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Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.215 and 1.227

-version 1.215, 2015/12/16 08:52:24
+version 1.227, 2016/07/21 08:43:33
  Line 1
  /* $Id$
    $State$
    $Log$
+   Revision 1.227  2016/07/21 08:43:33  brouard
+   Summary: 0.99 working (more or less) for Asian Workshop on multitate methods
+   Revision 1.226  2016/07/12 18:42:34  brouard
+   Summary: temp
+   Revision 1.225  2016/07/12 08:40:03  brouard
+   Summary: saving but not running
+   Revision 1.224  2016/07/01 13:16:01  brouard
+   Summary: Fixes
+   Revision 1.223  2016/02/19 09:23:35  brouard
+   Summary: temporary
+   Revision 1.222  2016/02/17 08:14:50  brouard
+   Summary: Probably last 0.98 stable version 0.98r6
+   Revision 1.221  2016/02/15 23:35:36  brouard
+   Summary: minor bug
+   Revision 1.219  2016/02/15 00:48:12  brouard
+   *** empty log message ***
+   Revision 1.218  2016/02/12 11:29:23  brouard
+   Summary: 0.99 Back projections
+   Revision 1.217  2015/12/23 17:18:31  brouard
+   Summary: Experimental backcast
+   Revision 1.216  2015/12/18 17:32:11  brouard
+   Summary: 0.98r4 Warning and status=-2
+   Version 0.98r4 is now:
+    - displaying an error when status is -1, date of interview unknown and date of death known;
+    - permitting a status -2 when the vital status is unknown at a known date of right truncation.
+   Older changes concerning s=-2, dating from 2005 have been supersed.
    Revision 1.215  2015/12/16 08:52:24  brouard
    Summary: 0.98r4 working
- Line 604
+ Line 642
    Short summary of the programme:
-   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
+   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies or State-specific
-   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
+   (if states aren't health statuses) Expectancies from
-   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
+   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in:
-   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
-   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
+   -1- a first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages
-   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
+   are interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in
-   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
+   the case of a health survey which is our main interest)
-   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
-   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
+   -2- at least a second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which
-   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
+   measure each change (if any) in individual health status.  Health
-   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
+   expectancies are computed from the time spent in each health state
-   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
+   according to a model. More health states you consider, more time is
-   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
+   necessary to reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved
-   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
+   in the model.  The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model
-   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
+   where pij is the probability to be observed in state j at the second
-   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
+   wave conditional to be observed in state i at the first
-   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
+   wave. Therefore the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex +
-   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
+   etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to
+   have a more complex model than "constant and age", you should modify
+   the program where the markup *Covariates have to be included here
+   again* invites you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
    convergence.
    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
- Line 640
+ Line 681
    hPijx.
    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
    of the life expectancies. It also computes the period (stable) prevalence.
+ Back prevalence and projections:
+  - back_prevalence_limit(double *p, double **bprlim, double ageminpar,
+    double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, double
+    dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass, int
+    mobilavproj)
+     Computes the back prevalence limit for any combination of
+     covariate values k at any age between ageminpar and agemaxpar and
+     returns it in **bprlim. In the loops,
+    - **bprevalim(**bprlim, ***mobaverage, nlstate, *p, age, **oldm,
+        **savm, **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
+    - hBijx Back Probability to be in state i at age x-h being in j at x
+    Computes for any combination of covariates k and any age between bage and fage
+    p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+                         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+    - hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);
+      Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
+      'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
+      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
+      nhstepm*hstepm matrices.
+      Returns p3mat[i][j][h] after calling
+      p3mat[i][j][h]=matprod2(newm,
+      bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm,
+      dsavm,ij),\ 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
+      oldm);
+ Important routines
+ - func (or funcone), computes logit (pij) distinguishing
+   o fixed variables (single or product dummies or quantitative);
+   o varying variables by:
+    (1) wave (single, product dummies, quantitative),
+    (2) by age (can be month) age (done), age*age (done), age*Vn where Vn can be:
+        % fixed dummy (treated) or quantitative (not done because time-consuming);
+        % varying dummy (not done) or quantitative (not done);
+ - Tricode which tests the modality of dummy variables (in order to warn with wrong or empty modalities)
+   and returns the number of efficient covariates cptcoveff and modalities nbcode[Tvar[k]][1]= 0 and nbcode[Tvar[k]][2]= 1 usually.
+ - printinghtml which outputs results like life expectancy in and from a state for a combination of modalities of dummy variables
+   o There are 2*cptcoveff combinations of (0,1) for cptcoveff variables. Outputting only combinations with people, éliminating 1 1 if
+     race White (0 0), Black vs White (1 0), Hispanic (0 1) and 1 1 being meaningless.
    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
- Line 702
+ Line 791
  /* #define DEBUGLINMIN */
  /* #define DEBUGHESS */
  #define DEBUGHESSIJ
- /* #define LINMINORIGINAL  /\* Don't use loop on scale in linmin (accepting nan)*\/ */
+ /* #define LINMINORIGINAL  /\* Don't use loop on scale in linmin (accepting nan) *\/ */
  #define POWELL /* Instead of NLOPT */
- #define POWELLF1F3 /* Skip test */
+ #define POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST /* Skip test */
  /* #define POWELLORIGINAL /\* Don't use Directest to decide new direction but original Powell test *\/ */
  /* #define MNBRAKORIGINAL /\* Don't use mnbrak fix *\/ */
- Line 712
+ Line 801
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <string.h>
+ #include <ctype.h>
  #ifdef _WIN32
  #include <io.h>
- Line 778  typedef struct {
+ Line 868  typedef struct {
  #define decodtabm(h,k,cptcoveff) (((h-1) >> (k-1)) & 1) +1
  #define MAXN 20000
  #define YEARM 12. /**< Number of months per year */
- #define AGESUP 130
+ /* #define AGESUP 130 */
+ #define AGESUP 150
+ #define AGEMARGE 25 /* Marge for agemin and agemax for(iage=agemin-AGEMARGE; iage <= agemax+3+AGEMARGE; iage++) */
  #define AGEBASE 40
  #define AGEOVERFLOW 1.e20
  #define AGEGOMP 10 /**< Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
- Line 796  typedef struct {
+ Line 888  typedef struct {
  /* $State$ */
  #include "version.h"
  char version[]=__IMACH_VERSION__;
- char copyright[]="October 2015,INED-EUROREVES-Institut de longevite-Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121), Intel Software 2015";
+ char copyright[]="February 2016,INED-EUROREVES-Institut de longevite-Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121), Intel Software 2015-2018";
  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$";
  char strstart[80];
  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH];
- Line 805  int nagesqr=0, nforce=0; /* nagesqr=1 if
+ Line 897  int nagesqr=0, nforce=0; /* nagesqr=1 if
  /* Number of covariates model=V2+V1+ V3*age+V2*V4 */
  int cptcovn=0; /**< cptcovn number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age and age*product) */
  int cptcovt=0; /**< cptcovt number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age) */
- int cptcovs=0; /**< cptcovs number of simple covariates V2+V1 =2 */
+ int cptcovs=0; /**< cptcovs number of simple covariates in the model V2+V1 =2 */
+ int cptcovsnq=0; /**< cptcovsnq number of simple covariates in the model but non quantitative V2+V1 =2 */
  int cptcovage=0; /**< Number of covariates with age: V3*age only =1 */
  int cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age */
  int cptcoveff=0; /* Total number of covariates to vary for printing results */
+ int ncoveff=0; /* Total number of effective covariates in the model */
+ int nqfveff=0; /**< nqfveff Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
+ int ntveff=0; /**< ntveff number of effective time varying variables */
+ int nqtveff=0; /**< ntqveff number of effective time varying quantitative variables */
  int cptcov=0; /* Working variable */
+ int ncovcombmax=NCOVMAX; /* Maximum calculated number of covariate combination = pow(2, cptcoveff) */
  int npar=NPARMAX;
  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
  int ncovmodel=0, ncovcol=0;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
+ int  nqv=0, ntv=0, nqtv=0;    /* Total number of quantitative variables, time variable (dummy), quantitative and time variable */
  int popbased=0;
  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
- Line 832  double jmean=1; /* Mean space between 2
+ Line 931  double jmean=1; /* Mean space between 2
  double **matprod2(); /* test */
  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
+ double   **ddnewms, **ddoldms, **ddsavms; /* for freeing later */
  /*FILE *fic ; */ /* Used in readdata only */
- FILE *ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres, *ficresp, *ficresphtm, *ficresphtmfr, *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
+ FILE *ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres, *ficresp, *ficresphtm, *ficresphtmfr, *ficrespl, *ficresplb,*ficrespij, *ficrespijb, *ficrest,*ficresf, *ficresfb,*ficrespop;
  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
  int globpr=0; /* Global variable for printing or not */
  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
- Line 856  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ Line 957  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
  FILE  *ficresvpl;
  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
  char title[MAXLINE];
- char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH],  fileresplb[FILENAMELENGTH];
  char plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH], pplotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH];
  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
  int  outcmd=0;
- char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespijb[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
  char fileresu[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* fileres without r in front */
  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
- Line 939  int *ncodemaxwundef;  /* ncodemax[j]= Nu
+ Line 1040  int *ncodemaxwundef;  /* ncodemax[j]= Nu
                               covariate for which somebody answered including
                               undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
- double **pmmij, ***probs;
+ double **pmmij, ***probs; /* Global pointer */
+ double ***mobaverage, ***mobaverages; /* New global variable */
  double *ageexmed,*agecens;
  double dateintmean=0;
- Line 949  double *agedc;
+ Line 1051  double *agedc;
  double  **covar; /**< covar[j,i], value of jth covariate for individual i,
                    * covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
                    * cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*age; */
+ double **coqvar; /* Fixed quantitative covariate iqv */
+ double ***cotvar; /* Time varying covariate itv */
+ double ***cotqvar; /* Time varying quantitative covariate itqv */
  double  idx;
  int **nbcode, *Tvar; /**< model=V2 => Tvar[1]= 2 */
+ int *Typevar; /**< 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product */
+ int *Fixed; /** Fixed[k] 0=fixed, 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product */
+ int *Dummy; /** Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product */
  int *Tage;
+ int anyvaryingduminmodel=0; /**< Any varying dummy in Model=1 yes, 0 no, to avoid a loop on waves in freq */
+ int *Tmodelind; /** Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/
  int *Ndum; /** Freq of modality (tricode */
  /* int **codtab;*/ /**< codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); */
- int **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
+ int **Tvard;
+ int *Tprod;/**< Gives the k position of the k1 product */
+ int *Tposprod; /**< Gives the k1 product from the k position */
+ /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
+    if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2)
+    Tposprod[k]=k1 , Tposprod[3]=1, Tposprod[5]=2
+ */
+ int cptcovprod, *Tvaraff, *invalidvarcomb;
  double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
  double ftol=FTOL; /**< Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
- Line 1496  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl
+ Line 1613  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl
        etemp=e;
        e=d;
        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))
-         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));
+                                 d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));
        else {
-         d=p/q;
+                                 d=p/q;
-         u=x+d;
+                                 u=x+d;
-         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)
+                                 if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)
-           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);
+                                         d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);
        }
      } else {
        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));
- Line 1515  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl
+ Line 1632  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl
      } else {
        if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;
        if (fu <= fw || w == x) {
-         v=w;
+                                 v=w;
-         w=u;
+                                 w=u;
-         fv=fw;
+                                 fv=fw;
-         fw=fu;
+                                 fw=fu;
        } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {
-         v=u;
+                                 v=u;
-         fv=fu;
+                                 fv=fu;
        }
      }
    }
- Line 1562  values at the three points, fa, fb , and
+ Line 1679  values at the three points, fa, fb , and
    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);
    *fc=(*func)(*cx);
  #ifdef DEBUG
-   printf("mnbrak0 *fb=%.12e *fc=%.12e\n",*fb,*fc);
+   printf("mnbrak0 a=%lf *fa=%lf, b=%lf *fb=%lf, c=%lf *fc=%lf\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx, *fc);
-   fprintf(ficlog,"mnbrak0 *fb=%.12e *fc=%.12e\n",*fb,*fc);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"mnbrak0 a=%lf *fa=%lf, b=%lf *fb=%lf, c=%lf *fc=%lf\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx, *fc);
  #endif
-   while (*fb > *fc) { /* Declining a,b,c with fa> fb > fc */
+   while (*fb > *fc) { /* Declining a,b,c with fa> fb > fc. If fc=inf it exits and if flat fb=fc it exits too.*/
      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);
-     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);
+     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); /* What if fa=inf */
      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/
        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); /* Minimum abscissa of a parabolic estimated from (a,fa), (b,fb) and (c,fc). */
      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); /* Maximum abscissa where function should be evaluated */
- Line 1578  values at the three points, fa, fb , and
+ Line 1695  values at the three points, fa, fb , and
        double A, fparabu;
        A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
        fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
-       printf("mnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu);
+       printf("\nmnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f, q=%lf < %lf=r)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu,q,r);
-       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f, q=%lf < %lf=r)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu,q,r);
        /* And thus,it can be that fu > *fc even if fparabu < *fc */
        /* mnbrak (*ax=7.666299858533, *fa=299039.693133272231), (*bx=8.595447774979, *fb=298976.598289369489),
          (*cx=10.098840694817, *fc=298946.631474258087),  (*u=9.852501168332, fu=298948.773013752128, fparabu=298945.434711494134) */
- Line 1612  values at the three points, fa, fb , and
+ Line 1729  values at the three points, fa, fb , and
  /*      fu = *fc; */
  /*      *fc =dum; */
  /*       } */
- #ifdef DEBUG
+ #ifdef DEBUGMNBRAK
-       printf("mnbrak34  fu < or >= fc \n");
+                  double A, fparabu;
-       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak34 fu < fc\n");
+      A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
+      fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
+      printf("\nmnbrak35 ax=%lf fa=%lf bx=%lf fb=%lf, u=%lf fp=%lf fu=%lf < or >= fc=%lf cx=%lf, q=%lf < %lf=r \n",*ax, *fa, *bx,*fb,u,fparabu,fu,*fc,*cx,q,r);
+      fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak35 ax=%lf fa=%lf bx=%lf fb=%lf, u=%lf fp=%lf fu=%lf < or >= fc=%lf cx=%lf, q=%lf < %lf=r \n",*ax, *fa, *bx,*fb,u,fparabu,fu,*fc,*cx,q,r);
  #endif
        dum=u; /* Shifting c and u */
        u = *cx;
- Line 1625  values at the three points, fa, fb , and
+ Line 1745  values at the three points, fa, fb , and
  #endif
      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { /* u is after c but before ulim */
  #ifdef DEBUG
-       printf("mnbrak2  u after c but before ulim\n");
+       printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim\n",u,*cx);
-       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak2 u after c but before ulim\n");
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim\n",u,*cx);
  #endif
        fu=(*func)(u);
        if (fu < *fc) {
  #ifdef DEBUG
-       printf("mnbrak2  u after c but before ulim AND fu < fc\n");
+                                 printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim=%lf AND fu=%lf < %lf=fc\n",u,*cx,ulim,fu, *fc);
-       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak2 u after c but before ulim AND fu <fc \n");
+                           fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim=%lf AND fu=%lf < %lf=fc\n",u,*cx,ulim,fu, *fc);
+ #endif
+                           SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))
+                                 SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))
+ #ifdef DEBUG
+                                         printf("\nmnbrak2 shift GOLD c=%lf",*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx));
  #endif
-         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))
-         SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))
        }
      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { /* u outside ulim (verifying that ulim is beyond c) */
  #ifdef DEBUG
-       printf("mnbrak2  u outside ulim (verifying that ulim is beyond c)\n");
+       printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf outside ulim=%lf (verifying that ulim is beyond c=%lf)\n",u,ulim,*cx);
-       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak2 u outside ulim (verifying that ulim is beyond c)\n");
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf outside ulim=%lf (verifying that ulim is beyond c=%lf)\n",u,ulim,*cx);
  #endif
        u=ulim;
        fu=(*func)(u);
      } else { /* u could be left to b (if r > q parabola has a maximum) */
  #ifdef DEBUG
-       printf("mnbrak2  u could be left to b (if r > q parabola has a maximum)\n");
+       printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf could be left to b=%lf (if r=%lf > q=%lf parabola has a maximum)\n",u,*bx,r,q);
-       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak2  u could be left to b (if r > q parabola has a maximum)\n");
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf could be left to b=%lf (if r=%lf > q=%lf parabola has a maximum)\n",u,*bx,r,q);
  #endif
        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);
        fu=(*func)(u);
+ #ifdef DEBUG
+       printf("\nmnbrak2 new u=%lf fu=%lf shifted gold left from c=%lf and b=%lf \n",u,fu,*cx,*bx);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2 new u=%lf fu=%lf shifted gold left from c=%lf and b=%lf \n",u,fu,*cx,*bx);
+ #endif
      } /* end tests */
      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)
      SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)
  #ifdef DEBUG
-       printf("mnbrak2 (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu);
+       printf("\nmnbrak2 shift (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc);
-       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak2 (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu);
+       fprintf(ficlog, "\nmnbrak2 shift (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc);
  #endif
    } /* end while; ie return (a, b, c, fa, fb, fc) such that a < b < c with f(a) > f(b) and fb < f(c) */
  }
- Line 1671  int ncom;
+ Line 1798  int ncom;
  double *pcom,*xicom;
  double (*nrfunc)(double []);
+ #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))
+ #else
+ void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []), int *flat)
+ #endif
  {
    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,
                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);
- Line 1715  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int
+ Line 1846  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int
  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
  #else
      if (fx != fx){
-         xxs=xxs/scale; /* Trying a smaller xx, closer to initial ax=0 */
+                         xxs=xxs/scale; /* Trying a smaller xx, closer to initial ax=0 */
-         printf("|");
+                         printf("|");
-         fprintf(ficlog,"|");
+                         fprintf(ficlog,"|");
  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
-         printf("\nLinmin NAN : input [axs=%lf:xxs=%lf], mnbrak outputs fx=%lf <(fb=%lf and fa=%lf) with xx=%lf in [ax=%lf:bx=%lf] \n",  axs, xxs, fx,fb, fa, xx, ax, bx);
+                         printf("\nLinmin NAN : input [axs=%lf:xxs=%lf], mnbrak outputs fx=%lf <(fb=%lf and fa=%lf) with xx=%lf in [ax=%lf:bx=%lf] \n",  axs, xxs, fx,fb, fa, xx, ax, bx);
  #endif
      }
-   }while(fx != fx);
+   }while(fx != fx && xxs > 1.e-5);
  #endif
  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
    printf("\nLinmin after mnbrak: ax=%12.7f xx=%12.7f bx=%12.7f fa=%12.2f fx=%12.2f fb=%12.2f\n",  ax,xx,bx,fa,fx,fb);
    fprintf(ficlog,"\nLinmin after mnbrak: ax=%12.7f xx=%12.7f bx=%12.7f fa=%12.2f fx=%12.2f fb=%12.2f\n",  ax,xx,bx,fa,fx,fb);
  #endif
+ #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
+ #else
+         if(fb == fx){ /* Flat function in the direction */
+                 xmin=xx;
+     *flat=1;
+         }else{
+     *flat=0;
+ #endif
+                 /*Flat mnbrak2 shift (*ax=0.000000000000, *fa=51626.272983130431), (*bx=-1.618034000000, *fb=51590.149499362531), (*cx=-4.236068025156, *fc=51590.149499362531) */
    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); /* Giving a bracketting triplet (ax, xx, bx), find a minimum, xmin, according to f1dim, *fret(xmin),*/
    /* fa = f(p[j] + ax * xi[j]), fx = f(p[j] + xx * xi[j]), fb = f(p[j] + bx * xi[j]) */
    /* fmin = f(p[j] + xmin * xi[j]) */
    /* P+lambda n in that direction (lambdamin), with TOL between abscisses */
    /* f1dim(xmin): for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+xmin*xicom[j]; */
  #ifdef DEBUG
-   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
+   printf("retour brent from bracket (a=%lf fa=%lf, xx=%lf fx=%lf, b=%lf fb=%lf): fret=%lf xmin=%lf\n",ax,fa,xx,fx,bx,fb,*fret,xmin);
-   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent from bracket (a=%lf fa=%lf, xx=%lf fx=%lf, b=%lf fb=%lf): fret=%lf xmin=%lf\n",ax,fa,xx,fx,bx,fb,*fret,xmin);
+ #endif
+ #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
+ #else
+                         }
  #endif
  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
    printf("linmin end ");
- Line 1786  such that failure to decrease by more th
+ Line 1930  such that failure to decrease by more th
  output, p is set to the best point found, xi is the then-current direction set, fret is the returned
  function value at p , and iter is the number of iterations taken. The routine linmin is used.
