Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.23 and 1.62

version 1.23, 2002/02/22 18:08:30 version 1.62, 2002/11/20 07:56:21
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolate Markov Chain     Interpolated Markov Chain
   
   Short summary of the programme:    Short summary of the programme:
      
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
   probabibility to be observed in state j at the second wave    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
   convergence.    convergence.
   
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.      account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,    states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   hPijx.    hPijx.
   
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
      
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
   from the European Union.    from the European Union.
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
   **********************************************************************/    **********************************************************************/
     
 #include <math.h>  #include <math.h>
 #include <stdio.h>  #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>  #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>  #include <unistd.h>
   
 #define MAXLINE 256  #define MAXLINE 256
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 /*#define DEBUG*/  #define FILENAMELENGTH 80
 #define windows  /*#define DEBUG*/
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */  #define windows
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
   #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */  
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
   #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
 #define NINTERVMAX 8  
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  #define NINTERVMAX 8
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 #define MAXN 20000  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */  #define MAXN 20000
 #define AGESUP 130  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
 #define AGEBASE 40  #define AGESUP 130
   #define AGEBASE 40
   #ifdef windows
 int erreur; /* Error number */  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 int nvar;  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;  #else
 int npar=NPARMAX;  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  #endif
 int ncovmodel, ncov;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */  
 int popbased=0;  char version[80]="Imach version 0.9, November 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";
   int erreur; /* Error number */
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */  int nvar;
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */  int npar=NPARMAX;
 int mle, weightopt;  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */  int popbased=0;
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */  
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf;  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
 FILE *ficgp, *fichtm,*ficresprob,*ficpop;  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 FILE *ficreseij;  int mle, weightopt;
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
  FILE  *ficresvij;  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
  FILE  *ficresvpl;             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
 #define NR_END 1  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
 #define FREE_ARG char*  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10  FILE *ficlog;
   FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
 #define NRANSI  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
 #define ITMAX 200  FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */
   FILE *ficreseij;
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
   FILE  *ficresvij;
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  FILE  *ficresvpl;
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char title[MAXLINE];
 #define GOLD 1.618034  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define TINY 1.0e-20  
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
    char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))  
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
 static double sqrarg;  #define NR_END 1
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  #define FREE_ARG char*
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
   
 int imx;  #define NRANSI 
 int stepm;  #define ITMAX 200 
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  
   #define TOL 2.0e-4 
 int m,nb;  
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 double dateintmean=0;  
   #define GOLD 1.618034 
 double *weight;  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 int **s; /* Status */  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
   #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    
   #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
 /**************** split *************************/  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )  
 {  static double sqrarg;
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  int imx; 
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  int stepm;
 #ifdef windows  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
    s = strrchr( path, '\\' );           /* find last / */  
 #else  int estepm;
    s = strrchr( path, '/' );            /* find last / */  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
 #endif  
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */  int m,nb;
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
       extern char       *getwd( );  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   double **pmmij, ***probs;
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  double dateintmean=0;
 #else  
       extern char       *getcwd( );  double *weight;
   int **s; /* Status */
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
 #endif  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  
       }  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */  /**************** split *************************/
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  {
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  
    }    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
 #ifdef windows    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
 #else      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
 #endif  #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */      extern char *getwd( );
    s++;  
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */      if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {
    l1= strlen( name);  #else
    l2= strlen( s)+1;      extern char *getcwd( );
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);  
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */  #endif
 }        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
       }
       strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
 /******************************************/    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
       ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
 void replace(char *s, char*t)      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
 {      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   int i;      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
   int lg=20;      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
   i=0;      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
   lg=strlen(t);    }
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
     (s[i] = t[i]);  #ifdef windows
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   }  #else
 }    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   #endif
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
 {    ss++;
   int i,j=0;    strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */
   int lg=20;    l1= strlen( name);
   i=0;    l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   lg=strlen(s);    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    finame[l1-l2]= 0;
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
   }  }
   return j;  
 }  
   /******************************************/
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  
 {  void replace(char *s, char*t)
   int i,lg,j,p=0;  {
   i=0;    int i;
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {    int lg=20;
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;    i=0;
   }    lg=strlen(t);
     for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   lg=strlen(t);      (s[i] = t[i]);
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
     (u[j] = t[j]);    }
   }  }
      u[p]='\0';  
   int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {  {
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);    int i,j=0;
   }    int lg=20;
 }    i=0;
     lg=strlen(s);
 /********************** nrerror ********************/    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
     if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
 void nrerror(char error_text[])    }
 {    return j;
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  }
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  
   exit(1);  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
 }  {
 /*********************** vector *******************/    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
 {       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
   double *v;    int i,lg,j,p=0;
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    i=0;
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
   return v-nl+NR_END;      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
 }    }
   
 /************************ free vector ******************/    lg=strlen(t);
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
 {      (u[j] = t[j]);
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    }
 }       u[p]='\0';
   
 /************************ivector *******************************/     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
 {    }
   int *v;  }
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");  /********************** nrerror ********************/
   return v-nl+NR_END;  
 }  void nrerror(char error_text[])
   {
 /******************free ivector **************************/    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
 {    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  }
 }  /*********************** vector *******************/
   double *vector(int nl, int nh)
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/  {
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    double *v;
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 {    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    return v-nl+NR_END;
   int **m;  }
    
   /* allocate pointers to rows */  /************************ free vector ******************/
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  {
   m += NR_END;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   m -= nrl;  }
    
    /************************ivector *******************************/
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  {
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    int *v;
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
      return v-nl+NR_END;
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  }
    
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  /******************free ivector **************************/
   return m;  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
 }  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/  }
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)  
       int **m;  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
 {  { 
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));    int **m; 
 }    
     /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
 /******************* matrix *******************************/    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
 {    m += NR_END; 
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    m -= nrl; 
   double **m;    
     
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
   m += NR_END;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
   m -= nrl;    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
     m[nrl] -= ncl; 
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
     return m; 
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  } 
   return m;  
 }  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
   void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
 /*************************free matrix ************************/        int **m;
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
 {       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  { 
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
 }    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
   } 
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/  
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  /******************* matrix *******************************/
 {  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  {
   double ***m;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
     double **m;
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   m += NR_END;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
   m -= nrl;    m += NR_END;
     m -= nrl;
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    m[nrl] += NR_END;
     m[nrl] -= ncl;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  
     for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    return m;
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  }
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  /*************************free matrix ************************/
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;  {
      free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;  }
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
   }  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
   return m;  {
 }    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
     double ***m;
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
 {    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));    m += NR_END;
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    m -= nrl;
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  
 }    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
 /***************** f1dim *************************/    m[nrl] += NR_END;
 extern int ncom;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
    
 double f1dim(double x)    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 {    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
   int j;    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
   double f;    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
   double *xt;    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
        m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
   xt=vector(1,ncom);    
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   return f;        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
 }    }
     return m;
 /*****************brent *************************/  }
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  
 {  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
   int iter;  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
   double a,b,d,etemp;  {
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
   double ftemp;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
   double e=0.0;  }
    
