Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.19 and 1.86

version 1.19, 2002/02/20 17:19:10 version 1.86, 2003/06/17 20:04:08
Line 1 Line 1
      /* $Id$
 /*********************** Imach **************************************            $State$
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from cross-longitudinal    $Log$
   data. Cross-longitudinal consist in a first survey ("cross") where    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
   individuals from different ages are interviewed on their health status    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
   or degree of  disability. At least a second wave of interviews    routine fileappend.
   ("longitudinal") should  measure each new individual health status.  
   Health expectancies are computed from the transistions observed between    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
   waves and are computed for each degree of severity of disability (number    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
   of life states). More degrees you consider, more time is necessary to    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
   reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
   The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
   the probabibility to be observed in state j at the second wave conditional    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
   to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore the model is:    interview.
   log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex'    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
   is a covariate. If you want to have a more complex model than "constant and    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
   age", you should modify the program where the markup    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
     *Covariates have to be included here again* invites you to do it.    truncation)
   More covariates you add, less is the speed of the convergence.    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
   
   The advantage that this computer programme claims, comes from that if the    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
   delay between waves is not identical for each individual, or if some    * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
   individual missed an interview, the information is not rounded or lost, but    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
   taken into account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
   hPijx is the probability to be    parcimony.
   observed in state i at age x+h conditional to the observed state i at age    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
   x. The delay 'h' can be split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of  
   unobserved intermediate  states. This elementary transition (by month or    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
   quarter trimester, semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.    *** empty log message ***
   The hPx matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices  
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply hPijx.    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
     Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also  
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.  */
    /*
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).     Interpolated Markov Chain
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.  
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    Short summary of the programme:
   from the European Union.    
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
   **********************************************************************/    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
      case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
 #include <math.h>    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
 #include <stdio.h>    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
 #include <stdlib.h>    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
 #include <unistd.h>    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
     Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
 #define MAXLINE 256    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
 /*#define DEBUG*/    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
 #define windows    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
     where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */    convergence.
   
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
 #define MAXN 20000    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */  
 #define AGESUP 130    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
 #define AGEBASE 40    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
     split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
     states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
 int nvar;    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
 int npar=NPARMAX;    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    hPijx.
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  
 int ncovmodel, ncov;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
 int popbased=0;    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
     
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
 int mle, weightopt;    from the European Union.
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */  
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf;    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
 FILE *ficgp, *fichtm,*ficresprob,*ficpop;    
 FILE *ficreseij;    **********************************************************************/
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];  /*
  FILE  *ficresvij;    main
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    read parameterfile
  FILE  *ficresvpl;    read datafile
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];    concatwav
     freqsummary
 #define NR_END 1    if (mle >= 1)
 #define FREE_ARG char*      mlikeli
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10    print results files
     if mle==1 
 #define NRANSI       computes hessian
 #define ITMAX 200    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
         begin-prev-date,...
 #define TOL 2.0e-4    open gnuplot file
     open html file
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660    stable prevalence
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10     for age prevalim()
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);    h Pij x
     variance of p varprob
 #define GOLD 1.618034    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
 #define GLIMIT 100.0    health expectancies
 #define TINY 1.0e-20    Variance-covariance of DFLE
     prevalence()
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;     movingaverage()
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    varevsij() 
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
      total life expectancies
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    Variance of stable prevalence
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)   end
   */
 static double sqrarg;  
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  
    
 int imx;  #include <math.h>
 int stepm;  #include <stdio.h>
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <unistd.h>
 int m,nb;  
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  #include <sys/time.h>
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  #include <time.h>
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  #include "timeval.h"
 double dateintmean=0;  
   #define MAXLINE 256
 double *weight;  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 int **s; /* Status */  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  /*#define DEBUG*/
   /*#define windows*/
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
   
 /**************** split *************************/  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name )  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
 {  
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  #define NINTERVMAX 8
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
   #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  #define MAXN 20000
    s = strrchr( path, '\\' );           /* find last / */  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */  #define AGESUP 130
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  #define AGEBASE 40
       extern char       *getwd( );  #ifdef unix
   #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 #else  #else
       extern char       *getcwd( );  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
   #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  #endif
 #endif  
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  /* $Id$ */
       }  /* $State$ */
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */  
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  char version[]="Imach version 0.95a2, June 2003, INED-EUROREVES ";
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */  int erreur; /* Error number */
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  int nvar;
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */  int npar=NPARMAX;
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
    }  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  int popbased=0;
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */  
 }  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
   int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
   int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 /******************************************/  int mle, weightopt;
   int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
 {  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
   int i;             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   int lg=20;  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   i=0;  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
   lg=strlen(t);  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
     (s[i] = t[i]);  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */
   }  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
 }  long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
 {  FILE *ficresilk;
   int i,j=0;  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
   int lg=20;  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
   i=0;  FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */
   lg=strlen(s);  FILE *ficreseij;
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;  FILE  *ficresvij;
   }  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
   return j;  FILE  *ficresvpl;
 }  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char title[MAXLINE];
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 {  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
   int i,lg,j,p=0;  
   i=0;  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
   }  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
   lg=strlen(t);  
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];
     (u[j] = t[j]);  
   }  #define NR_END 1
      u[p]='\0';  #define FREE_ARG char*
   #define FTOL 1.0e-10
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {  
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  #define NRANSI 
   }  #define ITMAX 200 
 }  
   #define TOL 2.0e-4 
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  
   #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
 {  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  #define GOLD 1.618034 
   exit(1);  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 }  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
 /*********************** vector *******************/  
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
 {  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   double *v;  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
   return v-nl+NR_END;  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
 }  
   static double sqrarg;
 /************************ free vector ******************/  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  int imx; 
 }  int stepm;
   /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
 /************************ivector *******************************/  
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)  int estepm;
 {  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   int *v;  
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  int m,nb;
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");  long *num;
   return v-nl+NR_END;  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
 }  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   double **pmmij, ***probs;
 /******************free ivector **************************/  double dateintmean=0;
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)  
 {  double *weight;
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  int **s; /* Status */
 }  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
   int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/  
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
 {  
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;  /**************** split *************************/
   int **m;  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
    {
   /* allocate pointers to rows */    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
   m -= nrl;    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
      ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
      if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");      /* get current working directory */
   m[nrl] += NR_END;      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
   m[nrl] -= ncl;      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;      }
        strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
   return m;      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
 }      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
       int **m;      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    }
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
 {    /*#ifdef windows
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));  #else
 }    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   #endif
 /******************* matrix *******************************/    */
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
 {    ss++;
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */
   double **m;    l1= strlen( name);
     l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    finame[l1-l2]= 0;
   m += NR_END;    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
   m -= nrl;  }
   
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  /******************************************/
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  void replace(char *s, char*t)
   {
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    int i;
   return m;    int lg=20;
 }    i=0;
     lg=strlen(t);
 /*************************free matrix ************************/    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)      (s[i] = t[i]);
 {      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    }
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  }
 }  
   int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/  {
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)    int i,j=0;
 {    int lg=20;
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;    i=0;
   double ***m;    lg=strlen(s);
     for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    }
   m += NR_END;    return j;
   m -= nrl;  }
   
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  {
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
   m[nrl] -= ncl;       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
        gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    int i,lg,j,p=0;
     i=0;
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;    }
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    lg=strlen(t);
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
        (u[j] = t[j]);
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {    }
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;       u[p]='\0';
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
   }      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
   return m;    }
 }  }
   
