Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.48 and 1.87

version 1.48, 2002/06/10 13:12:49 version 1.87, 2003/06/18 12:26:01
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain    $State$
     $Log$
   Short summary of the programme:    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
      Version 0.96
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from  
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the    routine fileappend.
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a  
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave    interview.
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    truncation)
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the  
   convergence.    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    parcimony.
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    
     Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h    *** empty log message ***
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be  
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx  
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices  */
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply  /*
   hPijx.     Interpolated Markov Chain
   
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Short summary of the programme:
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    
      This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
   from the European Union.    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
   **********************************************************************/    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
      Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
 #include <math.h>    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
 #include <stdio.h>    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
 #include <stdlib.h>    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
 #include <unistd.h>    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
     'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
 #define MAXLINE 256    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    convergence.
 /*#define DEBUG*/  
 #define windows    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
     intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  
     hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
 #define MAXN 20000    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
 #define AGESUP 130    hPijx.
 #define AGEBASE 40  
 #ifdef windows    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
 #else    
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
 #endif             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
     This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
 char version[80]="Imach version 0.8h, May 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";    from the European Union.
 int erreur; /* Error number */    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
 int nvar;    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
 int npar=NPARMAX;  
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    
 int popbased=0;    **********************************************************************/
   /*
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    main
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */    read parameterfile
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */    read datafile
 int mle, weightopt;    concatwav
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */    freqsummary
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    if (mle >= 1)
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */      mlikeli
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */    print results files
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    if mle==1 
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;       computes hessian
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
 FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */        begin-prev-date,...
 FILE *ficreseij;    open gnuplot file
 char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    open html file
 FILE  *ficresvij;    stable prevalence
 char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];     for age prevalim()
 FILE  *ficresvpl;    h Pij x
 char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];    variance of p varprob
 char title[MAXLINE];    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
 char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];    health expectancies
 char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];    Variance-covariance of DFLE
     prevalence()
 char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];     movingaverage()
     varevsij() 
 char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
 char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];    total life expectancies
 char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];    Variance of stable prevalence
    end
 char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];  */
   
 #define NR_END 1  
 #define FREE_ARG char*  
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10   
   #include <math.h>
 #define NRANSI  #include <stdio.h>
 #define ITMAX 200  #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <unistd.h>
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  
   #include <sys/time.h>
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  #include <time.h>
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  #include "timeval.h"
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  
   #define MAXLINE 256
 #define GOLD 1.618034  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 #define TINY 1.0e-20  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
   /*#define DEBUG*/
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  /*#define windows*/
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
    
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   
 static double sqrarg;  #define NINTERVMAX 8
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
   #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
 int imx;  #define MAXN 20000
 int stepm;  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  #define AGESUP 130
   #define AGEBASE 40
 int estepm;  #ifdef unix
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
   #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 int m,nb;  #else
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  #endif
 double dateintmean=0;  
   /* $Id$ */
 double *weight;  /* $State$ */
 int **s; /* Status */  
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  char version[]="Imach version 0.96, June 2003, INED-EUROREVES ";
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
   int erreur; /* Error number */
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  int nvar;
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
   int npar=NPARMAX;
 /**************** split *************************/  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
 {  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  int popbased=0;
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  
   int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
    s = strrchr( path,  DIRSEPARATOR );          /* find last / */  int gipmx, gsw; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */                     to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  int mle, weightopt;
       extern char       *getwd( );  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
   int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
 #else             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
       extern char       *getcwd( );  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
 #endif  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
       }  int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  FILE *ficresilk;
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */
    }  FILE *ficreseij;
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #ifdef windows  FILE  *ficresvij;
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #else  FILE  *ficresvpl;
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #endif  char title[MAXLINE];
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
    s++;  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */  
    l1= strlen( name);  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
    l2= strlen( s)+1;  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
 }  
   char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
 /******************************************/  #define NR_END 1
   #define FREE_ARG char*
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
 {  
   int i;  #define NRANSI 
   int lg=20;  #define ITMAX 200 
   i=0;  
   lg=strlen(t);  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  
     (s[i] = t[i]);  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
   }  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 }  
   #define GOLD 1.618034 
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 {  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
   int i,j=0;  
   int lg=20;  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
   i=0;  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   lg=strlen(s);  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
   }  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
   return j;  
 }  static double sqrarg;
   #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
 {  
   int i,lg,j,p=0;  int imx; 
   i=0;  int stepm;
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  
   }  int estepm;
   /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   lg=strlen(t);  
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  int m,nb;
     (u[j] = t[j]);  long *num;
   }  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
      u[p]='\0';  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   double **pmmij, ***probs;
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {  double dateintmean=0;
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  
   }  double *weight;
 }  int **s; /* Status */
   double *agedc, **covar, idx;
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
   
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
 {  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  /**************** split *************************/
   exit(1);  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
 }  {
 /*********************** vector *******************/    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
 {  
   double *v;    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
   return v-nl+NR_END;    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
 }      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
         printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
 /************************ free vector ******************/      /* get current working directory */
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
 {      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
 }      }
       strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
 /************************ivector *******************************/    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
 {      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
   int *v;      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
   return v-nl+NR_END;      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
 }    }
     l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
 /******************free ivector **************************/    /*#ifdef windows
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
 {  #else
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
 }  #endif
     */
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    ss++;
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */    strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */
 {    l1= strlen( name);
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   int **m;    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
   /* allocate pointers to rows */    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  }
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;  
   m -= nrl;  /******************************************/
    
    void replace(char *s, char*t)
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */  {
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    int i;
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    int lg=20;
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    i=0;
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    lg=strlen(t);
      for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;      (s[i] = t[i]);
        if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */    }
   return m;  }
 }  
   int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/  {
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)    int i,j=0;
       int **m;    int lg=20;
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    i=0;
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */    lg=strlen(s);
 {    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));    }
 }    return j;
   }
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
 {  {
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
   double **m;       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
        gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    int i,lg,j,p=0;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    i=0;
   m += NR_END;    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
   m -= nrl;      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
     }
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    lg=strlen(t);
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
   m[nrl] -= ncl;      (u[j] = t[j]);
     }
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;       u[p]='\0';
   return m;  
 }     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
       if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
 /*************************free matrix ************************/    }
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  }
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  /********************** nrerror ********************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  
 }  void nrerror(char error_text[])
   {
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
 {    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  }
   double ***m;  /*********************** vector *******************/
   double *vector(int nl, int nh)
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  {
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    double *v;
   m += NR_END;    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   m -= nrl;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  }
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  /************************ free vector ******************/
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
   {
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   }
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  /************************ivector *******************************/
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  {
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    int *v;
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
      if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {    return v-nl+NR_END;
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;  }
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;  /******************free ivector **************************/
   }  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
   return m;  {
 }    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   }
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)  /************************lvector *******************************/
 {  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));  {
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    long *v;
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
 }    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  }
 extern int ncom;  
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  /******************free lvector **************************/
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
    {
 double f1dim(double x)    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 {  }
   int j;  
   double f;  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
   double *xt;  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
         /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
   xt=vector(1,ncom);  { 
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);    int **m; 
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);    
   return f;    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
 }    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
     if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
 /*****************brent *************************/    m += NR_END; 
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)    m -= nrl; 
 {    
   int iter;    
   double a,b,d,etemp;    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
   double ftemp;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
   double e=0.0;    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
      