   */
+ #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
+ #else
+         int *flatdir; /* Function is vanishing in that direction */
+         int flat=0, flatd=0; /* Function is vanishing in that direction */
+ #endif
  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,
              double (*func)(double []))
  {
-   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,
+ #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
+  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,
                double (*func)(double []));
+ #else
+  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,
+                                                  double (*func)(double []),int *flat);
+ #endif
    int i,ibig,j;
    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
    double directest;
    double fp,fptt;
    double *xits;
    int niterf, itmp;
+ #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
+ #else
+   flatdir=ivector(1,n);
+   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) flatdir[j]=0;
+ #endif
    pt=vector(1,n);
    ptt=vector(1,n);
- Line 1830  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 1990  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
        rforecast_time=rcurr_time;
        itmp = strlen(strcurr);
        if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
-         strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
+                                 strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
        printf("\nConsidering the time needed for the last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
        for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
-         rforecast_time=rcurr_time+(niterf-*iter)*(rcurr_time-rlast_time);
+                                 rforecast_time=rcurr_time+(niterf-*iter)*(rcurr_time-rlast_time);
-         forecast_time = *localtime(&rforecast_time);
+                                 forecast_time = *localtime(&rforecast_time);
-         strcpy(strfor,asctime(&forecast_time));
+                                 strcpy(strfor,asctime(&forecast_time));
-         itmp = strlen(strfor);
+                                 itmp = strlen(strfor);
-         if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
+                                 if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
-         strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
+                                         strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
-         printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
+                                 printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
-         fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
+                                 fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
        }
      }
      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { /* For each direction i */
- Line 1853  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 2013  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
  #endif
        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout); /* print direction (parameter) i */
        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
+ #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
-                                     /* Outputs are fret(new point p) p is updated and xit rescaled */
+ #else
+       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func,&flat); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
+                         flatdir[i]=flat; /* Function is vanishing in that direction i */
+ #endif
+                         /* Outputs are fret(new point p) p is updated and xit rescaled */
        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { /* We are keeping the max gain on each of the n directions */
-         /* because that direction will be replaced unless the gain del is small */
+                                 /* because that direction will be replaced unless the gain del is small */
-         /* in comparison with the 'probable' gain, mu^2, with the last average direction. */
+                                 /* in comparison with the 'probable' gain, mu^2, with the last average direction. */
-         /* Unless the n directions are conjugate some gain in the determinant may be obtained */
+                                 /* Unless the n directions are conjugate some gain in the determinant may be obtained */
-         /* with the new direction. */
+                                 /* with the new direction. */
-         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));
+                                 del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));
-         ibig=i;
+                                 ibig=i;
        }
  #ifdef DEBUG
        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
-         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
+                                 xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
-         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
+                                 printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
-         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
+                                 fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
        }
        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
-         printf(" p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
+                                 printf(" p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
-         fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
+                                 fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
- Line 1882  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 2047  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
      /* Convergence test will use last linmin estimation (fret) and compare former iteration (fp) */
      /* But p and xit have been updated at the end of linmin, *fret corresponds to new p, xit  */
      /* New value of last point Pn is not computed, P(n-1) */
+       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
+                                 if(flatdir[j] >0){
+                                         printf(" p(%d)=%lf flat=%d ",j,p[j],flatdir[j]);
+                                         fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%lf flat=%d ",j,p[j],flatdir[j]);
+                                 }
+                                 /* printf("\n"); */
+                                 /* fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
+                         }
      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) { /* Did we reach enough precision? */
        /* We could compare with a chi^2. chisquare(0.95,ddl=1)=3.84 */
        /* By adding age*age in a model, the new -2LL should be lower and the difference follows a */
- Line 1890  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 2063  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
        /* By adding age*age and V1*age the gain (-2LL) should be more than 5.99 (ddl=2) */
        /* By using V1+V2+V3, the gain should be  7.82, compared with basic 1+age. */
        /* By adding 10 parameters more the gain should be 18.31 */
        /* Starting the program with initial values given by a former maximization will simply change */
        /* the scales of the directions and the directions, because the are reset to canonical directions */
        /* Thus the first calls to linmin will give new points and better maximizations until fp-(*fret) is */
- Line 1918  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 2091  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
        }
  #endif
+ #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
+ #else
+       free_ivector(flatdir,1,n);
+ #endif
        free_vector(xit,1,n);
        free_vector(xits,1,n);
        free_vector(ptt,1,n);
- Line 1932  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 2108  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
        pt[j]=p[j];
      }
      fptt=(*func)(ptt); /* f_3 */
- #ifdef POWELLF1F3
+ #ifdef NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  /* No change in drections until some iterations are done */
+                 if (*iter <=4) {
+ #else
+ #endif
+ #ifdef POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST    /* skips test F3 <F1 */
  #else
      if (fptt < fp) { /* If extrapolated point is better, decide if we keep that new direction or not */
  #endif
- Line 1941  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 2121  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
        /* Let f"(x2) be the 2nd derivative equal everywhere.  */
        /* Then the parabolic through (x1,f1), (x2,f2) and (x3,f3) */
        /* will reach at f3 = fm + h^2/2 f"m  ; f" = (f1 -2f2 +f3 ) / h**2 */
-       /* Conditional for using this new direction is that mu^2 = (f1-2f2+f3)^2 /2 < del */
+       /* Conditional for using this new direction is that mu^2 = (f1-2f2+f3)^2 /2 < del or directest <0 */
+       /* also  lamda^2=(f1-f2)^2/mu² is a parasite solution of powell */
+       /* For powell, inclusion of this average direction is only if t(del)<0 or del inbetween mu^2 and lambda^2 */
        /* t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); */
+       /*  Even if f3 <f1, directest can be negative and t >0 */
+       /* mu² and del² are equal when f3=f1 */
+                         /* f3 < f1 : mu² < del <= lambda^2 both test are equivalent */
+                         /* f3 < f1 : mu² < lambda^2 < del then directtest is negative and powell t is positive */
+                         /* f3 > f1 : lambda² < mu^2 < del then t is negative and directest >0  */
+                         /* f3 > f1 : lambda² < del < mu^2 then t is positive and directest >0  */
  #ifdef NRCORIGINAL
        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)- del*SQR(fp-fptt); /* Original Numerical Recipes in C*/
  #else
- Line 1964  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 2152  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
        if (t < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
  #else
        if (directest*t < 0.0) { /* Contradiction between both tests */
-         printf("directest= %.12lf (if <0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt,del);
+                                 printf("directest= %.12lf (if <0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt,del);
          printf("f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
-         fprintf(ficlog,"directest= %.12lf (if <0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt, del);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"directest= %.12lf (if directest<0 or t<0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt, del);
          fprintf(ficlog,"f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
        }
        if (directest < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
  #endif
  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
-         printf("Before linmin in direction P%d-P0\n",n);
+                                 printf("Before linmin in direction P%d-P0\n",n);
-         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
+                                 for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
-           printf(" Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
+                                         printf(" Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
-           fprintf(ficlog," Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
+                                         fprintf(ficlog," Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
-           if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
+                                         if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
-             printf("\n");
+                                                 printf("\n");
-             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+                                                 fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
-           }
+                                         }
-         }
+                                 }
  #endif
-         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
+ #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
- #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
+                                 linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
-         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
+ #else
-           printf("After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
+                                 linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func,&flat); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
-           fprintf(ficlog,"After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
+                                 flatdir[i]=flat; /* Function is vanishing in that direction i */
-           if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
-             printf("\n");
-             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
-           }
-         }
  #endif
-         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
-           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; /* Replace direction with biggest decrease by last direction n */
-           xi[j][n]=xit[j];      /* and this nth direction by the by the average p_0 p_n */
-         }
-         printf("Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
-         fprintf(ficlog,"Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
+ #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
+                                 for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
+                                         printf("After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
+                                         fprintf(ficlog,"After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
+                                         if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
+                                                 printf("\n");
+                                                 fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+                                         }
+                                 }
+ #endif
+                                 for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
+                                         xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; /* Replace direction with biggest decrease by last direction n */
+                                         xi[j][n]=xit[j];      /* and this nth direction by the by the average p_0 p_n */
+                                 }
+ #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
+ #else
+                                 for (j=1, flatd=0;j<=n;j++) {
+                                         if(flatdir[j]>0)
+                                                 flatd++;
+                                 }
+                                 if(flatd >0){
+                                         printf("%d flat directions\n",flatd);
+                                         fprintf(ficlog,"%d flat directions\n",flatd);
+                                         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
+                                                 if(flatdir[j]>0){
+                                                         printf("%d ",j);
+                                                         fprintf(ficlog,"%d ",j);
+                                                 }
+                                         }
+                                         printf("\n");
+                                         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+                                 }
+ #endif
+                                 printf("Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
+                                 fprintf(ficlog,"Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
  #ifdef DEBUG
-         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
+                                 printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
-         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
+                                 fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
-         for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
+                                 for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
-           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
+                                         printf(" %lf",xit[j]);
-           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
+                                         fprintf(ficlog," %lf",xit[j]);
-         }
+                                 }
-         printf("\n");
+                                 printf("\n");
-         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+                                 fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  #endif
        } /* end of t or directest negative */
- #ifdef POWELLF1F3
+ #ifdef POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST
  #else
      } /* end if (fptt < fp)  */
  #endif
+ #ifdef NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  /* No change in drections until some iterations are done */
+                 } /*NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  No change in drections until some iterations are done */
+ #else
+ #endif
    } /* loop iteration */
  }
- Line 2022  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 2239  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij)
  {
-   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
+   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x and for covariate ij by left multiplying the unit
       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached with precision ftolpl */
    /* Wx= Wx-1 Px-1= Wx-2 Px-2 Px-1  = Wx-n Px-n ... Px-2 Px-1 I */
    /* Wx is row vector: population in state 1, population in state 2, population dead */
- Line 2045  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
+ Line 2262  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
    int i, ii,j,k;
    double *min, *max, *meandiff, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
    /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
-   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **pmij();
+   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **pmij(); /* **pmmij is a global variable feeded with oldms etc */
    double **newm;
    double agefin, delaymax=200. ; /* 100 Max number of years to converge */
    int ncvloop=0;
- Line 2054  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
+ Line 2271  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
    max=vector(1,nlstate);
    meandiff=vector(1,nlstate);
+         /* Starting with matrix unity */
    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
- Line 2072  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
+ Line 2290  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
        cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
        /* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
+                         /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' */
        cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
        /* printf("prevalim ij=%d k=%d Tvar[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])],cov[2+k], ij, k, codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]); */
      }
- Line 2087  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
+ Line 2306  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
      /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
      /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
+                 /* age and covariate values of ij are in 'cov' */
      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /* Bug Valgrind */
      savm=oldm;
- Line 2133  Earliest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvl
+ Line 2353  Earliest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvl
    return prlim; /* should not reach here */
  }
+  /**** Back Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
+  /* double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij) */
+  /* double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij) */
+  double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij)
+ {
+   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x and covariate ij by left multiplying the unit
+      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached with precision ftolpl */
+   /* Wx= Wx-1 Px-1= Wx-2 Px-2 Px-1  = Wx-n Px-n ... Px-2 Px-1 I */
+   /* Wx is row vector: population in state 1, population in state 2, population dead */
+   /* or prevalence in state 1, prevalence in state 2, 0 */
+   /* newm is the matrix after multiplications, its rows are identical at a factor */
+   /* Initial matrix pimij */
+   /* {0.85204250825084937, 0.13044499163996345, 0.017512500109187184, */
+   /* 0.090851990222114765, 0.88271245433047185, 0.026435555447413338, */
+   /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
+   /*
+    * and after some iteration: */
+   /* {0.45504275246439968, 0.42731458730878791, 0.11764266022681241, */
+   /*  0.45201005341706885, 0.42865420071559901, 0.11933574586733192, */
+   /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
+   /* And prevalence by suppressing the deaths are close to identical rows in prlim: */
+   /* {0.51571254859325999, 0.4842874514067399, */
+   /*  0.51326036147820708, 0.48673963852179264} */
+   /* If we start from prlim again, prlim tends to a constant matrix */
+   int i, ii,j,k;
+   double *min, *max, *meandiff, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
+   /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
+   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **bmij();
+   double **newm;
+   double         **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm;  /* for use */
+   double         **oldm, **savm;  /* for use */
+   double agefin, delaymax=200. ; /* 100 Max number of years to converge */
+   int ncvloop=0;
+   min=vector(1,nlstate);
+   max=vector(1,nlstate);
+   meandiff=vector(1,nlstate);
+         dnewm=ddnewms; doldm=ddoldms; dsavm=ddsavms;
+         oldm=oldms; savm=savms;
+         /* Starting with matrix unity */
+         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
+                 for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+     }
+   cov[1]=1.;
+   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
+   /* Start at agefin= age, computes the matrix of passage and loops decreasing agefin until convergence is reached */
+   /* for(agefin=age+stepm/YEARM; agefin<=age+delaymax; agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /\* A changer en age *\/ */
+   for(agefin=age; agefin<AGESUP; agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /* A changer en age */
+     ncvloop++;
+     newm=savm; /* oldm should be kept from previous iteration or unity at start */
+                 /* newm points to the allocated table savm passed by the function it can be written, savm could be reallocated */
+     /* Covariates have to be included here again */
+     cov[2]=agefin;
+     if(nagesqr==1)
+       cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
+     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
+       /* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
+       cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
+       /* printf("prevalim ij=%d k=%d Tvar[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])],cov[2+k], ij, k, codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]); */
+     }
+     /*wrong? for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
+     /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]*cov[2]; */
+     for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
+     for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /* Useless */
+       /* cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][1])] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][2])]; */
+       cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
+     /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
+     /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
+     /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
+     /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
+     /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
+                 /* ij should be linked to the correct index of cov */
+                 /* age and covariate values ij are in 'cov', but we need to pass
+                  * ij for the observed prevalence at age and status and covariate
+                  * number:  prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]
+                  */
+     /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, ageminpar, agemaxpar, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij)); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
+     /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij)); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
+     out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent,ij)); /* Bug Valgrind */
+     savm=oldm;
+     oldm=newm;
+     for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
+       max[j]=0.;
+       min[j]=1.;
+     }
+     for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
+       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
+                                 /* bprlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew); */
+                                 bprlim[i][j]= newm[i][j];
+                                 max[i]=FMAX(max[i],bprlim[i][j]); /* Max in line */
+                                 min[i]=FMIN(min[i],bprlim[i][j]);
+       }
+     }
+     maxmax=0.;
+     for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
+       meandiff[i]=(max[i]-min[i])/(max[i]+min[i])*2.; /* mean difference for each column */
+       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,meandiff[i]);
+       /* printf("Back age= %d meandiff[%d]=%f, agefin=%d max[%d]=%f min[%d]=%f maxmax=%f\n", (int)age, i, meandiff[i],(int)agefin, i, max[i], i, min[i],maxmax); */
+     } /* j loop */
+     *ncvyear= -( (int)age- (int)agefin);
+     /* printf("Back maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear);*/
+     if(maxmax < ftolpl){
+       /* printf("OK Back maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
+       free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
+       free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
+       free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
+       return bprlim;
+     }
+   } /* age loop */
+     /* After some age loop it doesn't converge */
+   printf("Warning: the back stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.0f years. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. \n\
+ Oldest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvloop=%d, ncvyear=%d\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, delaymax, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, *ncvyear);
+   /* Try to lower 'ftol', for example from 1.e-8 to 6.e-9.\n", ftolpl, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, (int)age-(int)agefin); */
+   free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
+   free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
+   free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
+   return bprlim; /* should not reach here */
+ }
  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/
  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
- Line 2154  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov,
+ Line 2505  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov,
    /*double t34;*/
    int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
-     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
+   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
-       for(j=1; j<i;j++){
+     for(j=1; j<i;j++){
-         for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
+       for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
-           /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
+         /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
-           lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
+         lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
- /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
+         /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
-         }
-         ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
- /*      printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
-       }
-       for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
-         for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
-           /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
-           lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
- /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
-         }
-         ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
        }
+       ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
+       /*        printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
      }
+     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
-     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
+       for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
-       s1=0;
+         /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
-       for(j=1; j<i; j++){
+         lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
-         s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
+         /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
-         /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
-       }
-       for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
-         s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
-         /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
-       }
-       /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
-       ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
-       /* Computing other pijs */
-       for(j=1; j<i; j++)
-         ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
-       for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
-         ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
-       /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
-     } /* end i */
-     for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
-       for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
-         ps[ii][jj]=0;
-         ps[ii][ii]=1;
        }
+       ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
      }
+   }
-     /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
+   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
-     /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
+     s1=0;
-     /*  printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
+     for(j=1; j<i; j++){
-     /*   } */
+       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
-     /*   printf("\n "); */
+       /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
-     /* } */
+     }
-     /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
+     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
-     /*
+       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
-       for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
+       /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
-       goto end;*/
+     }
-     return ps;
+     /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
+     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
+     /* Computing other pijs */
+     for(j=1; j<i; j++)
+       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
+     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
+       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
+     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
+   } /* end i */
+   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
+     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
+       ps[ii][jj]=0;
+       ps[ii][ii]=1;
+     }
+   }
+   /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
+   /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
+   /*    printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
+   /*   } */
+   /*   printf("\n "); */
+   /* } */
+   /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
+   /*
+     for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
+                 goto end;*/
+   return ps;
+ }
+ /*************** backward transition probabilities ***************/
+  /* double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ***dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
+ /* double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, double ***dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
+  double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, int ij )
+ {
+   /* Computes the backward probability at age agefin and covariate ij
+    * and returns in **ps as well as **bmij.
+    */
+   int i, ii, j,k;
+   double **out, **pmij();
+   double sumnew=0.;
+   double agefin;
+   double **dnewm, **dsavm, **doldm;
+   double **bbmij;
+   doldm=ddoldms; /* global pointers */
+   dnewm=ddnewms;
+   dsavm=ddsavms;
+   agefin=cov[2];
+   /* bmij *//* age is cov[2], ij is included in cov, but we need for
+      the observed prevalence (with this covariate ij) */
+   dsavm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
+   /* We do have the matrix Px in savm  and we need pij */
+   for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+     sumnew=0.; /* w1 p11 + w2 p21 only on live states */
+     for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate;ii++){
+       sumnew+=dsavm[ii][j]*prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij];
+     } /* sumnew is (N11+N21)/N..= N.1/N.. = sum on i of w_i pij */
+     for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
+       if(sumnew >= 1.e-10){
+         /* if(agefin >= agemaxpar && agefin <= agemaxpar+stepm/YEARM){ */
+         /*      doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0); */
+         /* }else if(agefin >= agemaxpar+stepm/YEARM){ */
+         /*      doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0); */
+         /* }else */
+         doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0);
+       }else{
+         printf("ii=%d, i=%d, doldm=%lf dsavm=%lf, probs=%lf, sumnew=%lf,agefin=%d\n",ii,j,doldm[ii][j],dsavm[ii][j],prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij],sumnew, (int)agefin);
+       }
+     } /*End ii */
+   } /* End j, At the end doldm is diag[1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] */
+   /* left Product of this diag matrix by dsavm=Px (newm=dsavm*doldm) */
+   bbmij=matprod2(dnewm, dsavm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, doldm); /* Bug Valgrind */
+   /* dsavm=doldm; /\* dsavm is now diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] but can be overwritten*\/ */
+   /* doldm=dnewm; /\* doldm is now Px * diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] *\/ */
+   /* dnewm=dsavm; /\* doldm is now Px * diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] *\/ */
+   /* left Product of this matrix by diag matrix of prevalences (savm) */
+   for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+     for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
+       dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij] : 0.0);
+     }
+   } /* End j, At the end oldm is diag[1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] */
+   ps=matprod2(doldm, dsavm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, dnewm); /* Bug Valgrind */
+   /* newm or out is now diag[w_i] * Px * diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] */
+   /* end bmij */
+   return ps;
+ }
+ /*************** transition probabilities ***************/
+ double **bpmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
+ {
+   /* According to parameters values stored in x and the covariate's values stored in cov,
+      computes the probability to be observed in state j being in state i by appying the
+      model to the ncovmodel covariates (including constant and age).
+      lnpijopii=ln(pij/pii)= aij+bij*age+cij*v1+dij*v2+... = sum_nc=1^ncovmodel xij(nc)*cov[nc]
+      and, according on how parameters are entered, the position of the coefficient xij(nc) of the
+      ncth covariate in the global vector x is given by the formula:
+      j<i nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel
+      j>=i nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel
+      Computes ln(pij/pii) (lnpijopii), deduces pij/pii by exponentiation,
+      sums on j different of i to get 1-pii/pii, deduces pii, and then all pij.
+      Outputs ps[i][j] the probability to be observed in j being in j according to
+      the values of the covariates cov[nc] and corresponding parameter values x[nc+shiftij]
+   */
+   double s1, lnpijopii;
+   /*double t34;*/
+   int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
+         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
+                 for(j=1; j<i;j++){
+                         for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
+                                 /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
+                                 lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
+                                 /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
+                         }
+                         ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
+                         /*      printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
+                 }
+                 for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+                         for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
+                                 /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
+                                 lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
+                                 /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
+                         }
+                         ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
+                 }
+         }
+         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
+                 s1=0;
+                 for(j=1; j<i; j++){
+                         s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
+                         /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
+                 }
+                 for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
+                         s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
+                         /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
+                 }
+                 /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
+                 ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
+                 /* Computing other pijs */
+                 for(j=1; j<i; j++)
+                         ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
+                 for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
+                         ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
+                 /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
+         } /* end i */
+         for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
+                 for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
+                         ps[ii][jj]=0;
+                         ps[ii][ii]=1;
+                 }
+         }
+         /* Added for backcast */ /* Transposed matrix too */
+         for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
+                 s1=0.;
+                 for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
+                         s1+=ps[ii][jj];
+                 }
+                 for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate; ii++){
+                         ps[ii][jj]=ps[ii][jj]/s1;
+                 }
+         }
+         /* Transposition */
+         for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
+                 for(ii=jj; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
+                         s1=ps[ii][jj];
+                         ps[ii][jj]=ps[jj][ii];
+                         ps[jj][ii]=s1;
+                 }
+         }
+         /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
+         /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
+         /*      printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
+         /*   } */
+         /*   printf("\n "); */
+         /* } */
+         /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
+         /*
+                 for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
+                 goto end;*/
+         return ps;
  }
  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,int nrl, int nrh, int ncl, int nch, int ncolol, int ncoloh, double **b)
- Line 2239  double **matprod2(double **out, double *
+ Line 2750  double **matprod2(double **out, double *
  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
  {
-   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
+   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' and combination of covariate values corresponding to ij over
       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
       nhstepm*hstepm matrices.
- Line 2275  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
+ Line 2786  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
          cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++)
          cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
-         /* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
+       /* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) /* Should start at cptcovn+1 */
          /* cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
-         /* cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[Tage[k]])]*cov[2]; */
+       /* cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[Tage[k]])]*cov[2]; */
        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /* Useless because included in cptcovn */
          cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
-         /* cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][1])]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][2])]; */
+       /* cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][1])]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][2])]; */
        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
+                         /* right multiplication of oldm by the current matrix */
        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
+       /* if((int)age == 70){ */
+       /*        printf(" Forward hpxij age=%d agexact=%f d=%d nhstepm=%d hstepm=%d\n", (int) age, agexact, d, nhstepm, hstepm); */
+       /*        for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
+       /*          printf("%d pmmij ",i); */
+       /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
+       /*            printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
+       /*          } */
+       /*          printf(" oldm "); */
+       /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
+       /*            printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
+       /*          } */
+       /*          printf("\n"); */
+       /*        } */
+       /* } */
        savm=oldm;
        oldm=newm;
      }
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
-         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
+                                 po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
-         /*if(h==nhstepm) printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);*/
+                                 /*if(h==nhstepm) printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);*/
        }
      /*printf("h=%d ",h);*/
    } /* end h */
- /*     printf("\n H=%d \n",h); */
+         /*     printf("\n H=%d \n",h); */
    return po;
  }
- #ifdef NLOPT
+ /************* Higher Back Matrix Product ***************/
-   double  myfunc(unsigned n, const double *p1, double *grad, void *pd){
+ /* double ***hbxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
-   double fret;
+ double ***hbxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, int stepm, int ij )
-   double *xt;
+ {
-   int j;
+   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
-   myfunc_data *d2 = (myfunc_data *) pd;
+      'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
- /* xt = (p1-1); */
+      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
-   xt=vector(1,n);
+      nhstepm*hstepm matrices.
-   for (j=1;j<=n;j++)   xt[j]=p1[j-1]; /* xt[1]=p1[0] */
+      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step
+      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big
+      for the memory).
+      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be
+      included manually here.
-   fret=(d2->function)(xt); /*  p xt[1]@8 is fine */
+   */
-   /* fret=(*func)(xt); /\*  p xt[1]@8 is fine *\/ */
+   int i, j, d, h, k;
+   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
+   double **newm;
+   double agexact;
+   double agebegin, ageend;
+   double **oldm, **savm;
+   oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
+   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
+     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+     }
+   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
+   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
+     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
+       newm=savm;
+       /* Covariates have to be included here again */
+       cov[1]=1.;
+       agexact=age-((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /* age just before transition */
+       /* agexact=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /\* age just before transition *\/ */
+       cov[2]=agexact;
+       if(nagesqr==1)
+         cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++)
+         cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
+       /* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) /* Should start at cptcovn+1 */
+         /* cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
+         cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
+       /* cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[Tage[k]])]*cov[2]; */
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /* Useless because included in cptcovn */
+         cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
+       /* cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][1])]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][2])]; */
+       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
+       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
+       /* Careful transposed matrix */
+       /* age is in cov[2] */
+       /* out=matprod2(newm, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij),\ */
+       /*                                                 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); */
+       out=matprod2(newm, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent,ij),\
+,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
+       /* if((int)age == 70){ */
+       /*        printf(" Backward hbxij age=%d agexact=%f d=%d nhstepm=%d hstepm=%d\n", (int) age, agexact, d, nhstepm, hstepm); */
+       /*        for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
+       /*          printf("%d pmmij ",i); */
+       /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
+       /*            printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
+       /*          } */
+       /*          printf(" oldm "); */
+       /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
+       /*            printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
+       /*          } */
+       /*          printf("\n"); */
+       /*        } */
+       /* } */
+       savm=oldm;
+       oldm=newm;
+     }
+     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
+       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
+         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
+         /*if(h==nhstepm) printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);*/
+       }
+     /*printf("h=%d ",h);*/
+   } /* end h */
+   /*     printf("\n H=%d \n",h); */
+   return po;
+ }
+ #ifdef NLOPT
+   double  myfunc(unsigned n, const double *p1, double *grad, void *pd){
+   double fret;
+   double *xt;
+   int j;
+   myfunc_data *d2 = (myfunc_data *) pd;
+ /* xt = (p1-1); */
+   xt=vector(1,n);
+   for (j=1;j<=n;j++)   xt[j]=p1[j-1]; /* xt[1]=p1[0] */
+   fret=(d2->function)(xt); /*  p xt[1]@8 is fine */
+   /* fret=(*func)(xt); /\*  p xt[1]@8 is fine *\/ */
    printf("Function = %.12lf ",fret);
    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) printf(" %d %.8lf", j, xt[j]);
    printf("\n");
- Line 2327  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
+ Line 2943  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
  double func( double *x)
  {
    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
+   int ioffset=0;
    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
    double **out;
    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
    int s1, s2;
+   int iv=0, iqv=0, itv=0, iqtv=0 ; /* Index of varying covariate, fixed quantitative cov, time varying covariate, quatitative time varying covariate */
    double bbh, survp;
    long ipmx;
    double agexact;
- Line 2347  double func( double *x)
+ Line 2965  double func( double *x)
    cov[1]=1.;
    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
+   ioffset=0;
    if(mle==1){
      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
        /* Computes the values of the ncovmodel covariates of the model
-          depending if the covariates are fixed or variying (age dependent) and stores them in cov[]
+          depending if the covariates are fixed or varying (age dependent) and stores them in cov[]
           Then computes with function pmij which return a matrix p[i][j] giving the elementary probability
           to be observed in j being in i according to the model.
-        */
+       */
-       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++){ /* Simple and product covariates without age* products */
+       ioffset=2+nagesqr+cptcovage;
-           cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
+       /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++){ /\* Simple and product covariates without age* products *\/ */
+       for (k=1; k<=ncoveff;k++){ /* Simple and product covariates without age* products */
+         cov[++ioffset]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
        }
+       for(iqv=1; iqv <= nqfveff; iqv++){ /* Quantitatives and Fixed covariates */
+         cov[++ioffset]=coqvar[iqv][i];
+       }
        /* In model V2+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2 Tvar[1] is V2, Tvar[2=V1*V4]
           is 6, Tvar[3=age*V3] should not be computed because of age Tvar[4=V3*V2]
           has been calculated etc */
+       /* For an individual i, wav[i] gives the number of effective waves */
+       /* We compute the contribution to Likelihood of each effective transition
+          mw[mi][i] is real wave of the mi th effectve wave */
+       /* Then statuses are computed at each begin and end of an effective wave s1=s[ mw[mi][i] ][i];
+          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
+          And the iv th varying covariate is the cotvar[mw[mi+1][i]][iv][i]
+          But if the variable is not in the model TTvar[iv] is the real variable effective in the model:
+          meaning that decodemodel should be used cotvar[mw[mi+1][i]][TTvar[iv]][i]
+       */
        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
+         for(itv=1; itv <= ntveff; itv++){ /* Varying dummy covariates */
+           cov[ioffset+itv]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][itv][i];
+         }
+         for(iqtv=1; iqtv <= nqtveff; iqtv++){ /* Varying quantitatives covariates */
+           if(cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][iqtv][i] == -1){
+             printf("i=%d, mi=%d, iqtv=%d, cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][iqtv][i]=%f",i,mi,iqtv,cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][iqtv][i]);
+           }
+           cov[ioffset+ntveff+iqtv]=cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][iqtv][i];
+         }
+         /* ioffset=2+nagesqr+cptcovn+nqv+ntv+nqtv; */
          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
- Line 2372  double func( double *x)
+ Line 3015  double func( double *x)
            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
            cov[2]=agexact;
            if(nagesqr==1)
-             cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
+             cov[3]= agexact*agexact;  /* Should be changed here */
            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact; /* Tage[kk] gives the data-covariate associated with age */
            }
- Line 2381  double func( double *x)
+ Line 3024  double func( double *x)
            savm=oldm;
            oldm=newm;
          } /* end mult */
          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay
- Line 2409  double func( double *x)
+ Line 3052  double func( double *x)
               which is also equal to probability to die before dh
               minus probability to die before dh-stepm .
               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
-         as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
+              as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
-         health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
+              health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
-         and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
+              and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
-         to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
+              to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
-         (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
+              (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
-         introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
+              introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
-         the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
+              the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
-         contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
+              contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
-         stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
+              stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
-         and month of death but the probability to survive from last
+              and month of death but the probability to survive from last
-         interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
+              interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
-         probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
+              probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
-         Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
+              Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
-         mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
+              mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
-         which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
+              which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
-         lower mortality.
+              lower mortality.
+           */
+           /* If, at the beginning of the maximization mostly, the
+              cumulative probability or probability to be dead is
+              constant (ie = 1) over time d, the difference is equal to
+.  out[s1][3] = savm[s1][3]: probability, being at state
+              s1 at precedent wave, to be dead a month before current
+              wave is equal to probability, being at state s1 at
+              precedent wave, to be dead at mont of the current
+              wave. Then the observed probability (that this person died)
+              is null according to current estimated parameter. In fact,
+              it should be very low but not zero otherwise the log go to
+              infinity.
            */
-         /* If, at the beginning of the maximization mostly, the
-            cumulative probability or probability to be dead is
-            constant (ie = 1) over time d, the difference is equal to
-.  out[s1][3] = savm[s1][3]: probability, being at state
-            s1 at precedent wave, to be dead a month before current
-            wave is equal to probability, being at state s1 at
-            precedent wave, to be dead at mont of the current
-            wave. Then the observed probability (that this person died)
-            is null according to current estimated parameter. In fact,
-            it should be very low but not zero otherwise the log go to
-            infinity.
