Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.52 and 1.293

version 1.52, 2002/07/19 18:49:30 version 1.293, 2019/05/09 15:17:34
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain    $State$
     $Log$
   Short summary of the programme:    Revision 1.293  2019/05/09 15:17:34  brouard
      *** empty log message ***
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from  
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    Revision 1.292  2019/05/09 14:17:20  brouard
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    Summary: Some updates
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the  
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a    Revision 1.291  2019/05/09 13:44:18  brouard
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    Summary: Before ncovmax
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are  
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    Revision 1.290  2019/05/09 13:39:37  brouard
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the    Summary: 0.99r18 unlimited number of individuals
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The  
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    The number n which was limited to 20,000 cases is now unlimited, from firstobs to lastobs. If the number is too for the virtual memory, probably an error will occur.
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave  
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    Revision 1.289  2018/12/13 09:16:26  brouard
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    Summary: Bug for young ages (<-30) will be in r17
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more  
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    Revision 1.288  2018/05/02 20:58:27  brouard
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    Summary: Some bugs fixed
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the  
   convergence.    Revision 1.287  2018/05/01 17:57:25  brouard
     Summary: Bug fixed by providing frequencies only for non missing covariates
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple  
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    Revision 1.286  2018/04/27 14:27:04  brouard
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    Summary: some minor bugs
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into  
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.      Revision 1.285  2018/04/21 21:02:16  brouard
     Summary: Some bugs fixed, valgrind tested
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h  
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be    Revision 1.284  2018/04/20 05:22:13  brouard
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    Summary: Computing mean and stdeviation of fixed quantitative variables
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,  
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    Revision 1.283  2018/04/19 14:49:16  brouard
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    Summary: Some minor bugs fixed
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply  
   hPijx.    Revision 1.282  2018/02/27 22:50:02  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also  
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    Revision 1.281  2018/02/27 19:25:23  brouard
      Summary: Adding second argument for quitting
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).  
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    Revision 1.280  2018/02/21 07:58:13  brouard
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    Summary: 0.99r15
   from the European Union.  
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    New Makefile with recent VirtualBox 5.26. Bug in sqrt negatve in imach.c
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version  
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    Revision 1.279  2017/07/20 13:35:01  brouard
   **********************************************************************/    Summary: temporary working
    
 #include <math.h>    Revision 1.278  2017/07/19 14:09:02  brouard
 #include <stdio.h>    Summary: Bug for mobil_average=0 and prevforecast fixed(?)
 #include <stdlib.h>  
 #include <unistd.h>    Revision 1.277  2017/07/17 08:53:49  brouard
     Summary: BOM files can be read now
 #define MAXLINE 256  
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"    Revision 1.276  2017/06/30 15:48:31  brouard
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/    Summary: Graphs improvements
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80  
 /*#define DEBUG*/    Revision 1.275  2017/06/30 13:39:33  brouard
 #define windows    Summary: Saito's color
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */  
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */    Revision 1.274  2017/06/29 09:47:08  brouard
     Summary: Version 0.99r14
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */  
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */    Revision 1.273  2017/06/27 11:06:02  brouard
     Summary: More documentation on projections
 #define NINTERVMAX 8  
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */    Revision 1.272  2017/06/27 10:22:40  brouard
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    Summary: Color of backprojection changed from 6 to 5(yellow)
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */  
 #define MAXN 20000    Revision 1.271  2017/06/27 10:17:50  brouard
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    Summary: Some bug with rint
 #define AGESUP 130  
 #define AGEBASE 40    Revision 1.270  2017/05/24 05:45:29  brouard
 #ifdef windows    *** empty log message ***
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'  
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'    Revision 1.269  2017/05/23 08:39:25  brouard
 #else    Summary: Code into subroutine, cleanings
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'  
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'    Revision 1.268  2017/05/18 20:09:32  brouard
 #endif    Summary: backprojection and confidence intervals of backprevalence
   
 char version[80]="Imach version 0.8i, June 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";    Revision 1.267  2017/05/13 10:25:05  brouard
 int erreur; /* Error number */    Summary: temporary save for backprojection
 int nvar;  
 int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;    Revision 1.266  2017/05/13 07:26:12  brouard
 int npar=NPARMAX;    Summary: Version 0.99r13 (improvements and bugs fixed)
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */  
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */    Revision 1.265  2017/04/26 16:22:11  brouard
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    Summary: imach 0.99r13 Some bugs fixed
 int popbased=0;  
     Revision 1.264  2017/04/26 06:01:29  brouard
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    Summary: Labels in graphs
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */    Revision 1.263  2017/04/24 15:23:15  brouard
 int mle, weightopt;    Summary: to save
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    Revision 1.262  2017/04/18 16:48:12  brouard
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    *** empty log message ***
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */  
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    Revision 1.261  2017/04/05 10:14:09  brouard
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;    Summary: Bug in E_ as well as in T_ fixed nres-1 vs k1-1
 FILE *ficlog;  
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;    Revision 1.260  2017/04/04 17:46:59  brouard
 FILE *ficresprobmorprev;    Summary: Gnuplot indexations fixed (humm)
 FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */  
 FILE *ficreseij;    Revision 1.259  2017/04/04 13:01:16  brouard
 char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: Some errors to warnings only if date of death is unknown but status is death we could set to pi3
 FILE  *ficresvij;  
 char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.258  2017/04/03 10:17:47  brouard
 FILE  *ficresvpl;    Summary: Version 0.99r12
 char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
 char title[MAXLINE];    Some cleanings, conformed with updated documentation.
 char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
 char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.257  2017/03/29 16:53:30  brouard
     Summary: Temp
 char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];  
 char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */    Revision 1.256  2017/03/27 05:50:23  brouard
 char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: Temporary
 char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];  
 char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.255  2017/03/08 16:02:28  brouard
     Summary: IMaCh version 0.99r10 bugs in gnuplot fixed
 char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];  
     Revision 1.254  2017/03/08 07:13:00  brouard
 #define NR_END 1    Summary: Fixing data parameter line
 #define FREE_ARG char*  
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10    Revision 1.253  2016/12/15 11:59:41  brouard
     Summary: 0.99 in progress
 #define NRANSI  
 #define ITMAX 200    Revision 1.252  2016/09/15 21:15:37  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  
     Revision 1.251  2016/09/15 15:01:13  brouard
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660    Summary: not working
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);    Revision 1.250  2016/09/08 16:07:27  brouard
     Summary: continue
 #define GOLD 1.618034  
 #define GLIMIT 100.0    Revision 1.249  2016/09/07 17:14:18  brouard
 #define TINY 1.0e-20    Summary: Starting values from frequencies
   
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;    Revision 1.248  2016/09/07 14:10:18  brouard
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    *** empty log message ***
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  
      Revision 1.247  2016/09/02 11:11:21  brouard
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    *** empty log message ***
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)  
     Revision 1.246  2016/09/02 08:49:22  brouard
 static double sqrarg;    *** empty log message ***
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}    Revision 1.245  2016/09/02 07:25:01  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
 int imx;  
 int stepm;    Revision 1.244  2016/09/02 07:17:34  brouard
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    *** empty log message ***
   
 int estepm;    Revision 1.243  2016/09/02 06:45:35  brouard
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/    *** empty log message ***
   
 int m,nb;    Revision 1.242  2016/08/30 15:01:20  brouard
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;    Summary: Fixing a lots
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;    Revision 1.241  2016/08/29 17:17:25  brouard
 double dateintmean=0;    Summary: gnuplot problem in Back projection to fix
   
 double *weight;    Revision 1.240  2016/08/29 07:53:18  brouard
 int **s; /* Status */    Summary: Better
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;    Revision 1.239  2016/08/26 15:51:03  brouard
     Summary: Improvement in Powell output in order to copy and paste
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    Author:
   
 /**************** split *************************/    Revision 1.238  2016/08/26 14:23:35  brouard
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )    Summary: Starting tests of 0.99
 {  
    char *s;                             /* pointer */    Revision 1.237  2016/08/26 09:20:19  brouard
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */    Summary: to valgrind
   
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */    Revision 1.236  2016/08/25 10:50:18  brouard
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    *** empty log message ***
    s= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */  
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */    Revision 1.235  2016/08/25 06:59:23  brouard
      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)    *** empty log message ***
        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/  
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */    Revision 1.234  2016/08/23 16:51:20  brouard
       extern char       *getwd( );    *** empty log message ***
   
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {    Revision 1.233  2016/08/23 07:40:50  brouard
 #else    Summary: not working
       extern char       *getcwd( );  
     Revision 1.232  2016/08/22 14:20:21  brouard
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {    Summary: not working
 #endif  
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );    Revision 1.231  2016/08/22 07:17:15  brouard
       }    Summary: not working
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */  
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */    Revision 1.230  2016/08/22 06:55:53  brouard
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */    Summary: Not working
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */  
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    Revision 1.229  2016/07/23 09:45:53  brouard
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */    Summary: Completing for func too
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */  
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */    Revision 1.228  2016/07/22 17:45:30  brouard
    }    Summary: Fixing some arrays, still debugging
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  
 #ifdef windows    Revision 1.226  2016/07/12 18:42:34  brouard
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    Summary: temp
 #else  
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    Revision 1.225  2016/07/12 08:40:03  brouard
 #endif    Summary: saving but not running
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */  
    s++;    Revision 1.224  2016/07/01 13:16:01  brouard
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */    Summary: Fixes
    l1= strlen( name);  
    l2= strlen( s)+1;    Revision 1.223  2016/02/19 09:23:35  brouard
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);    Summary: temporary
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;  
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */    Revision 1.222  2016/02/17 08:14:50  brouard
 }    Summary: Probably last 0.98 stable version 0.98r6
   
     Revision 1.221  2016/02/15 23:35:36  brouard
 /******************************************/    Summary: minor bug
   
 void replace(char *s, char*t)    Revision 1.219  2016/02/15 00:48:12  brouard
 {    *** empty log message ***
   int i;  
   int lg=20;    Revision 1.218  2016/02/12 11:29:23  brouard
   i=0;    Summary: 0.99 Back projections
   lg=strlen(t);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    Revision 1.217  2015/12/23 17:18:31  brouard
     (s[i] = t[i]);    Summary: Experimental backcast
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  
   }    Revision 1.216  2015/12/18 17:32:11  brouard
 }    Summary: 0.98r4 Warning and status=-2
   
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)    Version 0.98r4 is now:
 {     - displaying an error when status is -1, date of interview unknown and date of death known;
   int i,j=0;     - permitting a status -2 when the vital status is unknown at a known date of right truncation.
   int lg=20;    Older changes concerning s=-2, dating from 2005 have been supersed.
   i=0;  
   lg=strlen(s);    Revision 1.215  2015/12/16 08:52:24  brouard
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    Summary: 0.98r4 working
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;  
   }    Revision 1.214  2015/12/16 06:57:54  brouard
   return j;    Summary: temporary not working
 }  
     Revision 1.213  2015/12/11 18:22:17  brouard
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)    Summary: 0.98r4
 {  
   /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it    Revision 1.212  2015/11/21 12:47:24  brouard
      and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)    Summary: minor typo
      gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */  
   int i,lg,j,p=0;    Revision 1.211  2015/11/21 12:41:11  brouard
   i=0;    Summary: 0.98r3 with some graph of projected cross-sectional
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;    Author: Nicolas Brouard
   }  
     Revision 1.210  2015/11/18 17:41:20  brouard
   lg=strlen(t);    Summary: Start working on projected prevalences  Revision 1.209  2015/11/17 22:12:03  brouard
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {    Summary: Adding ftolpl parameter
     (u[j] = t[j]);    Author: N Brouard
   }  
      u[p]='\0';    We had difficulties to get smoothed confidence intervals. It was due
     to the period prevalence which wasn't computed accurately. The inner
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {    parameter ftolpl is now an outer parameter of the .imach parameter
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);    file after estepm. If ftolpl is small 1.e-4 and estepm too,
   }    computation are long.
 }  
     Revision 1.208  2015/11/17 14:31:57  brouard
 /********************** nrerror ********************/    Summary: temporary
   
 void nrerror(char error_text[])    Revision 1.207  2015/10/27 17:36:57  brouard
 {    *** empty log message ***
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);    Revision 1.206  2015/10/24 07:14:11  brouard
   exit(1);    *** empty log message ***
 }  
 /*********************** vector *******************/    Revision 1.205  2015/10/23 15:50:53  brouard
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)    Summary: 0.98r3 some clarification for graphs on likelihood contributions
 {  
   double *v;    Revision 1.204  2015/10/01 16:20:26  brouard
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    Summary: Some new graphs of contribution to likelihood
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");  
   return v-nl+NR_END;    Revision 1.203  2015/09/30 17:45:14  brouard
 }    Summary: looking at better estimation of the hessian
   
 /************************ free vector ******************/    Also a better criteria for convergence to the period prevalence And
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)    therefore adding the number of years needed to converge. (The
 {    prevalence in any alive state shold sum to one
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  
 }    Revision 1.202  2015/09/22 19:45:16  brouard
     Summary: Adding some overall graph on contribution to likelihood. Might change
 /************************ivector *******************************/  
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)    Revision 1.201  2015/09/15 17:34:58  brouard
 {    Summary: 0.98r0
   int *v;  
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    - Some new graphs like suvival functions
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");    - Some bugs fixed like model=1+age+V2.
   return v-nl+NR_END;  
 }    Revision 1.200  2015/09/09 16:53:55  brouard
     Summary: Big bug thanks to Flavia
 /******************free ivector **************************/  
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    Even model=1+age+V2. did not work anymore
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    Revision 1.199  2015/09/07 14:09:23  brouard
 }    Summary: 0.98q6 changing default small png format for graph to vectorized svg.
   
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/    Revision 1.198  2015/09/03 07:14:39  brouard
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    Summary: 0.98q5 Flavia
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  
 {    Revision 1.197  2015/09/01 18:24:39  brouard
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    *** empty log message ***
   int **m;  
      Revision 1.196  2015/08/18 23:17:52  brouard
   /* allocate pointers to rows */    Summary: 0.98q5
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    Revision 1.195  2015/08/18 16:28:39  brouard
   m += NR_END;    Summary: Adding a hack for testing purpose
   m -= nrl;  
      After reading the title, ftol and model lines, if the comment line has
      a q, starting with #q, the answer at the end of the run is quit. It
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */    permits to run test files in batch with ctest. The former workaround was
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    $ echo q | imach foo.imach
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    Revision 1.194  2015/08/18 13:32:00  brouard
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    Summary:  Adding error when the covariance matrix doesn't contain the exact number of lines required by the model line.
    
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    Revision 1.193  2015/08/04 07:17:42  brouard
      Summary: 0.98q4
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  
   return m;    Revision 1.192  2015/07/16 16:49:02  brouard
 }    Summary: Fixing some outputs
   
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/    Revision 1.191  2015/07/14 10:00:33  brouard
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)    Summary: Some fixes
       int **m;  
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    Revision 1.190  2015/05/05 08:51:13  brouard
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */    Summary: Adding digits in output parameters (7 digits instead of 6)
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    Fix 1+age+.
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));  
 }    Revision 1.189  2015/04/30 14:45:16  brouard
     Summary: 0.98q2
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    Revision 1.188  2015/04/30 08:27:53  brouard
 {    *** empty log message ***
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;  
   double **m;    Revision 1.187  2015/04/29 09:11:15  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    Revision 1.186  2015/04/23 12:01:52  brouard
   m += NR_END;    Summary: V1*age is working now, version 0.98q1
   m -= nrl;  
     Some codes had been disabled in order to simplify and Vn*age was
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    working in the optimization phase, ie, giving correct MLE parameters,
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    but, as usual, outputs were not correct and program core dumped.
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    Revision 1.185  2015/03/11 13:26:42  brouard
     Summary: Inclusion of compile and links command line for Intel Compiler
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  
   return m;    Revision 1.184  2015/03/11 11:52:39  brouard
 }    Summary: Back from Windows 8. Intel Compiler
   
 /*************************free matrix ************************/    Revision 1.183  2015/03/10 20:34:32  brouard
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    Summary: 0.98q0, trying with directest, mnbrak fixed
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    We use directest instead of original Powell test; probably no
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    incidence on the results, but better justifications;
 }    We fixed Numerical Recipes mnbrak routine which was wrong and gave
     wrong results.
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/  
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)    Revision 1.182  2015/02/12 08:19:57  brouard
 {    Summary: Trying to keep directest which seems simpler and more general
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;    Author: Nicolas Brouard
   double ***m;  
     Revision 1.181  2015/02/11 23:22:24  brouard
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    Summary: Comments on Powell added
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;    Author:
   m -= nrl;  
     Revision 1.180  2015/02/11 17:33:45  brouard
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    Summary: Finishing move from main to function (hpijx and prevalence_limit)
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    Revision 1.179  2015/01/04 09:57:06  brouard
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    Summary: back to OS/X
   
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    Revision 1.178  2015/01/04 09:35:48  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");    Revision 1.177  2015/01/03 18:40:56  brouard
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;    Summary: Still testing ilc32 on OSX
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    Revision 1.176  2015/01/03 16:45:04  brouard
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    *** empty log message ***
    
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {    Revision 1.175  2015/01/03 16:33:42  brouard
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;    *** empty log message ***
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;    Revision 1.174  2015/01/03 16:15:49  brouard
   }    Summary: Still in cross-compilation
   return m;  
 }    Revision 1.173  2015/01/03 12:06:26  brouard
     Summary: trying to detect cross-compilation
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    Revision 1.172  2014/12/27 12:07:47  brouard
 {    Summary: Back from Visual Studio and Intel, options for compiling for Windows XP
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    Revision 1.171  2014/12/23 13:26:59  brouard
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    Summary: Back from Visual C
 }  
     Still problem with utsname.h on Windows
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  
 extern int ncom;    Revision 1.170  2014/12/23 11:17:12  brouard
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;    Summary: Cleaning some \%% back to %%
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  
      The escape was mandatory for a specific compiler (which one?), but too many warnings.
 double f1dim(double x)  
 {    Revision 1.169  2014/12/22 23:08:31  brouard
   int j;    Summary: 0.98p
   double f;  
   double *xt;    Outputs some informations on compiler used, OS etc. Testing on different platforms.
    
   xt=vector(1,ncom);    Revision 1.168  2014/12/22 15:17:42  brouard
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];    Summary: update
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);  
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);    Revision 1.167  2014/12/22 13:50:56  brouard
   return f;    Summary: Testing uname and compiler version and if compiled 32 or 64
 }  
     Testing on Linux 64
 /*****************brent *************************/  
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)    Revision 1.166  2014/12/22 11:40:47  brouard
 {    *** empty log message ***
   int iter;  
   double a,b,d,etemp;    Revision 1.165  2014/12/16 11:20:36  brouard
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    Summary: After compiling on Visual C
   double ftemp;  
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
   double e=0.0;  
      Revision 1.164  2014/12/16 10:52:11  brouard
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);    Summary: Merging with Visual C after suppressing some warnings for unused variables. Also fixing Saito's bug 0.98Xn
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);  
   x=w=v=bx;    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {    Revision 1.163  2014/12/16 10:30:11  brouard
     xm=0.5*(a+b);    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/    Revision 1.162  2014/09/25 11:43:39  brouard
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);    Summary: temporary backup 0.99!
     fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);  
 #ifdef DEBUG    Revision 1.1  2014/09/16 11:06:58  brouard
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    Summary: With some code (wrong) for nlopt
     fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */    Author:
 #endif  
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    Revision 1.161  2014/09/15 20:41:41  brouard
       *xmin=x;    Summary: Problem with macro SQR on Intel compiler
       return fx;  
     }    Revision 1.160  2014/09/02 09:24:05  brouard
     ftemp=fu;    *** empty log message ***
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {  
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);    Revision 1.159  2014/09/01 10:34:10  brouard
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);    Summary: WIN32
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;    Author: Brouard
       q=2.0*(q-r);  
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;    Revision 1.158  2014/08/27 17:11:51  brouard
       q=fabs(q);    *** empty log message ***
       etemp=e;  
       e=d;    Revision 1.157  2014/08/27 16:26:55  brouard
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    Summary: Preparing windows Visual studio version
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    Author: Brouard
       else {  
         d=p/q;    In order to compile on Visual studio, time.h is now correct and time_t
         u=x+d;    and tm struct should be used. difftime should be used but sometimes I
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    just make the differences in raw time format (time(&now).
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);    Trying to suppress #ifdef LINUX
       }    Add xdg-open for __linux in order to open default browser.
     } else {  
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    Revision 1.156  2014/08/25 20:10:10  brouard
     }    *** empty log message ***
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  
     fu=(*f)(u);    Revision 1.155  2014/08/25 18:32:34  brouard
     if (fu <= fx) {    Summary: New compile, minor changes
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;    Author: Brouard
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)    Revision 1.154  2014/06/20 17:32:08  brouard
         } else {    Summary: Outputs now all graphs of convergence to period prevalence
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;  
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {    Revision 1.153  2014/06/20 16:45:46  brouard
             v=w;    Summary: If 3 live state, convergence to period prevalence on same graph
             w=u;    Author: Brouard
             fv=fw;  
             fw=fu;    Revision 1.152  2014/06/18 17:54:09  brouard
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {    Summary: open browser, use gnuplot on same dir than imach if not found in the path
             v=u;  
             fv=fu;    Revision 1.151  2014/06/18 16:43:30  brouard
           }    *** empty log message ***
         }  
   }    Revision 1.150  2014/06/18 16:42:35  brouard
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");    Summary: If gnuplot is not in the path try on same directory than imach binary (OSX)
   *xmin=x;    Author: brouard
   return fx;  
 }    Revision 1.149  2014/06/18 15:51:14  brouard
     Summary: Some fixes in parameter files errors
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/    Author: Nicolas Brouard
   
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,    Revision 1.148  2014/06/17 17:38:48  brouard
             double (*func)(double))    Summary: Nothing new
 {    Author: Brouard
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;  
   double fu;    Just a new packaging for OS/X version 0.98nS
    
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    Revision 1.147  2014/06/16 10:33:11  brouard
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);    *** empty log message ***
   if (*fb > *fa) {  
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    Revision 1.146  2014/06/16 10:20:28  brouard
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)    Summary: Merge
       }    Author: Brouard
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);  
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);    Merge, before building revised version.
   while (*fb > *fc) {  
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);    Revision 1.145  2014/06/10 21:23:15  brouard
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);    Summary: Debugging with valgrind
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/    Author: Nicolas Brouard
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));  
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);    Lot of changes in order to output the results with some covariates
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {    After the Edimburgh REVES conference 2014, it seems mandatory to
       fu=(*func)(u);    improve the code.
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {    No more memory valgrind error but a lot has to be done in order to
       fu=(*func)(u);    continue the work of splitting the code into subroutines.
       if (fu < *fc) {    Also, decodemodel has been improved. Tricode is still not
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))    optimal. nbcode should be improved. Documentation has been added in
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))    the source code.
           }  
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {    Revision 1.143  2014/01/26 09:45:38  brouard
       u=ulim;    Summary: Version 0.98nR (to be improved, but gives same optimization results as 0.98k. Nice, promising
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     } else {    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    (Module): Version 0.98nR Running ok, but output format still only works for three covariates.
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     }    Revision 1.142  2014/01/26 03:57:36  brouard
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)    Summary: gnuplot changed plot w l 1 has to be changed to plot w l lt 2
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)  
       }    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
 }  
     Revision 1.141  2014/01/26 02:42:01  brouard
 /*************** linmin ************************/    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
   
 int ncom;    Revision 1.140  2011/09/02 10:37:54  brouard
 double *pcom,*xicom;    Summary: times.h is ok with mingw32 now.
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);  
      Revision 1.139  2010/06/14 07:50:17  brouard
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))    After the theft of my laptop, I probably lost some lines of codes which were not uploaded to the CVS tree.
 {    I remember having already fixed agemin agemax which are pointers now but not cvs saved.
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,  
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    Revision 1.138  2010/04/30 18:19:40  brouard
   double f1dim(double x);    *** empty log message ***
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,  
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    Revision 1.137  2010/04/29 18:11:38  brouard
   int j;    (Module): Checking covariates for more complex models
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;    than V1+V2. A lot of change to be done. Unstable.
   double fx,fb,fa;  
      Revision 1.136  2010/04/26 20:30:53  brouard
   ncom=n;    (Module): merging some libgsl code. Fixing computation
   pcom=vector(1,n);    of likelione (using inter/intrapolation if mle = 0) in order to
   xicom=vector(1,n);    get same likelihood as if mle=1.
   nrfunc=func;    Some cleaning of code and comments added.
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
     pcom[j]=p[j];    Revision 1.135  2009/10/29 15:33:14  brouard
     xicom[j]=xi[j];    (Module): Now imach stops if date of birth, at least year of birth, is not given. Some cleaning of the code.
   }  
   ax=0.0;    Revision 1.134  2009/10/29 13:18:53  brouard
   xx=1.0;    (Module): Now imach stops if date of birth, at least year of birth, is not given. Some cleaning of the code.
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    Revision 1.133  2009/07/06 10:21:25  brouard
 #ifdef DEBUG    just nforces
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    Revision 1.132  2009/07/06 08:22:05  brouard
 #endif    Many tings
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
     xi[j] *= xmin;    Revision 1.131  2009/06/20 16:22:47  brouard
     p[j] += xi[j];    Some dimensions resccaled
   }  
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);    Revision 1.130  2009/05/26 06:44:34  brouard
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);    (Module): Max Covariate is now set to 20 instead of 8. A
 }    lot of cleaning with variables initialized to 0. Trying to make
     V2+V3*age+V1+V4 strb=V3*age+V1+V4 working better.
 /*************** powell ************************/  
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,    Revision 1.129  2007/08/31 13:49:27  lievre
             double (*func)(double []))    Modification of the way of exiting when the covariate is not binary in order to see on the window the error message before exiting
 {  
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,    Revision 1.128  2006/06/30 13:02:05  brouard
               double (*func)(double []));    (Module): Clarifications on computing e.j
   int i,ibig,j;  
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;    Revision 1.127  2006/04/28 18:11:50  brouard
   double fp,fptt;    (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
   double *xits;    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
   pt=vector(1,n);    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
   ptt=vector(1,n);    (Module): In order to speed up (in case of numerous covariates) we
   xit=vector(1,n);    compute health expectancies (without variances) in a first step
   xits=vector(1,n);    and then all the health expectancies with variances or standard
   *fret=(*func)(p);    deviation (needs data from the Hessian matrices) which slows the
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    computation.
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    In the future we should be able to stop the program is only health
     fp=(*fret);    expectancies and graph are needed without standard deviations.
     ibig=0;  
     del=0.0;    Revision 1.126  2006/04/28 17:23:28  brouard
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    Version 0.98h
     fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);  
     printf("\n");    Revision 1.125  2006/04/04 15:20:31  lievre
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    Errors in calculation of health expectancies. Age was not initialized.
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    Forecasting file added.
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];  
       fptt=(*fret);    Revision 1.124  2006/03/22 17:13:53  lievre
 #ifdef DEBUG    Parameters are printed with %lf instead of %f (more numbers after the comma).
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);    The log-likelihood is printed in the log file
       fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);  
 #endif    Revision 1.123  2006/03/20 10:52:43  brouard
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    * imach.c (Module): <title> changed, corresponds to .htm file
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);    name. <head> headers where missing.
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {    * imach.c (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
         ibig=i;    otherwise the weight is truncated).
       }    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
 #ifdef DEBUG    1.
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    Version 0.98g
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));  
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    Revision 1.122  2006/03/20 09:45:41  brouard
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);    (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    otherwise the weight is truncated).
       }    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {    1.
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    Version 0.98g
         fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);  
       }    Revision 1.121  2006/03/16 17:45:01  lievre
       printf("\n");    * imach.c (Module): Comments concerning covariates added
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
 #endif    * imach.c (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
     }    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
 #ifdef DEBUG  
       int k[2],l;    Revision 1.120  2006/03/16 15:10:38  lievre
       k[0]=1;    (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
       k[1]=-1;    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
       fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));  
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    Revision 1.119  2006/03/15 17:42:26  brouard
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);    (Module): Bug if status = -2, the loglikelihood was
         fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);    computed as likelihood omitting the logarithm. Version O.98e
       }  
       printf("\n");    Revision 1.118  2006/03/14 18:20:07  brouard
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {    table of variances if popbased=1 .
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];    (Module): Function pstamp added
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    (Module): Version 0.98d
           fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);  
         }    Revision 1.117  2006/03/14 17:16:22  brouard
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
         fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    table of variances if popbased=1 .
       }    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
 #endif    (Module): Function pstamp added
     (Module): Version 0.98d
   
       free_vector(xit,1,n);    Revision 1.116  2006/03/06 10:29:27  brouard
       free_vector(xits,1,n);    (Module): Variance-covariance wrong links and
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);    varian-covariance of ej. is needed (Saito).
       free_vector(pt,1,n);  
       return;    Revision 1.115  2006/02/27 12:17:45  brouard
     }    (Module): One freematrix added in mlikeli! 0.98c
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");  
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    Revision 1.114  2006/02/26 12:57:58  brouard
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];    (Module): Some improvements in processing parameter
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];    filename with strsep.
       pt[j]=p[j];  
     }    Revision 1.113  2006/02/24 14:20:24  brouard
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);    (Module): Memory leaks checks with valgrind and:
     if (fptt < fp) {    datafile was not closed, some imatrix were not freed and on matrix
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);    allocation too.
       if (t < 0.0) {  
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    Revision 1.112  2006/01/30 09:55:26  brouard
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    (Module): Back to gnuplot.exe instead of wgnuplot.exe
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];  
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];    Revision 1.111  2006/01/25 20:38:18  brouard
         }    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
 #ifdef DEBUG    (Module): Comments can be added in data file. Missing date values
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    can be a simple dot '.'.
         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);  
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++){    Revision 1.110  2006/01/25 00:51:50  brouard
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);  
         }    Revision 1.109  2006/01/24 19:37:15  brouard
         printf("\n");    (Module): Comments (lines starting with a #) are allowed in data.
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
 #endif    Revision 1.108  2006/01/19 18:05:42  lievre
       }    Gnuplot problem appeared...
     }    To be fixed
   }  
 }    Revision 1.107  2006/01/19 16:20:37  brouard
     Test existence of gnuplot in imach path
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/  
     Revision 1.106  2006/01/19 13:24:36  brouard
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    Some cleaning and links added in html output
 {  
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    Revision 1.105  2006/01/05 20:23:19  lievre
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */    *** empty log message ***
   
   int i, ii,j,k;    Revision 1.104  2005/09/30 16:11:43  lievre
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
   double **matprod2();    (Module): If the status is missing at the last wave but we know
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();    that the person is alive, then we can code his/her status as -2
   double **newm;    (instead of missing=-1 in earlier versions) and his/her
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    contributions to the likelihood is 1 - Prob of dying from last
     health status (= 1-p13= p11+p12 in the easiest case of somebody in
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    the healthy state at last known wave). Version is 0.98
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    Revision 1.103  2005/09/30 15:54:49  lievre
     }    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
   
    cov[1]=1.;    Revision 1.102  2004/09/15 17:31:30  brouard
      Add the possibility to read data file including tab characters.
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */  
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){    Revision 1.101  2004/09/15 10:38:38  brouard
     newm=savm;    Fix on curr_time
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */  
      cov[2]=agefin;    Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
      Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {  
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/    *** empty log message ***
       }  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
     state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/    This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/    other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/    cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);    from other sources like vital statistic data.
   
     savm=oldm;    The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
     oldm=newm;  
     maxmax=0.;    Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){    former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
       min=1.;  
       max=0.;    The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {    the slope with 95% confident intervals.
         sumnew=0;  
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];    Current limitations:
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);    A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);    model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);    B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
       }  
       maxmin=max-min;    Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);    Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
     }    suppressed.
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){  
       return prlim;    Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
     }    * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
   }    rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
 }  
     Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/    * imach.c (Repository):
     (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )    matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
 {  
   double s1, s2;    Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
   /*double t34;*/    Just cleaning
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;  
     Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    (Module): Version 0.96b
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/  
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
       }    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
       ps[i][j]=s2;  
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
     }    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/    concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
       }  
       ps[i][j]=s2;    Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
     }    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
   }    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/    of the covariance matrix to be input.
   
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
      s1=0;    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    of the covariance matrix to be input.
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)  
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);    * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)  
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    Version 0.96
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];  
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
   } /* end i */    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
     routine fileappend.
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
       ps[ii][jj]=0;    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
       ps[ii][ii]=1;    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
     }    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
   }    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
     assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
     interview.
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
    }    truncation)
     printf("\n ");    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
     }  
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
 /*    * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
   goto end;*/    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
     return ps;    parcimony.
 }    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
   
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
     *** empty log message ***
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)  
 {    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */  
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized  */
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns  /*
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */     Interpolated Markov Chain
   long i, j, k;  
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)    Short summary of the programme:
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)    
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies or State-specific
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];    (if states aren't health statuses) Expectancies from
     cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: 
   return out;  
 }    -1- a first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages
     are interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in
     the case of a health survey which is our main interest)
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/  
     -2- at least a second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )    measure each change (if any) in individual health status.  Health
 {    expectancies are computed from the time spent in each health state
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month    according to a model. More health states you consider, more time is
      duration (i.e. until    necessary to reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    in the model.  The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step    where pij is the probability to be observed in state j at the second
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).    wave conditional to be observed in state i at the first
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    wave. Therefore the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex +
      included manually here.    etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to
     have a more complex model than "constant and age", you should modify
      */    the program where the markup *Covariates have to be included here
     again* invites you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
   int i, j, d, h, k;    convergence.
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];  
   double **newm;    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
     multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
     }    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
       newm=savm;    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
       cov[1]=1.;    hPijx.
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)    of the life expectancies. It also computes the period (stable) prevalence.
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  Back prevalence and projections:
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  
    - back_prevalence_limit(double *p, double **bprlim, double ageminpar,
      double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, double
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/     dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass, int
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/     mobilavproj)
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));      Computes the back prevalence limit for any combination of
       savm=oldm;      covariate values k at any age between ageminpar and agemaxpar and
       oldm=newm;      returns it in **bprlim. In the loops,
     }  
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)     - **bprevalim(**bprlim, ***mobaverage, nlstate, *p, age, **oldm,
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {         **savm, **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];  
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);     - hBijx Back Probability to be in state i at age x-h being in j at x
          */     Computes for any combination of covariates k and any age between bage and fage 
       }     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   } /* end h */                          oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
   return po;  
 }     - hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k, nres);
        Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
        'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
 double func( double *x)       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
 {  
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;       Returns p3mat[i][j][h] after calling
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];       p3mat[i][j][h]=matprod2(newm,
   double **out;       bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm,
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */       dsavm,ij),\ 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */       oldm);
   long ipmx;  
   /*extern weight */  Important routines
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */  
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/  - func (or funcone), computes logit (pij) distinguishing
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)    o fixed variables (single or product dummies or quantitative);
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);    o varying variables by:
   */     (1) wave (single, product dummies, quantitative), 
   cov[1]=1.;     (2) by age (can be month) age (done), age*age (done), age*Vn where Vn can be:
          % fixed dummy (treated) or quantitative (not done because time-consuming);
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;         % varying dummy (not done) or quantitative (not done);
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){  - Tricode which tests the modality of dummy variables (in order to warn with wrong or empty modalities)
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];    and returns the number of efficient covariates cptcoveff and modalities nbcode[Tvar[k]][1]= 0 and nbcode[Tvar[k]][2]= 1 usually.
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  - printinghtml which outputs results like life expectancy in and from a state for a combination of modalities of dummy variables
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    o There are 2*cptcoveff combinations of (0,1) for cptcoveff variables. Outputting only combinations with people, éliminating 1 1 if
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      race White (0 0), Black vs White (1 0), Hispanic (0 1) and 1 1 being meaningless.
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){  
         newm=savm;  
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;    
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
         }    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
            from the European Union.
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
         savm=oldm;    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
         oldm=newm;  
            Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
            or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
       } /* end mult */    
          **********************************************************************/
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);  /*
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/    main
       ipmx +=1;    read parameterfile
       sw += weight[i];    read datafile
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;    concatwav
     } /* end of wave */    freqsummary
   } /* end of individual */    if (mle >= 1)
       mlikeli
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];    print results files
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */    if mle==1 
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */       computes hessian
   return -l;    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
 }        begin-prev-date,...
     open gnuplot file
     open html file
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/    period (stable) prevalence      | pl_nom    1-1 2-2 etc by covariate
      for age prevalim()             | #****** V1=0  V2=1  V3=1  V4=0 ******
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))                                    | 65 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 0  0.96326 0.03674
 {      freexexit2 possible for memory heap.
   int i,j, iter;  
   double **xi,*delti;    h Pij x                         | pij_nom  ficrestpij
   double fret;     # Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j= 1-1 1-2     1-3     2-1     2-2     2-3
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);         1  85   85    1.00000             0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1.00000 0.00000
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)         1  85   86    0.68299             0.22291 0.09410 0.71093 0.00000 0.28907
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);         1  65   99    0.00364             0.00322 0.99314 0.00350 0.00310 0.99340
   printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");         1  65  100    0.00214             0.00204 0.99581 0.00206 0.00196 0.99597
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);    variance of p one-step probabilities varprob  | prob_nom   ficresprob #One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()
      Standard deviation of one-step probabilities | probcor_nom   ficresprobcor #One-step probabilities and correlation matrix
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));     Matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities |  probcov_nom ficresprobcov #One-step probabilities and covariance matrix
   fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));  
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
     health expectancies
 }    Variance-covariance of DFLE
     prevalence()
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/     movingaverage()
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))    varevsij() 
 {    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;    total life expectancies
   double **hess;    Variance of period (stable) prevalence
   int i, j,jk;   end
   int *indx;  */
   
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);  /* #define DEBUG */
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);  /* #define DEBUGBRENT */
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;  /* #define DEBUGLINMIN */
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;  /* #define DEBUGHESS */
   #define DEBUGHESSIJ
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  /* #define LINMINORIGINAL  /\* Don't use loop on scale in linmin (accepting nan) *\/ */
   #define POWELL /* Instead of NLOPT */
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");  #define POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST /* Skip test */
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");  /* #define POWELLORIGINAL /\* Don't use Directest to decide new direction but original Powell test *\/ */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  /* #define MNBRAKORIGINAL /\* Don't use mnbrak fix *\/ */
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);  #include <math.h>
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);  #include <stdio.h>
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/  #include <stdlib.h>
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/  #include <string.h>
   }  #include <ctype.h>
    
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  #ifdef _WIN32
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {  #include <io.h>
       if (j>i) {  #include <windows.h>
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);  #include <tchar.h>
         fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);  #else
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);  #include <unistd.h>
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];      #endif
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/  
       }  #include <limits.h>
     }  #include <sys/types.h>
   }  
   printf("\n");  #if defined(__GNUC__)
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  #include <sys/utsname.h> /* Doesn't work on Windows */
   #endif
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  #include <sys/stat.h>
    #include <errno.h>
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  /* extern int errno; */
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  
   x=vector(1,npar);  /* #ifdef LINUX */
   indx=ivector(1,npar);  /* #include <time.h> */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  /* #include "timeval.h" */
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];  /* #else */
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);  /* #include <sys/time.h> */
   /* #endif */
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  #include <time.h>
     x[j]=1;  
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  #ifdef GSL
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  #include <gsl/gsl_errno.h>
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];  #include <gsl/gsl_multimin.h>
     }  #endif
   }  
   
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  #ifdef NLOPT
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  #include <nlopt.h>
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  typedef struct {
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    double (* function)(double [] );
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);  } myfunc_data ;
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);  #endif
     }  
     printf("\n");  /* #include <libintl.h> */
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
   }  
   #define MAXLINE 2048 /* Was 256 and 1024. Overflow with 312 with 2 states and 4 covariates. Should be ok */
   /* Recompute Inverse */  
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
   