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    
   x=w=v=bx;    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);    return m; 
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {  } 
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);        int **m;
 #ifdef DEBUG        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */  { 
 #endif    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
       *xmin=x;  } 
       return fx;  
     }  /******************* matrix *******************************/
     ftemp=fu;  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {  {
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);    double **m;
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;  
       q=2.0*(q-r);    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
       q=fabs(q);    m += NR_END;
       etemp=e;    m -= nrl;
       e=d;  
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
       else {    m[nrl] += NR_END;
         d=p/q;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
         u=x+d;  
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);    return m;
       }    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
     } else {     */
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  }
     }  
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  /*************************free matrix ************************/
     fu=(*f)(u);  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     if (fu <= fx) {  {
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)  }
         } else {  
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
             v=w;  {
             w=u;    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
             fv=fw;    double ***m;
             fw=fu;  
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
             v=u;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
             fv=fu;    m += NR_END;
           }    m -= nrl;
         }  
   }    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   *xmin=x;    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   return fx;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
 }  
     for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  
     m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
             double (*func)(double))    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
 {    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   double fu;      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
      
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
   if (*fb > *fa) {      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)    }
       }    return m; 
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
   while (*fb > *fc) {    */
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);  }
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);  
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);  {
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
       fu=(*func)(u);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
       fu=(*func)(u);  }
       if (fu < *fc) {  
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))  /***************** f1dim *************************/
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))  extern int ncom; 
           }  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
       u=ulim;   
       fu=(*func)(u);  double f1dim(double x) 
     } else {  { 
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    int j; 
       fu=(*func)(u);    double f;
     }    double *xt; 
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)   
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
       }    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
 }    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
     free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
 /*************** linmin ************************/    return f; 
   } 
 int ncom;  
 double *pcom,*xicom;  /*****************brent *************************/
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
    { 
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))    int iter; 
 {    double a,b,d,etemp;
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    double ftemp;
   double f1dim(double x);    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,    double e=0.0; 
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));   
   int j;    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
   double fx,fb,fa;    x=w=v=bx; 
      fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
   ncom=n;    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
   pcom=vector(1,n);      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
   xicom=vector(1,n);      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
   nrfunc=func;      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
     pcom[j]=p[j];      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
     xicom[j]=xi[j];  #ifdef DEBUG
   }      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
   ax=0.0;      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
   xx=1.0;      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  #endif
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
 #ifdef DEBUG        *xmin=x; 
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);        return fx; 
 #endif      } 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      ftemp=fu;
     xi[j] *= xmin;      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
     p[j] += xi[j];        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
   }        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);        q=2.0*(q-r); 
 }        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
         q=fabs(q); 
 /*************** powell ************************/        etemp=e; 
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,        e=d; 
             double (*func)(double []))        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
 {          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,        else { 
               double (*func)(double []));          d=p/q; 
   int i,ibig,j;          u=x+d; 
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
   double fp,fptt;            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
   double *xits;        } 
   pt=vector(1,n);      } else { 
   ptt=vector(1,n);        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   xit=vector(1,n);      } 
   xits=vector(1,n);      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
   *fret=(*func)(p);      fu=(*f)(u); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];      if (fu <= fx) { 
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
     fp=(*fret);        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
     ibig=0;          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
     del=0.0;          } else { 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);              v=w; 
     printf("\n");              w=u; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {              fv=fw; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];              fw=fu; 
       fptt=(*fret);            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
 #ifdef DEBUG              v=u; 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);              fv=fu; 
 #endif            } 
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);          } 
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    } 
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    *xmin=x; 
         ibig=i;    return fx; 
       }  } 
 #ifdef DEBUG  
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);              double (*func)(double)) 
       }  { 
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    double fu; 
       printf("\n");   
 #endif    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
     }    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    if (*fb > *fa) { 
 #ifdef DEBUG      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
       int k[2],l;        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
       k[0]=1;        } 
       k[1]=-1;    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)    while (*fb > *fc) { 
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
       printf("\n");      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
         }        fu=(*func)(u); 
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
       }        fu=(*func)(u); 
 #endif        if (fu < *fc) { 
           SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
             SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
       free_vector(xit,1,n);            } 
       free_vector(xits,1,n);      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);        u=ulim; 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);        fu=(*func)(u); 
       return;      } else { 
     }        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");        fu=(*func)(u); 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      } 
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
       pt[j]=p[j];        } 
     }  } 
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);  
     if (fptt < fp) {  /*************** linmin ************************/
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);  
       if (t < 0.0) {  int ncom; 
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  double *pcom,*xicom;
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];   
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
         }  { 
 #ifdef DEBUG    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    double f1dim(double x); 
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
         printf("\n");                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
 #endif    int j; 
       }    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
     }    double fx,fb,fa;
   }   
 }    ncom=n; 
     pcom=vector(1,n); 
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    xicom=vector(1,n); 
     nrfunc=func; 
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
 {      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */    } 
     ax=0.0; 
   int i, ii,j,k;    xx=1.0; 
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
   double **matprod2();    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();  #ifdef DEBUG
   double **newm;    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   #endif
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){      xi[j] *= xmin; 
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      p[j] += xi[j]; 
     }    } 
     free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
    cov[1]=1.;    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
    } 
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */  
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){  /*************** powell ************************/
     newm=savm;  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */              double (*func)(double [])) 
      cov[2]=agefin;  { 
      void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {                double (*func)(double [])); 
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    int i,ibig,j; 
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
       }    double fp,fptt;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    double *xits;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    pt=vector(1,n); 
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    ptt=vector(1,n); 
     xit=vector(1,n); 
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/    xits=vector(1,n); 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/    *fret=(*func)(p); 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
       fp=(*fret); 
     savm=oldm;      ibig=0; 
     oldm=newm;      del=0.0; 
     maxmax=0.;      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
       min=1.;      fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f",*iter,*fret);
       max=0.;      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
         sumnew=0;        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);      }
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);      printf("\n");
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       }      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
       maxmin=max-min;      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
     }        fptt=(*fret); 
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){  #ifdef DEBUG
       return prlim;        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
     }        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
   }  #endif
 }        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
         if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
 {          ibig=i; 
   double s1, s2;        } 
   /*double t34;*/  #ifdef DEBUG
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];        }
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       }          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
       ps[i][j]=s2;          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/        }
     }        printf("\n");
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  #endif
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];      } 
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
       }  #ifdef DEBUG
       ps[i][j]=s2;        int k[2],l;
     }        k[0]=1;
   }        k[1]=-1;
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
      s1=0;          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);        }
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)        printf("\n");
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */          }
   } /* end i */          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
           fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){        }
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  #endif
       ps[ii][jj]=0;  
       ps[ii][ii]=1;  
     }        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
   }        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
         free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
         free_vector(pt,1,n); 
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){        return; 
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){      } 
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
    }      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     printf("\n ");        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
     }        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/        pt[j]=p[j]; 
 /*      } 
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
   goto end;*/      if (fptt < fp) { 
     return ps;        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
 }        if (t < 0.0) { 
           linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
             xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
 {          }
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times  #ifdef DEBUG
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
   long i, j, k;            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)          }
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)          printf("\n");
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];  #endif
         }
   return out;      } 
 }    } 
   } 
   
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/  /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
   
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
 {  {
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
      duration (i.e. until       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.  
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step    int i, ii,j,k;
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    double **matprod2();
      included manually here.    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
     double **newm;
      */    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
   
   int i, j, d, h, k;    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double **newm;        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */  
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)     cov[1]=1.;
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){   
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
     }      newm=savm;
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){       cov[2]=agefin;
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    
       newm=savm;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
       cov[1]=1.;          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;        }
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
         /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
         /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/  
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,      savm=oldm;
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));      oldm=newm;
       savm=oldm;      maxmax=0.;
       oldm=newm;      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
     }        min=1.;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)        max=0.;
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];          sumnew=0;
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
          */          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
       }          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
   } /* end h */          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
   return po;        }
 }        maxmin=max-min;
         maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
       }
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
 double func( double *x)        return prlim;
 {      }
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;    }
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];  }
   double **out;  
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */  
   long ipmx;  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   /*extern weight */  {
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */    double s1, s2;
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/    /*double t34;*/
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);  
   */      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
   cov[1]=1.;      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
         for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;          /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){        }
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)        ps[i][j]=s2;
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){      }
         newm=savm;      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];          /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
         }        }
                ps[i][j]=s2;
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,      }
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));    }
         savm=oldm;      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
         oldm=newm;  
            for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
               s1=0;
       } /* end mult */      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
              s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
       ipmx +=1;      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
       sw += weight[i];      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
     } /* end of wave */      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   } /* end of individual */        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];    } /* end i */
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */  
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   return -l;      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
 }        ps[ii][jj]=0;
         ps[ii][ii]=1;
       }
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/    }
   