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  /********************** nrerror ********************/
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)  
 {  void nrerror(char error_text[])
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));  {
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
 }    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  /*********************** vector *******************/
 extern int ncom;  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  {
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);    double *v;
      v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 double f1dim(double x)    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
 {    return v-nl+NR_END;
   int j;  }
   double f;  
   double *xt;  /************************ free vector ******************/
    void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
   xt=vector(1,ncom);  {
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);  }
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);  
   return f;  /************************ivector *******************************/
 }  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   {
 /*****************brent *************************/    int *v;
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
 {    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   int iter;    return v-nl+NR_END;
   double a,b,d,etemp;  }
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;  
   double ftemp;  /******************free ivector **************************/
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
   double e=0.0;  {
      free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  }
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);  
   x=w=v=bx;  /************************lvector *******************************/
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {  {
     xm=0.5*(a+b);    long *v;
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);    return v-nl+NR_END;
 #ifdef DEBUG  }
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */  /******************free lvector **************************/
 #endif  void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){  {
       *xmin=x;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
       return fx;  }
     }  
     ftemp=fu;  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);  { 
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
       q=2.0*(q-r);    int **m; 
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;    
       q=fabs(q);    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
       etemp=e;    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
       e=d;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    m += NR_END; 
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    m -= nrl; 
       else {    
         d=p/q;    
         u=x+d;    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
       }    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
     } else {    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    
     }    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));    
     fu=(*f)(u);    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
     if (fu <= fx) {    return m; 
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;  } 
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
         } else {  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;        int **m;
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
             v=w;       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
             w=u;  { 
             fv=fw;    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
             fw=fu;    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {  } 
             v=u;  
             fv=fu;  /******************* matrix *******************************/
           }  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
         }  {
   }    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");    double **m;
   *xmin=x;  
   return fx;    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
 }    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
     m += NR_END;
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/    m -= nrl;
   
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
             double (*func)(double))    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
 {    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   double fu;  
      for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    return m;
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
   if (*fb > *fa) {     */
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)  }
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)  
       }  /*************************free matrix ************************/
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);  {
   while (*fb > *fc) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);  }
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/  
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {  {
       fu=(*func)(u);    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {    double ***m;
       fu=(*func)(u);  
       if (fu < *fc) {    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))    m += NR_END;
           }    m -= nrl;
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {  
       u=ulim;    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
       fu=(*func)(u);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     } else {    m[nrl] += NR_END;
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    m[nrl] -= ncl;
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     }    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)  
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
       }    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
 }    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
     m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
 /*************** linmin ************************/    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
 int ncom;    
 double *pcom,*xicom;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
        for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
 {    }
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,    return m; 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
   double f1dim(double x);             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,    */
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));  }
   int j;  
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
   double fx,fb,fa;  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
    {
   ncom=n;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
   pcom=vector(1,n);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
   xicom=vector(1,n);    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
   nrfunc=func;  }
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
     pcom[j]=p[j];  /***************** f1dim *************************/
     xicom[j]=xi[j];  extern int ncom; 
   }  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
   ax=0.0;  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   xx=1.0;   
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  double f1dim(double x) 
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);  { 
 #ifdef DEBUG    int j; 
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    double f;
 #endif    double *xt; 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {   
     xi[j] *= xmin;    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
     p[j] += xi[j];    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
   }    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);    return f; 
 }  } 
   
 /*************** powell ************************/  /*****************brent *************************/
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
             double (*func)(double []))  { 
 {    int iter; 
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,    double a,b,d,etemp;
               double (*func)(double []));    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
   int i,ibig,j;    double ftemp;
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
   double fp,fptt;    double e=0.0; 
   double *xits;   
   pt=vector(1,n);    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
   ptt=vector(1,n);    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
   xit=vector(1,n);    x=w=v=bx; 
   xits=vector(1,n);    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
   *fret=(*func)(p);    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
     fp=(*fret);      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
     ibig=0;      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
     del=0.0;      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);  #ifdef DEBUG
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
     printf("\n");      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  #endif
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
       fptt=(*fret);        *xmin=x; 
 #ifdef DEBUG        return fx; 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);      } 
 #endif      ftemp=fu;
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
         ibig=i;        q=2.0*(q-r); 
       }        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
 #ifdef DEBUG        q=fabs(q); 
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));        etemp=e; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        e=d; 
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
       }        else { 
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)          d=p/q; 
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);          u=x+d; 
       printf("\n");          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
 #endif            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
     }        } 
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {      } else { 
 #ifdef DEBUG        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
       int k[2],l;      } 
       k[0]=1;      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
       k[1]=-1;      fu=(*f)(u); 
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));      if (fu <= fx) { 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
       printf("\n");          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {          } else { 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);              v=w; 
         }              w=u; 
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));              fv=fw; 
       }              fw=fu; 
 #endif            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
               v=u; 
               fv=fu; 
       free_vector(xit,1,n);            } 
       free_vector(xits,1,n);          } 
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);    } 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
       return;    *xmin=x; 
     }    return fx; 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");  } 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];  
       pt[j]=p[j];  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
     }              double (*func)(double)) 
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);  { 
     if (fptt < fp) {    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);    double fu; 
       if (t < 0.0) {   
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];    if (*fb > *fa) { 
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
         }        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
 #ifdef DEBUG        } 
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);    while (*fb > *fc) { 
         printf("\n");      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
 #endif      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
       }      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
     }        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
   }      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
 }      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
         fu=(*func)(u); 
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
         fu=(*func)(u); 
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)        if (fu < *fc) { 
 {          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */            } 
       } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
   int i, ii,j,k;        u=ulim; 
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;        fu=(*func)(u); 
   double **matprod2();      } else { 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
   double **newm;        fu=(*func)(u); 
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */      } 
       SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        } 
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  } 
     }  
   /*************** linmin ************************/
    cov[1]=1.;  
    int ncom; 
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */  double *pcom,*xicom;
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
     newm=savm;   
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
      cov[2]=agefin;  { 
      double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    double f1dim(double x); 
         /*printf("ij=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf\n",ij, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k]);*/    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
       }                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)    int j; 
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    double fx,fb,fa;
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];   
     ncom=n; 
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/    pcom=vector(1,n); 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/    xicom=vector(1,n); 
     nrfunc=func; 
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       pcom[j]=p[j]; 
     savm=oldm;      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
     oldm=newm;    } 
     maxmax=0.;    ax=0.0; 
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){    xx=1.0; 
       min=1.;    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
       max=0.;    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {  #ifdef DEBUG
         sumnew=0;    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);  #endif
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);      xi[j] *= xmin; 
       }      p[j] += xi[j]; 
       maxmin=max-min;    } 
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
     }    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){  } 
       return prlim;  
     }  /*************** powell ************************/
   }  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
 }              double (*func)(double [])) 
   { 
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
                 double (*func)(double [])); 
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )    int i,ibig,j; 
 {    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
   double s1, s2;    double fp,fptt;
   /*double t34;*/    double *xits;
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;    pt=vector(1,n); 
     ptt=vector(1,n); 
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    xit=vector(1,n); 
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){    xits=vector(1,n); 
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    *fret=(*func)(p); 
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/      fp=(*fret); 
       }      ibig=0; 
       ps[i][j]=s2;      del=0.0; 
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
     }      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){      fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f",*iter,*fret);
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
       }        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
       ps[i][j]=(s2);      }
     }      printf("\n");
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
       for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
      s1=0;        fptt=(*fret); 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)  #ifdef DEBUG
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);  #endif
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */          ibig=i; 
   } /* end i */        } 
   #ifdef DEBUG
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
       ps[ii][jj]=0;        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       ps[ii][ii]=1;          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
     }          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
   }          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
         }
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);        }
    }        printf("\n");
     printf("\n ");        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }  #endif
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/      } 
 /*      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);  #ifdef DEBUG
   goto end;*/        int k[2],l;
     return ps;        k[0]=1;
 }        k[1]=-1;
         printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
 {          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times        }
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */        printf("\n");
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   long i, j, k;            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)          }
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
           fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   return out;        }
 }  #endif
   
