Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.42 and 1.80

version 1.42, 2002/05/21 18:44:41 version 1.80, 2003/06/05 15:34:14
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain     Interpolated Markov Chain
   
   Short summary of the programme:    Short summary of the programme:
      
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
   convergence.    convergence.
   
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.      account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   hPijx.    hPijx.
   
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
      
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
   from the European Union.    from the European Union.
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
   **********************************************************************/  
      Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
 #include <math.h>    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
 #include <stdio.h>    
 #include <stdlib.h>    **********************************************************************/
 #include <unistd.h>  /*
     main
 #define MAXLINE 256    read parameterfile
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"    read datafile
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/    concatwav
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    if (mle >= 1)
 /*#define DEBUG*/      mlikeli
 #define windows    print results files
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    if mle==1 
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */       computes hessian
     read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */        begin-prev-date,...
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */    open gnuplot file
     open html file
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    stable prevalence
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */     for age prevalim()
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    h Pij x
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    variance of p varprob
 #define MAXN 20000    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    health expectancies
 #define AGESUP 130    Variance-covariance of DFLE
 #define AGEBASE 40    prevalence()
      movingaverage()
     varevsij() 
 int erreur; /* Error number */    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
 int nvar;    total life expectancies
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;    Variance of stable prevalence
 int npar=NPARMAX;   end
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */  */
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */  
 int popbased=0;  
    
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */  #include <math.h>
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  #include <stdio.h>
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */  #include <stdlib.h>
 int mle, weightopt;  #include <unistd.h>
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */  #define MAXLINE 256
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */  #define FILENAMELENGTH 80
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;  /*#define DEBUG*/
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop;  #define windows
 FILE *ficreseij;  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
  FILE  *ficresvij;  
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
  FILE  *ficresvpl;  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
   #define NINTERVMAX 8
 #define NR_END 1  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
 #define FREE_ARG char*  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
   #define MAXN 20000
 #define NRANSI  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
 #define ITMAX 200  #define AGESUP 130
   #define AGEBASE 40
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  #ifdef windows
   #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  #else
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
   #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 #define GOLD 1.618034  #endif
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  
 #define TINY 1.0e-20  /* $Id$ */
   /* $Log$
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;   * Revision 1.80  2003/06/05 15:34:14  brouard
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))   * Trying to add the true revision is the program and log
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))   *
    /* Revision 1.79  2003/06/05 15:17:23  brouard
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))  /* *** empty log message ***
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)  /* */
   /* $Revision$ */
 static double sqrarg;  /* $Date$ */
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  /* $State$ */
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  
   char version[80]="Imach version 0.95a1, June 2003, INED-EUROREVES ";
 int imx;  int erreur; /* Error number */
 int stepm;  int nvar;
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
   int npar=NPARMAX;
 int estepm;  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
   int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 int m,nb;  int popbased=0;
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
 double dateintmean=0;  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
   int mle, weightopt;
 double *weight;  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
 int **s; /* Status */  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
   FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 /**************** split *************************/  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
 {  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  FILE *ficreseij;
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  FILE  *ficresvij;
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #ifdef windows  FILE  *ficresvpl;
    s = strrchr( path, '\\' );           /* find last / */  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #else  char title[MAXLINE];
    s = strrchr( path, '/' );            /* find last / */  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #endif  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */  
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
       extern char       *getwd( );  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #else  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
       extern char       *getcwd( );  
   char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  
 #endif  #define NR_END 1
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  #define FREE_ARG char*
       }  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */  
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  #define NRANSI 
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */  #define ITMAX 200 
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */  
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */  
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
    }  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  
 #ifdef windows  #define GOLD 1.618034 
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 #else  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  
 #endif  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
    s++;  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */    
    l1= strlen( name);  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
    l2= strlen( s)+1;  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);  
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;  static double sqrarg;
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
 }  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   
   int imx; 
 /******************************************/  int stepm;
   /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  
 {  int estepm;
   int i;  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   int lg=20;  
   i=0;  int m,nb;
   lg=strlen(t);  int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
     (s[i] = t[i]);  double **pmmij, ***probs;
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  double dateintmean=0;
   }  
 }  double *weight;
   int **s; /* Status */
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
 {  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
   int i,j=0;  
   int lg=20;  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
   i=0;  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
   lg=strlen(s);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  /**************** split *************************/
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
   }  {
   return j;    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
 }    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
   
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
 {    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   int i,lg,j,p=0;    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
   i=0;    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
   }      /* get current working directory */
       /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
   lg=strlen(t);      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
     (u[j] = t[j]);      }
   }      strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
      u[p]='\0';    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
       ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   }      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
 }      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
 /********************** nrerror ********************/    }
     l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  #ifdef windows
 {    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  #else
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   exit(1);  #endif
 }    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
 /*********************** vector *******************/    ss++;
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)    strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */
 {    l1= strlen( name);
   double *v;    l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    finame[l1-l2]= 0;
   return v-nl+NR_END;    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
 }  }
   
 /************************ free vector ******************/  
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  /******************************************/
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  void replace(char *s, char*t)
 }  {
     int i;
 /************************ivector *******************************/    int lg=20;
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)    i=0;
 {    lg=strlen(t);
   int *v;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));      (s[i] = t[i]);
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
   return v-nl+NR_END;    }
 }  }
   
 /******************free ivector **************************/  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)  {
 {    int i,j=0;
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    int lg=20;
 }    i=0;
     lg=strlen(s);
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */    }
 {    return j;
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;  }
   int **m;  
    void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
   /* allocate pointers to rows */  {
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
   m += NR_END;       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
   m -= nrl;    int i,lg,j,p=0;
      i=0;
      for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    }
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    lg=strlen(t);
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
        (u[j] = t[j]);
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    }
         u[p]='\0';
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  
   return m;     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
 }      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
     }
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/  }
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)  
       int **m;  /********************** nrerror ********************/
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;  
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */  void nrerror(char error_text[])
 {  {
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
 }    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  /*********************** vector *******************/
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
 {  {
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    double *v;
   double **m;    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    return v-nl+NR_END;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  }
   m += NR_END;  
   m -= nrl;  /************************ free vector ******************/
   void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  {
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  }
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  
   /************************ivector *******************************/
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  char *cvector(long nl,long nh)
   return m;  {
 }    char *v;
     v=(char *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(char)));
 /*************************free matrix ************************/    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in cvector");
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    return v-nl+NR_END;
 {  }
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  /******************free ivector **************************/
 }  void free_cvector(char *v, long nl, long nh)
   {
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  }
 {  
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  /************************ivector *******************************/
   double ***m;  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   {
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    int *v;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
   m += NR_END;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   m -= nrl;    return v-nl+NR_END;
   }
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  /******************free ivector **************************/
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  }
   
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  { 
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    int **m; 
      