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
   #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  #define MAXPARM 128 /**< Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
     x[j]=1;  #define NPARMAX 64 /**< (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  #define NINTERVMAX 8
       y[i][j]=x[i];  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /**< Maximum number of live states (for func) */
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /**< Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);  #define NCOVMAX 20  /**< Maximum number of covariates, including generated covariates V1*V2 */
     }  #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
     printf("\n");  /*#define decodtabm(h,k,cptcoveff)= (h <= (1<<cptcoveff)?(((h-1) >> (k-1)) & 1) +1 : -1)*/
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  #define decodtabm(h,k,cptcoveff) (((h-1) >> (k-1)) & 1) +1 
   }  /*#define MAXN 20000 */ /* Should by replaced by nobs, real number of observations and unlimited */
   */  #define YEARM 12. /**< Number of months per year */
   /* #define AGESUP 130 */
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);  /* #define AGESUP 150 */
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);  #define AGESUP 200
   free_vector(x,1,npar);  #define AGEINF 0
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);  #define AGEMARGE 25 /* Marge for agemin and agemax for(iage=agemin-AGEMARGE; iage <= agemax+3+AGEMARGE; iage++) */
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);  #define AGEBASE 40
   #define AGEOVERFLOW 1.e20
   #define AGEGOMP 10 /**< Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
 }  #ifdef _WIN32
   #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/  #define CHARSEPARATOR "\\"
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
 {  #else
   int i;  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
   int l=1, lmax=20;  #define CHARSEPARATOR "/"
   double k1,k2;  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  #endif
   double res;  
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;  /* $Id$ */
   double fx;  /* $State$ */
   int k=0,kmax=10;  #include "version.h"
   double l1;  char version[]=__IMACH_VERSION__;
   char copyright[]="April 2018,INED-EUROREVES-Institut de longevite-Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121), Intel Software 2015-2018";
   fx=func(x);  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  char strstart[80];
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH];
     l1=pow(10,l);  int erreur=0, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
     delts=delt;  int nagesqr=0, nforce=0; /* nagesqr=1 if model is including age*age, number of forces */
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){  /* Number of covariates model=V2+V1+ V3*age+V2*V4 */
       delt = delta*(l1*k);  int cptcovn=0; /**< cptcovn number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age and age*product) */
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;  int cptcovt=0; /**< cptcovt number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age) */
       k1=func(p2)-fx;  int cptcovs=0; /**< cptcovs number of simple covariates in the model V2+V1 =2 */
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;  int cptcovsnq=0; /**< cptcovsnq number of simple covariates in the model but non quantitative V2+V1 =2 */
       k2=func(p2)-fx;  int cptcovage=0; /**< Number of covariates with age: V3*age only =1 */
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */  int cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age */   
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */  int cptcoveff=0; /* Total number of covariates to vary for printing results */
        int ncovf=0; /* Total number of effective fixed covariates (dummy or quantitative) in the model */
 #ifdef DEBUG  int ncovv=0; /* Total number of effective (wave) varying covariates (dummy or quantitative) in the model */
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);  int ncova=0; /* Total number of effective (wave and stepm) varying with age covariates (dummy of quantitative) in the model */
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);  int nsd=0; /**< Total number of single dummy variables (output) */
 #endif  int nsq=0; /**< Total number of single quantitative variables (output) */
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */  int ncoveff=0; /* Total number of effective fixed dummy covariates in the model */
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){  int nqfveff=0; /**< nqfveff Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
         k=kmax;  int ntveff=0; /**< ntveff number of effective time varying variables */
       }  int nqtveff=0; /**< ntqveff number of effective time varying quantitative variables */
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */  int cptcov=0; /* Working variable */
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;  int nobs=10;  /* Number of observations in the data lastobs-firstobs */
       }  int ncovcombmax=NCOVMAX; /* Maximum calculated number of covariate combination = pow(2, cptcoveff) */
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){  int npar=NPARMAX;
         delts=delt;  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
       }  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
     }  int ncovmodel=0, ncovcol=0;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
   }  int  nqv=0, ntv=0, nqtv=0;    /* Total number of quantitative variables, time variable (dummy), quantitative and time variable */ 
   delti[theta]=delts;  int popbased=0;
   return res;  
    int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 }  int maxwav=0; /* Maxim number of waves */
   int jmin=0, jmax=0; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)  int ijmin=0, ijmax=0; /* Individuals having jmin and jmax */ 
 {  int gipmx=0, gsw=0; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
   int i;                     to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;  int mle=1, weightopt=0;
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
   int k;  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
              * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   fx=func(x);  int countcallfunc=0;  /* Count the number of calls to func */
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {  int selected(int kvar); /* Is covariate kvar selected for printing results */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;  double jmean=1; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  double **matprod2(); /* test */
     k1=func(p2)-fx;  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
    double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;  double   **ddnewms, **ddoldms, **ddsavms; /* for freeing later */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  
     k2=func(p2)-fx;  /*FILE *fic ; */ /* Used in readdata only */
    FILE *ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres, *ficresp, *ficresphtm, *ficresphtmfr, *ficrespl, *ficresplb,*ficrespij, *ficrespijb, *ficrest,*ficresf, *ficresfb,*ficrespop;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  int globpr=0; /* Global variable for printing or not */
     k3=func(p2)-fx;  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
    long ipmx=0; /* Number of contributions */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
     k4=func(p2)-fx;  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */  FILE *ficresilk;
 #ifdef DEBUG  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);  FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
 #endif  FILE *ficreseij;
   }  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
   return res;  FILE *ficresstdeij;
 }  char fileresstde[FILENAMELENGTH];
   FILE *ficrescveij;
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/  char filerescve[FILENAMELENGTH];
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)  FILE  *ficresvij;
 {  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
   int i,imax,j,k;  
   double big,dum,sum,temp;  char title[MAXLINE];
   double *vv;  char model[MAXLINE]; /**< The model line */
    char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH],  fileresplb[FILENAMELENGTH];
   vv=vector(1,n);  char plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH], pplotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
   *d=1.0;  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
     big=0.0;  int  outcmd=0;
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)  
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespijb[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");  char fileresu[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* fileres without r in front */
     vv[i]=1.0/big;  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
   }  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
       sum=a[i][j];  
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
       a[i][j]=sum;  
     }  /* struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time; */
     big=0.0;  /* struct timezone tzp; */
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {  /* extern int gettimeofday(); */
       sum=a[i][j];  struct tm tml, *gmtime(), *localtime();
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)  
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  extern time_t time();
       a[i][j]=sum;  
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {  struct tm start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
         big=dum;  time_t  rstart_time, rend_time, rcurr_time, rlast_time, rforecast_time; /* raw time */
         imax=i;  struct tm tm;
       }  
     }  char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
     if (j != imax) {  
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {  char *endptr;
         dum=a[imax][k];  long lval;
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];  double dval;
         a[j][k]=dum;  
       }  #define NR_END 1
       *d = -(*d);  #define FREE_ARG char*
       vv[imax]=vv[j];  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
     }  
     indx[j]=imax;  #define NRANSI 
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;  #define ITMAX 200
     if (j != n) {  #define ITPOWMAX 20 /* This is now multiplied by the number of parameters */ 
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);  
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
     }  
   }  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
 ;  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 }  
   #define GOLD 1.618034 
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 {  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;  
   double sum;  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
    #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
     ip=indx[i];    
     sum=b[ip];  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
     b[ip]=b[i];  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
     if (ii)  /* http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~robbers/cmbeasy/doc/html/myutils_8h-source.html */
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];  #define mytinydouble 1.0e-16
     else if (sum) ii=i;  /* #define DEQUAL(a,b) (fabs((a)-(b))<mytinydouble) */
     b[i]=sum;  /* http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~robbers/cmbeasy/doc/html/mynrutils_8h-source.html */
   }  /* static double dsqrarg; */
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {  /* #define DSQR(a) (DEQUAL((dsqrarg=(a)),0.0) ? 0.0 : dsqrarg*dsqrarg) */
     sum=b[i];  static double sqrarg;
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   }  int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
 }  
   int imx; 
 /************ Frequencies ********************/  int stepm=1;
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
 {  /* Some frequencies */  
    int estepm;
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   int first;  
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  int m,nb;
   double *pp;  long *num;
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *cens;
   FILE *ficresp;  int *ncodemax;  /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the j th
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];                     covariate for which somebody answered excluding 
                       undefined. Usually 2: 0 and 1. */
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  int *ncodemaxwundef;  /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the j th
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);                               covariate for which somebody answered including 
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");                               undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {  double **pmmij, ***probs; /* Global pointer */
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);  double ***mobaverage, ***mobaverages; /* New global variable */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);  double *ageexmed,*agecens;
     exit(0);  double dateintmean=0;
   }  
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);  double *weight;
   j1=0;  int **s; /* Status */
    double *agedc;
   j=cptcoveff;  double  **covar; /**< covar[j,i], value of jth covariate for individual i,
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}                    * covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
                     * cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*age; */
   first=1;  double **coqvar; /* Fixed quantitative covariate nqv */
   double ***cotvar; /* Time varying covariate ntv */
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){  double ***cotqvar; /* Time varying quantitative covariate itqv */
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  double  idx; 
       j1++;  int **nbcode, *Tvar; /**< model=V2 => Tvar[1]= 2 */
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);  /*           V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         scanf("%d", i);*/  /*k          1  2   3   4     5    6    7     8    9 */
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    /*Tvar[k]=   5  4   3   6     5    2    7     1    1 */
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    /* Tndvar[k]    1   2   3               4          5 */
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)  /*TDvar         4   3   6               7          1 */ /* For outputs only; combination of dummies fixed or varying */
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;  /* Tns[k]    1  2   2              4               5 */ /* Number of single cova */
        /* TvarsD[k]    1   2                              3 */ /* Number of single dummy cova */
       dateintsum=0;  /* TvarsDind    2   3                              9 */ /* position K of single dummy cova */
       k2cpt=0;  /* TvarsQ[k] 1                     2                 */ /* Number of single quantitative cova */
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {  /* TvarsQind 1                     6                 */ /* position K of single quantitative cova */
         bool=1;  /* Tprod[i]=k           4               7            */
         if  (cptcovn>0) {  /* Tage[i]=k                  5               8      */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)  /* */
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])  /* Type                    */
               bool=0;  /* V         1  2  3  4  5 */
         }  /*           F  F  V  V  V */
         if (bool==1) {  /*           D  Q  D  D  Q */
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){  /*                         */
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);  int *TvarsD;
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {  int *TvarsDind;
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;  int *TvarsQ;
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;  int *TvarsQind;
               if (m<lastpass) {  
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  #define MAXRESULTLINES 10
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];  int nresult=0;
               }  int parameterline=0; /* # of the parameter (type) line */
                int TKresult[MAXRESULTLINES];
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {  int Tresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX];/* For dummy variable , value (output) */
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;  int Tinvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX];/* For dummy variable , value (output) */
                 k2cpt++;  int Tvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For dummy variable , variable # (output) */
               }  double Tqresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , value (output) */
             }  double Tqinvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , value (output) */
           }  int Tvqresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , variable # (output) */
         }  
       }  /* int *TDvar; /\**< TDvar[1]=4,  TDvarF[2]=3, TDvar[3]=6  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 *\/ */
          int *TvarF; /**< TvarF[1]=Tvar[6]=2,  TvarF[2]=Tvar[7]=7, TvarF[3]=Tvar[9]=1  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);  int *TvarFind; /**< TvarFind[1]=6,  TvarFind[2]=7, Tvarind[3]=9  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
   int *TvarV; /**< TvarV[1]=Tvar[1]=5, TvarV[2]=Tvar[2]=4  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       if  (cptcovn>0) {  int *TvarVind; /**< TvarVind[1]=1, TvarVind[2]=2  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");  int *TvarA; /**< TvarA[1]=Tvar[5]=5, TvarA[2]=Tvar[8]=1  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  int *TvarAind; /**< TvarindA[1]=5, TvarAind[2]=8  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");  int *TvarFD; /**< TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       }  int *TvarFDind; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  int *TvarFQ; /* TvarFQ[1]=V2 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);  int *TvarFQind; /* TvarFQind[1]=6 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");  int *TvarVD; /* TvarVD[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
        int *TvarVDind; /* TvarVDind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){  int *TvarVQ; /* TvarVQ[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         if(i==(int)agemax+3){  int *TvarVQind; /* TvarVQind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
           fprintf(ficlog,"Total");  
         }else{  int *Tvarsel; /**< Selected covariates for output */
           if(first==1){  double *Tvalsel; /**< Selected modality value of covariate for output */
             first=0;  int *Typevar; /**< 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product */
             printf("See log file for details...\n");  int *Fixed; /** Fixed[k] 0=fixed, 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product */ 
           }  int *Dummy; /** Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product */ 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);  int *DummyV; /** Dummy[v] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative */
         }  int *FixedV; /** FixedV[v] 0 fixed, 1 varying */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  int *Tage;
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)  int anyvaryingduminmodel=0; /**< Any varying dummy in Model=1 yes, 0 no, to avoid a loop on waves in freq */ 
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  int *Tmodelind; /** Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9 for V1 position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/
         }  int *TmodelInvind; /** Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9 for V1 position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/ 
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  int *TmodelInvQind; /** Tmodelqind[1]=1 for V5(quantitative varying) position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1  */
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)  int *Ndum; /** Freq of modality (tricode */
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];  /* int **codtab;*/ /**< codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); */
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){  int **Tvard;
             if(first==1){  int *Tprod;/**< Gives the k position of the k1 product */
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);  /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3  */
             }  int *Tposprod; /**< Gives the k1 product from the k position */
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);     /* if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2) */
           }else{     /* Tposprod[k]=k1 , Tposprod[3]=1, Tposprod[5(V3*V2)]=2 (2nd product without age) */
             if(first==1)  int cptcovprod, *Tvaraff, *invalidvarcomb;
               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  
           }  #define FD 1; /* Fixed dummy covariate */
         }  #define FQ 2; /* Fixed quantitative covariate */
   #define FP 3; /* Fixed product covariate */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  #define FPDD 7; /* Fixed product dummy*dummy covariate */
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  #define FPDQ 8; /* Fixed product dummy*quantitative covariate */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  #define FPQQ 9; /* Fixed product quantitative*quantitative covariate */
         }  #define VD 10; /* Varying dummy covariate */
   #define VQ 11; /* Varying quantitative covariate */
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)  #define VP 12; /* Varying product covariate */
           pos += pp[jk];  #define VPDD 13; /* Varying product dummy*dummy covariate */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  #define VPDQ 14; /* Varying product dummy*quantitative covariate */
           if(pos>=1.e-5){  #define VPQQ 15; /* Varying product quantitative*quantitative covariate */
             if(first==1)  #define APFD 16; /* Age product * fixed dummy covariate */
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);  #define APFQ 17; /* Age product * fixed quantitative covariate */
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);  #define APVD 18; /* Age product * varying dummy covariate */
           }else{  #define APVQ 19; /* Age product * varying quantitative covariate */
             if(first==1)  
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  #define FTYPE 1; /* Fixed covariate */
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  #define VTYPE 2; /* Varying covariate (loop in wave) */
           }  #define ATYPE 2; /* Age product covariate (loop in dh within wave)*/
           if( i <= (int) agemax){  
             if(pos>=1.e-5){  struct kmodel{
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);          int maintype; /* main type */
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;          int subtype; /* subtype */
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/  };
             }  struct kmodel modell[NCOVMAX];
             else  
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);  double ftol=FTOL; /**< Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
           }  double ftolhess; /**< Tolerance for computing hessian */
         }  
          /**************** split *************************/
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  {
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {    /* From a file name with (full) path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
             if(first==1)       the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
               printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);    */ 
               fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
             }    int   l1=0, l2=0;                             /* length counters */
         if(i <= (int) agemax)  
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
         if(first==1)    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
           printf("Others in log...\n");    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so determine current directory */
       }      strcpy( name, path );               /* we got the fullname name because no directory */
     }      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
   }        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;      /* get current working directory */
        /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
   fclose(ficresp);  #ifdef WIN32
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);      if (_getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);  #else
            if (getcwd(dirc, FILENAME_MAX) == NULL) {
   /* End of Freq */  #endif
 }        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
       }
 /************ Prevalence ********************/      /* got dirc from getcwd*/
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)      printf(" DIRC = %s \n",dirc);
 {  /* Some frequencies */    } else {                              /* strip directory from path */
        ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   double *pp;      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
   double pos, k2;      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
       dirc[l1-l2] = '\0';                 /* add zero */
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);      printf(" DIRC2 = %s \n",dirc);
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    }
      /* We add a separator at the end of dirc if not exists */
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
   j1=0;    if( dirc[l1-1] != DIRSEPARATOR ){
        dirc[l1] =  DIRSEPARATOR;
   j=cptcoveff;      dirc[l1+1] = 0; 
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}      printf(" DIRC3 = %s \n",dirc);
      }
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    if (ss >0){
       j1++;      ss++;
            strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)        l1= strlen( name);
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)        l2= strlen(ss)+1;
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)      strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
          }
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {  
         bool=1;    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
         if  (cptcovn>0) {  }
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)  
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])  
               bool=0;  /******************************************/
         }  
         if (bool==1) {  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){  {
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);    int i;
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {    int lg=0;
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;    i=0;
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;    lg=strlen(t);
               if (m<lastpass) {    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
                 if (calagedate>0)      (s[i] = t[i]);
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
                 else    }
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  }
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];  
               }  char *trimbb(char *out, char *in)
             }  { /* Trim multiple blanks in line but keeps first blanks if line starts with blanks */
           }    char *s;
         }    s=out;
       }    while (*in != '\0'){
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){      while( *in == ' ' && *(in+1) == ' '){ /* && *(in+1) != '\0'){*/
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        in++;
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)      }
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];      *out++ = *in++;
         }    }
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    *out='\0';
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)    return s;
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];  }
         }  
          /* char *substrchaine(char *out, char *in, char *chain) */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /* { */
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  /*   /\* Substract chain 'chain' from 'in', return and output 'out' *\/ */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  /*   char *s, *t; */
         }  /*   t=in;s=out; */
          /*   while ((*in != *chain) && (*in != '\0')){ */
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];  /*     *out++ = *in++; */
          /*   } */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      
           if( i <= (int) agemax){  /*   /\* *in matches *chain *\/ */
             if(pos>=1.e-5){  /*   while ((*in++ == *chain++) && (*in != '\0')){ */
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;  /*     printf("*in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
             }  /*   } */
           }  /*   in--; chain--; */
         }/* end jk */  /*   while ( (*in != '\0')){ */
       }/* end i */  /*     printf("Bef *in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
     } /* end i1 */  /*     *out++ = *in++; */
   } /* end k1 */  /*     printf("Aft *in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
   /*   } */
    /*   *out='\0'; */
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);  /*   out=s; */
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);  /*   return out; */
    /* } */
 }  /* End of Freq */  char *substrchaine(char *out, char *in, char *chain)
   {
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/    /* Substract chain 'chain' from 'in', return and output 'out' */
     /* in="V1+V1*age+age*age+V2", chain="age*age" */
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)  
 {    char *strloc;
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.  
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).    strcpy (out, in); 
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i    strloc = strstr(out, chain); /* strloc points to out at age*age+V2 */
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]    printf("Bef strloc=%s chain=%s out=%s \n", strloc, chain, out);
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.    if(strloc != NULL){ 
      */      /* will affect out */ /* strloc+strlenc(chain)=+V2 */ /* Will also work in Unicode */
       memmove(strloc,strloc+strlen(chain), strlen(strloc+strlen(chain))+1);
   int i, mi, m;      /* strcpy (strloc, strloc +strlen(chain));*/
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;    }
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/    printf("Aft strloc=%s chain=%s in=%s out=%s \n", strloc, chain, in, out);
   int first;    return out;
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;  }
   double sum=0.;  
   first=0;  
   jmin=1e+5;  char *cutl(char *blocc, char *alocc, char *in, char occ)
   jmax=-1;  {
   jmean=0.;    /* cuts string in into blocc and alocc where blocc ends before FIRST occurence of char 'occ' 
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){       and alocc starts after first occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(blocc,alocc,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
     mi=0;       gives blocc="abcdef" and alocc="ghi2j".
     m=firstpass;       If occ is not found blocc is null and alocc is equal to in. Returns blocc
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){    */
       if(s[m][i]>=1)    char *s, *t;
         mw[++mi][i]=m;    t=in;s=in;
       if(m >=lastpass)    while ((*in != occ) && (*in != '\0')){
         break;      *alocc++ = *in++;
       else    }
         m++;    if( *in == occ){
     }/* end while */      *(alocc)='\0';
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){      s=++in;
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */    }
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */   
          /* Only death is a correct wave */    if (s == t) {/* occ not found */
       mw[mi][i]=m;      *(alocc-(in-s))='\0';
     }      in=s;
     }
     wav[i]=mi;    while ( *in != '\0'){
     if(mi==0){      *blocc++ = *in++;
       if(first==0){    }
         printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);  
         first=1;    *blocc='\0';
       }    return t;
       if(first==1){  }
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);  char *cutv(char *blocc, char *alocc, char *in, char occ)
       }  {
     } /* end mi==0 */    /* cuts string in into blocc and alocc where blocc ends before LAST occurence of char 'occ' 
   }       and alocc starts after last occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(blocc,alocc,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
        gives blocc="abcdef2ghi" and alocc="j".
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){       If occ is not found blocc is null and alocc is equal to in. Returns alocc
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){    */
       if (stepm <=0)    char *s, *t;
         dh[mi][i]=1;    t=in;s=in;
       else{    while (*in != '\0'){
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {      while( *in == occ){
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {        *blocc++ = *in++;
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);        s=in;
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */      }
           k=k+1;      *blocc++ = *in++;
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    }
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;    if (s == t) /* occ not found */
           sum=sum+j;      *(blocc-(in-s))='\0';
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */    else
           }      *(blocc-(in-s)-1)='\0';
         }    in=s;
         else{    while ( *in != '\0'){
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));      *alocc++ = *in++;
           k=k+1;    }
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;  
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;    *alocc='\0';
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */    return s;
           sum=sum+j;  }
         }  
         jk= j/stepm;  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
         jl= j -jk*stepm;  {
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;    int i,j=0;
         if(jl <= -ju)    int lg=20;
           dh[mi][i]=jk;    i=0;
         else    lg=strlen(s);
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)      if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */    }
       }    return j;
     }  }
   }  
   jmean=sum/k;  /* void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ) */
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);  /* { */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);  /*   /\* cuts string t into u and v where u ends before last occurence of char 'occ'  */
  }  /*      and v starts after last occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2') */
   /*      gives u="abcdef2ghi" and v="j" *\/ */
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/  /*   int i,lg,j,p=0; */
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)  /*   i=0; */
 {  /*   lg=strlen(t); */
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;  /*   for(j=0; j<=lg-1; j++) { */
   int cptcode=0;  /*     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1; */
   cptcoveff=0;  /*   } */
    
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;  /*   for(j=0; j<p; j++) { */
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;  /*     (u[j] = t[j]); */
   /*   } */
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {  /*      u[p]='\0'; */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {  
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);  /*    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) { */
       Ndum[ij]++;  /*     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]); */
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/  /*   } */
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;  /* } */
     }  
   #ifdef _WIN32
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {  char * strsep(char **pp, const char *delim)
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;  {
     }    char *p, *q;
     ij=1;           
     if ((p = *pp) == NULL)
       return 0;
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {    if ((q = strpbrk (p, delim)) != NULL)
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {    {
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {      *pp = q + 1;
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;      *q = '\0';
              }
           ij++;    else
         }      *pp = 0;
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;    return p;
       }    }
     }  #endif
   }    
   /********************** nrerror ********************/
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;  
   void nrerror(char error_text[])
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {  {
    ij=Tvar[i];    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
    Ndum[ij]++;    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
  }    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
  ij=1;  /*********************** vector *******************/
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){  {
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;    double *v;
      ij++;    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
    }    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
  }    return v-nl+NR_END;
    }
  cptcoveff=ij-1;  
 }  /************************ free vector ******************/
   void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )  }
   
 {  /************************ivector *******************************/
   /* Health expectancies */  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;  {
   double age, agelim, hf;    int *v;
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   double *xp;    return v-nl+NR_END;
   double **gp, **gm;  }
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;  
   int theta;  /******************free ivector **************************/
   void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);  {
   xp=vector(1,npar);    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  }
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);  
    /************************lvector *******************************/
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");  {
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    long *v;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    return v-nl+NR_END;
   }
   if(estepm < stepm){  
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);  /******************free lvector **************************/
   }  void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
   else  hstepm=estepm;    {
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example  }
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them  
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months  { 
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise    int **m; 
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */    
     /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim    m += NR_END; 
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.    m -= nrl; 
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size    
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */    
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
   */    
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
     
   agelim=AGESUP;    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    return m; 
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */  } 
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);  
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */        int **m;
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  { 
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
     free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored  } 
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */  
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);    /******************* matrix *******************************/
    double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
   {
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
     double **m;
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */  
     m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){    m += NR_END;
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    m -= nrl;
       }  
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
      if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
       cptj=0;    m[nrl] += NR_END;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    m[nrl] -= ncl;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){  
           cptj=cptj+1;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    return m;
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) or &(m[1][0])
           }  m[i] = address of ith row of the table. &(m[i]) is its value which is another adress
         }  that of m[i][0]. In order to get the value p m[i][0] but it is unitialized.
       }     */
        }
        
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)  /*************************free matrix ************************/
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    {
          free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       cptj=0;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  }
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){  
           cptj=cptj+1;  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;  {
           }    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
         }    double ***m;
       }  
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];    m += NR_END;
         }    m -= nrl;
      }  
        m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 /* End theta */    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     m[nrl] += NR_END;
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)  
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
          m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
     m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;    
     for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){    }
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    return m; 
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)    */
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;  }
       }  
     }  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
     /* Computing expectancies */  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  {
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
            }
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/  
   /*************** function subdirf ***********/
         }  char *subdirf(char fileres[])
   {
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     cptj=0;    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
         cptj++;    return tmpout;
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );  }
       }  
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");  /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
      char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  {
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    strcat(tmpout,"/");
   }    strcat(tmpout,preop);
   printf("\n");    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    return tmpout;
   }
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);  {
 }    
     /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
 /************ Variance ******************/    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
 void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased)    strcat(tmpout,"/");
 {    strcat(tmpout,preop);
   /* Variance of health expectancies */    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   /* double **newm;*/    return tmpout;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  }
   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;   
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;  /*************** function subdirfext ***********/
   int k, cptcode;  char *subdirfext(char fileres[], char *preop, char *postop)
   double *xp;  {
   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */    
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */    strcpy(tmpout,preop);
   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */    strcat(tmpout,postop);
   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */    return tmpout;
   double ***p3mat;  }
   double age,agelim, hf;  
   int theta;  /*************** function subdirfext3 ***********/
   char digit[4];  char *subdirfext3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *postop)
   char digitp[16];  {
     
   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
   if(popbased==1)    strcat(tmpout,"/");
     strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-");    strcat(tmpout,preop);
   else    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");    strcat(tmpout,postop);
     return tmpout;
   strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev");  }
   sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);   
   /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/  char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */  {
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not */    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);    days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
   if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);    hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);    sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
   }    minutes = (sec_left) /60;
   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);    sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);    sprintf(ascdiff,"%ld day(s) %ld hour(s) %ld minute(s) %ld second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");    return ascdiff;
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);  }
   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);  /***************** f1dim *************************/
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  extern int ncom; 
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
   }    extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");   
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {  double f1dim(double x) 
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);  { 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    int j; 
     exit(0);    double f;
   }    double *xt; 
   else{   
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
   }    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    return f; 
     exit(0);  } 
   }  
   else{  /*****************brent *************************/
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   }  {
   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    /* Given a function f, and given a bracketing triplet of abscissas ax, bx, cx (such that bx is
      * between ax and cx, and f(bx) is less than both f(ax) and f(cx) ), this routine isolates
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");     * the minimum to a fractional precision of about tol using Brent’s method. The abscissa of
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");     * the minimum is returned as xmin, and the minimum function value is returned as brent , the
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)     * returned function value. 
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    */
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);    int iter; 
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");    double a,b,d,etemp;
     double fu=0,fv,fw,fx;
   xp=vector(1,npar);    double ftemp=0.;
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    double e=0.0; 
   dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);   
   doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
     b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
   gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    x=w=v=bx; 
   gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
   gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
   trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
        tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
   if(estepm < stepm){      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
   }      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
   else  hstepm=estepm;    #ifdef DEBUGBRENT
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.  #endif
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
      and note for a fixed period like k years */        *xmin=x; 
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the        return fx; 
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it      } 
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if      ftemp=fu;
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
   */        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
   agelim = AGESUP;        q=2.0*(q-r); 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        q=fabs(q); 
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */        etemp=e; 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        e=d; 
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);                                  d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        else { 
                                   d=p/q; 
                                   u=x+d; 
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){                                  if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */                                          d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        } 
       }      } else { 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      } 
       u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
       if (popbased==1) {      fu=(*f)(u); 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      if (fu <= fx) { 
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
       }        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){      } else { 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)        if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];                                  v=w; 
         }                                  w=u; 
       }                                  fv=fw; 
       /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */                                  fw=fu; 
       for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)                                  v=u; 
           gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];                                  fv=fu; 
       }            } 
       /* end force of mortality */      } 
     } 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    *xmin=x; 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      return fx; 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  } 
    
       if (popbased==1) {  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
       }              double (*func)(double)) 
   { /* Given a function func , and given distinct initial points ax and bx , this routine searches in
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  the downhill direction (defined by the function as evaluated at the initial points) and returns
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  new points ax , bx , cx that bracket a minimum of the function. Also returned are the function
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)  values at the three points, fa, fb , and fc such that fa > fb and fb < fc.
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];     */
         }    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
       }    double fu; 
       /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */  
       for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    double scale=10.;
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)    int iterscale=0;
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];  
       }        *fa=(*func)(*ax); /*  xta[j]=pcom[j]+(*ax)*xicom[j]; fa=f(xta[j])*/
       /* end force of mortality */    *fb=(*func)(*bx); /*  xtb[j]=pcom[j]+(*bx)*xicom[j]; fb=f(xtb[j]) */
   
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */  
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    /* while(*fb != *fb){ /\* *ax should be ok, reducing distance to *ax *\/ */
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];    /*   printf("Warning mnbrak *fb = %lf, *bx=%lf *ax=%lf *fa==%lf iter=%d\n",*fb, *bx, *ax, *fa, iterscale++); */
         }    /*   *bx = *ax - (*ax - *bx)/scale; */
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */    /*   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  /\*  xtb[j]=pcom[j]+(*bx)*xicom[j]; fb=f(xtb[j]) *\/ */
         gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];    /* } */
       }  
     if (*fb > *fa) { 
     } /* End theta */      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */    } 
     *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  #ifdef DEBUG
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    printf("mnbrak0 a=%lf *fa=%lf, b=%lf *fb=%lf, c=%lf *fc=%lf\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx, *fc);
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    fprintf(ficlog,"mnbrak0 a=%lf *fa=%lf, b=%lf *fb=%lf, c=%lf *fc=%lf\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx, *fc);
   #endif
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */    while (*fb > *fc) { /* Declining a,b,c with fa> fb > fc. If fc=inf it exits and if flat fb=fc it exits too.*/
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
         trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); /* What if fa=inf */
       u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); /* Minimum abscissa of a parabolic estimated from (a,fa), (b,fb) and (c,fc). */
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); /* Maximum abscissa where function should be evaluated */
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { /* if u_p is between b and c */
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;        fu=(*func)(u); 
   #ifdef DEBUG
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){        /* f(x)=A(x-u)**2+f(u) */
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){        double A, fparabu; 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);        A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);        fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        printf("\nmnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f, q=%lf < %lf=r)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu,q,r);
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f, q=%lf < %lf=r)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu,q,r);
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;        /* And thus,it can be that fu > *fc even if fparabu < *fc */
       }        /* mnbrak (*ax=7.666299858533, *fa=299039.693133272231), (*bx=8.595447774979, *fb=298976.598289369489),
     }          (*cx=10.098840694817, *fc=298946.631474258087),  (*u=9.852501168332, fu=298948.773013752128, fparabu=298945.434711494134) */
         /* In that case, there is no bracket in the output! Routine is wrong with many consequences.*/
     /* pptj */  #endif 
     matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  #ifdef MNBRAKORIGINAL
     matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);  #else
     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)  /*       if (fu > *fc) { */
       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)  /* #ifdef DEBUG */
         varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];  /*       printf("mnbrak4  fu > fc \n"); */
     /* end ppptj */  /*       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak4 fu > fc\n"); */
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    /* #endif */
     prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  /*      /\* SHFT(u,*cx,*cx,u) /\\* ie a=c, c=u and u=c; in that case, next SHFT(a,b,c,u) will give a=b=b, b=c=u, c=u=c and *\\/  *\/ */
    /*      /\* SHFT(*fa,*fc,fu,*fc) /\\* (b, u, c) is a bracket while test fb > fc will be fu > fc  will exit *\\/ *\/ */
     if (popbased==1) {  /*      dum=u; /\* Shifting c and u *\/ */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  /*      u = *cx; */
         prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  /*      *cx = dum; */
     }  /*      dum = fu; */
      /*      fu = *fc; */
     /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */  /*      *fc =dum; */
     for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  /*       } else { /\* end *\/ */
       for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)  /* #ifdef DEBUG */
         gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];  /*       printf("mnbrak3  fu < fc \n"); */
     }      /*       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak3 fu < fc\n"); */
     /* end force of mortality */  /* #endif */
   /*      dum=u; /\* Shifting c and u *\/ */
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);  /*      u = *cx; */
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  /*      *cx = dum; */
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));  /*      dum = fu; */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){  /*      fu = *fc; */
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);  /*      *fc =dum; */
       }  /*       } */
     }  #ifdef DEBUGMNBRAK
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");                   double A, fparabu; 
        A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );       fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)       printf("\nmnbrak35 ax=%lf fa=%lf bx=%lf fb=%lf, u=%lf fp=%lf fu=%lf < or >= fc=%lf cx=%lf, q=%lf < %lf=r \n",*ax, *fa, *bx,*fb,u,fparabu,fu,*fc,*cx,q,r);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){       fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak35 ax=%lf fa=%lf bx=%lf fb=%lf, u=%lf fp=%lf fu=%lf < or >= fc=%lf cx=%lf, q=%lf < %lf=r \n",*ax, *fa, *bx,*fb,u,fparabu,fu,*fc,*cx,q,r);
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);  #endif
       }        dum=u; /* Shifting c and u */
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");        u = *cx;
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        *cx = dum;
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        dum = fu;
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);        fu = *fc;
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        *fc =dum;
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  #endif
   } /* End age */      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { /* u is after c but before ulim */
   free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  #ifdef DEBUG
   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim\n",u,*cx);
   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim\n",u,*cx);
   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/  #endif
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");        fu=(*func)(u); 
   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */        if (fu < *fc) { 
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");  #ifdef DEBUG
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);                                  printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim=%lf AND fu=%lf < %lf=fc\n",u,*cx,ulim,fu, *fc);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);                            fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim=%lf AND fu=%lf < %lf=fc\n",u,*cx,ulim,fu, *fc);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);  #endif
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);                            SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,digitp,digit);                                  SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
   /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);  #ifdef DEBUG
 */                                          printf("\nmnbrak2 shift GOLD c=%lf",*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx));
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);  #endif
         } 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { /* u outside ulim (verifying that ulim is beyond c) */
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  #ifdef DEBUG
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf outside ulim=%lf (verifying that ulim is beyond c=%lf)\n",u,ulim,*cx);
   free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf outside ulim=%lf (verifying that ulim is beyond c=%lf)\n",u,ulim,*cx);
   free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);  #endif
   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        u=ulim; 
   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);        fu=(*func)(u); 
   fclose(ficgp);      } else { /* u could be left to b (if r > q parabola has a maximum) */
   fclose(fichtm);  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf could be left to b=%lf (if r=%lf > q=%lf parabola has a maximum)\n",u,*bx,r,q);
 }        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf could be left to b=%lf (if r=%lf > q=%lf parabola has a maximum)\n",u,*bx,r,q);
   #endif
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)        fu=(*func)(u); 
 {  #ifdef DEBUG
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */        printf("\nmnbrak2 new u=%lf fu=%lf shifted gold left from c=%lf and b=%lf \n",u,fu,*cx,*bx);
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2 new u=%lf fu=%lf shifted gold left from c=%lf and b=%lf \n",u,fu,*cx,*bx);
   double **newm;  #endif
   double **dnewm,**doldm;      } /* end tests */
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
   int k, cptcode;      SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
   double *xp;  #ifdef DEBUG
   double *gp, *gm;        printf("\nmnbrak2 shift (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc);
   double **gradg, **trgradg;        fprintf(ficlog, "\nmnbrak2 shift (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc);
   double age,agelim;  #endif
   int theta;    } /* end while; ie return (a, b, c, fa, fb, fc) such that a < b < c with f(a) > f(b) and fb < f(c) */
      } 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");  
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");  /*************** linmin ************************/
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  /* Given an n -dimensional point p[1..n] and an n -dimensional direction xi[1..n] , moves and
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);  resets p to where the function func(p) takes on a minimum along the direction xi from p ,
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");  and replaces xi by the actual vector displacement that p was moved. Also returns as fret
   the value of func at the returned location p . This is actually all accomplished by calling the
   xp=vector(1,npar);  routines mnbrak and brent .*/
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);  int ncom; 
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  double *pcom,*xicom;
    double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */   
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   agelim = AGESUP;  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */  #else
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []), int *flat) 
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;  #endif
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  { 
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);    double f1dim(double x); 
     void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    int j; 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
       }    double fx,fb,fa;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];  #else
        double scale=10., axs, xxs; /* Scale added for infinity */
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */  #endif
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    ncom=n; 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    pcom=vector(1,n); 
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];    xicom=vector(1,n); 
     nrfunc=func; 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
     } /* End theta */      xicom[j]=xi[j]; /* Former scale xi[j] of currrent direction i */
     } 
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);  
   #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    xx=1.;
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  #else
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];    axs=0.0;
     xxs=1.;
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    do{
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;      xx= xxs;
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  #endif
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);      ax=0.;
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  /* Outputs: xtx[j]=pcom[j]+(*xx)*xicom[j]; fx=f(xtx[j]) */
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */      /* brackets with inputs ax=0 and xx=1, but points, pcom=p, and directions values, xicom=xi, are sent via f1dim(x) */
       /* xt[x,j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]  f(ax) = f(xt(a,j=1,n)) = f(p(j) + 0 * xi(j)) and  f(xx) = f(xt(x, j=1,n)) = f(p(j) + 1 * xi(j))   */
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );      /* Outputs: fa=f(p(j)) and fx=f(p(j) + xxs * xi(j) ) and f(bx)= f(p(j)+ bx* xi(j)) */
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      /* Given input ax=axs and xx=xxs, xx might be too far from ax to get a finite f(xx) */
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));      /* Searches on line, outputs (ax, xx, bx) such that fx < min(fa and fb) */
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");      /* Find a bracket a,x,b in direction n=xi ie xicom, order may change. Scale is [0:xxs*xi[j]] et non plus  [0:xi[j]]*/
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);  #else
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);      if (fx != fx){
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);                          xxs=xxs/scale; /* Trying a smaller xx, closer to initial ax=0 */
   } /* End age */                          printf("|");
                           fprintf(ficlog,"|");
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);                          printf("\nLinmin NAN : input [axs=%lf:xxs=%lf], mnbrak outputs fx=%lf <(fb=%lf and fa=%lf) with xx=%lf in [ax=%lf:bx=%lf] \n",  axs, xxs, fx,fb, fa, xx, ax, bx);
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  #endif
       }
 }    }while(fx != fx && xxs > 1.e-5);
   #endif
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/    
 void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
 {    printf("\nLinmin after mnbrak: ax=%12.7f xx=%12.7f bx=%12.7f fa=%12.2f fx=%12.2f fb=%12.2f\n",  ax,xx,bx,fa,fx,fb);
   int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;    fprintf(ficlog,"\nLinmin after mnbrak: ax=%12.7f xx=%12.7f bx=%12.7f fa=%12.2f fx=%12.2f fb=%12.2f\n",  ax,xx,bx,fa,fx,fb);
   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;  #endif
   int k=0,l, cptcode;  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   int first=1, first1;  #else
   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;          if(fb == fx){ /* Flat function in the direction */
   double **dnewm,**doldm;                  xmin=xx;
   double *xp;      *flat=1;
   double *gp, *gm;          }else{
   double **gradg, **trgradg;      *flat=0;
   double **mu;  #endif
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];                  /*Flat mnbrak2 shift (*ax=0.000000000000, *fa=51626.272983130431), (*bx=-1.618034000000, *fb=51590.149499362531), (*cx=-4.236068025156, *fc=51590.149499362531) */
   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); /* Giving a bracketting triplet (ax, xx, bx), find a minimum, xmin, according to f1dim, *fret(xmin),*/
   int theta;    /* fa = f(p[j] + ax * xi[j]), fx = f(p[j] + xx * xi[j]), fb = f(p[j] + bx * xi[j]) */
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];    /* fmin = f(p[j] + xmin * xi[j]) */
   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];    /* P+lambda n in that direction (lambdamin), with TOL between abscisses */
   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];    /* f1dim(xmin): for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+xmin*xicom[j]; */
   #ifdef DEBUG
   double ***varpij;    printf("retour brent from bracket (a=%lf fa=%lf, xx=%lf fx=%lf, b=%lf fb=%lf): fret=%lf xmin=%lf\n",ax,fa,xx,fx,bx,fb,*fret,xmin);
     fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent from bracket (a=%lf fa=%lf, xx=%lf fx=%lf, b=%lf fb=%lf): fret=%lf xmin=%lf\n",ax,fa,xx,fx,bx,fb,*fret,xmin);
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");  #endif
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {  #else
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);                          }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);  #endif
   }  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov");    printf("linmin end ");
   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);    fprintf(ficlog,"linmin end ");
   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {  #endif
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   }      xi[j] *= xmin; 
   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor");  #else
   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {      if(xxs <1.0)
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);        printf(" before xi[%d]=%12.8f", j,xi[j]);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);  #endif
   }      xi[j] *= xmin*xxs; /* xi rescaled by xmin and number of loops: if xmin=-1.237 and xi=(1,0,...,0) xi=(-1.237,0,...,0) */
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);      if(xxs <1.0)
   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);        printf(" after xi[%d]=%12.8f, xmin=%12.8f, ax=%12.8f, xx=%12.8f, bx=%12.8f, xxs=%12.8f", j,xi[j], xmin, ax, xx, bx,xxs );
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);  #endif
   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);  #endif
   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);      p[j] += xi[j]; /* Parameters values are updated accordingly */
      } 
   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");    printf("\n");
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");    printf("Comparing last *frec(xmin=%12.8f)=%12.8f from Brent and frec(0.)=%12.8f \n", xmin, *fret, (*func)(p));
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");    fprintf(ficlog,"Comparing last *frec(xmin=%12.8f)=%12.8f from Brent and frec(0.)=%12.8f \n", xmin, *fret, (*func)(p));
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");      printf(" xi[%d]= %14.10f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xi[j],j,p[j]);
       fprintf(ficlog," xi[%d]= %14.10f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xi[j],j,p[j]);
       if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        printf("\n");
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);      }
       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);    }
       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);  #else
     }    #endif
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");  } 
   xp=vector(1,npar);  
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);  
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  /*************** powell ************************/
   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);  /*
   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);  Minimization of a function func of n variables. Input consists of an initial starting point
   first=1;  p[1..n] ; an initial matrix xi[1..n][1..n] , whose columns contain the initial set of di-
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {  rections (usually the n unit vectors); and ftol , the fractional tolerance in the function value
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);  such that failure to decrease by more than this amount on one iteration signals doneness. On
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);  output, p is set to the best point found, xi is the then-current direction set, fret is the returned
     exit(0);  function value at p , and iter is the number of iterations taken. The routine linmin is used.
   }   */
   else{  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");  #else
   }          int *flatdir; /* Function is vanishing in that direction */
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {          int flat=0, flatd=0; /* Function is vanishing in that direction */
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);  #endif
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
     exit(0);              double (*func)(double [])) 
   }  { 
   else{  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");                double (*func)(double [])); 
   #else 
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,
     fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");               double (*func)(double []),int *flat); 
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");  #endif
    int i,ibig,j,jk,k; 
   }    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
     double directest;
      double fp,fptt;
   cov[1]=1;    double *xits;
   tj=cptcoveff;    int niterf, itmp;
   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   j1=0;  #else
   for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){  
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){    flatdir=ivector(1,n); 
       j1++;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) flatdir[j]=0; 
        #endif
       if  (cptcovn>0) {  
         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");    pt=vector(1,n); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    ptt=vector(1,n); 
         fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");    xit=vector(1,n); 
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");    xits=vector(1,n); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    *fret=(*func)(p); 
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
            rcurr_time = time(NULL);  
         fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);      fp=(*fret); /* From former iteration or initial value */
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");      ibig=0; 
              del=0.0; 
              rlast_time=rcurr_time;
         fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");      /* (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);      rcurr_time = time(NULL);  
         fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");      curr_time = *localtime(&rcurr_time);
              printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, rcurr_time-rlast_time, rcurr_time-rstart_time);fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");          fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret,rcurr_time-rlast_time, rcurr_time-rstart_time); fflush(ficlog);
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  /*     fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tm_sec-start_time.tm_sec); */
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");          for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
       }        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
            }
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
         cov[2]=age;      printf("\n#model=  1      +     age ");
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {      fprintf(ficlog,"\n#model=  1      +     age ");
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];      if(nagesqr==1){
         }          printf("  + age*age  ");
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];          fprintf(ficlog,"  + age*age  ");
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)      }
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];      for(j=1;j <=ncovmodel-2;j++){
                if(Typevar[j]==0) {
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));          printf("  +      V%d  ",Tvar[j]);
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);          fprintf(ficlog,"  +      V%d  ",Tvar[j]);
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));        }else if(Typevar[j]==1) {
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));          printf("  +    V%d*age ",Tvar[j]);
              fprintf(ficlog,"  +    V%d*age ",Tvar[j]);
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        }else if(Typevar[j]==2) {
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)          printf("  +    V%d*V%d ",Tvard[Tposprod[j]][1],Tvard[Tposprod[j]][2]);
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          fprintf(ficlog,"  +    V%d*V%d ",Tvard[Tposprod[j]][1],Tvard[Tposprod[j]][2]);
                  }
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);      }
                printf("\n");
           k=0;  /*     printf("12   47.0114589    0.0154322   33.2424412    0.3279905    2.3731903  */
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){  /* 13  -21.5392400    0.1118147    1.2680506    1.2973408   -1.0663662  */
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               k=k+1;      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];        for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
             }          if (k != i) {
           }            printf("%d%d ",i,k);
                      fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);              printf("%12.7f ",p[jk]);
                  fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);              jk++; 
           k=0;            }
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){            printf("\n");
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               k=k+1;          }
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];        }
             }      }
           }      if(*iter <=3 && *iter >1){
              tml = *localtime(&rcurr_time);
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)        strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tml));
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];          rforecast_time=rcurr_time; 
         }        itmp = strlen(strcurr);
         if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)          strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        printf("\nConsidering the time needed for the last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
                for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);          rforecast_time=rcurr_time+(niterf-*iter)*(rcurr_time-rlast_time);
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);          forecast_time = *localtime(&rforecast_time);
                  strcpy(strfor,asctime(&forecast_time));
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);          itmp = strlen(strfor);
                  if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
         k=0;            strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){          printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){          fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
             k=k+1;        }
             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];      }
           }      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { /* For each direction i */
         }        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; /* Directions stored from previous iteration with previous scales */
         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)        fptt=(*fret); 
           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)  #ifdef DEBUG
             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];        printf("fret=%lf, %lf, %lf \n", *fret, *fret, *fret);
         fprintf(ficlog, "fret=%lf, %lf, %lf \n", *fret, *fret, *fret);
         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);  #endif
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout); /* print direction (parameter) i */
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
        fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
      }*/        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
   #else
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func,&flat); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);                          flatdir[i]=flat; /* Function is vanishing in that direction i */
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);  #endif
                           /* Outputs are fret(new point p) p is updated and xit rescaled */
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { /* We are keeping the max gain on each of the n directions */
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));                                  /* because that direction will be replaced unless the gain del is small */
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){                                  /* in comparison with the 'probable' gain, mu^2, with the last average direction. */
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);                                  /* Unless the n directions are conjugate some gain in the determinant may be obtained */
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);                                  /* with the new direction. */
         }                                  del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
         i=0;                                  ibig=i; 
         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){        } 
           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){  #ifdef DEBUG
             i=i++;        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){                                  xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);                                  printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));                                  fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
             }        }
           }        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
         }/* end of loop for state */                                  printf(" p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
       } /* end of loop for age */                                  fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
         }
       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */        printf("\n");
       /*        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");  #endif
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");      } /* end loop on each direction i */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");      /* Convergence test will use last linmin estimation (fret) and compare former iteration (fp) */ 
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);      /* But p and xit have been updated at the end of linmin, *fret corresponds to new p, xit  */
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);      /* New value of last point Pn is not computed, P(n-1) */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);                                  if(flatdir[j] >0){
       */                                          printf(" p(%d)=%lf flat=%d ",j,p[j],flatdir[j]);
                                           fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%lf flat=%d ",j,p[j],flatdir[j]);
       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/                                  }
       first1=1;                                  /* printf("\n"); */
       for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){                                  /* fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
         for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){                          }
           if(l2==k2) continue;      /* if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) { /\* Did we reach enough precision? *\/ */
           j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol) { /* Did we reach enough precision? */
           for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){        /* We could compare with a chi^2. chisquare(0.95,ddl=1)=3.84 */
             for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){        /* By adding age*age in a model, the new -2LL should be lower and the difference follows a */
               if(l1==k1) continue;        /* a chisquare statistics with 1 degree. To be significant at the 95% level, it should have */
               i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;        /* decreased of more than 3.84  */
               if(i<=j) continue;        /* By adding age*age and V1*age the gain (-2LL) should be more than 5.99 (ddl=2) */
               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){        /* By using V1+V2+V3, the gain should be  7.82, compared with basic 1+age. */
                 if ((int)age %5==0){        /* By adding 10 parameters more the gain should be 18.31 */
                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;                          
                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;        /* Starting the program with initial values given by a former maximization will simply change */
                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;        /* the scales of the directions and the directions, because the are reset to canonical directions */
                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;        /* Thus the first calls to linmin will give new points and better maximizations until fp-(*fret) is */
                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;        /* under the tolerance value. If the tolerance is very small 1.e-9, it could last long.  */
                   c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);  #ifdef DEBUG
                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */        int k[2],l;
                   lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;        k[0]=1;
                   lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;        k[1]=-1;
                   /* Eigen vectors */        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
                   /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
                   v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
                   v12=-v21;          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
                   v22=v11;        }
                   tnalp=v21/v11;        printf("\n");
                   if(first1==1){        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
                     first1=0;        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
                     printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
                   }            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
                   fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
                   /*printf(fignu*/            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */          }
                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
                   if(first==1){          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
                     first=0;        }
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");  #endif
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);  
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);  #else
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);        free_ivector(flatdir,1,n); 
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);  #endif
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\        return; 
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));      } /* enough precision */ 
                   }else{      if (*iter == ITMAX*n) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
                     first=0;      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { /* Computes the extrapolated point P_0 + 2 (P_n-P_0) */
                     fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);        pt[j]=p[j]; 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\      } 
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\      fptt=(*func)(ptt); /* f_3 */
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));  #ifdef NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  /* No change in drections until some iterations are done */
                   }/* if first */                  if (*iter <=4) {
                 } /* age mod 5 */  #else
               } /* end loop age */  #endif
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);  #ifdef POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST    /* skips test F3 <F1 */
               first=1;  #else
             } /*l12 */      if (fptt < fp) { /* If extrapolated point is better, decide if we keep that new direction or not */
           } /* k12 */  #endif
         } /*l1 */        /* (x1 f1=fp), (x2 f2=*fret), (x3 f3=fptt), (xm fm) */
       }/* k1 */        /* From x1 (P0) distance of x2 is at h and x3 is 2h */
     } /* loop covariates */        /* Let f"(x2) be the 2nd derivative equal everywhere.  */
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);        /* Then the parabolic through (x1,f1), (x2,f2) and (x3,f3) */
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        /* will reach at f3 = fm + h^2/2 f"m  ; f" = (f1 -2f2 +f3 ) / h**2 */
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        /* Conditional for using this new direction is that mu^2 = (f1-2f2+f3)^2 /2 < del or directest <0 */
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);        /* also  lamda^2=(f1-f2)^2/mu² is a parasite solution of powell */
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        /* For powell, inclusion of this average direction is only if t(del)<0 or del inbetween mu^2 and lambda^2 */
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        /* t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); */
   }        /*  Even if f3 <f1, directest can be negative and t >0 */
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);        /* mu² and del² are equal when f3=f1 */
   fclose(ficresprob);                          /* f3 < f1 : mu² < del <= lambda^2 both test are equivalent */
   fclose(ficresprobcov);                          /* f3 < f1 : mu² < lambda^2 < del then directtest is negative and powell t is positive */
   fclose(ficresprobcor);                          /* f3 > f1 : lambda² < mu^2 < del then t is negative and directest >0  */
   fclose(ficgp);                          /* f3 > f1 : lambda² < del < mu^2 then t is positive and directest >0  */
   fclose(fichtm);  #ifdef NRCORIGINAL
 }        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)- del*SQR(fp-fptt); /* Original Numerical Recipes in C*/
   #else
         t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del); /* Intel compiler doesn't work on one line; bug reported */
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/        t= t- del*SQR(fp-fptt);
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \  #endif
                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\        directest = fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt - 2.0 * del; /* If delta was big enough we change it for a new direction */
                   int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\  #ifdef DEBUG
                   int popforecast, int estepm ,\        printf("t1= %.12lf, t2= %.12lf, t=%.12lf  directest=%.12lf\n", 2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),del*SQR(fp-fptt),t,directest);
                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \        fprintf(ficlog,"t1= %.12lf, t2= %.12lf, t=%.12lf directest=%.12lf\n", 2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),del*SQR(fp-fptt),t,directest);
                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){        printf("t3= %.12lf, t4= %.12lf, t3*= %.12lf, t4*= %.12lf\n",SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),SQR(fp-fptt),
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;               (fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del),(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt));
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/        fprintf(ficlog,"t3= %.12lf, t4= %.12lf, t3*= %.12lf, t4*= %.12lf\n",SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),SQR(fp-fptt),
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {               (fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del),(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt));
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);        printf("tt= %.12lf, t=%.12lf\n",2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*(fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt),t);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);        fprintf(ficlog, "tt= %.12lf, t=%.12lf\n",2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*(fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt),t);
   }  #endif
   #ifdef POWELLORIGINAL
    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n        if (t < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n  #else
  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n        if (directest*t < 0.0) { /* Contradiction between both tests */
  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n                                  printf("directest= %.12lf (if <0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt,del);
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months):          printf("f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
    <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \          fprintf(ficlog,"directest= %.12lf (if directest<0 or t<0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt, del);
   jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);          fprintf(ficlog,"f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
         } 
 fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");        if (directest < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
   #endif
  m=cptcoveff;  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}          printf("Before linmin in direction P%d-P0\n",n);
           for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
  jj1=0;            printf(" Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){            fprintf(ficlog," Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){            if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
      jj1++;              printf("\n");
      if (cptcovn > 0) {              fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");            }
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)          }
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);  #endif
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
      }          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
      /* Pij */  #else
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func,&flat); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
 <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);              flatdir[i]=flat; /* Function is vanishing in that direction i */
      /* Quasi-incidences */  #endif
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>          
 <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){            printf("After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>            fprintf(ficlog,"After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);            if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
        }              printf("\n");
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {              fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>            }
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);          }
      }  #endif
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; /* Replace direction with biggest decrease by last direction n */
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);            xi[j][n]=xit[j];      /* and this nth direction by the by the average p_0 p_n */
    } /* end i1 */          }
  }/* End k1 */  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");  #else
           for (j=1, flatd=0;j<=n;j++) {
             if(flatdir[j]>0)
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n              flatd++;
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n          }
  - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n          if(flatd >0){
  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n            printf("%d flat directions: ",flatd);
  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n            fprintf(ficlog,"%d flat directions :",flatd);
  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n            for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n              if(flatdir[j]>0){
  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);                printf("%d ",j);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%d ",j);
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n              }
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n            }
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n            printf("\n");
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  else          }
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);  #endif
 fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");          printf("Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
  m=cptcoveff;          
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  #ifdef DEBUG
           printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
  jj1=0;          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){            printf(" %lf",xit[j]);
      jj1++;            fprintf(ficlog," %lf",xit[j]);
      if (cptcovn > 0) {          }
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");          printf("\n");
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);  #endif
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");        } /* end of t or directest negative */
      }  #ifdef POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {  #else
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident        } /* end if (fptt < fp)  */
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>  #endif
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);    #ifdef NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  /* No change in drections until some iterations are done */
      }      } /*NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  No change in drections until some iterations are done */
    } /* end i1 */  #else
  }/* End k1 */  #endif
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");                  } /* loop iteration */ 
 fclose(fichtm);  } 
 }    
   /**** Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/    
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){    double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij, int nres)
     {
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;      /**< Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x and for covariate combination ij 
   int ng;       *   (and selected quantitative values in nres)
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {       *  by left multiplying the unit
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);       *  matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached with precision ftolpl 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);       * Wx= Wx-1 Px-1= Wx-2 Px-2 Px-1  = Wx-n Px-n ... Px-2 Px-1 I
   }       * Wx is row vector: population in state 1, population in state 2, population dead
        * or prevalence in state 1, prevalence in state 2, 0
 #ifdef windows       * newm is the matrix after multiplications, its rows are identical at a factor.
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);       * Inputs are the parameter, age, a tolerance for the prevalence limit ftolpl.
 #endif       * Output is prlim.
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);       * Initial matrix pimij 
         */
  /* 1eme*/    /* {0.85204250825084937, 0.13044499163996345, 0.017512500109187184, */
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    /* 0.090851990222114765, 0.88271245433047185, 0.026435555447413338, */
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
     /*
 #ifdef windows     * and after some iteration: */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    /* {0.45504275246439968, 0.42731458730878791, 0.11764266022681241, */
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    /*  0.45201005341706885, 0.42865420071559901, 0.11933574586733192, */
 #endif    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
 #ifdef unix    /* And prevalence by suppressing the deaths are close to identical rows in prlim: */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    /* {0.51571254859325999, 0.4842874514067399, */
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres);    /*  0.51326036147820708, 0.48673963852179264} */
 #endif    /* If we start from prlim again, prlim tends to a constant matrix */
       