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  /***************** f1dim *************************/
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);  extern int ncom; 
   x=w=v=bx;  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {   
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  double f1dim(double x) 
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  { 
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/    int j; 
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);    double f;
 #ifdef DEBUG    double *xt; 
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);   
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
 #endif    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
       *xmin=x;    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
       return fx;    return f; 
     }  } 
     ftemp=fu;  
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {  /*****************brent *************************/
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);  { 
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;    int iter; 
       q=2.0*(q-r);    double a,b,d,etemp;
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
       q=fabs(q);    double ftemp;
       etemp=e;    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
       e=d;    double e=0.0; 
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))   
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
       else {    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
         d=p/q;    x=w=v=bx; 
         u=x+d;    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
       }      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
     } else {      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
     }      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  #ifdef DEBUG
     fu=(*f)(u);      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
     if (fu <= fx) {      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  #endif
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
         } else {        *xmin=x; 
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;        return fx; 
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {      } 
             v=w;      ftemp=fu;
             w=u;      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
             fv=fw;        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
             fw=fu;        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
             v=u;        q=2.0*(q-r); 
             fv=fu;        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
           }        q=fabs(q); 
         }        etemp=e; 
   }        e=d; 
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
   *xmin=x;          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   return fx;        else { 
 }          d=p/q; 
           u=x+d; 
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
             d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,        } 
             double (*func)(double))      } else { 
 {        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;      } 
   double fu;      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
        fu=(*f)(u); 
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);      if (fu <= fx) { 
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
   if (*fb > *fa) {        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)          } else { 
       }            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);              v=w; 
   while (*fb > *fc) {              w=u; 
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);              fv=fw; 
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);              fw=fu; 
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));              v=u; 
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);              fv=fu; 
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {            } 
       fu=(*func)(u);          } 
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {    } 
       fu=(*func)(u);    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
       if (fu < *fc) {    *xmin=x; 
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))    return fx; 
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))  } 
           }  
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
       u=ulim;  
       fu=(*func)(u);  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
     } else {              double (*func)(double)) 
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);  { 
       fu=(*func)(u);    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
     }    double fu; 
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)   
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
       }    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
 }    if (*fb > *fa) { 
       SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
 /*************** linmin ************************/        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
         } 
 int ncom;    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
 double *pcom,*xicom;    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);    while (*fb > *fc) { 
        r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
 {      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
   double f1dim(double x);      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,        fu=(*func)(u); 
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
   int j;        fu=(*func)(u); 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;        if (fu < *fc) { 
   double fx,fb,fa;          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
              SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
   ncom=n;            } 
   pcom=vector(1,n);      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
   xicom=vector(1,n);        u=ulim; 
   nrfunc=func;        fu=(*func)(u); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      } else { 
     pcom[j]=p[j];        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
     xicom[j]=xi[j];        fu=(*func)(u); 
   }      } 
   ax=0.0;      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
   xx=1.0;        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);        } 
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);  } 
 #ifdef DEBUG  
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);  /*************** linmin ************************/
 #endif  
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  int ncom; 
     xi[j] *= xmin;  double *pcom,*xicom;
     p[j] += xi[j];  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   }   
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);  { 
 }    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
                  double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
 /*************** powell ************************/    double f1dim(double x); 
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
             double (*func)(double []))                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
 {    int j; 
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
               double (*func)(double []));    double fx,fb,fa;
   int i,ibig,j;   
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;    ncom=n; 
   double fp,fptt;    pcom=vector(1,n); 
   double *xits;    xicom=vector(1,n); 
   pt=vector(1,n);    nrfunc=func; 
   ptt=vector(1,n);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   xit=vector(1,n);      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
   xits=vector(1,n);      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
   *fret=(*func)(p);    } 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    ax=0.0; 
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    xx=1.0; 
     fp=(*fret);    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
     ibig=0;    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
     del=0.0;  #ifdef DEBUG
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);  #endif
     printf("\n");    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {      xi[j] *= xmin; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];      p[j] += xi[j]; 
       fptt=(*fret);    } 
 #ifdef DEBUG    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
 #endif  } 
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);  
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  /*************** powell ************************/
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));              double (*func)(double [])) 
         ibig=i;  { 
       }    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
 #ifdef DEBUG                double (*func)(double [])); 
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    int i,ibig,j; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);    double fp,fptt;
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    double *xits;
       }    pt=vector(1,n); 
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)    ptt=vector(1,n); 
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    xit=vector(1,n); 
       printf("\n");    xits=vector(1,n); 
 #endif    *fret=(*func)(p); 
     }    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
 #ifdef DEBUG      fp=(*fret); 
       int k[2],l;      ibig=0; 
       k[0]=1;      del=0.0; 
       k[1]=-1;      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) 
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
       printf("\n");      fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {      printf("\n");
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
         }        fptt=(*fret); 
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));  #ifdef DEBUG
       }        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
 #endif        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
   #endif
         printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       free_vector(xit,1,n);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
       free_vector(xits,1,n);        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
       return;          ibig=i; 
     }        } 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");  #ifdef DEBUG
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       pt[j]=p[j];          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
     }          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
     if (fptt < fp) {        }
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       if (t < 0.0) {          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        }
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];        printf("\n");
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }  #endif
 #ifdef DEBUG      } 
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)  #ifdef DEBUG
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);        int k[2],l;
         printf("\n");        k[0]=1;
 #endif        k[1]=-1;
       }        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
     }        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
   }        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 }          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/        }
         printf("\n");
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 {        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
             printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   int i, ii,j,k;            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;          }
   double **matprod2();          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
   double **newm;        }
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */  #endif
   
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)  
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
     }        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
         free_vector(pt,1,n); 
    cov[1]=1.;        return; 
        } 
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     newm=savm;        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
      cov[2]=agefin;        pt[j]=p[j]; 
        } 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];      if (fptt < fp) { 
         /*printf("ij=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf\n",ij, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k]);*/        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
       }        if (t < 0.0) { 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
           }
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/  #ifdef DEBUG
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
             printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
     savm=oldm;            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
     oldm=newm;          }
     maxmax=0.;          printf("\n");
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       min=1.;  #endif
       max=0.;        }
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {      } 
         sumnew=0;    } 
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];  } 
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);  
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);  /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);  
       }  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
       maxmin=max-min;  {
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
     }       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){  
       return prlim;    int i, ii,j,k;
     }    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
   }    double **matprod2();
 }    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
     double **newm;
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
   
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
 {      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double s1, s2;        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   /*double t34;*/      }
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;  
      cov[1]=1.;
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){   
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/      newm=savm;
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/       cov[2]=agefin;
       }    
       ps[i][j]=s2;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
     }          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        }
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       }  
       ps[i][j]=s2;        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
     }        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
   }        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
   
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){      savm=oldm;
      s1=0;      oldm=newm;
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)      maxmax=0.;
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)        min=1.;
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);        max=0.;
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)          sumnew=0;
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
   } /* end i */        }
         maxmin=max-min;
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){      }
       ps[ii][jj]=0;      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
       ps[ii][ii]=1;        return prlim;
     }      }
   }    }
   }
   