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;    m += NR_END; 
   }    m -= nrl; 
   return m;    
 }    
     /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
 {    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
 }    
     /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
 /***************** f1dim *************************/    return m; 
 extern int ncom;  } 
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
    void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
 double f1dim(double x)        int **m;
 {        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
   int j;       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
   double f;  { 
   double *xt;    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
      free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
   xt=vector(1,ncom);  } 
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];  
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);  /******************* matrix *******************************/
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
   return f;  {
 }    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
     double **m;
 /*****************brent *************************/  
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
 {    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
   int iter;    m += NR_END;
   double a,b,d,etemp;    m -= nrl;
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;  
   double ftemp;    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   double e=0.0;    m[nrl] += NR_END;
      m[nrl] -= ncl;
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   x=w=v=bx;    return m;
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) ou print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {     */
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  }
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/  /*************************free matrix ************************/
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
 #ifdef DEBUG  {
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
 #endif  }
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){  
       *xmin=x;  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
       return fx;  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
     }  {
     ftemp=fu;    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {    double ***m;
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);  
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
       q=2.0*(q-r);    m += NR_END;
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;    m -= nrl;
       q=fabs(q);  
       etemp=e;    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
       e=d;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    m[nrl] += NR_END;
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    m[nrl] -= ncl;
       else {  
         d=p/q;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
         u=x+d;  
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
       }    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
     } else {    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
     }      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));    
     fu=(*f)(u);    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
     if (fu <= fx) {      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)    }
         } else {    return m; 
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
             v=w;    */
             w=u;  }
             fv=fw;  
             fw=fu;  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
             v=u;  {
             fv=fu;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
           }    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
         }    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
   }  }
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");  
   *xmin=x;  /***************** f1dim *************************/
   return fx;  extern int ncom; 
 }  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
   extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/   
   double f1dim(double x) 
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  { 
             double (*func)(double))    int j; 
 {    double f;
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;    double *xt; 
   double fu;   
      xt=vector(1,ncom); 
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
   if (*fb > *fa) {    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    return f; 
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)  } 
       }  
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);  /*****************brent *************************/
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   while (*fb > *fc) {  { 
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);    int iter; 
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);    double a,b,d,etemp;
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));    double ftemp;
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {    double e=0.0; 
       fu=(*func)(u);   
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
       fu=(*func)(u);    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
       if (fu < *fc) {    x=w=v=bx; 
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
           }      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
       u=ulim;      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
       fu=(*func)(u);      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
     } else {      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);  #ifdef DEBUG
       fu=(*func)(u);      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
     }      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)  #endif
       }      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
 }        *xmin=x; 
         return fx; 
 /*************** linmin ************************/      } 
       ftemp=fu;
 int ncom;      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
 double *pcom,*xicom;        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
          p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))        q=2.0*(q-r); 
 {        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,        q=fabs(q); 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);        etemp=e; 
   double f1dim(double x);        e=d; 
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   int j;        else { 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;          d=p/q; 
   double fx,fb,fa;          u=x+d; 
            if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
   ncom=n;            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
   pcom=vector(1,n);        } 
   xicom=vector(1,n);      } else { 
   nrfunc=func;        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      } 
     pcom[j]=p[j];      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
     xicom[j]=xi[j];      fu=(*f)(u); 
   }      if (fu <= fx) { 
   ax=0.0;        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
   xx=1.0;        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);          } else { 
 #ifdef DEBUG            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
 #endif              v=w; 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {              w=u; 
     xi[j] *= xmin;              fv=fw; 
     p[j] += xi[j];              fw=fu; 
   }            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);              v=u; 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);              fv=fu; 
 }            } 
           } 
 /*************** powell ************************/    } 
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
             double (*func)(double []))    *xmin=x; 
 {    return fx; 
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,  } 
               double (*func)(double []));  
   int i,ibig,j;  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;  
   double fp,fptt;  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
   double *xits;              double (*func)(double)) 
   pt=vector(1,n);  { 
   ptt=vector(1,n);    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
   xit=vector(1,n);    double fu; 
   xits=vector(1,n);   
   *fret=(*func)(p);    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    if (*fb > *fa) { 
     fp=(*fret);      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
     ibig=0;        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
     del=0.0;        } 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    while (*fb > *fc) { 
     printf("\n");      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
       fptt=(*fret);        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
 #ifdef DEBUG      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
 #endif        fu=(*func)(u); 
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);        fu=(*func)(u); 
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {        if (fu < *fc) { 
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
         ibig=i;            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
       }            } 
 #ifdef DEBUG      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));        u=ulim; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        fu=(*func)(u); 
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);      } else { 
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
       }        fu=(*func)(u); 
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)      } 
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
       printf("\n");        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
 #endif        } 
     }  } 
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {  
 #ifdef DEBUG  /*************** linmin ************************/
       int k[2],l;  
       k[0]=1;  int ncom; 
       k[1]=-1;  double *pcom,*xicom;
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)   
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
       printf("\n");  { 
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];    double f1dim(double x); 
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
         }                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    int j; 
       }    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
 #endif    double fx,fb,fa;
    
     ncom=n; 
       free_vector(xit,1,n);    pcom=vector(1,n); 
       free_vector(xits,1,n);    xicom=vector(1,n); 
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);    nrfunc=func; 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       return;      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
     }      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");    } 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    ax=0.0; 
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];    xx=1.0; 
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
       pt[j]=p[j];    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
     }  #ifdef DEBUG
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
     if (fptt < fp) {    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);  #endif
       if (t < 0.0) {    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);      xi[j] *= xmin; 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      p[j] += xi[j]; 
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];    } 
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
         }    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
 #ifdef DEBUG  } 
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);  
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)  /*************** powell ************************/
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
         printf("\n");              double (*func)(double [])) 
 #endif  { 
       }    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
     }                double (*func)(double [])); 
   }    int i,ibig,j; 
 }    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
     double fp,fptt;
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    double *xits;
     pt=vector(1,n); 
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    ptt=vector(1,n); 
 {    xit=vector(1,n); 
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    xits=vector(1,n); 
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */    *fret=(*func)(p); 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
   int i, ii,j,k;    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;      fp=(*fret); 
   double **matprod2();      ibig=0; 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();      del=0.0; 
   double **newm;      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
       fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f",*iter,*fret);
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
     }        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
       }
    cov[1]=1.;      printf("\n");
        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
     newm=savm;        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */        fptt=(*fret); 
      cov[2]=agefin;  #ifdef DEBUG
          printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];  #endif
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       }        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
           ibig=i; 
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/        } 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/  #ifdef DEBUG
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     savm=oldm;          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
     oldm=newm;          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
     maxmax=0.;          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){        }
       min=1.;        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       max=0.;          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
         sumnew=0;        }
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];        printf("\n");
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);  #endif
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);      } 
       }      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
       maxmin=max-min;  #ifdef DEBUG
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);        int k[2],l;
     }        k[0]=1;
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){        k[1]=-1;
       return prlim;        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
     }        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
   }        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
 }          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/        }
         printf("\n");
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 {        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
   double s1, s2;          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   /*double t34;*/            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
             fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){          }
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/        }
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];  #endif
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  
       }  
       ps[i][j]=s2;        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
     }        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){        return; 
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];      } 
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
       }      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       ps[i][j]=s2;        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
     }        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
   }        pt[j]=p[j]; 
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/      } 
       fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){      if (fptt < fp) { 
      s1=0;        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)        if (t < 0.0) { 
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)          }
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];  #ifdef DEBUG
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
   } /* end i */            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){          }
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){          printf("\n");
       ps[ii][jj]=0;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       ps[ii][ii]=1;  #endif
     }        }
   }      } 
     } 
   } 
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);  
    }  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
     printf("\n ");  {
     }    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
 /*  
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);    int i, ii,j,k;
   goto end;*/    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
     return ps;    double **matprod2();
 }    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
     double **newm;
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
   