-         */
  /* #ifdef INFINITYORIGINAL */
  /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
  /* #else */
- Line 2446  double func( double *x)
+ Line 3089  double func( double *x)
  /*        else */
  /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
  /* #endif */
-             lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
+           lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
-         } else if  (s2==-2) {
+         } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)
              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
            /*survp += out[s1][j]; */
            lli= log(survp);
          }
+         else if  (s2==-4) {
-         else if  (s2==-4) {
            for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)
              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
            lli= log(survp);
          }
+         else if  (s2==-5) {
-         else if  (s2==-5) {
+           for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)
-           for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)
              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
            lli= log(survp);
          }
          else{
            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
- Line 2474  double func( double *x)
+ Line 3114  double func( double *x)
          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
          ipmx +=1;
          sw += weight[i];
          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
          /* if (lli < log(mytinydouble)){ */
- Line 2578  double func( double *x)
+ Line 3218  double func( double *x)
          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
          if( s2 > nlstate){
            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
+         } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
+           for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)
+             survp += out[s1][j];
+           lli= log(survp);
          }else{
            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
          }
- Line 2633  double funcone( double *x)
+ Line 3277  double funcone( double *x)
  {
    /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
+         int ioffset=0;
    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
    double **out;
    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
    double llt;
    int s1, s2;
+         int iv=0, iqv=0, itv=0, iqtv=0 ; /* Index of varying covariate, fixed quantitative cov, time varying covariate */
    double bbh, survp;
    double agexact;
    double agebegin, ageend;
- Line 2650  double funcone( double *x)
+ Line 3296  double funcone( double *x)
    cov[1]=1.;
    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
+   ioffset=0;
    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
-     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
+     ioffset=2+nagesqr+cptcovage;
-     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
+     /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i]; */
+     for (k=1; k<=ncoveff+nqfveff;k++){ /* Simple and product fixed covariates without age* products */
+       cov[++ioffset]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
+     }
+     for(iqv=1; iqv <= nqfveff; iqv++){ /* Quantitative fixed covariates */
+       cov[++ioffset]=coqvar[Tvar[iqv]][i];
+     }
+     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  /* Varying with waves */
+       for(itv=1; itv <= ntveff; itv++){ /* Varying dummy covariates */
+         cov[ioffset+itv]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][itv][i];
+       }
+       for(iqtv=1; iqtv <= nqtveff; iqtv++){ /* Varying quantitatives covariates */
+         cov[ioffset+ntveff+iqtv]=cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][iqtv][i];
+       }
        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
- Line 2673  double funcone( double *x)
+ Line 3333  double funcone( double *x)
          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
            cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
          }
+         /* printf("i=%d,mi=%d,d=%d,mw[mi][i]=%d\n",i, mi,d,mw[mi][i]); */
          /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
 ,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
- Line 2685  double funcone( double *x)
+ Line 3345  double funcone( double *x)
        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
+       /* if(s2==-1){ */
+       /*        printf(" s1=%d, s2=%d i=%d \n", s1, s2, i); */
+       /*        /\* exit(1); *\/ */
+       /* } */
        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm;
        /* bias is positive if real duration
         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
         */
        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
-       } else if  (s2==-2) {
+       } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
          for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)
            survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
          lli= log(survp);
- Line 2712  double funcone( double *x)
+ Line 3376  double funcone( double *x)
        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
        /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
        if(globpr){
-         fprintf(ficresilk,"%9ld %6.1f %6.1f %6d %2d %2d %2d %2d %3d %11.6f %8.4f %8.3f\
+         fprintf(ficresilk,"%9ld %6.1f %6.1f %6d %2d %2d %2d %2d %3d %15.6f %8.4f %8.3f\
   %11.6f %11.6f %11.6f ", \
                  num[i], agebegin, ageend, i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],weight[i]*gipmx/gsw,
 *weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
- Line 3070  double hessij( double x[], double **hess
+ Line 3734  double hessij( double x[], double **hess
        kmax=kmax+10;
      }
      if(kmax >=10 || firstime ==1){
-       printf("Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
+       printf("Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; you may increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
-       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; you may increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
        printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti*k=%.12e deltj*k=%.12e, xi-de*k=%.12e xj-de*k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti*k=%.12e deltj*k=%.12e, xi-de*k=%.12e xj-de*k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
      }
- Line 3228  void pstamp(FILE *fichier)
+ Line 3892  void pstamp(FILE *fichier)
  /************ Frequencies ********************/
  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, \
-                   int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[],\
+                   int *Tvaraff, int *invalidvarcomb, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[], \
                    int firstpass,  int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[])
  {  /* Some frequencies */
-   int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j;
+   int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j, k, iv;
+   int iind=0, iage=0;
    int mi; /* Effective wave */
    int first;
    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
-   double *pp, **prop;
+   double *meanq;
-   double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
+   double **meanqt;
+   double *pp, **prop, *posprop, *pospropt;
+   double pos=0., posproptt=0., pospropta=0., k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresphtm[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresphtmfr[FILENAMELENGTH];
    double agebegin, ageend;
    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
-   prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
+   prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+3+AGEMARGE);
+   posprop=vector(1,nlstate); /* Counting the number of transition starting from a live state per age */
+   pospropt=vector(1,nlstate); /* Counting the number of transition starting from a live state */
+   /* prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); */
+   meanq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
+   meanqt=matrix(1,lastpass,1,nqtveff);
    strcpy(fileresp,"P_");
    strcat(fileresp,fileresu);
    /*strcat(fileresphtm,fileresu);*/
- Line 3263  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia
+ Line 3935  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia
      fprintf(ficresphtm,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh PHTM_ %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
  <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
  Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
-           fileresphtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
+             fileresphtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
    }
-     fprintf(ficresphtm,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies and prevalence by age at begin of transition</h4>\n",fileresphtm, fileresphtm);
+   fprintf(ficresphtm,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies and prevalence by age at begin of transition</h4>\n",fileresphtm, fileresphtm);
    strcpy(fileresphtmfr,subdirfext(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"));
    if((ficresphtmfr=fopen(fileresphtmfr,"w"))==NULL) {
- Line 3278  Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d La
+ Line 3950  Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d La
      fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh PHTM_Frequency table %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
  <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
  Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
-           fileresphtmfr,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
+             fileresphtmfr,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
    }
    fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies of all effective transitions by age at begin of transition </h4>Unknown status is -1<br/>\n",fileresphtmfr, fileresphtmfr);
-   freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
+   freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+3+AGEMARGE);
    j1=0;
-   j=cptcoveff;
+   /* j=ncoveff;  /\* Only fixed dummy covariates *\/ */
+   j=cptcoveff;  /* Only dummy covariates of the model */
    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
    first=1;
-   for (j1 = 1; j1 <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); j1++){ /* Loop on covariates combination */
+   /* Detects if a combination j1 is empty: for a multinomial variable like 3 education levels:
-       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
+      reference=low_education V1=0,V2=0
-         scanf("%d", i);*/
+      med_educ                V1=1 V2=0,
-       for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
+      high_educ               V1=0 V2=1
-         for (jk=-5; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
+      Then V1=1 and V2=1 is a noisy combination that we want to exclude for the list 2**cptcoveff
-           for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
+   */
-             freq[i][jk][m]=0;
+   for (j1 = 1; j1 <= (int) pow(2,j); j1++){ /* Loop on covariates combination in order of model, excluding quantitatives V4=0, V3=0 for example, fixed or varying covariates */
-       for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)
+     posproptt=0.;
+     /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
+       scanf("%d", i);*/
+     for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
+       for (jk=-5; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
-           prop[i][m]=0;
+           freq[i][jk][m]=0;
+     for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  {
+       for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
+         prop[i][m]=0;
+       posprop[i]=0;
+       pospropt[i]=0;
+     }
+     /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) {   */
+     /*   meanq[z1]+=0.; */
+     /*   for(m=1;m<=lastpass;m++){ */
+     /*  meanqt[m][z1]=0.; */
+     /*   } */
+     /* } */
-       dateintsum=0;
+     dateintsum=0;
-       k2cpt=0;
+     k2cpt=0;
-       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* For each individual i */
+     /* For that combination of covariate j1, we count and print the frequencies in one pass */
-         bool=1;
+     for (iind=1; iind<=imx; iind++) { /* For each individual iind */
-         if (cptcovn>0) { /* Filter is here: Must be looked at for model=V1+V2+V3+V4 */
+       bool=1;
-           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)
+       if(anyvaryingduminmodel==0){ /* If All fixed covariates */
-             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]){
+         if (cptcoveff >0) { /* Filter is here: Must be looked at for model=V1+V2+V3+V4 */
-                 /* Tests if the value of each of the covariates of i is equal to filter j1 */
+           /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) {   */
-               bool=0;
+           /*   meanq[z1]+=coqvar[Tvar[z1]][iind];  /\* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter *\/ */
-               /* printf("bool=%d i=%d, z1=%d, Tvaraff[%d]=%d, covar[Tvarff][%d]=%2f, codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, nbcode[Tvaraff][codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, j1=%d\n",
+           /* } */
-                 bool,i,z1, z1, Tvaraff[z1],i,covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i],j1,z1,codtabm(j1,z1),
+           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) {
-                 j1,z1,nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)],j1);*/
+             /* if(Tvaraff[z1] ==-20){ */
-               /* For j1=7 in V1+V2+V3+V4 = 0 1 1 0 and codtabm(7,3)=1 and nbcde[3][?]=1*/
+             /*   /\* sumnew+=cotvar[mw[mi][iind]][z1][iind]; *\/ */
-             }
+             /* }else  if(Tvaraff[z1] ==-10){ */
+             /*   /\* sumnew+=coqvar[z1][iind]; *\/ */
+             /* }else  */
+             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]){
+               /* Tests if this individual iind responded to j1 (V4=1 V3=0) */
+               bool=0;
+               /* printf("bool=%d i=%d, z1=%d, Tvaraff[%d]=%d, covar[Tvarff][%d]=%2f, codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, nbcode[Tvaraff][codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, j1=%d\n",
+                  bool,i,z1, z1, Tvaraff[z1],i,covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i],j1,z1,codtabm(j1,z1),
+                  j1,z1,nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)],j1);*/
+               /* For j1=7 in V1+V2+V3+V4 = 0 1 1 0 and codtabm(7,3)=1 and nbcde[3][?]=1*/
+             } /* Onlyf fixed */
+           } /* end z1 */
          } /* cptcovn > 0 */
+       } /* end any */
-         if (bool==1){
+       if (bool==1){ /* We selected an individual iind satisfying combination j1 or all fixed */
-           /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){ */
+         /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){ */
-           for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
+         for(mi=1; mi<wav[iind];mi++){ /* For that wave */
-             m=mw[mi][i];
+           m=mw[mi][iind];
-             /* dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective (mi) waves m=mw[mi][i]
+           if(anyvaryingduminmodel==1){ /* Some are varying covariates */
-                and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm. */
+             for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) {
-             agebegin=agev[m][i]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
+               if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]==1){
-             ageend=agev[m][i]+(dh[m][i])*stepm/YEARM; /* Age at end of wave and transition */
+                 iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]]-ncovcol-nqv;
+                 if (cotvar[m][iv][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) /* iv=1 to ntv, right modality */
+                   bool=0;
+               }else if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]== 0) { /* fixed */
+                 if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) {
+                   bool=0;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
+           }/* Some are varying covariates, we tried to speed up if all fixed covariates in the model, avoiding waves loop  */
+           /* bool =0 we keep that guy which corresponds to the combination of dummy values */
+           if(bool==1){
+             /* dh[m][iind] or dh[mw[mi][iind]][iind] is the delay between two effective (mi) waves m=mw[mi][iind]
+                and mw[mi+1][iind]. dh depends on stepm. */
+             agebegin=agev[m][iind]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
+             ageend=agev[m][iind]+(dh[m][iind])*stepm/YEARM; /* Age at end of wave and transition */
              if(m >=firstpass && m <=lastpass){
-               k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
+               k2=anint[m][iind]+(mint[m][iind]/12.);
                /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
-               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;  /* All ages equal to 0 are in iagemax+1 */
+               if(agev[m][iind]==0) agev[m][iind]=iagemax+1;  /* All ages equal to 0 are in iagemax+1 */
-               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;  /* All ages equal to 1 are in iagemax+2 */
+               if(agev[m][iind]==1) agev[m][iind]=iagemax+2;  /* All ages equal to 1 are in iagemax+2 */
-               if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate)  /* If status at wave m is known and a live state */
+               if (s[m][iind]>0 && s[m][iind]<=nlstate)  /* If status at wave m is known and a live state */
-                 prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
+                 prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind];  /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                if (m<lastpass) {
-                 /* if(s[m][i]==4 && s[m+1][i]==4) */
+                 /* if(s[m][iind]==4 && s[m+1][iind]==4) */
-                 /*   printf(" num=%ld m=%d, i=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d\n", num[i], m, i,s[m][i],s[m+1][i], (int)agev[m][i]); */
+                 /*   printf(" num=%ld m=%d, iind=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d\n", num[iind], m, iind,s[m][iind],s[m+1][iind], (int)agev[m][iind]); */
-                 if(s[m][i]==-1)
+                 if(s[m][iind]==-1)
-                   printf(" num=%ld m=%d, i=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d agebegin=%.2f ageend=%.2f, agemed=%d\n", num[i], m, i,s[m][i],s[m+1][i], (int)agev[m][i],agebegin, ageend, (int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.));
+                   printf(" num=%ld m=%d, iind=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d agebegin=%.2f ageend=%.2f, agemed=%d\n", num[iind], m, iind,s[m][iind],s[m+1][iind], (int)agev[m][iind],agebegin, ageend, (int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.));
-                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i]; /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
+                 freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind]; /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
-                 /* freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.)] += weight[i]; */
+                 /* freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][(int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.)] += weight[iind]; */
-                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; /* Total is in iagemax+3 *//* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
+                 freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][iagemax+3] += weight[iind]; /* Total is in iagemax+3 *//* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                }
-             }
+             } /* end if between passes */
-             if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3)) && (anint[m][i]!=9999) && (mint[m][i]!=99)) {
+             if ((agev[m][iind]>1) && (agev[m][iind]< (iagemax+3)) && (anint[m][iind]!=9999) && (mint[m][iind]!=99)) {
                dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
                k2cpt++;
-               /* printf("i=%ld dateintmean = %lf dateintsum=%lf k2cpt=%lf k2=%lf\n",i, dateintsum/k2cpt, dateintsum,k2cpt, k2); */
+               /* printf("iind=%ld dateintmean = %lf dateintsum=%lf k2cpt=%lf k2=%lf\n",iind, dateintsum/k2cpt, dateintsum,k2cpt, k2); */
              }
-             /*}*/
+           } /* end bool 2 */
-           } /* end m */
+         } /* end m */
-         } /* end bool */
+       } /* end bool */
-       } /* end i = 1 to imx */
+     } /* end iind = 1 to imx */
+     /* prop[s][age] is feeded for any initial and valid live state as well as
-       /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
+        freq[s1][s2][age] at single age of beginning the transition, for a combination j1 */
-       pstamp(ficresp);
-       if  (cptcovn>0) {
-         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");
+     /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
-         fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable ");
+     pstamp(ficresp);
-         fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable ");
+     /* if  (ncoveff>0) { */
-         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
+     if  (cptcoveff>0) {
-           fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
+       fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");
-           fprintf(ficresphtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
+       fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable ");
-           fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
+       fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable ");
-         }
+       for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
-           fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
+         fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(ficresphtm, "**********</h3>\n");
+         fprintf(ficresphtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "**********</h3>\n");
+         fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(ficlog, "\n#********** Variable ");
+       }
-         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficlog, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
+       fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
-         fprintf(ficlog, "**********\n");
+       fprintf(ficresphtm, "**********</h3>\n");
-       }
+       fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "**********</h3>\n");
-       fprintf(ficresphtm,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
+       fprintf(ficlog, "\n#********** Variable ");
-       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
+       for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficlog, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
+       fprintf(ficlog, "**********\n");
-         fprintf(ficresphtm, "<th>Age</th><th>Prev(%d)</th><th>N(%d)</th><th>N</th>",i,i);
+     }
-       }
+     fprintf(ficresphtm,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
-       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
+     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
-       fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n");
+       fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
+       fprintf(ficresphtm, "<th>Age</th><th>Prev(%d)</th><th>N(%d)</th><th>N</th>",i,i);
-       /* Header of frequency table by age */
+     }
-       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
+     fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
-       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>Age</th> ");
+     fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n");
-       for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++){
-         for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
+     /* Header of frequency table by age */
-           if(jk!=0 && m!=0)
+     fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
-             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>%d%d</th> ",jk,m);
+     fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>Age</th> ");
-         }
+     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++){
-       }
+       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
-       fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n");
+         if(jk!=0 && m!=0)
+           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>%d%d</th> ",jk,m);
-       /* For each age */
+       }
-       for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
+     }
-         fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr>");
+     fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n");
-         if(i==iagemax+1){
-           fprintf(ficlog,"1");
+     /* For each age */
-           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>0</th> ");
+     for(iage=iagemin; iage <= iagemax+3; iage++){
-         }else if(i==iagemax+2){
+       fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr>");
-           fprintf(ficlog,"0");
+       if(iage==iagemax+1){
-           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Unknown</th> ");
+         fprintf(ficlog,"1");
-         }else if(i==iagemax+3){
+         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>0</th> ");
-           fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
+       }else if(iage==iagemax+2){
-           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Total</th> ");
+         fprintf(ficlog,"0");
-         }else{
+         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Unknown</th> ");
+       }else if(iage==iagemax+3){
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
+         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Total</th> ");
+       }else{
+         if(first==1){
+           first=0;
+           printf("See log file for details...\n");
+         }
+         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>%d</th> ",iage);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", iage);
+       }
+       for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+         for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
+           pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][iage];
+       }
+       for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+         for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
+           pos += freq[jk][m][iage];
+         if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
            if(first==1){
-             first=0;
+             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
-             printf("See log file for details...\n");
-           }
-           fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>%d</th> ",i);
-           fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
-         }
-         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
-           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
-             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
-         }
-         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
-           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
-             pos += freq[jk][m][i];
-           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
-             if(first==1){
-               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
-             }
-             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
-           }else{
-             if(first==1)
-               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
-             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
            }
+           fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
+         }else{
+           if(first==1)
+             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
+           fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
          }
+       }
-         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+       for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
-           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
+         /* posprop[jk]=0; */
-             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
+         for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)/* Summing on all ages */
-         }
+           pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][iage];
-         for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+       } /* pp[jk] is the total number of transitions starting from state jk and any ending status until this age */
-           pos += pp[jk];
-           posprop += prop[jk][i];
+       for(jk=1,pos=0, pospropta=0.; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+         pos += pp[jk]; /* pos is the total number of transitions until this age */
+         posprop[jk] += prop[jk][iage]; /* prop is the number of transitions from a live state
+                                           from jk at age iage prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind] */
+         pospropta += prop[jk][iage]; /* prop is the number of transitions from a live state
+                                         from jk at age iage prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind] */
+       }
+       for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+         if(pos>=1.e-5){
+           if(first==1)
+             printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
+           fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
+         }else{
+           if(first==1)
+             printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
+           fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
          }
-         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+         if( iage <= iagemax){
            if(pos>=1.e-5){
-             if(first==1)
+             fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",iage,prop[jk][iage]/pospropta, prop[jk][iage],pospropta);
-               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
+             fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",iage,prop[jk][iage]/pospropta, prop[jk][iage],pospropta);
-             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
+             /*probs[iage][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
-           }else{
+             /*printf("\niage=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",iage,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[iage][jk][j1]);*/
-             if(first==1)
+           }
-               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
+           else{
-             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
+             fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",iage,prop[jk][iage],pospropta);
-           }
+             fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>NaNq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",iage, prop[jk][iage],pospropta);
-           if( i <= iagemax){
-             if(pos>=1.e-5){
-               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
-               fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
-               /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
-               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
-             }
-             else{
-               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
-               fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>NaNq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",i, prop[jk][i],posprop);
-             }
            }
          }
+         pospropt[jk] +=posprop[jk];
-         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++){
+       } /* end loop jk */
-           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
+       /* pospropt=0.; */
-             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) { /* minimizing output */
+       for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++){
-               if(first==1){
+         for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
-                 printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
+           if(freq[jk][m][iage] !=0 ) { /* minimizing output */
-               }
+             if(first==1){
-               fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
+               printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][iage]);
              }
-             if(jk!=0 && m!=0)
+             fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][iage]);
-               fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<td>%.0f</td> ",freq[jk][m][i]);
            }
+           if(jk!=0 && m!=0)
+             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<td>%.0f</td> ",freq[jk][m][iage]);
          }
-         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</tr>\n ");
+       } /* end loop jk */
-         if(i <= iagemax){
+       posproptt=0.;
-           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
+       for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate; jk++){
-           fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
+         posproptt += pospropt[jk];
-         }
+       }
-         if(first==1)
+       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</tr>\n ");
-           printf("Others in log...\n");
+       if(iage <= iagemax){
-         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+         fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
-       } /* end loop i */
+         fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
-       fprintf(ficresphtm,"</table>\n");
+       }
-       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
+       if(first==1)
-       /*}*/
+         printf("Others in log...\n");
-   } /* end j1 */
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+     } /* end loop age iage */
+     fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr><th>Tot</th>");
+     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+       if(posproptt < 1.e-5){
+         fprintf(ficresphtm,"<td>Nanq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",pospropt[jk],posproptt);
+       }else{
+         fprintf(ficresphtm,"<td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",pospropt[jk]/posproptt,pospropt[jk],posproptt);
+       }
+     }
+     fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
+     fprintf(ficresphtm,"</table>\n");
+     fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
+     if(posproptt < 1.e-5){
+       fprintf(ficresphtm,"\n <p><b> This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced</b></p>",j1);
+       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"\n <p><b> This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced</b></p>",j1);
+       fprintf(ficres,"\n  This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced\n\n",j1);
+       invalidvarcomb[j1]=1;
+     }else{
+       fprintf(ficresphtm,"\n <p> This combination (%d) is valid and result will be produced.</p>",j1);
+       invalidvarcomb[j1]=0;
+     }
+     fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
+   } /* end selected combination of covariate j1 */
    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;
    fclose(ficresp);
    fclose(ficresphtm);
    fclose(ficresphtmfr);
-   free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
+   free_vector(meanq,1,nqfveff);
+   free_matrix(meanqt,1,lastpass,1,nqtveff);
+   free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+3+AGEMARGE);
+   free_vector(pospropt,1,nlstate);
+   free_vector(posprop,1,nlstate);
+   free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+3+AGEMARGE);
    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
-   free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
+   /* End of freqsummary */
-   /* End of Freq */
  }
  /************ Prevalence ********************/
- Line 3505  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
+ Line 4257  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
       We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
    */
-   int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j;
+   int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j, iv;
    int mi; /* Effective wave */
    int iage;
    double agebegin, ageend;
- Line 3519  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
+ Line 4271  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
    iagemin= (int) agemin;
    iagemax= (int) agemax;
    /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
-   prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
+   prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+3+AGEMARGE);
    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
    j1=0;
- Line 3527  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
+ Line 4279  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
    first=1;
-   for(j1=1; j1<= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);j1++){
+   for(j1=1; j1<= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);j1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)
-       for(iage=iagemin; iage <= iagemax+3; iage++)
+       for(iage=iagemin-AGEMARGE; iage <= iagemax+3+AGEMARGE; iage++)
          prop[i][iage]=0.0;
+     printf("Prevalence combination of varying and fixed dummies %d\n",j1);
+     /* fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j1],nbcode[Tvaraff[j1]][codtabm(k,j1)]); */
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Prevalence combination of varying and fixed dummies %d\n",j1);
      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
        bool=1;
-       if  (cptcovn>0) {  /* Filter is here: Must be looked at for model=V1+V2+V3+V4 */
+       /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/\* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*\/ */
-         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)
+       for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){ /* For this wave too look where individual can be counted V4=0 V3=0 */
-           if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)])
+         m=mw[mi][i];
-             bool=0;
+         /* Tmodelind[z1]=k is the position of the varying covariate in the model, but which # within 1 to ntv? */
-       }
+         /* Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]] is the n of Vn; n-ncovcol-nqv is the first time varying covariate or iv */
-       if (bool==1) {
+         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
-         /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/\* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*\/ */
+           if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]==1){
-         for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
+             iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]]-ncovcol-nqv;
-           m=mw[mi][i];
+             if (cotvar[m][iv][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) /* iv=1 to ntv, right modality */
+               bool=0;
+           }else if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]== 0)  /* fixed */
+             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) {
+               bool=0;
+             }
+         }
+         if(bool==1){ /* Otherwise we skip that wave/person */
            agebegin=agev[m][i]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
            /* ageend=agev[m][i]+(dh[m][i])*stepm/YEARM; /\* Age at end of wave and transition *\/ */
            if(m >=firstpass && m <=lastpass){
- Line 3550  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
+ Line 4312  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
-               if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m);
+               if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin-AGEMARGE || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3+AGEMARGE){
+                 printf("Error on individual # %d agev[m][i]=%f <%d-%d or > %d+3+%d  m=%d; either change agemin or agemax or fix data\n",i, agev[m][i],iagemin,AGEMARGE, iagemax,AGEMARGE,m);
+                 exit(1);
+               }
                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) {
                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
                  prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];/* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
- Line 3558  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
+ Line 4323  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
                } /* end valid statuses */
              } /* end selection of dates */
            } /* end selection of waves */
-         } /* end effective waves */
+         } /* end bool */
-       } /* end bool */
+       } /* end wave */
-     }
+     } /* end individual */
      for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
        for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) {
          posprop += prop[jk][i];
- Line 3573  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
+ Line 4338  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
            } else{
              if(first==1){
                first=0;
-               printf("Warning Observed prevalence probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases\nSee others on log file...\n",jk,i,j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
+               printf("Warning Observed prevalence probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases\nSee others in log file...\n",jk,i,j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
              }
            }
          }
        }/* end jk */
      }/* end i */
-     /*} *//* end i1 */
+      /*} *//* end i1 */
    } /* end j1 */
    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
-   free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
+   free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+3+AGEMARGE);
  }  /* End of prevalence */
  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
- Line 3596  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
+ Line 4361  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
-      */
+   */
-   int i, mi, m;
+   int i=0, mi=0, m=0, mli=0;
    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
-   int first, firstwo;
+   int first=0, firstwo=0, firsthree=0, firstfour=0, firstfiv=0;
    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
    double sum=0.;
    first=0;
    firstwo=0;
+   firsthree=0;
+   firstfour=0;
    jmin=100000;
    jmax=-1;
    jmean=0.;
+ /* Treating live states */
    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  /* For simple cases and if state is death */
-     mi=0;
+     mi=0;  /* First valid wave */
+     mli=0; /* Last valid wave */
      m=firstpass;
      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){  /* a live state */
-       if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5)
+       if(m >firstpass && s[m][i]==s[m-1][i] && mint[m][i]==mint[m-1][i] && anint[m][i]==anint[m-1][i]){/* Two succesive identical information on wave m */
+         mli=m-1;/* mw[++mi][i]=m-1; */
+       }else if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){ /* Since 0.98r4 if status=-2 vital status is really unknown, wave should be skipped */
          mw[++mi][i]=m;
-       if(m >=lastpass)
+         mli=m;
+       } /* else might be a useless wave  -1 and mi is not incremented and mw[mi] not updated */
+       if(m < lastpass){ /* m < lastpass, standard case */
+         m++; /* mi gives the "effective" current wave, m the current wave, go to next wave by incrementing m */
+       }
+       else{ /* m >= lastpass, eventual special issue with warning */
+ #ifdef UNKNOWNSTATUSNOTCONTRIBUTING
          break;
-       else
+ #else
-         m++;
+         if(s[m][i]==-1 && (int) andc[i] == 9999 && (int)anint[m][i] != 9999){
+           if(firsthree == 0){
+             printf("Information! Unknown status for individual %ld line=%d occurred at last wave %d at known date %d/%d. Please, check if your unknown date of death %d/%d means a live state %d at wave %d. This case(%d)/wave(%d) contributes to the likelihood as pi. .\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], s[m][i], m, i, m);
+             firsthree=1;
+           }
+           fprintf(ficlog,"Information! Unknown status for individual %ld line=%d occurred at last wave %d at known date %d/%d. Please, check if your unknown date of death %d/%d means a live state %d at wave %d. This case(%d)/wave(%d) contributes to the likelihood as pi. .\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], s[m][i], m, i, m);
+           mw[++mi][i]=m;
+           mli=m;
+         }
+         if(s[m][i]==-2){ /* Vital status is really unknown */
+           nbwarn++;
+           if((int)anint[m][i] == 9999){  /*  Has the vital status really been verified? */
+             printf("Warning! Vital status for individual %ld (line=%d) at last wave %d interviewed at date %d/%d is unknown %d. Please, check if the vital status and the date of death %d/%d are really unknown. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], i, m);
+             fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Vital status for individual %ld (line=%d) at last wave %d interviewed at date %d/%d is unknown %d. Please, check if the vital status and the date of death %d/%d are really unknown. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], i, m);
+           }
+           break;
+         }
+         break;
+ #endif
+       }/* End m >= lastpass */
      }/* end while */
+     /* mi is the last effective wave, m is lastpass, mw[j][i] gives the # of j-th effective wave for individual i */
+     /* After last pass */
+ /* Treating death states */
      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){  /* In a death state */
+       /* if( mint[m][i]==mdc[m][i] && anint[m][i]==andc[m][i]){ /\* same date of death and date of interview *\/ */
+       /* } */
        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
-          /* Only death is a correct wave */
+       /* Only death is a correct wave */
        mw[mi][i]=m;
-     }else if (andc[i] != 9999) { /* A death occured after lastpass */
-       m++;
-       mi++;
-       s[m][i]=nlstate+1;  /* We are setting the status to the last of non live state */
-       mw[mi][i]=m;
-       nbwarn++;
-       if(firstwo==0){