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))  
 {    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   int i,j, iter;      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   double **xi,*delti;       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
   double fret;     }
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      printf("\n ");
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)      }
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  /*
   printf("Powell\n");    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);    goto end;*/
       return ps;
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));  }
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));  
   /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
 }  
   double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/  {
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
 {       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
   double **hess;       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   int i, j,jk;       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
   int *indx;    long i, j, k;
     for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;  
     return out;
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  }
   
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");  
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);  
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/  {
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
   }       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
         age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
       if (j>i) {       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);       for the memory).
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];           included manually here. 
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/  
       }       */
     }  
   }    int i, j, d, h, k;
   printf("\n");    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
     double **newm;
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  
      /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   x=vector(1,npar);        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   indx=ivector(1,npar);        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)      }
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
       for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {        newm=savm;
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     x[j]=1;        cov[1]=1.;
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
     }          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
     }        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
     printf("\n");                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   }        savm=oldm;
         oldm=newm;
   /* Recompute Inverse */      }
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
           /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");           */
         }
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    } /* end h */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    return po;
     x[j]=1;  }
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
       y[i][j]=x[i];  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);  double func( double *x)
     }  {
     printf("\n");    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   }    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
   */    double **out;
     double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);    int s1, s2;
   free_vector(x,1,npar);    double bbh, survp;
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);    long ipmx;
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);    /*extern weight */
     /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
     /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
 }    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
       printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/    */
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])    cov[1]=1.;
 {  
   int i;    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
   int l=1, lmax=20;  
   double k1,k2;    if(mle==1){
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   double res;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   double fx;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   int k=0,kmax=10;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double l1;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
               savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   fx=func(x);            }
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){            newm=savm;
     l1=pow(10,l);            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     delts=delt;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
       delt = delta*(l1*k);            }
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       k1=func(p2)-fx;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;            savm=oldm;
       k2=func(p2)-fx;            oldm=newm;
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */          } /* end mult */
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */        
                /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
 #ifdef DEBUG          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
 #endif           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
         k=kmax;           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
       }           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
       }           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
         delts=delt;           */
       }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
     }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   }          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   delti[theta]=delts;          /* bias is positive if real duration
   return res;           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
             */
 }          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
           if( s2 > nlstate){ 
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known then the contribution
 {               to the likelihood is the probability to die between last step unit time and current 
   int i;               step unit time, which is also the differences between probability to die before dh 
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;               and probability to die before dh-stepm . 
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
   int k;          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
           and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
   fx=func(x);          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {          (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];          introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
     k1=func(p2)-fx;          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
            and month of death but the probability to survive from last
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;          probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
     k2=func(p2)-fx;          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
            mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;          lower mortality.
     k3=func(p2)-fx;            */
              lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;          }else{
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
     k4=func(p2)-fx;            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */          } 
 #ifdef DEBUG          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
 #endif          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   }          ipmx +=1;
   return res;          sw += weight[i];
 }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         } /* end of wave */
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/      } /* end of individual */
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)    }  else if(mle==2){
 {      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   int i,imax,j,k;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   double big,dum,sum,temp;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   double *vv;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
              for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   vv=vector(1,n);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   *d=1.0;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {            }
     big=0.0;          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)            newm=savm;
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     vv[i]=1.0/big;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   }            }
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       sum=a[i][j];            savm=oldm;
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];            oldm=newm;
       a[i][j]=sum;          } /* end mult */
     }        
     big=0.0;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
       sum=a[i][j];           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
       a[i][j]=sum;           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
         big=dum;           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
         imax=i;           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
       }           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
     }           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
     if (j != imax) {           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {           */
         dum=a[imax][k];          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         a[j][k]=dum;          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
       }          /* bias is positive if real duration
       *d = -(*d);           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
       vv[imax]=vv[j];           */
     }          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
     indx[j]=imax;          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;          /*lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.-+bh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* exponential interpolation */
     if (j != n) {          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
     }          ipmx +=1;
   }          sw += weight[i];
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
 ;        } /* end of wave */
 }      } /* end of individual */
     }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
 {        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   double sum;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
              for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     ip=indx[i];              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     sum=b[ip];            }
     b[ip]=b[i];          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     if (ii)            newm=savm;
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     else if (sum) ii=i;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     b[i]=sum;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   }            }
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
     sum=b[i];                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];            savm=oldm;
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];            oldm=newm;
   }          } /* end mult */
 }        
           /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
 /************ Frequencies ********************/          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
 {  /* Some frequencies */           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
             * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
   double *pp;           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
   FILE *ficresp;           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
             * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);           */
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {          /* bias is positive if real duration
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
     exit(0);           */
   }          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* linear interpolation */
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   j1=0;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
            /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   j=cptcoveff;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}          ipmx +=1;
            sw += weight[i];
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        } /* end of wave */
       j1++;      } /* end of individual */
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
         scanf("%d", i);*/      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
                    oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       dateintsum=0;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       k2cpt=0;            }
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
         bool=1;            newm=savm;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
               bool=0;            }
         }          
         if (bool==1) {            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);            savm=oldm;
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {            oldm=newm;
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;          } /* end mult */
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;        
               if (m<lastpass) {          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
               }            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
                        }else{
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;          }
                 k2cpt++;          ipmx +=1;
               }          sw += weight[i];
             }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           }  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
         }        } /* end of wave */
       }      } /* end of individual */
            }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       if  (cptcovn>0) {        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            }
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");            newm=savm;
                  cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         if(i==(int)agemax+3)              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
           printf("Total");            }
         else          
           printf("Age %d", i);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)            savm=oldm;
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];            oldm=newm;
         }          } /* end mult */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);          ipmx +=1;
           else          sw += weight[i];
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         }          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
         } /* end of wave */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      } /* end of individual */
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    } /* End of if */
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
         }    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
     l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)    return -l;
           pos += pp[jk];  }
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  
           if(pos>=1.e-5)  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
             printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);  double funcone( double *x)
           else  {
             printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
           if( i <= (int) agemax){    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
             if(pos>=1.e-5){    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);    double **out;
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/    double llt;
             }    int s1, s2;
             else    double bbh, survp;
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);    /*extern weight */
           }    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
         }    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
            /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    */
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);    cov[1]=1.;
         if(i <= (int) agemax)  
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
         printf("\n");  
       }    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     }      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   }      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   fclose(ficresp);            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);          }
          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   /* End of Freq */          newm=savm;
 }          cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
 /************ Prevalence ********************/            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)          }
 {  /* Some frequencies */          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;          savm=oldm;
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */          oldm=newm;
   double *pp;        } /* end mult */
   double pos, k2;        
         s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
          /* bias is positive if real duration
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   j1=0;         */
          if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
   j=cptcoveff;          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        } else if (mle==1){
            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){        } else if(mle==2){
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
       j1++;        } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
                lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)            lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)        } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
              } /* End of if */
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        ipmx +=1;
         bool=1;        sw += weight[i];
         if  (cptcovn>0) {        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)  /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])        if(globpr){
               bool=0;          fprintf(ficresilk,"%ld %6d %1d %1d %1d %1d %3d %10.6f %6.4f\
         }   %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f ", \
         if (bool==1) {                  num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;          }
               if (m<lastpass) {          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
                 if (calagedate>0)        }
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];      } /* end of wave */
                 else    } /* end of individual */
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
               }    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
             }    if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
           }      gipmx=ipmx;
         }      gsw=sw;
       }    }
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){    return -l;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  }
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)  
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  
         }  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  {
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];       the selection of individuals/waves and
         }       to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
               Plotting could be done.
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     */
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    int k;
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  
         }    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums no printings */
              strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];      strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
              if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
           if( i <= (int) agemax){        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
             if(pos>=1.e-5){      }
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
             }      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight out sav ");
           }      /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
         }      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
                fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
       }      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
     }    }
   }  
     *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
      if(*globpri !=0){
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);      fclose(ficresilk);
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",fileresilk,fileresilk);
        fflush(fichtm); 
 }  /* End of Freq */    } 
     return;
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/  }
   