   
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
         free_vector(xits,1,n); 
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
 {        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month        return; 
      duration (i.e. until      } 
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
      included manually here.        pt[j]=p[j]; 
       } 
      */      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
       if (fptt < fp) { 
   int i, j, d, h, k;        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];        if (t < 0.0) { 
   double **newm;          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
           for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){          }
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  #ifdef DEBUG
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
     }          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
       newm=savm;          }
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */          printf("\n");
       cov[1]=1.;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;  #endif
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];        }
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)      } 
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    } 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  } 
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  
   /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
   
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/  {
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
       savm=oldm;  
       oldm=newm;    int i, ii,j,k;
     }    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    double **matprod2();
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];    double **newm;
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
          */  
       }    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   } /* end h */      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   return po;        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 }      }
   
      cov[1]=1.;
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/   
 double func( double *x)   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
 {    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;      newm=savm;
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
   double **out;       cov[2]=agefin;
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */    
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
   long ipmx;          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
   /*extern weight */          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */        }
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   */  
   cov[1]=1.;        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
         /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];  
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){      savm=oldm;
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)      oldm=newm;
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      maxmax=0.;
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
         newm=savm;        min=1.;
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;        max=0.;
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];          sumnew=0;
         }          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
                  prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
         savm=oldm;        }
         oldm=newm;        maxmin=max-min;
                maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
              }
       } /* end mult */      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
              return prlim;
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);      }
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/    }
       ipmx +=1;  }
       sw += weight[i];  
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
     } /* end of wave */  
   } /* end of individual */  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   {
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];    double s1, s2;
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */    /*double t34;*/
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
   return -l;  
 }      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j<i;j++){
         for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/          /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
           s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
 {        }
   int i,j, iter;        ps[i][j]=s2;
   double **xi,*delti;        /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
   double fret;      }
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);          /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
   printf("Powell\n");        }
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);        ps[i][j]=s2;
       }
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));    }
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f ",iter,func(p));      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
   
 }    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
        s1=0;
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
 {      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
   double **hess;      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
   int i, j,jk;      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   int *indx;        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;    } /* end i */
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;  
     for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
         ps[ii][jj]=0;
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");        ps[ii][ii]=1;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){      }
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    }
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);  
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/  
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   }      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
         printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {     }
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {      printf("\n ");
       if (j>i) {      }
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);  /*
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];        for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/    goto end;*/
       }      return ps;
     }  }
   }  
   printf("\n");  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
    {
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
   x=vector(1,npar);    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
   indx=ivector(1,npar);       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];    long i, j, k;
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
       for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
     x[j]=1;  
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);    return out;
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  }
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];  
     }  
   }  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
   
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  {
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
     }       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
     printf("\n");       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
   }       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
        (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
   /* Recompute Inverse */       for the memory).
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];       included manually here. 
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);  
        */
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");  
     int i, j, d, h, k;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    double **newm;
     x[j]=1;  
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       y[i][j]=x[i];      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     }        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     printf("\n");      }
   }    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   */    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
       for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);        newm=savm;
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
   free_vector(x,1,npar);        cov[1]=1.;
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
           cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
 }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/  
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])  
 {        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
   int i;        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
   int l=1, lmax=20;        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
   double k1,k2;                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];        savm=oldm;
   double res;        oldm=newm;
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;      }
   double fx;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
   int k=0,kmax=10;        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
   double l1;          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
           /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
   fx=func(x);           */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];        }
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){    } /* end h */
     l1=pow(10,l);    return po;
     delts=delt;  }
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){  
       delt = delta*(l1*k);  
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
       k1=func(p2)-fx;  double func( double *x)
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;  {
       k2=func(p2)-fx;    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */    double **out;
          double sw; /* Sum of weights */
 #ifdef DEBUG    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);    int s1, s2;
 #endif    double bbh, survp;
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */    long ipmx;
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){    /*extern weight */
         k=kmax;    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
       }    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
       }    */
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){    cov[1]=1.;
         delts=delt;  
       }    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
     }  
   }    if(mle==1){
   delti[theta]=delts;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   return res;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
          for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
 }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
             for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 {              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int i;            }
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;            newm=savm;
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   int k;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
               cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   fx=func(x);            }
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;            savm=oldm;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;            oldm=newm;
     k1=func(p2)-fx;          } /* end mult */
          
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
     k2=func(p2)-fx;           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
             * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
     k3=func(p2)-fx;           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
             * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
     k4=func(p2)-fx;           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
 #ifdef DEBUG           */
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
 #endif          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   }          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   return res;          /* bias is positive if real duration
 }           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
            */
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
 {            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known then the contribution
   int i,imax,j,k;               to the likelihood is the probability to die between last step unit time and current 
   double big,dum,sum,temp;               step unit time, which is also the differences between probability to die before dh 
   double *vv;               and probability to die before dh-stepm . 
                 In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
   vv=vector(1,n);          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
   *d=1.0;          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
     big=0.0;          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)          (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;          introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
     vv[i]=1.0/big;          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
   }          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {          and month of death but the probability to survive from last
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
       sum=a[i][j];          probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
       a[i][j]=sum;          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
     }          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
     big=0.0;          lower mortality.
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {            */
       sum=a[i][j];            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)          }else{
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
       a[i][j]=sum;            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {          } 
         big=dum;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
         imax=i;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
       }          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
     }          ipmx +=1;
     if (j != imax) {          sw += weight[i];
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         dum=a[imax][k];        } /* end of wave */
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];      } /* end of individual */
         a[j][k]=dum;    }  else if(mle==2){
       }      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       *d = -(*d);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       vv[imax]=vv[j];        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     indx[j]=imax;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     if (j != n) {              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);            }
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
     }            newm=savm;
   }            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
 ;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
 }            }
             out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
 {            savm=oldm;
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;            oldm=newm;
   double sum;          } /* end mult */
          
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     ip=indx[i];          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
     sum=b[ip];           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
     b[ip]=b[i];           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
     if (ii)           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
     else if (sum) ii=i;           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
     b[i]=sum;           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
   }           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
     sum=b[i];           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];           */
   }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
 }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
 /************ Frequencies ********************/          /* bias is positive if real duration
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2)           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
 {  /* Some frequencies */           */
            lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */          /*lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.-+bh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* exponential interpolation */
   double *pp;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   FILE *ficresp;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];          ipmx +=1;
           sw += weight[i];
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        } /* end of wave */
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");      } /* end of individual */
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     exit(0);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   j1=0;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
               savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   j=cptcoveff;            }
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
             newm=savm;
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
        j1++;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);            }
          scanf("%d", i);*/            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)                           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)              savm=oldm;
            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)            oldm=newm;
              freq[i][jk][m]=0;          } /* end mult */
         
         dateintsum=0;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
         k2cpt=0;          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
          bool=1;           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
          if  (cptcovn>0) {           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
                bool=0;           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
          }           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
          if (bool==1) {           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {           */
                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];          /* bias is positive if real duration
                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;           */
                  k2cpt++;          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* linear interpolation */
                }          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
           /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
              }          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
            }          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
          }          ipmx +=1;
        }          sw += weight[i];
         if  (cptcovn>0) {          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");        } /* end of wave */
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);      } /* end of individual */
        fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
         }      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
                    for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     if(i==(int)agemax+3)              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       printf("Total");            }
     else          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       printf("Age %d", i);            newm=savm;
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
       for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
     }            }
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          
       for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
         pos += freq[jk][m][i];                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)            savm=oldm;
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);            oldm=newm;
       else          } /* end mult */
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);        
     }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
      for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
       for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];          }else{
      }            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
           }
     for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)          ipmx +=1;
       pos += pp[jk];          sw += weight[i];
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
       if(pos>=1.e-5)  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);        } /* end of wave */
       else      } /* end of individual */
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
       if( i <= (int) agemax){      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         if(pos>=1.e-5){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
           fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         }              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       else              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);            }
       }          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     }            newm=savm;
     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
     if(i <= (int) agemax)            }
       fprintf(ficresp,"\n");          
     printf("\n");            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
     }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     }            savm=oldm;
  }            oldm=newm;
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;          } /* end mult */
          
   fclose(ficresp);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
           ipmx +=1;
   /* End of Freq */          sw += weight[i];
 }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
 /************ Prevalence ********************/        } /* end of wave */
 void prevalence(int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)      } /* end of individual */
 {  /* Some frequencies */    } /* End of if */
      for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
   double *pp;    return -l;
   double pos, k2;  }
   