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
 {      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */      }
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized  
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns     cov[1]=1.;
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */   
   long i, j, k;   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)      newm=savm;
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];       cov[2]=agefin;
     
   return out;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
 }          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
           /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
         }
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
 {  
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
      duration (i.e. until        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).  
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be      savm=oldm;
      included manually here.      oldm=newm;
       maxmax=0.;
      */      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
         min=1.;
   int i, j, d, h, k;        max=0.;
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
   double **newm;          sumnew=0;
           for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        }
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        maxmin=max-min;
     }        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */      }
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){        return prlim;
       newm=savm;      }
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */    }
       cov[1]=1.;  }
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)  
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  {
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    double s1, s2;
     /*double t34;*/
     int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/  
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
       savm=oldm;          /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
       oldm=newm;          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
     }          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)        }
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        ps[i][j]=s2;
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];        /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);      }
          */      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       }        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   } /* end h */          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
   return po;          /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
 }        }
         ps[i][j]=s2;
       }
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/    }
 double func( double *x)      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
 {  
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];       s1=0;
   double **out;      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   long ipmx;        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
   /*extern weight */      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   */      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
   cov[1]=1.;    } /* end i */
   
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];        ps[ii][jj]=0;
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){        ps[ii][ii]=1;
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)      }
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    }
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){  
         newm=savm;  
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
         }     }
              printf("\n ");
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,      }
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
         savm=oldm;  /*
         oldm=newm;    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
            goto end;*/
              return ps;
       } /* end mult */  }
        
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/  
       ipmx +=1;  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
       sw += weight[i];  {
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
     } /* end of wave */       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
   } /* end of individual */    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
        before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */    long i, j, k;
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
   return -l;      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
 }        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
           out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
   
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/    return out;
   }
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))  
 {  
   int i,j, iter;  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
   double **xi,*delti;  
   double fret;  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  {
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
   printf("Powell\n");       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
        (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));       for the memory).
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
        included manually here. 
 }  
        */
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/  
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))    int i, j, d, h, k;
 {    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;    double **newm;
   double **hess;  
   int i, j,jk;    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
   int *indx;    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;      }
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
         newm=savm;
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){        cov[1]=1.;
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {  
       if (j>i) {        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];                         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/        savm=oldm;
       }        oldm=newm;
     }      }
   }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
   printf("\n");        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
           po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
             */
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        }
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    } /* end h */
   x=vector(1,npar);    return po;
   indx=ivector(1,npar);  }
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];  
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   double func( double *x)
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  {
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
     x[j]=1;    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);    double **out;
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
     }    int s1, s2;
   }    double bbh, survp;
     long ipmx;
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");    /*extern weight */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
     }      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
     printf("\n");    */
   }    cov[1]=1.;
   
   /* Recompute Inverse */    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];    if(mle==1){
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     x[j]=1;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);            }
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       y[i][j]=x[i];            newm=savm;
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     }            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     printf("\n");              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   }            }
   */            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                          1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);            savm=oldm;
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);            oldm=newm;
   free_vector(x,1,npar);          } /* end mult */
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);        
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
           /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
            * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
 }           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
            * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
 {           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
   int i;           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
   int l=1, lmax=20;           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
   double k1,k2;           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   double res;           */
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   double fx;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   int k=0,kmax=10;          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   double l1;          /* bias is positive if real duration
            * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   fx=func(x);           */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
     l1=pow(10,l);            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known then the contribution
     delts=delt;               to the likelihood is the probability to die between last step unit time and current 
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){               step unit time, which is also the differences between probability to die before dh 
       delt = delta*(l1*k);               and probability to die before dh-stepm . 
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
       k1=func(p2)-fx;          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
       k2=func(p2)-fx;          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */          (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
                introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
 #ifdef DEBUG          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
 #endif          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */          and month of death but the probability to survive from last
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
         k=kmax;          probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
       }          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
       }          lower mortality.
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){            */
         delts=delt;            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
       }          }else{
     }            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
   }            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
   delti[theta]=delts;          } 
   return res;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
            /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
 }          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
           ipmx +=1;
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)          sw += weight[i];
 {          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   int i;        } /* end of wave */
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;      } /* end of individual */
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;    }  else if(mle==2){
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   int k;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   fx=func(x);          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;            }
     k1=func(p2)-fx;          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
              newm=savm;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     k2=func(p2)-fx;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
              }
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     k3=func(p2)-fx;            savm=oldm;
              oldm=newm;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;          } /* end mult */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;        
     k4=func(p2)-fx;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
 #ifdef DEBUG           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
 #endif           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
   }           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
   return res;           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
 }           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
            * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
 {           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   int i,imax,j,k;           */
   double big,dum,sum,temp;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   double *vv;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
            bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   vv=vector(1,n);          /* bias is positive if real duration
   *d=1.0;           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {           */
     big=0.0;          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;          /*lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.-+bh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* exponential interpolation */
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
     vv[i]=1.0/big;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   }          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {          ipmx +=1;
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {          sw += weight[i];
       sum=a[i][j];          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];        } /* end of wave */
       a[i][j]=sum;      } /* end of individual */
     }    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
     big=0.0;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       sum=a[i][j];        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       a[i][j]=sum;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         big=dum;            }
         imax=i;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       }            newm=savm;
     }            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     if (j != imax) {            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
         dum=a[imax][k];            }
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
         a[j][k]=dum;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       }            savm=oldm;
       *d = -(*d);            oldm=newm;
       vv[imax]=vv[j];          } /* end mult */
     }        
     indx[j]=imax;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
     if (j != n) {           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
     }           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
   }           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
 ;           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
 }           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
            * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
 {           */
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   double sum;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
            bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {          /* bias is positive if real duration
     ip=indx[i];           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
     sum=b[ip];           */
     b[ip]=b[i];          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* linear interpolation */
     if (ii)          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
     else if (sum) ii=i;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
     b[i]=sum;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   }          ipmx +=1;
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {          sw += weight[i];
     sum=b[i];          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];        } /* end of wave */
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];      } /* end of individual */
   }    }else{  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
 }      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
 /************ Frequencies ********************/        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
 {  /* Some frequencies */            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
                oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */            }
   double *pp;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;            newm=savm;
   FILE *ficresp;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
                cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);            }
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {            savm=oldm;
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);            oldm=newm;
     exit(0);          } /* end mult */
   }        
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
   j1=0;          ipmx +=1;
            sw += weight[i];
   j=cptcoveff;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        } /* end of wave */
        } /* end of individual */
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){    } /* End of if */
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
       j1++;    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
         scanf("%d", i);*/    return -l;
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    }
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)  
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
        
       dateintsum=0;  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
       k2cpt=0;  {
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    int i,j, iter;
         bool=1;    double **xi;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {    double fret;
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)    char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
               bool=0;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
         }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
         if (bool==1) {        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);    strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
               if (m<lastpass) {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];    }
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
               }    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
                    for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
                 k2cpt++;    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
               }  
             }    fclose(ficrespow);
           }    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
         }    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
       }    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
          
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);  }
   
       if  (cptcovn>0) {  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  {
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
       }    double **hess;
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int i, j,jk;
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);    int *indx;
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");  
          double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
         if(i==(int)agemax+3)    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
           printf("Total");    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
         else  
           printf("Age %d", i);    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
         }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);      /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
           else    }
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    
         }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
       for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        if (j>i) { 
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
         }          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
           hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
           pos += pp[jk];        }
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      }
           if(pos>=1.e-5)    }
             printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);    printf("\n");
           else    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  
           if( i <= (int) agemax){    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
             if(pos>=1.e-5){    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);    
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
             }    x=vector(1,npar);
             else    indx=ivector(1,npar);
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
           }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
         }    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
          