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
 {  
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).  {
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i    int i,j, iter;
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]    double **xi;
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.    double fret;
      */    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
     char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
   int i, mi, m;    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
         xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   double sum=0.;    strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
   jmin=1e+5;    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
   jmax=-1;    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
   jmean=0.;      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
     mi=0;    }
     m=firstpass;    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       if(s[m][i]>=1)      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         mw[++mi][i]=m;        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       if(m >=lastpass)    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
         break;  
       else    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
         m++;  
     }/* end while */    fclose(ficrespow);
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
          /* Only death is a correct wave */  
       mw[mi][i]=m;  }
     }  
   /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
     wav[i]=mi;  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
     if(mi==0)  {
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
   }    double **hess;
     int i, j,jk;
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){    int *indx;
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){  
       if (stepm <=0)    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
         dh[mi][i]=1;    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
       else{    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {  
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */  
           k=k+1;    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
           sum=sum+j;      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
           }      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
         }      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
         else{      /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));    }
           k=k+1;    
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */        if (j>i) { 
           sum=sum+j;          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
         }          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
         jk= j/stepm;          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
         jl= j -jk*stepm;          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
         if(jl <= -ju)        }
           dh[mi][i]=jk;      }
         else    }
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;    printf("\n");
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */  
       }    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     }    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
   }    
   jmean=sum/k;    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
  }    x=vector(1,npar);
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/    indx=ivector(1,npar);
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
 {      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   int cptcode=0;  
   cptcoveff=0;    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
        for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;      x[j]=1;
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      }
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);    }
       Ndum[ij]++;  
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
       for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
     }      }
     ij=1;      printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {  
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {    /* Recompute Inverse */
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
              ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
           ij++;  
         }    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;  
       }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
     }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
   }        x[j]=1;
       lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         y[i][j]=x[i];
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
       ij=Tvar[i];        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
       Ndum[ij]++;      }
     }      printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  ij=1;    }
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {    */
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){  
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
      ij++;    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
    }    free_vector(x,1,npar);
  }    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
      free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
     cptcoveff=ij-1;  
 }  
   }
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/  
   /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )  double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
   {
 {    int i;
   /* Health expectancies */    int l=1, lmax=20;
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;    double k1,k2;
   double age, agelim, hf;    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;    double res;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
   double *xp;    double fx;
   double **gp, **gm;    int k=0,kmax=10;
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;    double l1;
   int theta;  
     fx=func(x);
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   xp=vector(1,npar);    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);      l1=pow(10,l);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);      delts=delt;
        for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");        delt = delta*(l1*k);
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        k1=func(p2)-fx;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);        k2=func(p2)-fx;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
         res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
   if(estepm < stepm){        
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);  #ifdef DEBUG
   }        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   else  hstepm=estepm;          fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months  #endif
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear          k=kmax;
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according        }
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear        }
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */          delts=delt;
         }
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */      }
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.    }
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim    delti[theta]=delts;
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.    return res; 
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size    
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */  }
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the  
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if  {
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same    int i;
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
   */    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
     int k;
   agelim=AGESUP;  
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    fx=func(x);
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */      k1=func(p2)-fx;
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);      k2=func(p2)-fx;
     
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);        k3=func(p2)-fx;
      
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
       k4=func(p2)-fx;
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
   #ifdef DEBUG
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  #endif
       }    }
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      return res;
    }
       cptj=0;  
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
           cptj=cptj+1;  { 
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    int i,imax,j,k; 
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
           }    double *vv; 
         }   
       }    vv=vector(1,n); 
          *d=1.0; 
          for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)      big=0.0; 
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
            if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
       cptj=0;      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    } 
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
           cptj=cptj+1;      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){        sum=a[i][j]; 
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
           }        a[i][j]=sum; 
         }      } 
       }      big=0.0; 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){        sum=a[i][j]; 
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
         }          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
      }        a[i][j]=sum; 
            if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
 /* End theta */          big=dum; 
           imax=i; 
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);        } 
       } 
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)      if (j != imax) { 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          dum=a[imax][k]; 
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
                a[j][k]=dum; 
         } 
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)        *d = -(*d); 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;      } 
       indx[j]=imax; 
      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){      if (j != n) { 
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);      } 
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)    } 
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;  ;
       }  } 
     }  
     /* Computing expectancies */  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  { 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    double sum; 
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;   
              for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/      ip=indx[i]; 
       sum=b[ip]; 
         }      b[ip]=b[i]; 
       if (ii) 
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     cptj=0;      else if (sum) ii=i; 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      b[i]=sum; 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    } 
         cptj++;    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );      sum=b[i]; 
       }      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
        } 
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  } 
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);  /************ Frequencies ********************/
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint)
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  {  /* Some frequencies */
   }    
   printf("\n");    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
     int first;
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    double *pp, **prop;
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);    FILE *ficresp;
 }    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
     
 /************ Variance ******************/    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm)    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
 {    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
   /* Variance of health expectancies */    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
   double **newm;      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;      exit(0);
   int k, cptcode;    }
   double *xp;    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
   double **gp, **gm;    j1=0;
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;    
   double ***p3mat;    j=cptcoveff;
   double age,agelim, hf;    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   int theta;  
     first=1;
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");  
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        j1++;
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");          scanf("%d", i);*/
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
   xp=vector(1,npar);          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
    
   if(estepm < stepm){      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   }          prop[i][m]=0;
   else  hstepm=estepm;          
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */        dateintsum=0;
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.        k2cpt=0;
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.          bool=1;
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size          if  (cptcovn>0) {
      and note for a fixed period like k years */            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it                bool=0;
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if          }
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same          if (bool==1){
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
   */              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */              /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
   agelim = AGESUP;                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */                if (m<lastpass) {
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);                }
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);                
                 if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */                  k2cpt++;
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);                }
       }                /*}*/
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);              }
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          }
         }
       if (popbased==1) {         
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  
       }        if  (cptcovn>0) {
            fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)        }
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
         }          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
       }        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
            
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          if(i==iagemax+3){
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);              fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          }else{
              if(first==1){
       if (popbased==1) {              first=0;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              printf("See log file for details...\n");
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];            }
       }            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
           }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];          }
         }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       }            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
               pos += freq[jk][m][i];
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){              if(first==1){
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
         }              }
     } /* End theta */              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
             }else{
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);              if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)            }
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          }
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];  
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)          }       
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;          for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             pos += pp[jk];
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){            posprop += prop[jk][i];
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){          }
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);            if(pos>=1.e-5){
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)              if(first==1)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
       }            }else{
     }              if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){            if( i <= iagemax){
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);              if(pos>=1.e-5){
       }                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");                /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);              }
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);              else
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            }
   } /* End age */          }
            
