    fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);              }/* end j */
    fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);            } /* end h */
                free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          } /* end agec */
      ungetc(c,ficpar);        } /* end yearp */
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      } /* end cptcod */
      puts(line);    } /* end  cptcov */
      fputs(line,ficparo);         
    }    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
    ungetc(c,ficpar);  
      fclose(ficresf);
    fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);  }
    fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);  
    fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);  /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
      populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    
      ungetc(c,ficpar);    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    int *popage;
      puts(line);    double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
      fputs(line,ficparo);    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
    }    double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
    ungetc(c,ficpar);    double ***mobaverage;
      char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;    tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;    tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     agelim=AGESUP;
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);    calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);      
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);      prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
      
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    strcat(filerespop,fileres);
     puts(line);    if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
     fputs(line,ficparo);      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);  
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     puts(line);        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     fputs(line,ficparo);      }
   }    }
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);    
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);    agelim=AGESUP;
     
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    hstepm=1;
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/    
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);    if (popforecast==1) {
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");      if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {        printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
   }      } 
   fclose(ficgp);      popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
  printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);      popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/      popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
       
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);      i=1;   
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");      while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {     
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);      imx=i;
   }      for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
   fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n  
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n    for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
 \n     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n        k=k+1;
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n        fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
  <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n          fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n        }
  - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n        fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);        fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
   fclose(fichtm);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
         if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
  printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);        
          for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
  chdir(path);          
            for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);              
  free_ivector(num,1,n);            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
  fclose(ficparo);          
  fclose(ficres);            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/              } 
                for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {                  if (mobilav==1) 
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;                  else {
   }                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);                  }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);                }
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");                if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");                  tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);                    /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");                      if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                  }
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);              }
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                kk1=0.;
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                  for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                    kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */                  }
   k=0;                    tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
   agebase=ageminpar;              }
   agelim=agemaxpar;  
   ftolpl=1.e-10;              if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
   i1=cptcoveff;                fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}            }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){          }
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){        }
         k=k+1;   
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/    /******/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");  
         printf("\n#******");        for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            
         }            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         printf("******\n");            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
                      if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){                fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);              } 
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");                  kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
         }                }
       }                if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
     }              }
   fclose(ficrespl);            }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/          }
          }
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);     } 
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {    }
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;   
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   }  
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);    if (popforecast==1) {
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);      free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
        free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;      free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/    }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   agelim=AGESUP;    free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    fclose(ficrespop);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */  } /* End of popforecast */
   
   /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/  int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
   k=0;    if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       k=k+1;      return (0);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");    }
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    fflush(fichier);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    return (1);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");  }
          
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */  
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  /**************** function prwizard **********************/
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
           /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/  
     /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      int i,j, k, l, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");    int numlinepar;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);    fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      jj=0;
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        if(j==i) continue;
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)        jj++;
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);        /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
              }        fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
         }          /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
     }          printf(" 0.");
   }          fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
   varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);        printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
   fclose(ficrespij);      }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/    fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){    npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);    for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);      jj=0;
   }      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
   else{        if(j==i) continue;
     erreur=108;        jj++;
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);        fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);        printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
   }        fflush(stdout);
          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/          /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
   strcpy(filerest,"t");          fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
   strcat(filerest,fileres);        }
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {        numlinepar++;
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;        printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;        fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
   }      }
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);    }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);    printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   strcpy(filerese,"e");  /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   strcat(filerese,fileres);  /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {  /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);  /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);  /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   }  /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    fflush(stdout);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   strcpy(fileresv,"v");    /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);    /* #   ...\n\ */
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {    /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);    
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);    for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
   }      jj=0;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);      for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);        for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
   calagedate=-1;          if(j==i) continue;
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
   k=0;            ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){            if(itimes==1){
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){              printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
       k=k+1;              fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");            }else{
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)              printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);              fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");              /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");            ll=0;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)            for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);              for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");                if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");                  ll++;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)                  if(ll<=jj){
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);                    cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");                    if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);                        printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;                        fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);                        }else{
                          printf(" 0.");
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);                        fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;                      }
       varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0);                    }else{
       if(popbased==1){                      if(itimes==1){
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased);                        printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
        }                        fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                          printf(" 0.");
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");                        fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);                      }
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");                    }
                   }
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);                } /* end lk */
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){              } /* end lj */
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);            } /* end li */
         if (popbased==1) {            printf("\n");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];            numlinepar++;
         }          } /* end k*/
                } /*end j */
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);      } /* end i */
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){    } /* end itimes */
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {  
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];  } /* end of prwizard */
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/  /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
           }  double gompertz(double x[])
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  { 
         }    double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)    for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)      sump=sump+weight[i];
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];      /*    sump=sump+1;*/
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));      num=num+1;
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){    }
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));   
         }   
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
       }       if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
     }  
   }    for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);      {
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);        if (cens[i]==1 & wav[i]>1)
     free_vector(weight,1,n);          A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
   fclose(ficreseij);        
   fclose(ficresvij);        if (cens[i]==0 & wav[i]>1)
   fclose(ficrest);          A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
   fclose(ficpar);               +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);        
          if (wav[i]>1 & agecens[i]>15) {
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/            L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");        }
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);      }
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);   /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
     exit(0);   
   }    return -2*L*num/sump;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);  }
   