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    int i, ii,j,k;
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    double *min, *max, *meandiff, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
 }    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **pmij(); /* **pmmij is a global variable feeded with oldms etc */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    double **newm;
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    double agefin, delaymax=200. ; /* 100 Max number of years to converge */
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    int ncvloop=0;
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    int first=0;
 }    
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    min=vector(1,nlstate);
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    max=vector(1,nlstate);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    meandiff=vector(1,nlstate);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");  
 }            /* Starting with matrix unity */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
 #ifdef unix      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n");        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 #endif      }
    }    
   }    cov[1]=1.;
   /*2 eme*/    
     /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    /* Start at agefin= age, computes the matrix of passage and loops decreasing agefin until convergence is reached */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);      ncvloop++;
          newm=savm;
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
       k=2*i;      cov[2]=agefin;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      if(nagesqr==1)
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
 }          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");        /* printf("prevalim Dummy combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);      }
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {                          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");        cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        /* printf("prevalim Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
 }        }
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");      for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){  /* For product with age */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");        } else{
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
 }          }
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");        /* printf("prevalim Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");      }
     }      for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /* For product without age */
   }        /* printf("prevalim Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][1]==0]){
   /*3eme*/          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
             cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {          }else{
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqresult[nres][k];
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);          }
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);        }else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]];
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");          }else{
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]]*  Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][2]];
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);          }
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");        }
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);      }
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
 */      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);      /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
       /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
       }                  /* age and covariate values of ij are in 'cov' */
     }      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /* Bug Valgrind */
   }      
        savm=oldm;
   /* CV preval stat */      oldm=newm;
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
       k=3;        max[j]=0.;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);        min[j]=1.;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);      }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)        sumnew=0;
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);        for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){ 
                prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;          max[j]=FMAX(max[j],prlim[i][j]);
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);          min[j]=FMIN(min[j],prlim[i][j]);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {        }
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;      }
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);  
       }      maxmax=0.;
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
     }        meandiff[j]=(max[j]-min[j])/(max[j]+min[j])*2.; /* mean difference for each column */
   }          maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,meandiff[j]);
          /* printf(" age= %d meandiff[%d]=%f, agefin=%d max[%d]=%f min[%d]=%f maxmax=%f\n", (int)age, j, meandiff[j],(int)agefin, j, max[j], j, min[j],maxmax); */
   /* proba elementaires */      } /* j loop */
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      *ncvyear= (int)age- (int)agefin;
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){      /* printf("maxmax=%lf maxmin=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, maxmin, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
       if (k != i) {      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){        /* printf("maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%ld, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);        free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
           jk++;        free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");        free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
         }        return prlim;
       }      }
     }    } /* agefin loop */
    }      /* After some age loop it doesn't converge */
     if(!first){
    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/      first=1;
      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {      printf("Warning: the stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.d years and %d loops. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. Youngest age to start was %d=(%d-%d). Others in log file only...\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, *ncvyear, ncvloop, (int)(agefin+stepm/YEARM),  (int)(age-stepm/YEARM), (int)delaymax);
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng);    }
        if (ng==2)    fprintf(ficlog, "Warning: the stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.d years and %d loops. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. Youngest age to start was %d=(%d-%d).\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, *ncvyear, ncvloop, (int)(agefin+stepm/YEARM),  (int)(age-stepm/YEARM), (int)delaymax);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");  
        else    /* Try to lower 'ftol', for example from 1.e-8 to 6.e-9.\n", ftolpl, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, (int)age-(int)agefin); */
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");    free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);    free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
        i=1;    free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {    
          k3=i;    return prlim; /* should not reach here */
          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {  }
            if (k != k2){  
              if(ng==2)  
                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);   /**** Back Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
              else  
                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);   /* double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij) */
              ij=1;   /* double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij) */
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {    double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij, int nres)
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {  {
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x and for covariate combination ij (<=2**cptcoveff) by left multiplying the unit
                  ij++;       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached with precision ftolpl */
                }    /* Wx= Wx-1 Px-1= Wx-2 Px-2 Px-1  = Wx-n Px-n ... Px-2 Px-1 I */
                else    /* Wx is row vector: population in state 1, population in state 2, population dead */
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    /* or prevalence in state 1, prevalence in state 2, 0 */
              }    /* newm is the matrix after multiplications, its rows are identical at a factor */
              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");    /* Initial matrix pimij */
                  /* {0.85204250825084937, 0.13044499163996345, 0.017512500109187184, */
              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){      /* 0.090851990222114765, 0.88271245433047185, 0.026435555447413338, */
                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
                ij=1;    /*
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){     * and after some iteration: */
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {    /* {0.45504275246439968, 0.42731458730878791, 0.11764266022681241, */
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);    /*  0.45201005341706885, 0.42865420071559901, 0.11933574586733192, */
                    ij++;    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
                  }    /* And prevalence by suppressing the deaths are close to identical rows in prlim: */
                  else    /* {0.51571254859325999, 0.4842874514067399, */
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    /*  0.51326036147820708, 0.48673963852179264} */
                }    /* If we start from prlim again, prlim tends to a constant matrix */
                fprintf(ficgp,")");  
              }    int i, ii,j,k;
              fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);    int first=0;
              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");    double *min, *max, *meandiff, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
              i=i+ncovmodel;    /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
            }    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **bmij();
          } /* end k */    double **newm;
        } /* end k2 */    double         **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm;  /* for use */
      } /* end jk */    double         **oldm, **savm;  /* for use */
    } /* end ng */  
    fclose(ficgp);    double agefin, delaymax=200. ; /* 100 Max number of years to converge */
 }  /* end gnuplot */    int ncvloop=0;
     
     min=vector(1,nlstate);
 /*************** Moving average **************/    max=vector(1,nlstate);
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){    meandiff=vector(1,nlstate);
   
   int i, cpt, cptcod;    dnewm=ddnewms; doldm=ddoldms; dsavm=ddsavms;
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)    oldm=oldms; savm=savms;
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)    /* Starting with matrix unity */
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){      }
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){    cov[1]=1.;
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];    
           }    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;    /* Start at agefin= age, computes the matrix of passage and loops decreasing agefin until convergence is reached */
         }    /* for(agefin=age+stepm/YEARM; agefin<=age+delaymax; agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /\* A changer en age *\/ */
       }    /* for(agefin=age; agefin<AGESUP; agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /\* A changer en age *\/ */
     }    for(agefin=age; agefin<FMIN(AGESUP,age+delaymax); agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /* A changer en age */
          ncvloop++;
 }      newm=savm; /* oldm should be kept from previous iteration or unity at start */
                   /* newm points to the allocated table savm passed by the function it can be written, savm could be reallocated */
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */
 /************** Forecasting ******************/      cov[2]=agefin;
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){      if(nagesqr==1)
          cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;      for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
   int *popage;                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;        cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;        /* printf("bprevalim Dummy agefin=%.0f combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov[%d]=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",agefin,ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
   double ***p3mat;      }
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) { */
       /*   /\* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; *\/ */
  agelim=AGESUP;      /*   cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;      /*   /\* printf("prevalim ij=%d k=%d Tvar[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])],cov[2+k], ij, k, codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]); *\/ */
       /* } */
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);      for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
                            /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");        /* printf("prevalim Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);      }
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2]; */
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /\* Useless *\/ */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);      /*   /\* cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][1])] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][2])]; *\/ */
   }      /*   cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);      for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){  /* For product with age */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);        if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
           cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;        } else{
           cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
   if (mobilav==1) {        }
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        /* printf("prevalim Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);      }
   }      for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /* For product without age */
         /* printf("prevalim Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;        if(Dummy[Tvard[k][1]==0]){
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
              cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
   agelim=AGESUP;          }else{
              cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqresult[nres][k];
   hstepm=1;          }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;        }else{
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
   anprojmean=yp;            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]];
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);          }else{
   mprojmean=yp;            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]]*  Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][2]];
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);          }
   jprojmean=yp;        }
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;      }
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;      
        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){      /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){      /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
       k=k+1;                  /* ij should be linked to the correct index of cov */
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");                  /* age and covariate values ij are in 'cov', but we need to pass
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {                   * ij for the observed prevalence at age and status and covariate
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);                   * number:  prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]
       }                   */
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");      /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, ageminpar, agemaxpar, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij)); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");      /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij)); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);      out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent,ij)); /* Bug Valgrind */
            /* if((int)age == 86 || (int)age == 87){ */
            /*   printf(" Backward prevalim age=%d agefin=%d \n", (int) age, (int) agefin); */
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {      /*   for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");      /*  printf("%d newm= ",i); */
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);        /*  for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
       /*    printf("%f ",newm[i][j]); */
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){      /*  } */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      /*  printf("oldm * "); */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;      /*  for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
                /*    printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      /*  } */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      /*  printf(" bmmij "); */
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        /*  for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
              /*    printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      /*  } */
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {      /*  printf("\n"); */
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);      /*   } */
             }      /* } */
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      savm=oldm;
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;      oldm=newm;
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                
                 if (mobilav==1)      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];        max[j]=0.;
                 else {        min[j]=1.;
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];      }
                 }      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){ 
                        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
               }          /* bprlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew); */
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){          bprlim[i][j]= newm[i][j];
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);          max[i]=FMAX(max[i],bprlim[i][j]); /* Max in line */
                                  min[i]=FMIN(min[i],bprlim[i][j]);
               }        }
             }      }
           }                  
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      maxmax=0.;
         }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
       }        meandiff[i]=(max[i]-min[i])/(max[i]+min[i])*2.; /* mean difference for each column */
     }        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,meandiff[i]);
   }        /* printf("Back age= %d meandiff[%d]=%f, agefin=%d max[%d]=%f min[%d]=%f maxmax=%f\n", (int)age, i, meandiff[i],(int)agefin, i, max[i], i, min[i],maxmax); */
              } /* i loop */
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      *ncvyear= -( (int)age- (int)agefin);
       /* printf("Back maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
   fclose(ficresf);      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
 }        /* printf("OK Back maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
 /************** Forecasting ******************/        free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){        free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
          free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;        return bprlim;
   int *popage;      }
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;    } /* agefin loop */
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;      /* After some age loop it doesn't converge */
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;    if(!first){
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];      first=1;
       printf("Warning: the back stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.0f years. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. Others in log file only...\n\
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  Oldest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvloop=%d, ncvyear=%d\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, delaymax, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, *ncvyear);
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    }
   agelim=AGESUP;    fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: the back stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.0f years. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. \n\
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;  Oldest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvloop=%d, ncvyear=%d\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, delaymax, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, *ncvyear);
      /* Try to lower 'ftol', for example from 1.e-8 to 6.e-9.\n", ftolpl, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, (int)age-(int)agefin); */
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
      free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
      free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");    
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);    return bprlim; /* should not reach here */
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {  }
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   }  
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);  {
     /* According to parameters values stored in x and the covariate's values stored in cov,
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;       computes the probability to be observed in state j (after stepm years) being in state i by appying the
        model to the ncovmodel covariates (including constant and age).
   if (mobilav==1) {       lnpijopii=ln(pij/pii)= aij+bij*age+cij*v1+dij*v2+... = sum_nc=1^ncovmodel xij(nc)*cov[nc]
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);       and, according on how parameters are entered, the position of the coefficient xij(nc) of the
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);       ncth covariate in the global vector x is given by the formula:
   }       j<i nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel
        j>=i nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;       Computes ln(pij/pii) (lnpijopii), deduces pij/pii by exponentiation,
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;       sums on j different of i to get 1-pii/pii, deduces pii, and then all pij.
         Outputs ps[i][j] or probability to be observed in j being in i according to
   agelim=AGESUP;       the values of the covariates cov[nc] and corresponding parameter values x[nc+shiftij]
         Sum on j ps[i][j] should equal to 1.
   hstepm=1;    */
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;    double s1, lnpijopii;
      /*double t34;*/
   if (popforecast==1) {    int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {  
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
     }        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);          /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);          lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);          /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
            }
     i=1;          ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;        /*        printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
          }
     imx=i;      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   }          /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
           lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){          /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){        }
       k=k+1;        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");      }
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    }
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    
       }    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");      s1=0;
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");      for(j=1; j<i; j++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");        /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
            }
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
                /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){      }
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
                /* Computing other pijs */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
                ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    } /* end i */
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    
             }    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;        ps[ii][jj]=0;
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                      ps[ii][ii]=1;
                 if (mobilav==1)      }
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    }
                 else {    /* Added for backcast */ /* Transposed matrix too */
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];    for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
                 }      s1=0.;
               }      for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){        s1+=ps[ii][jj];
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;      }
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);      for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate; ii++){
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/        ps[ii][jj]=ps[ii][jj]/s1;
               }      }
             }    }
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){    /* Transposition */
               kk1=0.;    for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){      for(ii=jj; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];        s1=ps[ii][jj];
                 }        ps[ii][jj]=ps[jj][ii];
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];        ps[jj][ii]=s1;
             }      }
     }
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);    /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
           }    /*    printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    /*   } */
         }    /*   printf("\n "); */
       }    /* } */
      /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   /******/    /*
       for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {                  goto end;*/
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);      return ps; /* Pointer is unchanged since its call */
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){  }
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  /*************** backward transition probabilities ***************/ 
            
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);   /* double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ***dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  /* double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, double ***dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);     double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, int ij )
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  {
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    /* Computes the backward probability at age agefin and covariate combination ij. In fact cov is already filled and x too.
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);     * Call to pmij(cov and x), call to cross prevalence, sums and inverses, left multiply, and returns in **ps as well as **bmij.
             }     */
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    int i, ii, j,k;
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;    
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                  double **out, **pmij();
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];        double sumnew=0.;
               }    double agefin;
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);    double k3=0.; /* constant of the w_x diagonal matrix (in order for B to sum to 1 even for death state) */
             }    double **dnewm, **dsavm, **doldm;
           }    double **bbmij;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    
         }    doldm=ddoldms; /* global pointers */
       }    dnewm=ddnewms;
    }    dsavm=ddsavms;
   }    
      agefin=cov[2];
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    /* Bx = Diag(w_x) P_x Diag(Sum_i w^i_x p^ij_x */
     /* bmij *//* age is cov[2], ij is included in cov, but we need for
   if (popforecast==1) {       the observed prevalence (with this covariate ij) at beginning of transition */
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);    /* dsavm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);  
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);    /* P_x */
   }    pmmij=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); /*This is forward probability from agefin to agefin + stepm */
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    /* outputs pmmij which is a stochastic matrix in row */
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
   fclose(ficrespop);    /* Diag(w_x) */
 }    /* Rescaling the cross-sectional prevalence: Problem with prevacurrent which can be zero */
     sumnew=0.;
 /***********************************************/    /*for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){*/
 /**************** Main Program *****************/    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate;ii++){ /* Only on live states */
 /***********************************************/      /* printf(" agefin=%d, ii=%d, ij=%d, prev=%f\n",(int)agefin,ii, ij, prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]);  */
       sumnew+=prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij];
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])    }
 {    if(sumnew >0.01){  /* At least some value in the prevalence */
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;        for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;          doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]/sumnew : 0.0);
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;      }
     }else{
   double fret;      for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
   double **xi,tmp,delta;        for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./nlstate : 0.0);
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */      }
   double ***p3mat;      /* if(sumnew <0.9){ */
   int *indx;      /*   printf("Problem internal bmij B: sum on i wi <0.9: j=%d, sum_i wi=%lf,agefin=%d\n",j,sumnew, (int)agefin); */
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];      /* } */
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];    }
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;    k3=0.0;  /* We put the last diagonal to 0 */
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */    for (ii=nlstate+1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
   int c,  h , cpt,l;        doldm[ii][ii]= k3;
   int ju,jl, mi;    }
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;    /* End doldm, At the end doldm is diag[(w_i)] */
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;    
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;    /* Left product of this diag matrix by pmmij=Px (dnewm=dsavm*doldm): diag[(w_i)*Px */
   int hstepm, nhstepm;    bbmij=matprod2(dnewm, doldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, pmmij); /* was a Bug Valgrind */
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;  
     /* Diag(Sum_i w^i_x p^ij_x, should be the prevalence at age x+stepm */
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;    /* w1 p11 + w2 p21 only on live states N1./N..*N11/N1. + N2./N..*N21/N2.=(N11+N21)/N..=N.1/N.. */
   double ftolpl=FTOL;    for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double **prlim;      sumnew=0.;
   double *severity;      for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate;ii++){
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */        /* sumnew+=dsavm[ii][j]*prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]; */
   double  *p;        sumnew+=pmmij[ii][j]*doldm[ii][ii]; /* Yes prevalence at beginning of transition */
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */      } /* sumnew is (N11+N21)/N..= N.1/N.. = sum on i of w_i pij */
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */      for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
   double *delti; /* Scale */          /* if(agefin >= agemaxpar && agefin <= agemaxpar+stepm/YEARM){ */
   double ***eij, ***vareij;          /*      dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0); */
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */          /* }else if(agefin >= agemaxpar+stepm/YEARM){ */
   double *epj, vepp;          /*      dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0); */
   double kk1, kk2;          /* }else */
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;        dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0);
        } /*End ii */
     } /* End j, At the end dsavm is diag[1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] for ALL states even if the sum is only for live states */
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];  
     ps=matprod2(ps, dnewm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, dsavm); /* was a Bug Valgrind */
     /* ps is now diag[w_i] * Px * diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] */
   char z[1]="c", occ;    /* end bmij */
 #include <sys/time.h>    return ps; /*pointer is unchanged */
 #include <time.h>  }
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
    
   /* long total_usecs;  double **bpmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;  {
      /* According to parameters values stored in x and the covariate's values stored in cov,
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */       computes the probability to be observed in state j being in state i by appying the
   getcwd(pathcd, size);       model to the ncovmodel covariates (including constant and age).
        lnpijopii=ln(pij/pii)= aij+bij*age+cij*v1+dij*v2+... = sum_nc=1^ncovmodel xij(nc)*cov[nc]
   printf("\n%s",version);       and, according on how parameters are entered, the position of the coefficient xij(nc) of the
   if(argc <=1){       ncth covariate in the global vector x is given by the formula:
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");       j<i nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel
     scanf("%s",pathtot);       j>=i nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel
   }       Computes ln(pij/pii) (lnpijopii), deduces pij/pii by exponentiation,
   else{       sums on j different of i to get 1-pii/pii, deduces pii, and then all pij.
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);       Outputs ps[i][j] the probability to be observed in j being in j according to
   }       the values of the covariates cov[nc] and corresponding parameter values x[nc+shiftij]
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/    */
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);    double s1, lnpijopii;
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/    /*double t34;*/
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/    int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
   
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
   chdir(path);        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   replace(pathc,path);          /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
           lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/          /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
         }
   /* Log file */        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
   strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);        /*        printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
   strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */      }
   if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
     goto end;          /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
   }          lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
   fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);          /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);        }
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
   fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);      }
   fflush(ficlog);    }
     
   /* */    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
   strcpy(fileres,"r");      s1=0;
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);      for(j=1; j<i; j++){
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
         /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
   /*---------arguments file --------*/      }
       for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);        /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);      }
     goto end;      /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
   }      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
       /* Computing other pijs */
   strcpy(filereso,"o");      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   strcat(filereso,fileres);        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
     goto end;    } /* end i */
   }    
     for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        ps[ii][jj]=0;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        ps[ii][ii]=1;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      }
     puts(line);    }
     fputs(line,ficparo);    /* Added for backcast */ /* Transposed matrix too */
   }    for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      s1=0.;
       for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);        s1+=ps[ii][jj];
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);      }
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);      for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate; ii++){
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        ps[ii][jj]=ps[ii][jj]/s1;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      }
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    }
     puts(line);    /* Transposition */
     fputs(line,ficparo);    for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   }      for(ii=jj; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        s1=ps[ii][jj];
          ps[ii][jj]=ps[jj][ii];
            ps[jj][ii]=s1;
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);      }
   cptcovn=0;    }
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;    /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
     /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;    /*    printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */    /*   } */
      /*   printf("\n "); */
   /* Read guess parameters */    /* } */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    /*
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      goto end;*/
     puts(line);    return ps;
     fputs(line,ficparo);  }
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
    /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);  
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,int nrl, int nrh, int ncl, int nch, int ncolol, int ncoloh, double **b)
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){  {
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
       if(mle==1)    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    int i, j, k;
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
         if(mle==1){      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++){
           printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);        out[i][k]=0.;
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);        for(j=ncl; j<=nch; j++)
         }          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
         else      }
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);    return out;
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);  }
       }  
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  
       if(mle==1)  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
         printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int nres )
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  {
     }    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' and combination of covariate values corresponding to ij over 
         'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
        nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
   p=param[1][1];       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
         (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */       for the memory).
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);       included manually here. 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);       */
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
   }    int i, j, d, h, k;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
     double **newm;
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    double agexact;
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */    double agebegin, ageend;
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){  
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);      }
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
       }      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");        newm=savm;
       printf("\n");        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");        cov[1]=1.;
     }        agexact=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /* age just before transition */
   }        cov[2]=agexact;
   delti=delti3[1][1];        if(nagesqr==1)
            cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          /* printf("hpxij Dummy combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
     puts(line);        }
     fputs(line,ficparo);        for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
   }          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
            /* printf("hPxij Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        }
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);          if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
     if(mle==1)            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
       printf("%s",str);          } else{
     fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);          }
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){          /* printf("hPxij Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);        }
       if(mle==1){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /*  */
         printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);          /* printf("hPxij Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);          cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
       }        }
       else        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++)  */
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) /\* Should start at cptcovn+1 *\/ */
     }        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2]; */
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /\* Useless because included in cptcovn *\/ */
     if(mle==1)        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
       printf("\n");        
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
   }        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)                          /* right multiplication of oldm by the current matrix */
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
            /* if((int)age == 70){ */
   if(mle==1)        /*        printf(" Forward hpxij age=%d agexact=%f d=%d nhstepm=%d hstepm=%d\n", (int) age, agexact, d, nhstepm, hstepm); */
     printf("\n");        /*        for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        /*          printf("%d pmmij ",i); */
         /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
         /*            printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/        /*          } */
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */        /*          printf(" oldm "); */
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */        /*            printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */        /*          } */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {        /*          printf("\n"); */
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;        /*        } */
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;        /* } */
     }        savm=oldm;
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);        oldm=newm;
          }
     /*-------- data file ----------*/      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;          /*if(h==nhstepm) printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);*/
     }        }
       /*printf("h=%d ",h);*/
     n= lastobs;    } /* end h */
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);    /*     printf("\n H=%d \n",h); */
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    return po;
     num=ivector(1,n);  }
     moisnais=vector(1,n);  
     annais=vector(1,n);  /************* Higher Back Matrix Product ***************/
     moisdc=vector(1,n);  /* double ***hbxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
     andc=vector(1,n);  double ***hbxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, int stepm, int ij, int nres )
     agedc=vector(1,n);  {
     cod=ivector(1,n);    /* For a combination of dummy covariate ij, computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
     weight=vector(1,n);       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);       nhstepm*hstepm matrices.
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);           for the memory).
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);       included manually here. Then we use a call to bmij(x and cov)
        The addresss of po (p3mat allocated to the dimension of nhstepm) should be stored for output
     i=1;    */
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {  
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {    int i, j, d, h, k;
            double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **bmij();
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){    double **newm, ***newmm;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);    double agexact;
           strcpy(line,stra);    double agebegin, ageend;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    double **oldm, **savm;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
         }    newmm=po; /* To be saved */
            oldm=oldms;savm=savms; /* Global pointers */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
         }        newm=savm;
         num[i]=atol(stra);        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
                cov[1]=1.;
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){        agexact=age-( (h-1)*hstepm + (d)  )*stepm/YEARM; /* age just before transition, d or d-1? */
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/        /* agexact=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /\* age just before transition *\/ */
         cov[2]=agexact;
         i=i+1;        if(nagesqr==1)
       }          cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
     }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++){
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
        scanf("%d",i);*/        /* /\* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; *\/ */
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
           /* printf("hbxij Dummy agexact=%.0f combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov[%d]=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",agexact,ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){        }
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;        for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
     }*/          /* printf("hPxij Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){        }
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){ /* Should start at cptcovn+1 */
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/          if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
              cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
            } else{
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
   Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */          }
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);          /* printf("hBxij Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);        }
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /* Useless because included in cptcovn */
   Tage=ivector(1,15);                cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
            }                 
   if (strlen(model) >1){        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
     j=nbocc(model,'+');  
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');        /* Careful transposed matrix */
     cptcovn=j+1;        /* age is in cov[2], prevacurrent at beginning of transition. */
     cptcovprod=j1;        /* out=matprod2(newm, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij),\ */
            /*                                                 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); */
     strcpy(modelsav,model);        out=matprod2(newm, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent,ij),\
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){                     1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);        /* if((int)age == 70){ */
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);        /*        printf(" Backward hbxij age=%d agexact=%f d=%d nhstepm=%d hstepm=%d\n", (int) age, agexact, d, nhstepm, hstepm); */
       goto end;        /*        for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
     }        /*          printf("%d pmmij ",i); */
            /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){        /*            printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */        /*          } */
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyze it */        /*          printf(" oldm "); */
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/        /*            printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */        /*          } */
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/        /*          printf("\n"); */
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */        /*        } */
           cptcovprod--;        /* } */
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');        savm=oldm;
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/        oldm=newm;
           cptcovage++;      }
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
         }          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */          /* if(h==nhstepm) */
           cptcovprod--;          /*   printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]); */
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');        }
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);      /* printf("h=%d %.1f ",h, agexact); */
           cptcovage++;    } /* end h */
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;    /* printf("\n H=%d nhs=%d \n",h, nhstepm); */
         }    return po;
         else {  /* Age is not in the model */  }
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/  
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;  
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */  #ifdef NLOPT
           Tprod[k1]=i;    double  myfunc(unsigned n, const double *p1, double *grad, void *pd){
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/    double fret;
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */    double *xt;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];    int j;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];    myfunc_data *d2 = (myfunc_data *) pd;
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)  /* xt = (p1-1); */
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];    xt=vector(1,n); 
           k1++;    for (j=1;j<=n;j++)   xt[j]=p1[j-1]; /* xt[1]=p1[0] */
           k2=k2+2;  
         }    fret=(d2->function)(xt); /*  p xt[1]@8 is fine */
       }    /* fret=(*func)(xt); /\*  p xt[1]@8 is fine *\/ */
       else { /* no more sum */    printf("Function = %.12lf ",fret);
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) printf(" %d %.8lf", j, xt[j]); 
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/    printf("\n");
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');   free_vector(xt,1,n);
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);    return fret;
       }  }
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);    #endif
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);  
         scanf("%d",i);*/  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
     } /* end of loop + */  double func( double *x)
   } /* end model */  {
      int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);    int ioffset=0;
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);    double **out;
   scanf("%d ",i);*/    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
     fclose(fic);    int s1, s2;
     int iv=0, iqv=0, itv=0, iqtv=0 ; /* Index of varying covariate, fixed quantitative cov, time varying covariate, quantitative time varying covariate */
     /*  if(mle==1){*/    double bbh, survp;
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/    long ipmx;
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;    double agexact;
     }    /*extern weight */
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
     /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {    */
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){  
          anint[m][i]=9999;    ++countcallfunc;
          s[m][i]=-1;  
        }    cov[1]=1.;
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;  
       }    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
     }    ioffset=0;
     if(mle==1){
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);        /* Computes the values of the ncovmodel covariates of the model
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){           depending if the covariates are fixed or varying (age dependent) and stores them in cov[]
         if(s[m][i] >0){           Then computes with function pmij which return a matrix p[i][j] giving the elementary probability
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {           to be observed in j being in i according to the model.
             if(agedc[i]>0)        */
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)        ioffset=2+nagesqr ;
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];     /* Fixed */
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/        for (k=1; k<=ncovf;k++){ /* Simple and product fixed covariates without age* products */
            else {          cov[ioffset+TvarFind[k]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[k]]][i];/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V1 is fixed (k=6)*/
               if (andc[i]!=9999){        }
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);        /* In model V2+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2 Tvar[1] is V2, Tvar[2=V1*V4] 
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);           is 6, Tvar[3=age*V3] should not be computed because of age Tvar[4=V3*V2] 
               agev[m][i]=-1;           has been calculated etc */
               }        /* For an individual i, wav[i] gives the number of effective waves */
             }        /* We compute the contribution to Likelihood of each effective transition
           }           mw[mi][i] is real wave of the mi th effectve wave */
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */        /* Then statuses are computed at each begin and end of an effective wave s1=s[ mw[mi][i] ][i];
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)           And the iv th varying covariate is the cotvar[mw[mi+1][i]][iv][i]
               agev[m][i]=1;           But if the variable is not in the model TTvar[iv] is the real variable effective in the model:
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){           meaning that decodemodel should be used cotvar[mw[mi+1][i]][TTvar[iv]][i]
               agemin=agev[m][i];        */
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
             }          for(k=1; k <= ncovv ; k++){ /* Varying  covariates (single and product but no age )*/
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){            /* cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]][i]; */
               agemax=agev[m][i];            cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]-ncovcol-nqv][i];
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/          }
             }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           }              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           else { /* =9 */            }
             agev[m][i]=1;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
             s[m][i]=-1;            newm=savm;
           }            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
         }            cov[2]=agexact;
         else /*= 0 Unknown */            if(nagesqr==1)
           agev[m][i]=1;              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;  /* Should be changed here */
       }            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
                if(!FixedV[Tvar[Tage[kk]]])
     }              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact; /* Tage[kk] gives the data-covariate associated with age */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {            else
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[Tage[kk]]-ncovcol-nqv][i]*agexact;
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {            }
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);              out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);                           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           goto end;            savm=oldm;
         }            oldm=newm;
       }          } /* end mult */
     }          
           /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
  fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
            * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. Then we inter(extra)polate the
     free_vector(annais,1,n);           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);                                   * from savm to out if bh is negative or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/                                   * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);                                   * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
     free_vector(andc,1,n);                                   * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
                                    */
              s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
     wav=ivector(1,imx);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);          /* bias bh is positive if real duration
               * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
     /* Concatenates waves */           */
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
           if( s2 > nlstate){ 
             /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known 
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);               then the contribution to the likelihood is the probability to 
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);               die between last step unit time and current  step unit time, 
       ncodemax[1]=1;               which is also equal to probability to die before dh 
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);               minus probability to die before dh-stepm . 
                     In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);               as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
    h=0;               health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);               and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
                 to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){               (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){               introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){               the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){               contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
            h++;               stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;               and month of death but the probability to survive from last
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/               interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
          }               probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
        }               Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
      }               mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
    }               which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);               lower mortality.
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */            */
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){            /* If, at the beginning of the maximization mostly, the
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){               cumulative probability or probability to be dead is
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);               constant (ie = 1) over time d, the difference is equal to
       }               0.  out[s1][3] = savm[s1][3]: probability, being at state
       printf("\n");               s1 at precedent wave, to be dead a month before current
       }               wave is equal to probability, being at state s1 at
       scanf("%d",i);*/               precedent wave, to be dead at mont of the current
                   wave. Then the observed probability (that this person died)
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age               is null according to current estimated parameter. In fact,
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */               it should be very low but not zero otherwise the log go to
                infinity.
                */
      /* #ifdef INFINITYORIGINAL */
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /* #else */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /*        if ((out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]) < mytinydouble)  */
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /*          lli=log(mytinydouble); */
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */  /*        else */
        /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]  /* #endif */
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */            
           } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
     if(mle==1){            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
     }            /*survp += out[s1][j]; */
                lli= log(survp);
     /*--------- results files --------------*/          }
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);          else if  (s2==-4) { 
              for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)  
               survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
    jk=1;            lli= log(survp); 
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");          } 
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");          else if  (s2==-5) { 
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)  
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){            lli= log(survp); 
        if (k != i)          } 
          {          else{
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);          } 
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
              fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);          ipmx +=1;
              jk++;          sw += weight[i];
            }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
            printf("\n");          /* if (lli < log(mytinydouble)){ */
            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");          /*   printf("Close to inf lli = %.10lf <  %.10lf i= %d mi= %d, s[%d][i]=%d s1=%d s2=%d\n", lli,log(mytinydouble), i, mi,mw[mi][i], s[mw[mi][i]][i], s1,s2); */
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");          /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Close to inf lli = %.10lf i= %d mi= %d, s[mw[mi][i]][i]=%d\n", lli, i, mi,s[mw[mi][i]][i]); */
          }          /* } */
      }        } /* end of wave */
    }      } /* end of individual */
    if(mle==1){    }  else if(mle==2){
      /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
      ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
      hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
    }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
    fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){            }
      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
        if (j!=i) {            newm=savm;
          fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);            cov[2]=agexact;
          fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);            if(nagesqr==1)
          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
            printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
            fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
            fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);            }
            jk++;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
          }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
          printf("\n");            savm=oldm;
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            oldm=newm;
          fprintf(ficres,"\n");          } /* end mult */
        }        
      }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
    }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
              bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
    k=1;          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
    fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");          ipmx +=1;
    if(mle==1)          sw += weight[i];
      printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");        } /* end of wave */
    for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){      } /* end of individual */
      /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
          i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
          fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
          printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
      fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
      if(mle==1)            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
        printf("%3d",i);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      for(j=1; j<=i;j++){            }
        fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
        if(mle==1)            newm=savm;
          printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
        fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            cov[2]=agexact;
      }            if(nagesqr==1)
      fprintf(ficres,"\n");              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
      if(mle==1)            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
        printf("\n");              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            }
      k++;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
    }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
                savm=oldm;
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            oldm=newm;
      ungetc(c,ficpar);          } /* end mult */
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        
      puts(line);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
      fputs(line,ficparo);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
    }          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
    ungetc(c,ficpar);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
    estepm=0;          ipmx +=1;
    fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);          sw += weight[i];
    if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
    if (fage <= 2) {        } /* end of wave */
      bage = ageminpar;      } /* end of individual */
      fage = agemaxpar;    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
    }      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
            for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
    fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
    fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
    fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
                  oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      ungetc(c,ficpar);            }
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
      puts(line);            newm=savm;
      fputs(line,ficparo);            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
    }            cov[2]=agexact;
    ungetc(c,ficpar);            if(nagesqr==1)
                cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
    fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
    fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
    fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);            }
              
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
      ungetc(c,ficpar);                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            savm=oldm;
      puts(line);            oldm=newm;
      fputs(line,ficparo);          } /* end mult */
    }        
    ungetc(c,ficpar);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
            s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           if( s2 > nlstate){ 
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;          } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
             for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);              survp += out[s1][j];
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);              lli= log(survp);
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);            }else{
              lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          ipmx +=1;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          sw += weight[i];
     puts(line);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     fputs(line,ficparo);  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   }        } /* end of wave */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      } /* end of individual */
     }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
             for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            }
     puts(line);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);            newm=savm;
   }            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            cov[2]=agexact;
             if(nagesqr==1)
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
             }
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);          
             out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);            savm=oldm;
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");            oldm=newm;
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {          } /* end mult */
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);        
   }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   fclose(ficgp);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
  printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/          ipmx +=1;
           sw += weight[i];
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {        } /* end of wave */
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);      } /* end of individual */
   }    } /* End of if */
     for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
   fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
 \n    return -l;
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n  }
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n  
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
  <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n  double funcone( double *x)
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n  {
  - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n    /* Same as func but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   fclose(fichtm);    int ioffset=0;
     double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
  printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);    double **out;
      double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/    double llt;
  chdir(path);    int s1, s2;
      int iv=0, iqv=0, itv=0, iqtv=0 ; /* Index of varying covariate, fixed quantitative cov, time varying covariate, quantitative time varying covariate */
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);  
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    double bbh, survp;
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      double agexact;
  free_ivector(num,1,n);    double agebegin, ageend;
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);    /*extern weight */
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
  fclose(ficparo);    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
  fclose(ficres);    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
       printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
     */
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/    cov[1]=1.;
    