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
               if(first==1)
 }                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
                 fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/              }
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)          if(i <= iagemax)
 {            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */          if(first==1)
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/            printf("Others in log...\n");
   double **newm;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   double **dnewm,**doldm;        }
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;      }
   int k, cptcode;    }
   double *xp;    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
   double *gp, *gm;   
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    fclose(ficresp);
   double age,agelim;    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
   int theta;    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
        free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");    /* End of Freq */
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");  }
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);  /************ Prevalence ********************/
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");  void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
   {  
   xp=vector(1,npar);    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);       We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
      */
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */   
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
   agelim = AGESUP;    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    double *pp, **prop;
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    double pos,posprop; 
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */    int iagemin, iagemax;
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);  
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);    iagemin= (int) agemin;
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);    iagemax= (int) agemax;
     /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    j1=0;
       }    
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    j=cptcoveff;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];    
        for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        j1++;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
             prop[i][m]=0.0;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)       
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
     } /* End theta */          bool=1;
           if  (cptcovn>0) {
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
               if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)                bool=0;
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          } 
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];          if (bool==1) { 
             for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)                if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
                   /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );                  prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                  prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));                } 
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");              }
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);            } /* end selection of waves */
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);          }
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);        }
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
   } /* End age */          
           for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);            posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);          } 
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
 }            if( i <=  iagemax){ 
               if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
 void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)              } 
 {            } 
   int i, j,  i1, k1, l1;          }/* end jk */ 
   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;        }/* end i */ 
   int k=0,l, cptcode;      } /* end i1 */
   int first=1;    } /* end k1 */
   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2;    
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
   double *xp;    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
   double *gp, *gm;    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
   double **gradg, **trgradg;  }  /* End of prevalence */
   double **mu;  
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */  
   int theta;  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];  {
   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
   double ***varpij;       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
        and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");       */
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);  
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {    int i, mi, m;
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
   }       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov");    int first;
   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {    double sum=0.;
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);    first=0;
   }    jmin=1e+5;
   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor");    jmax=-1;
   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);    jmean=0.;
   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);      mi=0;
   }      m=firstpass;
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);        if(s[m][i]>=1)
   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);          mw[++mi][i]=m;
          if(m >=lastpass)
   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");          break;
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");        else
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");          m++;
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");      }/* end while */
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
         /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
            /* Only death is a correct wave */
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        mw[mi][i]=m;
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      }
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);  
       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);      wav[i]=mi;
       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);      if(mi==0){
     }          if(first==0){
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");          printf("Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");          first=1;
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");        }
   xp=vector(1,npar);        if(first==1){
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));        }
   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);      } /* end mi==0 */
   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);    } /* End individuals */
   first=1;  
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
     exit(0);        if (stepm <=0)
   }          dh[mi][i]=1;
   else{        else{
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
   }            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {              j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);              if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
     exit(0);              else if(j<0){
   }                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
   else{                j=1; /* Careful Patch */
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<H2> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h2>\n");                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");                fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
               }
   }              k=k+1;
   cov[1]=1;              if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
   j=cptcoveff;              if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}              sum=sum+j;
   j1=0;              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
   for(k1=1; k1<=1;k1++){              /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){            }
     j1++;          }
           else{
     if  (cptcovn>0) {            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
       fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");            /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
       fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");            k=k+1;
       fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
       fprintf(fichtm, "\n<h4>********** Variable</h4>\n ");            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
       fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
       for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
       fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");            if(j<0){
       for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);              printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
       fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");              fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
       for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);            }
       fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");            sum=sum+j;
       for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);          }
       fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");          jk= j/stepm;
       for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);          jl= j -jk*stepm;
       fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n#");          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
     }          if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
                if(jl==0){
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){              dh[mi][i]=jk;
         cov[2]=age;              bh[mi][i]=0;
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
         }              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];              bh[mi][i]=ju;
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)            }
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];          }else{
                    if(jl <= -ju){
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));              dh[mi][i]=jk;
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));                                   * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));                                   */
                }
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){            else{
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);              bh[mi][i]=ju;
                      }
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
                        dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
           k=0;              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){              /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){            }
               k=k+1;          } /* end if mle */
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];        }
             }      } /* end wave */
           }    }
              jmean=sum/k;
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
       }
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);  
           k=0;  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  {
               k=k+1;    
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
             }    int cptcode=0;
           }    cptcoveff=0; 
         
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];      for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
         }  
     for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)                                 modality*/ 
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
                Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
                                                 Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
              }
         k=0;  
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
             k=k+1;      }
             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];  
           }      ij=1; 
         }      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
             /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);            
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){            ij++;
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));          }
      }*/          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
         }  
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);      } 
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);    }  
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);  
    for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)  
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);     ij=Tvar[i];
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);     Ndum[ij]++;
         }   }
         i=0;  
         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){   ij=1;
           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
             i=i++;     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);       ij++;
             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){     }
               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);   }
               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));   
             }   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
           }  }
         }/* end of loop for state */  
       } /* end of loop for age */  /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
         /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/  
       for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
         for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){  
           if(l1==k1) continue;  {
           i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;    /* Health expectancies */
           for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
             for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){    double age, agelim, hf;
               if(l2==k2) continue;    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
               j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
               if(j<=i) continue;    double *xp;
               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){    double **gp, **gm;
                 if ((int)age %5==0){    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;    int theta;
                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;  
                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;    xp=vector(1,npar);
                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
                   lc1=(v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12));    
                   lc2=(v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12));    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
                   printf("Var %.4e %.4e cov %.4e Eigen %.3e %.3e\n",v1,v2,cv12,lc1,lc2);    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
                   /* Eigen vectors */    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
                   v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11);        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
                   v12=-v21;    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
                   v22=v11;  
                   /*printf(fignu*/    if(estepm < stepm){
                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v21*lc2*sin(t) */    }
                   if(first==1){    else  hstepm=estepm;   
                     first=0;    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;set nolabel");     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k2,l2,k1,l1);     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k2,l2,k1,l1,optionfilefiname,k2,l2,k1,l1,optionfilefiname,k2,l2,k1,l1);     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">, ",optionfilefiname,k2,l2,k1,l1);     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname,k2,l2,k1,l1);     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu2,mu1);     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k2,l2,k1,l1);     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) t \"%d\"",\     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \  
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),(int) age);    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
                   }else{    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
                     first=0;       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k2,l2,k1,l1);       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu2,mu1);       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) t \"%d\"",\       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),(int) age);       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
                   }/* if first */       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
                 } /* age mod 5 */       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
               } /* end loop age */       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname,k2,l2,k1,l1);    */
               first=1;    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
             } /*l12 */  
           } /* k12 */    agelim=AGESUP;
         } /*l1 */    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       }/* k1 */      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     } /* loop covariates */      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   }      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  
   fclose(ficresprob);      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
   fclose(ficresprobcov);         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
   fclose(ficresprobcor);      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
   fclose(ficgp);   
   fclose(fichtm);  
 }      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   
       /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/  
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
                   int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
                   int popforecast, int estepm ,\        }
                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){    
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;        cptj=0;
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);            cptj=cptj+1;
   }            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
               gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li>Result files (first order: no variance)<br>\n            }
  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n          }
  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n        }
  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n       
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months):       
    <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
   jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li> Result files (second order: variances)<br>\n        
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n        cptj=0;
  - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n            cptj=cptj+1;
  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n  
  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             }
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n          }
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n        }
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
  else            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);          }
 fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");       } 
      
  m=cptcoveff;  /* End theta */
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  
        trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
  jj1=0;  
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
      jj1++;          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
      if (cptcovn > 0) {            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");       
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)  
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);       for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
      }          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
      /* Pij */  
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
 <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);           fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
      /* Quasi-incidences */       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
 <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
        }        }
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {      }
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident      /* Computing expectancies */
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
      }          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>            
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
      }  
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and          }
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>  
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
    }      cptj=0;
  }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 fclose(fichtm);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
 }          cptj++;
           fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/        }
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
      
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   int ng;      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
   }      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     }
 #ifdef windows    printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 #endif  
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
  /* 1eme*/    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  }
   