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
    }  {
     printf("\n ");    double s1, s2;
     }    /*double t34;*/
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
 /*  
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
   goto end;*/      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
     return ps;        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
 }          /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
           s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
         }
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)        ps[i][j]=s2;
 {        /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times      }
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */          /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
   long i, j, k;        }
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)        ps[i][j]=s2;
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)      }
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)    }
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
   
   return out;    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
 }       s1=0;
       for(j=1; j<i; j++)
         s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
         s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
 {      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
      duration (i.e. until      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).    } /* end i */
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be  
      included manually here.    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
       for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
      */        ps[ii][jj]=0;
         ps[ii][ii]=1;
   int i, j, d, h, k;      }
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];    }
   double **newm;  
   
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);     }
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      printf("\n ");
     }      }
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){  /*
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
       newm=savm;    goto end;*/
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */      return ps;
       cov[1]=1.;  }
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)  
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  {
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
        b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
     /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,    long i, j, k;
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
       savm=oldm;      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
       oldm=newm;        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
     }          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    return out;
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];  }
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);  
          */  
       }  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
   } /* end h */  
   return po;  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
 }  {
     /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month 
        duration (i.e. until
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
 double func( double *x)       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
 {       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];       included manually here. 
   double **out;  
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */       */
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */  
   long ipmx;    int i, j, d, h, k;
   /*extern weight */    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */    double **newm;
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/  
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   */      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   cov[1]=1.;        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;      }
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)        newm=savm;
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){        cov[1]=1.;
         newm=savm;        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
         }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
                  cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));  
         savm=oldm;        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
         oldm=newm;        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
                out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
                             pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       } /* end mult */        savm=oldm;
              oldm=newm;
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);      }
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
       ipmx +=1;        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
       sw += weight[i];          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
     } /* end of wave */           */
   } /* end of individual */        }
     } /* end h */
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];    return po;
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */  }
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */  
   return -l;  
 }  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   double func( double *x)
   {
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
     double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))    double **out;
 {    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   int i,j, iter;    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   double **xi,*delti;    int s1, s2;
   double fret;    double bbh;
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    long ipmx;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    /*extern weight */
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
   printf("Powell\n");    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
     */
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));    cov[1]=1.;
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));  
     for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
 }  
     if(mle==1){
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
 {        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   double **hess;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   int i, j,jk;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int *indx;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             }
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);            newm=savm;
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
               cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);            }
           
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);            savm=oldm;
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);            oldm=newm;
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/          
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/          
   }          } /* end mult */
          
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
       if (j>i) {           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];               * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
       }           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
     }           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
   }           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
   printf("\n");           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
            * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");           */
            s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm;
   x=vector(1,npar);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));
   indx=ivector(1,npar);          /*lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.-bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
           ipmx +=1;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {          sw += weight[i];
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     x[j]=1;        } /* end of wave */
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);      } /* end of individual */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    }  else{ 
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   }        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);            }
     }          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     printf("\n");            newm=savm;
   }            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   /* Recompute Inverse */              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)            }
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];          
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                          1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");            savm=oldm;
             oldm=newm;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {          } /* end mult */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;        
     x[j]=1;          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);          ipmx +=1;
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){          sw += weight[i];
       y[i][j]=x[i];          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);        } /* end of wave */
     }      } /* end of individual */
     printf("\n");    } /* End of if */
   }    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
   */    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
     l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);    return -l;
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);  }
   free_vector(x,1,npar);  
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
   
   void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
 }  {
     int i,j, iter;
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/    double **xi,*delti;
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])    double fret;
 {    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   int i;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   int l=1, lmax=20;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
   double k1,k2;        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   double res;    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;  
   double fx;     printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
   int k=0,kmax=10;    fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   double l1;    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   
   fx=func(x);  }
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
     l1=pow(10,l);  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
     delts=delt;  {
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
       delt = delta*(l1*k);    double **hess;
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;    int i, j,jk;
       k1=func(p2)-fx;    int *indx;
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;  
       k2=func(p2)-fx;    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
          void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
 #ifdef DEBUG  
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
 #endif  
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
         k=kmax;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
       }      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
       }      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){      /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
         delts=delt;    }
       }    
     }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
   }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
   delti[theta]=delts;        if (j>i) { 
   return res;          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
            fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
 }          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
           hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
 {        }
   int i;      }
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;    }
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;    printf("\n");
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   int k;  
     printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
   fx=func(x);    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {    
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;    x=vector(1,npar);
     k1=func(p2)-fx;    indx=ivector(1,npar);
      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
     k2=func(p2)-fx;  
      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;      x[j]=1;
     k3=func(p2)-fx;      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
        for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;      }
     k4=func(p2)-fx;    }
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */  
 #ifdef DEBUG    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
 #endif    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
   }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
   return res;        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
 }        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
       }
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/      printf("\n");
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 {    }
   int i,imax,j,k;  
   double big,dum,sum,temp;    /* Recompute Inverse */
   double *vv;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
        for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
   vv=vector(1,n);    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   *d=1.0;  
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
     big=0.0;  
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");      x[j]=1;
     vv[i]=1.0/big;      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
   }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        y[i][j]=x[i];
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
       sum=a[i][j];        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];      }
       a[i][j]=sum;      printf("\n");
     }      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     big=0.0;    }
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {    */
       sum=a[i][j];  
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
       a[i][j]=sum;    free_vector(x,1,npar);
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
         big=dum;    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
         imax=i;  
       }  
     }  }
     if (j != imax) {  
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
         dum=a[imax][k];  double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];  {
         a[j][k]=dum;    int i;
       }    int l=1, lmax=20;
       *d = -(*d);    double k1,k2;
       vv[imax]=vv[j];    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
     }    double res;
     indx[j]=imax;    double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;    double fx;
     if (j != n) {    int k=0,kmax=10;
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);    double l1;
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;  
     }    fx=func(x);
   }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
 ;      l1=pow(10,l);
 }      delts=delt;
       for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])        delt = delta*(l1*k);
 {        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;        k1=func(p2)-fx;
   double sum;        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
          k2=func(p2)-fx;
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
     ip=indx[i];        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
     sum=b[ip];        
     b[ip]=b[i];  #ifdef DEBUG
     if (ii)        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
     else if (sum) ii=i;  #endif
     b[i]=sum;        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
   }        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {          k=kmax;
     sum=b[i];        }
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
   }        }
 }        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
           delts=delt;
 /************ Frequencies ********************/        }
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2)      }
 {  /* Some frequencies */    }
      delti[theta]=delts;
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    return res; 
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */    
   double *pp;  }
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;  
   FILE *ficresp;  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];  {
     int i;
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);    int k;
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);    fx=func(x);
     exit(0);    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
   }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
   j1=0;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       k1=func(p2)-fx;
   j=cptcoveff;    
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){      k2=func(p2)-fx;
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    
        j1++;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
          scanf("%d", i);*/      k3=func(p2)-fx;
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)      
          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)        p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
              freq[i][jk][m]=0;      k4=func(p2)-fx;
       res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
         dateintsum=0;  #ifdef DEBUG
         k2cpt=0;      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
          bool=1;  #endif
          if  (cptcovn>0) {    }
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)    return res;
              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])  }
                bool=0;  
          }  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
          if (bool==1) {  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){  { 
              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);    int i,imax,j,k; 
              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;    double *vv; 
                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;   
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];    vv=vector(1,n); 
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];    *d=1.0; 
                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;      big=0.0; 
                  k2cpt++;      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
                }        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
       if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
              }      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
            }    } 
          }    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
        }      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
         if  (cptcovn>0) {        sum=a[i][j]; 
          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);        a[i][j]=sum; 
        fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");      } 
         }      big=0.0; 
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);        sum=a[i][j]; 
        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
                  sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
   for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){        a[i][j]=sum; 
     if(i==(int)agemax+3)        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
       printf("Total");          big=dum; 
     else          imax=i; 
       printf("Age %d", i);        } 
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      } 
       for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)      if (j != imax) { 
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
     }          dum=a[imax][k]; 
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
       for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)          a[j][k]=dum; 
         pos += freq[jk][m][i];        } 
       if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)        *d = -(*d); 
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
       else      } 
         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);      indx[j]=imax; 
     }      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
       if (j != n) { 
      for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
       for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];      } 
      }    } 
     free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
     for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)  ;
       pos += pp[jk];  } 
     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  
       if(pos>=1.e-5)  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);  { 
       else    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    double sum; 
       if( i <= (int) agemax){   
         if(pos>=1.e-5){    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
           fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);      ip=indx[i]; 
           probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;      sum=b[ip]; 
           /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/      b[ip]=b[i]; 
         }      if (ii) 
       else        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
           fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);      else if (sum) ii=i; 
       }      b[i]=sum; 
     }    } 
     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)      sum=b[i]; 
         if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     if(i <= (int) agemax)      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
       fprintf(ficresp,"\n");    } 
     printf("\n");  } 
     }  
     }  /************ Frequencies ********************/
  }  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;  {  /* Some frequencies */
      