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);    ioffset=0;
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;      /* ioffset=2+nagesqr+cptcovage; */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;      ioffset=2+nagesqr;
   }      /* Fixed */
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i]; */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);      /* for (k=1; k<=ncoveff;k++){ /\* Simple and product fixed Dummy covariates without age* products *\/ */
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");      for (k=1; k<=ncovf;k++){ /* Simple and product fixed covariates without age* products */
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");        cov[ioffset+TvarFind[k]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[k]]][i];/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V1 is fixed (k=6)*/
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);  /*    cov[ioffset+TvarFind[1]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[1]]][i];  */
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");  /*    cov[2+6]=covar[Tvar[6]][i];  */
    /*    cov[2+6]=covar[2][i]; V2  */
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  /*    cov[TvarFind[2]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[2]]][i];  */
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /*    cov[2+7]=covar[Tvar[7]][i];  */
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /*    cov[2+7]=covar[7][i]; V7=V1*V2  */
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /*    cov[TvarFind[3]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[3]]][i];  */
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /*    cov[2+9]=covar[Tvar[9]][i];  */
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */  /*    cov[2+9]=covar[1][i]; V1  */
   k=0;      }
   agebase=ageminpar;      /* for (k=1; k<=nqfveff;k++){ /\* Simple and product fixed Quantitative covariates without age* products *\/ */
   agelim=agemaxpar;      /*   cov[++ioffset]=coqvar[TvarFQ[k]][i];/\* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V2 and V1*V2 is fixed (k=6 and 7?)*\/ */
   ftolpl=1.e-10;      /* } */
   i1=cptcoveff;      /* for(iqv=1; iqv <= nqfveff; iqv++){ /\* Quantitative fixed covariates *\/ */
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}      /*   cov[++ioffset]=coqvar[Tvar[iqv]][i]; /\* Only V2 k=6 and V1*V2 7 *\/ */
       /* } */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  
         k=k+1;      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  /* Varying with waves */
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/      /* Wave varying (but not age varying) */
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");        for(k=1; k <= ncovv ; k++){ /* Varying  covariates (single and product but no age )*/
         printf("\n#******");          /* cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]][i]; */
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");          cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]-ncovcol-nqv][i];
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {        }
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        /* for(itv=1; itv <= ntveff; itv++){ /\* Varying dummy covariates (single??)*\/ */
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        /* iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[ioffset-2-nagesqr-cptcovage+itv]]-ncovcol-nqv; /\* Counting the # varying covariate from 1 to ntveff *\/ */
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        /* cov[ioffset+iv]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][iv][i]; */
         }        /* k=ioffset-2-nagesqr-cptcovage+itv; /\* position in simple model *\/ */
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");        /* cov[ioffset+itv]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]; */
         printf("******\n");        /* printf(" i=%d,mi=%d,itv=%d,TmodelInvind[itv]=%d,cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]=%f\n", i, mi, itv, TmodelInvind[itv],cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]); */
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");        /* for(iqtv=1; iqtv <= nqtveff; iqtv++){ /\* Varying quantitatives covariates *\/ */
                /*        iv=TmodelInvQind[iqtv]; /\* Counting the # varying covariate from 1 to ntveff *\/ */
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){        /*        /\* printf(" i=%d,mi=%d,iqtv=%d,TmodelInvQind[iqtv]=%d,cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]=%f\n", i, mi, iqtv, TmodelInvQind[iqtv],cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]); *\/ */
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);        /*        cov[ioffset+ntveff+iqtv]=cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]; */
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );        /* } */
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         }            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }          }
     }        
   fclose(ficrespl);        agebegin=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]; /* Age at beginning of effective wave */
         ageend=agev[mw[mi][i]][i] + (dh[mi][i])*stepm/YEARM; /* Age at end of effective wave and at the end of transition */
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){  /* Delay between two effective waves */
          /* for(d=0; d<=0; d++){  /\* Delay between two effective waves Only one matrix to speed up*\/ */
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);          /*dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {            and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.*/
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;          newm=savm;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;          agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;  /* Here d is needed */
   }          cov[2]=agexact;
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);          if(nagesqr==1)
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);            cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;            if(!FixedV[Tvar[Tage[kk]]])
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
             else
   agelim=AGESUP;              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[Tage[kk]]-ncovcol-nqv][i]*agexact;
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */          }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */          /* printf("i=%d,mi=%d,d=%d,mw[mi][i]=%d\n",i, mi,d,mw[mi][i]); */
           /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
   /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                        1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   k=0;          /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){          /*           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate)); */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){          savm=oldm;
       k=k+1;          oldm=newm;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");        } /* end mult */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
                /* if(s2==-1){ */
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */        /*        printf(" ERROR s1=%d, s2=%d i=%d \n", s1, s2, i); */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        /*        /\* exit(1); *\/ */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */        /* } */
         bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
           /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/        /* bias is positive if real duration
          * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);         */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");        } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)            survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);          lli= log(survp);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        }else if (mle==1){
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );        } else if(mle==2){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)        } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
              }          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        } else{  /* mle=0 back to 1 */
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
         }          /*lli=log(out[s1][s2]); */ /* Original formula */
     }        } /* End of if */
   }        ipmx +=1;
         sw += weight[i];
   varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   fclose(ficrespij);        if(globpr){
           fprintf(ficresilk,"%09ld %6.1f %6.1f %6d %2d %2d %2d %2d %3d %15.6f %8.4f %8.3f\
    %11.6f %11.6f %11.6f ", \
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/                  num[i], agebegin, ageend, i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],weight[i]*gipmx/gsw,
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){                  2*weight[i]*lli,(s2==-1? -1: out[s1][s2]),(s2==-1? -1: savm[s1][s2]));
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
   }            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
   else{          }
     erreur=108;          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);        }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);          } /* end of wave */
   }  } /* end of individual */
    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/  l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
   if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
   strcpy(filerest,"t");          gipmx=ipmx;
   strcat(filerest,fileres);          gsw=sw;
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {  }
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;  return -l;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;  }
   }  
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);  /*************** function likelione ***********/
   void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*func)(double []))
   {
   strcpy(filerese,"e");    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
   strcat(filerese,fileres);       the selection of individuals/waves and
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {       to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);       Plotting could be done.
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);     */
   }    int k;
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
       strcpy(fileresilk,"ILK_"); 
   strcpy(fileresv,"v");      strcat(fileresilk,fileresu);
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);      }
   }      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) count ageb ageend s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight weight/gpw -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i ageb agend i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight %%weight 2wlli out sav ");
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);      /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
   calagedate=-1;      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
       fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
   k=0;    }
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    *fretone=(*func)(p);
       k=k+1;    if(*globpri !=0){
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");      fclose(ficresilk);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      if (mle ==0)
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood computed with initial parameters and mle = %d.",mle);
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");      else if(mle >=1)
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood computed with optimized parameters mle = %d.",mle);
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");      fprintf(fichtm," You should at least run with mle >= 1 to get starting values corresponding to the optimized parameters in order to visualize the real contribution of each individual/wave: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Equation of the model: <b>model=1+age+%s</b><br>\n",model); 
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");      for (k=1; k<= nlstate ; k++) {
         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probability p<sub>%dj</sub> by origin %d and destination j. Dot's sizes are related to corresponding weight: <a href=\"%s-p%dj.png\">%s-p%dj.png</a><br> \
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");  <img src=\"%s-p%dj.png\">",k,k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      }
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- The function drawn is -2Log(L) in Log scale: by state of origin <a href=\"%s-ori.png\">%s-ori.png</a><br> \
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");  <img src=\"%s-ori.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- and by state of destination <a href=\"%s-dest.png\">%s-dest.png</a><br> \
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);  <img src=\"%s-dest.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      fflush(fichtm);
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);      }
      return;
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);  }
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  
       varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0);  
       if(popbased==1){  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased);  
        }  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
   {
      int i,j, iter=0;
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");    double **xi;
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);    double fret;
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
     /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);  
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){  #ifdef NLOPT
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    int creturn;
         if (popbased==1) {    nlopt_opt opt;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    /* double lb[9] = { -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL }; /\* lower bounds *\/ */
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];    double *lb;
         }    double minf; /* the minimum objective value, upon return */
            double * p1; /* Shifted parameters from 0 instead of 1 */
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);    myfunc_data dinst, *d = &dinst;
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){  #endif
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {  
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];  
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
           }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
         }        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)    strcpy(filerespow,"POW_"); 
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));    }
         }    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       }      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
     }        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
   }    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);  #ifdef POWELL
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
     free_vector(weight,1,n);  #endif
   fclose(ficreseij);  
   fclose(ficresvij);  #ifdef NLOPT
   fclose(ficrest);  #ifdef NEWUOA
   fclose(ficpar);    opt = nlopt_create(NLOPT_LN_NEWUOA,npar);
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);  #else
      opt = nlopt_create(NLOPT_LN_BOBYQA,npar);
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/    #endif
     lb=vector(0,npar-1);
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");    for (i=0;i<npar;i++) lb[i]= -HUGE_VAL;
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);    nlopt_set_lower_bounds(opt, lb);
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {    nlopt_set_initial_step1(opt, 0.1);
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    
     exit(0);    p1= (p+1); /*  p *(p+1)@8 and p *(p1)@8 are equal p1[0]=p[1] */
   }    d->function = func;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);    printf(" Func %.12lf \n",myfunc(npar,p1,NULL,d));
     nlopt_set_min_objective(opt, myfunc, d);
   k=0;    nlopt_set_xtol_rel(opt, ftol);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    if ((creturn=nlopt_optimize(opt, p1, &minf)) < 0) {
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      printf("nlopt failed! %d\n",creturn); 
       k=k+1;    }
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    else {
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      printf("found minimum after %d evaluations (NLOPT=%d)\n", countcallfunc ,NLOPT);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      printf("found minimum at f(%g,%g) = %0.10g\n", p[0], p[1], minf);
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");      iter=1; /* not equal */
          }
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    nlopt_destroy(opt);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  #endif
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    free_matrix(xi,1,npar,1,npar);
     }    fclose(ficrespow);
  }    printf("\n#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   fclose(ficresvpl);    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/  }
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
    /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  void hesscov(double **matcov, double **hess, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  {
      double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
      /* double **hess; */
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    int i, j;
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    int *indx;
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
      double hessij(double p[], double **hess, double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    double gompertz(double p[]);
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    /* hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar); */
   
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
   fclose(fichtm);    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
   fclose(ficgp);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
        printf("%d-",i);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d-",i);fflush(ficlog);
   if(erreur >0){     
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);       hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);      
   }else{      /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
    printf("End of Imach\n");          printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
    fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");    }
   }    
   printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
   fclose(ficlog);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */        if (j>i) { 
            printf(".%d-%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/          fprintf(ficlog,".%d-%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,hess, delti,i,j,func,npar);
   /*------ End -----------*/          
           hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
           /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
  end:        }
 #ifdef windows      }
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/    }
 #endif    printf("\n");
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/  
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);    
  strcat(plotcmd," ");    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
  system(plotcmd);    x=vector(1,npar);
     indx=ivector(1,npar);
 #ifdef windows    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   while (z[0] != 'q') {      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
     /* chdir(path); */    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");  
     scanf("%s",z);    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);      x[j]=1;
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   }        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
 #endif      }
 }    }
   
     printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
       for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
         printf("%.6e ",hess[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%.6e ",hess[i][j]);
       }
       printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }
   
     /* printf("\n#Covariance matrix#\n"); */
     /* fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Covariance matrix#\n"); */
     /* for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  */
     /*   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  */
     /*     printf("%.6e ",matcov[i][j]); */
     /*     fprintf(ficlog,"%.6e ",matcov[i][j]); */
     /*   } */
     /*   printf("\n"); */
     /*   fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
     /* } */
   
     /* Recompute Inverse */
     /* for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) */
     /*   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j]; */
     /* ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd); */
   
     /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n"); */
   
     /* for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { */
     /*   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0; */
     /*   x[j]=1; */
     /*   lubksb(a,npar,indx,x); */
     /*   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  */
     /*     y[i][j]=x[i]; */
     /*     printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]); */
     /*     fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]); */
     /*   } */
     /*   printf("\n"); */
     /*   fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
     /* } */
   
     /* Verifying the inverse matrix */
   #ifdef DEBUGHESS
     y=matprod2(y,hess,1,npar,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   
      printf("\n#Verification: multiplying the matrix of covariance by the Hessian matrix, should be unity:#\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Verification: multiplying the matrix of covariance by the Hessian matrix. Should be unity:#\n");
   
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         printf("%.2f ",y[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%.2f ",y[i][j]);
       }
       printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }
   #endif
   
     free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(x,1,npar);
     free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
     /* free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar); */
   
   
   }
   
   /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
   double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
   { /* Around values of x, computes the function func and returns the scales delti and hessian */
     int i;
     int l=1, lmax=20;
     double k1,k2, res, fx;
     double p2[MAXPARM+1]; /* identical to x */
     double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
     int k=0,kmax=10;
     double l1;
   
     fx=func(x);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  /* Enlarging the zone around the Maximum */
       l1=pow(10,l);
       delts=delt;
       for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
         delt = delta*(l1*k);
         p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
         k1=func(p2)-fx;   /* Might be negative if too close to the theoretical maximum */
         p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
         k2=func(p2)-fx;
         /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
         res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by 2 because L and not 2*L */
         
   #ifdef DEBUGHESSII
         printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   #endif
         /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
         if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
           k=kmax;
         }
         else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
           k=kmax; l=lmax*10;
         }
         else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
           delts=delt;
         }
       } /* End loop k */
     }
     delti[theta]=delts;
     return res; 
     
   }
   
   double hessij( double x[], double **hess, double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
   {
     int i;
     int l=1, lmax=20;
     double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
     double p2[MAXPARM+1];
     int k, kmax=1;
     double v1, v2, cv12, lc1, lc2;
   
     int firstime=0;
     
     fx=func(x);
     for (k=1; k<=kmax; k=k+10) {
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]*k;
       k1=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]*k;
       k2=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]*k;
       k3=func(p2)-fx;
     
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]*k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]*k;
       k4=func(p2)-fx;
       res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]/k/delti[thetaj]/k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
       if(k1*k2*k3*k4 <0.){
         firstime=1;
         kmax=kmax+10;
       }
       if(kmax >=10 || firstime ==1){
         printf("Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; you could increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; you could increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
         printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti*k=%.12e deltj*k=%.12e, xi-de*k=%.12e xj-de*k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti*k=%.12e deltj*k=%.12e, xi-de*k=%.12e xj-de*k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       }
   #ifdef DEBUGHESSIJ
       v1=hess[thetai][thetai];
       v2=hess[thetaj][thetaj];
       cv12=res;
       /* Computing eigen value of Hessian matrix */
       lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
         printf("Warning: sub Hessian matrix '%d%d' does not have positive eigen values \n",thetai,thetaj);
         fprintf(ficlog, "Warning: sub Hessian matrix '%d%d' does not have positive eigen values \n",thetai,thetaj);
         printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       }
   #endif
     }
     return res;
   }
   
       /* Not done yet: Was supposed to fix if not exactly at the maximum */
   /* double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar) */
   /* { */
   /*   int i; */
   /*   int l=1, lmax=20; */
   /*   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx; */
   /*   double p2[MAXPARM+1]; */
   /*   double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4; */
   /*   int k=0,kmax=10; */
   /*   double l1; */
     
   /*   fx=func(x); */
   /*   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  /\* Enlarging the zone around the Maximum *\/ */
   /*     l1=pow(10,l); */
   /*     delts=delt; */
   /*     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){ */
   /*       delt = delti*(l1*k); */
   /*       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i]; */
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k1=func(p2)-fx; */
         
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k2=func(p2)-fx; */
         
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k3=func(p2)-fx; */
         
   /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k; */
   /*       k4=func(p2)-fx; */
   /*       res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /\* Because of L not 2*L *\/ */
   /* #ifdef DEBUGHESSIJ */
   /*       printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4); */
   /*       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4); */
   /* #endif */
   /*       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)|| (k4 <khi/nkhi/2.)|| (k4 <khi/nkhi/2.)){ */
   /*      k=kmax; */
   /*       } */
   /*       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif) || (k4 >khi/nkhif) || (k4 >khi/nkhif)){ /\* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. *\/ */
   /*      k=kmax; l=lmax*10; */
   /*       } */
   /*       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){  */
   /*      delts=delt; */
   /*       } */
   /*     } /\* End loop k *\/ */
   /*   } */
   /*   delti[theta]=delts; */
   /*   return res;  */
   /* } */
   
   
   /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
   void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
   { 
     int i,imax,j,k; 
     double big,dum,sum,temp; 
     double *vv; 
    
     vv=vector(1,n); 
     *d=1.0; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       big=0.0; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
         if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
       if (big == 0.0){
         printf(" Singular Hessian matrix at row %d:\n",i);
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
           printf(" a[%d][%d]=%f,",i,j,a[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," a[%d][%d]=%f,",i,j,a[i][j]);
         }
         fflush(ficlog);
         fclose(ficlog);
         nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
       }
       vv[i]=1.0/big; 
     } 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
         sum=a[i][j]; 
         for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         a[i][j]=sum; 
       } 
       big=0.0; 
       for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
         sum=a[i][j]; 
         for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
           sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         a[i][j]=sum; 
         if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
           big=dum; 
           imax=i; 
         } 
       } 
       if (j != imax) { 
         for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
           dum=a[imax][k]; 
           a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
           a[j][k]=dum; 
         } 
         *d = -(*d); 
         vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
       } 
       indx[j]=imax; 
       if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
       if (j != n) { 
         dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
         for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
       } 
     } 
     free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
   ;
   } 
   
   void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
   { 
     int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
     double sum; 
    
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       ip=indx[i]; 
       sum=b[ip]; 
       b[ip]=b[i]; 
       if (ii) 
         for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       else if (sum) ii=i; 
       b[i]=sum; 
     } 
     for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
       sum=b[i]; 
       for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
     } 
   } 
   
   void pstamp(FILE *fichier)
   {
     fprintf(fichier,"# %s.%s\n#IMaCh version %s, %s\n#%s\n# %s", optionfilefiname,optionfilext,version,copyright, fullversion, strstart);
   }
   
   
   
   /************ Frequencies ********************/
   void  freqsummary(char fileres[], double p[], double pstart[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, \
                     int *Tvaraff, int *invalidvarcomb, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[], \
                     int firstpass,  int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[])
   {  /* Some frequencies as well as proposing some starting values */
     
     int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j, nj, nl, k, iv, jj=0, s1=1, s2=1;
     int iind=0, iage=0;
     int mi; /* Effective wave */
     int first;
     double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     double *x, *y, a=0.,b=0.,r=1., sa=0., sb=0.; /* for regression, y=b+m*x and r is the correlation coefficient */
     int no=0, linreg(int ifi, int ila, int *no, const double x[], const double y[], double* a, double* b, double* r, double* sa, double * sb);
     double *meanq, *stdq, *idq;
     double **meanqt;
     double *pp, **prop, *posprop, *pospropt;
     double pos=0., posproptt=0., pospropta=0., k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
     char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresphtm[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresphtmfr[FILENAMELENGTH];
     double agebegin, ageend;
       
     pp=vector(1,nlstate);
     prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE); 
     posprop=vector(1,nlstate); /* Counting the number of transition starting from a live state per age */ 
     pospropt=vector(1,nlstate); /* Counting the number of transition starting from a live state */ 
     /* prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); */
     meanq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
     stdq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
     idq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
     meanqt=matrix(1,lastpass,1,nqtveff);
     strcpy(fileresp,"P_");
     strcat(fileresp,fileresu);
     /*strcat(fileresphtm,fileresu);*/
     if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       exit(0);
     }
     
     strcpy(fileresphtm,subdirfext(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"));
     if((ficresphtm=fopen(fileresphtm,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with prevalence HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtm,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtm,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       exit(70); 
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficresphtm,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh PHTM_ %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n                                    \
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
               fileresphtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
     fprintf(ficresphtm,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies and prevalence by age at begin of transition and dummy covariate value at beginning of transition</h4>\n",fileresphtm, fileresphtm);
     
     strcpy(fileresphtmfr,subdirfext(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"));
     if((ficresphtmfr=fopen(fileresphtmfr,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with frequency table HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtmfr,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with frequency table HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtmfr,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       exit(70); 
     } else{
       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh PHTM_Frequency table %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n                                    \
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
               fileresphtmfr,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
     fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies of all effective transitions of the model, by age at begin of transition, and covariate value at the begin of transition (if the covariate is a varying covariate) </h4>Unknown status is -1<br/>\n",fileresphtmfr, fileresphtmfr);
     
     y= vector(iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     x= vector(iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     j1=0;
     
     /* j=ncoveff;  /\* Only fixed dummy covariates *\/ */
     j=cptcoveff;  /* Only dummy covariates of the model */
     if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     
     
     /* Detects if a combination j1 is empty: for a multinomial variable like 3 education levels:
        reference=low_education V1=0,V2=0
        med_educ                V1=1 V2=0, 
        high_educ               V1=0 V2=1
        Then V1=1 and V2=1 is a noisy combination that we want to exclude for the list 2**cptcoveff 
     */
     dateintsum=0;
     k2cpt=0;
   
     if(cptcoveff == 0 )
       nl=1;  /* Constant and age model only */
     else
       nl=2;
   
     /* if a constant only model, one pass to compute frequency tables and to write it on ficresp */
     /* Loop on nj=1 or 2 if dummy covariates j!=0
      *   Loop on j1(1 to 2**cptcoveff) covariate combination
      *     freq[s1][s2][iage] =0.
      *     Loop on iind
      *       ++freq[s1][s2][iage] weighted
      *     end iind
      *     if covariate and j!0
      *       headers Variable on one line
      *     endif cov j!=0
      *     header of frequency table by age
      *     Loop on age
      *       pp[s1]+=freq[s1][s2][iage] weighted
      *       pos+=freq[s1][s2][iage] weighted
      *       Loop on s1 initial state
      *         fprintf(ficresp
      *       end s1
      *     end age
      *     if j!=0 computes starting values
      *     end compute starting values
      *   end j1
      * end nl 
      */
     for (nj = 1; nj <= nl; nj++){   /* nj= 1 constant model, nl number of loops. */
       if(nj==1)
         j=0;  /* First pass for the constant */
       else{
         j=cptcoveff; /* Other passes for the covariate values */
       }
       first=1;
       for (j1 = 1; j1 <= (int) pow(2,j); j1++){ /* Loop on all covariates combination of the model, excluding quantitatives, V4=0, V3=0 for example, fixed or varying covariates */
         posproptt=0.;
         /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
           scanf("%d", i);*/
         for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
           for (s2=-5; s2<=nlstate+ndeath; s2++)  
             for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
               freq[i][s2][m]=0;
         
         for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  {
           for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
             prop[i][m]=0;
           posprop[i]=0;
           pospropt[i]=0;
         }
         for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) { /* zeroing for each combination j1 as well as for the total */
           idq[z1]=0.;
           meanq[z1]=0.;
           stdq[z1]=0.;
         }
         /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqtveff; z1++) { */
         /*   for(m=1;m<=lastpass;m++){ */
         /*          meanqt[m][z1]=0.; */
         /*        } */
         /* }       */
         /* dateintsum=0; */
         /* k2cpt=0; */
         
         /* For that combination of covariates j1 (V4=1 V3=0 for example), we count and print the frequencies in one pass */
         for (iind=1; iind<=imx; iind++) { /* For each individual iind */
           bool=1;
           if(j !=0){
             if(anyvaryingduminmodel==0){ /* If All fixed covariates */
               if (cptcoveff >0) { /* Filter is here: Must be looked at for model=V1+V2+V3+V4 */
                 for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) { /* loops on covariates in the model */
                   /* if(Tvaraff[z1] ==-20){ */
                   /*       /\* sumnew+=cotvar[mw[mi][iind]][z1][iind]; *\/ */
                   /* }else  if(Tvaraff[z1] ==-10){ */
                   /*       /\* sumnew+=coqvar[z1][iind]; *\/ */
                   /* }else  */
                   if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]){ /* for combination j1 of covariates */
                     /* Tests if the value of the covariate z1 for this individual iind responded to combination j1 (V4=1 V3=0) */
                     bool=0; /* bool should be equal to 1 to be selected, one covariate value failed */
                     /* printf("bool=%d i=%d, z1=%d, Tvaraff[%d]=%d, covar[Tvarff][%d]=%2f, codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, nbcode[Tvaraff][codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, j1=%d\n", 
                        bool,i,z1, z1, Tvaraff[z1],i,covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i],j1,z1,codtabm(j1,z1),
                        j1,z1,nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)],j1);*/
                     /* For j1=7 in V1+V2+V3+V4 = 0 1 1 0 and codtabm(7,3)=1 and nbcde[3][?]=1*/
                   } /* Onlyf fixed */
                 } /* end z1 */
               } /* cptcovn > 0 */
             } /* end any */
           }/* end j==0 */
           if (bool==1){ /* We selected an individual iind satisfying combination j1 (V4=1 V3=0) or all fixed covariates */
             /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){ */
             for(mi=1; mi<wav[iind];mi++){ /* For each wave */
               m=mw[mi][iind];
               if(j!=0){
                 if(anyvaryingduminmodel==1){ /* Some are varying covariates */
                   for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) {
                     if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]==1){
                       iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]]-ncovcol-nqv;
                       if (cotvar[m][iv][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) /* iv=1 to ntv, right modality. If covariate's 
                                                                                         value is -1, we don't select. It differs from the 
                                                                                         constant and age model which counts them. */
                         bool=0; /* not selected */
                     }else if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]== 0) { /* fixed */
                       if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) {
                         bool=0;
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 }/* Some are varying covariates, we tried to speed up if all fixed covariates in the model, avoiding waves loop  */
               } /* end j==0 */
               /* bool =0 we keep that guy which corresponds to the combination of dummy values */
               if(bool==1){ /*Selected */
                 /* dh[m][iind] or dh[mw[mi][iind]][iind] is the delay between two effective (mi) waves m=mw[mi][iind]
                    and mw[mi+1][iind]. dh depends on stepm. */
                 agebegin=agev[m][iind]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
                 ageend=agev[m][iind]+(dh[m][iind])*stepm/YEARM; /* Age at end of wave and transition */
                 if(m >=firstpass && m <=lastpass){
                   k2=anint[m][iind]+(mint[m][iind]/12.);
                   /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
                   if(agev[m][iind]==0) agev[m][iind]=iagemax+1;  /* All ages equal to 0 are in iagemax+1 */
                   if(agev[m][iind]==1) agev[m][iind]=iagemax+2;  /* All ages equal to 1 are in iagemax+2 */
                   if (s[m][iind]>0 && s[m][iind]<=nlstate)  /* If status at wave m is known and a live state */
                     prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind];  /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   if (m<lastpass) {
                     /* if(s[m][iind]==4 && s[m+1][iind]==4) */
                     /*   printf(" num=%ld m=%d, iind=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d\n", num[iind], m, iind,s[m][iind],s[m+1][iind], (int)agev[m][iind]); */
                     if(s[m][iind]==-1)
                       printf(" num=%ld m=%d, iind=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d agebegin=%.2f ageend=%.2f, agemed=%d\n", num[iind], m, iind,s[m][iind],s[m+1][iind], (int)agev[m][iind],agebegin, ageend, (int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.));
                     freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind]; /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                     for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) { /* Quantitative variables, calculating mean */
                       idq[z1]=idq[z1]+weight[iind];
                       meanq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind];  /* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter */
                       stdq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind]*weight[iind]; /* *weight[iind];*/  /* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter */
                     }
                     /* if((int)agev[m][iind] == 55) */
                     /*   printf("j=%d, j1=%d Age %d, iind=%d, num=%09ld m=%d\n",j,j1,(int)agev[m][iind],iind, num[iind],m); */
                     /* freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][(int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.)] += weight[iind]; */
                     freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][iagemax+3] += weight[iind]; /* Total is in iagemax+3 *//* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   }
                 } /* end if between passes */  
                 if ((agev[m][iind]>1) && (agev[m][iind]< (iagemax+3)) && (anint[m][iind]!=9999) && (mint[m][iind]!=99) && (j==0)) {
                   dateintsum=dateintsum+k2; /* on all covariates ?*/
                   k2cpt++;
                   /* printf("iind=%ld dateintmean = %lf dateintsum=%lf k2cpt=%lf k2=%lf\n",iind, dateintsum/k2cpt, dateintsum,k2cpt, k2); */
                 }
               }else{
                 bool=1;
               }/* end bool 2 */
             } /* end m */
             /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) { /\* Quantitative variables, calculating mean *\/ */
             /*   idq[z1]=idq[z1]+weight[iind]; */
             /*   meanq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind];  /\* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter *\/ */
             /*   stdq[z1]+=covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*covar[ncovcol+z1][iind]*weight[iind]*weight[iind]; /\* *weight[iind];*\/  /\* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter *\/ */
             /* } */
           } /* end bool */
         } /* end iind = 1 to imx */
         /* prop[s][age] is feeded for any initial and valid live state as well as
            freq[s1][s2][age] at single age of beginning the transition, for a combination j1 */
         
         
         /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
         if(cptcoveff==0 && nj==1) /* no covariate and first pass */
           pstamp(ficresp);
         if  (cptcoveff>0 && j!=0){
           pstamp(ficresp);
           printf( "\n#********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable "); 
           fprintf(ficlog, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
             if(!FixedV[Tvaraff[z1]]){
               printf( "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresp, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtm, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficlog, "V%d(fixed)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
             }else{
               printf( "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresp, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtm, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
               fprintf(ficlog, "V%d(varying)=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
             }
           }
           printf( "**********\n#");
           fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
           fprintf(ficresphtm, "**********</h3>\n");
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "**********</h3>\n");
           fprintf(ficlog, "**********\n");
         }
         /*
           Printing means of quantitative variables if any
         */
         for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) {
           fprintf(ficlog,"Mean of fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f individuals sum=%f", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1], meanq[z1]);
           fprintf(ficlog,", mean=%.3g\n",meanq[z1]/idq[z1]);
           if(weightopt==1){
             printf(" Weighted mean and standard deviation of");
             fprintf(ficlog," Weighted mean and standard deviation of");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr," Weighted mean and standard deviation of");
           }
           printf(" fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f representatives of the population : %6.3g (%6.3g)\n", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1],meanq[z1]/idq[z1], sqrt((stdq[z1]-meanq[z1]*meanq[z1]/idq[z1])/idq[z1]));
           fprintf(ficlog," fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f representatives of the population : %6.3g (%6.3g)\n", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1],meanq[z1]/idq[z1], sqrt((stdq[z1]-meanq[z1]*meanq[z1]/idq[z1])/idq[z1]));
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr," fixed quantitative variable V%d on %.0f representatives of the population : %6.3g (%6.3g)<p>\n", ncovcol+z1, idq[z1],meanq[z1]/idq[z1], sqrt((stdq[z1]-meanq[z1]*meanq[z1]/idq[z1])/idq[z1]));
         }
         /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqtveff; z1++) { */
         /*        for(m=1;m<=lastpass;m++){ */
         /*          fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"V quantitative id %d, pass id=%d, mean=%f<p>\n", z1, m, meanqt[m][z1]); */
         /*   } */
         /* } */
   
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
         if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) /* no covariate and first pass */
           fprintf(ficresp, " Age");
         if(nj==2) for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, " V%d=%d",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
           if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) fprintf(ficresp," Prev(%d)  N(%d)  N  ",i,i);
           fprintf(ficresphtm, "<th>Age</th><th>Prev(%d)</th><th>N(%d)</th><th>N</th>",i,i);
         }
         if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
         fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n");
         
         /* Header of frequency table by age */
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>Age</th> ");
         for(s2=-1; s2 <=nlstate+ndeath; s2++){
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
             if(s2!=0 && m!=0)
               fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>%d%d</th> ",s2,m);
           }
         }
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n");
       
         /* For each age */
         for(iage=iagemin; iage <= iagemax+3; iage++){
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr>");
           if(iage==iagemax+1){
             fprintf(ficlog,"1");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>0</th> ");
           }else if(iage==iagemax+2){
             fprintf(ficlog,"0");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Unknown</th> ");
           }else if(iage==iagemax+3){
             fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Total</th> ");
           }else{
             if(first==1){
               first=0;
               printf("See log file for details...\n");
             }
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>%d</th> ",iage);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", iage);
           }
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             for(m=-1, pp[s1]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
               pp[s1] += freq[s1][m][iage]; 
           }
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
               pos += freq[s1][m][iage];
             if(pp[s1]>=1.e-10){
               if(first==1){
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pos/pp[s1]);
               }
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pos/pp[s1]);
             }else{
               if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
             }
           }
         
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){ 
             /* posprop[s1]=0; */
             for(m=0, pp[s1]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)/* Summing on all ages */
               pp[s1] += freq[s1][m][iage];
           }       /* pp[s1] is the total number of transitions starting from state s1 and any ending status until this age */
         
           for(s1=1,pos=0, pospropta=0.; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             pos += pp[s1]; /* pos is the total number of transitions until this age */
             posprop[s1] += prop[s1][iage]; /* prop is the number of transitions from a live state
                                               from s1 at age iage prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind] */
             pospropta += prop[s1][iage]; /* prop is the number of transitions from a live state
                                             from s1 at age iage prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind] */
           }
           
           /* Writing ficresp */
           if(cptcoveff==0 && nj==1){ /* no covariate and first pass */
             if( iage <= iagemax){
               fprintf(ficresp," %d",iage);
             }
           }else if( nj==2){
             if( iage <= iagemax){
               fprintf(ficresp," %d",iage);
               for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, " %d %d",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
             }
           }
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
             if(pos>=1.e-5){
               if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pp[s1]/pos);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",s1,pp[s1],s1,100*pp[s1]/pos);
             }else{
               if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",s1,pp[s1],s1);
             }
             if( iage <= iagemax){
               if(pos>=1.e-5){
                 if(cptcoveff==0 && nj==1){ /* no covariate and first pass */
                   fprintf(ficresp," %.5f %.0f %.0f",prop[s1][iage]/pospropta, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 }else if( nj==2){
                   fprintf(ficresp," %.5f %.0f %.0f",prop[s1][iage]/pospropta, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 }
                 fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",iage,prop[s1][iage]/pospropta, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 /*probs[iage][s1][j1]= pp[s1]/pos;*/
                 /*printf("\niage=%d s1=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",iage,s1,j1,pp[s1]/pos, pp[s1],pos,probs[iage][s1][j1]);*/
               } else{
                 if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) fprintf(ficresp," NaNq %.0f %.0f",prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
                 fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>NaNq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",iage, prop[s1][iage],pospropta);
               }
             }
             pospropt[s1] +=posprop[s1];
           } /* end loop s1 */
           /* pospropt=0.; */
           for(s1=-1; s1 <=nlstate+ndeath; s1++){
             for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
               if(freq[s1][m][iage] !=0 ) { /* minimizing output */
                 if(first==1){
                   printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,m,freq[s1][m][iage]);
                 }
                 /* printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,m,freq[s1][m][iage]); */
                 fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",s1,m,freq[s1][m][iage]);
               }
               if(s1!=0 && m!=0)
                 fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<td>%.0f</td> ",freq[s1][m][iage]);
             }
           } /* end loop s1 */
           posproptt=0.; 
           for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate; s1++){
             posproptt += pospropt[s1];
           }
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</tr>\n ");
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
           if((cptcoveff==0 && nj==1)|| nj==2 ) {
             if(iage <= iagemax)
               fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
           }
           if(first==1)
             printf("Others in log...\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         } /* end loop age iage */
         
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr><th>Tot</th>");
         for(s1=1; s1 <=nlstate ; s1++){
           if(posproptt < 1.e-5){
             fprintf(ficresphtm,"<td>Nanq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",pospropt[s1],posproptt); 
           }else{
             fprintf(ficresphtm,"<td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",pospropt[s1]/posproptt,pospropt[s1],posproptt);  
           }
         }
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"</table>\n");
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
         if(posproptt < 1.e-5){
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"\n <p><b> This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced</b></p>",j1);
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"\n <p><b> This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced</b></p>",j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"#  This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced\n",j1);
           printf("#  This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced\n",j1);
           invalidvarcomb[j1]=1;
         }else{
           fprintf(ficresphtm,"\n <p> This combination (%d) is valid and result will be produced.</p>",j1);
           invalidvarcomb[j1]=0;
         }
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         if(j!=0){
           printf("#Freqsummary: Starting values for combination j1=%d:\n", j1);
           for(i=1,s1=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
             for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
               if (k != i) {
                 for(jj=1; jj <=ncovmodel; jj++){ /* For counting s1 */
                   if(jj==1){  /* Constant case (in fact cste + age) */
                     if(j1==1){ /* All dummy covariates to zero */
                       freq[i][k][iagemax+4]=freq[i][k][iagemax+3]; /* Stores case 0 0 0 */
                       freq[i][i][iagemax+4]=freq[i][i][iagemax+3]; /* Stores case 0 0 0 */
                       printf("%d%d ",i,k);
                       fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
                       printf("%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %f, OR=%f sd=%f \n",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]),freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3], sqrt(1/freq[i][k][iagemax+3]+1/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                       fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %12.7f \n",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                       pstart[s1]= log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]);
                     }
                   }else if((j1==1) && (jj==2 || nagesqr==1)){ /* age or age*age parameter without covariate V4*age (to be done later) */
                     for(iage=iagemin; iage <= iagemax+3; iage++){
                       x[iage]= (double)iage;
                       y[iage]= log(freq[i][k][iage]/freq[i][i][iage]);
                       /* printf("i=%d, k=%d, s1=%d, j1=%d, jj=%d, y[%d]=%f\n",i,k,s1,j1,jj, iage, y[iage]); */
                     }
                     /* Some are not finite, but linreg will ignore these ages */
                     no=0;
                     linreg(iagemin,iagemax,&no,x,y,&a,&b,&r, &sa, &sb ); /* y= a+b*x with standard errors */
                     pstart[s1]=b;
                     pstart[s1-1]=a;
                   }else if( j1!=1 && (j1==2 || (log(j1-1.)/log(2.)-(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))) <0.010) && ( TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]+2+nagesqr == jj)  && Dummy[jj-2-nagesqr]==0){ /* We want only if the position, jj, in model corresponds to unique covariate equal to 1 in j1 combination */ 
                     printf("j1=%d, jj=%d, (int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1=%d, TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]=%d\n",j1, jj,(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1,TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]);
                     printf("j1=%d, jj=%d, (log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1=%f, TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]=%d\n",j1, jj,(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1,TvarsDind[(int)(log(j1-1.)/log(2.))+1]);
                     pstart[s1]= log((freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3])/(freq[i][k][iagemax+4]/freq[i][i][iagemax+4]));
                     printf("%d%d ",i,k);
                     fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
                     printf("s1=%d,i=%d,k=%d,p[%d]=%12.7f ln((%.0f/%.0f)/(%.0f/%.0f))= %f, OR=%f sd=%f \n",s1,i,k,s1,p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3],freq[i][k][iagemax+4],freq[i][i][iagemax+4], log((freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3])/(freq[i][k][iagemax+4]/freq[i][i][iagemax+4])),(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3])/(freq[i][k][iagemax+4]/freq[i][i][iagemax+4]), sqrt(1/freq[i][k][iagemax+3]+1/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]+1/freq[i][k][iagemax+4]+1/freq[i][i][iagemax+4]));
                   }else{ /* Other cases, like quantitative fixed or varying covariates */
                     ;
                   }
                   /* printf("%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                   /* fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                   s1++; 
                 } /* end jj */
               } /* end k!= i */
             } /* end k */
           } /* end i, s1 */
         } /* end j !=0 */
       } /* end selected combination of covariate j1 */
       if(j==0){ /* We can estimate starting values from the occurences in each case */
         printf("#Freqsummary: Starting values for the constants:\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         for(i=1,s1=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
             if (k != i) {
               printf("%d%d ",i,k);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
               for(jj=1; jj <=ncovmodel; jj++){
                 pstart[s1]=p[s1]; /* Setting pstart to p values by default */
                 if(jj==1){ /* Age has to be done */
                   pstart[s1]= log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]);
                   printf("%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %12.7f ",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                   fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ln(%.0f/%.0f)= %12.7f ",p[s1],freq[i][k][iagemax+3],freq[i][i][iagemax+3], log(freq[i][k][iagemax+3]/freq[i][i][iagemax+3]));
                 }
                 /* printf("%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                 /* fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f )", param[i][jj][k]); */
                 s1++; 
               }
               printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             }
           }
         } /* end of state i */
         printf("#Freqsummary\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         for(s1=-1; s1 <=nlstate+ndeath; s1++){
           for(s2=-1; s2 <=nlstate+ndeath; s2++){
             /* param[i]|j][k]= freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3] */
             printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]);
             /* if(freq[s1][s2][iage] !=0 ) { /\* minimizing output *\/ */
             /*   printf(" %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]); */
             /*   fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",s1,s2,freq[s1][s2][iagemax+3]); */
             /* } */
           }
         } /* end loop s1 */
         
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       } /* end j=0 */
     } /* end j */
   
     if(mle == -2){  /* We want to use these values as starting values */
       for(i=1, jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j!=i){
             /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               /*    printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
               /*    fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
               p[jk]=pstart[jk];
               printf(" %f ",pstart[jk]);
               fprintf(ficparo," %f ",pstart[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
     } /* end mle=-2 */
     dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
     
     fclose(ficresp);
     fclose(ficresphtm);
     fclose(ficresphtmfr);
     free_vector(idq,1,nqfveff);
     free_vector(meanq,1,nqfveff);
     free_vector(stdq,1,nqfveff);
     free_matrix(meanqt,1,lastpass,1,nqtveff);
     free_vector(x, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(y, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(pospropt,1,nlstate);
     free_vector(posprop,1,nlstate);
     free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
     /* End of freqsummary */
   }
   
   /* Simple linear regression */
   int linreg(int ifi, int ila, int *no, const double x[], const double y[], double* a, double* b, double* r, double* sa, double * sb) {
   
     /* y=a+bx regression */
     double   sumx = 0.0;                        /* sum of x                      */
     double   sumx2 = 0.0;                       /* sum of x**2                   */
     double   sumxy = 0.0;                       /* sum of x * y                  */
     double   sumy = 0.0;                        /* sum of y                      */
     double   sumy2 = 0.0;                       /* sum of y**2                   */
     double   sume2 = 0.0;                       /* sum of square or residuals */
     double yhat;
     
     double denom=0;
     int i;
     int ne=*no;
     
     for ( i=ifi, ne=0;i<=ila;i++) {
       if(!isfinite(x[i]) || !isfinite(y[i])){
         /* printf(" x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f\n",i,x[i],i,y[i]); */
         continue;
       }
       ne=ne+1;
       sumx  += x[i];       
       sumx2 += x[i]*x[i];  
       sumxy += x[i] * y[i];
       sumy  += y[i];      
       sumy2 += y[i]*y[i]; 
       denom = (ne * sumx2 - sumx*sumx);
       /* printf("ne=%d, i=%d,x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f sumx=%f, sumx2=%f, sumxy=%f, sumy=%f, sumy2=%f, denom=%f\n",ne,i,i,x[i],i,y[i], sumx, sumx2,sumxy, sumy, sumy2,denom); */
     } 
     
     denom = (ne * sumx2 - sumx*sumx);
     if (denom == 0) {
       // vertical, slope m is infinity
       *b = INFINITY;
       *a = 0;
       if (r) *r = 0;
       return 1;
     }
     
     *b = (ne * sumxy  -  sumx * sumy) / denom;
     *a = (sumy * sumx2  -  sumx * sumxy) / denom;
     if (r!=NULL) {
       *r = (sumxy - sumx * sumy / ne) /          /* compute correlation coeff     */
         sqrt((sumx2 - sumx*sumx/ne) *
              (sumy2 - sumy*sumy/ne));
     }
     *no=ne;
     for ( i=ifi, ne=0;i<=ila;i++) {
       if(!isfinite(x[i]) || !isfinite(y[i])){
         /* printf(" x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f\n",i,x[i],i,y[i]); */
         continue;
       }
       ne=ne+1;
       yhat = y[i] - *a -*b* x[i];
       sume2  += yhat * yhat ;       
       
       denom = (ne * sumx2 - sumx*sumx);
       /* printf("ne=%d, i=%d,x[%d]=%f, y[%d]=%f sumx=%f, sumx2=%f, sumxy=%f, sumy=%f, sumy2=%f, denom=%f\n",ne,i,i,x[i],i,y[i], sumx, sumx2,sumxy, sumy, sumy2,denom); */
     } 
     *sb = sqrt(sume2/(double)(ne-2)/(sumx2 - sumx * sumx /(double)ne));
     *sa= *sb * sqrt(sumx2/ne);
     
     return 0; 
   }
   
   /************ Prevalence ********************/
   void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
   {  
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
    
     int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j, iv;
     int mi; /* Effective wave */
     int iage;
     double agebegin, ageend;
   
     double **prop;
     double posprop; 
     double  y2; /* in fractional years */
     int iagemin, iagemax;
     int first; /** to stop verbosity which is redirected to log file */
   
     iagemin= (int) agemin;
     iagemax= (int) agemax;
     /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
     prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE); 
     /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
     j1=0;
     