 #ifdef windows  /************ Variance ******************/
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  {
 #endif    /* Variance of health expectancies */
 #ifdef unix    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    /* double **newm;*/
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
 #endif    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    int k, cptcode;
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    double *xp;
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
 }    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    double ***p3mat;
 }    double age,agelim, hf;
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    double ***mobaverage;
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    int theta;
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    char digit[4];
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    char digitp[25];
 }    
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #ifdef unix  
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n");    if(popbased==1){
 #endif      if(mobilav!=0)
    }        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
   }      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
   /*2 eme*/    }
     else 
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);  
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);    if (mobilav!=0) {
          mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
       k=2*i;        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      }
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    }
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");  
 }      strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
 }        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    }
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
 }      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
     }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   }        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
      }  
   /*3eme*/    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);      exit(0);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    }
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);    else{
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");    }
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);  /*   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) { */
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);  /*     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);  /*     exit(0); */
   /*   } */
 */  /*   else{ */
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   /*   } */
       }    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     }  
   }    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
      fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
   /* CV preval stat */    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
       k=3;    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);  
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);    xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
        
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);    
       }    if(estepm < stepm){
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);        printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }    }
   }      else  hstepm=estepm;   
      /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
   /* proba elementaires */    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
       if (k != i) {       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){       and note for a fixed period like k years */
            /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
           jk++;       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
         }       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
       }    */
     }    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
    }    agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng);      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        if (ng==2)      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        else      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");  
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);  
        i=1;      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
          k3=i;          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {        }
            if (k != k2){        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
              if(ng==2)        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);  
              else        if (popbased==1) {
                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);          if(mobilav ==0){
              ij=1;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                  ij++;              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
                }          }
                else        }
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    
              }        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
                          for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){                gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);          }
                ij=1;        }
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);           as a weighted average of prlim.
                    ij++;        */
                  }        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
                  else          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
                }        }    
                fprintf(ficgp,")");        /* end probability of death */
              }  
              fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
              i=i+ncovmodel;        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
            }        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
          }   
        }        if (popbased==1) {
      }          if(mobilav ==0){
    }            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
    fclose(ficgp);              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
 }  /* end gnuplot */          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
 /*************** Moving average **************/          }
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){        }
   
   int i, cpt, cptcod;        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;          }
            }
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){           as a weighted average of prlim.
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){        */
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           }          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
         }        }    
       }        /* end probability of death */
     }  
            for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
 }          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
           }
 /************** Forecasting ******************/  
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
            gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;        }
   int *popage;  
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;      } /* End theta */
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;  
   double ***p3mat;      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];  
       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
  agelim=AGESUP;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
             trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);  
        for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);    
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   }      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
           vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;  
       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
   if (mobilav==1) {        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
   }          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;        }
        }
   agelim=AGESUP;    
        /* pptj */
   hstepm=1;      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   anprojmean=yp;        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
   mprojmean=yp;      /* end ppptj */
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);      /*  x centered again */
   jprojmean=yp;      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;   
        if (popbased==1) {
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);        if(mobilav ==0){
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){        }else{ /* mobilav */ 
       k=k+1;          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {        }
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      }
       }               
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");      /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");         computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);         as a weighted average of prlim.
            */
            for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {        for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);        }    
       /* end probability of death */
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){  
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                  fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);          }
              } 
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {  
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
             }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                      }
                 if (mobilav==1)      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
                 else {      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
                 }      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
                      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
               }    } /* End age */
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
                            free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
               }    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
             }    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
           }    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
         }  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
       }  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
     }  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   }    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev);
            fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);
   fclose(ficresf);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);
 }    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
 /************** Forecasting ******************/  */
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);
    
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   int *popage;    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    fclose(ficgp);
   agelim=AGESUP;  /*   fclose(fichtm); */
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;  }  /* end varevsij */
    
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
    void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
    {
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {    double **newm;
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   }    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);    int k, cptcode;
     double *xp;
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;    double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
   if (mobilav==1) {    double age,agelim;
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    int theta;
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);     
   }    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   agelim=AGESUP;  
      xp=vector(1,npar);
   hstepm=1;    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      
   if (popforecast==1) {    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);    agelim = AGESUP;
     }    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);      if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
     i=1;        gp=vector(1,nlstate);
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
      
     imx=i;      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
   }          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       k=k+1;          gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");      
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       }        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);  
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {      } /* End theta */
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    
              trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){  
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
                    trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);          varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
              matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
             }  
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                      fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
                 if (mobilav==1)      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
                 else {      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
                 }      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
               }    } /* End age */
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){  
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
               }  
             }  }
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){  
               kk1=0.;  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];  {
                 }    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
             }    int k=0,l, cptcode;
     int first=1, first1;
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
           }    double *xp;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    double *gp, *gm;
         }    double **gradg, **trgradg;
       }    double **mu;
      double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
   /******/    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
     int theta;
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);      char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;    double ***varpij;
            
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    }
             }    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                    printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];          fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
               }    }
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);    strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
             }    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
           }    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
         }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       }    }
    }    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
   }    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
      printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
     printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
   if (popforecast==1) {    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);    
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
   }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
   fclose(ficrespop);    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
 }  
   
 /***********************************************/    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 /**************** Main Program *****************/      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
 /***********************************************/        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
 {      }  
    /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;   */
    xp=vector(1,npar);
   double fret;    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   double **xi,tmp,delta;    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
   double ***p3mat;    first=1;
   int *indx;    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;      exit(0);
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */    }
   int c,  h , cpt,l;    else{
   int ju,jl, mi;      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;    }
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;  /*   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) { */
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;  /*     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
   int hstepm, nhstepm;  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;  /*     exit(0); */
   /*   } */
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;  /*   else{ */
   double ftolpl=FTOL;      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
   double **prlim;      fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
   double *severity;  
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");
   double  *p;      fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */  
   double *delti; /* Scale */  /*   } */
   double ***eij, ***vareij;  
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */    cov[1]=1;
   double *epj, vepp;    tj=cptcoveff;
   double kk1, kk2;    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;    j1=0;
      for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];        j1++;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {
           fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
   char z[1]="c", occ;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
 #include <sys/time.h>          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
 #include <time.h>          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
            fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
   /* long total_usecs;          
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
   getcwd(pathcd, size);          
           
   printf("\n%s",version);          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
   if(argc <=1){          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");          fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
     scanf("%s",pathtot);          
   }          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
   else{          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
   }        }
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/        
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/          cov[2]=age;
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
             cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);          }
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   chdir(path);          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
   replace(pathc,path);            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   strcpy(fileres,"r");          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */      
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   /*---------arguments file --------*/            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {            
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
     goto end;            
   }            k=0;
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
   strcpy(filereso,"o");              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   strcat(filereso,fileres);                k=k+1;
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;              }
   }            }
             
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
     puts(line);            k=0;
     fputs(line,ficparo);            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
   }              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                k=k+1;
                 gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);              }
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);            }
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);       
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          }
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
   }            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   ungetc(c,ficpar);              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
            
              matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
   cptcovn=0;          free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;          free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */  
            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
   /* Read guess parameters */          
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */          k=0;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
     ungetc(c,ficpar);            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);              k=k+1;
     puts(line);              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
     fputs(line,ficparo);            }
   }          }
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
              for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)  
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){            }*/
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);  
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
       }          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  
       printf("\n");          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
     }          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
           }
   p=param[1][1];          i=0;
            for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){              i=i++;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
     puts(line);              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
   }                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
   ungetc(c,ficpar);              }
             }
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);          }/* end of loop for state */
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */        } /* end of loop for age */
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){  
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);        /*
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
       }          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");        */
       printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
     }        first1=1;
   }        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
   delti=delti3[1][1];          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
              if(l2==k2) continue;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
     ungetc(c,ficpar);              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                if(l1==k1) continue;
     puts(line);                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
     fputs(line,ficparo);                if(i<=j) continue;
   }                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                  if ((int)age %5==0){
                      v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
     printf("%s",str);                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);                    /* Eigen vectors */
     }                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
     printf("\n");                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");                    v12=-v21;
   }                    v22=v11;
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)                    tnalp=v21/v11;
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)                    if(first1==1){
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];                      first1=0;
                          printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
   printf("\n");                    }
                     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                     /*printf(fignu*/
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/                    if(first==1){
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */                      first=0;
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
     }                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
     /*-------- data file ----------*/                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
     }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                               mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     n= lastobs;                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);                    }else{
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);                      first=0;
     num=ivector(1,n);                      fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
     annais=vector(1,n);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
     andc=vector(1,n);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     agedc=vector(1,n);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
     cod=ivector(1,n);                    }/* if first */
     weight=vector(1,n);                  } /* age mod 5 */
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */                } /* end loop age */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);                first=1;
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);              } /*l12 */
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);                } /* k12 */
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);          } /*l1 */
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);        }/* k1 */
       } /* loop covariates */
     i=1;    }
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
            free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){    fclose(ficresprob);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);    fclose(ficresprobcov);
           strcpy(line,stra);    fclose(ficresprobcor);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    fclose(ficgp);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  }
         }  
          