   fclose(ficresp);    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);    int first;
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     double *pp;
   /* End of Freq */    double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
 }    FILE *ficresp;
     char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
 /************ Prevalence ********************/    
 void prevalence(int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
 {  /* Some frequencies */    probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
      strcpy(fileresp,"p");
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
   double *pp;      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
   double pos, k2;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       exit(0);
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);    }
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
      j1=0;
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);    
   j1=0;    j=cptcoveff;
      if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   j=cptcoveff;  
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    first=1;
    
  for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
       j1++;        j1++;
          /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)            scanf("%d", i);*/
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
                    freq[i][jk][m]=0;
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        
         bool=1;        dateintsum=0;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {        k2cpt=0;
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])          bool=1;
               bool=0;          if  (cptcovn>0) {
         }            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
         if (bool==1) {              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){                bool=0;
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);          }
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {          if (bool==1){
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
               freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3+1)] += weight[i];                  if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
             }                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
           }                if (m<lastpass) {
         }                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
       }                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];
                      }
         for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){                
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {
             for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];                  k2cpt++;
           }                }
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){              }
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)            }
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];          }
         }        }
                 
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  
              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];        if  (cptcovn>0) {
          }          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
                    for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
         }
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){                  for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
            if( i <= (int) agemax){          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
              if(pos>=1.e-5){        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;        
              }        for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){
            }          if(i==(int)agemax+3){
          }            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
                    }else{
         }            if(first==1){
     }              first=0;
   }              printf("See log file for details...\n");
              }
              fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);          }
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
              for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
 }  /* End of Freq */              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
           }
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
 {            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.              if(first==1){
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i              }
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.            }else{
      */              if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   int i, mi, m;              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;            }
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/          }
   
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   double sum=0.;            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
   jmin=1e+5;              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
   jmax=-1;          }
   jmean=0.;  
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)
     mi=0;            pos += pp[jk];
     m=firstpass;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){            if(pos>=1.e-5){
       if(s[m][i]>=1)              if(first==1)
         mw[++mi][i]=m;                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
       if(m >=lastpass)              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
         break;            }else{
       else              if(first==1)
         m++;                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     }/* end while */              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){            }
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */            if( i <= (int) agemax){
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */              if(pos>=1.e-5){
          /* Only death is a correct wave */                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);
       mw[mi][i]=m;                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
     }                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
               }
     wav[i]=mi;              else
     if(mi==0)                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);            }
   }          }
           
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
       if (stepm <=0)              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
         dh[mi][i]=1;              if(first==1)
       else{                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {              }
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);          if(i <= (int) agemax)
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
           k=k+1;          if(first==1)
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;            printf("Others in log...\n");
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           sum=sum+j;        }
           /* if (j<10) printf("j=%d num=%d ",j,i); */      }
           }    }
         }    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
         else{   
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));    fclose(ficresp);
           k=k+1;    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;    
           /*   if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */    /* End of Freq */
           sum=sum+j;  }
         }  
         jk= j/stepm;  /************ Prevalence ********************/
         jl= j -jk*stepm;  void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;  {  /* Some frequencies */
         if(jl <= -ju)   
           dh[mi][i]=jk;    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
         else    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;    double *pp;
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)    double pos, k2;
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */  
       }    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
     }    
   }    freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
   jmean=sum/k;    j1=0;
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    
  }    j=cptcoveff;
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)    
 {    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
   int cptcode=0;        j1++;
   cptcoveff=0;        
          for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
               freq[i][jk][m]=0;
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {       
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);          bool=1;
       Ndum[ij]++;          if  (cptcovn>0) {
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
     }                bool=0;
           } 
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {          if (bool==1) { 
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
     }              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
     ij=1;              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
                 if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
                 if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {                if (m<lastpass) {
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {                  if (calagedate>0) 
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {                    freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;                  else
           ij++;                    freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
         }                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i]; 
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;                }
       }                }
     }            }
   }            }
         }
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;        for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){ 
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
       ij=Tvar[i];              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
       Ndum[ij]++;          }
     }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
  ij=1;              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {          }
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncov)){          
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
      ij++;            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
    }              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
  }          }
            
     cptcoveff=ij-1;          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];
 }          
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/            if( i <= (int) agemax){
               if(pos>=1.e-5){
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij)                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
 {              }
   /* Health expectancies */            }
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;          }/* end jk */
   double age, agelim,hf;        }/* end i */
   double ***p3mat;      } /* end i1 */
      } /* end k1 */
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");  
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");    
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d",i,j);    
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");  }  /* End of Freq */
   