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  double funcone( double *x)
    {
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   j1=0;    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
      double **out;
   j=cptcoveff;    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    int s1, s2;
      double bbh, survp;
  for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){    /*extern weight */
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
       j1++;    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
      /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)        printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)      */
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)    cov[1]=1.;
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;  
          for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {  
         bool=1;    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         if  (cptcovn>0) {      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
               bool=0;          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         }            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         if (bool==1) {            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){          }
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {          newm=savm;
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;          cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-1/12.)] += weight[i];            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3+1)] += weight[i];            }
             }          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
           }                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         }          savm=oldm;
       }          oldm=newm;
              } /* end mult */
         for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){        
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
             for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
           }        /* bias is positive if real duration
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)         */
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
         }          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
                } else if (mle==1){
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)        } else if(mle==2){
              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
          }        } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
                    lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
           lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){                  } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
            if( i <= (int) agemax){          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
              if(pos>=1.e-5){        } /* End of if */
                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;        ipmx +=1;
              }        sw += weight[i];
            }        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
          }  /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
                  if(globpr){
         }          fprintf(ficresilk,"%ld %6d %1d %1d %1d %1d %3d %10.6f %6.4f\
     }   %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f ", \
   }                  num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
                    2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
            for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) 
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",ll[k]);
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);          fprintf(ficresilk,"\n");
          }
 }  /* End of Freq */      } /* end of wave */
     } /* end of individual */
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
     /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
 {    return -l;
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.  }
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).  
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i  
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpr, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.  {
      */    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with the selection of individuals/waves and
        to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
   int i, mi, m;       Plotting could be done.
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;     */
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/    int k;
     if(globpr !=0){ /* Just counts and sums no printings */
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;      strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
   double sum=0.;      strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
   jmin=1e+5;      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
   jmax=-1;        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
   jmean=0.;        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){      }
     mi=0;      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_product_matrix pij weight 2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state\n");
     m=firstpass;      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight out sav ");
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){      /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
       if(s[m][i]>=1)      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
         mw[++mi][i]=m;        fprintf(ficresilk," ll[%d]",k);
       if(m >=lastpass)      fprintf(ficresilk,"\n");
         break;    }
       else  
         m++;    *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
     }/* end while */    if(globpr !=0){
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){      fclose(ficresilk);
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */      if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */        printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
          /* Only death is a correct wave */        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
       mw[mi][i]=m;        exit(0);
     }      }
       else{
     wav[i]=mi;        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",fileresilk);
     if(mi==0)        fclose(fichtm);
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);      }
   }    }
     return;
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  }
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){  
       if (stepm <=0)  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
         dh[mi][i]=1;  
       else{  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {  {
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {    int i,j, iter;
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);    double **xi;
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */    double fret;
           k=k+1;    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
           sum=sum+j;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
           /* if (j<10) printf("j=%d num=%d ",j,i); */      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
           }        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         }    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
         else{    strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
           k=k+1;    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
           /*   if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */    }
           sum=sum+j;    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
         }    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         jk= j/stepm;      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         jl= j -jk*stepm;        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
         if(jl <= -ju)  
           dh[mi][i]=jk;    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
         else  
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;    fclose(ficrespow);
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
       }    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
     }  
   }  }
   jmean=sum/k;  
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
  }  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/  {
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
 {    double **hess;
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;    int i, j,jk;
   int cptcode=0;    int *indx;
   cptcoveff=0;  
      double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
     void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {  
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);  
       Ndum[ij]++;    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
     }      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
     }      /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
     ij=1;    }
     
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {        if (j>i) { 
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
           ij++;          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
         }          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
       }          }
     }      }
   }      }
     printf("\n");
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
       ij=Tvar[i];    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
       Ndum[ij]++;    
     }    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
  ij=1;    x=vector(1,npar);
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {    indx=ivector(1,npar);
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncov)){    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
      ij++;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
    }  
  }    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
        for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     cptcoveff=ij-1;      x[j]=1;
 }      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
       }
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij)    }
 {  
   /* Health expectancies */    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
   double age, agelim,hf;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
   double ***p3mat;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
          printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");      }
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      printf("\n");
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d",i,j);    }
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");  
     /* Recompute Inverse */
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /*  Every j years of age (in month) */    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
     ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   agelim=AGESUP;  
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */  
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
     /* Typically if 20 years = 20*12/6=40 stepm */      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;      x[j]=1;
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically 40/4=10 */      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored        y[i][j]=x[i];
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);          fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
       }
       printf("\n");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    }
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    */
           eij[i][j][(int)age] +=p3mat[i][j][h];  
         }    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
        free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
     hf=1;    free_vector(x,1,npar);
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%.0f",age );    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){  
         fprintf(ficreseij," %.4f", hf*eij[i][j][(int)age]);  }
       }  
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
   }  {
 }    int i;
     int l=1, lmax=20;
 /************ Variance ******************/    double k1,k2;
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
 {    double res;
   /* Variance of health expectancies */    double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/    double fx;
   double **newm;    int k=0,kmax=10;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    double l1;
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;  
   int k, cptcode;    fx=func(x);
   double *xp;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   double **gp, **gm;    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;      l1=pow(10,l);
   double ***p3mat;      delts=delt;
   double age,agelim;      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
   int theta;        delt = delta*(l1*k);
         p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");        k1=func(p2)-fx;
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        k2=func(p2)-fx;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");        
   #ifdef DEBUG
   xp=vector(1,npar);        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  #endif
          /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */          k=kmax;
   agelim = AGESUP;        }
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;        }
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          delts=delt;
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);        }
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      }
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);    }
     delti[theta]=delts;
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    return res; 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  }
       }  
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  {
     int i;
       if (popbased==1) {    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
       }    int k;
        
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    fx=func(x);
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
         }      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       }      k1=func(p2)-fx;
        
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);        k2=func(p2)-fx;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
       if (popbased==1) {      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      k3=func(p2)-fx;
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    
       }      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){      k4=func(p2)-fx;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)  #ifdef DEBUG
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
         }      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       }  #endif
     }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)    return res;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  }
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];  
         }  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
     } /* End theta */  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
   { 
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    int i,imax,j,k; 
     double big,dum,sum,temp; 
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)    double *vv; 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)   
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    vv=vector(1,n); 
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    *d=1.0; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      big=0.0; 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){      if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    } 
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)        sum=a[i][j]; 
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j];        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
       }        a[i][j]=sum; 
     }      } 
     h=1;      big=0.0; 
     if (stepm >= YEARM) h=stepm/YEARM;      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );        sum=a[i][j]; 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", h*vareij[i][j][(int)age]);        a[i][j]=sum; 
       }        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");          big=dum; 
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);          imax=i; 
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        } 
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);      } 
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);      if (j != imax) { 
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
   } /* End age */          dum=a[imax][k]; 
            a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          a[j][k]=dum; 
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        } 
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        *d = -(*d); 
         vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
 }      } 
       indx[j]=imax; 
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)      if (j != n) { 
 {        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/      } 
   double **newm;    } 
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;  ;
   int k, cptcode;  } 
   double *xp;  
   double *gp, *gm;  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
   double **gradg, **trgradg;  { 
   double age,agelim;    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
   int theta;    double sum; 
       