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
                     double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
         }  /*   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    { */
         num[i]=atol(stra);  /*     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0); */
          /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0); */
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){  /*   } */
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/  
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n \
         i=i+1;   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n \
       }   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n \
     }   - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n \
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): \
        scanf("%d",i);*/     <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */    jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);
   
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;  
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;   m=cptcoveff;
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     }*/  
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){   jj1=0;
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
         jj1++;
         if (cptcovn > 0) {
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);       }
   Tage=ivector(1,15);             /* Pij */
           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br> \
   if (strlen(model) >1){  <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);     
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;       /* Quasi-incidences */
     j=nbocc(model,'+');       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');   before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br> \
     cptcovn=j+1;  <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1); 
     cptcovprod=j1;         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
             for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
     strcpy(modelsav,model);           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br> \
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){  <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);         }
       goto end;       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
     }          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br> \
      <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){       }
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);  health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>\
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/  <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/     } /* end i1 */
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {   }/* End k1 */
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {  
           cptcovprod--;  
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n\
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n\
           cptcovage++;   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n\
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n\
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n\
         }   - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n\
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n\
           cptcovprod--;   - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');  
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
           cptcovage++;  /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;  /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
         }  /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
         else {  /*  else  */
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');  /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');  
           Tprod[k1]=i;   m=cptcoveff;
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);  
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];   jj1=0;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];       jj1++;
           k1++;       if (cptcovn > 0) {
           k2=k2+2;         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
         }         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
       }           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
       else {         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/       }
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and period prevalence (with confident\
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);  interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>\
       }  <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);         }
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);     } /* end i1 */
         scanf("%d",i);*/   }/* End k1 */
     }   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
 }   fflush(fichtm);
    }
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);  
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   scanf("%d ",i);*/  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
     fclose(fic);  
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     /*  if(mle==1){*/    int ng;
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;      printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/    }
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);  
     /*#ifdef windows */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {      /*#endif */
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
          anint[m][i]=9999;    
          s[m][i]=-1;   /* 1eme*/
        }    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
       }       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
     }       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         if(s[m][i] >0){       }
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
             if(agedc[i]>0)       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/       } 
            else {       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1); 
               if (andc[i]!=9999){       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
               agev[m][i]=-1;         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
               }       }  
             }       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
           }     }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */    }
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);    /*2 eme*/
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)    
               agev[m][i]=1;    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);
               agemin=agev[m][i];      fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/      
             }      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){        k=2*i;
               agemax=agev[m][i];        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
             }          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/        }   
           }        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
           else { /* =9 */        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
             agev[m][i]=1;        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
             s[m][i]=-1;        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           }          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
         }          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         else /*= 0 Unknown */        }   
           agev[m][i]=1;        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
       }        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
            for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
     }          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){        }   
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");          else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
           goto end;      }
         }    }
       }    
     }    /*3eme*/
     
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);        k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
              
     wav=ivector(1,imx);        */
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
              
     /* Concatenates waves */        } 
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);      }
     }
     
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);    /* CV preval stable (period) */
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       ncodemax[1]=1;      for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);        k=3;
              fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
    h=0;        
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
            fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){        
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){        l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){        fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
            h++;        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
          }        }
        }        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
      }      } 
    }    }  
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);    
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */    /* proba elementaires */
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);        if (k != i) {
       }          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
       printf("\n");            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
       }            jk++; 
       scanf("%d",i);*/            fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
              }
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age        }
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */      }
      }
      
         for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng); 
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */         if (ng==2)
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */         else
                 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */         i=1;
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
            k3=i;
     if(mle==1){           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);             if (k != k2){
     }               if(ng==2)
                     fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
     /*--------- results files --------------*/               else
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);                 fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                 ij=1;
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
    jk=1;                 if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");                   ij++;
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){                 }
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){                 else
        if (k != i)                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
          {               }
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);               
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){               for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);                 ij=1;
              jk++;                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
            }                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
            printf("\n");                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");                     ij++;
          }                   }
      }                   else
    }                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
  if(mle==1){                 }
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */               }
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
  }               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");               i=i+ncovmodel;
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");             }
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){           } /* end k */
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){         } /* end k2 */
         if (j!=i) {       } /* end jk */
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);     } /* end ng */
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);     fclose(ficgp); 
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  }  /* end gnuplot */
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);  
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);  
             jk++;  /*************** Moving average **************/
           }  int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
           printf("\n");  
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");    int i, cpt, cptcod;
         }    int modcovmax =1;
       }    int mobilavrange, mob;
      }    double age;
      
     k=1;    modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");                             a covariate has 2 modalities */
     printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");    if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){  
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;    if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;      if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);      else mobilavrange=mobilav;
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       printf("%3d",i);          for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);         fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
       }         we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");      */ 
       printf("\n");      for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
       k++;        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
     }          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
       ungetc(c,ficpar);                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
       puts(line);                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
       fputs(line,ficparo);                }
     }              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);            }
     estepm=0;          }
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);        }/* end age */
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;      }/* end mob */
     if (fage <= 2) {    }else return -1;
       bage = ageminpar;    return 0;
       fage = agemaxpar;  }/* End movingaverage */
     }  
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");  /************** Forecasting ******************/
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);    /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
         agemin, agemax range of age
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){       dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
     ungetc(c,ficpar);       anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    */
     puts(line);    int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
     fputs(line,ficparo);    int *popage;
   }    double agec; /* generic age */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
      double *popeffectif,*popcount;
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);    double ***p3mat;
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    double ***mobaverage;
  fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
        
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    agelim=AGESUP;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);   
     puts(line);    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
     fputs(line,ficparo);    strcat(fileresf,fileres);
   }    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);    
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);      if (mobilav!=0) {
        mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     puts(line);      }
     fputs(line,ficparo);    }
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);    if(estepm < stepm){
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);    }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                                 fractional in yp1 */
     puts(line);    anprojmean=yp;
     fputs(line,ficparo);    yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
   }    mprojmean=yp;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);    if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);  
     i1=cptcoveff;
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/    fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);    
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");    fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);  /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
   }    for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
   fclose(ficgp);      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
  printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);        k=k+1;
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/        fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);          fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");        }
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {        fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);        fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
   }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
   fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n            fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n          fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
 \n        }
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n        for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n          fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">          fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
  <ul><li>Parameter files<br>\n  
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n          for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
   fclose(fichtm);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
  printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
              hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/          
  chdir(path);            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
                if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);                fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);                for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);                    fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
  free_ivector(num,1,n);                fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);              } 
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
  fclose(ficparo);                ppij=0.;
  fclose(ficres);                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/                  else {
                      ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");                  }
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);                  if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {                    fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;                  }
   }                } /* end i */
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);                if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");                  fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");                }
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);              }/* end j */
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");            } /* end h */
              free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);          } /* end agec */
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        } /* end yearp */
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      } /* end cptcod */
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    } /* end  cptcov */
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */         
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   k=0;  
   agebase=ageminpar;    fclose(ficresf);
   agelim=agemaxpar;  }
   ftolpl=1.e-10;  
   i1=cptcoveff;  /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}  populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
     