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /*  Every j years of age (in month) */  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */  
   void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
   agelim=AGESUP;  {
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
     /* Typically if 20 years = 20*12/6=40 stepm */       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically 40/4=10 */       */
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored    int i, mi, m;
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);         double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
     int first;
     int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double sum=0.;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    first=0;
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    jmin=1e+5;
           eij[i][j][(int)age] +=p3mat[i][j][h];    jmax=-1;
         }    jmean=0.;
        for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     hf=1;      mi=0;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;      m=firstpass;
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%.0f",age );      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        if(s[m][i]>=1)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          mw[++mi][i]=m;
         fprintf(ficreseij," %.4f", hf*eij[i][j][(int)age]);        if(m >=lastpass)
       }          break;
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");        else
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          m++;
   }      }/* end while */
 }      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
         mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
 /************ Variance ******************/        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)           /* Only death is a correct wave */
 {        mw[mi][i]=m;
   /* Variance of health expectancies */      }
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/  
   double **newm;      wav[i]=mi;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;      if(mi==0){
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;        if(first==0){
   int k, cptcode;          printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
   double *xp;          first=1;
   double **gp, **gm;        }
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;        if(first==1){
   double ***p3mat;          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);
   double age,agelim;        }
   int theta;      } /* end mi==0 */
     }
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");  
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        if (stepm <=0)
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);          dh[mi][i]=1;
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");        else{
           if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {
   xp=vector(1,npar);            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);            j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);            if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
              k=k+1;
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */            if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
   agelim = AGESUP;            sum=sum+j;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */            /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */            }
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;          }
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */          else{
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);            k=k+1;
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
             /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){            sum=sum+j;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */          }
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          jk= j/stepm;
       }          jl= j -jk*stepm;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);            ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          if(jl <= -ju){
             dh[mi][i]=jk;
       if (popbased==1) {            bh[mi][i]=jl;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          }
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];          else{
       }            dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
                  bh[mi][i]=ju;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          }
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          if(dh[mi][i]==0){
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)            dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];            bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
         }            printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);
       }          }
              if(i==298 || i==287 || i==763 ||i==1061)printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm);
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */        }
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      }
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      }
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    jmean=sum/k;
     printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
       if (popbased==1) {    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)   }
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  
       }  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
   void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  {
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];    int cptcode=0;
         }    cptcoveff=0; 
       }   
     for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
         }      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
     } /* End theta */                                 modality*/ 
         ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
         /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];      }
   
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;      }
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){  
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){      ij=1; 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j];            /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
       }            
     }            ij++;
     h=1;          }
     if (stepm >= YEARM) h=stepm/YEARM;          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );        }  
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      } 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    }  
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", h*vareij[i][j][(int)age]);  
       }   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");  
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);     ij=Tvar[i];
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);     Ndum[ij]++;
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);   }
   } /* End age */  
     ij=1;
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
        ij++;
 }     }
    }
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/   
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
 {  }
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */  
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/  /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   double **newm;  
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;  
   int k, cptcode;  {
   double *xp;    /* Health expectancies */
   double *gp, *gm;    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    double age, agelim, hf;
   double age,agelim;    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
   int theta;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
        double *xp;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");    double **gp, **gm;
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int theta;
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);  
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     xp=vector(1,npar);
   xp=vector(1,npar);    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    
      fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   agelim = AGESUP;      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;  
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */    if(estepm < stepm){
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);    }
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
       }     * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
         * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     } /* End theta */    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    */
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    agelim=AGESUP;
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);  
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
   } /* End age */   
   
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
   
 }       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
 void varprob(char fileres[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij)        }
 {        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   int i, j;    
   int k=0, cptcode;        cptj=0;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   double *xp;          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
   double *gp, *gm;            cptj=cptj+1;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
   int theta;            }
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];          }
         }
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");       
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);       
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   }        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   printf("Computing variance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);        
          cptj=0;
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   xp=vector(1,npar);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);            cptj=cptj+1;
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
                gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
   cov[1]=1;            }
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){          }
     cov[2]=age;        }
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,9);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)
     trgradg=matrix(1,9,1,npar);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
     gp=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
     gm=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));          }
           } 
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){     
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)  /* End theta */
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
             trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);  
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
       k=0;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)
       for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath); i++){          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
            k=k+1;       
           gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];  
         }       for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)
       }        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)
           varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)  
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
        for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
       k=0;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)
           k=k+1;            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)
           gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
         }        }
       }      }
            /* Computing expectancies */
        for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
            gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
     }          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)            
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
       trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];  
            }
      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,9,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  
      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,9,1,npar,1,9,gradg);      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       cptj=0;
      pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
      k=0;          cptj++;
      for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        }
          k=k+1;      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
          gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];     
         }      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
      }      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
            free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);
      /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
            }
     printf("\n");
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
      }*/  
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);
   for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     if (i== 2) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);  }
 if (i== 4) fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e %.3e ",gm[i],doldm[i][i]);  
   }  /************ Variance ******************/
   void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));  {
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));    /* Variance of health expectancies */
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);    /* double **newm;*/
 }    double **dnewm,**doldm;
  free_vector(xp,1,npar);    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
 fclose(ficresprob);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
  exit(0);    int k, cptcode;
 }    double *xp;
     double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
 /***********************************************/    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
 /**************** Main Program *****************/    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
 /***********************************************/    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
     double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])    double ***p3mat;
 {    double age,agelim, hf;
     double ***mobaverage;
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;    int theta;
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;    char digit[4];
   double agemin=1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;    char digitp[25];
   
   double fret;    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   double **xi,tmp,delta;  
     if(popbased==1){
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */      if(mobilav!=0)
   double ***p3mat;        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
   int *indx;      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];    }
   char title[MAXLINE];    else 
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
   char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];  
      if (mobilav!=0) {
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];      }
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];    }
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;  
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
   int c,  h , cpt,l;    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
   int ju,jl, mi;    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
   int hstepm, nhstepm;    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
   int *popage;/*boolprev=0 if date and zero if wave*/      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
     }
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   double ftolpl=FTOL;    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   double **prlim;    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");
   double *severity;    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   double  *p;      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
   double *delti; /* Scale */    }  
   double ***eij, ***vareij;    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
   double *epj, vepp;      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
   double kk1, kk2;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;      exit(0);
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean, calagedate;    }
   double yp,yp1,yp2;    else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
   char version[80]="Imach version 0.7, February 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";    }
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
   char z[1]="c", occ;      exit(0);
 #include <sys/time.h>    }
 #include <time.h>    else{
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s (à revoir) <br>\n",digitp);
   /* long total_usecs;    }
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
    