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);      x[j]=1;
         if(i <= (int) agemax)      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         printf("\n");        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
       }      }
     }    }
   }  
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
   fclose(ficresp);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
          fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
   /* End of Freq */      }
 }      printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 /************ Prevalence ********************/    }
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)  
 {  /* Some frequencies */    /* Recompute Inverse */
      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   double *pp;  
   double pos, k2;    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
   
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
        x[j]=1;
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
   j1=0;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
          y[i][j]=x[i];
   j=cptcoveff;        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
        }
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){      printf("\n");
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       j1++;    }
          */
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)      free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;    free_vector(x,1,npar);
          free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
         bool=1;  
         if  (cptcovn>0) {  
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)  }
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])  
               bool=0;  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
         }  double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
         if (bool==1) {  {
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){    int i;
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);    int l=1, lmax=20;
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {    double k1,k2;
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;    double res;
               if (m<lastpass) {    double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
                 if (calagedate>0)    double fx;
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];    int k=0,kmax=10;
                 else    double l1;
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];    fx=func(x);
               }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
             }    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
           }      l1=pow(10,l);
         }      delts=delt;
       }      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){        delt = delta*(l1*k);
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)        k1=func(p2)-fx;
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
         }        k2=func(p2)-fx;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];        
         }  #ifdef DEBUG
                printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)  #endif
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
         }        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
                  k=kmax;
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];        }
                else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){              k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
           if( i <= (int) agemax){        }
             if(pos>=1.e-5){        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;          delts=delt;
             }        }
           }      }
         }    }
            delti[theta]=delts;
       }    return res; 
     }    
   }  }
   
    double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);  {
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);    int i;
      int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
 }  /* End of Freq */    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
     double p2[NPARMAX+1];
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/    int k;
   
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)    fx=func(x);
 {    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]      k1=func(p2)-fx;
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.    
      */      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
   int i, mi, m;      k2=func(p2)-fx;
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;    
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;      k3=func(p2)-fx;
   double sum=0.;    
   jmin=1e+5;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
   jmax=-1;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
   jmean=0.;      k4=func(p2)-fx;
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
     mi=0;  #ifdef DEBUG
     m=firstpass;      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       if(s[m][i]>=1)  #endif
         mw[++mi][i]=m;    }
       if(m >=lastpass)    return res;
         break;  }
       else  
         m++;  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
     }/* end while */  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){  { 
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */    int i,imax,j,k; 
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
          /* Only death is a correct wave */    double *vv; 
       mw[mi][i]=m;   
     }    vv=vector(1,n); 
     *d=1.0; 
     wav[i]=mi;    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
     if(mi==0)      big=0.0; 
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
   }        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
       if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){    } 
       if (stepm <=0)    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         dh[mi][i]=1;      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
       else{        sum=a[i][j]; 
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {        a[i][j]=sum; 
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);      } 
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */      big=0.0; 
           k=k+1;      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;        sum=a[i][j]; 
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
           sum=sum+j;          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */        a[i][j]=sum; 
           }        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
         }          big=dum; 
         else{          imax=i; 
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));        } 
           k=k+1;      } 
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;      if (j != imax) { 
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */          dum=a[imax][k]; 
           sum=sum+j;          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
         }          a[j][k]=dum; 
         jk= j/stepm;        } 
         jl= j -jk*stepm;        *d = -(*d); 
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
         if(jl <= -ju)      } 
           dh[mi][i]=jk;      indx[j]=imax; 
         else      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;      if (j != n) { 
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
       }      } 
     }    } 
   }    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
   jmean=sum/k;  ;
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);  } 
  }  
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)  { 
 {    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;    double sum; 
   int cptcode=0;   
   cptcoveff=0;    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
        ip=indx[i]; 
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;      sum=b[ip]; 
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;      b[ip]=b[i]; 
       if (ii) 
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      else if (sum) ii=i; 
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);      b[i]=sum; 
       Ndum[ij]++;    } 
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;      sum=b[i]; 
     }      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
       b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {    } 
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;  } 
     }  
     ij=1;  /************ Frequencies ********************/
   void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)
   {  /* Some frequencies */
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {    
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {    int first;
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
              double *pp, **prop;
           ij++;    double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
         }    FILE *ficresp;
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
       }      
     }    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
   }      prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
     strcpy(fileresp,"p");
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
     if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       ij=Tvar[i];      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       Ndum[ij]++;      exit(0);
     }    }
     freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
  ij=1;    j1=0;
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {    
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){    j=cptcoveff;
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
      ij++;  
    }    first=1;
  }  
      for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
     cptcoveff=ij-1;      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
 }        j1++;
         /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/          scanf("%d", i);*/
         for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
             for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
 {              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
   /* Health expectancies */  
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
   double age, agelim, hf;        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;          prop[i][m]=0;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;        
   double *xp;        dateintsum=0;
   double **gp, **gm;        k2cpt=0;
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
   int theta;          bool=1;
           if  (cptcovn>0) {
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
   xp=vector(1,npar);              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);                bool=0;
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);          }
            if (bool==1){
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
                 if (m<lastpass) {
   if(estepm < stepm){                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
   }                }
   else  hstepm=estepm;                  
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them                  k2cpt++;
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear                }
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according              }
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we            }
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months          }
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear        }
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise         
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */        fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
   
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */        if  (cptcovn>0) {
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size        }
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it        fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if        
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.          if(i==iagemax+3){
   */            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */          }else{
             if(first==1){
   agelim=AGESUP;              first=0;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */              printf("See log file for details...\n");
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */            }
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */          }
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);          }
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
               pos += freq[jk][m][i];
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */              if(first==1){
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
                }
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */            }else{
               if(first==1)
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){            }
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){          }
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
       }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);              for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
                pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
       cptj=0;          }       
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){            pos += pp[jk];
           cptj=cptj+1;            posprop += prop[jk][i];
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){          }
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
           }            if(pos>=1.e-5){
         }              if(first==1)
       }                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
                    fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
                  }else{
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)              if(first==1)
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);                fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
                  }
       cptj=0;            if( i <= iagemax){
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){              if(pos>=1.e-5){
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
           cptj=cptj+1;                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;              }
           }              else
         }                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
       }            }
                }
              
           for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];              if(first==1)
         }                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
                 fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
      }              }
              if(i <= iagemax)
 /* End theta */            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
           if(first==1)
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);            printf("Others in log...\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)        }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)      }
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    }
         trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
    
     fclose(ficresp);
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
     /* End of Freq */
      printf("%d||",(int)age);fflush(stdout);  }
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){  
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){  /************ Prevalence ********************/
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  void prevalence(double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);  {  
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;       We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
       }    */
     }   
     int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
          double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     /* Computing expectancies */    double *pp, **prop;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double pos,posprop; 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    int iagemin, iagemax;
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;  
              iagemin= (int) agemin;
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/    iagemax= (int) agemax;
     /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
         }    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
     /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );    j1=0;
     cptj=0;    
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    j=cptcoveff;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
         cptj++;    
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
       }      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");        j1++;
            