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");      ip=indx[i]; 
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      sum=b[ip]; 
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);      b[ip]=b[i]; 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");      if (ii) 
         for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
   xp=vector(1,npar);      else if (sum) ii=i; 
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);      b[i]=sum; 
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    } 
      for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */      sum=b[i]; 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
   agelim = AGESUP;      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    } 
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  } 
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;  
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  /************ Frequencies ********************/
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint)
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);  {  /* Some frequencies */
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);    
     int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    int first;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    double *pp, **prop;
       }    double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    FILE *ficresp;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];    
        pp=vector(1,nlstate);
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      exit(0);
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];    }
     } /* End theta */    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
     j1=0;
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    
     j=cptcoveff;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];    first=1;
   
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);        j1++;
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          scanf("%d", i);*/
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
           for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));  
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);          prop[i][m]=0;
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);        
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);        dateintsum=0;
   } /* End age */        k2cpt=0;
         for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          bool=1;
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);          if  (cptcovn>0) {
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
               if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
 }                bool=0;
           }
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/          if (bool==1){
 void varprob(char fileres[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij)            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
 {              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
   int i, j;              /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
   int k=0, cptcode;                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
   double *xp;                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   double *gp, *gm;                if (m<lastpass) {
   double **gradg, **trgradg;                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
   int theta;                }
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];                
                 if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);                  k2cpt++;
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {                }
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);                /*}*/
   }            }
   printf("Computing variance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);          }
          }
          
   xp=vector(1,npar);        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);  
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        if  (cptcovn>0) {
            fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
   cov[1]=1;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
     cov[2]=age;        }
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,9);        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
     trgradg=matrix(1,9,1,npar);          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
     gp=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
     gm=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        
            for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){          if(i==iagemax+3){
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          }else{
                  if(first==1){
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);              first=0;
                  printf("See log file for details...\n");
       k=0;            }
       for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath); i++){            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){          }
            k=k+1;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
           gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
         }              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
       }          }
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
                if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
               if(first==1){
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
       k=0;              }
       for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){            }else{
           k=k+1;              if(first==1)
           gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
         }              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       }            }
                }
        for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)  
            gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];            for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     }            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)          }       
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];            pos += pp[jk];
              posprop += prop[jk][i];
      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,9,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);          }
      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,9,1,npar,1,9,gradg);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             if(pos>=1.e-5){
      pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);              if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
      k=0;              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
      for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){            }else{
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){              if(first==1)
          k=k+1;                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
          gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
         }            }
      }            if( i <= iagemax){
                    if(pos>=1.e-5){
      /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){                /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
                        /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
               }
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));              else
      }*/                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
             }
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);          }
           
   for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
     if (i== 2) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
 if (i== 4) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
   }              if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));              }
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);          if(i <= iagemax)
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
 }          if(first==1)
  free_vector(xp,1,npar);            printf("Others in log...\n");
 fclose(ficresprob);          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  exit(0);        }
 }      }
     }
 /***********************************************/    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
 /**************** Main Program *****************/   
 /***********************************************/    fclose(ficresp);
     free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
 /*int main(int argc, char *argv[])*/    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
 int main()    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
 {    /* End of Freq */
   }
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;  
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;  /************ Prevalence ********************/
   double agemin=1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;  void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
   {  
   double fret;    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
   double **xi,tmp,delta;       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */    */
   double ***p3mat;   
   int *indx;    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   char title[MAXLINE];    double *pp, **prop;
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];    double pos,posprop; 
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];    int iagemin, iagemax;
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];  
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];    iagemin= (int) agemin;
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];    iagemax= (int) agemax;
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;    /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
   int c,  h , cpt,l;    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
   int ju,jl, mi;    j1=0;
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;    
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;    j=cptcoveff;
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   int hstepm, nhstepm;    
   int *popage;/*boolprev=0 if date and zero if wave*/    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2;      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
         j1++;
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;        
   double ftolpl=FTOL;        for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
   double **prlim;          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   double *severity;            prop[i][m]=0.0;
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */       
   double  *p;        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */          bool=1;
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */          if  (cptcovn>0) {
   double *delti; /* Scale */            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
   double ***eij, ***vareij;              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */                bool=0;
   double *epj, vepp;          } 
   double kk1, kk2;          if (bool==1) { 
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean, calagedate;              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
   double yp,yp1,yp2;              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
                 if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
   char version[80]="Imach version 64b, May 2001, INED-EUROREVES ";                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];                if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
                 if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
                   /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
   char z[1]="c", occ;                  prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
 #include <sys/time.h>                  prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
 #include <time.h>                } 
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];              }
              } /* end selection of waves */
   /* long total_usecs;          }
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;        }
          for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */          
           for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
             posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
   printf("\nIMACH, Version 0.7");          } 
   printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");  
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
 #ifdef windows            if( i <=  iagemax){ 
   scanf("%s",pathtot);              if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
   getcwd(pathcd, size);                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);              } 
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/            } 
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/          }/* end jk */ 
         }/* end i */ 
 split(pathtot, path,optionfile);      } /* end i1 */
   chdir(path);    } /* end k1 */
   replace(pathc,path);    
 #endif    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
 #ifdef unix    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
   scanf("%s",optionfile);    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
 #endif  }  /* End of prevalence */
   
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   
   strcpy(fileres,"r");  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
   strcat(fileres, optionfile);  {
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
   /*---------arguments file --------*/       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     goto end;       */
   }  
     int i, mi, m;
   strcpy(filereso,"o");    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
   strcat(filereso,fileres);       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {    int first;
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
   }    double sum=0.;
     first=0;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    jmin=1e+5;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    jmax=-1;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    jmean=0.;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     puts(line);      mi=0;
     fputs(line,ficparo);      m=firstpass;
   }      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        if(s[m][i]>=1)
           mw[++mi][i]=m;
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncov, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);        if(m >=lastpass)
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);          break;
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncov,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);        else
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          m++;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      }/* end while */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
     puts(line);        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
     fputs(line,ficparo);        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
   }           /* Only death is a correct wave */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        mw[mi][i]=m;
        }
      
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);      wav[i]=mi;
   cptcovn=0;      if(mi==0){
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;        if(first==0){
           printf("Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;          first=1;
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */        }
          if(first==1){
   /* Read guess parameters */          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        }
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      } /* end mi==0 */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    } /* End individuals */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
   }        if (stepm <=0)
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          dh[mi][i]=1;
          else{
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){              j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);              if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);              else if(j<0){
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){                j=1; /* Careful Patch */
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);                fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
       }              }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");              k=k+1;
       printf("\n");              if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");              if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
     }              sum=sum+j;
                /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;              /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
             }
   p=param[1][1];          }
            else{
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
     ungetc(c,ficpar);            k=k+1;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
     puts(line);            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
     fputs(line,ficparo);            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
   }            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            if(j<0){
               printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);              fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */            }
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){            sum=sum+j;
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){          }
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);          jk= j/stepm;
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);          jl= j -jk*stepm;
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);            if(jl==0){
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);              dh[mi][i]=jk;
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);              bh[mi][i]=0;
       }            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
       printf("\n");              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");              bh[mi][i]=ju;
     }            }
   }          }else{
   delti=delti3[1][1];            if(jl <= -ju){
                dh[mi][i]=jk;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                                   * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                                   */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            }
     puts(line);            else{
     fputs(line,ficparo);              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
   }              bh[mi][i]=ju;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            }
              if(dh[mi][i]==0){
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);              dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);              /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
     printf("%s",str);            }
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);          } /* end if mle */
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){        }
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);      } /* end wave */
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    }
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    jmean=sum/k;
     }    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
     printf("\n");   }
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  
   }  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)  {
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];    
        int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
   printf("\n");    int cptcode=0;
     cptcoveff=0; 
    