     /*j=cptcoveff;*/
     if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     
     first=0;
     for(j1=1; j1<= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);j1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
         for(iage=iagemin-AGEMARGE; iage <= iagemax+4+AGEMARGE; iage++)
           prop[i][iage]=0.0;
       printf("Prevalence combination of varying and fixed dummies %d\n",j1);
       /* fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j1],nbcode[Tvaraff[j1]][codtabm(k,j1)]); */
       fprintf(ficlog,"Prevalence combination of varying and fixed dummies %d\n",j1);
       
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
         bool=1;
         /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/\* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*\/ */
         for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){ /* For this wave too look where individual can be counted V4=0 V3=0 */
           m=mw[mi][i];
           /* Tmodelind[z1]=k is the position of the varying covariate in the model, but which # within 1 to ntv? */
           /* Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]] is the n of Vn; n-ncovcol-nqv is the first time varying covariate or iv */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
             if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]==1){
               iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]]-ncovcol-nqv;
               if (cotvar[m][iv][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) /* iv=1 to ntv, right modality */
                 bool=0;
             }else if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]== 0)  /* fixed */
               if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) {
                 bool=0;
               }
           }
           if(bool==1){ /* Otherwise we skip that wave/person */
             agebegin=agev[m][i]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
             /* ageend=agev[m][i]+(dh[m][i])*stepm/YEARM; /\* Age at end of wave and transition *\/ */
             if(m >=firstpass && m <=lastpass){
               y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
               if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
                 if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
                 if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
                 if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin-AGEMARGE || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+4+AGEMARGE){
                   printf("Error on individual # %d agev[m][i]=%f <%d-%d or > %d+3+%d  m=%d; either change agemin or agemax or fix data\n",i, agev[m][i],iagemin,AGEMARGE, iagemax,AGEMARGE,m); 
                   exit(1);
                 }
                 if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
                   /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
                   prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];/* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
                 } /* end valid statuses */ 
               } /* end selection of dates */
             } /* end selection of waves */
           } /* end bool */
         } /* end wave */
       } /* end individual */
       for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
         for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
           posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
         } 
         
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){       
           if( i <=  iagemax){ 
             if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
               probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
             } else{
               if(!first){
                 first=1;
                 printf("Warning Observed prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases\nSee others in log file...\n",jk,i,jk, j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
               }else{
                 fprintf(ficlog,"Warning Observed prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases.\n",jk,i,jk, j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
               }
             }
           } 
         }/* end jk */ 
       }/* end i */ 
        /*} *//* end i1 */
     } /* end j1 */
     
     /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
     /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
     free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+4+AGEMARGE);
   }  /* End of prevalence */
   
   /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   
   void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
   {
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
        Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
        dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
        and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     */
   
     int i=0, mi=0, m=0, mli=0;
     /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
        double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
     int first=0, firstwo=0, firsthree=0, firstfour=0, firstfiv=0;
     int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
     double sum=0.;
     first=0;
     firstwo=0;
     firsthree=0;
     firstfour=0;
     jmin=100000;
     jmax=-1;
     jmean=0.;
   
   /* Treating live states */
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  /* For simple cases and if state is death */
       mi=0;  /* First valid wave */
       mli=0; /* Last valid wave */
       m=firstpass;
       while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){  /* a live state */
         if(m >firstpass && s[m][i]==s[m-1][i] && mint[m][i]==mint[m-1][i] && anint[m][i]==anint[m-1][i]){/* Two succesive identical information on wave m */
           mli=m-1;/* mw[++mi][i]=m-1; */
         }else if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){ /* Since 0.98r4 if status=-2 vital status is really unknown, wave should be skipped */
           mw[++mi][i]=m;
           mli=m;
         } /* else might be a useless wave  -1 and mi is not incremented and mw[mi] not updated */
         if(m < lastpass){ /* m < lastpass, standard case */
           m++; /* mi gives the "effective" current wave, m the current wave, go to next wave by incrementing m */
         }
         else{ /* m >= lastpass, eventual special issue with warning */
   #ifdef UNKNOWNSTATUSNOTCONTRIBUTING
           break;
   #else
           if(s[m][i]==-1 && (int) andc[i] == 9999 && (int)anint[m][i] != 9999){
             if(firsthree == 0){
               printf("Information! Unknown status for individual %ld line=%d occurred at last wave %d at known date %d/%d. Please, check if your unknown date of death %d/%d means a live state %d at wave %d. This case(%d)/wave(%d) contributes to the likelihood as 1-p%d%d .\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], s[m][i], m, i, m, s[m][i], nlstate+ndeath);
               firsthree=1;
             }
             fprintf(ficlog,"Information! Unknown status for individual %ld line=%d occurred at last wave %d at known date %d/%d. Please, check if your unknown date of death %d/%d means a live state %d at wave %d. This case(%d)/wave(%d) contributes to the likelihood as 1-p%d%d .\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], s[m][i], m, i, m, s[m][i], nlstate+ndeath);
             mw[++mi][i]=m;
             mli=m;
           }
           if(s[m][i]==-2){ /* Vital status is really unknown */
             nbwarn++;
             if((int)anint[m][i] == 9999){  /*  Has the vital status really been verified? */
               printf("Warning! Vital status for individual %ld (line=%d) at last wave %d interviewed at date %d/%d is unknown %d. Please, check if the vital status and the date of death %d/%d are really unknown. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], i, m);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Vital status for individual %ld (line=%d) at last wave %d interviewed at date %d/%d is unknown %d. Please, check if the vital status and the date of death %d/%d are really unknown. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], i, m);
             }
             break;
           }
           break;
   #endif
         }/* End m >= lastpass */
       }/* end while */
   
       /* mi is the last effective wave, m is lastpass, mw[j][i] gives the # of j-th effective wave for individual i */
       /* After last pass */
   /* Treating death states */
       if (s[m][i] > nlstate){  /* In a death state */
         /* if( mint[m][i]==mdc[m][i] && anint[m][i]==andc[m][i]){ /\* same date of death and date of interview *\/ */
         /* } */
         mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
         /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
         /* Only death is a correct wave */
         mw[mi][i]=m;
       } /* else not in a death state */
   #ifndef DISPATCHINGKNOWNDEATHAFTERLASTWAVE
       else if ((int) andc[i] != 9999) {  /* Date of death is known */
         if ((int)anint[m][i]!= 9999) { /* date of last interview is known */
           if((andc[i]+moisdc[i]/12.) <=(anint[m][i]+mint[m][i]/12.)){ /* death occured before last wave and status should have been death instead of -1 */
             nbwarn++;
             if(firstfiv==0){
               printf("Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d before last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d and should have been coded as death instead of '%d'. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is contributing to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], i,m );
               firstfiv=1;
             }else{
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d before last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d and should have been coded as death instead of '%d'. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is contributing to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], i,m );
             }
           }else{ /* Death occured afer last wave potential bias */
             nberr++;
             if(firstwo==0){
               printf("Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d after last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood. Please add a new fictive wave at the date of last vital status scan, with a dead status or alive but unknown state status (-1). See documentation\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
               firstwo=1;
             }
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d after last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood. Please add a new fictive wave at the date of last vital status scan, with a dead status or alive but unknown state status (-1). See documentation\n\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
           }
         }else{ /* if date of interview is unknown */
           /* death is known but not confirmed by death status at any wave */
           if(firstfour==0){
             printf("Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred %d/%d but not confirmed by any death status for any wave, including last wave %d at unknown date %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
             firstfour=1;
           }
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred %d/%d but not confirmed by any death status for any wave, including last wave %d at unknown date %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
         }
       } /* end if date of death is known */
   #endif
       wav[i]=mi; /* mi should be the last effective wave (or mli) */
       /* wav[i]=mw[mi][i]; */
       if(mi==0){
         nbwarn++;
         if(first==0){
           printf("Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
           first=1;
         }
         if(first==1){
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
         }
       } /* end mi==0 */
     } /* End individuals */
     /* wav and mw are no more changed */
           
     
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
         if (stepm <=0)
           dh[mi][i]=1;
         else{
           if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death, but what if date is unknown? */
             if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
               j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
               if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
               else if(j<0){
                 nberr++;
                 printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                 j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
                 printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
               }
               k=k+1;
               if (j >= jmax){
                 jmax=j;
                 ijmax=i;
               }
               if (j <= jmin){
                 jmin=j;
                 ijmin=i;
               }
               sum=sum+j;
               /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
               /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
             }
           }
           else{
             j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
   /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
                                           
             k=k+1;
             if (j >= jmax) {
               jmax=j;
               ijmax=i;
             }
             else if (j <= jmin){
               jmin=j;
               ijmin=i;
             }
             /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
             /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
             if(j<0){
               nberr++;
               printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
             }
             sum=sum+j;
           }
           jk= j/stepm;
           jl= j -jk*stepm;
           ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
           if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
             if(jl==0){
               dh[mi][i]=jk;
               bh[mi][i]=0;
             }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
                     * to avoid the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
               dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
               bh[mi][i]=ju;
             }
           }else{
             if(jl <= -ju){
               dh[mi][i]=jk;
               bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
                                    * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
                                    */
             }
             else{
               dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
               bh[mi][i]=ju;
             }
             if(dh[mi][i]==0){
               dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
               bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
               /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
             }
           } /* end if mle */
         }
       } /* end wave */
     }
     jmean=sum/k;
     printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, num[ijmin], jmax, num[ijmax], jmean);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %d) Max=%d (%d) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, ijmin, jmax, ijmax, jmean);
   }
   
   /*********** Tricode ****************************/
    void tricode(int *cptcov, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx, int *Ndum)
    {
      /**< Uses cptcovn+2*cptcovprod as the number of covariates */
      /*     Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  find 'n' in Vn and stores in Tvar. If model=V2+V1 Tvar[1]=2 and Tvar[2]=1 
       * Boring subroutine which should only output nbcode[Tvar[j]][k]
       * Tvar[5] in V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is 4 (V4) even it is a time varying or quantitative variable
       * nbcode[Tvar[5]][1]= nbcode[4][1]=0, nbcode[4][2]=1 (usually);
       */
   
      int ij=1, k=0, j=0, i=0, maxncov=NCOVMAX;
      int modmaxcovj=0; /* Modality max of covariates j */
      int cptcode=0; /* Modality max of covariates j */
      int modmincovj=0; /* Modality min of covariates j */
   
   
      /* cptcoveff=0;  */
      /* *cptcov=0; */
    
      for (k=1; k <= maxncov; k++) ncodemax[k]=0; /* Horrible constant again replaced by NCOVMAX */
      for (k=1; k <= maxncov; k++)
        for(j=1; j<=2; j++)
          nbcode[k][j]=0; /* Valgrind */
   
      /* Loop on covariates without age and products and no quantitative variable */
      for (k=1; k<=cptcovt; k++) { /* From model V1 + V2*age + V3 + V3*V4 keeps V1 + V3 = 2 only */
        for (j=-1; (j < maxncov); j++) Ndum[j]=0;
        if(Dummy[k]==0 && Typevar[k] !=1){ /* Dummy covariate and not age product */ 
          switch(Fixed[k]) {
          case 0: /* Testing on fixed dummy covariate, simple or product of fixed */
            for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Loop on individuals: reads the data file to get the maximum value of the  modality of this covariate Vj*/
              ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[k]][i]);
              /* ij=0 or 1 or -1. Value of the covariate Tvar[j] for individual i
               * If product of Vn*Vm, still boolean *:
               * If it was coded 1, 2, 3, 4 should be splitted into 3 boolean variables
               * 1 => 0 0 0, 2 => 0 0 1, 3 => 0 1 1, 4=1 0 0   */
              /* Finds for covariate j, n=Tvar[j] of Vn . ij is the
                 modality of the nth covariate of individual i. */
              if (ij > modmaxcovj)
                modmaxcovj=ij; 
              else if (ij < modmincovj) 
                modmincovj=ij; 
              if (ij <0 || ij >1 ){
                printf("Information, IMaCh doesn't treat covariate with missing values (-1), individual %d will be skipped.\n",i);
                fprintf(ficlog,"Information, currently IMaCh doesn't treat covariate with missing values (-1), individual %d will be skipped.\n",i);
              }
              if ((ij < -1) || (ij > NCOVMAX)){
                printf( "Error: minimal is less than -1 or maximal is bigger than %d. Exiting. \n", NCOVMAX );
                exit(1);
              }else
                Ndum[ij]++; /*counts and stores the occurence of this modality 0, 1, -1*/
              /*  If coded 1, 2, 3 , counts the number of 1 Ndum[1], number of 2, Ndum[2], etc */
              /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
              /* getting the maximum value of the modality of the covariate
                 (should be 0 or 1 now) Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is coded 0 and
                 female ies 1, then modmaxcovj=1.
              */
            } /* end for loop on individuals i */
            printf(" Minimal and maximal values of %d th (fixed) covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", k, Tvar[k], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
            fprintf(ficlog," Minimal and maximal values of %d th (fixed) covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", k, Tvar[k], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
            cptcode=modmaxcovj;
            /* Ndum[0] = frequency of 0 for model-covariate j, Ndum[1] frequency of 1 etc. */
            /*for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {*/
            for (j=modmincovj;  j<=modmaxcovj; j++) { /* j=-1 ? 0 and 1*//* For each value j of the modality of model-cov k */
              printf("Frequencies of (fixed) covariate %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", k, Tvar[k], j, Ndum[j]);
              fprintf(ficlog, "Frequencies of (fixed) covariate %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", k, Tvar[k], j, Ndum[j]);
              if( Ndum[j] != 0 ){ /* Counts if nobody answered modality j ie empty modality, we skip it and reorder */
                if( j != -1){
                  ncodemax[k]++;  /* ncodemax[k]= Number of modalities of the k th
                                     covariate for which somebody answered excluding 
                                     undefined. Usually 2: 0 and 1. */
                }
                ncodemaxwundef[k]++; /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the k th
                                        covariate for which somebody answered including 
                                        undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
              }    /* In fact  ncodemax[k]=2 (dichotom. variables only) but it could be more for
                    * historical reasons: 3 if coded 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Ndum[2]=0 */
            } /* Ndum[-1] number of undefined modalities */
                           
            /* j is a covariate, n=Tvar[j] of Vn; Fills nbcode */
            /* For covariate j, modalities could be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. */
            /* If Ndum[1]=0, Ndum[2]=0, Ndum[3]= 635, Ndum[4]=0, Ndum[5]=0, Ndum[6]=27, Ndum[7]=125; */
            /* modmincovj=3; modmaxcovj = 7; */
            /* There are only 3 modalities non empty 3, 6, 7 (or 2 if 27 is too few) : ncodemax[j]=3; */
            /* which will be coded 0, 1, 2 which in binary on 2=3-1 digits are 0=00 1=01, 2=10; */
            /*              defining two dummy variables: variables V1_1 and V1_2.*/
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; */
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][1]=0; */
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][2]=1; */
            /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][3]=2; */
            /* To be continued (not working yet). */
            ij=0; /* ij is similar to i but can jump over null modalities */
   
            /* for (i=modmincovj; i<=modmaxcovj; i++) { */ /* i= 1 to 2 for dichotomous, or from 1 to 3 or from -1 or 0 to 1 currently*/
            /* Skipping the case of missing values by reducing nbcode to 0 and 1 and not -1, 0, 1 */
            /* model=V1+V2+V3, if V2=-1, 0 or 1, then nbcode[2][1]=0 and nbcode[2][2]=1 instead of
             * nbcode[2][1]=-1, nbcode[2][2]=0 and nbcode[2][3]=1 */
            /*, could be restored in the future */
            for (i=0; i<=1; i++) { /* i= 1 to 2 for dichotomous, or from 1 to 3 or from -1 or 0 to 1 currently*/
              if (Ndum[i] == 0) { /* If nobody responded to this modality k */
                break;
              }
              ij++;
              nbcode[Tvar[k]][ij]=i;  /* stores the original value of modality i in an array nbcode, ij modality from 1 to last non-nul modality. nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1 . Could be -1*/
              cptcode = ij; /* New max modality for covar j */
            } /* end of loop on modality i=-1 to 1 or more */
            break;
          case 1: /* Testing on varying covariate, could be simple and
                   * should look at waves or product of fixed *
                   * varying. No time to test -1, assuming 0 and 1 only */
            ij=0;
            for(i=0; i<=1;i++){
              nbcode[Tvar[k]][++ij]=i;
            }
            break;
          default:
            break;
          } /* end switch */
        } /* end dummy test */
      } /* end of loop on model-covariate k. nbcode[Tvark][1]=-1, nbcode[Tvark][1]=0 and nbcode[Tvark][2]=1 sets the value of covariate k*/  
     
      for (k=-1; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0; 
      /* Look at fixed dummy (single or product) covariates to check empty modalities */
      for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2-nagesqr; i++) { /* -2, cste and age and eventually age*age */ 
        /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/ 
        ij=Tvar[i]; /* Tvar 5,4,3,6,5,7,1,4 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V4*age */ 
        Ndum[ij]++; /* Count the # of 1, 2 etc: {1,1,1,2,2,1,1} because V1 once, V2 once, two V4 and V5 in above */
        /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1,  {2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0} */
      } /* V4+V3+V5, Ndum[1]@5={0, 0, 1, 1, 1} */
     
      ij=0;
      /* for (i=0; i<=  maxncov-1; i++) { /\* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) *\/ */
      for (k=1; k<=  cptcovt; k++) { /* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) */
        /*printf("Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
        /* if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){  /\* Tvar[i] <= ncovmodel ? *\/ */
        if(Ndum[Tvar[k]]!=0 && Dummy[k] == 0 && Typevar[k]==0){  /* Only Dummy and non empty in the model */
          /* If product not in single variable we don't print results */
          /*printf("diff Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
          ++ij;/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, */
          Tvaraff[ij]=Tvar[k]; /* For printing combination *//* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, Tvar {5, 4, 3, 6, 5, 2, 7, 1, 1} Tvaraff={4, 3, 1} V4, V3, V1*/
          Tmodelind[ij]=k; /* Tmodelind: index in model of dummies Tmodelind[1]=2 V4: pos=2; V3: pos=3, V1=9 {2, 3, 9, ?, ?,} */
          TmodelInvind[ij]=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv; /* Inverse TmodelInvind[2=V4]=2 second dummy varying cov (V4)4-1-1 {0, 2, 1, } TmodelInvind[3]=1 */
          if(Fixed[k]!=0)
            anyvaryingduminmodel=1;
          /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv)){ */
          /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=-10; /\* Dont'n know how to treat quantitative variables yet *\/ */
          /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv+ntv)){ */
          /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=i; /\*For printing (unclear) *\/ */
          /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv)){ */
          /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=-20; /\* Dont'n know how to treat quantitative variables yet *\/ */
        } 
      } /* Tvaraff[1]@5 {3, 4, -20, 0, 0} Very strange */
      /* ij--; */
      /* cptcoveff=ij; /\*Number of total covariates*\/ */
      *cptcov=ij; /*Number of total real effective covariates: effective
                   * because they can be excluded from the model and real
                   * if in the model but excluded because missing values, but how to get k from ij?*/
      for(j=ij+1; j<= cptcovt; j++){
        Tvaraff[j]=0;
        Tmodelind[j]=0;
      }
      for(j=ntveff+1; j<= cptcovt; j++){
        TmodelInvind[j]=0;
      }
      /* To be sorted */
      ;
    }
   
   
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   
    void evsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,char strstart[], int nres )
   
   {
     /* Health expectancies, no variances */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
     double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3mat;
     double eip;
   
     /* pstamp(ficreseij); */
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age and (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age\n");
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d%1d ",i,j);
       }
       fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason which relies in memory size consideration
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
   /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
       /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
   
       /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepma,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij, nres);  
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
       
       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Computing expectancies */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
             
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   
           }
   
       fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip +=eij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eij[i][j][(int)age] );
         }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eip );
       }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
       
     }
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     
   }
   
    void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov,char strstart[], int nres )
   
   {
     /* Covariances of health expectancies eij and of total life expectancies according
        to initial status i, ei. .
     */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2, ij, ji;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
     double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3matp, ***p3matm, ***varhe;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp, *xm;
     double **gp, **gm;
     double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
     int theta;
   
     double eip, vip;
   
     varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     xm=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     
     pstamp(ficresstdeij);
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Health expectancies with standard errors\n");
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d%1d (SE)",i,j);
       fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
   
     pstamp(ficrescveij);
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Subdiagonal matrix of covariances of health expectancies by age: cov(eij,ekl)\n");
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
         for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
           for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
             cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
             if(cptj2 <= cptj)
               fprintf(ficrescveij,"  %1d%1d,%1d%1d",i,j,i2,j2);
           }
       }
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* If stepm=6 months */
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     agelim=AGESUP;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); 
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     
     p3matp=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     p3matm=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
       /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
                   
       /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
                   
       /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
       /* Gradient is computed with plus gp and minus gm. Code is duplicated in order to
          decrease memory allocation */
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
           xm[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         hpxij(p3matp,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij, nres);  
         hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xm,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij, nres);  
                           
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
             for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
               gp[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matp[i][j][h]+p3matp[i][j][h+1])/2.;
               gm[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             }
           }
         }
                           
         for(ij=1; ij<= nlstate*nlstate; ij++)
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             gradg[h][theta][ij]= (gp[h][ij]-gm[h][ij])/2./delti[theta];
           }
       }/* End theta */
       
       
       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
             trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
       
                   
       for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
         for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
           varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] =0.;
                   
       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
         for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
           for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
             for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
               varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] += doldm[ij][ji]*hf*hf;
         }
       }
                   
       /* Computing expectancies */
       hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij,nres);  
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
                                           
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
                                           
           }
   
       /* Standard deviation of expectancies ij */         
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0.;
         vip=0.;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip += eij[i][j][(int)age];
           for(k=1; k<=nlstate;k++) /* Sum on j and k of cov(eij,eik) */
             vip += varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(k-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(j-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age]) );
         }
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eip, sqrt(vip));
       }
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
                   
       /* Variance of expectancies ij */           
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
           for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
             for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
               cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
               if(cptj2 <= cptj)
                 fprintf(ficrescveij," %.4f", varhe[cptj][cptj2][(int)age]);
             }
         }
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
                   
     }
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_ma3x(p3matm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     free_ma3x(p3matp,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           
     free_vector(xm,1,npar);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
   }
    
   /************ Variance ******************/
    void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[], int nres)
    {
      /** Variance of health expectancies 
       *  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);
       * double **newm;
       * int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav) 
       */
     
      /* int movingaverage(); */
      double **dnewm,**doldm;
      double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
      int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
      int first=0;
      int k;
      double *xp;
      double **gp, **gm;  /**< for var eij */
      double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /**< for var eij */
      double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /**< for var p point j */
      double *gpp, *gmp; /**< for var p point j */
      double **varppt; /**< for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
      double ***p3mat;
      double age,agelim, hf;
      /* double ***mobaverage; */
      int theta;
      char digit[4];
      char digitp[25];
   
      char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
      if(popbased==1){
        if(mobilav!=0)
          strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-MOBILAV_");
        else strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-NOMOBIL_");
      }
      else 
        strcpy(digitp,"-STABLBASED_");
   
      /* if (mobilav!=0) { */
      /*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
      /*   if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ */
      /*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); */
      /*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); */
      /*   } */
      /* } */
   
      strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"PRMORPREV-"); 
      sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
      /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
      }
      printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      pstamp(ficresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Selected quantitative variables and dummies");
      for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
      }
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(ij,j)]);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
      }  
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title \n");
      /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   
      varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      pstamp(ficresvij);
      fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
      if(popbased==1)
        fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
      else
        fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
      fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
          fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e.%1d, e.%1d)",i,j);
      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   
      xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
      doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
      doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
      gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     
      if(estepm < stepm){
        printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
      }
      else  hstepm=estepm;   
      /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
      /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
         nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
         nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelim. 
         Look at function hpijx to understand why because of memory size limitations, 
         we decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
         survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
         means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
         you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
         results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
      */
      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
      agelim = AGESUP;
      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
        nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
        nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
        gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
                   
                   
        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
            xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          }
          /**< Computes the prevalence limit with parameter theta shifted of delta up to ftolpl precision and 
           * returns into prlim .
           */
          prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij, nres);
   
          /* If popbased = 1 we use crossection prevalences. Previous step is useless but prlim is created */
          if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
          }
          /**< Computes the shifted transition matrix \f$ {}{h}_p^{ij}_x\f$ at horizon h.
           */                      
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij,nres);  /* Returns p3mat[i][j][h] for h=0 to nhstepm */
          /**< And for each alive state j, sums over i \f$ w^i_x {}{h}_p^{ij}x\f$, which are the probability
           * at horizon h in state j including mortality.
           */
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
            }
          }
          /* Next for computing shifted+ probability of death (h=1 means
             computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
             as a weighted average of prlim(i) * p(i,j) p.3=w1*p13 + w2*p23 .
          */
          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
              gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
          }
          
          /* Again with minus shift */
                           
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
            xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   
          prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp, ij, nres);
                           
          if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
          }
                           
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij,nres);  
                           
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  /* Sum of wi * eij = e.j */
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
            }
          }
          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
             computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
             as a weighted average of prlim.
          */
          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
              gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
          }    
          /* end shifting computations */
   
          /**< Computing gradient matrix at horizon h 
           */
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
            }
          /**< Gradient of overall mortality p.3 (or p.j) 
           */
          for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu mortality from j */
            gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
          }
                           
        } /* End theta */
        
        /* We got the gradient matrix for each theta and state j */                
        trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
                   
        for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
                   
        for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
            trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
        /**< as well as its transposed matrix 
         */                
                   
        hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
            vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   
        /* Computing trgradg by matcov by gradg at age and summing over h
         * and k (nhstepm) formula 15 of article
         * Lievre-Brouard-Heathcote
         */
        
        for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
          for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
            matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
            matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
            for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
              for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
                vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
          }
        }
                   
        /* pptj is p.3 or p.j = trgradgp by cov by gradgp, variance of
         * p.j overall mortality formula 49 but computed directly because
         * we compute the grad (wix pijx) instead of grad (pijx),even if
         * wix is independent of theta.
         */
        matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
        matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
          for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
            varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
        /* end ppptj */
        /*  x centered again */
                   
        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij, nres);
                   
        if (popbased==1) {
          if(mobilav ==0){
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
          }
        }
                   
        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
           computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
           as a weighted average of prlim.
        */
        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij, nres);  
        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
        }    
        /* end probability of death */
                   
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
        for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
          }
        } 
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
                   
        fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
            fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
          }
        fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
        free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
        free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
      } /* End age */
      free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
      /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter png small size 320, 240"); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter svg size 640, 480");
      /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l lt 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95%% interval\" w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
      /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
       */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.svg\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";replot;set out;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
   
      free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
      free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
      free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      /* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
      fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
      fflush(ficgp);
      fflush(fichtm); 
    }  /* end varevsij */
   
   /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
    void varprevlim(char fileresvpl[], FILE *ficresvpl, double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, char strstart[], int nres)
   {
     /* Variance of prevalence limit  for each state ij using current parameters x[] and estimates of neighbourhood give by delti*/
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   
     double **dnewmpar,**doldm;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double **mgm, **mgp;
     double age,agelim;
     int theta;
     
     pstamp(ficresvpl);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of period (forward stable) prevalences \n");
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age ");
     if(nresult >=1)
       fprintf(ficresvpl," Result# ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewmpar=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     
     hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
       gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgp=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgm=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ) */
         /*        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres); */
         /* else */
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
           mgp[theta][i] = prlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ) */
         /*        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres); */
         /* else */
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
           mgm[theta][i] = prlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
         /* gradg[theta][2]= -gradg[theta][1]; */ /* For testing if nlstate=2 */
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\nmgm mgp %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf(" %d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf(" %d %lf %lf",theta,mgm[theta][j],mgp[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\n gradg %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf("%d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf("%d %lf ",theta,gradg[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
   
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80  ||(int)age== 81){
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }else{
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
       if(nresult >=1)
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"%d ",nres );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
         /* for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++) */
         /*        fprintf(ficresvpl," %d %.5f ",j,prlim[j][i]); */
       }
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
       free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgp,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
   }
   
   
   /************ Variance of backprevalence limit ******************/
    void varbrevlim(char fileresvbl[], FILE  *ficresvbl, double **varbpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **bprlim, double ftolpl, int mobilavproj, int *ncvyearp, int ij, char strstart[], int nres)
   {
     /* Variance of backward prevalence limit  for each state ij using current parameters x[] and estimates of neighbourhood give by delti*/
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   
     double **dnewmpar,**doldm;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double **mgm, **mgp;
     double age,agelim;
     int theta;
     
     pstamp(ficresvbl);
     fprintf(ficresvbl,"# Standard deviation of back (stable) prevalences \n");
     fprintf(ficresvbl,"# Age ");
     if(nresult >=1)
       fprintf(ficresvbl," Result# ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvbl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresvbl,"\n");
   
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewmpar=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     
     hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGEINF;
     for (age=fage; age>=bage; age --){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((age-agelim)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
       gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgp=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgm=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         if(mobilavproj > 0 )
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         else
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gp[i] = bprlim[i][i];
           mgp[theta][i] = bprlim[i][i];
         }
        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          if(mobilavproj > 0 )
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
          else
           bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage,nlstate,xp,age,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gm[i] = bprlim[i][i];
           mgm[theta][i] = bprlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
         /* gradg[theta][2]= -gradg[theta][1]; */ /* For testing if nlstate=2 */
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\nmgm mgp %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf(" %d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf(" %d %lf %lf",theta,mgm[theta][j],mgp[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\n gradg %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf("%d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf("%d %lf ",theta,gradg[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
   
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varbpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80  ||(int)age== 81){
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }else{
       matprod2(dnewmpar,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varbpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   
       fprintf(ficresvbl,"%.0f ",age );
       if(nresult >=1)
         fprintf(ficresvbl,"%d ",nres );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvbl," %.5f (%.5f)",bprlim[i][i],sqrt(varbpl[i][(int)age]));
       fprintf(ficresvbl,"\n");
       free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgp,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewmpar,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
   }
   
   /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
    {
      int i, j=0,  k1, l1, tj;
      int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
      int k=0, l;
      int first=1, first1, first2;
      double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
      double **dnewm,**doldm;
      double *xp;
      double *gp, *gm;
      double **gradg, **trgradg;
      double **mu;
      double age, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
      double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
      int theta;
      char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
      char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
      char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
      double ***varpij;
   
      strcpy(fileresprob,"PROB_"); 
      strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
      if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
      }
      strcpy(fileresprobcov,"PROBCOV_"); 
      strcat(fileresprobcov,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
      }
      strcpy(fileresprobcor,"PROBCOR_"); 
      strcat(fileresprobcor,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
      }
      printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
      printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
      printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
      fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
      pstamp(ficresprob);
      fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
      fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
      pstamp(ficresprobcov);
      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
      pstamp(ficresprobcor);
      fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
      fprintf(ficresprobcor,"# Age");
   
   
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
          fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
        }  
      /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
      */
      xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
      doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
      mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
      varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
      first=1;
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4> this page is important in order to visualize confidence intervals and especially correlation between disability and recovery, or more generally, way in and way back. File %s</li>\n",optionfilehtmcov,optionfilehtmcov);
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n",optionfilehtmcov, optionfilehtmcov);
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated \
   and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
    They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
   It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
   would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
   standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
    Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
    and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
   To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
   
      cov[1]=1;
      /* tj=cptcoveff; */
      tj = (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
      j1=0;
      for(j1=1; j1<=tj;j1++){  /* For each valid combination of covariates or only once*/
        if  (cptcovn>0) {
          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
                           
          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
                           
                           
          fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
                           
          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
          if(invalidvarcomb[j1]){
            fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",j1); 
            fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h3>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h3>\n",j1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
        gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
          cov[2]=age;
          if(nagesqr==1)
            cov[3]= age*age;
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
            cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,k)];
            /*cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,Tvar[k])];*//* j1 1 2 3 4
                                                                       * 1  1 1 1 1
                                                                       * 2  2 1 1 1
                                                                       * 3  1 2 1 1
                                                                       */
            /* nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1;*/
          }
          /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
                           
                           
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
                                   
            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
                                   
            k=0;
            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                k=k+1;
                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
              }
            }
                                   
            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
                                   
            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
            k=0;
            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                k=k+1;
                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
              }
            }
                                   
            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
          }
   
          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
                           
          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
                           
          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
                           
          k=0;
          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
              k=k+1;
              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
            }
          }
          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
                           
          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
            }*/
                           
          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
                           
          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
          }
          i=0;
          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
              i++;
              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
                /* printf(" k=%d l=%d i=%d j=%d\n",k,l,i,j);fflush(stdout); */
                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
              }
            }
          }/* end of loop for state */
        } /* end of loop for age */
        free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
        free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
       
        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
        /*
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
        */
                   
        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
        first1=1;first2=2;
        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
            if(l2==k2) continue;
            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                if(l1==k1) continue;
                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
                if(i<=j) continue;
                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
                  if ((int)age %5==0){
                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                    if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
                      if(first2==1){
                        first1=0;
                        printf("Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS. See log file for details...\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);
                      }
                      fprintf(ficlog,"Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS.\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);fflush(ficlog);
                      /* lc1=fabs(lc1); */ /* If we want to have them positive */
                      /* lc2=fabs(lc2); */
                    }
                                                                   
                    /* Eigen vectors */
                    if(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12 <1.e-5){
                      printf(" Error sqrt of a negative number: %lf\n",1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12);
                      fprintf(ficlog," Error sqrt of a negative number: %lf\n",1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12);
                      v11=(1./sqrt(fabs(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12)));
                    }else
                      v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
                    v12=-v21;
                    v22=v11;
                    tnalp=v21/v11;
                    if(first1==1){
                      first1=0;
                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                    }
                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                    /*printf(fignu*/
                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
                    if(first==1){
                      first=0;
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Ellipsoids of confidence\n#\n");
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480");
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<p><br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
    :<a href=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\">                                                                                                                                           \
   %s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,      \
                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",      \
                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(fabs(lc1)),v12,sqrt(fabs(lc2)), \
                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(fabs(lc1)),v22,sqrt(fabs(lc2))); /* For gnuplot only */
                    }else{
                      first=0;
                      fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not", \
                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(fabs(lc2)),   \
                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(fabs(lc2)));
                    }/* if first */
                  } /* age mod 5 */
                } /* end loop age */
                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\";replot;set out;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                first=1;
              } /*l12 */
            } /* k12 */
          } /*l1 */
        }/* k1 */
      }  /* loop on combination of covariates j1 */
      free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
      free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
      free_matrix(dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
      free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      fclose(ficresprob);
      fclose(ficresprobcov);
      fclose(ficresprobcor);
      fflush(ficgp);
      fflush(fichtmcov);
    }
   
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtml(char fileresu[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
                     int popforecast, int mobilav, int prevfcast, int mobilavproj, int backcast, int estepm , \
                     double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, double dateprev1, double dateproj1, double dateback1, \
                     double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2, double dateprev2, double dateproj2, double dateback2){
     int jj1, k1, i1, cpt, k4, nres;
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><a href='#firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a>\n \
      <li><a href='#secondorder'>Result files (second order (variance)</a>\n \
   </ul>");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li> model=1+age+%s\n \
   </ul>", model);
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4><a name='firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a></h4>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<li>- Observed frequency between two states (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (html file)<br/>\n",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"),subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"<li> - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (html file) ",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"),subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"));
      fprintf(fichtm,",  <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (text file) <br>\n",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated back transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Period (forward) prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PL_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Backward prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age, e<sub>i.</sub> (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age, e<sub>ij</sub> . If one or more covariates are included, specific tables for each value of the covariate are output in sequences within the same file (estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"));
      if(prevfcast==1){
        fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Prevalence projections by age and states:                            \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>", subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"));
      }
   
   
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
      fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
      jj1=0;
   
      fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul>");
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
        if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><a  size=\"1\" color=\"#EC5E5E\" href=\"#rescov");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%d_",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%f_",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"\">");
          
          /* if(nqfveff+nqtveff 0) */ /* Test to be done */
          fprintf(fichtm,"************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
          }
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm," Warning Combination (%d) ignored because no cases ",k1); 
            continue;
          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"</a></li>");
        } /* cptcovn >0 */
      }
        fprintf(fichtm," \n</ul>");
   
      jj1=0;
   
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
        if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
   
        /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<p><a name=\"rescov");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%d_",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            fprintf(fichtm,"_V%d=%f_",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"\"</a>");
    
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
            printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],Tresult[nres][cpt]);fflush(stdout);
            /* fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]); */
            /* printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]);fflush(stdout); */
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);fflush(stdout);
         }
          
          /* if(nqfveff+nqtveff 0) */ /* Test to be done */
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h3>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h3>\n",k1); 
            printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        /* aij, bij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Logit model (yours is: logit(pij)=log(pij/pii)= aij+ bij age+%s) as a function of age: <a href=\"%s_%d-1-%d.svg\">%s_%d-1-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-1-%d.svg\">",model,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres);
        /* Pij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- P<sub>ij</sub> or conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: <a href=\"%s_%d-2-%d.svg\">%s_%d-2-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-2-%d.svg\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres);     
        /* Quasi-incidences */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- I<sub>ij</sub> or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
    before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too, \
    incidence (rates) are the limit when h tends to zero of the ratio of the probability  <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub> \
   divided by h: <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub>/h : <a href=\"%s_%d-3-%d.svg\">%s_%d-3-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-3-%d.svg\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,nres); 
        /* Survival functions (period) in state j */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Survival functions in state %d. And probability to be observed in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        /* State specific survival functions (period) */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Survival functions in state %d and in any other live state (total).\
    And probability to be observed in various states (up to %d) being in state %d at different ages.       \
    <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, nlstate, cpt, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        /* Period (forward stable) prevalence in each health state */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to period (stable) prevalence in state %d. Or probability for a person being in state (1 to %d) at different ages, to be in state %d some years after. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, nlstate, cpt, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        if(backcast==1){
          /* Backward prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to mixed (stable) back prevalence in state %d. Or probability for a person to be in state %d at a younger age, knowing that she/he was in state (1 to %d) at different older ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
          }
        }
        if(prevfcast==1){
          /* Projection of prevalence up to period (forward stable) prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Projection of cross-sectional prevalence (estimated with cases observed from %.1f to %.1f and mobil_average=%d), from year %.1f up to year %.1f tending to period (stable) forward prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in an observed weighted state (from 1 to %d). <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, dateproj1, dateproj2, cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
          }
        }
        if(backcast==1){
         /* Back projection of prevalence up to stable (mixed) back-prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Back projection of cross-sectional prevalence (estimated with cases observed from %.1f to %.1f and mobil_average=%d), \
    from year %.1f up to year %.1f (probably close to stable [mixed] back prevalence in state %d (randomness in cross-sectional prevalence is not taken into \
    account but can visually be appreciated). Or probability to have been in an state %d, knowing that the person was in either state (1 or %d) \
   with weights corresponding to observed prevalence at different ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
    <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">", dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, dateback1, dateback2, cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
          }
        }
            
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Life expectancy by health state (%d) at initial age and its decomposition into health expectancies in each alive state (1 to %d) (or area under each survival functions): <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a> <br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">",cpt,nlstate,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres);
        }
        /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
      }/* End k1 */
      fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
   \n<br><li><h4> <a name='secondorder'>Result files (second order: variances)</a></h4>\n\
    - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br> \
    - 95%% confidence intervals and Wald tests of the estimated parameters are in the log file if optimization has been done (mle != 0).<br> \
   But because parameters are usually highly correlated (a higher incidence of disability \
   and a higher incidence of recovery can give very close observed transition) it might \
   be very useful to look not only at linear confidence intervals estimated from the \
   variances but at the covariance matrix. And instead of looking at the estimated coefficients \
   (parameters) of the logistic regression, it might be more meaningful to visualize the \
   covariance matrix of the one-step probabilities. \
   See page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' below. \n", rfileres,rfileres);
   
      fprintf(fichtm," - Standard deviation of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"));
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age and <b>initial health status</b> (cov(e<sup>ij</sup>,e<sup>kl</sup>)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"CVE_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"CVE_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Health expectancies by health status at initial age (e<sup>ij</sup>) and standard errors (in parentheses) (b) life expectancies and standard errors (e<sup>i.</sup>=e<sup>i1</sup>+e<sup>i2</sup>+...)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"STDE_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"STDE_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age. Status (i) based health expectancies (in state j), e<sup>ij</sup> are weighted by the forward (period) prevalences in each state i (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
              estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Total life expectancy and total health expectancies to be spent in each health state e<sup>.j</sup> with their standard errors (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Standard deviation of forward (period) prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
              subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"));
   
   /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   /*  else  */
   /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
      fflush(fichtm);
      fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
      jj1=0;
   
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
        if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
        /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)  /**< cptcoveff number of variables */
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],Tresult[nres][cpt]);
            /* fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]); */
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
   
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
   
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h4>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h4>\n",k1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Observed (cross-sectional with mov_average=%d) and period (incidence based) \
   prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): <a href=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\"> %s_%d-%d-%d.svg</a>\n <br>\
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\">",mobilav,cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres);  
        }
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
   health expectancies in states (1) and (2). If popbased=1 the smooth (due to the model) \
   true period expectancies (those weighted with period prevalences are also\
    drawn in addition to the population based expectancies computed using\
    observed and cahotic prevalences:  <a href=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d.svg</a>\n<br>\
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres);
        /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
      }/* End k1 */
     }/* End nres */
      fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
      fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplot(char fileresu[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double bage, double fage , int prevfcast, int backcast, char pathc[], double p[], int offyear, int offbyear){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     char gplotcondition[132], gplotlabel[132];
     int cpt=0,k1=0,i=0,k=0,j=0,jk=0,k2=0,k3=0,k4=0,ij=0, ijp=0, l=0;
     int lv=0, vlv=0, kl=0;
     int ng=0;
     int vpopbased;
     int ioffset; /* variable offset for columns */
     int iyearc=1; /* variable column for year of projection  */
     int iagec=1; /* variable column for age of projection  */
     int nres=0; /* Index of resultline */
     int istart=1; /* For starting graphs in projections */
   
   /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
     /*#endif */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   
     /* diagram of the model */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Diagram of the model \n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\ndelta=0.03;delta2=0.07;unset arrow;\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"yoff=(%d > 2? 0:1);\n",nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Peripheral arrows\nset for [i=1:%d] for [j=1:%d] arrow i*10+j from cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d))-(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0), yoff +sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) rto -0.95*(cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d))+(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) - cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(j-1)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta2:0)), -0.95*(sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(i-1)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) - sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(j-1)*2./%d))+( i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta2:0)) ls (i < j? 1:2)\n",nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate);
   
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Centripete arrows (turning in other direction (1-i) instead of (i-1)) \nset for [i=1:%d] arrow (%d+1)*10+i from cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d))-(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0), yoff +sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) rto -0.80*(cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d))+(i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0)  ), -0.80*(sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(1-i)*2./%d)) + (i!=j?(i-j)/abs(i-j)*delta:0) + yoff ) ls 4\n",nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#show arrow\nunset label\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#States labels, starting from 2 (2-i) instead of (1-i), was (i-1)\nset for [i=1:%d] label i sprintf(\"State %%d\",i) center at cos(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(2-i)*2./%d)), yoff+sin(pi*((1-(%d/2)*2./%d)/2+(2-i)*2./%d)) font \"helvetica, 16\" tc rgbcolor \"blue\"\n",nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label %d+1 sprintf(\"State %%d\",%d+1) center at 0.,0.  font \"helvetica, 16\" tc rgbcolor \"red\"\n",nlstate,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#show label\nunset border;unset xtics; unset ytics;\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n\nset ter svg size 640, 480;set out \"%s_.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"unset log y; plot [-1.2:1.2][yoff-1.2:1.2] 1/0 not; set out;reset;\n");
   