-         printf("Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred after last wave %d. Since 0.98r4 we considered a status %d at wave %d\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,nlstate+1, m);
-         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred after last wave %d. Since 0.98r4 we considered a status %d at wave %d\n",num[i],i,lastpass,nlstate+1, m);
-         firstwo=1;
-       }
-       if(firstwo==1){
-         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred after last wave %d. Since 0.98r4 we considered a status %d at wave %d\n",num[i],i,lastpass,nlstate+1, m);
-       }
      }
-     wav[i]=mi;
+ #ifndef DISPATCHINGKNOWNDEATHAFTERLASTWAVE
+     else if ((int) andc[i] != 9999) { /* Status is negative. A death occured after lastpass, we can't take it into account because of potential bias */
+       /* m++; */
+       /* mi++; */
+       /* s[m][i]=nlstate+1;  /\* We are setting the status to the last of non live state *\/ */
+       /* mw[mi][i]=m; */
+       if ((int)anint[m][i]!= 9999) { /* date of last interview is known */
+         if((andc[i]+moisdc[i]/12.) <=(anint[m][i]+mint[m][i]/12.)){ /* death occured before last wave and status should have been death instead of -1 */
+           nbwarn++;
+           if(firstfiv==0){
+             printf("Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d before last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d and should have been coded as death instead of '%d'. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is contributing to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], i,m );
+             firstfiv=1;
+           }else{
+             fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d before last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d and should have been coded as death instead of '%d'. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is contributing to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], i,m );
+           }
+         }else{ /* Death occured afer last wave potential bias */
+           nberr++;
+           if(firstwo==0){
+             printf("Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d after last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
+             firstwo=1;
+           }
+           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d after last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
+         }
+       }else{ /* end date of interview is known */
+         /* death is known but not confirmed by death status at any wave */
+         if(firstfour==0){
+           printf("Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred %d/%d but not confirmed by any death status for any wave, including last wave %d at unknown date %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
+           firstfour=1;
+         }
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred %d/%d but not confirmed by any death status for any wave, including last wave %d at unknown date %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
+       }
+     } /* end if date of death is known */
+ #endif
+     wav[i]=mi; /* mi should be the last effective wave (or mli) */
+     /* wav[i]=mw[mi][i]; */
      if(mi==0){
        nbwarn++;
        if(first==0){
- Line 3653  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
+ Line 4476  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
      } /* end mi==0 */
    } /* End individuals */
    /* wav and mw are no more changed */
    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
- Line 3689  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
+ Line 4512  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
          else{
            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
  /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
            k=k+1;
            if (j >= jmax) {
              jmax=j;
- Line 3743  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
+ Line 4566  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
    jmean=sum/k;
    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, num[ijmin], jmax, num[ijmax], jmean);
    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %d) Max=%d (%d) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, ijmin, jmax, ijmax, jmean);
-  }
+ }
  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
- void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx, int *Ndum)
+  void tricode(int *cptcov, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx, int *Ndum)
  {
    /**< Uses cptcovn+2*cptcovprod as the number of covariates */
    /*      Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  find 'n' in Vn and stores in Tvar. If model=V2+V1 Tvar[1]=2 and Tvar[2]=1
     * Boring subroutine which should only output nbcode[Tvar[j]][k]
-    * Tvar[5] in V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is 2 (V2)
+    * Tvar[5] in V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is 4 (V4) even it is a time varying or quantitative variable
-    * nbcode[Tvar[j]][1]=
+    * nbcode[Tvar[5]][1]= nbcode[4][1]=0, nbcode[4][2]=1 (usually);
    */
    int ij=1, k=0, j=0, i=0, maxncov=NCOVMAX;
- Line 3761  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, in
+ Line 4584  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, in
    int modmincovj=0; /* Modality min of covariates j */
-   cptcoveff=0;
+   /* cptcoveff=0;  */
+         /* *cptcov=0; */
    for (k=1; k <= maxncov; k++) ncodemax[k]=0; /* Horrible constant again replaced by NCOVMAX */
-   /* Loop on covariates without age and products */
+   /* Loop on covariates without age and products and no quantitative variable */
-   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovs); j++) { /* From model V1 + V2*age+ V3 + V3*V4 keeps V1 + V3 = 2 only */
+   /* for (j=1; j<=(cptcovs); j++) { /\* From model V1 + V2*age+ V3 + V3*V4 keeps V1 + V3 = 2 only *\/ */
-     for (k=-1; k < maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
+   for (k=1; k<=cptcovt; k++) { /* From model V1 + V2*age + V3 + V3*V4 keeps V1 + V3 = 2 only */
-     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Loop on individuals: reads the data file to get the maximum value of the
+     for (j=-1; (j < maxncov); j++) Ndum[j]=0;
-                                modality of this covariate Vj*/
+     if(Dummy[k]==0 && Typevar[k] !=1){ /* Dummy covariate and not age product */
-       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij=0 or 1 or -1. Value of the covariate Tvar[j] for individual i
+       switch(Fixed[k]) {
-                                     * If product of Vn*Vm, still boolean *:
+       case 0: /* Testing on fixed dummy covariate, simple or product of fixed */
-                                     * If it was coded 1, 2, 3, 4 should be splitted into 3 boolean variables
+         for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Loop on individuals: reads the data file to get the maximum value of the  modality of this covariate Vj*/
-                                     * 1 => 0 0 0, 2 => 0 0 1, 3 => 0 1 1, 4=1 0 0   */
+           ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[k]][i]);
-       /* Finds for covariate j, n=Tvar[j] of Vn . ij is the
+           /* ij=0 or 1 or -1. Value of the covariate Tvar[j] for individual i
-                                       modality of the nth covariate of individual i. */
+            * If product of Vn*Vm, still boolean *:
-       if (ij > modmaxcovj)
+            * If it was coded 1, 2, 3, 4 should be splitted into 3 boolean variables
-         modmaxcovj=ij;
+            * 1 => 0 0 0, 2 => 0 0 1, 3 => 0 1 1, 4=1 0 0   */
-       else if (ij < modmincovj)
+           /* Finds for covariate j, n=Tvar[j] of Vn . ij is the
-         modmincovj=ij;
+              modality of the nth covariate of individual i. */
-       if ((ij < -1) && (ij > NCOVMAX)){
+           if (ij > modmaxcovj)
-         printf( "Error: minimal is less than -1 or maximal is bigger than %d. Exiting. \n", NCOVMAX );
+             modmaxcovj=ij;
-         exit(1);
+           else if (ij < modmincovj)
-       }else
+             modmincovj=ij;
-       Ndum[ij]++; /*counts and stores the occurence of this modality 0, 1, -1*/
+           if ((ij < -1) && (ij > NCOVMAX)){
-       /*  If coded 1, 2, 3 , counts the number of 1 Ndum[1], number of 2, Ndum[2], etc */
+             printf( "Error: minimal is less than -1 or maximal is bigger than %d. Exiting. \n", NCOVMAX );
-       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
+             exit(1);
-       /* getting the maximum value of the modality of the covariate
+           }else
-          (should be 0 or 1 now) Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is coded 0 and
+             Ndum[ij]++; /*counts and stores the occurence of this modality 0, 1, -1*/
-          female is 1, then modmaxcovj=1.*/
+           /*  If coded 1, 2, 3 , counts the number of 1 Ndum[1], number of 2, Ndum[2], etc */
-     } /* end for loop on individuals i */
+           /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
-     printf(" Minimal and maximal values of %d th covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", j, Tvar[j], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
+           /* getting the maximum value of the modality of the covariate
-     fprintf(ficlog," Minimal and maximal values of %d th covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", j, Tvar[j], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
+              (should be 0 or 1 now) Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is coded 0 and
-     cptcode=modmaxcovj;
+              female ies 1, then modmaxcovj=1.
-     /* Ndum[0] = frequency of 0 for model-covariate j, Ndum[1] frequency of 1 etc. */
+           */
-    /*for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {*/
+         } /* end for loop on individuals i */
-     for (k=modmincovj;  k<=modmaxcovj; k++) { /* k=-1 ? 0 and 1*//* For each value k of the modality of model-cov j */
+         printf(" Minimal and maximal values of %d th covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", k, Tvar[k], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
-       printf("Frequencies of covariates %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", j, Tvar[j], k, Ndum[k]);
+         fprintf(ficlog," Minimal and maximal values of %d th covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", k, Tvar[k], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
-       fprintf(ficlog, "Frequencies of covariates %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", j, Tvar[j], k, Ndum[k]);
+         cptcode=modmaxcovj;
-       if( Ndum[k] != 0 ){ /* Counts if nobody answered modality k ie empty modality, we skip it and reorder */
+         /* Ndum[0] = frequency of 0 for model-covariate j, Ndum[1] frequency of 1 etc. */
-         if( k != -1){
+         /*for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {*/
-           ncodemax[j]++;  /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the j th
+         for (j=modmincovj;  j<=modmaxcovj; j++) { /* j=-1 ? 0 and 1*//* For each value j of the modality of model-cov k */
-                              covariate for which somebody answered excluding
+           printf("Frequencies of covariates %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", k, Tvar[k], j, Ndum[j]);
-                              undefined. Usually 2: 0 and 1. */
+           fprintf(ficlog, "Frequencies of covariates %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", k, Tvar[k], j, Ndum[j]);
-         }
+           if( Ndum[j] != 0 ){ /* Counts if nobody answered modality j ie empty modality, we skip it and reorder */
-         ncodemaxwundef[j]++; /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the j th
+             if( j != -1){
-                              covariate for which somebody answered including
+               ncodemax[k]++;  /* ncodemax[k]= Number of modalities of the k th
-                              undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
+                                  covariate for which somebody answered excluding
-       }
+                                  undefined. Usually 2: 0 and 1. */
-       /* In fact  ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables only) but it could be more for
+             }
-          historical reasons: 3 if coded 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Ndum[2]=0 */
+             ncodemaxwundef[k]++; /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the k th
-     } /* Ndum[-1] number of undefined modalities */
+                                     covariate for which somebody answered including
+                                     undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
-     /* j is a covariate, n=Tvar[j] of Vn; Fills nbcode */
+           }
-     /* For covariate j, modalities could be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
+           /* In fact  ncodemax[k]=2 (dichotom. variables only) but it could be more for
-        If Ndum[1]=0, Ndum[2]=0, Ndum[3]= 635, Ndum[4]=0, Ndum[5]=0, Ndum[6]=27, Ndum[7]=125;
+            * historical reasons: 3 if coded 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Ndum[2]=0 */
-        modmincovj=3; modmaxcovj = 7;
+         } /* Ndum[-1] number of undefined modalities */
-        There are only 3 modalities non empty 3, 6, 7 (or 2 if 27 is too few) : ncodemax[j]=3;
-        which will be coded 0, 1, 2 which in binary on 2=3-1 digits are 0=00 1=01, 2=10;
+         /* j is a covariate, n=Tvar[j] of Vn; Fills nbcode */
-        defining two dummy variables: variables V1_1 and V1_2.
+         /* For covariate j, modalities could be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
-        nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;
+            If Ndum[1]=0, Ndum[2]=0, Ndum[3]= 635, Ndum[4]=0, Ndum[5]=0, Ndum[6]=27, Ndum[7]=125;
-        nbcode[Tvar[j]][1]=0;
+            modmincovj=3; modmaxcovj = 7;
-        nbcode[Tvar[j]][2]=1;
+            There are only 3 modalities non empty 3, 6, 7 (or 2 if 27 is too few) : ncodemax[j]=3;
-        nbcode[Tvar[j]][3]=2;
+            which will be coded 0, 1, 2 which in binary on 2=3-1 digits are 0=00 1=01, 2=10;
-        To be continued (not working yet).
+            defining two dummy variables: variables V1_1 and V1_2.
-     */
+            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;
-     ij=0; /* ij is similar to i but can jump over null modalities */
+            nbcode[Tvar[j]][1]=0;
-     for (i=modmincovj; i<=modmaxcovj; i++) { /* i= 1 to 2 for dichotomous, or from 1 to 3 or from -1 or 0 to 1 currently*/
+            nbcode[Tvar[j]][2]=1;
-         if (Ndum[i] == 0) { /* If nobody responded to this modality k */
+            nbcode[Tvar[j]][3]=2;
-           break;
+            To be continued (not working yet).
+         */
+         ij=0; /* ij is similar to i but can jump over null modalities */
+         for (i=modmincovj; i<=modmaxcovj; i++) { /* i= 1 to 2 for dichotomous, or from 1 to 3 or from -1 or 0 to 1 currently*/
+           if (Ndum[i] == 0) { /* If nobody responded to this modality k */
+             break;
+           }
+           ij++;
+           nbcode[Tvar[k]][ij]=i;  /* stores the original value of modality i in an array nbcode, ij modality from 1 to last non-nul modality. nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1*/
+           cptcode = ij; /* New max modality for covar j */
+         } /* end of loop on modality i=-1 to 1 or more */
+         break;
+       case 1: /* Testing on varying covariate, could be simple and
+                * should look at waves or product of fixed *
+                * varying. No time to test -1, assuming 0 and 1 only */
+         ij=0;
+         for(i=0; i<=1;i++){
+           nbcode[Tvar[k]][++ij]=i;
          }
-         ij++;
+         break;
-         nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=i;  /* stores the original value of modality i in an array nbcode, ij modality from 1 to last non-nul modality.*/
+       default:
-         cptcode = ij; /* New max modality for covar j */
+         break;
-     } /* end of loop on modality i=-1 to 1 or more */
+       } /* end switch */
+     } /* end dummy test */
      /*   for (k=0; k<= cptcode; k++) { /\* k=-1 ? k=0 to 1 *\//\* Could be 1 to 4 *\//\* cptcode=modmaxcovj *\/ */
      /*  /\*recode from 0 *\/ */
      /*                               k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex  */
- Line 3851  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, in
+ Line 4693  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, in
      /*   }  /\* end of loop on modality k *\/ */
    } /* end of loop on model-covariate j. nbcode[Tvarj][1]=0 and nbcode[Tvarj][2]=1 sets the value of covariate j*/
-  for (k=-1; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
+   for (k=-1; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
+   /* Look at fixed dummy (single or product) covariates to check empty modalities */
    for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2-nagesqr; i++) { /* -2, cste and age and eventually age*age */
-    /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
+     /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
-    ij=Tvar[i]; /* Tvar might be -1 if status was unknown */
+     ij=Tvar[i]; /* Tvar 5,4,3,6,5,7,1,4 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V4*age */
-    Ndum[ij]++; /* Might be supersed V1 + V1*age */
+     Ndum[ij]++; /* Count the # of 1, 2 etc: {1,1,1,2,2,1,1} because V1 once, V2 once, two V4 and V5 in above */
-  }
+     /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1,  {2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0} */
+   } /* V4+V3+V5, Ndum[1]@5={0, 0, 1, 1, 1} */
-  ij=0;
-  for (i=0; i<=  maxncov-1; i++) { /* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) */
+   ij=0;
-    /*printf("Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
+   /* for (i=0; i<=  maxncov-1; i++) { /\* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) *\/ */
-    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
+   for (k=1; k<=  cptcovt; k++) { /* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) */
-      ij++;
+     /*printf("Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
-      /*printf("diff Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
+     /* if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){  /\* Tvar[i] <= ncovmodel ? *\/ */
-      Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing (unclear) */
+     if(Ndum[Tvar[k]]!=0 && Dummy[k] == 0 && Typevar[k]==0){  /* Only Dummy and non empty in the model */
-    }else{
+       /* If product not in single variable we don't print results */
-        /* Tvaraff[ij]=0; */
+       /*printf("diff Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
-    }
+       ++ij;
-  }
+       Tvaraff[ij]=Tvar[k]; /*For printing */
-  /* ij--; */
+       Tmodelind[ij]=k;
-  cptcoveff=ij; /*Number of total covariates*/
+       if(Fixed[k]!=0)
+         anyvaryingduminmodel=1;
+     /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv)){ */
+     /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=-10; /\* Dont'n know how to treat quantitative variables yet *\/ */
+     /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv+ntv)){ */
+     /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=i; /\*For printing (unclear) *\/ */
+     /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv)){ */
+     /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=-20; /\* Dont'n know how to treat quantitative variables yet *\/ */
+     }
+   } /* Tvaraff[1]@5 {3, 4, -20, 0, 0} Very strange */
+   /* ij--; */
+   /* cptcoveff=ij; /\*Number of total covariates*\/ */
+   *cptcov=ij; /*Number of total real effective covariates: effective
+                * because they can be excluded from the model and real
+                * if in the model but excluded because missing values, but how to get k from ij?*/
+   for(j=ij+1; j<= cptcovt; j++){
+     Tvaraff[j]=0;
+     Tmodelind[j]=0;
+   }
+   /* To be sorted */
+   ;
  }
- Line 3990  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
+ Line 4851  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
  {
    /* Covariances of health expectancies eij and of total life expectancies according
-    to initial status i, ei. .
+      to initial status i, ei. .
    */
    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2, ij, ji;
    int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
- Line 4084  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
+ Line 4945  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */
      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
      nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
      /* If stepm=6 months */
      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
         in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
      /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
      /* Gradient is computed with plus gp and minus gm. Code is duplicated in order to
         decrease memory allocation */
- Line 4101  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
+ Line 4962  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
        }
        hpxij(p3matp,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij);
        hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xm,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij);
        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
- Line 4110  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
+ Line 4971  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
            }
          }
        }
        for(ij=1; ij<= nlstate*nlstate; ij++)
          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
            gradg[h][theta][ij]= (gp[h][ij]-gm[h][ij])/2./delti[theta];
- Line 4123  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
+ Line 4984  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
-      for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
+     for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
        for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
          varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] =0.;
-      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
+     printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
-      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
-      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
+     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
- Line 4139  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
+ Line 5000  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
              varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] += doldm[ij][ji]*hf*hf;
        }
      }
      /* Computing expectancies */
      hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij);
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
            /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
          }
      fprintf(ficresstdeij,"%3.0f",age );
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
        eip=0.;
- Line 4164  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
+ Line 5025  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
        fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eip, sqrt(vip));
      }
      fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
      fprintf(ficrescveij,"%3.0f",age );
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
- Line 4177  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
+ Line 5038  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
            }
        }
      fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
    }
    free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
    free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
- Line 4187  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
+ Line 5048  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
    free_ma3x(p3matp,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
    printf("\n");
    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
    free_vector(xm,1,npar);
    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
  }
  /************ Variance ******************/
   void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[])
- {
+  {
-   /* Variance of health expectancies */
+    /* Variance of health expectancies */
-   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
+    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
-   /* double **newm;*/
+    /* double **newm;*/
-   /* int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav)*/
+    /* int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav)*/
+    /* int movingaverage(); */
+    double **dnewm,**doldm;
+    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
+    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
+    int k;
+    double *xp;
+    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
+    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
+    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
+    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
+    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
+    double ***p3mat;
+    double age,agelim, hf;
+    /* double ***mobaverage; */
+    int theta;
+    char digit[4];
+    char digitp[25];
+    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
+    if(popbased==1){
+      if(mobilav!=0)
+        strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-MOBILAV_");
+      else strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-NOMOBIL_");
+    }
+    else
+      strcpy(digitp,"-STABLBASED_");
+    /* if (mobilav!=0) { */
+    /*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
+    /*   if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ */
+    /*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); */
+    /*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); */
+    /*   } */
+    /* } */
+    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"PRMORPREV-");
+    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
+    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
+    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
+    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
+    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileresu);
+    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
+      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
+      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
+    }
+    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
+    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
+    pstamp(ficresprobmorprev);
+    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
+    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
+    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
+      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
+      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
+    }
+    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
+    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
+    fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title \n");
+    /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
+    /*   } */
+    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+    pstamp(ficresvij);
+    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
+    if(popbased==1)
+      fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+    else
+      fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
+    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
+    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
+        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e.%1d, e.%1d)",i,j);
+    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
+    xp=vector(1,npar);
+    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
+    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
+    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
+    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
-   int movingaverage();
+    if(estepm < stepm){
-   double **dnewm,**doldm;
+      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
-   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
+    }
-   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
+    else  hstepm=estepm;
-   int k;
+    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
-   double *xp;
+    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.
-   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
+       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim
-   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
+       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelim.
-   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
+       Look at function hpijx to understand why because of memory size limitations,
-   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
+       we decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
-   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
+       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
-   double ***p3mat;
+       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
-   double age,agelim, hf;
+       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same
-   double ***mobaverage;
+       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
-   int theta;
+    */
-   char digit[4];
+    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */
-   char digitp[25];
+    agelim = AGESUP;
+    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
+      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */
+      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
+      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
+      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
+      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
+      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
+        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
+          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
+        }
+        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij);
+        if (popbased==1) {
+          if(mobilav ==0){
+            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
+          }else{ /* mobilav */
+            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
+          }
+        }
+        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  /* Returns p3mat[i][j][h] for h=1 to nhstepm */
+        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
+          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
+              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
+          }
+        }
+        /* Next for computing probability of death (h=1 means
+           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months)
+           as a weighted average of prlim.
+        */
+        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
+            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
+        }
+        /* end probability of death */
+        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
+          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
+        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp, ij);
+        if (popbased==1) {
+          if(mobilav ==0){
+            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
+          }else{ /* mobilav */
+            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
+          }
+        }
+        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);
+        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  /* Sum of wi * eij = e.j */
+          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
+              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
+          }
+        }
+        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
+           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months)
+           as a weighted average of prlim.
+        */
+        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
+            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
+        }
+        /* end probability of death */
+        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
+          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
+          }
+        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
+          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
+        }
+      } /* End theta */
+      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
+      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
+        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
+          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
+            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
+      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
+        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
+          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
+      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
+      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
+        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
+          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
+      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
+        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
+          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
+          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
+          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
+            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
+              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
+        }
+      }
+      /* pptj */
+      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
+      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
+      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
+        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
+          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
+      /* end ppptj */
+      /*  x centered again */
+      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij);
+      if (popbased==1) {
+        if(mobilav ==0){
+          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
+        }else{ /* mobilav */
+          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
+        }
+      }
+      /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
+         computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months)
+         as a weighted average of prlim.
+      */
+      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);
+      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+        for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++)
+          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
+      }
+      /* end probability of death */
+      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
+      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
+        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
+        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
+        }
+      }
+      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
+      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
+      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
+          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
+        }
+      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
+      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
+      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
+      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
+      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
+      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+    } /* End age */
+    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
+    /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter png small size 320, 240"); */
+    fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter svg size 640, 480");
+    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
+    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
+    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
+    /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
+    /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
+    /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
+    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l lt 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
+    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95%% interval\" w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
+    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
+    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
+     */
+    /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.svg\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
+    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";replot;set out;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
-   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
+    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
+    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
+    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
+    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
+    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+    /* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
+    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
+    fflush(ficgp);
+    fflush(fichtm);
+  }  /* end varevsij */
-   if(popbased==1){
+ /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
-     if(mobilav!=0)
+  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, char strstart[])
-       strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-MOBILAV_");
+ {
-     else strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-NOMOBIL_");
+   /* Variance of prevalence limit  for each state ij using current parameters x[] and estimates of neighbourhood give by delti*/
-   }
+   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
-   else
-     strcpy(digitp,"-STABLBASED_");
-   if (mobilav!=0) {
-     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
-     if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
-       fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
-       printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
-     }
-   }
-   strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"PRMORPREV-");
-   sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
-   /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
-   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
-   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
-   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileresu);
-   if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
-     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
-     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
-   }
-   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
-   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
-   pstamp(ficresprobmorprev);
-   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
-   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
-   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
-     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
-     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
-   }
-   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title \n");
- /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
-   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
-   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
- /*   } */
-   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   pstamp(ficresvij);
-   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
-   if(popbased==1)
-     fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
-   else
-     fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
-   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
-   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
-       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e.%1d, e.%1d)",i,j);
-   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
-   xp=vector(1,npar);
-   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
-   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
-   dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
-   doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
-   if(estepm < stepm){
-     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
-   }
-   else  hstepm=estepm;
-   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
-   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.
-      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim
-      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelim.
-      Look at function hpijx to understand why because of memory size limitations,
-      we decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
-      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
-      means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
-      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same
-      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
-   */
-   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */
-   agelim = AGESUP;
-   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
-     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */
-     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
-     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
-     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
-     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
-     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
-     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
-       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
-         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
-       }
-       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij);
-       if (popbased==1) {
-         if(mobilav ==0){
-           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
-         }else{ /* mobilav */
-           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
-         }
-       }
-       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  /* Returns p3mat[i][j][h] for h=1 to nhstepm */
-       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
-         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
-           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
-             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
-         }
-       }
-       /* Next for computing probability of death (h=1 means
-          computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months)
-          as a weighted average of prlim.
-       */
-       for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
-         for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
-           gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
-       }
-       /* end probability of death */
-       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
-         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
-       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp, ij);
-       if (popbased==1) {
-         if(mobilav ==0){
-           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
-         }else{ /* mobilav */
-           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
-         }
-       }
-       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);
-       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  /* Sum of wi * eij = e.j */
-         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
-           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
-             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
-         }
-       }
-       /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
-          computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months)
-          as a weighted average of prlim.
-       */
-       for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
-         for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
-          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
-       }
-       /* end probability of death */
-       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
-         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
-           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
-         }
-       for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
-         gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
-       }
-     } /* End theta */
-     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
-     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
-       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
-         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
-           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
-     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
-       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
-         trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
-     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
-     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
-       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
-         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
-     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
-       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
-         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
-         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
-         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
-           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
-             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
-       }
-     }
-     /* pptj */
-     matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
-     matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
-     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
-       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
-         varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
-     /* end ppptj */
-     /*  x centered again */
-     prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij);
-     if (popbased==1) {
-       if(mobilav ==0){
-         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
-       }else{ /* mobilav */
-         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-           prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
-       }
-     }
-     /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
-        computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months)
-        as a weighted average of prlim.