   k=0;  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  void printinghtmlmort(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
       k=k+1;                    int imx,  double p[],double **matcov,double agemortsup){
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    int i,k;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");    fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
          for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.png\">");
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
     }  
  }  fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Life table</h4>\n <br>");
   
   fclose(ficresvpl);   fprintf(fichtm,"\nAge   l<inf>x</inf>     q<inf>x</inf> d(x,x+1)    L<inf>x</inf>     T<inf>x</inf>     e<infx</inf><br>");
   
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/   for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);     fprintf(fichtm,"%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf<br>\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
    
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);   
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    fflush(fichtm);
    }
    
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  void printinggnuplotmort(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
      int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    int ng;
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);  
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");      /*#endif */
   fclose(fichtm);  
   fclose(ficgp);  
      strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
   if(erreur >0){    fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.png\"\n "); 
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    fprintf(ficgp, "set ter png small\n set log y\n"); 
   }else{    fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n");
    printf("End of Imach\n");    fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
    fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");  
   }  } 
   printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);  
   fclose(ficlog);  
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */  
    
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/  /***********************************************/
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/  /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /*------ End -----------*/  /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  end:  {
 #ifdef windows    int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/    int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
 #endif    int jj, ll, li, lj, lk, imk;
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    int itimes;
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/    int NDIM=2;
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/  
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);    char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
  strcat(plotcmd," ");    /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);    /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
  system(plotcmd);    struct stat info;
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
 #ifdef windows    double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   while (z[0] != 'q') {  
     /* chdir(path); */    double fret;
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");    double **xi,tmp,delta;
     scanf("%s",z);  
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");    double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);    double ***p3mat;
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);    double ***mobaverage;
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);    int *indx;
   }    char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
 #endif    char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE],model[MAXLINE];
 }    char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE]; 
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     int agemortsup;
     float  sumlpop=0.;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
     char strstart[80], *strt, strtend[80];
     char *stratrunc;
     int lstra;
   
     long total_usecs;
    
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
     curr_time=start_time;
     tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tm));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       scanf("%s",pathtot);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     /* Split argv[0], imach program to get pathimach */
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s argv[1]=%s, \n",argv[0],argv[1]);
     split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s pathimach=%s, \noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
    /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
     /* Split argv[1]=pathtot, parameter file name to get path, optionfile, extension and name */
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\npathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Problem creating directory or it already exists %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
   
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       exit(0);
     }
     else if(mle==-3) {
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }
     else{
       /* Read guess parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
   
   
       p=param[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%s",str);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
       strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
       strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
         for(j=0; line[j] != '\n';j++){  /* Untabifies line */
           if(line[j] == '\t')
             line[j] = ' ';
         }
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         }
           
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         } 
         lstra=strlen(stra);
         if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
           stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
           num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
         }
         else
           num[i]=atol(stra);
           
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
           printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
         i=i+1;
       }
     }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) */
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameters from char model */
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);
     fclose(fic);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           nberr++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n",\
             fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
             imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     if (mle==-3){
       ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
       cens=ivector(1,n);
       ageexmed=vector(1,n);
       agecens=vector(1,n);
       dcwave=ivector(1,n);
    
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         dcwave[i]=-1;
         for (j=1; j<=lastpass; j++)
           if (s[j][i]>nlstate) {
             dcwave[i]=j;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];agecens[i]=1.; 
           if (ageexmed[i]>1 & wav[i]>0) agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
           cens[i]=1;
           
           if (ageexmed[i]<1) cens[i]=-1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP & agedc[i]>1 & dcwave[i]>firstpass & dcwave[i]<=lastpass) cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
   
       p[1]=0.1; p[2]=0.1;
       /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
       
       
     printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
     strcpy(filerespow,"pow-mort"); 
     strcat(filerespow,fileres);
     if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
     }
     fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
     /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
     */
     fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   
       powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, p, NDIM,delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
           printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) 
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
   
   lsurv=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       tpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lsurv[agegomp]=100000;
      
        for (k=agegomp;k<=AGESUP;k++) {
         agemortsup=k;
         if (p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp))>1) break;
       }
      
         for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++)
         lsurv[k+1]=lsurv[k]-lsurv[k]*(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)));
   