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);        for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);            prop[i][m]=0.0;
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);       
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
   }          bool=1;
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          if  (cptcovn>0) {
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);                bool=0;
 }          } 
           if (bool==1) { 
 /************ Variance ******************/            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm)              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
 {              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
   /* Variance of health expectancies */                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
   double **newm;                if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
   double **dnewm,**doldm;                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
   int k, cptcode;                  prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   double *xp;                  prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
   double **gp, **gm;                } 
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;              }
   double ***p3mat;            } /* end selection of waves */
   double age,agelim, hf;          }
   int theta;        }
         for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");          
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");          for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          } 
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);  
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
             if( i <=  iagemax){ 
   xp=vector(1,npar);              if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);              } 
              } 
   if(estepm < stepm){          }/* end jk */ 
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);        }/* end i */ 
   }      } /* end i1 */
   else  hstepm=estepm;      } /* end k1 */
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */    
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size  }  /* End of prevalence */
      and note for a fixed period like k years */  
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it  
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same  {
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
   */       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
   agelim = AGESUP;       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */       */
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */  
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    int i, mi, m;
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);    int first;
     int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    double sum=0.;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    first=0;
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    jmin=1e+5;
       }    jmax=-1;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      jmean=0.;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       mi=0;
       if (popbased==1) {      m=firstpass;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];        if(s[m][i]>=1)
       }          mw[++mi][i]=m;
          if(m >=lastpass)
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          break;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        else
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)          m++;
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];      }/* end while */
         }      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
       }        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
            /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */           /* Only death is a correct wave */
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        mw[mi][i]=m;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);        }
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  
        wav[i]=mi;
       if (popbased==1) {      if(mi==0){
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        if(first==0){
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];          printf("Warning! None valid information for:%d line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
       }          first=1;
         }
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){        if(first==1){
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%d line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)        }
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];      } /* end mi==0 */
         }    } /* End individuals */
       }  
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        if (stepm <=0)
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];          dh[mi][i]=1;
         }        else{
     } /* End theta */          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
             if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);            j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
             if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)            k=k+1;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)            if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];            sum=sum+j;
             /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */            /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            if(j<0)printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %d at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)            }
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;          }
           else{
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){            /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);            k=k+1;
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
       }            if(j<0)printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %d at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
     }            sum=sum+j;
           }
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );          jk= j/stepm;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          jl= j -jk*stepm;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);          if(mle <=1){ 
       }            if(jl==0){
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");              dh[mi][i]=jk;
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);              bh[mi][i]=0;
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);              bh[mi][i]=ju;
   } /* End age */            }
            }else{
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);            if(jl <= -ju){
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);              dh[mi][i]=jk;
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
                                    * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
 }                                   */
             }
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/            else{
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
 {              bh[mi][i]=ju;
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */            }
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
   double **newm;              dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
   double **dnewm,**doldm;              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;              /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
   int k, cptcode;            }
   double *xp;          }
   double *gp, *gm;        } /* end if mle */
   double **gradg, **trgradg;      } /* end wave */
   double age,agelim;    }
   int theta;    jmean=sum/k;
        printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");   }
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
   {
   xp=vector(1,npar);    
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    int cptcode=0;
      cptcoveff=0; 
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */   
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   agelim = AGESUP;    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */  
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */                                 modality*/ 
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
         if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      }
       }  
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];      }
      
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */      ij=1; 
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
             /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];            ij++;
     } /* End theta */          }
           if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);        }  
       } 
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    }  
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);     ij=Tvar[i];
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);     Ndum[ij]++;
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)   }
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */  
    ij=1;
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");       ij++;
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);     }
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);   }
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);   
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
   } /* End age */  }
   
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
   
 }  {
     /* Health expectancies */
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
 void varprob(char fileres[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)    double age, agelim, hf;
 {    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
   int i, j, i1, k1, j1, z1;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   int k=0, cptcode;    double *xp;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    double **gp, **gm;
   double *xp;    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
   double *gp, *gm;    int theta;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;  
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
   int theta;    xp=vector(1,npar);
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");    
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   }      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
 fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and standard deviation in parentheses\n");  
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");    if(estepm < stepm){
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++)    }
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
   xp=vector(1,npar);     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
       * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
   cov[1]=1;     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   j=cptcoveff;  
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
   j1=0;    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
   for(k1=1; k1<=1;k1++){       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
     j1++;       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     if  (cptcovn>0) {    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
       fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
       for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
       fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
     }       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
        */
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
         cov[2]=age;  
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {    agelim=AGESUP;
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
                /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
         }      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
              p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,9);      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
         trgradg=matrix(1,9,1,npar);      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));  
          /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);   
            
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
            
           k=0;      /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath); i++){  
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
               k=k+1;        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
             }        }
           }        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
              
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)        cptj=0;
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);            cptj=cptj+1;
           k=0;            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){            }
               k=k+1;          }
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];        }
             }       
           }       
              for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         }        
         cptj=0;
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];            cptj=cptj+1;
                    for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,9,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,9,1,npar,1,9,gradg);              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
                    }
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);          }
                }
         k=0;        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
             k=k+1;          }
             gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];       } 
           }     
         }  /* End theta */
        
      /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){  
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
      }*/        for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
        
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++)  
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e (%.3e) ",gm[i],sqrt(doldm[i][i]));       for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
       }          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
     }  
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
   }          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
   fclose(ficresprob);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
              for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
 }              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
         }
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/      }
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \      /* Computing expectancies */
  int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
  int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char optionfile[], \        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
  char optionfilehtm[],char rfileres[], char optionfilegnuplot[],\          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
  char version[], int popforecast, int estepm ){            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;            
   FILE *fichtm;  /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/  
           }
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);  
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {      cptj=0;
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           cptj++;
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n        }
 \n      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n     
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
  <ul><li>Outputs files<br>\n      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
  - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n    }
  - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n    printf("\n");
  - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);  
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
  - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n  }
  - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n  
  - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);  /************ Variance ******************/
   void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n  {
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n    /* Variance of health expectancies */
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);    /* double **newm;*/
  else    double **dnewm,**doldm;
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
 fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
     int k, cptcode;
  m=cptcoveff;    double *xp;
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
     double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
  jj1=0;    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
        jj1++;    double ***p3mat;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {    double age,agelim, hf;
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");    double ***mobaverage;
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)    int theta;
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);    char digit[4];
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");    char digitp[25];
        }  
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.png<br>    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);      
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){    if(popbased==1){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.png<br>      if(mobilav!=0)
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
        }      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    }
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident    else 
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);    
      }    if (mobilav!=0) {
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
      }        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and      }
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>    }
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);  
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
    }    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
    }    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
 fclose(fichtm);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
 }    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
     strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[],char optionfilefiname[],char optionfile[],char optionfilegnuplot[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;    }
     printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp.txt");    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   }      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
 #ifdef windows        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);    }  
 #endif    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
  /* 1eme*/      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {      exit(0);
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    }
     else{
 #ifdef windows      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    }
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
 #endif      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
 #ifdef unix      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);      exit(0);
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres);    }
 #endif    else{
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    }
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
 }  
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
 }        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {  
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    xp=vector(1,npar);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
 }      doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
 #ifdef unix    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n");  
 #endif    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
    }    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   }    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   /*2 eme*/    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    if(estepm < stepm){
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);    }
        else  hstepm=estepm;   
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
       k=2*i;    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");       and note for a fixed period like k years */
 }      /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");    */
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
 }      agelim = AGESUP;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
 }        gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");  
     }  
   }      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
   /*3eme*/          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);  
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);        if (popbased==1) {
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);          if(mobilav ==0){
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);          }
         }
 */    
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
       }              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
     }          }
   }        }
          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
   /* CV preval stat */           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {           as a weighted average of prlim.
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {        */
       k=3;        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
         }    
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)        /* end probability of death */
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);  
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
                xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {   
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;        if (popbased==1) {
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);          if(mobilav ==0){
       }            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     }          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   }              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   /* proba elementaires */          }
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){        }
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){  
       if (k != i) {        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
                    for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
           jk++;          }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");        }
         }        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
       }           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
     }           as a weighted average of prlim.
    }        */
         for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
    for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.png\" \n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);        }    
      i=1;        /* end probability of death */
      for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {  
        k3=i;        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
        for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
          if (k != k2){            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
            fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);          }
            ij=1;  
            for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
              if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
                fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);        }
                ij++;  
              }      } /* End theta */
              else  
                fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
            }  
            fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
                    for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
            for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
              ij=1;  
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
                  ij++;    
                }  
                else      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
              }        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
              fprintf(ficgp,")");          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
            }  
            fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
            if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
            i=i+ncovmodel;          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
          }          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
        }          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
      }            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
    }              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
            }
    fclose(ficgp);      }
 }  /* end gnuplot */    
       /* pptj */
       matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
 /*************** Moving average **************/      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
         for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   int i, cpt, cptcod;          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)      /* end ppptj */
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      /*  x centered again */
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
       