     /*-------- data file ----------*/    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
     if((ficres =fopen(fileres,"w"))==NULL) {    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileres);goto end;  
     }    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
                                     modality*/ 
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
     }        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
         if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
     n= lastobs;                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);      }
     num=ivector(1,n);  
     moisnais=vector(1,n);      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
     annais=vector(1,n);        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
     moisdc=vector(1,n);      }
     andc=vector(1,n);  
     agedc=vector(1,n);      ij=1; 
     cod=ivector(1,n);      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
     weight=vector(1,n);        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);            /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);            
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);                ij++;
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);          }
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
         }  
     i=1;      } 
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {    }  
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {  
           for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){  
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
           strcpy(line,stra);     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);     ij=Tvar[i];
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);     Ndum[ij]++;
         }   }
          
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);   ij=1;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
      if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);       ij++;
      }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);   }
         for (j=ncov;j>=1;j--){   
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
         }  }
         num[i]=atol(stra);  
          /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){  
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
   
         i=i+1;  {
       }    /* Health expectancies */
     }    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);    double age, agelim, hf;
        scanf("%d",i);*/    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp;
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){    double **gp, **gm;
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;    int theta;
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;  
     }    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     if (covar[1][i]==0) printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));*/    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
   Tage=ivector(1,15);          fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
      
   if (strlen(model) >1){    if(estepm < stepm){
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     j=nbocc(model,'+');    }
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     cptcovn=j+1;    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
     cptcovprod=j1;     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
         * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
         * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
     strcpy(modelsav,model);     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
       goto end;     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
     }     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
         * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){  
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
           cptcovprod--;       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
           cptcovage++;       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;    */
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
         }  
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {    agelim=AGESUP;
           cptcovprod--;    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
           cptcovage++;      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
         }      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
         else {      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
           Tvar[i]=ncov+k1;      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
           Tprod[k1]=i;  
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];   
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)  
             covar[ncov+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
           k1++;  
           k2=k2+2;      /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
         }  
       }       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
       else {        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/        }
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);    
       }        cptj=0;
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
         scanf("%d",i);*/            cptj=cptj+1;
     }            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
 }              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
              }
   /*printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);          }
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);        }
   scanf("%d ",i);*/       
     fclose(fic);       
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
     /*  if(mle==1){*/          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;        
     }        cptj=0;
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
             cptj=cptj+1;
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++)  
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
          anint[m][i]=9999;            }
          s[m][i]=-1;          }
        }        }
            for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){          }
         if(s[m][i] >0){       } 
           if (s[m][i] == nlstate+1) {     
             if(agedc[i]>0)  /* End theta */
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)  
               agev[m][i]=agedc[i];       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
             else {  
               if (andc[i]!=9999){       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
               agev[m][i]=-1;          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
               }            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
             }       
           }  
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */       for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
               agev[m][i]=1;  
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
               agemin=agev[m][i];       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
             }        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
               agemax=agev[m][i];          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
             }            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/        }
           }      }
           else { /* =9 */      /* Computing expectancies */
             agev[m][i]=1;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             s[m][i]=-1;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           }          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
         }            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
         else /*= 0 Unknown */            
           agev[m][i]=1;  /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
       }  
              }
     }  
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){      cptj=0;
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           goto end;          cptj++;
         }          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
       }        }
     }      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
      
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);    }
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);    printf("\n");
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);  
     free_vector(andc,1,n);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
        free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     wav=ivector(1,imx);    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  }
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  
      /************ Variance ******************/
     /* Concatenates waves */  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);  {
     /* Variance of health expectancies */
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);    /* double **newm;*/
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
       ncodemax[1]=1;    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
          int k, cptcode;
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);    double *xp;
    h=0;    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
      double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){    double ***p3mat;
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){    double age,agelim, hf;
            h++;    double ***mobaverage;
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;    int theta;
          }    char digit[4];
        }    char digitp[25];
      }  
    }    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
      
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age    if(popbased==1){
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */      if(mobilav!=0)
         strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
          else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
        }
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    else 
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    if (mobilav!=0) {
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
            if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */      }
     }
     if(mle==1){  
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
     }    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
        /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
     /*--------- results files --------------*/    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle,weightopt,model);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
     if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
    jk=1;      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
    printf("# Parameters\n");    }
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
        if (k != i)    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
          {    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);    }  
              jk++;    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
            }    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
            printf("\n");      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
          }      exit(0);
      }    }
    }    else{
  if(mle==1){      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */    }
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
  }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales\n");      exit(0);
     printf("# Scales\n");    }
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    else{
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
         if (j!=i) {      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);    }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
             jk++;    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           }      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           printf("\n");        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
         }  
       }    xp=vector(1,npar);
      }    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
        doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     k=1;    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance\n");    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     printf("# Covariance\n");  
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/    
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);    if(estepm < stepm){
       printf("%3d",i);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){    }
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
       }    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
       printf("\n");       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
       k++;       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
     }       and note for a fixed period like k years */
        /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
       ungetc(c,ficpar);       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
       puts(line);       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
       fputs(line,ficparo);    */
     }    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    agelim = AGESUP;
      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
          nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     if (fage <= 2) {      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       bage = agemin;      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       fage = agemax;      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     }      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy.\n");  
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          }
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);        if (popbased==1) {
     fputs(line,ficparo);          if(mobilav ==0){
   }            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   ungetc(c,ficpar);              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mob_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
  fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);          }
              }
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     puts(line);            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
     fputs(line,ficparo);              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
   }          }
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        }
          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
            computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;           as a weighted average of prlim.
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;        */
         for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
    fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);              gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
    fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);          }    
         /* end probability of death */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     puts(line);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   }   
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        if (popbased==1) {
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);          if(mobilav ==0){
 fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
           }else{ /* mobilav */ 
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
  /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/          }
 chdir(pathcd);        }
   if((ficgp=fopen("graph.plt","w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with file graph.gp");goto end;        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   }          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
 #ifdef windows            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
 #endif          }
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);        }
          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
  /* 1eme*/           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {           as a weighted average of prlim.
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {        */
         for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 #ifdef windows          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
 #endif        }    
 #ifdef unix        /* end probability of death */
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres);  
 #endif        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          }
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");  
 }        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {        }
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      } /* End theta */
 }  
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {  
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
 }            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
 #ifdef unix  
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300");      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
 #endif        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
    }    
   }  
   /*2 eme*/      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,fage);          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
      