     /* Contribution to likelihood */
     /* Plot the probability implied in the likelihood */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Contributions to the Likelihood, mle >=1. For mle=4 no interpolation, pure matrix products.\n#\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Likelihood (-2Log(L))\";");
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480"); */ /* Too big for svg */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter pngcairo size 640, 480");
   /* nice for mle=4 plot by number of matrix products.
      replot  "rrtest1/toto.txt" u 2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with point lc 1 */
   /* replot exp(p1+p2*x)/(1+exp(p1+p2*x)+exp(p3+p4*x)+exp(p5+p6*x)) t "p12(x)"  */
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-dest.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):6 t \"All sample, transitions colored by destination\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-ori.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):5 t \"All sample, transitions colored by origin\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-p%dj.png\";set ylabel \"Probability for each individual/wave\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),i);
       fprintf(ficgp,"unset log;\n# plot weighted, mean weight should have point size of 0.5\n plot  \"%s\"",subdirf(fileresilk));
       fprintf(ficgp,"  u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable \\\n",i,1,i,1);
       for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++) {
         fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n \"\" u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable ",i,j,i,j);
       }
       fprintf(ficgp,";\nset out; unset ylabel;\n"); 
     }
     /* unset log; plot  "rrtest1_sorted_4/ILK_rrtest1_sorted_4.txt" u  2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with points lc variable */                
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$11):3 t \"All sample, all transitions\" with dots lc variable",subdirf(fileresilk)); */
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot  \"%s\" u 2:($3 <= 3 ? -$11 : 1/0):3 t \"First 3 individuals\" with line lc variable", subdirf(fileresilk)); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;unset log\n");
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\"; replot; set out; # bug gnuplot",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     /* 1eme*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++){ /* For each live state */
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){ /* For each valid combination of covariate */
         for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
           /* plot [100000000000000000000:-100000000000000000000] "mysbiaspar/vplrmysbiaspar.txt to check */
           if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
             continue;
           /* We are interested in selected combination by the resultline */
           /* printf("\n# 1st: Period (stable) prevalence with CI: 'VPL_' files and live state =%d ", cpt); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 1st: Forward (stable period) prevalence with CI: 'VPL_' files  and live state =%d ", cpt);
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate k get corresponding value lv for combination k1 */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the value of the covariate corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* vlv is the value of the covariate lv, 0 or 1 */
             /* For each combination of covariate k1 (V1=1, V3=0), we printed the current covariate k and its value vlv */
             /* printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv); */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             /* printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]); */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           /* printf("\n#\n"); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             /*k1=k1-1;*/ /* To be checked */
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"V_%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1,nres);
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"set title \"Alive state %d %s\" font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter svg size 640, 480\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3:1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter svg size 640, 480\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3:1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1,nres); */
         /* k1-1 error should be nres-1*/
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else        fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Forward prevalence\" w l lt 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3+1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           } 
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95%% CI\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3-1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres); 
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           }  
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence\" w l lt 2",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1)); */
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" u 1:((",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"));
           if(cptcoveff ==0){
             fprintf(ficgp,"$%d)) t 'Observed prevalence in state %d' with line lt 3",      2+3*(cpt-1),  cpt );
           }else{
             kl=0;
             for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each combination of covariate  */
               lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
               /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
               /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
               /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
               vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
               kl++;
               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
               if(k==cptcoveff){
                 fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d)? $%d : 1/0) t 'Observed prevalence in state %d' w l lt 2",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv], \
                         2+cptcoveff*2+3*(cpt-1),  cpt );  /* 4 or 6 ?*/
               }else{
                 fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d && ",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                 kl++;
               }
             } /* end covariate */
           } /* end if no covariate */
   
           if(backcast==1){ /* We need to get the corresponding values of the covariates involved in this combination k1 */
             /* fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Backward stable prevalence\" w l lt 3",subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"),k1-1,k1-1,1+cpt); */
             fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u 1:((",subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_")); /* Age is in 1, nres in 2 to be fixed */
             if(cptcoveff ==0){
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d)) t 'Backward prevalence in state %d' with line lt 3",    2+(cpt-1),  cpt );
             }else{
               kl=0;
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each combination of covariate  */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
                 kl++;
                 /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
                 /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
                 /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
                 /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
                 if(k==cptcoveff){
                   fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d)? $%d : 1/0) t 'Backward prevalence in state %d' w l lt 3",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv], \
                           2+cptcoveff*2+(cpt-1),  cpt );  /* 4 or 6 ?*/
                 }else{
                   fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d && ",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                   kl++;
                 }
               } /* end covariate */
             } /* end if no covariate */
             if(backcast == 1){
               fprintf(ficgp,", \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3:1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VBL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
               /* k1-1 error should be nres-1*/
               for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
                 if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
                 else        fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
               }
               fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Backward (stable) prevalence\" w l lt 6 dt 3,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3+1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VBL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres);
               for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
                 if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
                 else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
               } 
               fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95%% CI\" w l lt 4,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d ? $3-1.96*$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VBL_"),nres-1,nres-1,nres); 
               for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
                 if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
                 else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
               } 
               fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 4");
             } /* end if backprojcast */
           } /* end if backcast */
           /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out ;unset label;\n"); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out ;unset title;\n");
         } /* nres */
       } /* k1 */
     } /* cpt */
   
     
     /*2 eme*/
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){  
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 2nd: Total life expectancy with CI: 't' files ");
         strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         /* for(k=1; k <= ncovds; k++){ */
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
           fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
           continue;
         }
                           
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres);
         for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"popbased %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",vpopbased,gplotlabel);
           if(vpopbased==0){
             fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter svg size 640, 480\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
           }else
             fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot ");
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
             k=2*i;
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ?$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),nres-1,nres-1, vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l lt %d, \\\n",i);
             else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l lt %d, \\\n",i-1,i+1);
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ? $4-$5*2 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),nres-1,nres-1,vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0,");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ? $4+$5*2 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),nres-1,nres-1,vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0");
             else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0,\\\n");
           } /* state */
         } /* vpopbased */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;set out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\"; replot; set out; unset label;\n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1,nres); /* Buggy gnuplot */
       } /* end nres */
     } /* k1 end 2 eme*/
           
           
     /*3eme*/
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n\n# 3d: Life expectancy with EXP_ files:  combination=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
                           
           /*       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2); */
           k=2+(nlstate+1)*(cpt-1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"%s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set ter svg size 640, 480\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),nres-1,nres-1,k,cpt);
           /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
             for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
             fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
             for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
                                   
           */
           for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
             fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),nres-1,nres-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);
             /*    fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);*/
                                   
           } 
           fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d.\" w l",subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),nres-1,nres-1,k+nlstate,cpt);
         }
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset label;\n");
       } /* end nres */
     } /* end kl 3eme */
     
     /* 4eme */
     /* Survival functions (period) from state i in state j by initial state i */
     for (k1=1; k1<=m; k1++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state cpt*/
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n# Survival functions in state j : 'LIJ_' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability to be alive\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3;
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){
             if(i==1){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             }
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1;
             fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l);
             for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++)
               fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1);
             fprintf(ficgp,")) t \"l(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end nres */
     } /* end covariate k1 */  
   
   /* 5eme */
     /* Survival functions (period) from state i in state j by final state j */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1++){ /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each inital state  */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n# Survival functions in state j and all livestates from state i by final state j: 'lij' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability to be alive\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3;
           for (j=1; j<= nlstate ; j ++){ /* Lived in state j */
             if(j==1)
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1) +j;
             fprintf(ficgp," u (($1==%d && (floor($2)%%5 == 0)) ? ($3):1/0):($%d",k1,k+l);
             /* for (i=2; i<= nlstate+ndeath ; i ++) */
             /*   fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+i-1); */
             fprintf(ficgp,") t \"l(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,j);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
           fprintf(ficgp," u (($1==%d && (floor($2)%%5 == 0)) ? ($3):1/0):(",k1);
           for (j=1; j<= nlstate ; j ++){ /* Lived in state j */
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1) +j;
             if(j < nlstate)
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d +",k+l);
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d) t\"l(%d,.)\" w l",k+l,cpt);
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end covariate */  
     } /* end nres */
     
   /* 6eme */
     /* CV preval stable (period) for each covariate */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
         continue;
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state of arrival */
         strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV preval stable (forward): 'pij' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         } 
         strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
           fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
           continue;
         }
         
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1,nres);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
         k=3; /* Offset */
         for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){ /* State of origin */
           if(i==1)
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
           else
             fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
           l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1; /* 1, 1+ nlstate+ndeath, 1+2*(nlstate+ndeath) */
           fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l);
           for (j=2; j<= nlstate ; j ++)
             fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1);
           fprintf(ficgp,")) t \"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
         } /* nlstate */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
       } /* end cpt state*/ 
     } /* end covariate */  
     
     
   /* 7eme */
     if(backcast == 1){
       /* CV backward prevalence  for each covariate */
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life origin state */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV Backward stable prevalence: 'pijb' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Origin alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3; /* Offset */
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){ /* State of arrival */
             if(i==1)
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"));
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             /* l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1; */
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1)+1; /* fixed for i; cpt=1 1, cpt=2 1+ nlstate+ndeath, 1+2*(nlstate+ndeath) */
             /* fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l); /\* a vérifier *\/ */
             /* fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l+(cpt-1)+i-1); /\* a vérifier *\/ */
             fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d",k1,k+l+i-1); /* To be verified */
             /* for (j=2; j<= nlstate ; j ++) */
             /*    fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1); */
             /*    /\* fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1); *\/ */
             fprintf(ficgp,") t \"bprev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,i);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end covariate */  
     } /* End if backcast */
     
     /* 8eme */
     if(prevfcast==1){
       /* Projection from cross-sectional to forward stable (period) prevalence for each covariate */
       
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#Projection of prevalence to forward stable prevalence (period): 'PROJ_' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each correspondig covariate value  */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"# hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev\n ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Prevalence\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
   
           /* for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /\* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 *\/ */
           istart=nlstate+1; /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           /*istart=1;*/ /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           for (i=istart; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 */
             /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1       2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             if(i==istart){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
             }
             if(cptcoveff ==0){ /* No covariate */
               ioffset=2; /* Age is in 2 */
               /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#   1       2   3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               /*# V1  = 1 yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#  1    2        3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(", ioffset); 
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)):1 t 'pw.%d' with line lc variable ",        \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
                 fprintf(ficgp," (($1-$2) == %d ) ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):1 with labels center not ", \
                        offyear,                           \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate );
               }else
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'p%d%d' with line ",      \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
             }else{ /* more than 2 covariates */
               ioffset=2*cptcoveff+2; /* Age is in 4 or 6 or etc.*/
               /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
               /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */
               iyearc=ioffset-1;
               iagec=ioffset;
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
               kl=0;
               strcpy(gplotcondition,"(");
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate writing the chain of conditions */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to combination k1 and covariate k */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* Value of the modality of Tvaraff[k] */
                 kl++;
                 sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),"$%d==%d && $%d==%d " ,kl,Tvaraff[k], kl+1, nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                 kl++;
                 if(k <cptcoveff && cptcoveff>1)
                   sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition)," && ");
               }
               strcpy(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),")");
               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):%d t 'p.%d' with line lc variable", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,iyearc, cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",iagec); 
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s && (($%d-$%d) == %d ) ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):%d with labels center not ", gplotcondition, \
                         iyearc, iagec, offyear,                           \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate, iyearc );
   /*  '' u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0  && $3==2 && $4==0) && (($5-$6) == 1947) ? $10/(1.-$22) : 1/0):5 with labels center boxed not*/
               }else{
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), ioffset +1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
               }
             } /* end if covariate */
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/
       } /* end covariate */
     } /* End if prevfcast */
     
     if(backcast==1){
       /* Back projection from cross-sectional to stable (mixed) for each covariate */
       
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
           strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");      
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#Back projection of prevalence to stable (mixed) back prevalence: 'BPROJ_' files, covariatecombination#=%d originstate=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each correspondig covariate value  */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"# hbijx=backprobability over h years, hb.jx is weighted by observed prev at destination state\n ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJB_"),cpt,k1,nres);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set label \"Origin alive state %d %s\" at graph 0.98,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",cpt,gplotlabel);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Prevalence\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
   
           /* for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /\* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 *\/ */
           istart=nlstate+1; /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           /*istart=1;*/ /* Could be one if by state, but nlstate+1 is w.i projection only */
           for (i=istart; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 */
             /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1       2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             if(i==istart){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"FB_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
             }
             if(cptcoveff ==0){ /* No covariate */
               ioffset=2; /* Age is in 2 */
               /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#   1       2   3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               /*# V1  = 1 yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#  1    2        3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(", ioffset); 
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)):1 t 'bw%d' with line lc variable ", \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
                 fprintf(ficgp," (($1-$2) == %d ) ? $%d : 1/0):1 with labels center not ", \
                        offbyear,                          \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1) );
               }else
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'b%d%d' with line ",      \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt,i );
             }else{ /* more than 2 covariates */
               ioffset=2*cptcoveff+2; /* Age is in 4 or 6 or etc.*/
               /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
               /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */
               iyearc=ioffset-1;
               iagec=ioffset;
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
               kl=0;
               strcpy(gplotcondition,"(");
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate writing the chain of conditions */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to combination k1 and covariate k */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* Value of the modality of Tvaraff[k] */
                 kl++;
                 sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),"$%d==%d && $%d==%d " ,kl,Tvaraff[k], kl+1, nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                 kl++;
                 if(k <cptcoveff && cptcoveff>1)
                   sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition)," && ");
               }
               strcpy(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),")");
               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d : 1/0):%d t 'bw%d' with line lc variable", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),iyearc,cpt );
                 fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
                 fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",iagec); 
                 /* fprintf(ficgp,"%s && (($5-$6) == %d ) ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0):5 with labels center not ", gplotcondition, \ */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s && (($%d-$%d) == %d ) ? $%d : 1/0):%d with labels center not ", gplotcondition, \
                         iyearc,iagec,offbyear,                            \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), iyearc );
   /*  '' u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0  && $3==2 && $4==0) && (($5-$6) == 1947) ? $10/(1.-$22) : 1/0):5 with labels center boxed not*/
               }else{
                 /* fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \ */
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d : 1/0) t 'b%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), cpt,i );
               }
             } /* end if covariate */
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out; unset label;\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/
       } /* end covariate */
     } /* End if backcast */
     
     
     /* 9eme writing MLE parameters */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#9eme MLE estimated parameters\n#############\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"# initial state %d\n",i);
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"#   current state %d\n",k);
           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f; ",jk,p[jk]);
             jk++; 
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fprintf(ficgp,"##############\n#\n");
     
     /*goto avoid;*/
     /* 10eme Graphics of probabilities or incidences using written MLE parameters */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#10eme Graphics of probabilities or incidences\n#############\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=p1 +p2*age +p3*age*age+ p4*V1+ p5*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p13/p11)=a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p13/p11)=p6 +p7*age +p8*age*age+ p9*V1+ p10*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p12+p13+p14+p11=1=p11(1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#                      +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p11=1/(1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#                      +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p12=exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)/\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#     (1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age))\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a14+b14*age+c14age*age+d14*V1+e14*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#\n");
     for(ng=1; ng<=3;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is logit, 2nd is probabilities, third is incidences per year*/
       fprintf(ficgp,"#Number of graphics: first is logit, 2nd is probabilities, third is incidences per year\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"#model=%s \n",model);
       fprintf(ficgp,"# Type of graphic ng=%d\n",ng);
       fprintf(ficgp,"#   k1=1 to 2^%d=%d\n",cptcoveff,m);/* to be checked */
       for(k1=1; k1 <=m; k1++)  /* For each combination of covariate */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(m != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n\n# Combination of dummy  k1=%d which is ",k1);
         strcpy(gplotlabel,"(");
         /*sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," Dummy combination %d ",k1);*/
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each correspondig covariate value  */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           sprintf(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel)," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         } 
         strcpy(gplotlabel+strlen(gplotlabel),")");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d-%d.svg\" ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),k1,ng,nres);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset key outside ");
         /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%s\" at graph 1.2,0.5 center rotate font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",gplotlabel); */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"%s\" font \"Helvetica,12\"\n",gplotlabel);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480 ");
         if (ng==1){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Value of the logit of the model\"\n"); /* exp(a12+b12*x) could be nice */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset log y");
         }else if (ng==2){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Probability\"\n");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
         }else if (ng==3){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
         }else
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title ");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         i=1;
         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
           k3=i;
           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
             if (k != k2){
               switch( ng) {
               case 1:
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               case 2: /* ng=2 */
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               case 3:
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               }
               ij=1;/* To be checked else nbcode[0][0] wrong */
               ijp=1; /* product no age */
               /* for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++) { */
               for(j=1; j <=cptcovt; j++) { /* For each covariate of the simplified model */
                 /* printf("Tage[%d]=%d, j=%d\n", ij, Tage[ij], j); */
                 if(cptcovage >0){ /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, 2 V5 and V1 */
                   if(j==Tage[ij]) { /* Product by age  To be looked at!!*/
                     if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, 2 V5 and V1 */
                       if(DummyV[j]==0){
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]);;
                       }else{ /* quantitative */
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f*x",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /* Tqinvresult in decoderesult */
                         /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                       }
                       ij++;
                     }
                   } 
                 }else if(cptcovprod >0){
                   if(j==Tprod[ijp]) { /* */ 
                     /* printf("Tprod[%d]=%d, j=%d\n", ij, Tprod[ijp], j); */
                     if(ijp <=cptcovprod) { /* Product */
                       if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][1]]==0){/* Vn is dummy */
                         if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][2]]==0){/* Vn and Vm are dummy */
                           /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvard[ijp][1]][codtabm(k1,j)],nbcode[Tvard[ijp][2]][codtabm(k1,j)]); */
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                         }else{ /* Vn is dummy and Vm is quanti */
                           /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvard[ijp][1]][codtabm(k1,j)],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]); */
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                         }
                       }else{ /* Vn*Vm Vn is quanti */
                         if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][2]]==0){
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]]);
                         }else{ /* Both quanti */
                           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                         }
                       }
                       ijp++;
                     }
                   } /* end Tprod */
                 } else{  /* simple covariate */
                   /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtabm(k1,j)]); /\* Valgrind bug nbcode *\/ */
                   if(Dummy[j]==0){
                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /*  */
                   }else{ /* quantitative */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /* */
                     /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                   }
                 } /* end simple */
               } /* end j */
             }else{
               i=i-ncovmodel;
               if(ng !=1 ) /* For logit formula of log p11 is more difficult to get */
                 fprintf(ficgp," (1.");
             }
             
             if(ng != 1){
               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
               
               for(cpt=1; cpt <=nlstate; cpt++){ 
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1,k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+nagesqr);
                  
                 ij=1;
                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++){
                    if(cptcovage >0){ 
                      if((j-2)==Tage[ij]) { /* Bug valgrind */
                        if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* Bug valgrind */
                          fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,j-2)]);
                          /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                          ij++;
                        }
                      }
                    }else
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(cpt-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(k1,j-2)]);/* Valgrind bug nbcode */
                 }
                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
               }
               fprintf(ficgp,")");
               if(ng ==2)
                 fprintf(ficgp," w l lw 2 lt (%d*%d+%d)%%%d+1 dt %d t \"p%d%d\" ", nlstate+ndeath, k2, k, nlstate+ndeath, k2, k2,k);
               else /* ng= 3 */
                 fprintf(ficgp," w l lw 2 lt (%d*%d+%d)%%%d+1 dt %d t \"i%d%d\" ",  nlstate+ndeath, k2, k, nlstate+ndeath, k2, k2,k);
             }else{ /* end ng <> 1 */
               if( k !=k2) /* logit p11 is hard to draw */
                 fprintf(ficgp," w l lw 2 lt (%d*%d+%d)%%%d+1 dt %d t \"logit(p%d%d)\" ",  nlstate+ndeath, k2, k, nlstate+ndeath, k2, k2,k);
             }
             if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath) && ng != 1)
               fprintf(ficgp,",");
             if (ng == 1 && k!=k2 && (k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath))
               fprintf(ficgp,",");
             i=i+ncovmodel;
           } /* end k */
         } /* end k2 */
         /* fprintf(ficgp,"\n set out; unset label;set key default;\n"); */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n set out; unset title;set key default;\n");
       } /* end k1 */
     } /* end ng */
     /* avoid: */
     fflush(ficgp); 
   }  /* end gnuplot */
   
   
   /*************** Moving average **************/
   /* int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage, double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav, double bageout, double fageout){ */
    int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage, double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
      
      int i, cpt, cptcod;
      int modcovmax =1;
      int mobilavrange, mob;
      int iage=0;
      int firstA1=0, firstA2=0;
   
      double sum=0., sumr=0.;
      double age;
      double *sumnewp, *sumnewm, *sumnewmr;
      double *agemingood, *agemaxgood; 
      double *agemingoodr, *agemaxgoodr; 
     
     
      /* modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;  Max number of modalities. We suppose  */
      /*              a covariate has 2 modalities, should be equal to ncovcombmax   */
   
      sumnewp = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      sumnewm = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      sumnewmr = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      agemingood = vector(1,ncovcombmax);  
      agemingoodr = vector(1,ncovcombmax); 
      agemaxgood = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      agemaxgoodr = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
   
      for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
        sumnewm[cptcod]=0.; sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
        sumnewp[cptcod]=0.;
        agemingood[cptcod]=0, agemingoodr[cptcod]=0;
        agemaxgood[cptcod]=0, agemaxgoodr[cptcod]=0;
      }
      if (cptcovn<1) ncovcombmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
     
      if(mobilav==-1 || mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
        if(mobilav==1 || mobilav==-1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
        else mobilavrange=mobilav;
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++)
              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
        /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
           fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
           we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
        */ 
        for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
          for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
              sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
                }
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
                sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
              } /* end i */
              if(sumnewm[cptcod] >1.e-3) mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/sumnewm[cptcod]; /* Rescaling to sum one */
            } /* end cptcod */
          }/* end age */
        }/* end mob */
      }else{
        printf("Error internal in movingaverage, mobilav=%d.\n",mobilav);
        return -1;
      }
   
      for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){ /* for each combination */
        /* for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){ */
        if(invalidvarcomb[cptcod]){
          printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",cptcod); 
          continue;
        }
   
        for (age=fage-(mob-1)/2; age>=bage+(mob-1)/2; age--){ /*looking for the youngest and oldest good age */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good without smoothing */
            agemingoodr[cptcod]=age;
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemingood[cptcod]=age;
          }
        } /* age */
        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){ /*looking for the youngest and oldest good age */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good without smoothing */
            agemaxgoodr[cptcod]=age;
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
            agemaxgood[cptcod]=age;
          }
        } /* age */
        /* Thus we have agemingood and agemaxgood as well as goodr for raw (preobs) */
        /* but they will change */
        firstA1=0;firstA2=0;
        for (age=fage-(mob-1)/2; age>=bage; age--){/* From oldest to youngest, filling up to the youngest */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(mobilav==-1){ /* Forcing raw ages if good else agemingood */
            if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good without smoothing */
              agemaxgoodr[cptcod]=age;  /* age min */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            }else{ /* bad we change the value with the values of good ages */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgoodr[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }else{
            if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemaxgood[cptcod]=age;
            }else{ /* bad we change the value with the values of good ages */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }/* end else */
          sum=0.;sumr=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sum+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumr+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sum - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            if(!firstA1){
              firstA1=1;
              printf("Moving average A1: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one (%f) at any descending age! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d. Others in log file...\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
            }
            fprintf(ficlog,"Moving average A1: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one (%f) at any descending age! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
          } /* end bad */
          /* else{ /\* We found some ages summing to one, we will smooth the oldest *\/ */
          if(fabs(sumr - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            if(!firstA2){
              firstA2=1;
              printf("Moving average A2: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, the raw prevalence doesn't sums to one (%f) even with smoothed values at young ages! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d. Others in log file...\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
            }
            fprintf(ficlog,"Moving average A2: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, the raw prevalence doesn't sums to one (%f) even with smoothed values at young ages! age=%d, could you increase bage=%d\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)bage);
          } /* end bad */
        }/* age */
   
        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage; age++){/* From youngest, finding the oldest wrong */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewmr[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewmr[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          } 
          if(mobilav==-1){ /* Forcing raw ages if good else agemingood */
            if(fabs(sumnewmr[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemingoodr[cptcod]=age;
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            }else{ /* bad we change the value with the values of good ages */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingoodr[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }else{
            if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
              agemingood[cptcod]=age;
            }else{ /* bad */
              for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
              } /* i */
            } /* end bad */
          }/* end else */
          sum=0.;sumr=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sum+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumr+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sum - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            printf("Moving average B1: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one (%f) at any descending age! age=%d, could you decrease fage=%d?\n",cptcod, sum, (int) age, (int)fage);
          } /* end bad */
          /* else{ /\* We found some ages summing to one, we will smooth the oldest *\/ */
          if(fabs(sumr - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
            printf("Moving average B2: For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, the raw prevalence doesn't sums to one (%f) even with smoothed values at young ages! age=%d, could you increase fage=%d\n",cptcod,sumr, (int)age, (int)fage);
          } /* end bad */
        }/* age */
   
                   
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++){
          /* printf("%d %d ", cptcod, (int)age); */
          sumnewp[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewp[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            /* printf("%.4f %.4f ",probs[(int)age][i][cptcod], mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); */
          }
          /* printf("%.4f %.4f \n",sumnewp[cptcod], sumnewm[cptcod]); */
        }
        /* printf("\n"); */
        /* } */
   
        /* brutal averaging */
        /* for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
        /*   for (age=1; age<=bage; age++){ */
        /*          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod]; */
        /*          /\* printf("age=%d i=%d cptcod=%d mobaverage=%.4f \n",(int)age,i, cptcod, mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); *\/ */
        /*   }      */
        /*   for (age=fage; age<=AGESUP; age++){ */
        /*          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod]; */
        /*          /\* printf("age=%d i=%d cptcod=%d mobaverage=%.4f \n",(int)age,i, cptcod, mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); *\/ */
        /*   } */
        /* } /\* end i status *\/ */
        /* for (i=nlstate+1; i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++){ */
        /*   for (age=1; age<=AGESUP; age++){ */
        /*          /\*printf("i=%d, age=%d, cptcod=%d\n",i, (int)age, cptcod);*\/ */
        /*          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=0.; */
        /*   } */
        /* } */
      }/* end cptcod */
      free_vector(agemaxgoodr,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemaxgood,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemingood,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemingoodr,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(sumnewmr,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(sumnewm,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(sumnewp,1, ncovcombmax);
      return 0;
    }/* End movingaverage */
    
   
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
    void prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double ***prev, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, cptcod, i, h, i1, k4, nres=0;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
     /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\ */
     /*          firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model); */
    
     strcpy(fileresf,"F_"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileresu);
     if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
     printf("\nComputing forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresf);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else{
       hstepm=estepm;   
     }
     if(estepm > stepm){ /* Yes every two year */
       stepsize=2;
     }
   
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
     
   /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
       if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
         continue;
       if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
         printf("\nCombination (%d) projection ignored because no cases \n",k); 
         continue;
       }
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#****** hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
       }
       for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
       }
       fprintf(ficresf," yearproj age");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        
           fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresf," wp.%d",j);
       }
       for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
         /* for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){  */
         for (agec=fage; agec>=(bage); agec--){ 
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           /* We compute pii at age agec over nhstepm);*/
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k,nres);
           /* Then we print p3mat for h corresponding to the right agec+h*stepms=yearp */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
               break;
             }
           }
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
             fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
           
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
             ppij=0.;
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
               if (mobilav>=1)
                ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*prev[(int)agec][i][k];
               else { /* even if mobilav==-1 we use mobaverage, probs may not sums to 1 */
                   ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][k];
               }
               fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             } /* end i */
             fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
           }/* end j */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         } /* end agec */
         /* diffyear=(int) anproj1+yearp-ageminpar-1; */
         /*printf("Prevforecast %d+%d-%d=diffyear=%d\n",(int) anproj1, (int)yearp,(int)ageminpar,(int) anproj1-(int)ageminpar);*/
       } /* end yearp */
     } /* end  k */
           
     fclose(ficresf);
     printf("End of Computing forecasting \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Computing forecasting\n");
   
   }
   
   /************** Back Forecasting ******************/
    void prevbackforecast(char fileres[], double ***prevacurrent, double anback1, double mback1, double jback1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anback2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* back1, year, month, day of starting backection
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anback2 year of end of backprojection (same day and month as back1).
        prevacurrent and prev are prevalences.
     */
     int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, cptcod, i, h, i1, k4, nres=0;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, ppi, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     char fileresfb[FILENAMELENGTH];
    
     agelim=AGEINF;
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
     /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\ */
     /*          firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model); */
   
     /*Do we need to compute prevalence again?*/
   
     /* prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
     
     strcpy(fileresfb,"FB_");
     strcat(fileresfb,fileresu);
     if((ficresfb=fopen(fileresfb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with back forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresfb);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with back forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresfb);
     }
     printf("\nComputing back forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresfb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing back forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresfb);
     
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
     
      
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else{
       hstepm=estepm;   
     }
     if(estepm >= stepm){ /* Yes every two year */
       stepsize=2;
     }
     
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm;
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresfb,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2);
     printf("# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2);
     
     fprintf(ficresfb,"#****** Routine prevbackforecast **\n");
     
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
       if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
         continue;
       if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
         printf("\nCombination (%d) projection ignored because no cases \n",k); 
         continue;
       }
       fprintf(ficresfb,"\n#****** hbijx=probability over h years, hb.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
         fprintf(ficresfb," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
       }
       for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
       }
       fprintf(ficresfb," yearbproj age");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           fprintf(ficresfb," b%d%d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresfb," b.%d",j);
       }
       for (yearp=0; yearp>=(anback2-anback1);yearp -=stepsize) {
         /* for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {  */
         fprintf(ficresfb,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresfb,"\n# Back Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jback1,mback1,anback1+yearp);
         /* printf("\n# Back Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jback1,mback1,anback1+yearp); */
         /* for (agec=bage; agec<=agemax-1; agec++){  /\* testing *\/ */
         for (agec=bage; agec<=fage; agec++){  /* testing */
           /* We compute bij at age agec over nhstepm, nhstepm decreases when agec increases because of agemax;*/
           nhstepm=(int) (agec-agelim) *YEARM/stepm;/*     nhstepm=(int) rint((agec-agelim)*YEARM/stepm);*/
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           /* computes hbxij at age agec over 1 to nhstepm */
           /* printf("####prevbackforecast debug  agec=%.2f nhstepm=%d\n",agec, nhstepm);fflush(stdout); */
           hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm, k, nres);
           /* hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,             nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k,nres); */
           /* Then we print p3mat for h corresponding to the right agec+h*stepms=yearp */
           /* printf(" agec=%.2f\n",agec);fflush(stdout); */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==-yearp) {
               break;
             }
           }
           fprintf(ficresfb,"\n");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficresfb,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficresfb,"%.f %.f ",anback1+yearp,agec-h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++) {
             ppij=0.;ppi=0.;
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) {
               /* if (mobilav==1) */
               ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*prevacurrent[(int)agec][j][k];
               ppi=ppi+prevacurrent[(int)agec][j][k];
               /* ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][j][k]; */
               /* ppi=ppi+mobaverage[(int)agec][j][k]; */
                 /* else { */
                 /*        ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][k]; */
                 /* } */
               fprintf(ficresfb," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             } /* end j */
             if(ppi <0.99){
               printf("Error in prevbackforecast, prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: %3f\n",i, ppi);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error in prevbackforecast, prevalence doesn't sum to 1 for state %d: %3f\n",i, ppi);
             }
             fprintf(ficresfb," %.3f", ppij);
           }/* end j */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         } /* end agec */
       } /* end yearp */
     } /* end k */
     
     /* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
     
     fclose(ficresfb);
     printf("End of Computing Back forecasting \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Computing Back forecasting\n");
           
   }
   
   /* Variance of prevalence limit: varprlim */
    void varprlim(char fileresu[], int nresult, double ***prevacurrent, int mobilavproj, double bage, double fage, double **prlim, int *ncvyearp, double ftolpl, double p[], double **matcov, double *delti, int stepm, int cptcoveff){
       /*------- Variance of forward period (stable) prevalence------*/   
    
      char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
      FILE *ficresvpl;
      double **oldm, **savm;
      double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */   
      int i1, k, nres, j ;
      
       strcpy(fileresvpl,"VPL_");
       strcat(fileresvpl,fileresu);
       if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance of forward period (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
         exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of forward period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvpl);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog, "Computing Variance-covariance of forward period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvpl);fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
       
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         printf("\n#****** ");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficresvpl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileresvpl, ficresvpl, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k, strstart, nres);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         /*}*/
       }
       
       fclose(ficresvpl);
       printf("done variance-covariance of forward period prevalence\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done variance-covariance of forward period prevalence\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
    }
   /* Variance of back prevalence: varbprlim */
    void varbprlim(char fileresu[], int nresult, double ***prevacurrent, int mobilavproj, double bage, double fage, double **bprlim, int *ncvyearp, double ftolpl, double p[], double **matcov, double *delti, int stepm, int cptcoveff){
         /*------- Variance of back (stable) prevalence------*/
   
      char fileresvbl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
      FILE  *ficresvbl;
   
      double **oldm, **savm;
      double **varbpl; /* Variances of back prevalence limits by age */   
      int i1, k, nres, j ;
   
      strcpy(fileresvbl,"VBL_");
      strcat(fileresvbl,fileresu);
      if((ficresvbl=fopen(fileresvbl,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with variance of back (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvbl);
        exit(0);
      }
      printf("Computing Variance-covariance of back (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvbl);fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog, "Computing Variance-covariance of back (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvbl);fflush(ficlog);
      
      
      i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
      
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
        for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
          if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
            continue;
          fprintf(ficresvbl,"\n#****** ");
          printf("\n#****** ");
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** ");
          for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
            fprintf(ficresvbl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
            fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
            printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
          }
          for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
            printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
            fprintf(ficresvbl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
            fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
          }
          fprintf(ficresvbl,"******\n");
          printf("******\n");
          fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
          
          varbpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
          oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
          
          varbrevlim(fileresvbl, ficresvbl, varbpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, bprlim, ftolpl, mobilavproj, ncvyearp, k, strstart, nres);
          free_matrix(varbpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
          /*}*/
        }
      
      fclose(ficresvbl);
      printf("done variance-covariance of back prevalence\n");fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog,"done variance-covariance of back prevalence\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
    } /* End of varbprlim */
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   /* void populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2s, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){ */
     
   /*   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h; */
   /*   int *popage; */
   /*   double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2; */
   /*   double *popeffectif,*popcount; */
   /*   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev; */
   /*   /\* double ***mobaverage; *\/ */
   /*   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH]; */
   
   /*   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
   /*   calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM; */
     
   /*   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
     
     
   /*   strcpy(filerespop,"POP_");  */
   /*   strcat(filerespop,fileresu); */
   /*   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop); */
   /*   } */
   /*   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop); */
   /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop); */
   
   /*   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1; */
   
   /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) { *\/ */
   /*   /\*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
   /*   /\*   if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ *\/ */
   /*   /\*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
   /*   /\*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
   /*   /\*   } *\/ */
   /*   /\* } *\/ */
   
   /*   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM; */
   /*   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1; */
     
   /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
     
   /*   hstepm=1; */
   /*   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  */
           
   /*   if (popforecast==1) { */
   /*     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) { */
   /*       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0); */
   /*       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0); */
   /*     }  */
   /*     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP); */
   /*     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP); */
   /*     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP); */
       
   /*     i=1;    */
   /*     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1; */
       
   /*     imx=i; */
   /*     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i]; */
   /*   } */
     
   /*   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){ */
   /*     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){ */
   /*       k=k+1; */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******"); */
   /*       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) { */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */
   /*       } */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n"); */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age"); */
   /*       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j); */
   /*       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]"); */
         
   /*       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {  */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    */
           
   /*      for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){  */
   /*        nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  */
   /*        nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
             
   /*        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*        oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
   /*        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
             
   /*        for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
   /*          if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) { */
   /*            fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
   /*          }  */
   /*          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   /*            kk1=0.;kk2=0; */
   /*            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {               */
   /*              if (mobilav==1)  */
   /*                kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod]; */
   /*              else { */
   /*                kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod]; */
   /*              } */
   /*            } */
   /*            if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){ */
   /*              tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1; */
   /*              /\*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1); */
   /*                if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*\/ */
   /*            } */
   /*          } */
   /*          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
   /*            kk1=0.; */
   /*            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
   /*              kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];  */
   /*            } */
   /*            tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)]; */
   /*          } */
               
   /*          if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) */
   /*            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  */
   /*              fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]); */
   /*        } */
   /*        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*      } */
   /*       } */
         
   /*       /\******\/ */
         
   /*       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {  */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    */
   /*      for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){  */
   /*        nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  */
   /*        nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
             
   /*        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*        oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
   /*        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
   /*        for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
   /*          if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) { */
   /*            fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
   /*          }  */
   /*          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   /*            kk1=0.;kk2=0; */
   /*            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {               */
   /*              kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];     */
   /*            } */
   /*            if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);         */
   /*          } */
   /*        } */
   /*        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*      } */
   /*       } */
   /*     }  */
   /*   } */
     
   /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
     
   /*   if (popforecast==1) { */
   /*     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP); */
   /*     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP); */
   /*     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP); */
   /*   } */
   /*   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   fclose(ficrespop); */
   /* } /\* End of popforecast *\/ */
    
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   
   
   /**************** function prwizard **********************/
   void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
   
     /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
   
     char ca[32], cb[32];
     int i,j, k, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     } /* end itimes */
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz(double x[])
   { 
     double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
    
     return -2*L*num/sump;
   }
   
   #ifdef GSL
   /******************* Gompertz_f Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz_f(const gsl_vector *v, void *params)
   { 
     double A,B,LL=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     double *x= (double *) v->data;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
     printf("x[0]=%lf x[1]=%lf\n",x[0],x[1]);
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[0]/(x[1])*(exp(x[1]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[1]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[0]/(x[1])*(exp(x[1]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[1]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[0]/YEARM)+x[1]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           LL=LL+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
     printf("x[0]=%lf x[1]=%lf -2*LL*num/sump=%lf\n",x[0],x[1],-2*LL*num/sump);
    
     return -2*LL*num/sump;
   }
   #endif
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtmlmort(char fileresu[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,  double p[],double **matcov,double agemortsup){
     int i,k;
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
     fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
     for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
       fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.svg\">");
     fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Life table</h4>\n <br>");
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\nAge   l<inf>x</inf>     q<inf>x</inf> d(x,x+1)    L<inf>x</inf>     T<inf>x</inf>     e<infx</inf><br>");
   
    for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
      fprintf(fichtm,"%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf<br>\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
   
    
     fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplotmort(char fileresu[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
   
     int ng;
   
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
   
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.svg\"\n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set ter svg size 640, 480\n set log y\n"); 
     /* fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n"); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
   
   } 
   
   int readdata(char datafile[], int firstobs, int lastobs, int *imax)
   {
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     FILE *fic;
     char dummy[]="                         ";
     int i=0, j=0, n=0, iv=0, v;
     int lstra;
     int linei, month, year,iout;
     char line[MAXLINE], linetmp[MAXLINE];
     char stra[MAXLINE], strb[MAXLINE];
     char *stratrunc;
   
     DummyV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* 1 to 3 */
     FixedV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* 1 to 3 */
   
     for(v=1; v <=ncovcol;v++){
       DummyV[v]=0;
       FixedV[v]=0;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=1;
       FixedV[v]=0;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+nqv+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=0;
       FixedV[v]=1;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=1;
       FixedV[v]=1;
     }
     for(v=1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv;v++){
       printf("Covariate type in the data: V%d, DummyV(V%d)=%d, FixedV(V%d)=%d\n",v,v,DummyV[v],v,FixedV[v]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Covariate type in the data: V%d, DummyV(V%d)=%d, FixedV(V%d)=%d\n",v,v,DummyV[v],v,FixedV[v]);
     }
   
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(ficlog);return 1;
     }
   
     i=1;
     linei=0;
     while ((fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL) &&((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs))) {
       linei=linei+1;
       for(j=strlen(line); j>=0;j--){  /* Untabifies line */
         if(line[j] == '\t')
           line[j] = ' ';
       }
       for(j=strlen(line)-1; (line[j]==' ')||(line[j]==10)||(line[j]==13);j--){
         ;
       };
       line[j+1]=0;  /* Trims blanks at end of line */
       if(line[0]=='#'){
         fprintf(ficlog,"Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         printf("Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         continue;
       }
       trimbb(linetmp,line); /* Trims multiple blanks in line */
       strcpy(line, linetmp);
       
       /* Loops on waves */
       for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
         for (iv=nqtv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on time varying quantitative variables */
           cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
           if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
             lval=-1;
             cotqvar[j][iv][i]=-1; /* 0.0/0.0 */
             cotvar[j][ntv+iv][i]=-1; /* For performance reasons */
             if(isalpha(strb[1])) { /* .m or .d Really Missing value */
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. If missing, you should remove this individual or impute a value.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. If missing, you should remove this individual or impute a value.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
           }else{
             errno=0;
             /* what_kind_of_number(strb); */
             dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
             /* if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){ */
             /* if(strb != endptr && *endptr == '\0') */
             /*    dval=dlval; */
             /* if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) */
             if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j,maxwav);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqtv, j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
             cotqvar[j][iv][i]=dval; 
             cotvar[j][ntv+iv][i]=dval; 
           }
           strcpy(line,stra);
         }/* end loop ntqv */
         
         for (iv=ntv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on time varying dummies */
           cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
           if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
             lval=-1;
           }else{
             errno=0;
             lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
             /*    if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
             if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th dummy covariate out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, ntv, j,maxwav);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d dummy covariate out of %d measured wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, ntv,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
           }
           if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
             printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
           cotvar[j][iv][i]=(double)(lval);
           strcpy(line,stra);
         }/* end loop ntv */
         
         /* Statuses  at wave */
         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
           /*      if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
         }
         
         s[j][i]=lval;
         
         /* Date of Interview */
         strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
         if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
         }
         else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy)) != 0){
           month=99;
           year=9999;
         }else{
           printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         anint[j][i]= (double) year; 
         mint[j][i]= (double)month; 
         strcpy(line,stra);
       } /* End loop on waves */
       
       /* Date of death */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
       }
       else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy)) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       andc[i]=(double) year; 
       moisdc[i]=(double) month; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       /* Date of birth */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
       }
       else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.", dummy)) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       if (year==9999) {
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given. Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
         
       }
       annais[i]=(double)(year);
       moisnais[i]=(double)(month); 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       /* Sample weight */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       errno=0;
       dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
       if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
         printf("Error reading data around '%f' at line number %d, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%f' at line number %d, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       weight[i]=dval; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       for (iv=nqv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on fixed quantitative variables */
         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           /* what_kind_of_number(strb); */
           dval=strtod(strb,&endptr);
           /* if(strb != endptr && *endptr == '\0') */
           /*   dval=dlval; */
           /* if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) */
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value (out of %d) constant for all waves. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqv, maxwav);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value (out of %d) constant for all waves. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqv, maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
           coqvar[iv][i]=dval; 
           covar[ncovcol+iv][i]=dval; /* including qvar in standard covar for performance reasons */ 
         }
         strcpy(line,stra);
       }/* end loop nqv */
       
       /* Covariate values */
       for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing covariate value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
         }
         if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
           printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         covar[j][i]=(double)(lval);
         strcpy(line,stra);
       }  
       lstra=strlen(stra);
       
       if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
         stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
         num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
       }
       else
         num[i]=atol(stra);
       /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
         printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
       
       i=i+1;
     } /* End loop reading  data */
     
     *imax=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
     fclose(fic);
     
     return (0);
     /* endread: */
     printf("Exiting readdata: ");
     fclose(fic);
     return (1);
   }
   
   void removefirstspace(char **stri){/*, char stro[]) {*/
     char *p1 = *stri, *p2 = *stri;
     while (*p2 == ' ')
       p2++; 
     /* while ((*p1++ = *p2++) !=0) */
     /*   ; */
     /* do */
     /*   while (*p2 == ' ') */
     /*     p2++; */
     /* while (*p1++ == *p2++); */
     *stri=p2; 
   }
   
   int decoderesult ( char resultline[], int nres)
   /**< This routine decode one result line and returns the combination # of dummy covariates only **/
   {
     int j=0, k=0, k1=0, k2=0, k3=0, k4=0, match=0, k2q=0, k3q=0, k4q=0;
     char resultsav[MAXLINE];
     int resultmodel[MAXLINE];
     int modelresult[MAXLINE];
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80];
   
     removefirstspace(&resultline);
     printf("decoderesult:%s\n",resultline);
   
     if (strstr(resultline,"v") !=0){
       printf("Error. 'v' must be in upper case 'V' result: %s ",resultline);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. 'v' must be in upper case result: %s ",resultline);fflush(ficlog);
       return 1;
     }
     trimbb(resultsav, resultline);
     if (strlen(resultsav) >1){
       j=nbocc(resultsav,'='); /**< j=Number of covariate values'=' */
     }
     if(j == 0){ /* Resultline but no = */
       TKresult[nres]=0; /* Combination for the nresult and the model */
       return (0);
     }
       
     if( j != cptcovs ){ /* Be careful if a variable is in a product but not single */
       printf("ERROR: the number of variable in the resultline, %d, differs from the number of variable used in the model line, %d.\n",j, cptcovs);
       fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR: the number of variable in the resultline, %d, differs from the number of variable used in the model line, %d.\n",j, cptcovs);
     }
     for(k=1; k<=j;k++){ /* Loop on any covariate of the result line */
       if(nbocc(resultsav,'=') >1){
          cutl(stra,strb,resultsav,' '); /* keeps in strb after the first ' ' 
                                         resultsav= V4=1 V5=25.1 V3=0 strb=V3=0 stra= V4=1 V5=25.1 */
          cutl(strc,strd,strb,'=');  /* strb:V4=1 strc=1 strd=V4 */
       }else
         cutl(strc,strd,resultsav,'=');
       Tvalsel[k]=atof(strc); /* 1 */
       
       cutl(strc,stre,strd,'V'); /* strd='V4' strc=4 stre='V' */;
       Tvarsel[k]=atoi(strc);
       /* Typevarsel[k]=1;  /\* 1 for age product *\/ */
       /* cptcovsel++;     */
       if (nbocc(stra,'=') >0)
         strcpy(resultsav,stra); /* and analyzes it */
     }
     /* Checking for missing or useless values in comparison of current model needs */
     for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt ;k1++){ /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       if(Typevar[k1]==0){ /* Single covariate in model */
         match=0;
         for(k2=1; k2 <=j;k2++){/* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
           if(Tvar[k1]==Tvarsel[k2]) {/* Tvar[1]=5 == Tvarsel[2]=5   */
             modelresult[k2]=k1;/* modelresult[2]=1 modelresult[1]=2  modelresult[3]=3  modelresult[6]=4 modelresult[9]=5 */
             match=1;
             break;
           }
         }
         if(match == 0){
           printf("Error in result line: %d value missing; result: %s, model=%s\n",k1, resultline, model);
         }
       }
     }
     /* Checking for missing or useless values in comparison of current model needs */
     for(k2=1; k2 <=j;k2++){ /* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
       match=0;
       for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt ;k1++){ /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         if(Typevar[k1]==0){ /* Single */
           if(Tvar[k1]==Tvarsel[k2]) { /* Tvar[2]=4 == Tvarsel[1]=4   */
             resultmodel[k1]=k2;  /* resultmodel[2]=1 resultmodel[1]=2  resultmodel[3]=3  resultmodel[6]=4 resultmodel[9]=5 */
             ++match;
           }
         }
       }
       if(match == 0){
         printf("Error in result line: %d value missing; result: %s, model=%s\n",k1, resultline, model);
       }else if(match > 1){
         printf("Error in result line: %d doubled; result: %s, model=%s\n",k2, resultline, model);
       }
     }
         