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){      if (popbased==1) {
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){        if(mobilav ==0){
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];        }else{ /* mobilav */ 
           }          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
         }        }
       }      }
     }               
          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
 }         computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
          as a weighted average of prlim.
       */
 /************** Forecasting ******************/      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){        for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;      }    
   int *popage;      /* end probability of death */
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;  
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
   double ***p3mat;      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
  agelim=AGESUP;          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;        }
       } 
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
    
        fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);        }
   }      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   if (mobilav==1) {      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    } /* End age */
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   }    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
      /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
   agelim=AGESUP;    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
    /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   hstepm=1;  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev);
   anprojmean=yp;    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
   mprojmean=yp;    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);
   jprojmean=yp;    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;  */
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);
    
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       k=k+1;    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
       }    fclose(ficgp);
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");    fclose(fichtm);
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");  }  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);  
        /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
        void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {  {
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);      /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
     double **newm;
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){    double **dnewm,**doldm;
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;    int k, cptcode;
              double *xp;
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    double *gp, *gm;
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    double **gradg, **trgradg;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      double age,agelim;
            int theta;
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){     
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
             }    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                
                 if (mobilav==1)    xp=vector(1,npar);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
                 else {    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];    
                 }    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
                    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
               }    agelim = AGESUP;
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
                              if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
               }      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
             }      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
           }      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
         }  
       }      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
   }          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
                }
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   fclose(ficresf);          gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
 }      
 /************** Forecasting ******************/        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   int *popage;          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;  
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];      } /* End theta */
   
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
   agelim=AGESUP;      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
            trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);  
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
          varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   }  
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   if (mobilav==1) {      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   }      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;  
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   agelim=AGESUP;    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
    
   hstepm=1;  }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  
    /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   if (popforecast==1) {  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {  {
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
     }    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);    int k=0,l, cptcode;
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);    int first=1, first1;
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
        double **dnewm,**doldm;
     i=1;      double *xp;
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;    double *gp, *gm;
        double **gradg, **trgradg;
     imx=i;    double **mu;
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
   }    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
     int theta;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
       k=k+1;    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    double ***varpij;
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
       }    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
          }
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);      strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
            if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;    }
              strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
              fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    }
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
             }    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                  fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
                 if (mobilav==1)    
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
                 else {    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
                 }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
               }    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;  
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);  
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               }      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
             }        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
               kk1=0.;        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){      }  
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];   /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
                 }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
             }   */
    xp=vector(1,npar);
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           }    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
         }    first=1;
       }    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
   /******/      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
       exit(0);
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {    }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);      else{
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    }
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
                printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      exit(0);
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      }
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    else{
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
             }  
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;      fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];      
               }    }
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);  
             }    cov[1]=1;
           }    tj=cptcoveff;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
         }    j1=0;
       }    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
    }      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
   }        j1++;
          if  (cptcovn>0) {
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
   if (popforecast==1) {          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
   }          
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
   fclose(ficrespop);          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
 }          
           
 /***********************************************/          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
 /**************** Main Program *****************/          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
 /***********************************************/          fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
           
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
 {          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;        }
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;        
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
           cov[2]=age;
   double fret;          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
   double **xi,tmp,delta;            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
           }
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   double ***p3mat;          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
   int *indx;            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];          
   char title[MAXLINE];          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
            gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];      
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];            
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;            
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */            k=0;
   int c,  h , cpt,l;            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
   int ju,jl, mi;              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;                k=k+1;
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;              }
   int hstepm, nhstepm;            }
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;            
             for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
   double ftolpl=FTOL;      
   double **prlim;            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
   double *severity;            k=0;
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
   double  *p;              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */                k=k+1;
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
   double *delti; /* Scale */              }
   double ***eij, ***vareij;            }
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */       
   double *epj, vepp;            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
   double kk1, kk2;              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;          }
    
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
   char version[80]="Imach version 0.8d, May 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
           
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
   char z[1]="c", occ;          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
 #include <sys/time.h>          free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
 #include <time.h>          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];          free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
            free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   /* long total_usecs;  
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
            
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */          k=0;
   getcwd(pathcd, size);          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   printf("\n%s",version);              k=k+1;
   if(argc <=1){              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");            }
     scanf("%s",pathtot);          }
   }          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
   else{            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
   }  
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
             }*/
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);  
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   chdir(path);          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   replace(pathc,path);          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
             fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
   strcpy(fileres,"r");          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
           }
   /*---------arguments file --------*/          i=0;
           for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);              i=i++;
     goto end;              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
   }              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
   strcpy(filereso,"o");                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
   strcat(filereso,fileres);                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {              }
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;            }
   }          }/* end of loop for state */
         } /* end of loop for age */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        /*
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
     puts(line);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
     fputs(line,ficparo);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
   }          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);        */
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);  
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        first1=1;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
     puts(line);          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
     fputs(line,ficparo);            if(l2==k2) continue;
   }            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
                for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                    if(l1==k1) continue;
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
   cptcovn=0;                if(i<=j) continue;
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
                   if ((int)age %5==0){
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                      cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
   /* Read guess parameters */                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
     puts(line);                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
     fputs(line,ficparo);                    /* Eigen vectors */
   }                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
                      v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);                    v12=-v21;
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)                    v22=v11;
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){                    tnalp=v21/v11;
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);                    if(first1==1){
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);                      first1=0;
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){                    }
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);                    /*printf(fignu*/
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
       }                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");                    if(first==1){
       printf("\n");                      first=0;
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
     }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   p=param[1][1];                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     puts(line);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
     fputs(line,ficparo);                    }else{
   }                      first=0;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                      fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);                    }/* if first */
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);                  } /* age mod 5 */
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);                } /* end loop age */
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);                first=1;
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);              } /*l12 */
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);            } /* k12 */
       }          } /*l1 */
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");        }/* k1 */
       printf("\n");      } /* loop covariates */
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    }
     }    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
   }    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
   delti=delti3[1][1];    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      fclose(ficresprob);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    fclose(ficresprobcov);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    fclose(ficresprobcor);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    fclose(ficgp);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    fclose(fichtm);
     puts(line);  }
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
    void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
     printf("%s",str);                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);    /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    }
     printf("\n");  
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n
   }   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)   - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): 
         <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
   printf("\n");    jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);
   
   fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/  
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */   m=cptcoveff;
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */  
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */   jj1=0;
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     }       jj1++;
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
             fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
     /*-------- data file ----------*/         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
     }       }
        /* Pij */
     n= lastobs;       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);  <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);     
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);       /* Quasi-incidences */
     num=ivector(1,n);       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>
     moisnais=vector(1,n);  <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1); 
     annais=vector(1,n);         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
     moisdc=vector(1,n);         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
     andc=vector(1,n);           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>
     agedc=vector(1,n);  <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
     cod=ivector(1,n);         }
     weight=vector(1,n);       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);  <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);       }
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);      health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);  <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);     } /* end i1 */
    }/* End k1 */
     i=1;   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {  
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {  
           fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n
           strcpy(line,stra);   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);   - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n 
         }   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n
           - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   /*  else  */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
         }   m=cptcoveff;
         num[i]=atol(stra);   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
          
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){   jj1=0;
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
         i=i+1;       jj1++;
       }       if (cptcovn > 0) {
     }         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
        scanf("%d",i);*/           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and period prevalence (with confident
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;  interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;  <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
     }*/       }
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){     } /* end i1 */
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;   }/* End k1 */
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
    fclose(fichtm);
    }
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/  
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);  
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);    int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
   Tage=ivector(1,15);          int ng;
        if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
   if (strlen(model) >1){      printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     j=nbocc(model,'+');    }
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');  
     cptcovn=j+1;    /*#ifdef windows */
     cptcovprod=j1;      fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
          /*#endif */
     strcpy(modelsav,model);  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){    
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);   /* 1eme*/
       goto end;    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
     }     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');  
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {       }
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
           cptcovprod--;         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);       } 
           cptcovage++;       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1); 
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
         }         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {       }  
           cptcovprod--;       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');     }
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);    }
           cptcovage++;    /*2 eme*/
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;    
         }    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
         else {      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');      fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;      
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
           Tprod[k1]=i;        k=2*i;
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)        }   
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
           k1++;        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
           k2=k2+2;        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
         }        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
       }          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
       else {          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/        }   
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
       }          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);            else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);        }   
         scanf("%d",i);*/        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
     }        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
 }      }
      }
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);    
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);    /*3eme*/
   scanf("%d ",i);*/    
     fclose(fic);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
     /*  if(mle==1){*/        k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
     }        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
           fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){          
          anint[m][i]=9999;        */
          s[m][i]=-1;        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
        }          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;          
       }        } 
     }      }
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);    /* CV preval stable (period) */
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
         if(s[m][i] >0){      for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {        k=3;
             if(agedc[i]>0)        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];        
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++)
            else {          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
               if (andc[i]!=9999){        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);        
               agev[m][i]=-1;        l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
               }        fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
             }        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           }          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);        }
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
               agev[m][i]=1;      } 
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){    }  
               agemin=agev[m][i];    
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/    /* proba elementaires */
             }    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
               agemax=agev[m][i];        if (k != i) {
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             }            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/            jk++; 
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/            fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
           }          }
           else { /* =9 */        }
             agev[m][i]=1;      }
             s[m][i]=-1;     }
           }  
         }     for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
         else /*= 0 Unknown */       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
           agev[m][i]=1;         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng); 
       }         if (ng==2)
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
     }         else
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {         i=1;
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");           for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
           goto end;           k3=i;
         }           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
       }             if (k != k2){
     }               if(ng==2)
                  fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);               else
                  fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);               ij=1;
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);                 if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
     free_vector(annais,1,n);                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);                   ij++;
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/                 }
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);                 else
     free_vector(andc,1,n);                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                }
                   fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
     wav=ivector(1,imx);               
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);               for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                     ij=1;
     /* Concatenates waves */                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                      ij++;
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);                   }
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);                   else
       ncodemax[1]=1;                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);                 }
                       fprintf(ficgp,")");
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);               }
    h=0;               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
                 i=i+ncovmodel;
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){             }
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){           } /* end k */
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){         } /* end k2 */
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){       } /* end jk */
            h++;     } /* end ng */
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;     fclose(ficgp); 
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/  }  /* end gnuplot */
          }  
        }  
      }  /*************** Moving average **************/
    }  int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);  
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */    int i, cpt, cptcod;
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){    int modcovmax =1;
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){    int mobilavrange, mob;
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);    double age;
       }  
       printf("\n");    modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
       }                             a covariate has 2 modalities */
       scanf("%d",i);*/    if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
      
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age    if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */      if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
       else mobilavrange=mobilav;
          for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
            for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */         fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */         we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
            */ 
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]      for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
     if(mle==1){              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
     }                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
                      mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
     /*--------- results files --------------*/                }
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
              }
           }
    jk=1;        }/* end age */
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");      }/* end mob */
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");    }else return -1;
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    return 0;
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){  }/* End movingaverage */
        if (k != i)  
          {  
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);  /************** Forecasting ******************/
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);       agemin, agemax range of age
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);       dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
              jk++;       anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
            }    */
            printf("\n");    int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");    int *popage;
          }    double agec; /* generic age */
      }    double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
    }    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
  if(mle==1){    double ***p3mat;
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */    double ***mobaverage;
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);  
  }    agelim=AGESUP;
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");   
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){    strcat(fileresf,fileres);
         if (j!=i) {    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    }
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
             jk++;  
           }    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
           printf("\n");  
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");    if (mobilav!=0) {
         }      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       }      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
      }        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
            printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     k=1;      }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");    }
     printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");  
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;    if(estepm < stepm){
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/    }
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
       printf("%3d",i);  
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);    yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);                                 fractional in yp1 */
       }    anprojmean=yp;
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");    yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
       printf("\n");    mprojmean=yp;
       k++;    yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     }    jprojmean=yp;
        if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
       ungetc(c,ficpar);  
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    i1=cptcoveff;
       puts(line);    if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
       fputs(line,ficparo);    
     }    fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    
     estepm=0;    fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);  
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;  /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     if (fage <= 2) {    for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       bage = ageminpar;      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
       fage = agemaxpar;        k=k+1;
     }        fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
            for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");          fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);        }
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);        fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
          fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
     puts(line);          fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
     fputs(line,ficparo);        }
   }        for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
            fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);  
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);          for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
  fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
                  nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
     puts(line);          
     fputs(line,ficparo);            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   }              if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
                  for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
                   fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;                fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;              } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);                ppij=0.;
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);                  for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);                    if (mobilav==1) 
                      ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){                  else {
     ungetc(c,ficpar);                    ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                  }
     puts(line);                  if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
     fputs(line,ficparo);                    fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
   }                  }
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                } /* end i */
                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);                  fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);                }
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);              }/* end j */
             } /* end h */
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          } /* end agec */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        } /* end yearp */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      } /* end cptcod */
     puts(line);    } /* end  cptcov */
     fputs(line,ficparo);         
   }    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fclose(ficresf);
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);  }
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);  
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);  /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);    
     int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/    int *popage;
  printinggnuplot(fileres,optionfilefiname,optionfile,optionfilegnuplot, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);    double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
      double *popeffectif,*popcount;
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/    double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
  chdir(path);    double ***mobaverage;
      char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);  
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
  free_ivector(num,1,n);    agelim=AGESUP;
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);    calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/    
  fclose(ficparo);    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
  fclose(ficres);    
     