-     */
-     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);
-     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
-       for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++)
-         gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
-     }
-     /* end probability of death */
-     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
-     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
-       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
-       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
-         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
-       }
-     }
-     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
-     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
-     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
-         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
-       }
-     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
-     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
-     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
-     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
-     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
-     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
-   } /* End age */
-   free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
-   /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter png small size 320, 240"); */
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter svg size 640, 480");
-   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
- /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
- /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
- /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l lt 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95%% interval\" w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
-   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
-   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
-   /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
- */
- /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.svg\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";replot;set out;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
-   free_vector(xp,1,npar);
-   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
-   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
-   free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
-   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
-   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
-   fflush(ficgp);
-   fflush(fichtm);
- }  /* end varevsij */
- /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
-  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, char strstart[])
- {
-   /* Variance of prevalence limit  for each state ij using current parameters x[] and estimates of neighbourhood give by delti*/
-   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
    double **dnewm,**doldm;
    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
- Line 4631  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
+ Line 5492  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[],
  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
- {
+  {
-   int i, j=0,  k1, l1, tj;
+    int i, j=0,  k1, l1, tj;
-   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
+    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
-   int k=0, l;
+    int k=0, l;
-   int first=1, first1, first2;
+    int first=1, first1, first2;
-   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
+    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
-   double **dnewm,**doldm;
+    double **dnewm,**doldm;
-   double *xp;
+    double *xp;
-   double *gp, *gm;
+    double *gp, *gm;
-   double **gradg, **trgradg;
+    double **gradg, **trgradg;
-   double **mu;
+    double **mu;
-   double age, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
+    double age, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
-   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
+    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
-   int theta;
+    int theta;
-   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
+    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
-   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
+    char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
-   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
+    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
-   double ***varpij;
+    double ***varpij;
-   strcpy(fileresprob,"PROB_");
+    strcpy(fileresprob,"PROB_");
-   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
+    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
-   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
+    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
-     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
+      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
-     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
+      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
-   }
+    }
-   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"PROBCOV_");
+    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"PROBCOV_");
-   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileresu);
+    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileresu);
-   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
+    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
-     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
+      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
-     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
+      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
-   }
+    }
-   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"PROBCOR_");
+    strcpy(fileresprobcor,"PROBCOR_");
-   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileresu);
+    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileresu);
-   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
+    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
-     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
+      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
-     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
+      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
-   }
+    }
-   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
+    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
-   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
+    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
-   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
+    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
-   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
+    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
-   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
+    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
-   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
+    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
-   pstamp(ficresprob);
+    pstamp(ficresprob);
-   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
+    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
-   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
+    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
-   pstamp(ficresprobcov);
+    pstamp(ficresprobcov);
-   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
+    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
-   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
+    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
-   pstamp(ficresprobcor);
+    pstamp(ficresprobcor);
-   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
+    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
-   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"# Age");
+    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"# Age");
-   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
+      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
-       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
+        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
-       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
+        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
-       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
+        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
-     }
+      }
-  /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
+    /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
-   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
+       fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
-   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
+       fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
-  */
+    */
-   xp=vector(1,npar);
+    xp=vector(1,npar);
-   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
+    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
-   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
-   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
+    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
-   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
+    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
-   first=1;
+    first=1;
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
+    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
-   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
-   fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
-   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4> this page is important in order to visualize confidence intervals and especially correlation between disability and recovery, or more generally, way in and way back.</li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4> this page is important in order to visualize confidence intervals and especially correlation between disability and recovery, or more generally, way in and way back.</li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
-   fprintf(fichtmcov,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n",optionfilehtmcov, optionfilehtmcov);
+    fprintf(fichtmcov,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n",optionfilehtmcov, optionfilehtmcov);
-   fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated \
+    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated \
  and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
   They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
-   fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
+    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
  It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
  would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
  standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
- Line 4718  standard deviations wide on each axis. <
+ Line 5579  standard deviations wide on each axis. <
   and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
  To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
-   cov[1]=1;
+    cov[1]=1;
-   /* tj=cptcoveff; */
+    /* tj=cptcoveff; */
-   tj = (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);
+    tj = (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);
-   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
+    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
-   j1=0;
+    j1=0;
-   for(j1=1; j1<=tj;j1++){
+    for(j1=1; j1<=tj;j1++){  /* For each valid combination of covariates or only once*/
-     /*for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ */
+      if  (cptcovn>0) {
-     /*j1++;*/
+        fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");
-       if  (cptcovn>0) {
+        for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");
+        fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
-         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
+        fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");
-         fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
+        for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");
+        fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
-         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
+        fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");
+        for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");
+        fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
-         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
+        fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");
+        for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");
+        fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
-         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
+        fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");
+        for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
-         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");
+        fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");
-         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
+        if(invalidvarcomb[j1]){
-         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");
+          fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",j1);
-       }
+          fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h3>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h3>\n",j1);
+          continue;
-       gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+        }
-       trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
+      }
-       gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
-       gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+      trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
-       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){
+      gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
-         cov[2]=age;
+      gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
-         if(nagesqr==1)
+      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){
-           cov[3]= age*age;
+        cov[2]=age;
-         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
+        if(nagesqr==1)
-           cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,k)];
+          cov[3]= age*age;
-           /*cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,Tvar[k])];*//* j1 1 2 3 4
+        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
-                                                          * 1  1 1 1 1
+          cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,k)];
-                                                          * 2  2 1 1 1
+          /*cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,Tvar[k])];*//* j1 1 2 3 4
-                                                          * 3  1 2 1 1
+                                                                     * 1  1 1 1 1
-                                                          */
+                                                                     * 2  2 1 1 1
-           /* nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1;*/
+                                                                     * 3  1 2 1 1
-         }
+                                                                     */
-         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
+          /* nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1;*/
-         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
+        }
-         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
+        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
-           cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
+        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
+        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
+          cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
-         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
-           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
-             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
+        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
+          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
-           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
+            xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
-           k=0;
+          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
-           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
-             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
+          k=0;
-               k=k+1;
+          for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
-               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
+            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
-             }
+              k=k+1;
-           }
+              gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
+            }
-           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
+          }
-             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
+          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
-           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
+            xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
-           k=0;
-           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
+          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
-             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
+          k=0;
-               k=k+1;
+          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
-               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
+            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
-             }
+              k=k+1;
-           }
+              gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
+            }
-           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)
+          }
-             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];
-         }
+          for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)
+            gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];
-         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
+        }
-           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
-             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
-         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
-         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
-         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
-         k=0;
-         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
-           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
-             k=k+1;
-             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
-           }
-         }
-         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
-           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
-             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
-         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
-           for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
-           printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
-           fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
-           }*/
-         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
-         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
-         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
-         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
-           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
-         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
-           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
-           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
-         }
-         i=0;
-         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
-           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){
-             i++;
-             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
-             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
-             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
-               /* printf(" k=%d l=%d i=%d j=%d\n",k,l,i,j);fflush(stdout); */
-               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
-               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
-             }
-           }
-         }/* end of loop for state */
-       } /* end of loop for age */
-       free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
-       free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
-       free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
-       free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
-       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
-       /*
-         fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label");
-         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
-         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
-         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
-         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
-         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
-         fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
-       */
-       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
-       first1=1;first2=2;
-       for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
-         for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){
-           if(l2==k2) continue;
-           j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
-           for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
-             for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){
-               if(l1==k1) continue;
-               i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
-               if(i<=j) continue;
-               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){
-                 if ((int)age %5==0){
-                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
-                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
-                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
-                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
-                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
-                   c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
-                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
-                   lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
-                   lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
-                   if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
-                     if(first2==1){
-                       first1=0;
-                     printf("Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS. See log file for details...\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);
-                     }
-                     fprintf(ficlog,"Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS.\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);fflush(ficlog);
-                     /* lc1=fabs(lc1); */ /* If we want to have them positive */
-                     /* lc2=fabs(lc2); */
-                   }
-                   /* Eigen vectors */
+        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
-                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
+          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
-                   /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
+            trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
-                   v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
-                   v12=-v21;
+        matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
-                   v22=v11;
+        matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
-                   tnalp=v21/v11;
-                   if(first1==1){
+        pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
-                     first1=0;
-                     printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
+        k=0;
-                   }
+        for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
-                   fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
+          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
-                   /*printf(fignu*/
+            k=k+1;
-                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
+            mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
-                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
+          }
-                   if(first==1){
+        }
-                     first=0;
+        for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Ellipsoids of confidence\n#\n");
+          for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
+            varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480");
+        /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
-                     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
+          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
-  :<a href=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\">\
+          printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
+          fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
+          }*/
+        fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
+        fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
+        fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
+        for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
+          fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
+        for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
+          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
+          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
+        }
+        i=0;
+        for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
+          for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){
+            i++;
+            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
+            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
+            for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
+              /* printf(" k=%d l=%d i=%d j=%d\n",k,l,i,j);fflush(stdout); */
+              fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
+              fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
+            }
+          }
+        }/* end of loop for state */
+      } /* end of loop for age */
+      free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+      free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+      free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
+      free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
+      /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
+      /*
+        fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label");
+        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
+        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
+        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
+        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
+        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
+        fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
+      */
+      /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
+      first1=1;first2=2;
+      for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
+        for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){
+          if(l2==k2) continue;
+          j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
+          for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
+            for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){
+              if(l1==k1) continue;
+              i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
+              if(i<=j) continue;
+              for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){
+                if ((int)age %5==0){
+                  v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
+                  v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
+                  cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
+                  mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
+                  mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
+                  c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
+                  /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
+                  lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
+                  lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
+                  if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
+                    if(first2==1){
+                      first1=0;
+                      printf("Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS. See log file for details...\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);
+                    }
+                    fprintf(ficlog,"Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS.\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);fflush(ficlog);
+                    /* lc1=fabs(lc1); */ /* If we want to have them positive */
+                    /* lc2=fabs(lc2); */
+                  }
+                  /* Eigen vectors */
+                  v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
+                  /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
+                  v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
+                  v12=-v21;
+                  v22=v11;
+                  tnalp=v21/v11;
+                  if(first1==1){
+                    first1=0;
+                    printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
+                  }
+                  fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
+                  /*printf(fignu*/
+                  /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
+                  /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
+                  if(first==1){
+                    first=0;
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Ellipsoids of confidence\n#\n");
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480");
+                    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
+  :<a href=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\">                                                                                                                                           \
  %s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
-                             subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,\
+                            subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,      \
-                             subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                            subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
-                     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
-                     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
+                    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",      \
-                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
+                            mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),                                                                         \
-                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
+                            mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
-                   }else{
+                  }else{
-                     first=0;
+                    first=0;
-                     fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
+                    fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
-                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not", \
-                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
+                            mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),                                 \
-                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
+                            mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
-                   }/* if first */
+                  }/* if first */
-                 } /* age mod 5 */
+                } /* age mod 5 */
-               } /* end loop age */
+              } /* end loop age */
-               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\";replot;set out;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
+              fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\";replot;set out;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
-               first=1;
+              first=1;
-             } /*l12 */
+            } /*l12 */
-           } /* k12 */
+          } /* k12 */
-         } /*l1 */
+        } /*l1 */
-       }/* k1 */
+      }/* k1 */
-       /* } */ /* loop covariates */
+    }  /* loop on combination of covariates j1 */
-   }
+    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
-   free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
+    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
-   free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
+    free_matrix(doldm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
-   free_matrix(doldm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+    free_matrix(dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
-   free_matrix(dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
+    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
-   free_vector(xp,1,npar);
+    fclose(ficresprob);
-   fclose(ficresprob);
+    fclose(ficresprobcov);
-   fclose(ficresprobcov);
+    fclose(ficresprobcor);
-   fclose(ficresprobcor);
+    fflush(ficgp);
-   fflush(ficgp);
+    fflush(fichtmcov);
-   fflush(fichtmcov);
+  }
- }
  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
  void printinghtml(char fileresu[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
-                   int popforecast, int prevfcast, int estepm ,          \
+                   int popforecast, int prevfcast, int backcast, int estepm , \
                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, double dateprev1, \
                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2, double dateprev2){
    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
- Line 4987  void printinghtml(char fileresu[], char
+ Line 5849  void printinghtml(char fileresu[], char
   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
             stepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
     fprintf(fichtm,"\
+  - Estimated back transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
+            stepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"));
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   - Period (stable) prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
             subdirf2(fileresu,"PL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PL_"));
     fprintf(fichtm,"\
+  - Period (stable) back prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
+            subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"));
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   - (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age, e<sub>i.</sub> (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age, e<sub>ij</sub> . If one or more covariates are included, specific tables for each value of the covariate are output in sequences within the same file (estepm=%2d months): \
     <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
             estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"));
- Line 4999  void printinghtml(char fileresu[], char
+ Line 5867  void printinghtml(char fileresu[], char
     <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>", subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"));
     }
- fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
+    fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
-  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
+    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
-  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
+    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
-  jj1=0;
+    jj1=0;
-  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
+    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
-    /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
+      /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
       jj1++;
       if (cptcovn > 0) {
         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
- Line 5015  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b>
+ Line 5884  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b>
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]);fflush(stdout);
         }
         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
+        if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
+          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h3>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h3>\n",k1);
+          printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1);
+          continue;
+        }
       }
       /* aij, bij */
       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Logit model (yours is: 1+age+%s), for example: logit(pij)=log(pij/pii)= aij+ bij age + V1 age + etc. as a function of age: <a href=\"%s_%d-1.svg\">%s_%d-1.svg</a><br> \
- Line 5024  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b>
+ Line 5898  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b>
  <img src=\"%s_%d-2.svg\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1);
       /* Quasi-incidences */
       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- I<sub>ij</sub> or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
-  before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too,\
+  before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too, \
   incidence (rates) are the limit when h tends to zero of the ratio of the probability  <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub> \
  divided by h: <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub>/h : <a href=\"%s_%d-3.svg\">%s_%d-3.svg</a><br> \
  <img src=\"%s_%d-3.svg\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1);
- Line 5036  divided by h: <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub>
+ Line 5910  divided by h: <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub>
       /* State specific survival functions (period) */
       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Survival functions from state %d in each live state and total.\
-  Or probability to survive in various states (1 to %d) being in state %d at different ages.\
+  Or probability to survive in various states (1 to %d) being in state %d at different ages.     \
   <a href=\"%s%d_%d.svg\">%s%d_%d.svg</a><br> <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, nlstate, cpt, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,jj1);
       }
       /* Period (stable) prevalence in each health state */
       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
-        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to period (stable) prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s%d_%d.svg\">%s%d_%d.svg</a><br> \
+        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to period (stable) prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
  <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,jj1);
       }
-     if(prevfcast==1){
+      if(backcast==1){
-       /* Projection of prevalence up to period (stable) prevalence in each health state */
+        /* Period (stable) back prevalence in each health state */
-       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
+        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
-         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Projection of cross-sectional prevalence (estimated with cases observed from %.1f to %.1f) up to period (stable) prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s%d_%d.svg\">%s%d_%d.svg</a><br> \
+          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to period (stable) back prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
+ <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,jj1);
+        }
+      }
+      if(prevfcast==1){
+        /* Projection of prevalence up to period (stable) prevalence in each health state */
+        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
+          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Projection of cross-sectional prevalence (estimated with cases observed from %.1f to %.1f) up to period (stable) prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s%d_%d.svg\">%s%d_%d.svg</a><br> \
  <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">", dateprev1, dateprev2, cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,jj1);
-       }
+        }
-     }
+      }
       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Life expectancy by health state (%d) at initial age and its decomposition into health expectancies in each alive state (1 to %d) (or area under each survival functions): <a href=\"%s_%d%d.svg\">%s_%d%d.svg</a> <br> \
  <img src=\"%s_%d%d.svg\">",cpt,nlstate,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,jj1);
       }
-    /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
+      /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
-  }/* End k1 */
+    }/* End k1 */
-  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
+    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
-  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
  \n<br><li><h4> <a name='secondorder'>Result files (second order: variances)</a></h4>\n\
   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br> \
   - 95%% confidence intervals and Wald tests of the estimated parameters are in the log file if optimization has been done (mle != 0).<br> \
- Line 5072  variances but at the covariance matrix.
+ Line 5953  variances but at the covariance matrix.
  covariance matrix of the one-step probabilities. \
  See page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' below. \n", rfileres,rfileres);
-  fprintf(fichtm," - Standard deviation of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
+    fprintf(fichtm," - Standard deviation of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
-          subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"));
+            subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"));
-  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
-          subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"));
+            subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"));
-  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
-          subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"));
+            subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"));
-  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age and <b>initial health status</b> (cov(e<sup>ij</sup>,e<sup>kl</sup>)(estepm=%2d months): \
     <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
             estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"CVE_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"CVE_"));
-  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   - (a) Health expectancies by health status at initial age (e<sup>ij</sup>) and standard errors (in parentheses) (b) life expectancies and standard errors (e<sup>i.</sup>=e<sup>i1</sup>+e<sup>i2</sup>+...)(estepm=%2d months): \
     <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
             estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"STDE_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"STDE_"));
-  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age. Status (i) based health expectancies (in state j), e<sup>ij</sup> are weighted by the period prevalences in each state i (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
-          estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"));
+            estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"));
-  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   - Total life expectancy and total health expectancies to be spent in each health state e<sup>.j</sup> with their standard errors (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
-          estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"));
+            estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"));
-  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
   - Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
-          subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"));
+            subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"));
  /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
  /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
- Line 5105  See page 'Matrix of variance-covariance
+ Line 5986  See page 'Matrix of variance-covariance
  /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
  /*  else  */
  /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
-  fflush(fichtm);
+    fflush(fichtm);
-  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
+    fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
-  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
+    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
-  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
+    if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
-  jj1=0;
+    jj1=0;
-  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
+    for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
-    /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
+      /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
       jj1++;
       if (cptcovn > 0) {
         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
-        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)
+        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)  /**< cptcoveff number of variables */
           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]);
         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
+        if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
+          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h4>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h4>\n",k1);
+          continue;
+        }
       }
       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
-        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
+        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
- prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): <a href=\"%s_%d%d.svg\"> %s_%d-%d.svg <br>\
+ prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): <a href=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\"> %s_%d-%d.svg</a>\n <br>\
  <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,jj1);
       }
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
  health expectancies in states (1) and (2). If popbased=1 the smooth (due to the model) \
  true period expectancies (those weighted with period prevalences are also\
   drawn in addition to the population based expectancies computed using\
-  observed and cahotic prevalences:  <a href=\"%s_%d.svg\">%s_%d.svg<br>\
+  observed and cahotic prevalences:  <a href=\"%s_%d.svg\">%s_%d.svg</a>\n<br>\
  <img src=\"%s_%d.svg\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),jj1);
-    /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
+      /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
-  }/* End k1 */
+    }/* End k1 */
-  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
+    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
-  fflush(fichtm);
+    fflush(fichtm);
  }
  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
-     void printinggnuplot(char fileresu[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , int prevfcast, char pathc[], double p[]){
+ void printinggnuplot(char fileresu[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , int prevfcast, int backcast, char pathc[], double p[]){
    char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
+   char gplotcondition[132];
    int cpt=0,k1=0,i=0,k=0,j=0,jk=0,k2=0,k3=0,ij=0,l=0;
    int lv=0, vlv=0, kl=0;
    int ng=0;
    int vpopbased;
+   int ioffset; /* variable offset for columns */
  /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
  /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
- Line 5153  true period expectancies (those weighted
+ Line 6042  true period expectancies (those weighted
    /*#ifdef windows */
    fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
-     /*#endif */
+   /*#endif */
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    /* Contribution to likelihood */
    /* Plot the probability implied in the likelihood */
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Contributions to the Likelihood, mle >=1. For mle=4 no interpolation, pure matrix products.\n#\n");
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Contributions to the Likelihood, mle >=1. For mle=4 no interpolation, pure matrix products.\n#\n");
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Likelihood (-2Log(L))\";");
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Likelihood (-2Log(L))\";");
-     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480"); */ /* Too big for svg */
+   /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480"); */ /* Too big for svg */
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter pngcairo size 640, 480");
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter pngcairo size 640, 480");
  /* nice for mle=4 plot by number of matrix products.