     /* We need to deduce which combination number is chosen and save quantitative values */
     /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
     /* result line V4=1 V5=25.1 V3=0  V2=8 V1=1 */
     /* should give a combination of dummy V4=1, V3=0, V1=1 => V4*2**(0) + V3*2**(1) + V1*2**(2) = 5 + (1offset) = 6*/
     /* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
     /* should give a combination of dummy V4=1, V3=1, V1=0 => V4*2**(0) + V3*2**(1) + V1*2**(2) = 3 + (1offset) = 4*/
     /*    1 0 0 0 */
     /*    2 1 0 0 */
     /*    3 0 1 0 */ 
     /*    4 1 1 0 */ /* V4=1, V3=1, V1=0 */
     /*    5 0 0 1 */
     /*    6 1 0 1 */ /* V4=1, V3=0, V1=1 */
     /*    7 0 1 1 */
     /*    8 1 1 1 */
     /* V(Tvresult)=Tresult V4=1 V3=0 V1=1 Tresult[nres=1][2]=0 */
     /* V(Tvqresult)=Tqresult V5=25.1 V2=8 Tqresult[nres=1][1]=25.1 */
     /* V5*age V5 known which value for nres?  */
     /* Tqinvresult[2]=8 Tqinvresult[1]=25.1  */
     for(k1=1, k=0, k4=0, k4q=0; k1 <=cptcovt;k1++){ /* model line */
       if( Dummy[k1]==0 && Typevar[k1]==0 ){ /* Single dummy */
         k3= resultmodel[k1]; /* resultmodel[2(V4)] = 1=k3 */
         k2=(int)Tvarsel[k3]; /*  Tvarsel[resultmodel[2]]= Tvarsel[1] = 4=k2 */
         k+=Tvalsel[k3]*pow(2,k4);  /*  Tvalsel[1]=1  */
         Tresult[nres][k4+1]=Tvalsel[k3];/* Tresult[nres][1]=1(V4=1)  Tresult[nres][2]=0(V3=0) */
         Tvresult[nres][k4+1]=(int)Tvarsel[k3];/* Tvresult[nres][1]=4 Tvresult[nres][3]=1 */
         Tinvresult[nres][(int)Tvarsel[k3]]=Tvalsel[k3]; /* Tinvresult[nres][4]=1 */
         printf("Decoderesult Dummy k=%d, V(k2=V%d)= Tvalsel[%d]=%d, 2**(%d)\n",k, k2, k3, (int)Tvalsel[k3], k4);
         k4++;;
       }  else if( Dummy[k1]==1 && Typevar[k1]==0 ){ /* Single quantitative */
         k3q= resultmodel[k1]; /* resultmodel[2] = 1=k3 */
         k2q=(int)Tvarsel[k3q]; /*  Tvarsel[resultmodel[2]]= Tvarsel[1] = 4=k2 */
         Tqresult[nres][k4q+1]=Tvalsel[k3q]; /* Tqresult[nres][1]=25.1 */
         Tvqresult[nres][k4q+1]=(int)Tvarsel[k3q]; /* Tvqresult[nres][1]=5 */
         Tqinvresult[nres][(int)Tvarsel[k3q]]=Tvalsel[k3q]; /* Tqinvresult[nres][5]=25.1 */
         printf("Decoderesult Quantitative nres=%d, V(k2q=V%d)= Tvalsel[%d]=%d, Tvarsel[%d]=%f\n",nres, k2q, k3q, Tvarsel[k3q], k3q, Tvalsel[k3q]);
         k4q++;;
       }
     }
     
     TKresult[nres]=++k; /* Combination for the nresult and the model */
     return (0);
   }
   
   int decodemodel( char model[], int lastobs)
    /**< This routine decodes the model and returns:
           * Model  V1+V2+V3+V8+V7*V8+V5*V6+V8*age+V3*age+age*age
           * - nagesqr = 1 if age*age in the model, otherwise 0.
           * - cptcovt total number of covariates of the model nbocc(+)+1 = 8 excepting constant and age and age*age
           * - cptcovn or number of covariates k of the models excluding age*products =6 and age*age
           * - cptcovage number of covariates with age*products =2
           * - cptcovs number of simple covariates
           * - Tvar[k] is the id of the kth covariate Tvar[1]@12 {1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 8, 3, 7, 8, 5, 6}, thus Tvar[5=V7*V8]=10
           *     which is a new column after the 9 (ncovcol) variables. 
           * - if k is a product Vn*Vm covar[k][i] is filled with correct values for each individual
           * - Tprod[l] gives the kth covariates of the product Vn*Vm l=1 to cptcovprod-cptcovage
           *    Tprod[1]@2 {5, 6}: position of first product V7*V8 is 5, and second V5*V6 is 6.
           * - Tvard[k]  p Tvard[1][1]@4 {7, 8, 5, 6} for V7*V8 and V5*V6 .
           */
   {
     int i, j, k, ks, v;
     int  j1, k1, k2, k3, k4;
     char modelsav[80];
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80];
     char *strpt;
   
     /*removespace(model);*/
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=0, k2=-1, ks=0, cptcovn=0;
       if (strstr(model,"AGE") !=0){
         printf("Error. AGE must be in lower case 'age' model=1+age+%s. ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. AGE must be in lower case model=1+age+%s. ",model);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       if (strstr(model,"v") !=0){
         printf("Error. 'v' must be in upper case 'V' model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. 'v' must be in upper case model=%s ",model);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strpt=strstr(model,"age*age")) !=0){
         printf(" strpt=%s, model=%s\n",strpt, model);
         if(strpt != model){
           printf("Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
    'model=1+age+age*age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.', please swap as well as \n \
    corresponding column of parameters.\n",model);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
    'model=1+age+age*age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.', please swap as well as \n \
    corresponding column of parameters.\n",model); fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         nagesqr=1;
         if (strstr(model,"+age*age") !=0)
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "+age*age");
         else if (strstr(model,"age*age+") !=0)
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "age*age+");
         else 
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "age*age");
       }else
         nagesqr=0;
       if (strlen(modelsav) >1){
         j=nbocc(modelsav,'+'); /**< j=Number of '+' */
         j1=nbocc(modelsav,'*'); /**< j1=Number of '*' */
         cptcovs=j+1-j1; /**<  Number of simple covariates V1+V1*age+V3 +V3*V4+age*age=> V1 + V3 =5-3=2  */
         cptcovt= j+1; /* Number of total covariates in the model, not including
                        * cst, age and age*age 
                        * V1+V1*age+ V3 + V3*V4+age*age=> 3+1=4*/
         /* including age products which are counted in cptcovage.
          * but the covariates which are products must be treated 
          * separately: ncovn=4- 2=2 (V1+V3). */
         cptcovprod=j1; /**< Number of products  V1*V2 +v3*age = 2 */
         cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age: V3*V4 =1  */
         
         
         /*   Design
          *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9 Weight
          *  <          ncovcol=8                >
          * Model V2 + V1 + V3*age + V3 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V8*age + V8
          *   k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8
          *  cptcovn number of covariates (not including constant and age ) = # of + plus 1 = 7+1=8
          *  covar[k,i], value of kth covariate if not including age for individual i:
          *       covar[1][i]= (V1), covar[4][i]=(V4), covar[8][i]=(V8)
          *  Tvar[k] # of the kth covariate:  Tvar[1]=2  Tvar[2]=1 Tvar[4]=3 Tvar[8]=8
          *       if multiplied by age: V3*age Tvar[3=V3*age]=3 (V3) Tvar[7]=8 and 
          *  Tage[++cptcovage]=k
          *       if products, new covar are created after ncovcol with k1
          *  Tvar[k]=ncovcol+k1; # of the kth covariate product:  Tvar[5]=ncovcol+1=10  Tvar[6]=ncovcol+1=11
          *  Tprod[k1]=k; Tprod[1]=5 Tprod[2]= 6; gives the position of the k1th product
          *  Tvard[k1][1]=m Tvard[k1][2]=m; Tvard[1][1]=5 (V5) Tvard[1][2]=6 Tvard[2][1]=7 (V7) Tvard[2][2]=8
          *  Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];
          *  Tvar[8+1]=5;Tvar[8+2]=6;Tvar[8+3]=7;Tvar[8+4]=8 inverted
          *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9  V10  V11
          *  <          ncovcol=8                >
          *       Model V2 + V1 + V3*age + V3 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V8*age + V8    d1   d1   d2  d2
          *          k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8    9   10   11  12
          *     Tvar[k]= 2    1      3       3    10      11      8        8    5    6    7   8
          * p Tvar[1]@12={2,   1,     3,      3,   11,     10,     8,       8,   7,   8,   5,  6}
          * p Tprod[1]@2={                         6, 5}
          *p Tvard[1][1]@4= {7, 8, 5, 6}
          * covar[k][i]= V2   V1      ?      V3    V5*V6?   V7*V8?  ?       V8   
          *  cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
          *How to reorganize?
          * Model V1 + V2 + V3 + V8 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V3*age + V8*age
          * Tvars {2,   1,     3,      3,   11,     10,     8,       8,   7,   8,   5,  6}
          *       {2,   1,     4,      8,    5,      6,     3,       7}
          * Struct []
          */
         
         /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
         /* j is the number of + signs in the model V1+V2+V3 j=2 i=3 to 1 */
         /*   modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4  */
         /*        k=4 (age*V3) Tvar[k=4]= 3 (from V3) Tage[cptcovage=1]=4 */
         /*        k=3 V4 Tvar[k=3]= 4 (from V4) */
         /*        k=2 V1 Tvar[k=2]= 1 (from V1) */
         /*        k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2) */
         /*        k=5 Tvar[5] */
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) { */
         /*        cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
         /*        } */
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[Tage[k])]]*cov[2]; */
         /*
          * Treating invertedly V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is as if written V2*V4 +V3*age + V1 + V2 */
         for(k=cptcovt; k>=1;k--){ /**< Number of covariates not including constant and age, neither age*age*/
           Tvar[k]=0; Tprod[k]=0; Tposprod[k]=0;
         }
         cptcovage=0;
         for(k=1; k<=cptcovt;k++){ /* Loop on total covariates of the model */
           cutl(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the first '+' 
                                            modelsav==V2+V1+V4+V3*age strb=V3*age stra=V2+V1+V4 */ 
           if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
           /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
           /*scanf("%d",i);*/
           if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /**< Model includes a product V2+V1+V4+V3*age strb=V3*age */
             cutl(strc,strd,strb,'*'); /**< strd*strc  Vm*Vn: strb=V3*age(input) strc=age strd=V3 ; V3*V2 strc=V2, strd=V3 */
             if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /**< Model includes age: Vn*age */
               /* covar is not filled and then is empty */
               cptcovprod--;
               cutl(stre,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd=V3(input): stre="3" */
               Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);  /* V2+V1+V4+V3*age Tvar[4]=3 ; V1+V2*age Tvar[2]=2; V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1 */
               Typevar[k]=1;  /* 1 for age product */
               cptcovage++; /* Sums the number of covariates which include age as a product */
               Tage[cptcovage]=k;  /* Tvar[4]=3, Tage[1] = 4 or V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1, Tage[1]=2 */
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
             } else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
               cptcovprod--;
               cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V');
               Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);
               Typevar[k]=1;  /* 1 for age product */
               cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=k;
             } else {  /* Age is not in the model product V2+V1+V1*V4+V3*age+V3*V2  strb=V3*V2*/
               /* loops on k1=1 (V3*V2) and k1=2 V4*V3 */
               cptcovn++;
               cptcovprodnoage++;k1++;
               cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n; strb=V3*V2 stre=3 strc=*/
               Tvar[k]=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv+k1; /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
                                                   because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
                                                   which is after existing variables ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv + k1
                                                   If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2
                                                   Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 Tvar[5=V3*V2]=4 + 2= 6, etc */
               Typevar[k]=2;  /* 2 for double fixed dummy covariates */
               cutl(strc,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
               Tprod[k1]=k;  /* Tprod[1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2  */
               Tposprod[k]=k1; /* Tpsprod[3]=1, Tposprod[2]=5 */
               Tvard[k1][1] =atoi(strc); /* m 1 for V1*/
               Tvard[k1][2] =atoi(stre); /* n 4 for V4*/
               k2=k2+2;  /* k2 is initialize to -1, We want to store the n and m in Vn*Vm at the end of Tvar */
               /* Tvar[cptcovt+k2]=Tvard[k1][1]; /\* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+k2=1)=5]= 1 (V1) *\/ */
               /* Tvar[cptcovt+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];  /\* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+(k2=1)+1)=6]= 4 (V4) *\/ */
               /*ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2, Tvar[3]=5, Tvar[4]=6, cptcovt=5 */
               /*                     1  2   3      4     5 | Tvar[5+1)=1, Tvar[7]=2   */
               for (i=1; i<=lastobs;i++){
                 /* Computes the new covariate which is a product of
                    covar[n][i]* covar[m][i] and stores it at ncovol+k1 May not be defined */
                 covar[ncovcol+k1][i]=covar[atoi(stre)][i]*covar[atoi(strc)][i];
               }
             } /* End age is not in the model */
           } /* End if model includes a product */
           else { /* no more sum */
             /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
             /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
             cutl(strd,strc,strb,'V');
             ks++; /**< Number of simple covariates dummy or quantitative, fixe or varying */
             cptcovn++; /** V4+V3+V5: V4 and V3 timevarying dummy covariates, V5 timevarying quantitative */
             Tvar[k]=atoi(strd);
             Typevar[k]=0;  /* 0 for simple covariates */
           }
           strcpy(modelsav,stra);  /* modelsav=V2+V1+V4 stra=V2+V1+V4 */ 
                                   /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
                                     scanf("%d",i);*/
         } /* end of loop + on total covariates */
       } /* end if strlen(modelsave == 0) age*age might exist */
     } /* end if strlen(model == 0) */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
     
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
        printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
        fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
        scanf("%d ",i);*/
   
   
   /* Until here, decodemodel knows only the grammar (simple, product, age*) of the model but not what kind
      of variable (dummy vs quantitative, fixed vs time varying) is behind. But we know the # of each. */
   /* ncovcol= 1, nqv=1 | ntv=2, nqtv= 1  = 5 possible variables data: 2 fixed 3, varying
      model=        V5 + V4 +V3 + V4*V3 + V5*age + V2 + V1*V2 + V1*age + V5*age, V1 is not used saving its place
      k =           1    2   3     4       5       6      7      8        9
      Tvar[k]=      5    4   3 1+1+2+1+1=6 5       2      7      1        5
      Typevar[k]=   0    0   0     2       1       0      2      1        1
      Fixed[k]      1    1   1     1       3       0    0 or 2   2        3
      Dummy[k]      1    0   0     0       3       1      1      2        3
             Tmodelind[combination of covar]=k;
   */  
   /* Dispatching between quantitative and time varying covariates */
     /* If Tvar[k] >ncovcol it is a product */
     /* Tvar[k] is the value n of Vn with n varying for 1 to nvcol, or p  Vp=Vn*Vm for product */
           /* Computing effective variables, ie used by the model, that is from the cptcovt variables */
     printf("Model=%s\n\
   Typevar: 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product \n\
   Fixed[k] 0=fixed (product or simple), 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product \n\
   Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product\n",model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Model=%s\n\
   Typevar: 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product \n\
   Fixed[k] 0=fixed (product or simple), 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product \n\
   Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product\n",model);
     for(k=-1;k<=cptcovt; k++){ Fixed[k]=0; Dummy[k]=0;}
     for(k=1, ncovf=0, nsd=0, nsq=0, ncovv=0, ncova=0, ncoveff=0, nqfveff=0, ntveff=0, nqtveff=0;k<=cptcovt; k++){ /* or cptocvt */
       if (Tvar[k] <=ncovcol && Typevar[k]==0 ){ /* Simple fixed dummy (<=ncovcol) covariates */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ncoveff++;
         ncovf++;
         nsd++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         TvarsD[nsd]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsDind[nsd]=k;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFD[ncoveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         TvarFDind[ncoveff]=k; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol &&  Typevar[k]==2){ /* Product of fixed dummy (<=ncovcol) covariates */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ncoveff++;
         ncovf++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFD[ncoveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         TvarFDind[ncoveff]=k; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv && Typevar[k]==0){/* Remind that product Vn*Vm are added in k Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 1;
         nqfveff++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= FQ;
         nsq++;
         TvarsQ[nsq]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsQind[nsq]=k;
         ncovf++;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFQ[nqfveff]=Tvar[k]-ncovcol; /* TvarFQ[1]=V2-1=1st in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
         TvarFQind[nqfveff]=k; /* TvarFQind[1]=6 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv && Typevar[k]==0){/* Only simple time varying dummy variables */
         Fixed[k]= 1;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ntveff++; /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= VD;
         nsd++;
         TvarsD[nsd]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsDind[nsd]=k;
         ncovv++; /* Only simple time varying variables */
         TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
         TvarVind[ncovv]=k; /* TvarVind[2]=2  TvarVind[3]=3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Any time varying singele */
         TvarVD[ntveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarVD[1]=V4  TvarVD[2]=V3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         TvarVDind[ntveff]=k; /* TvarVDind[1]=2 TvarVDind[2]=3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         printf("Quasi Tmodelind[%d]=%d,Tvar[Tmodelind[%d]]=V%d, ncovcol=%d, nqv=%d,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv=%d\n",ntveff,k,ntveff,Tvar[k], ncovcol, nqv,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv);
         printf("Quasi TmodelInvind[%d]=%d\n",k,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv);
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv  && Typevar[k]==0){ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable V5*/
         Fixed[k]= 1;
         Dummy[k]= 1;
         nqtveff++;
         modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= VQ;
         ncovv++; /* Only simple time varying variables */
         nsq++;
         TvarsQ[nsq]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsQind[nsq]=k;
         TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
         TvarVind[ncovv]=k; /* TvarVind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Any time varying singele */
         TvarVQ[nqtveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarVQ[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         TvarVQind[nqtveff]=k; /* TvarVQind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         TmodelInvQind[nqtveff]=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv;/* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         /* Tmodeliqind[k]=nqtveff;/\* Only simple time varying quantitative variable *\/ */
         printf("Quasi TmodelQind[%d]=%d,Tvar[TmodelQind[%d]]=V%d, ncovcol=%d, nqv=%d, ntv=%d,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv=%d\n",nqtveff,k,nqtveff,Tvar[k], ncovcol, nqv, ntv, Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv);
         printf("Quasi TmodelInvQind[%d]=%d\n",k,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv);
       }else if (Typevar[k] == 1) {  /* product with age */
         ncova++;
         TvarA[ncova]=Tvar[k];
         TvarAind[ncova]=k;
         if (Tvar[k] <=ncovcol ){ /* Product age with fixed dummy covariatee */
           Fixed[k]= 2;
           Dummy[k]= 2;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APFD;
           /* ncoveff++; */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv) { /* Remind that product Vn*Vm are added in k*/
           Fixed[k]= 2;
           Dummy[k]= 3;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APFQ;                /*      Product age * fixed quantitative */
           /* nqfveff++;  /\* Only simple fixed quantitative variable *\/ */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv ){
           Fixed[k]= 3;
           Dummy[k]= 2;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APVD;                /*      Product age * varying dummy */
           /* ntveff++; /\* Only simple time varying dummy variable *\/ */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
           Fixed[k]= 3;
           Dummy[k]= 3;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APVQ;                /*      Product age * varying quantitative */
           /* nqtveff++;/\* Only simple time varying quantitative variable *\/ */
         }
       }else if (Typevar[k] == 2) {  /* product without age */
         k1=Tposprod[k];
         if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDD;              /*      Product fixed dummy * fixed dummy */
             ncovf++; /* Fixed variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 0;  /* or 2 ?*/
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDQ;              /*      Product fixed dummy * fixed quantitative */
             ncovf++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product fixed dummy * varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product fixed dummy * varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 0;  /* or 2 ?*/
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * fixed dummy */
             ncovf++; /* Fixed variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product time varying dummy * fixed dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying dummy * fixed quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product time varying dummy * time varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying dummy * time varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * fixed dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * fixed quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * time varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * time varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }
         }else{
           printf("Error unknown type of covariate: Tvard[%d][1]=%d,Tvard[%d][2]=%d\n",k1,Tvard[k1][1],k1,Tvard[k1][2]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error unknown type of covariate: Tvard[%d][1]=%d,Tvard[%d][2]=%d\n",k1,Tvard[k1][1],k1,Tvard[k1][2]);
         } /*end k1*/
       }else{
         printf("Error, current version can't treat for performance reasons, Tvar[%d]=%d, Typevar[%d]=%d\n", k, Tvar[k], k, Typevar[k]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error, current version can't treat for performance reasons, Tvar[%d]=%d, Typevar[%d]=%d\n", k, Tvar[k], k, Typevar[k]);
       }
       printf("Decodemodel, k=%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d,Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",k, k,Tvar[k],Typevar[k],Fixed[k],Dummy[k]);
       printf("           modell[%d].maintype=%d, modell[%d].subtype=%d\n",k,modell[k].maintype,k,modell[k].subtype);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Decodemodel, k=%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d,Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",k, k,Tvar[k],Typevar[k],Fixed[k],Dummy[k]);
     }
     /* Searching for doublons in the model */
     for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt;k1++){
       for(k2=1; k2 <k1;k2++){
         /* if((Typevar[k1]==Typevar[k2]) && (Fixed[Tvar[k1]]==Fixed[Tvar[k2]]) && (Dummy[Tvar[k1]]==Dummy[Tvar[k2]] )){ */
         if((Typevar[k1]==Typevar[k2]) && (Fixed[k1]==Fixed[k2]) && (Dummy[k1]==Dummy[k2] )){
           if((Typevar[k1] == 0 || Typevar[k1] == 1)){ /* Simple or age product */
             if(Tvar[k1]==Tvar[k2]){
               printf("Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n", model, k1,k2, k1, Tvar[k1], k2, Tvar[k2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[k1],Dummy[k1]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n", model, k1,k2, k1, Tvar[k1], k2, Tvar[k2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[k1],Dummy[k1]); fflush(ficlog);
               return(1);
             }
           }else if (Typevar[k1] ==2){
             k3=Tposprod[k1];
             k4=Tposprod[k2];
             if( ((Tvard[k3][1]== Tvard[k4][1])&&(Tvard[k3][2]== Tvard[k4][2])) || ((Tvard[k3][1]== Tvard[k4][2])&&(Tvard[k3][2]== Tvard[k4][1])) ){
               printf("Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, V%d*V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",model, k1,k2, Tvard[k3][1], Tvard[k3][2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, V%d*V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",model, k1,k2, Tvard[k3][1], Tvard[k3][2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]); fflush(ficlog);
               return(1);
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }
     printf("ncoveff=%d, nqfveff=%d, ntveff=%d, nqtveff=%d, cptcovn=%d\n",ncoveff,nqfveff,ntveff,nqtveff,cptcovn);
     fprintf(ficlog,"ncoveff=%d, nqfveff=%d, ntveff=%d, nqtveff=%d, cptcovn=%d\n",ncoveff,nqfveff,ntveff,nqtveff,cptcovn);
     printf("ncovf=%d, ncovv=%d, ncova=%d, nsd=%d, nsq=%d\n",ncovf,ncovv,ncova,nsd,nsq);
     fprintf(ficlog,"ncovf=%d, ncovv=%d, ncova=%d, nsd=%d, nsq=%d\n",ncovf,ncovv,ncova,nsd, nsq);
     return (0); /* with covar[new additional covariate if product] and Tage if age */ 
     /*endread:*/
     printf("Exiting decodemodel: ");
     return (1);
   }
   
   int calandcheckages(int imx, int maxwav, double *agemin, double *agemax, int *nberr, int *nbwarn )
   {/* Check ages at death */
     int i, m;
     int firstone=0;
     
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           if (s[m][i] != -2) /* Keeping initial status of unknown vital status */
             s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           *nberr = *nberr + 1;
           if(firstone == 0){
             firstone=1;
           printf("Warning (#%d)! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown but status is a death state %d at wave %d. If you don't know the vital status, please enter -2. If he/she is still alive but don't know the state, please code with '-1 or '.'. Here, we do not believe in a death, skipped.\nOther similar cases in log file\n", *nberr,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i,s[m][i],m);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning (#%d)! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown but status is a death state %d at wave %d. If you don't know the vital status, please enter -2. If he/she is still alive but don't know the state, please code with '-1 or '.'. Here, we do not believe in a death, skipped.\n", *nberr,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i,s[m][i],m);
           s[m][i]=-1;  /* Droping the death status */
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           (*nberr)++;
           printf("Error (#%d)! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown (%2d) (year of death is %4d) and status is a death state %d at wave %d. Please impute an arbitrary (or not) month and rerun. Currently this transition to death will be skipped (status is set to -2).\nOther similar cases in log file\n", *nberr, num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],s[m][i],m);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error (#%d)! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown (%2d) (year of death is %4d) and status is a death state %d at wave %d. Please impute an arbitrary (or not) month and rerun. Currently this transition to death will be skipped (status is set to -2).\n", *nberr, num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],s[m][i],m);
           s[m][i]=-2; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0  || s[m][i]==-1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){ /* What if s[m][i]=-1 */
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0){
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999){
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
                 /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               }else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
             } /* agedc > 0 */
           } /* end if */
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] < *agemin){ 
               *agemin=agev[m][i];
               printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], *agemin);
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >*agemax){
               *agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" Max anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], *agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           } /* en if 9*/
           else { /* =9 */
             /* printf("Debug num[%d]=%ld s[%d][%d]=%d\n",i,num[i], m,i, s[m][i]); */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else if(s[m][i]==0) /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
         else{
           printf("Warning, num[%d]=%ld, s[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, num[i], m, i,s[m][i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog, "Warning, num[%d]=%ld, s[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, num[i], m, i,s[m][i]); 
           agev[m][i]=0;
         }
       } /* End for lastpass */
     }
       
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           (*nberr)++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           return 1;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, *agemin, *agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, *agemin, *agemax); 
   
     return (0);
    /* endread:*/
       printf("Exiting calandcheckages: ");
       return (1);
   }
   
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
   /*printf("Visual C++ compiler: %s \n;", _MSC_FULL_VER);*/
   /*fprintf(ficlog, "Visual C++ compiler: %s \n;", _MSC_FULL_VER);*/
   //#include "stdafx.h"
   //#include <stdio.h>
   //#include <tchar.h>
   //#include <windows.h>
   //#include <iostream>
   typedef BOOL(WINAPI *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS) (HANDLE, PBOOL);
   
   LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;
   
   BOOL IsWow64()
   {
           BOOL bIsWow64 = FALSE;
   
           //typedef BOOL (APIENTRY *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS)
           //  (HANDLE, PBOOL);
   
           //LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;
   
           HMODULE module = GetModuleHandle(_T("kernel32"));
           const char funcName[] = "IsWow64Process";
           fnIsWow64Process = (LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS)
                   GetProcAddress(module, funcName);
   
           if (NULL != fnIsWow64Process)
           {
                   if (!fnIsWow64Process(GetCurrentProcess(),
                           &bIsWow64))
                           //throw std::exception("Unknown error");
                           printf("Unknown error\n");
           }
           return bIsWow64 != FALSE;
   }
   #endif
   
   void syscompilerinfo(int logged)
   {
   #include <stdint.h>
   
     /* #include "syscompilerinfo.h"*/
      /* command line Intel compiler 32bit windows, XP compatible:*/
      /* /GS /W3 /Gy
         /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O2 /Fd"Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D
         "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_USING_V110_SDK71_" /D "_UNICODE" /D
         "UNICODE" /Qipo /Zc:forScope /Gd /Oi /MT /Fa"Release\" /EHsc /nologo
         /Fo"Release\" /Qprof-dir "Release\" /Fp"Release\IMaCh.pch"
      */ 
      /* 64 bits */
      /*
        /GS /W3 /Gy
        /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O2 /Fd"x64\Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG"
        /D "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_UNICODE" /D "UNICODE" /Qipo /Zc:forScope
        /Oi /MD /Fa"x64\Release\" /EHsc /nologo /Fo"x64\Release\" /Qprof-dir
        "x64\Release\" /Fp"x64\Release\IMaCh.pch" */
      /* Optimization are useless and O3 is slower than O2 */
      /*
        /GS /W3 /Gy /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O3 /Fd"x64\Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" 
        /D "NDEBUG" /D "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_UNICODE" /D "UNICODE" /Qipo 
        /Zc:forScope /Oi /MD /Fa"x64\Release\" /EHsc /nologo /Qparallel 
        /Fo"x64\Release\" /Qprof-dir "x64\Release\" /Fp"x64\Release\IMaCh.pch" 
      */
      /* Link is */ /* /OUT:"visual studio
         2013\Projects\IMaCh\Release\IMaCh.exe" /MANIFEST /NXCOMPAT
         /PDB:"visual studio
         2013\Projects\IMaCh\Release\IMaCh.pdb" /DYNAMICBASE
         "kernel32.lib" "user32.lib" "gdi32.lib" "winspool.lib"
         "comdlg32.lib" "advapi32.lib" "shell32.lib" "ole32.lib"
         "oleaut32.lib" "uuid.lib" "odbc32.lib" "odbccp32.lib"
         /MACHINE:X86 /OPT:REF /SAFESEH /INCREMENTAL:NO
         /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE",5.01" /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker'
         uiAccess='false'"
         /ManifestFile:"Release\IMaCh.exe.intermediate.manifest" /OPT:ICF
         /NOLOGO /TLBID:1
      */
   
   
   #if defined __INTEL_COMPILER
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
           struct utsname sysInfo;  /* For Intel on Linux and OS/X */
   #endif
   #elif defined(__GNUC__) 
   #ifndef  __APPLE__
   #include <gnu/libc-version.h>  /* Only on gnu */
   #endif
      struct utsname sysInfo;
      int cross = CROSS;
      if (cross){
              printf("Cross-");
              if(logged) fprintf(ficlog, "Cross-");
      }
   #endif
   
      printf("Compiled with:");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog,"Compiled with:");
   #if defined(__clang__)
      printf(" Clang/LLVM");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Clang/LLVM");       /* Clang/LLVM. ---------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__ICC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
      printf(" Intel ICC/ICPC");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Intel ICC/ICPC");/* Intel ICC/ICPC. ------------------------------------------ */
   #endif
   #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
      printf(" GNU GCC/G++");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," GNU GCC/G++");/* GNU GCC/G++. --------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__HP_cc) || defined(__HP_aCC)
      printf(" Hewlett-Packard C/aC++");if(logged)fprintf(fcilog," Hewlett-Packard C/aC++"); /* Hewlett-Packard C/aC++. ---------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__IBMC__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
      printf(" IBM XL C/C++"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," IBM XL C/C++");/* IBM XL C/C++. -------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      printf(" Microsoft Visual Studio");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Microsoft Visual Studio");/* Microsoft Visual Studio. --------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__PGI)
      printf(" Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP");/* Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP. ------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__SUNPRO_C) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
      printf(" Oracle Solaris Studio");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Oracle Solaris Studio\n");/* Oracle Solaris Studio. ----------------------------------- */
   #endif
      printf(" for "); if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, " for ");
      
   // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4605842/how-to-identify-platform-compiler-from-preprocessor-macros
   #ifdef _WIN32 // note the underscore: without it, it's not msdn official!
       // Windows (x64 and x86)
      printf("Windows (x64 and x86) ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Windows (x64 and x86) ");
   #elif __unix__ // all unices, not all compilers
       // Unix
      printf("Unix ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Unix ");
   #elif __linux__
       // linux
      printf("linux ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"linux ");
   #elif __APPLE__
       // Mac OS, not sure if this is covered by __posix__ and/or __unix__ though..
      printf("Mac OS ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Mac OS ");
   #endif
   
   /*  __MINGW32__   */
   /*  __CYGWIN__   */
   /* __MINGW64__  */
   // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/b0084kay.aspx
   /* _MSC_VER  //the Visual C++ compiler is 17.00.51106.1, the _MSC_VER macro evaluates to 1700. Type cl /?  */
   /* _MSC_FULL_VER //the Visual C++ compiler is 15.00.20706.01, the _MSC_FULL_VER macro evaluates to 150020706 */
   /* _WIN64  // Defined for applications for Win64. */
   /* _M_X64 // Defined for compilations that target x64 processors. */
   /* _DEBUG // Defined when you compile with /LDd, /MDd, and /MTd. */
   
   #if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffff
      printf(" 32-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," 32-bit");/* 32-bit */
   #elif UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffffffffffff
      printf(" 64-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," 64-bit");/* 64-bit */
   #else
      printf(" wtf-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," wtf-bit");/* wtf */
   #endif
   
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
   # if defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
   #  define __GNUC_VERSION__ (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 \
                               + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
   # else
   #  define __GNUC_VERSION__ (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100)
   # endif
      printf(" using GNU C version %d.\n", __GNUC_VERSION__);
      if(logged) fprintf(ficlog, " using GNU C version %d.\n", __GNUC_VERSION__);
   
      if (uname(&sysInfo) != -1) {
        printf("Running on: %s %s %s %s %s\n",sysInfo.sysname, sysInfo.nodename, sysInfo.release, sysInfo.version, sysInfo.machine);
            if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Running on: %s %s %s %s %s\n ",sysInfo.sysname, sysInfo.nodename, sysInfo.release, sysInfo.version, sysInfo.machine);
      }
      else
         perror("uname() error");
      //#ifndef __INTEL_COMPILER 
   #if !defined (__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(__APPLE__)
      printf("GNU libc version: %s\n", gnu_get_libc_version()); 
      if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"GNU libc version: %s\n", gnu_get_libc_version());
   #endif
   #endif
   
      //   void main ()
      //   {
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      if (IsWow64()){
              printf("\nThe program (probably compiled for 32bit) is running under WOW64 (64bit) emulation.\n");
              if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, "\nThe program (probably compiled for 32bit) is running under WOW64 (64bit) emulation.\n");
      }
      else{
              printf("\nThe program is not running under WOW64 (i.e probably on a 64bit Windows).\n");
              if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, "\nThe programm is not running under WOW64 (i.e probably on a 64bit Windows).\n");
      }
      //      printf("\nPress Enter to continue...");
      //      getchar();
      //   }
   
   #endif
      
   
   }
   
   int prevalence_limit(double *p, double **prlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp){
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (forward period or forward stable prevalence) --------------*/
     int i, j, k, i1, k4=0, nres=0 ;
     /* double ftolpl = 1.e-10; */
     double age, agebase, agelim;
     double tot;
   
     strcpy(filerespl,"PL_");
     strcat(filerespl,fileresu);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forward period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forward period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
     }
     printf("\nComputing forward period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing forward period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     pstamp(ficrespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"# Forward period (stable) prevalence. Precision given by ftolpl=%g \n", ftolpl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
   
     /* i1=pow(2,ncoveff); */
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For each combination k of dummy covariates in the model */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
   
         /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
         /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=1;cptcov++){ */
         //for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         /* k=k+1; */
         /* to clean */
         //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
         fprintf(ficrespl,"#******");
         printf("#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff ;j++) {/* all covariates */
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); /* Here problem for varying dummy*/
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
           printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficrespl,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"\nCombination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
   
         fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
         fprintf(ficrespl,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
       
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k, nres);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           tot=0.;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             tot +=  prlim[i][i];
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
         } /* Age */
         /* was end of cptcod */
       } /* cptcov */
     } /* nres */
     return 0;
   }
   
   int back_prevalence_limit(double *p, double **bprlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass, int mobilavproj){
           /*--------------- Back Prevalence limit  (backward stable prevalence) --------------*/
           
           /* Computes the back prevalence limit  for any combination      of covariate values 
      * at any age between ageminpar and agemaxpar
            */
     int i, j, k, i1, nres=0 ;
     /* double ftolpl = 1.e-10; */
     double age, agebase, agelim;
     double tot;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     /* double      **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm;  /\* for use *\/ */
   
     strcpy(fileresplb,"PLB_");
     strcat(fileresplb,fileresu);
     if((ficresplb=fopen(fileresplb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with backward prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresplb);return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with backward prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresplb);return 1;
     }
     printf("Computing backward prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", fileresplb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing backward prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", fileresplb);
     pstamp(ficresplb);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"# Backward prevalence. Precision given by ftolpl=%g \n", ftolpl);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficresplb,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"\n");
     
     
     /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
     
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     
     
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
        if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
         fprintf(ficresplb,"#******");
         printf("#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff ;j++) {/* all covariates */
           fprintf(ficresplb," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficresplb," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresplb,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
           printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficresplb,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
       
         fprintf(ficresplb,"#Age ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresplb,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficresplb,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
         fprintf(ficresplb,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
       
       
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
           if(mobilavproj > 0){
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, ageminpar, agemaxpar, oldm, savm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k, nres);
           }else if (mobilavproj == 0){
             printf("There is no chance to get back prevalence limit if data aren't non zero and summing to 1, please try a non null mobil_average(=%d) parameter or mobil_average=-1 if you want to try at your own risk.\n",mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"There is no chance to get back prevalence limit if data aren't non zero and summing to 1, please try a non null mobil_average(=%d) parameter or mobil_average=-1 if you want to try at your own risk.\n",mobilavproj);
             exit(1);
           }else{
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, probs, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             bprevalim(bprlim, probs, nlstate, p, age, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k,nres);
             /* printf("TOTOT\n"); */
             /* exit(1); */
           }
           fprintf(ficresplb,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficresplb,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           tot=0.;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             tot +=  bprlim[i][i];
             fprintf(ficresplb," %.5f", bprlim[i][i]);
           }
           fprintf(ficresplb," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
         } /* Age */
         /* was end of cptcod */
         /*fprintf(ficresplb,"\n");*/ /* Seems to be necessary for gnuplot only if two result lines and no covariate. */
       } /* end of any combination */
     } /* end of nres */  
     /* hBijx(p, bage, fage); */
     /* fclose(ficrespijb); */
     
     return 0;
   }
    
   int hPijx(double *p, int bage, int fage){
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
   
     int stepsize;
     int agelim;
     int hstepm;
     int nhstepm;
     int h, i, i1, j, k, k4, nres=0;
   
     double agedeb;
     double ***p3mat;
   
       strcpy(filerespij,"PIJ_");  strcat(filerespij,fileresu);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij); return 1;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij); return 1;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
                   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
       pstamp(ficrespij);
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
                   /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
                   /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
                   /*      k=k+1;  */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficrespij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
         
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
           
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
           
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k, nres);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             /*agedebphstep = agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm;*/
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
         /*}*/
       }
       return 0;
   }
    
    int hBijx(double *p, int bage, int fage, double ***prevacurrent){
       /*------------- h Bij x at various ages ------------*/
   
     int stepsize;
     /* int agelim; */
           int ageminl;
     int hstepm;
     int nhstepm;
     int h, i, i1, j, k, nres;
           
     double agedeb;
     double ***p3mat;
           
     strcpy(filerespijb,"PIJB_");  strcat(filerespijb,fileresu);
     if((ficrespijb=fopen(filerespijb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij back resultfile: %s\n", filerespijb); return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij back resultfile: %s\n", filerespijb); return 1;
     }
     printf("Computing pij back: result on file '%s' \n", filerespijb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij back: result on file '%s' \n", filerespijb);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
     
     /* agelim=AGESUP; */
     ageminl=AGEINF; /* was 30 */
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */
     
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
     pstamp(ficrespijb);
     fprintf(ficrespijb,"#****** h Bij x Back probability to be in state i at age x-h being in j at x: B1j+B2j+...=1 ");
     i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
     /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
     /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
     /*    k=k+1;  */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficrespijb," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespijb,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){  /* Is it necessary here? */
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
         
         /* for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /\* If stepm=6 months *\/ */
         for (agedeb=bage; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){ /* If stepm=6 months and estepm=24 (2 years) */
           /* nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /\* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 *\/ */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agedeb-ageminl)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10, because estepm=24 stepm=6 => hstepm=24/6=4 */
           
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
           
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); /* We can't have it at an upper level because of nhstepm */
           /* and memory limitations if stepm is small */
   
           /* oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
           /* hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
           hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm, k, nres);
           /* hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, k); */
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"# Cov Agex agex-h hbijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespijb," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             /*agedebphstep = agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm;*/
             fprintf(ficrespijb,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb - h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             /* fprintf(ficrespijb,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ); */
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespijb," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
         } /* end age deb */
       } /* end combination */
     } /* end nres */
     return 0;
    } /*  hBijx */
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
   #ifdef GSL
     const gsl_multimin_fminimizer_type *T;
     size_t iteri = 0, it;
     int rval = GSL_CONTINUE;
     int status = GSL_SUCCESS;
     double ssval;
   #endif
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, iter=0,m,size=100, cptcod; /* Suppressing because nobs */
     /* int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter=0,m,size=100, cptcod; */
     int ncvyear=0; /* Number of years needed for the period prevalence to converge */
     int jj, ll, li, lj, lk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     int num_filled;
     int itimes;
     int NDIM=2;
     int vpopbased=0;
     int nres=0;
     int endishere=0;
     int noffset=0;
     int ncurrv=0; /* Temporary variable */
     
     char ca[32], cb[32];
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     struct stat info;
     double agedeb=0.;
   
     double ageminpar=AGEOVERFLOW,agemin=AGEOVERFLOW, agemaxpar=-AGEOVERFLOW, agemax=-AGEOVERFLOW;
     double ageminout=-AGEOVERFLOW,agemaxout=AGEOVERFLOW; /* Smaller Age range redefined after movingaverage */
   
     double fret;
     double dum=0.; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
   
     char line[MAXLINE];
     char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE];
   
     char  modeltemp[MAXLINE];
     char resultline[MAXLINE];
     
     char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE]; 
     char *tok, *val; /* pathtot */
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10; /* nobs = lastobs-firstobs declared globally ;*/
     int c,  h , cpt, c2;
     int jl=0;
     int i1, j1, jk, stepsize=0;
     int count=0;
   
     int *tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int backcast=0; /* defined as global for mlikeli and mle*/
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm=0, nhstepm=0;
     int agemortsup;
     float  sumlpop=0.;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage=0, fage=110., age, agelim=0., agebase=0.;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double **bprlim;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double ***paramstart; /* Matrix of starting parameter values */
     double  *p, *pstart; /* p=param[1][1] pstart is for starting values guessed by freqsummary */
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double **hess; /* Hessian matrix */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
   
     double *epj, vepp;
   
     double dateprev1, dateprev2;
     double jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000, dateproj1=0, dateproj2=0;
     double jback1=1,mback1=1,anback1=2000,jback2=1,mback2=1,anback2=2000, dateback1=0, dateback2=0;
   
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4]="1234";
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c";
   
     /*char  *strt;*/
     char strtend[80];
   