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
       k=2*i;        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
 }                vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");        }
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);      }
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      /* pptj */
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
 }        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      /* end ppptj */
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      /*  x centered again */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
 }        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");   
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");      if (popbased==1) {
     }        if(mobilav ==0){
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   }            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   /*3eme*/          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {        }
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {      }
       k=2+nlstate*(cpt-1);               
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);      /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {         computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);         as a weighted average of prlim.
       }      */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     }        for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
   }          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
        }    
   /* CV preval stat */      /* end probability of death */
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
       k=3;      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",agemin,agemax,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);        }
            } 
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);  
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
       }          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);          }
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
     }      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   }        free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   /* proba elementaires */      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){    } /* End age */
       if (k != i) {    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s%1d%1d=%f ",alph[j],i,k,p[jk]);*/    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s",alph[1]);*/    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
           jk++;    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
         }  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
       }  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
     }  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
     }    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
   for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,agemax);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);
    i=1;    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);
    for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
      k3=i;  */
      for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);
        if (k != k2){  
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
 ij=1;    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
             ij++;    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           }    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
           else    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    fclose(ficgp);
         }    fclose(fichtm);
           fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");  }  /* end varevsij */
          
         for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){    /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
           fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
 ij=1;  {
           for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);    double **newm;
             ij++;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
           }    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
           else    int k, cptcode;
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    double *xp;
           }    double *gp, *gm;
           fprintf(ficgp,")");    double **gradg, **trgradg;
         }    double age,agelim;
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);    int theta;
         if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");     
         i=i+ncovmodel;    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
        }    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
      }    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
    }        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   }  
        xp=vector(1,npar);
   fclose(ficgp);    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
        doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
 chdir(path);    
        hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    agelim = AGESUP;
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
     free_ivector(num,1,n);      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);      if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
     fclose(ficparo);      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
     fclose(ficres);      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
     /*  }*/      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
      
    /*________fin mle=1_________*/      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          }
     /* No more information from the sample is required now */        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
     puts(line);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     fputs(line,ficparo);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   }        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
    
   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   printf("agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax, bage, fage);          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);      } /* End theta */
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/  
       trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);  
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);goto end;          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
   }  
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body><ul> <font size=\"6\">Imach, Version 0.7 </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">        varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
 Titre=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
 Total number of observations=%d <br>      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
 <li>Outputs files<br><br>\n  
         - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
 - Estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
         - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
         - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
         - Life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
         - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
         - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
         - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>    } /* End age */
         - Prevalences and population forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>  
 <br>",title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
  fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
  m=cptcoveff;  }
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  
   /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
  j1=0;  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){  {
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
        j1++;    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {    int k=0,l, cptcode;
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");    int first=1, first1;
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[j1][cpt]]);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");    double *xp;
        }    double *gp, *gm;
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>    double **gradg, **trgradg;
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);        double **mu;
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);    int theta;
        }    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>  
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);      double ***varpij;
      }  
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
      }      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>    }
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
    }    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
  }      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
 fclose(fichtm);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
     }
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/    strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
      strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;    }
   }    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
      
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
   k=0;  
   agebase=agemin;  
   agelim=agemax;    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   ftolpl=1.e-10;      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   i1=cptcoveff;        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      }  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){   /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
         k=k+1;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");   */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)   xp=vector(1,npar);
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
            mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    first=1;
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");      exit(0);
         }    }
       }    else{
     }      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
   fclose(ficrespl);    }
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);      exit(0);
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {    }
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;    else{
   }      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
    
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/      fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");
   agelim=AGESUP;  
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */  
      cov[1]=1;
   k=0;    tj=cptcoveff;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    j1=0;
       k=k+1;    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        j1++;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        if  (cptcovn>0) {
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
                  for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);            fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)          
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);          
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );          fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
           }        }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
         }          cov[2]=age;
     }          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
   }            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
           }
   /* varprob(fileres, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k);*/          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
   fclose(ficrespij);            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   prevalence(agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {            
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);goto end;            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
   }            
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);            k=0;
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
   free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);                k=k+1;
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
   /* Mobile average */              }
             }
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;            
             for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
   if (mobilav==1) {              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      
     for (agedeb=bage+3; agedeb<=fage-2; agedeb++)            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            k=0;
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                    k=k+1;
     for (agedeb=bage+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){              }
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){            }
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){       
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
           }              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;          }
         }  
       }          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
     }              for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   }              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
           
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
           free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   agelim=AGESUP;          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   /*hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; *//* Every year of age */          free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   hstepm=1;          free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2 years/6 months = 4 */  
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
   anprojmean=yp;          
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);          k=0;
   mprojmean=yp;          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   jprojmean=yp;              k=k+1;
   fprintf(ficresf,"Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
             }
   if (popforecast==1) {          }
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL)    {          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);goto end;            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
     }              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);  
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
             printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
     i=1;              fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF)            }*/
       {  
         i=i+1;          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
       }          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
     imx=i;          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
      
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
   }            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
           for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
       k=k+1;          }
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");          i=0;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
       }              i=i++;
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficresf," [Population]");                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                  fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=1;cpt++) {              }
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");            }
   fprintf(ficresf,"\nForecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);            }/* end of loop for state */
       for (agedeb=(fage-(1/12.)); agedeb>=(bage-(1/12.)); agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */        } /* end of loop for age */
         nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  
         nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
         /*printf("agedeb=%.lf stepm=%d hstepm=%d nhstepm=%d \n",agedeb,stepm,hstepm,nhstepm);*/        /*
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
         p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);            fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
                          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
         for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
           if (h==(int) (calagedate+12*cpt)) {          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
             fprintf(ficresf,"h=%d ", h);        */
             fprintf(ficresf,"\n %f %f ",agedeb,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);  
           }        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        first1=1;
             kk1=0.;kk2=0;        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                  for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
               if (mobilav==1)            if(l2==k2) continue;
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod];            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
               else {            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                 /*  fprintf(ficresf," p3=%.3f p=%.3f ", p3mat[i][j][h],probs[(int)(agedeb)+1][i][cptcod]);*/                if(l1==k1) continue;
               }                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
                 if(i<=j) continue;
               if (popforecast==1) kk2=kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb];                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
             }                  if ((int)age %5==0){
                              v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
               fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                                  mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
               if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficresf," [%.f]", kk2);                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
             }                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
           }                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
         }                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
         free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       }                    /* Eigen vectors */
       }                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
     }                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
   }                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);                    v12=-v21;
   if (popforecast==1) {                    v22=v11;
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);                    tnalp=v21/v11;
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);                    if(first1==1){
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);                      first1=0;
   }                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
   free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);                    }
   free_vector(weight,1,n);                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
   fclose(ficresf);                    /*printf(fignu*/
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
                     /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
   strcpy(filerest,"t");                    if(first==1){
   strcat(filerest,fileres);                      first=0;
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
   }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
   strcpy(filerese,"e");                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   strcat(filerese,fileres);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
   }                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                     }else{
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");                      first=0;
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);                      fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
   }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
                               mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
   k=0;                    }/* if first */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){                  } /* age mod 5 */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){                } /* end loop age */
       k=k+1;                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");                first=1;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)              } /*l12 */
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            } /* k12 */
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");          } /*l1 */
         }/* k1 */
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");      } /* loop covariates */
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");    fclose(ficresprob);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    fclose(ficresprobcov);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);    fclose(ficresprobcor);
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");    fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(fichtm);
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);  }
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k);    
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
       varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                          int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
            int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
       hf=1;    /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);      printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    }
         if (popbased==1) {  
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n \
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n \
         }   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n \
           - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n \
         fprintf(ficrest," %.0f",age);   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): \
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){     <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {    jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*hf*eij[i][j][(int)age];  
           }  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  
         }   m=cptcoveff;
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)  
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];   jj1=0;
         fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[nlstate+1],hf*sqrt(vepp));   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
           fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[j],hf*sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));       jj1++;
         }       if (cptcovn > 0) {
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
       }         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
     }           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
   }         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
               }
               /* Pij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br> \
   <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);     
  fclose(ficreseij);       /* Quasi-incidences */
  fclose(ficresvij);       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
   fclose(ficrest);   before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br> \
   fclose(ficpar);  <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1); 
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
   /*  scanf("%d ",i); */         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br> \
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/    <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
          }
 strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br> \
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {  <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);       }
     exit(0);       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
   }  health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>\
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);  <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);
      } /* end i1 */
  k=0;   }/* End k1 */
  for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  
      k=k+1;  
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n\
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n\
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n\
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n\
         - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n\
      varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);   - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n\
      oldm=oldms;savm=savms;   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n\
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);   - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
    }  
  }  /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   fclose(ficresvpl);  /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/  /*  else  */
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
    fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);   m=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
    