     replot  "rrtest1/toto.txt" u 2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with point lc 1 */
  /* replot exp(p1+p2*x)/(1+exp(p1+p2*x)+exp(p3+p4*x)+exp(p5+p6*x)) t "p12(x)"  */
-     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
+   /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-dest.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-dest.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):6 t \"All sample, transitions colored by destination\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):6 t \"All sample, transitions colored by destination\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-ori.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-ori.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):5 t \"All sample, transitions colored by origin\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):5 t \"All sample, transitions colored by origin\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
-     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
+   for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
-       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-p%dj.png\";set ylabel \"Probability for each individual/wave\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),i);
+     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-p%dj.png\";set ylabel \"Probability for each individual/wave\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),i);
-       fprintf(ficgp,"unset log;\n# plot weighted, mean weight should have point size of 0.5\n plot  \"%s\"",subdirf(fileresilk));
+     fprintf(ficgp,"unset log;\n# plot weighted, mean weight should have point size of 0.5\n plot  \"%s\"",subdirf(fileresilk));
-       fprintf(ficgp,"  u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable \\\n",i,1,i,1);
+     fprintf(ficgp,"  u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable \\\n",i,1,i,1);
-       for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++) {
+     for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++) {
-         fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n \"\" u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable ",i,j,i,j);
+       fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n \"\" u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable ",i,j,i,j);
-       }
+     }
-       fprintf(ficgp,";\nset out; unset ylabel;\n");
+     fprintf(ficgp,";\nset out; unset ylabel;\n");
-     }
+   }
-     /* unset log; plot  "rrtest1_sorted_4/ILK_rrtest1_sorted_4.txt" u  2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with points lc variable */
+   /* unset log; plot  "rrtest1_sorted_4/ILK_rrtest1_sorted_4.txt" u  2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with points lc variable */
-     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$11):3 t \"All sample, all transitions\" with dots lc variable",subdirf(fileresilk)); */
+   /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$11):3 t \"All sample, all transitions\" with dots lc variable",subdirf(fileresilk)); */
-     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot  \"%s\" u 2:($3 <= 3 ? -$11 : 1/0):3 t \"First 3 individuals\" with line lc variable", subdirf(fileresilk)); */
+   /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot  \"%s\" u 2:($3 <= 3 ? -$11 : 1/0):3 t \"First 3 individuals\" with line lc variable", subdirf(fileresilk)); */
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;unset log\n");
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;unset log\n");
-     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\"; replot; set out; # bug gnuplot",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
+   /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\"; replot; set out; # bug gnuplot",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
    strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
    strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
-  /* 1eme*/
+   /* 1eme*/
    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each live state */
-     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { /* For each combination of covariate */
+     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { /* For each valid combination of covariate */
        /* plot [100000000000000000000:-100000000000000000000] "mysbiaspar/vplrmysbiaspar.txt to check */
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 1st: Period (stable) prevalence with CI: 'VPL_' files ");
-       for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate k get corresponding value lv for combination k1 */
-         lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
+         lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the value of the covariate corresponding to k1 combination */
          /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
          /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
          /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
-         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv];
+         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* vlv is the value of the covariate lv, 0 or 1 */
-         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",k,vlv);
+         /* For each combination of covariate k1 (V1=1, V3=0), we printed the current covariate k and its value vlv */
+         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
+       if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
+         fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1);
+         continue;
+       }
-      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1);
-      fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"V_%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"V_%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
-      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
+       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
- set ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
+ set ylabel \"Probability\" \n   \
- set ter svg size 640, 480\n\
+ set ter svg size 640, 480\n     \
  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1);
-      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
+       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
-        if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
+         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
-        else        fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
+         else        fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
-      }
+       }
-      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Period (stable) prevalence\" w l lt 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Period (stable) prevalence\" w l lt 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1);
-      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
+       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
-        if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
+         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
-        else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
+         else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
-      }
+       }
-      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95%% CI\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95%% CI\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1);
-      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
+       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
-        if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
+         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
-        else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
+         else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
-      }
+       }
-      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l lt 2",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence\" w l lt 2",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
-      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \n");
+       if(backcast==1){ /* We need to get the corresponding values of the covariates involved in this combination k1 */
+         /* fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Backward stable prevalence\" w l lt 3",subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"),k1-1,k1-1,1+cpt); */
+         fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u 1:((",subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_")); /* Age is in 1 */
+         if(cptcoveff ==0){
+           fprintf(ficgp,"$%d)) t 'Backward prevalence in state %d' with line ",  2+(cpt-1),  cpt );
+         }else{
+           kl=0;
+           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each combination of covariate  */
+             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
+             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
+             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
+             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
+             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
+             kl++;
+             /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
+             /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */
+             /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */
+             /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
+             if(k==cptcoveff){
+               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d)? $%d : 1/0) t 'Backward prevalence in state %d' ",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv], \
++(cpt-1),  cpt );  /* 4 or 6 ?*/
+             }else{
+               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d && ",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
+               kl++;
+             }
+           } /* end covariate */
+         } /* end if no covariate */
+       } /* end if backcast */
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \n");
      } /* k1 */
    } /* cpt */
    /*2 eme*/
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
-       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 2nd: Total life expectancy with CI: 't' files ");
-       for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
-         lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
-         /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
-         /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
-         /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
-         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv];
-         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",k,vlv);
-       }
-       fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
+     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 2nd: Total life expectancy with CI: 't' files ");
+     for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
+       lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
+       /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
+       /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
+       /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
+       vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
+       fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
+     }
+     fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
+     if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
+       fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1);
+       continue;
+     }
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1);
      for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
        if(vpopbased==0)
- Line 5272  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u
+ Line 6199  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u
      } /* vpopbased */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;set out \"%s_%d.svg\"; replot; set out; \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1); /* Buggy gnuplot */
    } /* k1 */
    /*3eme*/
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 3d: Life expectancy with EXP_ files:  cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
        for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
- Line 5283  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u
+ Line 6211  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u
          /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
          /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
          /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
-         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv];
+         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
-         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",k,vlv);
+         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
+       if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
+         fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1);
+         continue;
+       }
        /*       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2); */
        k=2+(nlstate+1)*(cpt-1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1);
- Line 5299  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u
+ Line 6231  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u
          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
        */
        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);
          /*      fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);*/
        }
        fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d.\" w l",subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),k1-1,k1-1,k+nlstate,cpt);
      }
    }
+   /* 4eme */
    /* Survival functions (period) from state i in state j by initial state i */
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { /* For each multivariate if any */
      for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n# Survival functions in state j : 'LIJ_' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
        for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
- Line 5319  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u
+ Line 6253  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u
          /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
          /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
          /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
-         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv];
+         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
-         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",k,vlv);
+         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
+       if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
+         fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1);
+         continue;
+       }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability to be alive\" \n\
- set ter svg size 640, 480\n\
+ set ter svg size 640, 480\n                                                                                                                                                                                     \
- unset log y\n\
+ unset log y\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
        k=3;
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){
-         if(i==1)
+         if(i==1){
            fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
-         else
+         }else{
            fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
+         }
          l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1;
          fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l);
          for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++)
- Line 5344  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
+ Line 6283  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out\n");
      } /* end cpt state*/
    } /* end covariate */
+ /* 5eme */
    /* Survival functions (period) from state i in state j by final state j */
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { /* For each covariate if any */
      for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each inital state  */
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n# Survival functions in state j and all livestates from state i by final state j: 'lij' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
        for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
          lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
          /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
          /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
          /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
-         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv];
+         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
-         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",k,vlv);
+         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
+       if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
+         fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1);
+         continue;
+       }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability to be alive\" \n\
- set ter svg size 640, 480\n\
+ set ter svg size 640, 480\n                                             \
- unset log y\n\
+ unset log y\n                                                           \
  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
        k=3;
        for (j=1; j<= nlstate ; j ++){ /* Lived in state j */
- Line 5388  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
+ Line 6333  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out\n");
      } /* end cpt state*/
    } /* end covariate */
+ /* 6eme */
    /* CV preval stable (period) for each covariate */
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { /* For each covariate combination (1 to m=2**k), if any covariate is present */
      for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV preval stable (period): 'pij' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
        for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
          lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
          /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
          /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
          /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
-         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv];
+         vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
-         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",k,vlv);
+         fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
        }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
+       if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
+         fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1);
+         continue;
+       }
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
- set ter svg size 640, 480\n\
+ set ter svg size 640, 480\n                                             \
- unset log y\n\
+ unset log y\n                                                           \
  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
        k=3; /* Offset */
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){
- Line 5423  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
+ Line 6374  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out\n");
      } /* end cpt state*/
    } /* end covariate */
+ /* 7eme */
+   if(backcast == 1){
+     /* CV back preval stable (period) for each covariate */
+     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { /* For each covariate combination (1 to m=2**k), if any covariate is present */
+       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV Back preval stable (period): 'pij' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
+         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
+           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
+           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
+           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
+           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
+           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
+           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
+         }
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
+         if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
+           fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1);
+           continue;
+         }
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1);
+         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
+ set ter svg size 640, 480\n                                             \
+ unset log y\n                                                           \
+ plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
+         k=3; /* Offset */
+         for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){
+           if(i==1)
+             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"));
+           else
+             fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
+           /* l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1; */
+           l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1)+1;
+           /* fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l); /\* a vérifier *\/ */
+           /* fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l+(cpt-1)+i-1); /\* a vérifier *\/ */
+           fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1)+i-1); /* a vérifier */
+           /* for (j=2; j<= nlstate ; j ++) */
+           /*    fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1); */
+           /*    /\* fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1); *\/ */
+           fprintf(ficgp,") t \"bprev(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
+         } /* nlstate */
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out\n");
+       } /* end cpt state*/
+     } /* end covariate */
+   } /* End if backcast */
+   /* 8eme */
    if(prevfcast==1){
-   /* Projection from cross-sectional to stable (period) for each covariate */
+     /* Projection from cross-sectional to stable (period) for each covariate */
      for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { /* For each covariate combination (1 to m=2**k), if any covariate is present */
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
          fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#Projection of prevalence to stable (period): 'PROJ_' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
- Line 5435  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
+ Line 6434  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
            /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
            /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
            /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
-           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv];
+           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
-           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",k,vlv);
+           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
          }
          fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
+         if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
+           fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1);
+           continue;
+         }
          fprintf(ficgp,"# hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev\n ");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1);
          fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Prevalence\" \n\
- set ter svg size 640, 480\n\
+ set ter svg size 640, 480\n                                             \
- unset log y\n\
+ unset log y\n                                                           \
  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
          for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 */
            /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
- Line 5457  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
+ Line 6460  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
              fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
            }
            if(cptcoveff ==0){ /* No covariate */
-             fprintf(ficgp," u 2:("); /* Age is in 2 */
+             ioffset=2; /* Age is in 2 */
              /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
              /*#   1       2   3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
+             /*# V1  = 1 yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
+             /*#  1    2        3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
+             fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(", ioffset);
              if(i==nlstate+1)
-               fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'p.%d' with line ", \
+               fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'pw.%d' with line ",      \
-+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  2+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
+                       ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
              else
-               fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'p%d%d' with line ", \
+               fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'p%d%d' with line ",      \
-+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  2+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
+                       ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
-           }else{
+           }else{ /* more than 2 covariates */
-             fprintf(ficgp,"u 6:(("); /* Age is in 6 */
+             if(cptcoveff ==1){
-             /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
+               ioffset=4; /* Age is in 4 */
-             /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */
+             }else{
+               ioffset=6; /* Age is in 6 */
+               /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
+               /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */
+             }
+             fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset);
              kl=0;
-             for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate  */
+             strcpy(gplotcondition,"(");
-               lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
+             for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate writing the chain of conditions */
+               lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to combination k1 and covariate k */
                /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
-               vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv];
+               vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* Value of the modality of Tvaraff[k] */
                kl++;
-               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
+               sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),"$%d==%d && $%d==%d " ,kl,Tvaraff[k], kl+1, nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
-               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */
+               kl++;
-               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */
+               if(k <cptcoveff && cptcoveff>1)
-               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
+                 sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition)," && ");
-               if(k==cptcoveff)
+             }
-                 if(i==nlstate+1)
+             strcpy(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),")");
-                   fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d)? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p.%d' with line ",kl, k,kl+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv], \
+             /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
-+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
+             /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */
-                 else
+             /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */
-                   fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d)? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p%d%d' with line ",kl, k,kl+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv], \
+             /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
-+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
+             if(i==nlstate+1){
-               else{
+               fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p.%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \
-                 fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d && ",kl, k,kl+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[lv]][lv]);
+                       ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
-                 kl++;
+             }else{
-               }
+               fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \
-             } /* end covariate */
+                       ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), ioffset +1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
+             }
            } /* end if covariate */
          } /* nlstate */
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out\n");
        } /* end cpt state*/
      } /* end covariate */
    } /* End if prevfcast */
    /* proba elementaires */
    fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#MLE estimated parameters\n#############\n");
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
- Line 5516  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
+ Line 6529  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
          fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
        }
      }
-    }
+   }
    fprintf(ficgp,"##############\n#\n");
    /*goto avoid;*/
    fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#Graphics of probabilities or incidences\n#############\n");
    fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age\n");
- Line 5534  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
+ Line 6547  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar)
    fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age))\n");
    fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a14+b14*age+c14age*age+d14*V1+e14*V1*age)+...)\n");
    fprintf(ficgp,"#\n");
-    for(ng=1; ng<=3;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is logit, 2nd is probabilities, third is incidences per year*/
+   for(ng=1; ng<=3;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is logit, 2nd is probabilities, third is incidences per year*/
-      fprintf(ficgp,"# ng=%d\n",ng);
+     fprintf(ficgp,"# ng=%d\n",ng);
-      fprintf(ficgp,"#   jk=1 to 2^%d=%d\n",cptcoveff,m);
+     fprintf(ficgp,"#   jk=1 to 2^%d=%d\n",cptcoveff,m);
-      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
+     for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
-        fprintf(ficgp,"#    jk=%d\n",jk);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"#    jk=%d\n",jk);
-        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jk,ng);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jk,ng);
-        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480 ");
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480 ");
-        if (ng==1){
+       if (ng==1){
-          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Value of the logit of the model\"\n"); /* exp(a12+b12*x) could be nice */
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Value of the logit of the model\"\n"); /* exp(a12+b12*x) could be nice */
-          fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset log y");
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset log y");
-        }else if (ng==2){
+       }else if (ng==2){
-          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Probability\"\n");
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Probability\"\n");
-          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
-        }else if (ng==3){
+       }else if (ng==3){
-          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
-          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
-        }else
+       }else
-          fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title ");
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title ");
-        fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
-        i=1;
+       i=1;
-        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
+       for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
-          k3=i;
+         k3=i;
-          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
+         for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
-            if (k != k2){
+           if (k != k2){
-              switch( ng) {
+             switch( ng) {
-              case 1:
+             case 1:
-                if(nagesqr==0)
+               if(nagesqr==0)
-                  fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
+                 fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
-                else /* nagesqr =1 */
+               else /* nagesqr =1 */
-                  fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
+                 fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
-                break;
+               break;
-              case 2: /* ng=2 */
+             case 2: /* ng=2 */
-                if(nagesqr==0)
+               if(nagesqr==0)
-                  fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
+                 fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
-                else /* nagesqr =1 */
+               else /* nagesqr =1 */
-                    fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
+                 fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
-                break;
+               break;
-              case 3:
+             case 3:
-                if(nagesqr==0)
+               if(nagesqr==0)
-                  fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
+                 fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
-                else /* nagesqr =1 */
+               else /* nagesqr =1 */
-                  fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
+                 fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
-                break;
+               break;
-              }
+             }
-              ij=1;/* To be checked else nbcode[0][0] wrong */
+             ij=1;/* To be checked else nbcode[0][0] wrong */
-              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++) {
+             for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++) {
-                /* printf("Tage[%d]=%d, j=%d\n", ij, Tage[ij], j); */
+               /* printf("Tage[%d]=%d, j=%d\n", ij, Tage[ij], j); */
-                if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* Bug valgrind */
+               if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* Bug valgrind */
-                  if((j-2)==Tage[ij]) { /* Bug valgrind */
+                 if((j-2)==Tage[ij]) { /* Bug valgrind */
-                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,j-2)]);
+                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,j-2)]);
-                    /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,Tvar[j-2])]); */
+                   /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,Tvar[j-2])]); */
-                    ij++;
+                   ij++;
-                  }
+                 }
-                }
+               }
-                else
+               else
-                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,j-2)]);
+                 fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,j-2)]); /* Valgrind bug nbcode */
-              }
+             }
-              if(ng != 1){
+           }else{
-                fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
+             i=i-ncovmodel;
+             if(ng !=1 ) /* For logit formula of log p11 is more difficult to get */
-                for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){
+               fprintf(ficgp," (1.");
-                  if(nagesqr==0)
+           }
-                    fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
-                  else /* nagesqr =1 */
+           if(ng != 1){
-                    fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+nagesqr);
+             fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
-                  ij=1;
+             for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){
-                  for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++){
+               if(nagesqr==0)
-                    if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* Bug valgrind */
+                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
-                      if((j-2)==Tage[ij]) { /* Bug valgrind */
+               else /* nagesqr =1 */
-                        fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,j-2)]);
+                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+nagesqr);
-                        /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,Tvar[j-2])]); */
-                        ij++;
+               ij=1;
-                      }
+               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++){
-                    }
+                 if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* Bug valgrind */
-                    else
+                   if((j-2)==Tage[ij]) { /* Bug valgrind */
-                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,j-2)]);
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,j-2)]);
-                  }
+                     /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,Tvar[j-2])]); */
-                  fprintf(ficgp,")");
+                     ij++;
-                }
+                   }
-                fprintf(ficgp,")");
+                 }
-                if(ng ==2)
+                 else
-                  fprintf(ficgp," t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
+                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,j-2)]);/* Valgrind bug nbcode */
-                else /* ng= 3 */
+               }
-                  fprintf(ficgp," t \"i%d%d\" ", k2,k);
+               fprintf(ficgp,")");
-              }else{ /* end ng <> 1 */
+             }
-                fprintf(ficgp," t \"logit(p%d%d)\" ", k2,k);
+             fprintf(ficgp,")");
-              }
+             if(ng ==2)
-              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
+               fprintf(ficgp," t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
-              i=i+ncovmodel;
+             else /* ng= 3 */
-            }
+               fprintf(ficgp," t \"i%d%d\" ", k2,k);
-          } /* end k */
+           }else{ /* end ng <> 1 */
-        } /* end k2 */
+             if( k !=k2) /* logit p11 is hard to draw */
-        fprintf(ficgp,"\n set out\n");
+               fprintf(ficgp," t \"logit(p%d%d)\" ", k2,k);
-      } /* end jk */
+           }
-    } /* end ng */
+           if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath) && ng != 1)
-  /* avoid: */
+             fprintf(ficgp,",");
-    fflush(ficgp);
+           if (ng == 1 && k!=k2 && (k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath))
+             fprintf(ficgp,",");
+           i=i+ncovmodel;
+         } /* end k */
+       } /* end k2 */
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\n set out\n");
+     } /* end jk */
+   } /* end ng */
+   /* avoid: */
+   fflush(ficgp);
  }  /* end gnuplot */
  /*************** Moving average **************/
- int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
+ /* int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage, double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav, double bageout, double fageout){ */
+  int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage, double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
-   int i, cpt, cptcod;
-   int modcovmax =1;
+    int i, cpt, cptcod;
-   int mobilavrange, mob;
+    int modcovmax =1;
-   double age;
+    int mobilavrange, mob;
+    int iage=0;
-   modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose
-                            a covariate has 2 modalities */
+    double sum=0.;
-   if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
+    double age;
+    double *sumnewp, *sumnewm;
-   if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
+    double *agemingood, *agemaxgood; /* Currently identical for all covariates */
-     if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
-     else mobilavrange=mobilav;
-     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
+    /* modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/\* Max number of modalities. We suppose  */
-       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+    /*              a covariate has 2 modalities, should be equal to ncovcombmax  *\/ */
-         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
-           mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
+    sumnewp = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
-     /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for
+    sumnewm = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
-        fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
+    agemingood = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
-        we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned.
+    agemaxgood = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
-     */
-     for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
+    for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
-       for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
+      sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
-         for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+      sumnewp[cptcod]=0.;
-           for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
+      agemingood[cptcod]=0;
-             mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
+      agemaxgood[cptcod]=0;
-               for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
+    }
-                 mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
+    if (cptcovn<1) ncovcombmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
-                 mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
-               }
+    if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
-             mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
+      if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
-           }
+      else mobilavrange=mobilav;
-         }
+      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
-       }/* end age */
+        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-     }/* end mob */
+          for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++)
-   }else return -1;
+            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
-   return 0;
+      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for
- }/* End movingaverage */
+         fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
+         we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned.
+      */
+      for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
+        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
+          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
+              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
+              for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
+                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
+                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
+              }
+              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
+            }
+          }
+        }/* end age */
+      }/* end mob */
+    }else
+      return -1;
+    for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
+      /* for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){ */
+      if(invalidvarcomb[cptcod]){
+        printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",cptcod);
+        continue;
+      }
+      agemingood[cptcod]=fage-(mob-1)/2;
+      for (age=fage-(mob-1)/2; age>=bage; age--){/* From oldest to youngest, finding the youngest wrong */
+        sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
+        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+          sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
+        }
+        if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
+          agemingood[cptcod]=age;
+        }else{ /* bad */
+          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
+          } /* i */
+        } /* end bad */
+      }/* age */
+      sum=0.;
+      for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+        sum+=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
+      }
+      if(fabs(sum - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
+        printf("For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one at any descending age!\n",cptcod);
+        /* for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
+        /*   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod]; */
+        /* } /\* i *\/ */
+      } /* end bad */
+      /* else{ /\* We found some ages summing to one, we will smooth the oldest *\/ */
+      /* From youngest, finding the oldest wrong */
+      agemaxgood[cptcod]=bage+(mob-1)/2;
+      for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage; age++){
+        sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
+        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+          sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
+        }
+        if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
+          agemaxgood[cptcod]=age;
+        }else{ /* bad */
+          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
+          } /* i */
+        } /* end bad */
+      }/* age */
+      sum=0.;
+      for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+        sum+=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
+      }
+      if(fabs(sum - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
+        printf("For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one at any ascending age!\n",cptcod);
+        /* for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
+        /*   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod]; */
+        /* } /\* i *\/ */
+      } /* end bad */
+      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++){
+        printf("%d %d ", cptcod, (int)age);
+        sumnewp[cptcod]=0.;
+        sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
+        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+          sumnewp[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
+          sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
+          /* printf("%.4f %.4f ",probs[(int)age][i][cptcod], mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); */
+        }
+        /* printf("%.4f %.4f \n",sumnewp[cptcod], sumnewm[cptcod]); */
+      }
+      /* printf("\n"); */
+      /* } */
+      /* brutal averaging */
+      for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+        for (age=1; age<=bage; age++){
+          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
+          /* printf("age=%d i=%d cptcod=%d mobaverage=%.4f \n",(int)age,i, cptcod, mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); */
+        }
+        for (age=fage; age<=AGESUP; age++){
+          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
+          /* printf("age=%d i=%d cptcod=%d mobaverage=%.4f \n",(int)age,i, cptcod, mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); */
+        }
+      } /* end i status */
+      for (i=nlstate+1; i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++){
+        for (age=1; age<=AGESUP; age++){
+          /*printf("i=%d, age=%d, cptcod=%d\n",i, (int)age, cptcod);*/
+          mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=0.;
+        }
+      }
+    }/* end cptcod */
+    free_vector(sumnewm,1, ncovcombmax);
+    free_vector(sumnewp,1, ncovcombmax);
+    free_vector(agemaxgood,1, ncovcombmax);
+    free_vector(agemingood,1, ncovcombmax);
+    return 0;
+  }/* End movingaverage */
  /************** Forecasting ******************/
  void prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
- Line 5689  void prevforecast(char fileres[], double
+ Line 6824  void prevforecast(char fileres[], double
    double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
    double ***p3mat;
-   double ***mobaverage;
+   /* double ***mobaverage; */
    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
    agelim=AGESUP;
- Line 5699  void prevforecast(char fileres[], double
+ Line 6834  void prevforecast(char fileres[], double
    */
    /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\ */
    /*          firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model); */
-   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
    strcpy(fileresf,"F_");
    strcat(fileresf,fileresu);
- Line 5712  void prevforecast(char fileres[], double
+ Line 6846  void prevforecast(char fileres[], double
    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
-   if (mobilav!=0) {
-     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
-     if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
-       fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
-       printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
-     }
-   }
    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
- Line 5738  void prevforecast(char fileres[], double
+ Line 6865  void prevforecast(char fileres[], double
    if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
-   i1=cptcoveff;
+   i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
    fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2);
    fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
  /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
-   for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
+   for(k=1;k<=i1;k++){
-     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
+     if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
-       k=k+1;
+       printf("\nCombination (%d) projection ignored because no cases \n",k);
-       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#****** hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#");
+       continue;
-       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
+     }
-         fprintf(ficresf," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+     fprintf(ficresf,"\n#****** hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#");
-       }
+     for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
-       fprintf(ficresf," yearproj age");
+       fprintf(ficresf," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
-       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+     }
-         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+     fprintf(ficresf," yearproj age");
-           fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
+     for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
-         fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
+       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-       }
+         fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
-       for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {
+       fprintf(ficresf," wp.%d",j);
-         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
+     }
-         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);
+     for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {
+       fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
-         for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){
+       fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);
-           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm);
+       for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){
-           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;
+         nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm);
-           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+         nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;
-           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+         p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
-           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);
+         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);
-           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+         for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
-             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
+           if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
-               fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
+             fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
-               for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+             for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
-                 fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+               fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
-               fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