   
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     rstart_time = time(NULL);  
     /*  (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);*/
     start_time = *localtime(&rstart_time);
     curr_time=start_time;
     /*tml = *localtime(&start_time.tm_sec);*/
     /* strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tml)); */
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&start_time));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tm_sec = tp.tm_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tm_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tm_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
   #ifdef WIN32
     _getcwd(pathcd, size);
   #else
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   #endif
     syscompilerinfo(0);
     printf("\nIMaCh version %s, %s\n%s",version, copyright, fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       if(!fgets(pathr,FILENAMELENGTH,stdin)){
         printf("ERROR Empty parameter file name\n");
         goto end;
       }
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(pathr[i-1]=='\n')
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(i >= 1 && pathr[i-1]==' ') {/* This may happen when dragging on oS/X! */
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
       }
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if( i==0 ){
         printf("ERROR Empty parameter file name\n");
         goto end;
       }
       for (tok = pathr; tok != NULL; ){
         printf("Pathr |%s|\n",pathr);
         while ((val = strsep(&tok, "\"" )) != NULL && *val == '\0');
         printf("val= |%s| pathr=%s\n",val,pathr);
         strcpy (pathtot, val);
         if(pathr[0] == '\0') break; /* Dirty */
       }
     }
     else if (argc<=2){
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
       strcpy(z,argv[2]);
       printf("\nargv[2]=%s z=%c\n",argv[2],z[0]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     /* Split argv[0], imach program to get pathimach */
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s argv[1]=%s, \n",argv[0],argv[1]);
     split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s pathimach=%s, \noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
    /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
     /* Split argv[1]=pathtot, parameter file name to get path, optionfile, extension and name */
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\npathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   #ifdef WIN32
     _chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
   #else
     chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
   #endif
     printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Directory already exists (or can't create it) %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Main Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Version %s %s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname='%s'\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     syscompilerinfo(1);
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tm_sec-start_time.tm_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileresu, optionfilefiname); /* Without r in front */
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
     strcat(fileresu,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /* Main ---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",optionfile,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",optionfile,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       /* goto end; */
       exit(70); 
     }
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileresu);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
         /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name */
     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", rfileres);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", rfileres);goto end;
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"#IMaCh %s\n",version);
   
                                         
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     /* Is it a BOM UTF-8 Windows file? */
     /* First parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       noffset=0;
       if( line[0] == (char)0xEF && line[1] == (char)0xBB) /* EF BB BF */
       {
         noffset=noffset+3;
         printf("# File is an UTF8 Bom.\n"); // 0xBF
       }
       else if( line[0] == (char)0xFE && line[1] == (char)0xFF)
       {
         noffset=noffset+2;
         printf("# File is an UTF16BE BOM file\n");
       }
       else if( line[0] == 0 && line[1] == 0)
       {
         if( line[2] == (char)0xFE && line[3] == (char)0xFF){
           noffset=noffset+4;
           printf("# File is an UTF16BE BOM file\n");
         }
       } else{
         ;/*printf(" Not a BOM file\n");*/
       }
     
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
       if (line[noffset] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficres);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", \
                           title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 5) {
         printf("Should be 5 parameters\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"Should be 5 parameters\n");
       }
       numlinepar++;
       printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
       fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
       fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
     }
     /* Second parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       /* while(fscanf(ficpar,"%[^\n]", line)) { */
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment. Strangely fgets reads the EOL and fputs doesn't */
       if (line[0] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         printf("%s",line);
         fprintf(ficres,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",line);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"ftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n", \
                           &ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nqv, &ntv, &nqtv, &nlstate, &ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 11) {
         printf("Not 11 parameters, for example:ftol=1.e-8 stepm=12 ncovcol=2 nqv=1 ntv=2 nqtv=1  nlstate=2 ndeath=1 maxwav=3 mle=1 weight=1\n");
         printf("but line=%s\n",line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Not 11 parameters, for example:ftol=1.e-8 stepm=12 ncovcol=2 nqv=1 ntv=2 nqtv=1  nlstate=2 ndeath=1 maxwav=3 mle=1 weight=1\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"but line=%s\n",line);
       }
       if( lastpass > maxwav){
         printf("Error (lastpass = %d) > (maxwav = %d)\n",lastpass, maxwav);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error (lastpass = %d) > (maxwav = %d)\n",lastpass, maxwav);
         fflush(ficlog);
         goto end;
       }
         printf("ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
       fprintf(ficparo,"ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
       fprintf(ficres,"ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, 0, weightopt);
       fprintf(ficlog,"ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
     }
     /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
     /*ftolpl=6.e-4; *//* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
     /* Third parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
       if (line[0] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         printf("%s",line);
         fprintf(ficres,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",line);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"model=1+age%[^.\n]", model)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 1){
         printf("ERROR %d: Model should be at minimum 'model=1+age' %s\n",num_filled, line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR %d: Model should be at minimum 'model=1+age' %s\n",num_filled, line);
         model[0]='\0';
         goto end;
       }
       else{
         if (model[0]=='+'){
           for(i=1; i<=strlen(model);i++)
             modeltemp[i-1]=model[i];
           strcpy(model,modeltemp); 
         }
       }
       /* printf(" model=1+age%s modeltemp= %s, model=%s\n",model, modeltemp, model);fflush(stdout); */
       printf("model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficparo,"model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficres,"model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
     }
     /* fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=1+age+%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model); */
     /* numlinepar=numlinepar+3; /\* In general *\/ */
     /* printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
     /* fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
     /* fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
     fflush(ficlog);
     /* if(model[0]=='#'|| model[0]== '\0'){ */
     if(model[0]=='#'){
       printf("Error in 'model' line: model should start with 'model=1+age+' and end without space \n \
    'model=1+age+' or 'model=1+age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age' or \n \
    'model=1+age+V1+V2' or 'model=1+age+V1+V2+V1*V2' etc. \n");            \
       if(mle != -1){
         printf("Fix the model line and run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter vectors and subdiagonal covariance matrix.\n");
         exit(1);
       }
     }
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       if(line[1]=='q'){ /* This #q will quit imach (the answer is q) */
         z[0]=line[1];
       }
       /* printf("****line [1] = %c \n",line[1]); */
       fputs(line, stdout);
       //puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,firstobs,lastobs);  /**< used in readdata */
     if(nqv>=1)coqvar=matrix(1,nqv,firstobs,lastobs);  /**< Fixed quantitative covariate */
     if(nqtv>=1)cotqvar=ma3x(1,maxwav,1,nqtv,firstobs,lastobs);  /**< Time varying quantitative covariate */
     if(ntv+nqtv>=1)cotvar=ma3x(1,maxwav,1,ntv+nqtv,firstobs,lastobs);  /**< Time varying covariate (dummy and quantitative)*/
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement plus one, indepently of n in Vn*/
     /* v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes cptcovn = 5
        v1+v2*age+v2*v3 makes cptcovn = 3
     */
     if (strlen(model)>1) 
       ncovmodel=2+nbocc(model,'+')+1; /*Number of variables including intercept and age = cptcovn + intercept + age : v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes 5+2=7,age*age makes 3*/
     else
       ncovmodel=2; /* Constant and age */
     nforce= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate; /* Number of forces ij from state i to j */
     npar= nforce*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters like aij*/
     if(npar >MAXPARM || nlstate >NLSTATEMAX || ndeath >NDEATHMAX || ncovmodel>NCOVMAX){
       printf("Too complex model for current IMaCh: npar=(nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel=%d >= %d(MAXPARM) or nlstate=%d >= %d(NLSTATEMAX) or ndeath=%d >= %d(NDEATHMAX) or ncovmodel=(k+age+#of+signs)=%d(NCOVMAX) >= %d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Too complex model for current IMaCh: %d >=%d(MAXPARM) or %d >=%d(NLSTATEMAX) or %d >=%d(NDEATHMAX) or %d(NCOVMAX) >=%d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fflush(stdout);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
   /* We could also provide initial parameters values giving by simple logistic regression 
    * only one way, that is without matrix product. We will have nlstate maximizations */
         /* for(i=1;i<nlstate;i++){ */
         /*        /\*reducing xi for 1 to npar to 1 to ncovmodel; *\/ */
         /*    mlikeli(ficres,p, ncovmodel, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, funcnoprod); */
         /* } */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You chose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You chose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
       exit(0);
     }  else if(mle==-5) { /* Main Wizard */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You chose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You chose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }  else{ /* Begin of mle != -1 or -5 */
       /* Read guessed parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       paramstart= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
             ungetc(c,ficpar);
             fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
             numlinepar++;
             fputs(line,stdout);
             fputs(line,ficparo);
             fputs(line,ficlog);
           }
           ungetc(c,ficpar);
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) || (j1 != jj)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n \
   It might be a problem of design; if ncovcol and the model are correct\n \
   run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,jj);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,jj);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Reads parameters values */
       p=param[1][1];
       pstart=paramstart[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ( (i1-i) * (j1-j) != 0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Reads covariance matrix */
       delti=delti3[1][1];
                   
                   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
                   
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
                   
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=1; j <=npar; j++) matcov[i][j]=0.;
                   
       /* Scans npar lines */
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         count=fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d%d",&i1,&j1,&jk);
         if(count != 3){
           printf("Error! Error in parameter file %s at line %d after line starting with %1d%1d%1d\n\
   This is probably because your covariance matrix doesn't \n  contain exactly %d lines corresponding to your model line '1+age+%s'.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",optionfile,numlinepar, i1,j1,jk, npar, model);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Error in parameter file %s at line %d after line starting with %1d%1d%1d\n\
   This is probably because your covariance matrix doesn't \n  contain exactly %d lines corresponding to your model line '1+age+%s'.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",optionfile,numlinepar, i1,j1,jk, npar, model);
           exit(1);
         }else{
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         }
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
                                   printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       /* End of read covariance matrix npar lines */
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
     
     /*  Main data
      */
     nobs=lastobs-firstobs+1; /* was = lastobs;*/
     /* num=lvector(1,n); */
     /* moisnais=vector(1,n); */
     /* annais=vector(1,n); */
     /* moisdc=vector(1,n); */
     /* andc=vector(1,n); */
     /* weight=vector(1,n); */
     /* agedc=vector(1,n); */
     /* cod=ivector(1,n); */
     /* for(i=1;i<=n;i++){ */
     num=lvector(firstobs,lastobs);
     moisnais=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     annais=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     moisdc=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     andc=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     weight=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     agedc=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
     cod=ivector(firstobs,lastobs);
     for(i=firstobs;i<=lastobs;i++){
       num[i]=0;
       moisnais[i]=0;
       annais[i]=0;
       moisdc[i]=0;
       andc[i]=0;
       agedc[i]=0;
       cod[i]=0;
       weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     }
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,firstobs,lastobs);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,firstobs,lastobs);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,firstobs,lastobs); /* s[i][j] health state for wave i and individual j */ 
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Number of code per covariate; if O and 1 only, 2**ncov; V1+V2+V3+V4=>16 */
     ncodemaxwundef=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Number of code per covariate; if - 1 O and 1 only, 2**ncov; V1+V2+V3+V4=>16 */
   
     /* Reads data from file datafile */
     if (readdata(datafile, firstobs, lastobs, &imx)==1)
       goto end;
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameters from char model */
     /*    modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4 
           k=4 (age*V3) Tvar[k=4]= 3 (from V3) Tag[cptcovage=1]=4
           k=3 V4 Tvar[k=3]= 4 (from V4)
           k=2 V1 Tvar[k=2]= 1 (from V1)
           k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2)
     */
     
     Tvar=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Was 15 changed to NCOVMAX. */
     TvarsDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarF=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarA=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarAind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
   
     Tvalsel=vector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     Tvarsel=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     Typevar=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 2 */
     Fixed=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 3 */
     Dummy=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 3 */
     /*  V2+V1+V4+age*V3 is a model with 4 covariates (3 plus signs). 
         For each model-covariate stores the data-covariate id. Tvar[1]=2, Tvar[2]=1, Tvar[3]=4, 
         Tvar[4=age*V3] is 3 and 'age' is recorded in Tage.
     */
     /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
       because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
       ncovcol + k1
       If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
       Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 etc */
     Tprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the k position of the k1 product */
     Tposprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the k1 product from the k position */
     /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
        if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2)
        Tposprod[k]=k1 , Tposprod[3]=1, Tposprod[5]=2 
     */
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Unclear */
     Tvard=imatrix(1,NCOVMAX,1,2); /* n=Tvard[k1][1]  and m=Tvard[k1][2] gives the couple n,m of the k1 th product Vn*Vm
                               * For V3*V2 (in V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2), V3*V2 position is 2nd. 
                               * Tvard[k1=2][1]=3 (V3) Tvard[k1=2][2]=2(V2) */
     Tage=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the covariate id of covariates associated with age: V2 + V1 + age*V4 + V3*age
                            4 covariates (3 plus signs)
                            Tage[1=V3*age]= 4; Tage[2=age*V4] = 3
                         */  
     Tmodelind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);/** gives the k model position of an
                                   * individual dummy, fixed or varying:
                                   * Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9,Tvaraff[1]@9={4,
                                   * 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                                   * model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 , 
                                   * V1 df, V2 qf, V3 & V4 dv, V5 qv
                                   * Tmodelind[1]@9={9,0,3,2,}*/
     TmodelInvind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* TmodelInvind=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv={5-2-1=2,*/
     TmodelInvQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);/** gives the k model position of an
                                   * individual quantitative, fixed or varying:
                                   * Tmodelqind[1]=1,Tvaraff[1]@9={4,
                                   * 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                                   * model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/
   /* Main decodemodel */
   
   
     if(decodemodel(model, lastobs) == 1) /* In order to get Tvar[k] V4+V3+V5 p Tvar[1]@3  = {4, 3, 5}*/
       goto end;
   
     if((double)(lastobs-imx)/(double)imx > 1.10){
       nbwarn++;
       printf("Warning: The value of parameter lastobs=%d is big compared to the \n  effective number of cases imx=%d, please adjust, \n  otherwise you are allocating more memory than necessary.\n",lastobs, imx); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: The value of parameter lastobs=%d is big compared to the \n  effective number of cases imx=%d, please adjust, \n  otherwise you are allocating more memory than necessary.\n",lastobs, imx); 
     }
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights. We can have weights different from 1 but want no weight*/
       for(i=1;i<=imx;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* changed to imx */
     }
   
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     if(calandcheckages(imx, maxwav, &agemin, &agemax, &nberr, &nbwarn) == 1)
       goto end;
   
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(moisnais,firstobs,lastobs);
     free_vector(annais,firstobs,lastobs);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     /* free_vector(moisdc,1,n); */
     /* free_vector(andc,1,n); */
     /* */
     
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     /* dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     /* bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     /* mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); /* We are adding a wave if status is unknown at last wave but death occurs after last wave.*/
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
        Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the number of (mi=1 to wav[i]) effective wave out of mi of individual i
        dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
        and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     */
   
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
     /* Concatenates waves */
    
     free_vector(moisdc,firstobs,lastobs);
     free_vector(andc,firstobs,lastobs);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     Ndum =ivector(-1,NCOVMAX);  
     cptcoveff=0;
     if (ncovmodel-nagesqr > 2 ){ /* That is if covariate other than cst, age and age*age */
       tricode(&cptcoveff,Tvar,nbcode,imx, Ndum); /**< Fills nbcode[Tvar[j]][l]; */
     }
     
     ncovcombmax=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     invalidvarcomb=ivector(1, ncovcombmax); 
     for(i=1;i<ncovcombmax;i++)
       invalidvarcomb[i]=0;
     
     /* Nbcode gives the value of the lth modality (currently 1 to 2) of jth covariate, in
        V2+V1*age, there are 3 covariates Tvar[2]=1 (V1).*/
     /* 1 to ncodemax[j] which is the maximum value of this jth covariate */
     
     /*  codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);*/ /* codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) */
     /*printf(" codtab[1,1],codtab[100,10]=%d,%d\n", codtab[1][1],codtabm(100,10));*/
     /* codtab gives the value 1 or 2 of the hth combination of k covariates (1 or 2).*/
     /* nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(h,j)]) : if there are only 2 modalities for a covariate j, 
      * codtabm(h,j) gives its value classified at position h and nbcode gives how it is coded 
      * (currently 0 or 1) in the data.
      * In a loop on h=1 to 2**k, and a loop on j (=1 to k), we get the value of 
      * corresponding modality (h,j).
      */
   
     h=0;
     /*if (cptcovn > 0) */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
             /**< codtab(h,k)  k   = codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) + 1
              * For k=4 covariates, h goes from 1 to m=2**k
              * codtabm(h,k)=  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1)) + 1;
              * #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
              *     h\k   1     2     3     4
              *______________________________  
              *     1 i=1 1 i=1 1 i=1 1 i=1 1
              *     2     2     1     1     1
              *     3 i=2 1     2     1     1
              *     4     2     2     1     1
              *     5 i=3 1 i=2 1     2     1
              *     6     2     1     2     1
              *     7 i=4 1     2     2     1
              *     8     2     2     2     1
              *     9 i=5 1 i=3 1 i=2 1     2
              *    10     2     1     1     2
              *    11 i=6 1     2     1     2
              *    12     2     2     1     2
              *    13 i=7 1 i=4 1     2     2    
              *    14     2     1     2     2
              *    15 i=8 1     2     2     2
              *    16     2     2     2     2
              */
     /* How to do the opposite? From combination h (=1 to 2**k) how to get the value on the covariates? */
        /* from h=5 and m, we get then number of covariates k=log(m)/log(2)=4
        * and the value of each covariate?
        * V1=1, V2=1, V3=2, V4=1 ?
        * h-1=4 and 4 is 0100 or reverse 0010, and +1 is 1121 ok.
        * h=6, 6-1=5, 5 is 0101, 1010, 2121, V1=2nd, V2=1st, V3=2nd, V4=1st.
        * In order to get the real value in the data, we use nbcode
        * nbcode[Tvar[3][2nd]]=1 and nbcode[Tvar[4][1]]=0
        * We are keeping this crazy system in order to be able (in the future?) 
        * to have more than 2 values (0 or 1) for a covariate.
        * #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
        * h=6, k=2? h-1=5=0101, reverse 1010, +1=2121, k=2nd position: value is 1: codtabm(6,2)=1
        *              bbbbbbbb
        *              76543210     
        *   h-1        00000101 (6-1=5)
        *(h-1)>>(k-1)= 00000010 >> (2-1) = 1 right shift
        *           &
        *     1        00000001 (1)
        *              00000000        = 1 & ((h-1) >> (k-1))
        *          +1= 00000001 =1 
        *
        * h=14, k=3 => h'=h-1=13, k'=k-1=2
        *          h'      1101 =2^3+2^2+0x2^1+2^0
        *    >>k'            11
        *          &   00000001
        *            = 00000001
        *      +1    = 00000010=2    =  codtabm(14,3)   
        * Reverse h=6 and m=16?
        * cptcoveff=log(16)/log(2)=4 covariate: 6-1=5=0101 reversed=1010 +1=2121 =>V1=2, V2=1, V3=2, V4=1.
        * for (j=1 to cptcoveff) Vj=decodtabm(j,h,cptcoveff)
        * decodtabm(h,j,cptcoveff)= (((h-1) >> (j-1)) & 1) +1 
        * decodtabm(h,j,cptcoveff)= (h <= (1<<cptcoveff)?(((h-1) >> (j-1)) & 1) +1 : -1)
        * V3=decodtabm(14,3,2**4)=2
        *          h'=13   1101 =2^3+2^2+0x2^1+2^0
        *(h-1) >> (j-1)    0011 =13 >> 2
        *          &1 000000001
        *           = 000000001
        *         +1= 000000010 =2
        *                  2211
        *                  V1=1+1, V2=0+1, V3=1+1, V4=1+1
        *                  V3=2
                    * codtabm and decodtabm are identical
        */
   
   
    free_ivector(Ndum,-1,NCOVMAX);
   
   
       
     /* Initialisation of ----------- gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-MORT_");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# IMaCh-%s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       //fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"set datafile missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
   
   
     /* Initialisation of --------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-MORT_");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);
       exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
             optionfilehtmcov,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<html><head>\n<head>\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\"/><meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<title>IMaCh %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"7\"><a href=http:/euroreves.ined.fr/imach>IMaCh for Interpolated Markov Chain</a> </font><br>\n<font size=\"3\">Sponsored by Copyright (C)  2002-2015 <a href=http://www.ined.fr>INED</a>-EUROREVES-Institut de longévité-2013-2016-Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences 日本学術振興会 (<a href=https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-grants/>Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121</a>) - <a href=https://software.intel.com/en-us>Intel Software 2015-2018</a></font><br>  \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   <font size=\"2\">IMaCh-%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Parameter file: <a href=\"%s.%s\">%s.%s</a><br>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             optionfilehtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             optionfilefiname,optionfilext,optionfilefiname,optionfilext,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
   #ifdef WIN32
     _chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
   #else
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
   #endif
             
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age 
                    and for any valid combination of covariates
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, p, pstart, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvaraff, invalidvarcomb, nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart, \
                 firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<h4>Parameter line 2</h4><ul><li>Tolerance for the convergence of the likelihood: ftol=%g \n<li>Interval for the elementary matrix (in month): stepm=%d",\
             ftol, stepm);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li>Number of fixed dummy covariates: ncovcol=%d ", ncovcol);
     ncurrv=1;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncovcol; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li> Number of fixed quantitative variables: nqv=%d ", nqv); 
     ncurrv=i;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncurrv-1+nqv; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li> Number of time varying (wave varying) dummy covariates: ntv=%d ", ntv);
     ncurrv=i;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncurrv-1+ntv; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li>Number of time varying  quantitative covariates: nqtv=%d ", nqtv);
     ncurrv=i;
     for(i=ncurrv; i <=ncurrv-1+nqtv; i++) fprintf(fichtm,"V%d ", i);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li>Weights column \n<br>Number of alive states: nlstate=%d <br>Number of death states (not really implemented): ndeath=%d \n<li>Number of waves: maxwav=%d \n<li>Parameter for maximization (1), using parameter values (0), for design of parameters and variance-covariance matrix: mle=%d \n<li>Does the weight column be taken into account (1), or not (0): weight=%d</ul>\n", \
              nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<h4> Diagram of states <a href=\"%s_.svg\">%s_.svg</a></h4> \n\
   <img src=\"%s_.svg\">", subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"D_"));
   
     
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h4>Some descriptive statistics </h4>\n<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
     imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
   
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     /* For mortality only */
     if (mle==-3){
       ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); 
       for(i=1;i<=NDIM;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=0.;
       /*     ximort=gsl_matrix_alloc(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); */
       cens=ivector(firstobs,lastobs);
       ageexmed=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
       agecens=vector(firstobs,lastobs);
       dcwave=ivector(firstobs,lastobs);
                   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         dcwave[i]=-1;
         for (m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++)
           if (s[m][i]>nlstate) {
             dcwave[i]=m;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
       
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];
           agecens[i]=1.; 
           
           if (ageexmed[i]> 1 && wav[i] > 0){
             agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
             cens[i]= 1;
           }else if (ageexmed[i]< 1) 
             cens[i]= -1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP && agedc[i]>1 && dcwave[i]>firstpass && dcwave[i]<=lastpass)
             cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
       
       /*p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083;*/
       /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
       
       
   #ifdef GSL
       printf("GSL optimization\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   #else
       printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   #endif
       strcpy(filerespow,"POW-MORT_"); 
       strcat(filerespow,fileresu);
       if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       }
   #ifdef GSL
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# GSL optimization\n# iter -2*LL");
   #else
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
   #endif
       /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
           if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       */
       fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   #ifdef GSL
       /* gsl starts here */ 
       T = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_nmsimplex;
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer *sfm = NULL;
       gsl_vector *ss, *x;
       gsl_multimin_function minex_func;
   
       /* Initial vertex size vector */
       ss = gsl_vector_alloc (NDIM);
       
       if (ss == NULL){
         GSL_ERROR_VAL ("failed to allocate space for ss", GSL_ENOMEM, 0);
       }
       /* Set all step sizes to 1 */
       gsl_vector_set_all (ss, 0.001);
   
       /* Starting point */
       
       x = gsl_vector_alloc (NDIM);
       
       if (x == NULL){
         gsl_vector_free(ss);
         GSL_ERROR_VAL ("failed to allocate space for x", GSL_ENOMEM, 0);
       }
     
       /* Initialize method and iterate */
       /*     p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083; */
       /*     gsl_vector_set(x, 0, 0.0268); */
       /*     gsl_vector_set(x, 1, 0.083); */
       gsl_vector_set(x, 0, p[1]);
       gsl_vector_set(x, 1, p[2]);
   
       minex_func.f = &gompertz_f;
       minex_func.n = NDIM;
       minex_func.params = (void *)&p; /* ??? */
       
       sfm = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_alloc (T, NDIM);
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer_set (sfm, &minex_func, x, ss);
       
       printf("Iterations beginning .....\n\n");
       printf("Iter. #    Intercept       Slope     -Log Likelihood     Simplex size\n");
   
       iteri=0;
       while (rval == GSL_CONTINUE){
         iteri++;
         status = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_iterate(sfm);
         
         if (status) printf("error: %s\n", gsl_strerror (status));
         fflush(0);
         
         if (status) 
           break;
         
         rval = gsl_multimin_test_size (gsl_multimin_fminimizer_size (sfm), 1e-6);
         ssval = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_size (sfm);
         
         if (rval == GSL_SUCCESS)
           printf ("converged to a local maximum at\n");
         
         printf("%5d ", iteri);
         for (it = 0; it < NDIM; it++){
           printf ("%10.5f ", gsl_vector_get (sfm->x, it));
         }
         printf("f() = %-10.5f ssize = %.7f\n", sfm->fval, ssval);
       }
       
       printf("\n\n Please note: Program should be run many times with varying starting points to detemine global maximum\n\n");
       
       gsl_vector_free(x); /* initial values */
       gsl_vector_free(ss); /* inital step size */
       for (it=0; it<NDIM; it++){
         p[it+1]=gsl_vector_get(sfm->x,it);
         fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[it]);
       }
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer_free (sfm); /* p *(sfm.x.data) et p *(sfm.x.data+1)  */
   #endif
   #ifdef POWELL
        powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
   #endif  
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, hess, p, NDIM, delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
                                   matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
                                   printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
                                   fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");  fprintf(ficlog,"\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
         fprintf(ficlog,"%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
       }
       lsurv=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       tpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lsurv[agegomp]=100000;
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<=AGESUP;k++) {
         agemortsup=k;
         if (p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp))>1) break;
       }
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++)
         lsurv[k+1]=lsurv[k]-lsurv[k]*(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)));
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++){
         lpop[k]=(lsurv[k]+lsurv[k+1])/2.;
         sumlpop=sumlpop+lpop[k];
       }
       
       tpop[agegomp]=sumlpop;
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-3);k++){
         /*  tpop[k+1]=2;*/
         tpop[k+1]=tpop[k]-lpop[k];
       }
       
       
       printf("\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)\n");
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
         printf("%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
       
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
                   ageminpar=50;
                   agemaxpar=100;
       if(ageminpar == AGEOVERFLOW ||agemaxpar == AGEOVERFLOW){
           printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
       }else{
                           printf("Warning! ageminpar %f and agemaxpar %f have been fixed because for simplification until it is fixed...\n\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
                           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! ageminpar %f and agemaxpar %f have been fixed because for simplification until it is fixed...\n\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         printinggnuplotmort(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
                   }
       printinghtmlmort(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
       
       free_vector(lsurv,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(lpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(tpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_matrix(ximort,1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
       free_ivector(dcwave,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_vector(agecens,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_vector(ageexmed,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_ivector(cens,firstobs,lastobs);
   #ifdef GSL
   #endif
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 mortality only */
     /* Standard  */
     else{ /* For mle !=- 3, could be 0 or 1 or 4 etc. */
       globpr=0;/* Computes sum of likelihood for globpr=1 and funcone */
       /* Computes likelihood for initial parameters, uses funcone to compute gpimx and gsw */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2, Real Maximization */
         /* mlikeli uses func not funcone */
         /* for(i=1;i<nlstate;i++){ */
         /*        /\*reducing xi for 1 to npar to 1 to ncovmodel; *\/ */
         /*    mlikeli(ficres,p, ncovmodel, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, funcnoprod); */
         /* } */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       if(mle==0) {/* No optimization, will print the likelihoods for the datafile */
         globpr=0;/* Computes sum of likelihood for globpr=1 and funcone */
         /* Computes likelihood for initial parameters, uses funcone to compute gpimx and gsw */
         likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       }
       globpr=1; /* again, to print the individual contributions using computed gpimx and gsw */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       /* fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model); */
       
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           if (k != i) {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       if(mle != 0){
         /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix only at a peak of the Likelihood, that is after optimization */
         ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
         hesscov(matcov, hess, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
         printf("Parameters and 95%% confidence intervals\n W is simply the result of the division of the parameter by the square root of covariance of the parameter.\n And Wald-based confidence intervals plus and minus 1.96 * W .\n But be careful that parameters are highly correlated because incidence of disability is highly correlated to incidence of recovery.\n It might be better to visualize the covariance matrix. See the page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' and its graphs.\n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "Parameters, Wald tests and Wald-based confidence intervals\n W is simply the result of the division of the parameter by the square root of covariance of the parameter.\n And Wald-based confidence intervals plus and minus 1.96 * W \n  It might be better to visualize the covariance matrix. See the page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' and its graphs.\n");
         for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
             if (k != i) {
               printf("%d%d ",i,k);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
               for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                 printf("%12.7f W=%8.3f CI=[%12.7f ; %12.7f] ",p[jk], p[jk]/sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]), p[jk]-1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]),p[jk]+1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]));
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f W=%8.3f CI=[%12.7f ; %12.7f] ",p[jk], p[jk]/sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]), p[jk]-1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]),p[jk]+1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]));
                 jk++; 
               }
               printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             }
           }
         }
       } /* end of hesscov and Wald tests */
       
       /*  */
       fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if (j!=i) {
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       if(mle >= 1) /* To big for the screen */
         printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
       /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
       /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
       */
       for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
         jj=0;
         for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             if(j==i) continue;
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               jj++;
               ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
               if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
       
       /* while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){ */
       /*   ungetc(c,ficpar); */
       /*   fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar); */
       /*   fputs(line,stdout); */
       /*   fputs(line,ficparo); */
       /* } */
       /* ungetc(c,ficpar); */
       
       estepm=0;
       if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm, &ftolpl)) !=EOF){
         
         if (num_filled != 6) {
           printf("Error: Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",line);
           goto end;
         }
         printf("agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar, bage, fage, estepm, ftolpl);
       }
       /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
       /*ftolpl=6.e-4;*/ /* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
       
       /* fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm); */
       if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
       if (fage <= 2) {
         bage = ageminpar;
         fage = agemaxpar;
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
       fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d ftolpl=%e\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm, ftolpl);
       fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d, ftolpl=%e\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm, ftolpl);
                   
       /* Other stuffs, more or less useful */    
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
   
       if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav)) !=EOF){
         
         if (num_filled != 7) {
           printf("Error: Not 7 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:begin-prev-date=1/1/1990 end-prev-date=1/6/2004  mov_average=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 7 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:begin-prev-date=1/1/1990 end-prev-date=1/6/2004  mov_average=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           goto end;
         }
         printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
         fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       }
   
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
       
       
       dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
       dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
       
       if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased)) !=EOF){
         if (num_filled != 1) {
           printf("Error: Not 1 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:pop_based=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 1 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example: pop_based=1\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
           goto end;
         }
         printf("pop_based=%d\n",popbased);
         fprintf(ficlog,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);
         fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
         fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       }
        
       /* Results */
       nresult=0;
       do{
         if(!fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)){
           endishere=1;
           parameterline=14;
         }else if (line[0] == '#') {
           /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           continue;
         }else if(sscanf(line,"prevforecast=%[^\n]\n",modeltemp))
           parameterline=11;
         else if(sscanf(line,"backcast=%[^\n]\n",modeltemp))
           parameterline=12;
         else if(sscanf(line,"result:%[^\n]\n",modeltemp))
           parameterline=13;
         else{
           parameterline=14;
         }
         switch (parameterline){ 
         case 11:
           if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj)) !=EOF){
             if (num_filled != 8) {
               printf("Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:prevforecast=1 starting-proj-date=1/1/1990 final-proj-date=1/1/2000 mobil_average=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:prevforecast=1 starting-proj-date=1/1/1990 final-proj-date=1/1/2000 mov_average=0\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
               goto end;
             }
             fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
             /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
             dateproj1=anproj1+(mproj1-1)/12.+(jproj1-1)/365.;
             dateproj2=anproj2+(mproj2-1)/12.+(jproj2-1)/365.;
   
           }
           break;
         case 12:
           /*fscanf(ficpar,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&backcast,&jback1,&mback1,&anback1,&jback2,&mback2,&anback2,&mobilavproj);*/
           if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&backcast,&jback1,&mback1,&anback1,&jback2,&mback2,&anback2,&mobilavproj)) !=EOF){
             if (num_filled != 8) {
               printf("Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:backcast=1 starting-back-date=1/1/1990 final-back-date=1/1/1970 mobil_average=1\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 8 (data)parameters in line but %d, for example:backcast=1 starting-back-date=1/1/1990 final-back-date=1/1/1970 mobil_average=1\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",num_filled,line);
               goto end;
             }
             printf("backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficparo,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficres,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
             /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
             dateback1=anback1+(mback1-1)/12.+(jback1-1)/365.;
             dateback2=anback2+(mback2-1)/12.+(jback2-1)/365.;
           }
           break;
         case 13:
           if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"result:%[^\n]\n",resultline)) !=EOF){
             if (num_filled == 0){
               resultline[0]='\0';
               printf("Warning %d: no result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.\n%s\n", num_filled, line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d: no result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.\n%s\n", num_filled, line);
               break;
             } else if (num_filled != 1){
               printf("ERROR %d: result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.' %s\n",num_filled, line);
               fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR %d: result line! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.' %s\n",num_filled, line);
             }
             nresult++; /* Sum of resultlines */
             printf("Result %d: result=%s\n",nresult, resultline);
             if(nresult > MAXRESULTLINES){
               printf("ERROR: Current version of IMaCh limits the number of resultlines to %d, you used %d\n",MAXRESULTLINES,nresult);
               fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR: Current version of IMaCh limits the number of resultlines to %d, you used %d\n",MAXRESULTLINES,nresult);
               goto end;
             }
             decoderesult(resultline, nresult); /* Fills TKresult[nresult] combination and Tresult[nresult][k4+1] combination values */
             fprintf(ficparo,"result: %s\n",resultline);
             fprintf(ficres,"result: %s\n",resultline);
             fprintf(ficlog,"result: %s\n",resultline);
             break;
           case 14: 
             if(ncovmodel >2 && nresult==0 ){
               printf("ERROR: no result lines! It should be at minimum 'result: V2=0 V1=1 or result:.' %s\n",line);
               goto end;
             }
             break;
           default:
             nresult=1;
             decoderesult(".",nresult ); /* No covariate */
           }
         } /* End switch parameterline */
       }while(endishere==0); /* End do */
       
       /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint); */
       /* ,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2); */
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       if(ageminpar == AGEOVERFLOW ||agemaxpar == -AGEOVERFLOW){
         printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
       }else{
         /* printinggnuplot(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, prevfcast, backcast, pathc,p, (int)anproj1-(int)agemin, (int)anback1-(int)agemax+1); */
         printinggnuplot(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage, fage, prevfcast, backcast, pathc,p, (int)anproj1-bage, (int)anback1-fage);
       }
       printinghtml(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt, \
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,mobilav,prevfcast,mobilavproj,backcast, estepm, \
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,dateprev1, dateproj1, dateback1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2,dateprev2,dateproj2, dateback2);
                   
       /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
       /*  chdir(path); */
                   
       /* free_ivector(wav,1,imx); */  /* Moved after last prevalence call */
       /* free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); */
       /* free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); */
       /* free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);    */
       free_lvector(num,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_vector(agedc,firstobs,lastobs);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
                   
                   
       /* Other results (useful)*/
                   
                   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
       /*#include "prevlim.h"*/  /* Use ficrespl, ficlog */
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       prevalence_limit(p, prlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar, ftolpl, &ncvyear);
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
       /*#include "hpijx.h"*/
       hPijx(p, bage, fage);
       fclose(ficrespij);
       
       /* ncovcombmax=  pow(2,cptcoveff); */
       /*-------------- Variance of one-step probabilities---*/
       k=1;
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
       
       /* Prevalence for each covariate combination in probs[age][status][cov] */
       probs= ma3x(AGEINF,AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
       for(i=AGEINF;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* ndeath is useless but a necessity to be compared with mobaverages */
           for(k=1;k<=ncovcombmax;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
       prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, 
                  ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       if (mobilav!=0 ||mobilavproj !=0 ) {
         mobaverages= ma3x(AGEINF, AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
         for(i=AGEINF;i<=AGESUP;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
             for(k=1;k<=ncovcombmax;k++)
               mobaverages[i][j][k]=0.;
         mobaverage=mobaverages;
         if (mobilav!=0) {
           printf("Movingaveraging observed prevalence\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"Movingaveraging observed prevalence\n");
           if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, mobaverage, mobilav)!=0){
             fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
             printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           }
         } else if (mobilavproj !=0) {
           printf("Movingaveraging projected observed prevalence\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"Movingaveraging projected observed prevalence\n");
           if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, mobaverage, mobilavproj)!=0){
             fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilavproj=%d\n",mobilavproj);
             printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilavproj=%d\n",mobilavproj);
           }
         }else{
           printf("Internal error moving average\n");
           fflush(stdout);
           exit(1);
         }
       }/* end if moving average */
       
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       if(prevfcast==1){
         /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileresu, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, mobaverage, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
       }
   
       /* Backcasting */
       if(backcast==1){
         ddnewms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        
         ddoldms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        
         ddsavms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
         /*--------------- Back Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
   
         bprlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
         back_prevalence_limit(p, bprlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar, ftolpl, &ncvyear, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass, mobilavproj);
         fclose(ficresplb);
   
         hBijx(p, bage, fage, mobaverage);
         fclose(ficrespijb);
   
         prevbackforecast(fileresu, mobaverage, anback1, mback1, jback1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,
                          mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anback2, p, cptcoveff);
         varbprlim(fileresu, nresult, mobaverage, mobilavproj, bage, fage, bprlim, &ncvyear, ftolpl, p, matcov, delti, stepm, cptcoveff);
   
         
         free_matrix(bprlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
         free_matrix(ddnewms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
         free_matrix(ddsavms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
         free_matrix(ddoldms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
       }    /* end  Backcasting */
    
    
       /* ------ Other prevalence ratios------------ */
   
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);   
                   
                   
       /*---------- Health expectancies, no variances ------------*/
                   
       strcpy(filerese,"E_");
       strcat(filerese,fileresu);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' ...", filerese);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' ...", filerese);fflush(ficlog);
   
       pstamp(ficreseij);
                   
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
       
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         printf("\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficreseij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, strstart, nres);  
         
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
       fclose(ficreseij);
       printf("done evsij\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done evsij\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
                   
       /*---------- State-specific expectancies and variances ------------*/
                   
       strcpy(filerest,"T_");
       strcat(filerest,fileresu);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' ...\n", filerest); fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' ...\n", filerest); fflush(ficlog);
       strcpy(fileresstde,"STDE_");
       strcat(fileresstde,fileresu);
       if((ficresstdeij=fopen(fileresstde,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with State specific Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with State specific Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
       }
       printf("  Computing State-specific Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
       fprintf(ficlog,"  Computing State-specific Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
   
       strcpy(filerescve,"CVE_");
       strcat(filerescve,fileresu);
       if((ficrescveij=fopen(filerescve,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Covar. State-specific Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Covar. State-specific Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
       }
       printf("    Computing Covar. of State-specific Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
       fprintf(ficlog,"    Computing Covar. of State-specific Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
   
       strcpy(fileresv,"V_");
       strcat(fileresv,fileresu);
       if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       }
       printf("      Computing Variance-covariance of State-specific Expectancies: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"      Computing Variance-covariance of State-specific Expectancies: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(ficlog);
   
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
       
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(i1 != 1 && TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         printf("\n#****** Result for:");
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** Result for:");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** Result for:");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++){ 
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficrest," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         
         fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n#****** ");
         fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficresstdeij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficrescveij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresstdeij,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrescveij,"******\n");
         
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         /* pstamp(ficresvij); */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficresvij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
         
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         printf(" cvevsij ");
         fprintf(ficlog, " cvevsij ");
         cvevsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart, nres);
         printf(" end cvevsij \n ");
         fprintf(ficlog, " end cvevsij \n ");
         
         /*
          */
         /* goto endfree; */
         
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         pstamp(ficrest);
         
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms; /* ZZ Segmentation fault */
           cptcod= 0; /* To be deleted */
           printf("varevsij vpopbased=%d \n",vpopbased);
           fprintf(ficlog, "varevsij vpopbased=%d \n",vpopbased);
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,vpopbased,mobilav, strstart, nres); /* cptcod not initialized Intel */
           fprintf(ficrest,"# Total life expectancy with std error and decomposition into time to be expected in each health state\n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
           if(vpopbased==1)
             fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d)\n",mobilav);
           else
             fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific forward period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           fprintf(ficrest,"# Age popbased mobilav e.. (std) ");
           for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           /* printf("Which p?\n"); for(i=1;i<=npar;i++)printf("p[i=%d]=%lf,",i,p[i]);printf("\n"); */
           printf("Computing age specific forward period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"Computing age specific forward period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, nres); /*ZZ Is it the correct prevalim */
             if (vpopbased==1) {
               if(mobilav ==0){
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
               }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
               }
             }
             
             fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f %d %d",age, vpopbased, mobilav);
             /* fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f %d %d %d %d",age, vpopbased, mobilav,Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */ /* to be done */
             /* printf(" age %4.0f ",age); */
             for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
               for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
                 epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
                 /*ZZZ  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
                 /* printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]); */
               }
               epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
             }
             /* printf(" age %4.0f \n",age); */
             
             for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                 vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
             }
             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           }
         } /* End vpopbased */
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         printf("done selection\n");fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,"done selection\n");fflush(ficlog);
         
       } /* End k selection */
   
       printf("done State-specific expectancies\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done State-specific expectancies\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
       /* variance-covariance of forward period prevalence*/
       varprlim(fileresu, nresult, mobaverage, mobilavproj, bage, fage, prlim, &ncvyear, ftolpl, p, matcov, delti, stepm, cptcoveff);
   
       
       free_vector(weight,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_imatrix(Tvard,1,NCOVMAX,1,2);
       free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,firstobs,lastobs); 
       free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_ivector(cod,firstobs,lastobs);
       free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       fclose(ficresstdeij);
       fclose(ficrescveij);
       fclose(ficresvij);
       fclose(ficrest);
       fclose(ficpar);
       
       
       /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
       if (mobilav!=0 ||mobilavproj !=0)
         free_ma3x(mobaverages,AGEINF, AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax); /* We need to have a squared matrix with prevalence of the dead! */
       free_ma3x(probs,AGEINF,AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
       free_matrix(prlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
       free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
     /* endfree:*/
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     if(ntv+nqtv>=1)free_ma3x(cotvar,1,maxwav,1,ntv+nqtv,firstobs,lastobs);
     if(nqtv>=1)free_ma3x(cotqvar,1,maxwav,1,nqtv,firstobs,lastobs);
     if(nqv>=1)free_matrix(coqvar,1,nqv,firstobs,lastobs);
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,firstobs,lastobs);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(paramstart,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(ncodemaxwundef,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Dummy,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Fixed,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(DummyV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(FixedV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Typevar,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarF,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarA,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarAind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvarsel,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_vector(Tvalsel,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tposprod,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(invalidvarcomb,1,ncovcombmax);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tmodelind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TmodelInvind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TmodelInvQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     
     free_imatrix(nbcode,0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
     /* free_imatrix(codtab,1,100,1,10); */
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
     
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings. Please look at the log file for details.\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d. Please look at the log file for details.\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     /*(void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);*/
     rend_time = time(NULL);  
     end_time = *localtime(&rend_time);
     /* tml = *localtime(&end_time.tm_sec); */
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&end_time));
     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
     
     printf("Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
     
   
   /* Executes gnuplot */
     
     printf("Before Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
   #ifdef WIN32
     if (_chdir(pathcd) != 0)
       printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n",path);
     if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0)
   #else
       if(chdir(pathcd) != 0)
         printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n", path);
     if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0)
   #endif 
       printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     /*strcat(plotcmd,CHARSEPARATOR);*/
     sprintf(plotcmd,"gnuplot");
   #ifdef _WIN32
     sprintf(plotcmd,"\"%sgnuplot.exe\"",pathimach);
   #endif
     if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
       printf("Error or gnuplot program not found: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       if(!stat(getenv("GNUPLOTBIN"),&info)){
         printf("Error or gnuplot program not found: '%s' Environment GNUPLOTBIN not set.\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #ifdef __unix
       strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
       if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #endif
     }else
       strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
     
     sprintf(plotcmd,"%s %s",pplotcmd, optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
     
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf("Error in gnuplot, command might not be in your path: '%s', err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
       printf("\n Trying if gnuplot resides on the same directory that IMaCh\n");
       sprintf(plotcmd,"%sgnuplot %s", pathimach, optionfilegnuplot);
       if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
         printf("\n Still a problem with gnuplot command %s, err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
         strcpy(plotcmd,pplotcmd);
       }
     }
     printf(" Successful, please wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit results with your browser, g to graph again and q for exit: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') {
   #ifdef __APPLE__
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "open %s", optionfilehtm);
   #elif __linux
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "xdg-open %s", optionfilehtm);
   #else
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "%s", optionfilehtm);
   #endif
         printf("Starting browser with: %s",pplotcmd);fflush(stdout);
         system(pplotcmd);
       }
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
   end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: "); fflush(stdout);
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
     printf("End\n");
     exit(0);
   }

Removed from v.1.52  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.293


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