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++){
         lpop[k]=(lsurv[k]+lsurv[k+1])/2.;
         sumlpop=sumlpop+lpop[k];
       }
   
    tpop[agegomp]=sumlpop;
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-3);k++){
         /*  tpop[k+1]=2;*/
         tpop[k+1]=tpop[k]-lpop[k];
          }
      
      
          printf("\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)\n");
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
         printf("%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
   
   
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,path); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplotmort(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtmlmort(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
   
       free_vector(lsurv,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(lpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(tpop,1,AGESUP);
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 */
   
     else{ /* For mle >=1 */
     
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
       
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           if (k != i) {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       if(mle!=0){
         /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
         ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
         hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if (j!=i) {
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       if(mle>=1)
         printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
       /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
       /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
       */
       for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
         jj=0;
         for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             if(j==i) continue;
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               jj++;
               ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
               if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       estepm=0;
       fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
       if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
       if (fage <= 2) {
         bage = ageminpar;
         fage = agemaxpar;
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
       fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
       fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       
       dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
       dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
       fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         puts(line);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
       
       
       
       /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
       /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,path); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplot(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
         
      /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
      /*  chdir(path); */
    
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
       free_lvector(num,1,n);
       free_vector(agedc,1,n);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
   
   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
       strcat(filerespl,fileres);
       if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       fprintf(ficrespl, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
       agebase=ageminpar;
       agelim=agemaxpar;
       ftolpl=1.e-10;
       i1=cptcoveff;
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
           printf("\n#******");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
           printf("******\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
           for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
             for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
       strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
       fprintf(ficrespij, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
           for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
             /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                   fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
               fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
   
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
   
       fclose(ficrespij);
   
       probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=NCOVMAX;j++)
           for(k=1;k<=NCOVMAX;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
   
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
       if(prevfcast==1){
         /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
         /*      }  */
         /*      else{ */
         /*        erreur=108; */
         /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*      } */
       }
     
   
       /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
       strcpy(filerest,"t");
       strcat(filerest,fileres);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
       strcpy(filerese,"e");
       strcat(filerese,fileres);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
       strcpy(fileresv,"v");
       strcat(fileresv,fileres);
       if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
       /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
       prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
           ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       */
   
       if (mobilav!=0) {
         mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
           fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         }
       }
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1; 
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
           eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart);  
    
           vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav, strstart);
           if(popbased==1){
             varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav, strstart);
           }
   
           fprintf(ficrest, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
           fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
           for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
           epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
           for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             if (popbased==1) {
               if(mobilav ==0){
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
               }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
               }
             }
           
             fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
             for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
               for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
                 epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
                 /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
               }
               epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
             }
   
             for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                 vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
             }
             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
         }
       }
       free_vector(weight,1,n);
       free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
       free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
       free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_ivector(cod,1,n);
       free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       fclose(ficreseij);
       fclose(ficresvij);
       fclose(ficrest);
       fclose(ficpar);
     
       /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
       strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
       strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
       if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
         exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
           varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k,strstart);
           free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         }
       }
   
       fclose(ficresvpl);
   
       /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
       if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
       free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
       free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     
       free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
       free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
       /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
       free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
   
       free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
       free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
       free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
   
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
   
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&tm));
     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
   
     printf("Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     chdir(path);
   #ifndef UNIX
     /*  strcpy(plotcmd,"\""); */
   #endif
     strcpy(plotcmd,pathimach);
     /*strcat(plotcmd,CHARSEPARATOR);*/
     strcat(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
   #ifndef UNIX
     strcat(plotcmd,".exe");
     /*  strcat(plotcmd,"\"");*/
   #endif
     if(stat(plotcmd,&info)){
       printf("Error gnuplot program not found: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     }
   
   #ifndef UNIX
     strcpy(plotcmd,"\"");
   #endif
     strcat(plotcmd,pathimach);
     strcat(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
   #ifndef UNIX
     strcat(plotcmd,".exe");
     strcat(plotcmd,"\"");
   #endif
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
   
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf("\n Problem with gnuplot\n");
     }
     printf(" Wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') {
         printf("Starting browser with: %s",optionfilehtm);fflush(stdout);
         system(optionfilehtm);
       }
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
   }
   
   
   

Removed from v.1.50  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.108


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