+             fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
-             }
+           }
-             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
+           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
-               ppij=0.;
+             ppij=0.;
-               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
+             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
-                 if (mobilav==1)
+               if (mobilav==1)
-                   ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
+                 ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][k];
-                 else {
+               else {
-                   ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
+                 ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][k];
-                 }
-                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
-                   fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
-                 }
-               } /* end i */
-               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
-                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
                }
-             }/* end j */
+               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
-           } /* end h */
+                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
-           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+               }
-         } /* end agec */
+             } /* end i */
-       } /* end yearp */
+             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
-     } /* end cptcod */
+               fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
-   } /* end  cptcov */
+             }
+           }/* end j */
-   if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+         } /* end h */
+         free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+       } /* end agec */
+     } /* end yearp */
+   } /* end  k */
    fclose(ficresf);
    printf("End of Computing forecasting \n");
    fprintf(ficlog,"End of Computing forecasting\n");
  }
- /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
+ /* /\************** Back Forecasting ******************\/ */
- void populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
+ /* void prevbackforecast(char fileres[], double anback1, double mback1, double jback1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anback2, double p[], int cptcoveff){ */
+ /*   /\* back1, year, month, day of starting backection  */
-   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
+ /*      agemin, agemax range of age */
-   int *popage;
+ /*      dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed */
-   double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
+ /*      anback2 year of en of backection (same day and month as back1). */
-   double *popeffectif,*popcount;
+ /*   *\/ */
-   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
+ /*   int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, cptcod, i, h, i1; */
-   double ***mobaverage;
+ /*   double agec; /\* generic age *\/ */
-   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ /*   double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean; */
+ /*   double *popeffectif,*popcount; */
-   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+ /*   double ***p3mat; */
-   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+ /*   /\* double ***mobaverage; *\/ */
-   agelim=AGESUP;
+ /*   char fileresfb[FILENAMELENGTH]; */
-   calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
+ /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
+ /*   /\* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people */
+ /*      in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2). */
+ /*      We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection. */
+ /*   *\/ */
+ /*   /\* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\ *\/ */
+ /*   /\*              firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model); *\/ */
+ /*   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
+ /*   strcpy(fileresfb,"FB_");  */
+ /*   strcat(fileresfb,fileresu); */
+ /*   if((ficresfb=fopen(fileresfb,"w"))==NULL) { */
+ /*     printf("Problem with back forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresfb); */
+ /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with back forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresfb); */
+ /*   } */
+ /*   printf("Computing back forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresfb); */
+ /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing back forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresfb); */
+ /*   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1; */
+ /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) { *\/ */
+ /*   /\*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
+ /*   /\*   if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ *\/ */
+ /*   /\*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
+ /*   /\*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
+ /*   /\*   } *\/ */
+ /*   /\* } *\/ */
+ /*   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM; */
+ /*   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1; */
+ /*   if(estepm < stepm){ */
+ /*     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm); */
+ /*   } */
+ /*   else  hstepm=estepm;    */
+ /*   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  */
+ /*   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/\* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and */
+ /*                                fractional in yp1 *\/ */
+ /*   anprojmean=yp; */
+ /*   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp); */
+ /*   mprojmean=yp; */
+ /*   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp); */
+ /*   jprojmean=yp; */
+ /*   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1; */
+ /*   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1; */
+ /*   i1=cptcoveff; */
+ /*   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;} */
-   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
+ /*   fprintf(ficresfb,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2);  */
+ /*   fprintf(ficresfb,"#****** Routine prevbackforecast **\n"); */
+ /*      /\*           if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ *\/ */
+ /*   for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
+ /*     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){ */
+ /*       k=k+1; */
+ /*       fprintf(ficresfb,"\n#****** hbijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#"); */
+ /*       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) { */
+ /*                              fprintf(ficresfb," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */
+ /*       } */
+ /*       fprintf(ficresfb," yearbproj age"); */
+ /*       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  */
+ /*                              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)               */
+ /*           fprintf(ficresfb," p%d%d",i,j); */
+ /*                              fprintf(ficresfb," p.%d",j); */
+ /*       } */
+ /*       for (yearp=0; yearp>=(anback2-anback1);yearp -=stepsize) {  */
+ /*                              /\* for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {  *\/ */
+ /*                              fprintf(ficresfb,"\n"); */
+ /*                              fprintf(ficresfb,"\n# Back Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jback1,mback1,anback1+yearp);    */
+ /*                              for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){  */
+ /*                                      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm);  */
+ /*                                      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
+ /*                                      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
+ /*                                      oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
+ /*                                      hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm,oldm,savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, k);       */
+ /*                                      for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
+ /*                                              if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) { */
+ /*               fprintf(ficresfb,"\n"); */
+ /*               for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  */
+ /*                 fprintf(ficresfb,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */
+ /*                                                      fprintf(ficresfb,"%.f %.f ",anback1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
+ /*                                              }  */
+ /*                                              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
+ /*                                                      ppij=0.; */
+ /*                                                      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) { */
+ /*                                                              if (mobilav==1)  */
+ /*                                                                      ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod]; */
+ /*                                                              else { */
+ /*                                                                      ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod]; */
+ /*                                                              } */
+ /*                                                              if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) { */
+ /*                                                                      fprintf(ficresfb," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]); */
+ /*                                                              } */
+ /*                                                      } /\* end i *\/ */
+ /*                                                      if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) { */
+ /*                                                              fprintf(ficresfb," %.3f", ppij); */
+ /*                                                      } */
+ /*                                              }/\* end j *\/ */
+ /*                                      } /\* end h *\/ */
+ /*                                      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
+ /*                              } /\* end agec *\/ */
+ /*       } /\* end yearp *\/ */
+ /*     } /\* end cptcod *\/ */
+ /*   } /\* end  cptcov *\/ */
+ /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
+ /*   fclose(ficresfb); */
+ /*   printf("End of Computing Back forecasting \n"); */
+ /*   fprintf(ficlog,"End of Computing Back forecasting\n"); */
+ /* } */
+ /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
+ /* void populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2s, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){ */
-   strcpy(filerespop,"POP_");
+ /*   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h; */
-   strcat(filerespop,fileresu);
+ /*   int *popage; */
-   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
+ /*   double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2; */
-     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
+ /*   double *popeffectif,*popcount; */
-     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
+ /*   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev; */
-   }
+ /*   /\* double ***mobaverage; *\/ */
-   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
+ /*   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH]; */
-   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
+ /*   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
+ /*   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
+ /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
+ /*   calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM; */
+ /*   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
+ /*   strcpy(filerespop,"POP_");  */
+ /*   strcat(filerespop,fileresu); */
+ /*   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) { */
+ /*     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop); */
+ /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop); */
+ /*   } */
+ /*   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop); */
+ /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop); */
-   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
+ /*   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1; */
-   if (mobilav!=0) {
+ /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) { *\/ */
-     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+ /*   /\*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
-     if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
+ /*   /\*   if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ *\/ */
-       fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+ /*   /\*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
-       printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+ /*   /\*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
-     }
+ /*   /\*   } *\/ */
-   }
+ /*   /\* } *\/ */
-   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
+ /*   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM; */
-   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
+ /*   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1; */
-   agelim=AGESUP;
+ /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
-   hstepm=1;
-   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;
-   if (popforecast==1) {
+ /*   hstepm=1; */
-     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
+ /*   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  */
-       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
-       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
+ /*   if (popforecast==1) { */
-     }
+ /*     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) { */
-     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
+ /*       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0); */
-     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
+ /*       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0); */
-     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
+ /*     }  */
+ /*     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP); */
+ /*     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP); */
+ /*     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP); */
-     i=1;
+ /*     i=1;    */
-     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
+ /*     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1; */
-     imx=i;
+ /*     imx=i; */
-     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
+ /*     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i]; */
-   }
+ /*   } */
-   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
+ /*   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){ */
-    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
+ /*     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){ */
-       k=k+1;
+ /*       k=k+1; */
-       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
+ /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******"); */
-       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
+ /*       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) { */
-         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+ /*      fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */
-       }
+ /*       } */
-       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
+ /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n"); */
-       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
+ /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age"); */
-       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
+ /*       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j); */
-       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
+ /*       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]"); */
-       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {
+ /*       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {  */
-         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);
+ /*      fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    */
-         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){
+ /*      for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){  */
-           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);
+ /*        nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  */
-           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;
+ /*        nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
-           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+ /*        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
-           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+ /*        oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
-           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);
+ /*        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
-           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
-             if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
-               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
-             }
-             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
-               kk1=0.;kk2=0;
-               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
-                 if (mobilav==1)
-                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
-                 else {
-                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
-                 }
-               }
-               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
-                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
-                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
-                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
-               }
-             }
-             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
-               kk1=0.;
-                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
-                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];
-                 }
-                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
-             }
-             if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
-               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
-           }
-           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
-         }
-       }
-   /******/
-       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {
-         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);
-         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){
-           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);
-           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;
-           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+ /*        for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
-           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+ /*          if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) { */
-           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);
+ /*            fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
-           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+ /*          }  */
-             if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
+ /*          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
-               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
+ /*            kk1=0.;kk2=0; */
-             }
+ /*            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {               */
-             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
+ /*              if (mobilav==1)  */
-               kk1=0.;kk2=0;
+ /*                kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod]; */
-               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
+ /*              else { */
-                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
+ /*                kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod]; */
-               }
+ /*              } */
-               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);
+ /*            } */
-             }
+ /*            if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){ */
-           }
+ /*              tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1; */
-           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+ /*              /\*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1); */
-         }
+ /*                if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*\/ */
-       }
+ /*            } */
-    }
+ /*          } */
-   }
+ /*          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
+ /*            kk1=0.; */
+ /*            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
+ /*              kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];  */
+ /*            } */
+ /*            tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)]; */
+ /*          } */
+ /*          if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) */
+ /*            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  */
+ /*              fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]); */
+ /*        } */
+ /*        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
+ /*      } */
+ /*       } */
+ /*       /\******\/ */
+ /*       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {  */
+ /*      fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    */
+ /*      for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){  */
+ /*        nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  */
+ /*        nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
+ /*        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
+ /*        oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
+ /*        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
+ /*        for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
+ /*          if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) { */
+ /*            fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
+ /*          }  */
+ /*          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
+ /*            kk1=0.;kk2=0; */
+ /*            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {               */
+ /*              kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];     */
+ /*            } */
+ /*            if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);         */
+ /*          } */
+ /*        } */
+ /*        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
+ /*      } */
+ /*       } */
+ /*     }  */
+ /*   } */
+ /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
+ /*   if (popforecast==1) { */
+ /*     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP); */
+ /*     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP); */
+ /*     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP); */
+ /*   } */
+ /*   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
+ /*   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
+ /*   fclose(ficrespop); */
+ /* } /\* End of popforecast *\/ */
-   if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
-   if (popforecast==1) {
-     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
-     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
-     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
-   }
-   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
-   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
-   fclose(ficrespop);
- } /* End of popforecast */
  int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
  {
    if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
- Line 6108  double gompertz(double x[])
+ Line 7364  double gompertz(double x[])
    double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
    int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
-   for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
+   for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++) {
      sump=sump+weight[i];
      /*    sump=sump+1;*/
      num=num+1;
- Line 6233  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
+ Line 7489  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
    /*-------- data file ----------*/
    FILE *fic;
    char dummy[]="                         ";
-   int i=0, j=0, n=0;
+   int i=0, j=0, n=0, iv=0;
+   int lstra;
    int linei, month, year,iout;
    char line[MAXLINE], linetmp[MAXLINE];
    char stra[MAXLINE], strb[MAXLINE];
    char *stratrunc;
-   int lstra;
    if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
-     printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s\n", datafile);fflush(stdout);
+     printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(stdout);
-     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s\n", datafile);fflush(ficlog);return 1;
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(ficlog);return 1;
    }
    i=1;
- Line 6265  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
+ Line 7522  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
      }
      trimbb(linetmp,line); /* Trims multiple blanks in line */
      strcpy(line, linetmp);
+     /* Loops on waves */
      for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
+       for (iv=nqtv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on time varying quantitative variables */
+         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' ');
+         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
+           lval=-1;
+           cotqvar[j][iv][i]=-1; /* 0.0/0.0 */
+           if(isalpha(strb[1])) { /* .m or .d Really Missing value */
+             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. If missing, you should remove this individual or impute a value.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j);
+             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. If missing, you should remove this individual or impute a value.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j);fflush(ficlog);
+             return 1;
+           }
+         }else{
+           errno=0;
+           /* what_kind_of_number(strb); */
+           dval=strtod(strb,&endptr);
+           /* if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){ */
+           /* if(strb != endptr && *endptr == '\0') */
+           /*    dval=dlval; */
+           /* if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) */
+           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
+             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j,maxwav);
+             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqtv, j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
+             return 1;
+           }
+           cotqvar[j][iv][i]=dval;
+         }
+         strcpy(line,stra);
+       }/* end loop ntqv */
+       for (iv=ntv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on time varying dummies */
+         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' ');
+         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
+           lval=-1;
+         }else{
+           errno=0;
+           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10);
+           /*    if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
+           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
+             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th dummy covariate out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, ntv, j,maxwav);
+             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d dummy covariate out of %d measured wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, ntv,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
+             return 1;
+           }
+         }
+         if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
+           printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
+  Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
+  for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
+  For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
+  build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
+         V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
+  and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
+  output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
+  Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
+           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
+  Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
+  for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
+  For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
+  build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
+         V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
+  and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
+  output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
+  Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
+           return 1;
+         }
+         cotvar[j][iv][i]=(double)(lval);
+         strcpy(line,stra);
+       }/* end loop ntv */
+       /* Statuses  at wave */
        cutv(stra, strb, line, ' ');
-       if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing status */
+       if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
          lval=-1;
        }else{
          errno=0;
          lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10);
-       /*        if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
+         /*      if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
          if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
            printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);
            fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
            return 1;
          }
        }
        s[j][i]=lval;
+       /* Date of Interview */
        strcpy(line,stra);
        cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
        if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
- Line 6298  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
+ Line 7625  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
        anint[j][i]= (double) year;
        mint[j][i]= (double)month;
        strcpy(line,stra);
-     } /* ENd Waves */
+     } /* End loop on waves */
+     /* Date of death */
      cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
      if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
      }
- Line 6308  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
+ Line 7636  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
        year=9999;
      }else{
        printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
-         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
-         return 1;
+       return 1;
      }
      andc[i]=(double) year;
      moisdc[i]=(double) month;
      strcpy(line,stra);
+     /* Date of birth */
      cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
      if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
      }
- Line 6324  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
+ Line 7653  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
      }else{
        printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
-         return 1;
+       return 1;
      }
      if (year==9999) {
        printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given. Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
-         return 1;
+       return 1;
      }
      annais[i]=(double)(year);
      moisnais[i]=(double)(month);
      strcpy(line,stra);
+     /* Sample weight */
      cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
      errno=0;
      dval=strtod(strb,&endptr);
- Line 6348  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
+ Line 7678  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
      weight[i]=dval;
      strcpy(line,stra);
+     for (iv=nqv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on fixed quantitative variables */
+       cutv(stra, strb, line, ' ');
+       if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
+         lval=-1;
+       }else{
+         errno=0;
+         /* what_kind_of_number(strb); */
+         dval=strtod(strb,&endptr);
+         /* if(strb != endptr && *endptr == '\0') */
+         /*   dval=dlval; */
+         /* if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) */
+         if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
+           printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value (out of %d) constant for all waves. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqv, maxwav);
+           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value (out of %d) constant for all waves. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqv, maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
+           return 1;
+         }
+         coqvar[iv][i]=dval;
+         covar[ncovcol+iv][i]=dval; /* including qvar in standard covar for performance reasons */
+       }
+       strcpy(line,stra);
+     }/* end loop nqv */
+     /* Covariate values */
      for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
        cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
-       if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing status */
+       if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing covariate value */
          lval=-1;
        }else{
          errno=0;
- Line 6365  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
+ Line 7718  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
          printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
   Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
   for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
-  For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n \
+  For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
-  build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n \
+  build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
-         V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n \
+         V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
   and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
-  output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n \
+  output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
   Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
          fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
   Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
   for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
-  For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n \
+  For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
-  build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n \
+  build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
-         V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n \
+         V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
   and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
-  output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n \
+  output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
   Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
          return 1;
        }
- Line 6386  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
+ Line 7739  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
        strcpy(line,stra);
      }
      lstra=strlen(stra);
      if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
        stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
        num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
- Line 6398  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
+ Line 7751  int readdata(char datafile[], int firsto
      i=i+1;
    } /* End loop reading  data */
    *imax=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
    fclose(fic);
    return (0);
    /* endread: */
-     printf("Exiting readdata: ");
+   printf("Exiting readdata: ");
-     fclose(fic);
+   fclose(fic);
-     return (1);
+   return (1);
  }
  void removespace(char *str) {
    char *p1 = str, *p2 = str;
    do
- Line 6419  void removespace(char *str) {
+ Line 7770  void removespace(char *str) {
    while (*p1++ == *p2++);
  }
- int decodemodel ( char model[], int lastobs) /**< This routine decode the model and returns:
+ int decodemodel ( char model[], int lastobs)
-    * Model  V1+V2+V3+V8+V7*V8+V5*V6+V8*age+V3*age+age*age
+  /**< This routine decode the model and returns:
-    * - nagesqr = 1 if age*age in the model, otherwise 0.
+         * Model  V1+V2+V3+V8+V7*V8+V5*V6+V8*age+V3*age+age*age
-    * - cptcovt total number of covariates of the model nbocc(+)+1 = 8 excepting constant and age and age*age
+         * - nagesqr = 1 if age*age in the model, otherwise 0.
-    * - cptcovn or number of covariates k of the models excluding age*products =6 and age*age
+         * - cptcovt total number of covariates of the model nbocc(+)+1 = 8 excepting constant and age and age*age
-    * - cptcovage number of covariates with age*products =2
+         * - cptcovn or number of covariates k of the models excluding age*products =6 and age*age
-    * - cptcovs number of simple covariates
+         * - cptcovage number of covariates with age*products =2
-    * - Tvar[k] is the id of the kth covariate Tvar[1]@12 {1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 8, 3, 7, 8, 5, 6}, thus Tvar[5=V7*V8]=10
+         * - cptcovs number of simple covariates
-    *     which is a new column after the 9 (ncovcol) variables.
+         * - Tvar[k] is the id of the kth covariate Tvar[1]@12 {1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 8, 3, 7, 8, 5, 6}, thus Tvar[5=V7*V8]=10
-    * - if k is a product Vn*Vm covar[k][i] is filled with correct values for each individual
+         *     which is a new column after the 9 (ncovcol) variables.
-    * - Tprod[l] gives the kth covariates of the product Vn*Vm l=1 to cptcovprod-cptcovage
+         * - if k is a product Vn*Vm covar[k][i] is filled with correct values for each individual
-    *    Tprod[1]@2 {5, 6}: position of first product V7*V8 is 5, and second V5*V6 is 6.
+         * - Tprod[l] gives the kth covariates of the product Vn*Vm l=1 to cptcovprod-cptcovage
-    * - Tvard[k]  p Tvard[1][1]@4 {7, 8, 5, 6} for V7*V8 and V5*V6 .
+         *    Tprod[1]@2 {5, 6}: position of first product V7*V8 is 5, and second V5*V6 is 6.
-  */
+         * - Tvard[k]  p Tvard[1][1]@4 {7, 8, 5, 6} for V7*V8 and V5*V6 .
+         */
  {
    int i, j, k, ks;
-   int  j1, k1, k2;
+   int  j1, k1, k2, k3, k4;
    char modelsav[80];
    char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80];
    char *strpt;
- Line 6457  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
+ Line 7809  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
      if ((strpt=strstr(model,"age*age")) !=0){
        printf(" strpt=%s, model=%s\n",strpt, model);
        if(strpt != model){
-       printf("Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
+         printf("Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
   'model=1+age+age*age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.', please swap as well as \n \
   corresponding column of parameters.\n",model);
-       fprintf(ficlog,"Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
   'model=1+age+age*age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.', please swap as well as \n \
   corresponding column of parameters.\n",model); fflush(ficlog);
-       return 1;
+         return 1;
-     }
+       }
        nagesqr=1;
        if (strstr(model,"+age*age") !=0)
          substrchaine(modelsav, model, "+age*age");
- Line 6478  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
+ Line 7829  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
      if (strlen(modelsav) >1){
        j=nbocc(modelsav,'+'); /**< j=Number of '+' */
        j1=nbocc(modelsav,'*'); /**< j1=Number of '*' */
-       cptcovs=j+1-j1; /**<  Number of simple covariates V1+V1*age+V3 +V3*V4+age*age=> V1 + V3 =2  */
+       cptcovs=j+1-j1; /**<  Number of simple covariates V1+V1*age+V3 +V3*V4+age*age=> V1 + V3 =5-3=2  */
        cptcovt= j+1; /* Number of total covariates in the model, not including
-                    * cst, age and age*age
+                      * cst, age and age*age
-                    * V1+V1*age+ V3 + V3*V4+age*age=> 4*/
+                      * V1+V1*age+ V3 + V3*V4+age*age=> 3+1=4*/
-                   /* including age products which are counted in cptcovage.
+       /* including age products which are counted in cptcovage.
-                   * but the covariates which are products must be treated
+        * but the covariates which are products must be treated
-                   * separately: ncovn=4- 2=2 (V1+V3). */
+        * separately: ncovn=4- 2=2 (V1+V3). */
        cptcovprod=j1; /**< Number of products  V1*V2 +v3*age = 2 */
        cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age: V3*V4 =1  */
        /*   Design
         *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9 Weight
         *  <          ncovcol=8                >
- Line 6496  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
+ Line 7847  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
         *   k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8
         *  cptcovn number of covariates (not including constant and age ) = # of + plus 1 = 7+1=8
         *  covar[k,i], value of kth covariate if not including age for individual i:
-        *       covar[1][i]= (V2), covar[4][i]=(V3), covar[8][i]=(V8)
+        *       covar[1][i]= (V1), covar[4][i]=(V4), covar[8][i]=(V8)
-        *  Tvar[k] # of the kth covariate:  Tvar[1]=2  Tvar[4]=3 Tvar[8]=8
+        *  Tvar[k] # of the kth covariate:  Tvar[1]=2  Tvar[2]=1 Tvar[4]=3 Tvar[8]=8
         *       if multiplied by age: V3*age Tvar[3=V3*age]=3 (V3) Tvar[7]=8 and
         *  Tage[++cptcovage]=k
         *       if products, new covar are created after ncovcol with k1
- Line 6522  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
+ Line 7873  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
         *       {2,   1,     4,      8,    5,      6,     3,       7}
         * Struct []
         */
        /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
        /* j is the number of + signs in the model V1+V2+V3 j=2 i=3 to 1 */
        /*   modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4  */
- Line 6537  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
+ Line 7888  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[Tage[k])]]*cov[2]; */
        /*
         * Treating invertedly V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is as if written V2*V4 +V3*age + V1 + V2 */
-       for(k=cptcovt; k>=1;k--) /**< Number of covariates */
+       for(k=cptcovt; k>=1;k--){ /**< Number of covariates not including constant and age, neither age*age*/
-         Tvar[k]=0;
+         Tvar[k]=0; Tprod[k]=0; Tposprod[k]=0;
+       }
        cptcovage=0;
        for(k=1; k<=cptcovt;k++){ /* Loop on total covariates of the model */
          cutl(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the first '+'
- Line 6553  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
+ Line 7905  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
              cptcovprod--;
              cutl(stre,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd=V3(input): stre="3" */
              Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);  /* V2+V1+V4+V3*age Tvar[4]=3 ; V1+V2*age Tvar[2]=2; V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1 */
+             Typevar[k]=1;  /* 1 for age product */
              cptcovage++; /* Sums the number of covariates which include age as a product */
              Tage[cptcovage]=k;  /* Tvar[4]=3, Tage[1] = 4 or V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1, Tage[1]=2 */
              /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
- Line 6560  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
+ Line 7913  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
              cptcovprod--;
              cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V');
              Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);
+             Typevar[k]=1;  /* 1 for age product */
              cptcovage++;
              Tage[cptcovage]=k;
            } else {  /* Age is not in the model product V2+V1+V1*V4+V3*age+V3*V2  strb=V3*V2*/
- Line 6567  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
+ Line 7921  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
              cptcovn++;
              cptcovprodnoage++;k1++;
              cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n; strb=V3*V2 stre=3 strc=*/
-             Tvar[k]=ncovcol+k1; /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
+             Tvar[k]=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv+k1; /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
                                     because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
-                                    ncovcol + k1
+                                    which is after existing variables ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv + k1
                                     If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2
                                     Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 Tvar[5=V3*V2]=4 + 2= 6, etc */
+             Typevar[k]=2;  /* 2 for double fixed dummy covariates */
              cutl(strc,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
              Tprod[k1]=k;  /* Tprod[1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2  */
+             Tposprod[k]=k1; /* Tpsprod[3]=1, Tposprod[2]=5 */
              Tvard[k1][1] =atoi(strc); /* m 1 for V1*/
              Tvard[k1][2] =atoi(stre); /* n 4 for V4*/
-             k2=k2+2;
+             k2=k2+2;  /* k2 is initialize to -1, We want to store the n and m in Vn*Vm at the end of Tvar */
-             Tvar[cptcovt+k2]=Tvard[k1][1]; /* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+k2=1)=5]= 1 (V1) */
+             /* Tvar[cptcovt+k2]=Tvard[k1][1]; /\* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+k2=1)=5]= 1 (V1) *\/ */
-             Tvar[cptcovt+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];  /* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+(k2=1)+1)=6]= 4 (V4) */
+             /* Tvar[cptcovt+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];  /\* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+(k2=1)+1)=6]= 4 (V4) *\/ */
+             /*ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2, Tvar[3]=5, Tvar[4]=6, cptcovt=5 */
+             /*                     1  2   3      4     5 | Tvar[5+1)=1, Tvar[7]=2   */
              for (i=1; i<=lastobs;i++){
                /* Computes the new covariate which is a product of
                   covar[n][i]* covar[m][i] and stores it at ncovol+k1 May not be defined */
- Line 6590  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
+ Line 7948  int decodemodel ( char model[], int last
            /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
            /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
            cutl(strd,strc,strb,'V');
-           ks++; /**< Number of simple covariates */
+           ks++; /**< Number of simple covariates dummy or quantitative, fixe or varying */
-           cptcovn++;
+           cptcovn++; /** V4+V3+V5: V4 and V3 timevarying dummy covariates, V5 timevarying quantitative */
            Tvar[k]=atoi(strd);
+           Typevar[k]=0;  /* 0 for simple covariates */
          }
          strcpy(modelsav,stra);  /* modelsav=V2+V1+V4 stra=V2+V1+V4 */
-         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
+                                 /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
-           scanf("%d",i);*/
+                                   scanf("%d",i);*/
        } /* end of loop + on total covariates */
      } /* end if strlen(modelsave == 0) age*age might exist */
    } /* end if strlen(model == 0) */
    /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
      If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
    /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
-   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
+      printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
-   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
+      fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
+      scanf("%d ",i);*/
-   scanf("%d ",i);*/
+ /* Decodemodel knows only the grammar (simple, product, age*) of the model but not what kind
+    of variable (dummy vs quantitative, fixed vs time varying) is behind */
+ /* ncovcol= 1, nqv=1 | ntv=2, nqtv= 1  = 5 possible variables data: 2 fixed 3, varying
+    model=        V5 + V4 +V3 + V4*V3 + V5*age + V2 + V1*V2 + V1*age + V5*age, V1 is not used saving its place
+    k =           1    2   3     4       5       6      7      8        9
+    Tvar[k]=      5    4   3 1+1+2+1+1=6 5       2      7      1        5
+    Typevar[k]=   0    0   0     2       1       0      2      1        1
+    Fixed[k]      1    1   1     1       3       0    0 or 2   2        3
+    Dummy[k]      1    0   0     0       3       1      1      2        3
+           Tmodelind[combination of covar]=k;
+ */
+ /* Dispatching between quantitative and time varying covariates */
+   /* If Tvar[k] >ncovcol it is a product */
+   /* Tvar[k] is the value n of Vn with n varying for 1 to nvcol, or p  Vp=Vn*Vm for product */
+         /* Computing effective variables, ie used by the model, that is from the cptcovt variables */
+   printf("Model=%s\n\
+ Typevar: 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product \n\
+ Fixed[k] 0=fixed (product or simple), 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product \n\
+ Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product\n",model);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Model=%s\n\
+ Typevar: 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product \n\
+ Fixed[k] 0=fixed (product or simple), 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product \n\
+ Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product\n",model);
+   for(k=1, ncoveff=0, nqfveff=0, ntveff=0, nqtveff=0;k<=cptcovt; k++){ /* or cptocvt */
+     if (Tvar[k] <=ncovcol && (Typevar[k]==0 || Typevar[k]==2)){ /* Simple or product fixed dummy covariatee */
+       Fixed[k]= 0;
+       Dummy[k]= 0;
+       ncoveff++;
+     }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv && Typevar[k]==0){ /* Remind that product Vn*Vm are added in k*/
+       Fixed[k]= 0;
+       Dummy[k]= 1;
+       nqfveff++;  /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
+     }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv && Typevar[k]==0){
+       Fixed[k]= 1;
+       Dummy[k]= 0;
+       ntveff++; /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
+     }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv  && Typevar[k]==0){
+         Fixed[k]= 1;
+         Dummy[k]= 1;
+         nqtveff++;/* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
+     }else if (Typevar[k] == 1) {  /* product with age */
+       if (Tvar[k] <=ncovcol ){ /* Simple or product fixed dummy covariatee */
+         Fixed[k]= 2;
+         Dummy[k]= 2;
+         /* ncoveff++; */
+       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv) { /* Remind that product Vn*Vm are added in k*/
+         Fixed[k]= 2;
+         Dummy[k]= 3;
+         /* nqfveff++;  /\* Only simple fixed quantitative variable *\/ */
+       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv ){
+         Fixed[k]= 3;
+         Dummy[k]= 2;
+         /* ntveff++; /\* Only simple time varying dummy variable *\/ */
+       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
+         Fixed[k]= 3;
+         Dummy[k]= 3;
+         /* nqtveff++;/\* Only simple time varying quantitative variable *\/ */
+       }
+     }else if (Typevar[k] == 2) {  /* product without age */
+       k1=Tposprod[k];
+       if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol){
+         if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 0;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
+           Fixed[k]= 0;  /* or 2 ?*/
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 0;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }
+       }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv){
+         if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
+           Fixed[k]= 0;  /* or 2 ?*/
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
+           Fixed[k]= 0; /* or 2 ?*/
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }
+       }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
+         if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 0;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }
+       }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
+         if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
+           Fixed[k]= 1;
+           Dummy[k]= 1;
+         }
+       }else{
+         printf("Error unknown type of covariate: Tvard[%d][1]=%d,Tvard[%d][2]=%d\n",k1,Tvard[k1][1],k1,Tvard[k1][2]);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Error unknown type of covariate: Tvard[%d][1]=%d,Tvard[%d][2]=%d\n",k1,Tvard[k1][1],k1,Tvard[k1][2]);
+       } /* end k1 */