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
     fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   printf("\n%s",version);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   if(argc <=1){        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
     scanf("%s",pathtot);  
   }    xp=vector(1,npar);
   else{    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   }    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);  
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);    
   chdir(path);    if(estepm < stepm){
   replace(pathc,path);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
   strcpy(fileres,"r");    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
   /*---------arguments file --------*/       and note for a fixed period like k years */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
     goto end;       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
   }       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
   strcpy(filereso,"o");    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   strcat(filereso,fileres);    agelim = AGESUP;
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
   }      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
       p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncov, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncov,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);  
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        if (popbased==1) {
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          if(mobilav ==0){
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     puts(line);              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     fputs(line,ficparo);          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   }            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   ungetc(c,ficpar);              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
            }
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);    
   cptcovn=0;        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */          }
          }
   /* Read guess parameters */        /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
     ungetc(c,ficpar);            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        }    
     puts(line);        /* end force of mortality */
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
   }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)   
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){        if (popbased==1) {
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);          if(mobilav ==0){
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);          }
       }        }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  
       printf("\n");        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     }            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;          }
         }
   p=param[1][1];        /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
          for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */          for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        }    
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        /* end force of mortality */
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
   }          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
           }
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){        }
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){  
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);      } /* End theta */
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);  
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
       }            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  
       printf("\n");      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     }          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
   }  
   delti=delti3[1][1];      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
     puts(line);        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   }          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
              for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){        }
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);      }
     printf("%s",str);  
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);      /* pptj */
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
     }          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");      /* end ppptj */
     printf("\n");      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   }   
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)      if (popbased==1) {
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)        if(mobilav ==0){
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
   printf("\n");        }else{ /* mobilav */ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
     /*-------- data file ----------*/        }
     if((ficres =fopen(fileres,"w"))==NULL) {      }
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileres);goto end;      
     }      /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);      for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;      }    
     }      /* end force of mortality */
   
     n= lastobs;      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
     num=ivector(1,n);        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
     moisnais=vector(1,n);          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
     annais=vector(1,n);        }
     moisdc=vector(1,n);      } 
     andc=vector(1,n);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     agedc=vector(1,n);  
     cod=ivector(1,n);      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
     weight=vector(1,n);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);        }
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);          free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     i=1;      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {    } /* End age */
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
            free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
           strcpy(line,stra);    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
         }    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
            fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,digitp,digit);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
         for (j=ncov;j>=1;j--){    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
         }    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
         num[i]=atol(stra);    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
            free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
         i=i+1;    fclose(ficgp);
       }    fclose(fichtm);
     }  }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);  
        scanf("%d",i);*/  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
   {
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;    double **newm;
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     }    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     int k, cptcode;
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)    double *xp;
     if (covar[1][i]==0) printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));*/    double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/    double age,agelim;
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);    int theta;
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);     
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
   Tage=ivector(1,15);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
            fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
   if (strlen(model) >1){    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;  
     j=nbocc(model,'+');    xp=vector(1,npar);
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     cptcovn=j+1;    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     cptcovprod=j1;    
        hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
        hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     strcpy(modelsav,model);    agelim = AGESUP;
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       goto end;      if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
     }      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);  
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');        }
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
           cptcovprod--;        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');          gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);      
           cptcovage++;        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
         }        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
           cptcovprod--;  
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
           cptcovage++;      } /* End theta */
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;  
         }      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
         else {  
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           Tvar[i]=ncov+k1;        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
           Tprod[k1]=i;  
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);        varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
             covar[ncov+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
           k1++;  
           k2=k2+2;      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
         }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       }        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
       else {      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
       }    } /* End age */
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);    
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         scanf("%d",i);*/    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     }    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
 }  
    }
   /*printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);  
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   scanf("%d ",i);*/  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
     fclose(fic);  {
     int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
     /*  if(mle==1){*/    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/    int k=0,l, cptcode;
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;    int first=1, first1;
     }    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);    double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)    double **gradg, **trgradg;
      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++)    double **mu;
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
          anint[m][i]=9999;    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
          s[m][i]=-1;    int theta;
        }    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
        char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);  
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){    double ***varpij;
         if(s[m][i] >0){  
           if (s[m][i] == nlstate+1) {    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
             if(agedc[i]>0)    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
               agev[m][i]=agedc[i];      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
             else {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
               if (andc[i]!=9999){    }
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
               agev[m][i]=-1;    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
               }    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
             }      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
           }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */    }
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);    strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
               agev[m][i]=1;    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
               agemin=agev[m][i];      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/    }
             }    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
               agemax=agev[m][i];    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
             }    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/    
           }    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
           else { /* =9 */    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
             agev[m][i]=1;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
             s[m][i]=-1;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
           }    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
         }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
         else /*= 0 Unknown */  
           agev[m][i]=1;  
       }    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     }        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {      }  
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");      fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
           goto end;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
         }    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
       }    xp=vector(1,npar);
     }    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
     varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);    first=1;
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);      exit(0);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/    }
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);    else{
     free_vector(andc,1,n);      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
     }
        if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
     wav=ivector(1,imx);      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      exit(0);
        }
     /* Concatenates waves */    else{
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
   
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);      fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
       ncodemax[1]=1;      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);  
          }
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);  
    h=0;    cov[1]=1;
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    tj=cptcoveff;
      if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){    j1=0;
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){        j1++;
            h++;        if  (cptcovn>0) {
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          }          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
        }          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");
      }          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
    }          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");
           
    /*for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
      for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");
      }          
      printf("\n");          
    }          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
    scanf("%d",i);*/          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
              fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age          
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
              fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");    
            }
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          cov[2]=age;
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
                }
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           
     if(mle==1){          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     }          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
              gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     /*--------- results files --------------*/      
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle,weightopt,model);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
              for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
               xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
    jk=1;            
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters\n");            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
    printf("# Parameters\n");            
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){            k=0;
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
        if (k != i)              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
          {                k=k+1;
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);              }
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){            }
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);            
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
              jk++;              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
            }      
            printf("\n");            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");            k=0;
          }            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
      }              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
    }                k=k+1;
  if(mle==1){                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */              }
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */            }
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);       
  }            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales\n");              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];  
     printf("# Scales\n");          }
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){  
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
         if (j!=i) {            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);          
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);          free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
             jk++;          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           }          free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           printf("\n");          free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");  
         }          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
       }          
      }          k=0;
              for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
     k=1;            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance\n");              k=k+1;
     printf("# Covariance\n");              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){            }
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;          }
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);  
       printf("%3d",i);          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
       }            }*/
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");  
       printf("\n");          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
       k++;          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
     }          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
       ungetc(c,ficpar);            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
       puts(line);            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
       fputs(line,ficparo);            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
     }          }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          i=0;
            for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
                  i=i++;
     if (fage <= 2) {              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
       bage = agemin;              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
       fage = agemax;              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
     }                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                    fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");              }
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);            }
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);          }/* end of loop for state */
          } /* end of loop for age */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        /*
     puts(line);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
     fputs(line,ficparo);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
   }          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
            fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mob_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
  fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mob_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);        */
        