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/    strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     strcat(filerespop,fileres);
   printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,optionfile,optionfilehtm,rfileres,optionfilegnuplot,version,popforecast,estepm);    if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/    }
      printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);  
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;  
   }    if (mobilav!=0) {
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");      }
      }
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    agelim=AGESUP;
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    
   k=0;    hstepm=1;
   agebase=ageminpar;    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
   agelim=agemaxpar;    
   ftolpl=1.e-10;    if (popforecast==1) {
   i1=cptcoveff;      if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}        printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      } 
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
         k=k+1;      popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/      popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");      
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      i=1;   
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");     
              imx=i;
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){      for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );  
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");        k=k+1;
         }        fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
       }        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
     }          fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
   fclose(ficrespl);        }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/        fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);        if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {        
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;        for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
   }          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);          
            for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
   agelim=AGESUP;            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
            
   k=0;            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){              if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){                fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
       k=k+1;              } 
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");                  if (mobilav==1) 
                            kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */                  else {
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */                  }
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);                }
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;                if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);                    tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");                    /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                      if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)                }
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);              }
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){                kk1=0.;
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );                  for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                    kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)                  }
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);                    tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");              }
              }  
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);              if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");                fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
         }            }
     }            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   }          }
         }
   varprob(fileres, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);   
     /******/
   fclose(ficrespij);  
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);            
   }            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   else{            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
     erreur=108;            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   }              if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                  fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
   strcpy(filerest,"t");                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
   strcat(filerest,fileres);                  kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {                }
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;                if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
   }              }
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);            }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
   strcpy(filerese,"e");        }
   strcat(filerese,fileres);     } 
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {    }
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);   
   }    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);  
     if (popforecast==1) {
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");      free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);      free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {      free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);    }
   }    free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);    free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   calagedate=-1;    fclose(ficrespop);
 prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);  }
   
   k=0;  /***********************************************/
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  /**************** Main Program *****************/
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  /***********************************************/
       k=k+1;  
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  {
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");    int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");    double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    double fret;
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");    double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");    double dum; /* Dummy variable */
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    double ***p3mat;
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    double ***mobaverage;
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");    int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);      int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
      int c,  h , cpt,l;
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    int ju,jl, mi;
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
        varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm);    int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
        int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
      int hstepm, nhstepm;
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");    double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);    double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");  
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);    double ftolpl=FTOL;
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){    double **prlim;
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    double *severity;
         if (popbased==1) {    double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double  *p;
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];    double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
         }    double ***delti3; /* Scale */
            double *delti; /* Scale */
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);    double ***eij, ***vareij;
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){    double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {    double *epj, vepp;
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];    double kk1, kk2;
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/    double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
           }  
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];    char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
         }  
   
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)    char z[1]="c", occ;
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)  #include <sys/time.h>
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];  #include <time.h>
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));    char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){   
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));    /* long total_usecs;
         }       struct timeval start_time, end_time;
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    
       }       gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     }    getcwd(pathcd, size);
   }  
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);    printf("\n%s",version);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);    if(argc <=1){
     free_vector(weight,1,n);      printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
   fclose(ficreseij);      scanf("%s",pathtot);
   fclose(ficresvij);    }
   fclose(ficrest);    else{
   fclose(ficpar);      strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);    }
      /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/      /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");    /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);  
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {    split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     exit(0);    chdir(path);
   }    replace(pathc,path);
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);  
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   k=0;  
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    /* Log file */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
       k=k+1;    strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      goto end;
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");    }
          fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     }    fflush(ficlog);
  }  
     /* */
   fclose(ficresvpl);    strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/    strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
      /*---------arguments file --------*/
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
        printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      goto end;
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    }
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);  
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    strcpy(filereso,"o");
      strcat(filereso,fileres);
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);      printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);      goto end;
     }
   if(erreur >0)  
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
   else   printf("End of Imach\n");    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */      ungetc(c,ficpar);
        fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/      puts(line);
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/      fputs(line,ficparo);
   /*------ End -----------*/    }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
  end:    fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
 #ifdef windows    printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/    fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
 #endif    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/      ungetc(c,ficpar);
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/      puts(line);
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/      fputs(line,ficparo);
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);    }
  strcat(plotcmd," ");    ungetc(c,ficpar);
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);    
  system(plotcmd);     
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
 #ifdef windows    cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
   while (z[0] != 'q') {    if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
     /* chdir(path); */  
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");    ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     scanf("%s",z);    nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");    
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);    /* Read guess parameters */
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);    /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
   }      ungetc(c,ficpar);
 #endif      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
 }      puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           else
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     p=param[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     /* delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
     /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%s",str);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
       for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1){
           printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         else
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
     }
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
       for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
      
     if(mle==1)
       printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
   
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
       
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=ivector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         }
           
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         } 
         num[i]=atol(stra);
           
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
         i=i+1;
       }
     }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);
     fclose(fic);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %d on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %d on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %d on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %d on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a
                                    month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%d %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
   
       pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
       mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
     }
       
     /*--------- results files --------------*/
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
     
   
     jk=1;
     fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) 
           {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
       }
     }
     if(mle==1){
       /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
       ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
       hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if (j!=i) {
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             jk++;
           }
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     if(mle==1)
       printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     for(i=1,k=1;i<=npar;i++){
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
           i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
           fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
           printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
       */
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%3d",i);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1)
           printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       k++;
     }
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     estepm=0;
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
     if (fage <= 2) {
       bage = ageminpar;
       fage = agemaxpar;
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
     fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
    
   
     dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
     dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
   
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   
     probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
   
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     fclose(ficgp);
     printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n
   \n
   Total number of observations=%d <br>\n
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);
      fclose(fichtm);
   
     printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
    
     /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
     chdir(path);
    
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
     free_ivector(num,1,n);
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);
     /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     fclose(ficparo);
     fclose(ficres);
   
   
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
     strcat(filerespl,fileres);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     ftolpl=1.e-10;
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
         printf("\n#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fclose(ficrespl);
   
     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
     fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
   
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
     fclose(ficrespij);
   
   
     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
     /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
     if(prevfcast==1){
       /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
   /*      }  */
   /*      else{ */
   /*        erreur=108; */
   /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*      } */
     }
     
   
     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
     strcpy(filerest,"t");
     strcat(filerest,fileres);
     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
     strcpy(filerese,"e");
     strcat(filerese,fileres);
     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
     /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
     prevalence(agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
   ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     */
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
         if(popbased==1){
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
         }
   
    
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav ==0){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
       }
     }
     free_vector(weight,1,n);
     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     
     /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
     }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
     /*  fclose(fichtm);*/
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/ /* ALready done */
     
   
     if(erreur >0){
       printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
     }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     
     /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/
     /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     end:
   #ifdef windows
     /* chdir(pathcd);*/
   #endif 
    /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/
    /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
     strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     system(plotcmd);
     printf(" Wait...");
   
    /*#ifdef windows*/
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
       if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
       else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     /*#endif */
   }
   
   

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changed lines
  Added in v.1.80


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