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    int *popage;
         k=k+1;    double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");    double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    double ***mobaverage;
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");  
            tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){    tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    agelim=AGESUP;
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );    calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);    prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");    
         }    
       }    strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     }    strcat(filerespop,fileres);
   fclose(ficrespl);    if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
      }
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;  
   }    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);  
      if (mobilav!=0) {
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   agelim=AGESUP;        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */      }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    }
    
   k=0;    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    
       k=k+1;    agelim=AGESUP;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");    
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    hstepm=1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");    
            if (popforecast==1) {
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */      if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      } 
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");      popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)      i=1;   
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);      while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");     
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      imx=i;
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );      for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    }
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)  
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);    for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
              }        k=k+1;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
         }          fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
     }        }
   }        fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
   varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
         if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
   fclose(ficrespij);        
         for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/          
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
   }            
   else{            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     erreur=108;            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
   }          
              for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/                fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
   strcpy(filerest,"t");              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
   strcat(filerest,fileres);                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;                  if (mobilav==1) 
   }                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);                  else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
   strcpy(filerese,"e");                }
   strcat(filerese,fileres);                if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {                  tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);                    /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
   }                      if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);                }
               }
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);                kk1=0.;
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {                  for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);                    kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
   }                  }
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);                    tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
   calagedate=-1;              }
 prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);  
               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
   k=0;                fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){            }
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       k=k+1;          }
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");        }
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)   
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    /******/
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");  
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);                fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;              } 
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);                for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                  kk1=0.;kk2=0;
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;                  kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
        varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm);                }
                    if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
               }
              }
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);          }
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");        }
      } 
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);    }
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){   
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         if (popbased==1) {  
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    if (popforecast==1) {
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];      free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
         }      free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
              free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);    }
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){    free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {    free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];    fclose(ficrespop);
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/  } /* End of popforecast */
           }  
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
         }  {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)      printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];      return (0);
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));    }
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){    fflush(fichier);
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));    return (1);
         }  }
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");  /***********************************************/
       }  /**************** Main Program *****************/
     }  /***********************************************/
   }  
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);  {
     free_vector(weight,1,n);    int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
   fclose(ficreseij);    int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
   fclose(ficresvij);    int jj;
   fclose(ficrest);    int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
   fclose(ficpar);    /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);    /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
      double agedeb, agefin,hf;
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/      double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");    double fret;
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);    double **xi,tmp,delta;
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     exit(0);    double ***p3mat;
   }    double ***mobaverage;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);    int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
   k=0;    char path[132],pathc[132],pathcd[132],pathtot[132],model[132];
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
       k=k+1;    int c,  h , cpt,l;
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    int ju,jl, mi;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");    int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
          int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    int hstepm, nhstepm;
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
     }  
  }    double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
   fclose(ficresvpl);    double **prlim;
     double *severity;
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/    double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    double  *p;
      double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    double ***delti3; /* Scale */
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    double *delti; /* Scale */
      double ***eij, ***vareij;
      double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    double *epj, vepp;
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    double kk1, kk2;
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  
      char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);  
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    char z[1]="c", occ;
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);  
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    char *strt, *strtend;
   fclose(fichtm);    char *stratrunc;
   fclose(ficgp);    int lstra;
    
     long total_usecs;
   if(erreur >0)    struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time;
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    struct timezone tzp;
   else   printf("End of Imach\n");    extern int gettimeofday();
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */    struct tm tmg, tm, *gmtime(), *localtime();
      long time_value;
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/    extern long time();
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/   
   /*------ End -----------*/    /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
  end:    tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
 #ifdef windows    strt=asctime(&tm);
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/  
 #endif  /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strt); */
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/  /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/  /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/  /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/  /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);  /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
  strcat(plotcmd," ");  /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);  /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
  system(plotcmd);  /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strt);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
 #ifdef windows  *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   while (z[0] != 'q') {  *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
     /* chdir(path); */  *  strt=asctime(&tm);
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");  *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strt); 
     scanf("%s",z);  */
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");  
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);    getcwd(pathcd, size);
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);  
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);    printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
   }    if(argc <=1){
 #endif      printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
 }      scanf("%s",pathtot);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 132)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("pathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
     replace(pathc,path);
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strt);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Localtime (at start)=%s",strt);
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     
     /* Read guess parameters */
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       j=0;
       for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
         if(jj==i) continue;
         j++;
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
           exit(1);
         }
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           else
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }  
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     p=param[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     /* delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
           exit(1);
         }
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       }
     }
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
     /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%s",str);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
       for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1){
           printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       numlinepar++;
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
     }
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
       for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
      
     if(mle==1)
       printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
       
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         }
           
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         } 
         lstra=strlen(stra);
         if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
           stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
           num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
         }
         else
           num[i]=atol(stra);
           
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
           printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
         i=i+1;
       }
     }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);
     fclose(fic);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a
                                    month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     fclose(ficgp);
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,\
             model,fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strt);
     /*fclose(fichtm);*/
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);
   
   /*   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
   /*   } */
   
   
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm, optionfilehtm)){ */
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
           imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
   /*     fclose(fichtm); */
   /*   } */
   
       pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
     printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
     for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
       printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
     printf("\n");
     globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
     likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
     printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
     for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
       printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
     printf("\n");
     if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
       mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
     }
       
     /*--------- results files --------------*/
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
     
   
     jk=1;
     fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) 
           {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
       }
     }
     if(mle!=0){
       /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
       ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
       hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if (j!=i) {
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             jk++;
           }
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     if(mle==1)
       printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     for(i=1,k=1;i<=npar;i++){
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
           i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
           fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
           printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
       */
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%3d",i);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1)
           printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       k++;
     }
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     estepm=0;
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
     if (fage <= 2) {
       bage = ageminpar;
       fage = agemaxpar;
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
     fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
    
   
     dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
     dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
   
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   
     /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
     /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
   
     printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
   
     printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                  model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                  jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
    
     /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
     chdir(path);
    
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
     free_lvector(num,1,n);
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);
     /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     fclose(ficparo);
     fclose(ficres);
   
   
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
     strcat(filerespl,fileres);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     ftolpl=1.e-10;
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
         printf("\n#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fclose(ficrespl);
   
     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
     fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
   
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
     fclose(ficrespij);
   
     probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
     /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
     if(prevfcast==1){
       /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
   /*      }  */
   /*      else{ */
   /*        erreur=108; */
   /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*      } */
     }
     
   
     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
     strcpy(filerest,"t");
     strcat(filerest,fileres);
     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
     strcpy(filerese,"e");
     strcat(filerese,fileres);
     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
     /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
     prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
   ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     */
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
         if(popbased==1){
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
         }
   
    
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav ==0){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
       }
     }
     free_vector(weight,1,n);
     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     
     /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
     }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
     /*  fclose(fichtm);*/
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/ /* ALready done */
     
   
     if(erreur >0){
       printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
     }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     strtend=asctime(&tm);
     printf("Localtime at start %s and at end=%s",strt, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Localtime at start %s and at end=%s",strt, strtend); 
     /*  printf("Total time used %d Sec\n", asc_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);*/
   
     printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Localtime at start %s and at end=%s<br>",strt, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     end:
   #ifdef windows
     /* chdir(pathcd);*/
   #endif 
    /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/
    /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
     strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     system(plotcmd);
     printf(" Wait...");
   
    /*#ifdef windows*/
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
       if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
       else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     /*#endif */
   }
   
   

Removed from v.1.48  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.87


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