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        first1=1;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
     puts(line);          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
     fputs(line,ficparo);            if(l2==k2) continue;
   }            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
                for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                 if(l1==k1) continue;
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;                if(i<=j) continue;
                 for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);                  if ((int)age %5==0){
    fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);                      v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
    fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);                      v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                     cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
     puts(line);                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
     fputs(line,ficparo);                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
   }                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                    /* Eigen vectors */
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
 fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
 fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
                     v12=-v21;
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2);                    v22=v11;
                     tnalp=v21/v11;
                        if(first1==1){
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/                      first1=0;
     /*chdir(pathcd);*/                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);                    }
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".plt");                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {                    /*printf(fignu*/
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);goto end;                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
     }                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
 #ifdef windows                    if(first==1){
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);                      first=0;
 #endif                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
  /* 1eme*/                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
 #ifdef windows                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
 #endif                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
 #ifdef unix                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
 #endif                    }else{
                       first=0;
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {                      fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
 }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");                    }/* if first */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");                  } /* age mod 5 */
 }                } /* end loop age */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {                first=1;
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");              } /*l12 */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");            } /* k12 */
 }            } /*l1 */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));        }/* k1 */
 #ifdef unix      } /* loop covariates */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300");    }
 #endif    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
    }    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   }    fclose(ficresprob);
   /*2 eme*/    fclose(ficresprobcov);
     fclose(ficresprobcor);
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    fclose(ficgp);
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,fage);    fclose(fichtm);
      }
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {  
       k=2*i;  
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
 }                      int popforecast, int estepm ,\
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {    /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
 }        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");    }
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);  
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n
 }     - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): 
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");     <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
     }    jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);  
   }  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
    
   /*3eme*/   m=cptcoveff;
    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {   jj1=0;
       k=2+nlstate*(cpt-1);   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",agemin,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {       jj1++;
         fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
       }         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
     }           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
   }         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
         }
   /* CV preval stat */       /* Pij */
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {  <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);     
       k=3;       /* Quasi-incidences */
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",agemin,agemax,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)  <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1); 
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
                 fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;  <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);         }
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);  <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
       }       }
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);  health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>
     }  <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);
   }       } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
   /* proba elementaires */   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){  
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){  
       if (k != i) {   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s%1d%1d=%f ",alph[j],i,k,p[jk]);*/   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n
           /*fprintf(ficgp,"%s",alph[1]);*/   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n
           jk++;   - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n 
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n
         }   - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
       }  
     }   if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n
     }   - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n
    - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n
   for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {          <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,agemax);   else 
    i=1;     fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);
    for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
      k3=i;  
      for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {   m=cptcoveff;
        if (k != k2){   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);  
 ij=1;   jj1=0;
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);       jj1++;
             ij++;       if (cptcovn > 0) {
           }         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
           else         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
         }         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
           fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");       }
               for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
         for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident
           fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);  interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>
 ij=1;  <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
           for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){       }
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {     } /* end i1 */
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);   }/* End k1 */
             ij++;   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
           }  fclose(fichtm);
           else  }
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);  
           }  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
           fprintf(ficgp,")");  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
         }  
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);    int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
         if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");    int ng;
         i=i+ncovmodel;    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
        }      printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
      }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
    }    }
    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);  
   }    /*#ifdef windows */
          fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
   fclose(ficgp);      /*#endif */
   /* end gnuplot */  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
        
 chdir(path);   /* 1eme*/
        for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
     free_ivector(num,1,n);  
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     fclose(ficparo);         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
     fclose(ficres);       }
     /*  }*/       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
    /*________fin mle=1_________*/         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
             else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
        } 
         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1); 
     /* No more information from the sample is required now */       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
     ungetc(c,ficpar);       }  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
     puts(line);     }
     fputs(line,ficparo);    }
   }    /*2 eme*/
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    
      for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);
   printf("agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax, bage, fage);      fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);      
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
         k=2*i;
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);goto end;          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   }        }   
         if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body><ul> <font size=\"6\">Imach, Version 0.7 </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
 Titre=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
 Total number of observations=%d <br>        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
 <li>Outputs files<br><br>\n        }   
         - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
 - Estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
         - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
         - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         - Life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>        }   
         - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
         - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
         - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>      }
         - Prevalences and population forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>    }
 <br>",title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);    
     /*3eme*/
  fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");    
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
  m=cptcoveff;      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
  j1=0;        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
        j1++;          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
        if (cptcovn > 0) {          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[j1][cpt]]);          
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");        */
        }        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);              
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){        } 
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>      }
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);    }
        }    
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    /* CV preval stat */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>      for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);          k=3;
      }        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>        
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,j1);        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
      }          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>        
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),j1,strtok(optionfile, "."),j1);        l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");        fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
    }        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
  }          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
 fclose(fichtm);          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
         }
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
        } 
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");    }  
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);    
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {    /* proba elementaires */
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
   }      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);        if (k != i) {
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);            jk++; 
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");            fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
            }
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        }
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      }
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */     }
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */     for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
   k=0;         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng); 
   agebase=agemin;         if (ng==2)
   agelim=agemax;           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
   ftolpl=1.e-10;         else
   i1=cptcoveff;           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
          i=1;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){           k3=i;
         k=k+1;           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/             if (k != k2){
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");               if(ng==2)
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)                 fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);               else
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");                 fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                       ij=1;
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);                 if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                   ij++;
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);                 }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");                 else
         }                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
       }               }
     }               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
   fclose(ficrespl);               
                for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                   ij=1;
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
   }                     ij++;
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);                   }
                     else
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/                 }
                  fprintf(ficgp,")");
   agelim=AGESUP;               }
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
                 i=i+ncovmodel;
   k=0;             }
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){           } /* end k */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){         } /* end k2 */
       k=k+1;       } /* end jk */
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");     } /* end ng */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)     fclose(ficgp); 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  }  /* end gnuplot */
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");  
          
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */  /*************** Moving average **************/
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    int i, cpt, cptcod;
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    int modcovmax =1;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      int mobilavrange, mob;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");    double age;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);                             a covariate has 2 modalities */
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );    if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)      else mobilavrange=mobilav;
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           }          for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
         }         fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
     }         we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
   }      */ 
       for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
   /* varprob(fileres, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k);*/        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
           for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
   fclose(ficrespij);            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
               mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
   if(stepm == 1) {                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
   calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
                 }
   /*printf("calage= %f", calagedate);*/              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
              }
   prevalence(agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);          }
         }/* end age */
       }/* end mob */
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");    }else return -1;
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);    return 0;
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {  }/* End movingaverage */
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);goto end;  
   }  
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);  /************** Forecasting ******************/
   prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){
   free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);    
   free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    int *popage;
   /* Mobile average */    double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;    double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
   if (mobilav==1) {    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
     for (agedeb=bage+3; agedeb<=fage-2; agedeb++)   agelim=AGESUP;
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)   calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)  
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
       
     for (agedeb=bage+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){   
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    strcat(fileresf,fileres);
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
           }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;    }
         }    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
       }    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
     }    
   }    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    if (mobilav!=0) {
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
   agelim=AGESUP;        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   /*hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; *//* Every year of age */        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   hstepm=1;      }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2 years/6 months = 4 */    }
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);  
   anprojmean=yp;    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
   mprojmean=yp;    
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);    agelim=AGESUP;
   jprojmean=yp;    
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;    hstepm=1;
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);    anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
   if (popforecast==1) {    mprojmean=yp;
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL)    {    yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);goto end;    jprojmean=yp;
     }    if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);    
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);    fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean); 
     
     i=1;      for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF)      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
       {        k=k+1;
         i=i+1;        fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
       }        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
     imx=i;          fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
            }
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];        fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
   }        fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){        
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){        
       k=k+1;        for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) { 
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");          fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {          fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);   
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
       }          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);            
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficresf," [Population]");            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
                oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
       for (cpt=0; cpt<4;cpt++) {            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");          
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);              for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(bage-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */                fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
         nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);              } 
         nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
         /*printf("agedeb=%.lf stepm=%d hstepm=%d nhstepm=%d \n",agedeb,stepm,hstepm,nhstepm);*/                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
         p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);                  if (mobilav==1) 
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);                    else {
                            kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
         for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){                  }
           if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {                  
             fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);                }
           }                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {                  fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);
             kk1=0.;kk2=0;                          
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                        }
               if (mobilav==1)              }
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];            }
               else {            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];          }
                 /* fprintf(ficresf," p3=%.3f p=%.3f ", p3mat[i][j][h], probs[(int)(agedeb)+1][i][cptcod]);*/        }
               }      }
     }
               if (popforecast==1) kk2=kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb];         
             }    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
            