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);   jj1=0;
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);       jj1++;
         if (cptcovn > 0) {
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
             fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
   printf("End of Imach\n");       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and period prevalence (with confident\
    interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>\
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/  <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/       }
   /*------ End -----------*/     } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
  end:  fclose(fichtm);
 #ifdef windows  }
  chdir(pathcd);  
 #endif  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
    void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
  system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");  
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
 #ifdef windows    int ng;
   while (z[0] != 'q') {    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
     chdir(pathcd);      printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     scanf("%s",z);    }
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");  
     else if (z[0] == 'e') {    /*#ifdef windows */
       chdir(path);      fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       system(optionfilehtm);      /*#endif */
     }  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);    
   }   /* 1eme*/
 #endif    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
 }     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
   
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        } 
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1); 
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
          if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        }  
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
      }
     }
     /*2 eme*/
     
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
       
       for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
         k=2*i;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
         else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
         if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
         else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
       }
     }
     
     /*3eme*/
     
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
         /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           
         */
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
           
         } 
       }
     }
     
     /* CV preval stable (period) */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         k=3;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
         
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
         
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
         for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
           fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
         }
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
       } 
     }  
     
     /* proba elementaires */
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) {
           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
             jk++; 
             fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
      }
   
      for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
        for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng); 
          if (ng==2)
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
          else
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
          i=1;
          for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
            k3=i;
            for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
              if (k != k2){
                if(ng==2)
                  fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                else
                  fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                ij=1;
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                    ij++;
                  }
                  else
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                }
                fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
                
                for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                  ij=1;
                  for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                    if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                      ij++;
                    }
                    else
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                  }
                  fprintf(ficgp,")");
                }
                fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
                if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
                i=i+ncovmodel;
              }
            } /* end k */
          } /* end k2 */
        } /* end jk */
      } /* end ng */
      fclose(ficgp); 
   }  /* end gnuplot */
   
   
   /*************** Moving average **************/
   int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
   
     int i, cpt, cptcod;
     int modcovmax =1;
     int mobilavrange, mob;
     double age;
   
     modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
                              a covariate has 2 modalities */
     if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
   
     if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
       if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
       else mobilavrange=mobilav;
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
         for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
             mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
       /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
          fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
          we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
       */ 
       for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
         for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
           for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                 for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
                   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
                   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
                 }
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
             }
           }
         }/* end age */
       }/* end mob */
     }else return -1;
     return 0;
   }/* End movingaverage */
   
   
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
   prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
     int *popage;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
    
     strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileres);
     if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
   
   /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
             fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
         }
         for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
   
           for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
                 for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
                   fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
                 fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 ppij=0.;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                   if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
                     fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
                   }
                 } /* end i */
                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
                   fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
                 }
               }/* end j */
             } /* end h */
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           } /* end agec */
         } /* end yearp */
       } /* end cptcod */
     } /* end  cptcov */
          
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     fclose(ficresf);
   }
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
     
     int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
     int *popage;
     double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     agelim=AGESUP;
     calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
     
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     
     
     strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     strcat(filerespop,fileres);
     if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     
     agelim=AGESUP;
     
     hstepm=1;
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     
     if (popforecast==1) {
       if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
       } 
       popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
       popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
       popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
       
       i=1;   
       while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
      
       imx=i;
       for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
         if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
         
         for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
                   tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
                     /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
                       if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                 }
               }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
                   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                     kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                   }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
   
               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
    
     /******/
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
               }
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
      } 
     }
    
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficrespop);
   } /* End of popforecast */
   
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfile)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfile,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfile);
       return (1);
     }
   
   }
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
     int jj;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     char path[132],pathc[132],pathcd[132],pathtot[132],model[132];
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
   
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
   
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
     char *strt, *strtend;
     char *stratrunc;
     int lstra;
   
     long total_usecs;
     struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time;
     struct timezone tzp;
     extern int gettimeofday();
     struct tm tmg, tm, *gmtime(), *localtime();
     long time_value;
     extern long time();
    
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     strt=asctime(&tm);
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strt); */
   /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strt);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strt=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strt); 
   */
   
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       scanf("%s",pathtot);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 132)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("pathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
     replace(pathc,path);
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strt);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Localtime (at start)=%s",strt);
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     
     /* Read guess parameters */
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       j=0;
       for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
         if(jj==i) continue;
         j++;
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
           exit(1);
         }
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           else
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }  
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     p=param[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     /* delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
           exit(1);
         }
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       }
     }
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
     /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%s",str);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
       for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1){
           printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       numlinepar++;
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
     }
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
       for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
      
     if(mle==1)
       printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
       
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         }
           
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         } 
         lstra=strlen(stra);
         if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
           stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
           num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
         }
         else
           num[i]=atol(stra);
           
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
           printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
         i=i+1;
       }
     }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);
     fclose(fic);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a
                                    month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     fclose(ficgp);
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,\
             model,fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strt);
     fclose(fichtm);
   
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);
   
     if(fileappend(fichtm, optionfilehtm)){
       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
           imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
       fclose(fichtm);
     }
       pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
     printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
     for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
       printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
     printf("\n");
     globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
     likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
     printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
     for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
       printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
     printf("\n");
     if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
       mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
     }
       
     /*--------- results files --------------*/
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
     
   
     jk=1;
     fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) 
           {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
       }
     }
     if(mle!=0){
       /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
       ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
       hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if (j!=i) {
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             jk++;
           }
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     if(mle==1)
       printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     for(i=1,k=1;i<=npar;i++){
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
           i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
           fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
           printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
       */
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%3d",i);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1)
           printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       k++;
     }
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     estepm=0;
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
     if (fage <= 2) {
       bage = ageminpar;
       fage = agemaxpar;
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
     fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
    
   
     dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
     dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
   
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   
     /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
     /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
   
     printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
   
     printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                  model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                  jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
    
     /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
     chdir(path);
    
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
     free_lvector(num,1,n);
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);
     /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     fclose(ficparo);
     fclose(ficres);
   
   
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
     strcat(filerespl,fileres);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     ftolpl=1.e-10;
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
         printf("\n#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fclose(ficrespl);
   
     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
     fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
   
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
     fclose(ficrespij);
   
     probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
     /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
     if(prevfcast==1){
       /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
   /*      }  */
   /*      else{ */
   /*        erreur=108; */
   /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*      } */
     }
     
   
     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
     strcpy(filerest,"t");
     strcat(filerest,fileres);
     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
     strcpy(filerese,"e");
     strcat(filerese,fileres);
     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
     /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
     prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
   ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     */
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
         if(popbased==1){
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
         }
   
    
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav ==0){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
       }
     }
     free_vector(weight,1,n);
     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     
     /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
     }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
     /*  fclose(fichtm);*/
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/ /* ALready done */
     
   
     if(erreur >0){
       printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
     }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     strtend=asctime(&tm);
     printf("Localtime at start %s and at end=%s",strt, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Localtime at start %s and at end=%s",strt, strtend); 
     /*  printf("Total time used %d Sec\n", asc_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);*/
   
     printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
     if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){
       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Localtime at start %s and at end=%s<br>",strt, strtend);
       fclose(fichtm);
     }
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     end:
   #ifdef windows
     /* chdir(pathcd);*/
   #endif 
    /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/
    /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
     strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     system(plotcmd);
     printf(" Wait...");
   
    /*#ifdef windows*/
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
       if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
       else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     /*#endif */
   }
   
   

Removed from v.1.19  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.86


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