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){    fclose(ficresf);
               fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);  }
                /************** Forecasting ******************/
               if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficresf," [%.f]", kk2);  populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
             }    
           }    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
         }    int *popage;
         /*      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);*/    double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2;
       }    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
       }    double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
     }    double ***mobaverage;
   }    char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   /*  if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
   if (popforecast==1) {    tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);    tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);    agelim=AGESUP;
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);    calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
   }    
   free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
   free_vector(weight,1,n);*/    
   fclose(ficresf);    
   }/* End forecasting */    strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
   else{    strcat(filerespop,fileres);
     erreur=108;    if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
     printf("Error %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d\n", erreur, stepm);      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
     }
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   strcpy(filerest,"t");  
   strcat(filerest,fileres);    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;    if (mobilav!=0) {
   }      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   strcpy(filerese,"e");      }
   strcat(filerese,fileres);    }
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
   }    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    
     agelim=AGESUP;
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");    
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);    hstepm=1;
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);    
   }    if (popforecast==1) {
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);      if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
   k=0;        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      } 
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
       k=k+1;      popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");      popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      i=1;   
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");      while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
      
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");      imx=i;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);    }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");  
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",j,nbcode[j][codtab[k][j]]);        fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);        }
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k);          fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
       varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);        
              for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);          
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
                    nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
       hf=1;            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;            
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
         if (popbased==1) {          
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];              if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
         }                fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
                      } 
         fprintf(ficrest," %.0f",age);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*hf*eij[i][j][(int)age];                  if (mobilav==1) 
           }                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];                  else {
         }                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)                  }
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)                }
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){
         fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[nlstate+1],hf*sqrt(vepp));                  tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){                    /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
           fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[j],hf*sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));                      if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
         }                }
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");              }
       }              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
     }                kk1=0.;
   }                  for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                            kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                          }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
  fclose(ficreseij);  
  fclose(ficresvij);              if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
   fclose(ficrest);                fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
   fclose(ficpar);            }
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   /*  scanf("%d ",i); */          }
         }
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/     
     /******/
 strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");  
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);        for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
     exit(0);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
   }            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);            
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
  k=0;            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
  for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
      k=k+1;              if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");                fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)              } 
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
      fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
      varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);                  kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
      oldm=oldms;savm=savms;                }
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1); 
    }              }
  }            }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   fclose(ficresvpl);          }
         }
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/     } 
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    }
     
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
      if (popforecast==1) {
        free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    }
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
      free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    fclose(ficrespop);
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);  }
    
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);  /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   if(erreur >0)  /***********************************************/
     printf("End of Imach with error %d\n",erreur);  
   else   printf("End of Imach\n");  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */  {
      int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/    int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/    double agedeb, agefin,hf;
   /*------ End -----------*/    double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
  end:    double **xi,tmp,delta;
 #ifdef windows  
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/    double dum; /* Dummy variable */
 #endif    double ***p3mat;
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    double ***mobaverage;
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    int *indx;
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/    char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);    int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
  strcat(plotcmd," ");    int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);    int c,  h , cpt,l;
  system(plotcmd);    int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
 #ifdef windows    int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
   while (z[0] != 'q') {    int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     chdir(path);    int hstepm, nhstepm;
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");    double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;
     scanf("%s",z);  
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");    double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     else if (z[0] == 'e') {    double ftolpl=FTOL;
       chdir(path);    double **prlim;
       system(optionfilehtm);    double *severity;
     }    double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);    double  *p;
   }    double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
 #endif    double ***delti3; /* Scale */
 }    double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;
   
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
   
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   #include <sys/time.h>
   #include <time.h>
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
    
     /* long total_usecs;
        struct timeval start_time, end_time;
     
        gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s",version);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       scanf("%s",pathtot);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
     replace(pathc,path);
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       goto end;
     }
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     
     /* Read guess parameters */
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           else
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     p=param[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%s",str);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
       for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1){
           printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         else
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
     }
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
       for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
      
     if(mle==1)
       printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
   
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
       
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=ivector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         }
           
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         } 
         num[i]=atol(stra);
           
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
         i=i+1;
       }
     }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);
     fclose(fic);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if (andc[i]!=9999){
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
   
       pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
       mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
     }
       
     /*--------- results files --------------*/
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
     
   
     jk=1;
     fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) 
           {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
       }
     }
     if(mle==1){
       /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
       ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
       hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if (j!=i) {
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             jk++;
           }
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     if(mle==1)
       printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     for(i=1,k=1;i<=npar;i++){
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
           i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
           fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
           printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
       */
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%3d",i);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1)
           printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       k++;
     }
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     estepm=0;
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
     if (fage <= 2) {
       bage = ageminpar;
       fage = agemaxpar;
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
     fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
    
   
     dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;
     dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);
     fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);
     fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);
   
   
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
   
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     fclose(ficgp);
     printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n
   \n
   Total number of observations=%d <br>\n
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);
     fclose(fichtm);
   
     printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
    
     /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
     chdir(path);
    
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
     free_ivector(num,1,n);
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     fclose(ficparo);
     fclose(ficres);
   
   
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
     strcat(filerespl,fileres);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     ftolpl=1.e-10;
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
         printf("\n#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fclose(ficrespl);
   
     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
   
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
     fclose(ficrespij);
   
   
     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
     if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){
       prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);
       if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);
     } 
     else{
       erreur=108;
       printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);
     }
     
   
     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
     strcpy(filerest,"t");
     strcat(filerest,fileres);
     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
     strcpy(filerese,"e");
     strcat(filerese,fileres);
     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
     calagedate=-1;
   
     prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
         if(popbased==1){
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
         }
   
    
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav ==0){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
       }
     }
     free_vector(weight,1,n);
     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     
     /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
     }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
    
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(delti,1,npar);
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");
     fclose(fichtm);
     fclose(ficgp);
     
   
     if(erreur >0){
       printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
     }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     
     /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/
     /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     end:
   #ifdef windows
     /* chdir(pathcd);*/
   #endif 
    /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/
    /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
     strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     system(plotcmd);
   
    /*#ifdef windows*/
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
       if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
       else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     /*#endif */
   }
   
   

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  Added in v.1.62


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