+     }else{
+       printf("Error, current version can't treat for performance reasons, Tvar[%d]=%d, Typevar[%d]=%d\n", k, Tvar[k], k, Typevar[k]);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Error, current version can't treat for performance reasons, Tvar[%d]=%d, Typevar[%d]=%d\n", k, Tvar[k], k, Typevar[k]);
+     }
+     printf("Decodemodel, k=%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d,Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",k, k,Tvar[k],Typevar[k],Fixed[k],Dummy[k]);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Decodemodel, k=%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d,Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",k, k,Tvar[k],Typevar[k],Fixed[k],Dummy[k]);
+   }
+   /* Searching for doublons in the model */
+   for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt;k1++){
+     for(k2=1; k2 <k1;k2++){
+       if((Typevar[k1]==Typevar[k2]) && (Fixed[Tvar[k1]]==Fixed[Tvar[k2]]) && (Dummy[Tvar[k1]]==Dummy[Tvar[k2]] )){
+         if((Typevar[k1] == 0 || Typevar[k1] == 1)){ /* Simple or age product */
+           if(Tvar[k1]==Tvar[k2]){
+             printf("Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n", model, k1,k2, k1, Tvar[k1], k2, Tvar[k2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]);
+             fprintf(ficlog,"Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n", model, k1,k2, k1, Tvar[k1], k2, Tvar[k2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]); fflush(ficlog);
+             return(1);
+           }
+         }else if (Typevar[k1] ==2){
+           k3=Tposprod[k1];
+           k4=Tposprod[k2];
+           if( ((Tvard[k3][1]== Tvard[k4][1])&&(Tvard[k3][2]== Tvard[k4][2])) || ((Tvard[k3][1]== Tvard[k4][2])&&(Tvard[k3][2]== Tvard[k4][1])) ){
+             printf("Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, V%d*V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",model, k1,k2, Tvard[k3][1], Tvard[k3][2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]);
+             fprintf(ficlog,"Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, V%d*V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",model, k1,k2, Tvard[k3][1], Tvard[k3][2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]); fflush(ficlog);
+             return(1);
+           }
+         }
+       }
+     }
+   }
+   printf("ncoveff=%d, nqfveff=%d, ntveff=%d, nqtveff=%d, cptcovn=%d\n",ncoveff,nqfveff,ntveff,nqtveff,cptcovn);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"ncoveff=%d, nqfveff=%d, ntveff=%d, nqtveff=%d, cptcovn=%d\n",ncoveff,nqfveff,ntveff,nqtveff,cptcovn);
    return (0); /* with covar[new additional covariate if product] and Tage if age */
    /*endread:*/
-     printf("Exiting decodemodel: ");
+   printf("Exiting decodemodel: ");
-     return (1);
+   return (1);
  }
  int calandcheckages(int imx, int maxwav, double *agemin, double *agemax, int *nberr, int *nbwarn )
  {
    int i, m;
+   int firstone=0;
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
        if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
          anint[m][i]=9999;
-         s[m][i]=-1;
+         if (s[m][i] != -2) /* Keeping initial status of unknown vital status */
+           s[m][i]=-1;
        }
        if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
          *nberr = *nberr + 1;
-         printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased (%d)\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i, *nberr);
+         if(firstone == 0){
-         fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased (%d)\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i, *nberr);
+           firstone=1;
+         printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results can be biased (%d) because status is a death state %d at wave %d. Wave dropped.\nOther similar cases in log file\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i, *nberr,s[m][i],m);
+         }
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results can be biased (%d) because status is a death state %d at wave %d. Wave dropped.\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i, *nberr,s[m][i],m);
          s[m][i]=-1;
        }
        if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
- Line 6916  void syscompilerinfo(int logged)
+ Line 8431  void syscompilerinfo(int logged)
  #endif
-  }
+ }
-  int prevalence_limit(double *p, double **prlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp){
+ int prevalence_limit(double *p, double **prlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp){
    /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
    int i, j, k, i1 ;
    /* double ftolpl = 1.e-10; */
- Line 6931  void syscompilerinfo(int logged)
+ Line 8446  void syscompilerinfo(int logged)
      printf("Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
    }
-   printf("Computing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
+   printf("\nComputing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
-   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
    pstamp(ficrespl);
    fprintf(ficrespl,"# Period (stable) prevalence. Precision given by ftolpl=%g \n", ftolpl);
    fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
    fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
-     /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
+   /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
-     agebase=ageminpar;
+   agebase=ageminpar;
-     agelim=agemaxpar;
+   agelim=agemaxpar;
-     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
+   /* i1=pow(2,ncoveff); */
-     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
+   i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of dummy covariates */
+   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
-     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
-     /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=1;cptcov++){ */
+   for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
-       //for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
+   /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
-         k=k+1;
+     /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=1;cptcov++){ */
-         /* to clean */
+     //for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
-         //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
+     /* k=k+1; */
-         fprintf(ficrespl,"#******");
+     /* to clean */
-         printf("#******");
+     //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
-         fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
+     fprintf(ficrespl,"#******");
-         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
+     printf("#******");
-           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
-           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+     for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff ;j++) {/* all covariates */
-           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+       fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); /* Here problem for varying dummy*/
-         }
+       printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
-         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
+       fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
-         printf("******\n");
+     }
-         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
+     fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
+     printf("******\n");
-         fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
+     fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
-         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
+     if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
-           fprintf(ficrespl,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+       printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k);
-         }
+       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k);
-         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\nCombination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k);
-         fprintf(ficrespl,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
+                                                 continue;
+     }
-         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
-         /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
+     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
-           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
+     for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
-           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
+       fprintf(ficrespl,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
-           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+     }
-             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
-           tot=0.;
+     fprintf(ficrespl,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
-           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
-             tot +=  prlim[i][i];
+     for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
-             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
+       /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
-           }
+       prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
-           fprintf(ficrespl," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
+       fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
-         } /* Age */
+       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
-         /* was end of cptcod */
+         fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
-     } /* cptcov */
+       tot=0.;
-         return 0;
+       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+         tot +=  prlim[i][i];
+         fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
+       }
+       fprintf(ficrespl," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
+     } /* Age */
+     /* was end of cptcod */
+   } /* cptcov */
+   return 0;
+ }
+ int back_prevalence_limit(double *p, double **bprlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass, int mobilavproj){
+         /*--------------- Back Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
+         /* Computes the back prevalence limit  for any combination      of covariate values
+    * at any age between ageminpar and agemaxpar
+          */
+   int i, j, k, i1 ;
+   /* double ftolpl = 1.e-10; */
+   double age, agebase, agelim;
+   double tot;
+   /* double ***mobaverage; */
+   /* double      **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm;  /\* for use *\/ */
+   strcpy(fileresplb,"PLB_");
+   strcat(fileresplb,fileresu);
+   if((ficresplb=fopen(fileresplb,"w"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with period (stable) back prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresplb);return 1;
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with period (stable) back prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresplb);return 1;
+   }
+   printf("Computing period (stable) back prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", fileresplb);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing period (stable) back prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", fileresplb);
+   pstamp(ficresplb);
+   fprintf(ficresplb,"# Period (stable) back prevalence. Precision given by ftolpl=%g \n", ftolpl);
+   fprintf(ficresplb,"#Age ");
+   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficresplb,"%d-%d ",i,i);
+   fprintf(ficresplb,"\n");
+   /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
+   agebase=ageminpar;
+   agelim=agemaxpar;
+   i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
+   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
+   for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
+     //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
+     fprintf(ficresplb,"#******");
+     printf("#******");
+     fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
+     for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff ;j++) {/* all covariates */
+       fprintf(ficresplb," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+       printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+       fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+     }
+     fprintf(ficresplb,"******\n");
+     printf("******\n");
+     fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
+     if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
+       printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k);
+       fprintf(ficresplb,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k);
+       continue;
+     }
+     fprintf(ficresplb,"#Age ");
+     for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
+       fprintf(ficresplb,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+     }
+     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficresplb,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
+     fprintf(ficresplb,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
+     for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
+       /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
+       if(mobilavproj > 0){
+         /* bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, ageminpar, agemaxpar, oldm, savm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
+         /* bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
+         bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
+       }else if (mobilavproj == 0){
+         printf("There is no chance to get back prevalence limit if data aren't non zero and summing to 1, please try a non null mobil_average(=%d) parameter or mobil_average=-1 if you want to try at your own risk.\n",mobilavproj);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"There is no chance to get back prevalence limit if data aren't non zero and summing to 1, please try a non null mobil_average(=%d) parameter or mobil_average=-1 if you want to try at your own risk.\n",mobilavproj);
+         exit(1);
+       }else{
+         /* bprevalim(bprlim, probs, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
+         bprevalim(bprlim, probs, nlstate, p, age, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
+       }
+       fprintf(ficresplb,"%.0f ",age );
+       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+         fprintf(ficresplb,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+       tot=0.;
+       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+         tot +=  bprlim[i][i];
+         fprintf(ficresplb," %.5f", bprlim[i][i]);
+       }
+       fprintf(ficresplb," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
+     } /* Age */
+     /* was end of cptcod */
+   } /* cptcov */
+   /* hBijx(p, bage, fage); */
+   /* fclose(ficrespijb); */
+   return 0;
  }
  int hPijx(double *p, int bage, int fage){
      /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
- Line 7016  int hPijx(double *p, int bage, int fage)
+ Line 8637  int hPijx(double *p, int bage, int fage)
      agelim=AGESUP;
      hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */
      /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
      pstamp(ficrespij);
      fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
      i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
-    /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
+                 /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
-    /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
+                 /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
-    /*   k=k+1;  */
+                 /*      k=k+1;  */
      for (k=1; k <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); k++){
        fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
- Line 7057  int hPijx(double *p, int bage, int fage)
+ Line 8678  int hPijx(double *p, int bage, int fage)
        }
        /*}*/
      }
-         return 0;
+     return 0;
  }
+  int hBijx(double *p, int bage, int fage, double ***prevacurrent){
+     /*------------- h Bij x at various ages ------------*/
+   int stepsize;
+   /* int agelim; */
+         int ageminl;
+   int hstepm;
+   int nhstepm;
+   int h, i, i1, j, k;
+   double agedeb;
+   double ***p3mat;
+   strcpy(filerespijb,"PIJB_");  strcat(filerespijb,fileresu);
+   if((ficrespijb=fopen(filerespijb,"w"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with Pij back resultfile: %s\n", filerespijb); return 1;
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij back resultfile: %s\n", filerespijb); return 1;
+   }
+   printf("Computing pij back: result on file '%s' \n", filerespijb);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij back: result on file '%s' \n", filerespijb);
+   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
+   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
+   /* agelim=AGESUP; */
+   ageminl=30;
+   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
+   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */
+   /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
+   pstamp(ficrespijb);
+   fprintf(ficrespijb,"#****** h Pij x Back Probability to be in state i at age x-h being in j at x ");
+   i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
+   /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
+   /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
+   /*    k=k+1;  */
+   for (k=1; k <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); k++){
+     fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n#****** ");
+     for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+       fprintf(ficrespijb,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+     fprintf(ficrespijb,"******\n");
+     if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
+       fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k);
+       continue;
+     }
+     /* for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /\* If stepm=6 months *\/ */
+     for (agedeb=bage; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){ /* If stepm=6 months and estepm=24 (2 years) */
+       /* nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /\* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 *\/ */
+       nhstepm=(int) rint((agedeb-ageminl)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */
+       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10, because estepm=24 stepm=6 => hstepm=24/6=4 */
+       /*          nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
+       p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+       /* oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
+       /* hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
+       hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm, k);
+       /* hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, k); */
+       fprintf(ficrespijb,"# Cov Agex agex-h hpijx with i,j=");
+       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
+           fprintf(ficrespijb," %1d-%1d",i,j);
+       fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
+       for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+         /*agedebphstep = agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm;*/
+         fprintf(ficrespijb,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb - h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
+         /* fprintf(ficrespijb,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ); */
+         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
+             fprintf(ficrespijb," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
+         fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
+       }
+       free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+       fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
+     }
+     /*}*/
+   }
+   return 0;
+  } /*  hBijx */
  /***********************************************/
- Line 7091  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+ Line 8793  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    double agedeb=0.;
    double ageminpar=AGEOVERFLOW,agemin=AGEOVERFLOW, agemaxpar=-AGEOVERFLOW, agemax=-AGEOVERFLOW;
+   double ageminout=-AGEOVERFLOW,agemaxout=AGEOVERFLOW; /* Smaller Age range redefined after movingaverage */
    double fret;
    double dum=0.; /* Dummy variable */
    double ***p3mat;
-   double ***mobaverage;
+   /* double ***mobaverage; */
    char line[MAXLINE];
    char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE];
- Line 7111  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+ Line 8814  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    int *tab;
    int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
+   int backcast=0;
    int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
    int hstepm=0, nhstepm=0;
    int agemortsup;
- Line 7121  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+ Line 8825  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    double bage=0, fage=110., age, agelim=0., agebase=0.;
    double ftolpl=FTOL;
    double **prlim;
+   double **bprlim;
    double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
    double  *p;
    double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
- Line 7132  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+ Line 8837  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    double *epj, vepp;
    double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
+   double jback1=1,mback1=1,anback1=2000,jback2=1,mback2=1,anback2=2000;
    double **ximort;
    char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4]="1234";
    int *dcwave;
- Line 7333  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+ Line 9040  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      }else
        break;
    }
-   if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"ftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n", \
+   if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"ftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n", \
-                         &ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate, &ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt)) !=EOF){
+                         &ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nqv, &ntv, &nqtv, &nlstate, &ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt)) !=EOF){
-     if (num_filled != 8) {
+     if (num_filled != 11) {
-       printf("Not 8 parameters, for example:ftol=1.e-8 stepm=12 ncovcol=2 nlstate=2 ndeath=1 maxwav=3 mle=1 weight=1\n");
+       printf("Not 11 parameters, for example:ftol=1.e-8 stepm=12 ncovcol=2 nqv=1 ntv=2 nqtv=1  nlstate=2 ndeath=1 maxwav=3 mle=1 weight=1\n");
        printf("but line=%s\n",line);
      }
-     printf("ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
+     printf("ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
    }
    /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
    /*ftolpl=6.e-4; *//* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
- Line 7377  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+ Line 9084  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    /* fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=1+age+%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model); */
    /* numlinepar=numlinepar+3; /\* In general *\/ */
    /* printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
-   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
+   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
-   fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
    fflush(ficlog);
    /* if(model[0]=='#'|| model[0]== '\0'){ */
    if(model[0]=='#'){
- Line 7407  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+ Line 9114  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);  /**< used in readdata */
+   coqvar=matrix(1,nqv,1,n);  /**< Fixed quantitative covariate */
+   cotvar=ma3x(1,maxwav,1,ntv,1,n);  /**< Time varying covariate */
+   cotqvar=ma3x(1,maxwav,1,nqtv,1,n);  /**< Time varying quantitative covariate */
    cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement plus one, indepently of n in Vn*/
    /* v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes cptcovn = 5
       v1+v2*age+v2*v3 makes cptcovn = 3
- Line 7436  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+ Line 9146  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      fclose (ficlog);
      goto end;
      exit(0);
-   }
+   }  else if(mle==-5) { /* Main Wizard */
-   else if(mle==-3) { /* Main Wizard */
      prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
      printf(" You chose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
      fprintf(ficlog," You chose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
      param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
      matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
      hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
-   }
+   }  else{ /* Begin of mle != -1 or -5 */
-   else{
      /* Read guessed parameters */
      /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
- Line 7460  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+ Line 9168  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
      for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
-       j=0;
+                         j=0;
        for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
-         if(jj==i) continue;
+                                 if(jj==i) continue;
-         j++;
+                                 j++;
-         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
+                                 fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
-         if ((i1 != i) || (j1 != jj)){
+                                 if ((i1 != i) || (j1 != jj)){
-           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n \
+                                         printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n \
  It might be a problem of design; if ncovcol and the model are correct\n \
  run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
-           exit(1);
+                                         exit(1);
-         }
+                                 }
-         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
+                                 fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
-         if(mle==1)
+                                 if(mle==1)
-           printf("%1d%1d",i,jj);
+                                         printf("%1d%1d",i,jj);
-         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,jj);
+                                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,jj);
-         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
+                                 for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
-           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
+                                         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
-           if(mle==1){
+                                         if(mle==1){
-             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
+                                                 printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
-             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
+                                                 fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
-           }
+                                         }
-           else
+                                         else
-             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
+                                                 fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
-           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
+                                         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
-         }
+                                 }
-         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
+                                 fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
-         numlinepar++;
+                                 numlinepar++;
-         if(mle==1)
+                                 if(mle==1)
-           printf("\n");
+                                         printf("\n");
-         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+                                 fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
-         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
+                                 fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
        }
      }
      fflush(ficlog);
- Line 7511  run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct t
+ Line 9219  run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct t
      for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
        for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
-         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
+                                 fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
-         if ( (i1-i) * (j1-j) != 0){
+                                 if ( (i1-i) * (j1-j) != 0){
-           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
+                                         printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
-           exit(1);
+                                         exit(1);
-         }
+                                 }
-         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
+                                 printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
-         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
+                                 fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
-         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
+                                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
-         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
+                                 for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
-           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
+                                         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
-           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
+                                         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
-           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
+                                         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
-           fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
+                                         fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
-         }
+                                 }
-         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
+                                 fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
-         numlinepar++;
+                                 numlinepar++;
-         printf("\n");
+                                 printf("\n");
-         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
+                                 fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
-         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+                                 fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
        }
      }
      fflush(ficlog);
      /* Reads covariance matrix */
      delti=delti3[1][1];
      /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
      /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
        ungetc(c,ficpar);
- Line 7550  run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct t
+ Line 9258  run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct t
        fputs(line,ficlog);
      }
      ungetc(c,ficpar);
      matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
      hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
      for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
        for(j=1; j <=npar; j++) matcov[i][j]=0.;
      /* Scans npar lines */
      for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
-       count=fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d%1d",&i1,&j1,&jk);
+       count=fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d%d",&i1,&j1,&jk);
        if(count != 3){
          printf("Error! Error in parameter file %s at line %d after line starting with %1d%1d%1d\n\
  This is probably because your covariance matrix doesn't \n  contain exactly %d lines corresponding to your model line '1+age+%s'.\n\
- Line 7567  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9275  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
  This is probably because your covariance matrix doesn't \n  contain exactly %d lines corresponding to your model line '1+age+%s'.\n\
  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",optionfile,numlinepar, i1,j1,jk, npar, model);
          exit(1);
-       }else
+       }else{
-       if(mle==1)
+         if(mle==1)
-         printf("%1d%1d%1d",i1,j1,jk);
+           printf("%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
-       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%1d",i1,j1,jk);
+       }
-       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%1d",i1,j1,jk);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
+       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
        for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
          fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
          if(mle==1){
- Line 7583  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9292  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
        fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
        numlinepar++;
        if(mle==1)
-         printf("\n");
+                                 printf("\n");
        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
        fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
      }
- Line 7609  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9318  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      }
      fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
    }    /* End of mle != -3 */
    /*  Main data
     */
    n= lastobs;
- Line 7618  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9327  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
    annais=vector(1,n);
    moisdc=vector(1,n);
    andc=vector(1,n);
+   weight=vector(1,n);
    agedc=vector(1,n);
    cod=ivector(1,n);
-   weight=vector(1,n);
+   for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
-   for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
+                 num[i]=0;
+                 moisnais[i]=0;
+                 annais[i]=0;
+                 moisdc[i]=0;
+                 andc[i]=0;
+                 agedc[i]=0;
+                 cod[i]=0;
+                 weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
+         }
    mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
    anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
    s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n); /* s[i][j] health state for wave i and individual j */
- Line 7641  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9359  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
          k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2)
      */
    Tvar=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Was 15 changed to NCOVMAX. */
+   Typevar=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 2 */
+   Fixed=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 3 */
+   Dummy=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 3 */
    /*  V2+V1+V4+age*V3 is a model with 4 covariates (3 plus signs).
        For each model-covariate stores the data-covariate id. Tvar[1]=2, Tvar[2]=1, Tvar[3]=4,
        Tvar[4=age*V3] is 3 and 'age' is recorded in Tage.
- Line 7650  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9371  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      ncovcol + k1
      If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
      Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 etc */
-   Tprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the position of a product */
+   Tprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the k position of the k1 product */
+   Tposprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the k1 product from the k position */
    /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
       if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2)
+      Tposprod[k]=k1 , Tposprod[3]=1, Tposprod[5]=2
    */
    Tvaraff=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Unclear */
    Tvard=imatrix(1,NCOVMAX,1,2); /* n=Tvard[k1][1]  and m=Tvard[k1][2] gives the couple n,m of the k1 th product Vn*Vm
- Line 7662  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9385  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
 covariates (3 plus signs)
                           Tage[1=V3*age]= 4; Tage[2=age*V4] = 3
                        */
+   Tmodelind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);/** five the k model position of an
+                                 * individual dummy, fixed or varying:
+                                 * Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9,Tvaraff[1]@9={4,
+                                 * 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+                                 * model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/
  /* Main decodemodel */
-   if(decodemodel(model, lastobs) == 1)
+   if(decodemodel(model, lastobs) == 1) /* In order to get Tvar[k] V4+V3+V5 p Tvar[1]@3  = {4, 3, 5}*/
      goto end;
    if((double)(lastobs-imx)/(double)imx > 1.10){
- Line 7718  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9445  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
    free_vector(andc,1,n);
    /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
    nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
    ncodemax[1]=1;
    Ndum =ivector(-1,NCOVMAX);
-   if (ncovmodel-nagesqr > 2 ) /* That is if covariate other than cst, age and age*age */
+   cptcoveff=0;
-     tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx, Ndum); /**< Fills nbcode[Tvar[j]][l]; */
+   if (ncovmodel-nagesqr > 2 ){ /* That is if covariate other than cst, age and age*age */
+     tricode(&cptcoveff,Tvar,nbcode,imx, Ndum); /**< Fills nbcode[Tvar[j]][l]; */
+   }
+   ncovcombmax=pow(2,cptcoveff);
+   invalidvarcomb=ivector(1, ncovcombmax);
+   for(i=1;i<ncovcombmax;i++)
+     invalidvarcomb[i]=0;
    /* Nbcode gives the value of the lth modality (currently 1 to 2) of jth covariate, in
       V2+V1*age, there are 3 covariates Tvar[2]=1 (V1).*/
    /* 1 to ncodemax[j] which is the maximum value of this jth covariate */
    /*  codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);*/ /* codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) */
    /*printf(" codtab[1,1],codtab[100,10]=%d,%d\n", codtab[1][1],codtabm(100,10));*/
    /* codtab gives the value 1 or 2 of the hth combination of k covariates (1 or 2).*/
- Line 7739  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9473  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
     */
    h=0;
    /*if (cptcovn > 0) */
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
            /**< codtab(h,k)  k   = codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) + 1
- Line 7784  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9514  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
       *              bbbbbbbb
       *              76543210
       *   h-1        00000101 (6-1=5)
-      *(h-1)>>(k-1)= 00000001 >> (2-1) = 1 right shift
+      *(h-1)>>(k-1)= 00000010 >> (2-1) = 1 right shift
       *           &
       *     1        00000001 (1)
-      *              00000001        = 1 & ((h-1) >> (k-1))
+      *              00000000        = 1 & ((h-1) >> (k-1))
-      *          +1= 00000010 =2
+      *          +1= 00000001 =1
       *
       * h=14, k=3 => h'=h-1=13, k'=k-1=2
       *          h'      1101 =2^3+2^2+0x2^1+2^0
- Line 7810  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9540  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
       *                  2211
       *                  V1=1+1, V2=0+1, V3=1+1, V4=1+1
       *                  V3=2
+                  * codtabm and decodtabm are identical
       */
-   /* /\* for(h=1; h <=100 ;h++){  *\/ */
-   /*   /\* printf("h=%2d ", h); *\/ */
-   /*    /\* for(k=1; k <=10; k++){ *\/ */
-   /*      /\* printf("k=%d %d ",k,codtabm(h,k)); *\/ */
-   /*    /\*   codtab[h][k]=codtabm(h,k); *\/ */
-   /*    /\* } *\/ */
-   /*    /\* printf("\n"); *\/ */
-   /* } */
-   /* for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){ /\* scans any effective covariate *\/ */
-   /*   for(i=1; i <=pow(2,cptcoveff-k);i++){ /\* i=1 to 8/1=8; i=1 to 8/2=4; i=1 to 8/8=1 *\/  */
-   /*     for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){ /\* For each modality of this covariate ncodemax=2*\/ */
-   /*    for(cpt=1; cpt <=pow(2,k-1); cpt++){  /\* cpt=1 to 8/2**(3+1-1 or 3+1-3) =1 or 4 *\/  */
-   /*      h++; */
-   /*      if (h>m)  */
-   /*        h=1; */
-   /*      codtab[h][k]=j; */
-   /*      /\* codtab[12][3]=1; *\/ */
-   /*      /\*codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;*\/ */
-   /*      /\* printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d Tvar[k]=%d codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k],codtab[h][Tvar[k]]); *\/ */
-   /*    }  */
-   /*     } */
-   /*   } */
-   /* }  */
-   /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);
-      codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
-   /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){  */
-   /*    for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){ */
-   /*      printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff); */
-   /*    } */
-   /*    printf("\n"); */
-   /* } */
-   /*   scanf("%d",i);*/
   free_ivector(Ndum,-1,NCOVMAX);
- Line 7918  Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d La
+ Line 9617  Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d La
  #endif
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
+                  and for any valid combination of covariates
       and prints on file fileres'p'. */
-   freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\
+   freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvaraff, invalidvarcomb, nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart, \
                firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model);
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
- Line 7929  Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.
+ Line 9629  Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.
  Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
            imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
    pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
-     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
+         oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
-     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
+         newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
-     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
+         savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
-     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
+         oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
    /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
       so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
    p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
- Line 7943  Interval (in months) between two waves:
+ Line 9642  Interval (in months) between two waves:
    /* For mortality only */
    if (mle==-3){
      ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
+                 for(i=1;i<=NDIM;i++)
+                         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
+                                 ximort[i][j]=0.;
      /*     ximort=gsl_matrix_alloc(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); */
      cens=ivector(1,n);
      ageexmed=vector(1,n);
      agecens=vector(1,n);
      dcwave=ivector(1,n);
      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        dcwave[i]=-1;
        for (m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++)
- Line 7958  Interval (in months) between two waves:
+ Line 9660  Interval (in months) between two waves:
            break;
          }
      }
      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
        if (wav[i]>0){
          ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
          j=wav[i];
          agecens[i]=1.;
          if (ageexmed[i]> 1 && wav[i] > 0){
            agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
            cens[i]= 1;
- Line 8091  Interval (in months) between two waves:
+ Line 9793  Interval (in months) between two waves:
      for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
        for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
-         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
+                                 matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
      printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
      fprintf(ficlog,"\nCovariance matrix\n ");
      for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
        for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){
-         printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
+                                 printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
-         fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",matcov[i][j]);
+                                 fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",matcov[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n ");  fprintf(ficlog,"\n ");
      }
- Line 8139  Interval (in months) between two waves:
+ Line 9841  Interval (in months) between two waves:
      replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
+                 ageminpar=50;
+                 agemaxpar=100;
      if(ageminpar == AGEOVERFLOW ||agemaxpar == AGEOVERFLOW){
          printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
  This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
- Line 8146  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9850  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
  This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
-     }else
+     }else{
+                         printf("Warning! ageminpar %f and agemaxpar %f have been fixed because for simplification until it is fixed...\n\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
+                         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! ageminpar %f and agemaxpar %f have been fixed because for simplification until it is fixed...\n\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
        printinggnuplotmort(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
+                 }
      printinghtmlmort(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                       stepm, weightopt,\
                       model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
- Line 8155  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9862  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      free_vector(lsurv,1,AGESUP);
      free_vector(lpop,1,AGESUP);
      free_vector(tpop,1,AGESUP);
- #ifdef GSL
+     free_matrix(ximort,1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
      free_ivector(cens,1,n);
      free_vector(agecens,1,n);
      free_ivector(dcwave,1,n);
-     free_matrix(ximort,1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
+ #ifdef GSL
  #endif
    } /* Endof if mle==-3 mortality only */
    /* Standard  */
- Line 8188  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9895  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      printf("\n");
      /*--------- results files --------------*/
-     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
+     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
      fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
- Line 8234  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 9941  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
          }
        }
      } /* end of hesscov and Wald tests */
      /*  */
      fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
      printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
- Line 8343  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10050  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      fflush(ficlog);
      fflush(ficres);
-       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
+     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
-     /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
+       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
-     if (line[0] == '#') {
+       if (line[0] == '#') {
-       numlinepar++;
+         numlinepar++;
-       fputs(line,stdout);
+         fputs(line,stdout);
-       fputs(line,ficparo);
+         fputs(line,ficparo);
-       fputs(line,ficlog);
+         fputs(line,ficlog);
-       continue;
+         continue;
-     }else
+       }else
-       break;
+         break;
-   }
+     }
      /* while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){ */
      /*   ungetc(c,ficpar); */
      /*   fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar); */
- Line 8365  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10072  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      estepm=0;
      if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm, &ftolpl)) !=EOF){
-     if (num_filled != 6) {
+       if (num_filled != 6) {
-       printf("Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n");
+         printf("Error: Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",line);
-       printf("but line=%s\n",line);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",line);
-       goto end;
+         goto end;
+       }
+       printf("agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar, bage, fage, estepm, ftolpl);
      }
-     printf("agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar, bage, fage, estepm, ftolpl);
+     /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
-   }
+     /*ftolpl=6.e-4;*/ /* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
-   /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
-   /*ftolpl=6.e-4;*/ /* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
      /* fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm); */
      if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
      if (fage <= 2) {
- Line 8386  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10093  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
      fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d ftolpl=%e\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm, ftolpl);
      fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d, ftolpl=%e\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm, ftolpl);
      /* Other stuffs, more or less useful */
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
        ungetc(c,ficpar);
- Line 8434  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10141  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
      /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
+     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
+       ungetc(c,ficpar);
+       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
+       fputs(line,stdout);
+       fputs(line,ficparo);
+     }
+     ungetc(c,ficpar);
+     fscanf(ficpar,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&backcast,&jback1,&mback1,&anback1,&jback2,&mback2,&anback2,&mobilavproj);
+     fprintf(ficparo,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
+     fprintf(ficres,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
+     /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
-      /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint); */
+                 /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint); */
      /* ,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2); */
      replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
      if(ageminpar == AGEOVERFLOW ||agemaxpar == -AGEOVERFLOW){
-         printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
+                         printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
  This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
-         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
+                         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
  This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
-     }else
+     }else{
-       printinggnuplot(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, prevfcast, pathc,p);
+       printinggnuplot(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, prevfcast, backcast, pathc,p);
+     }
-     printinghtml(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
+     printinghtml(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt, \
-                  model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,prevfcast,estepm, \
+                  model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,prevfcast,backcast, estepm, \
                   jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,dateprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2,dateprev2);
-    /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
+     /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
-    /*  chdir(path); */
+     /*  chdir(path); */
      /* free_ivector(wav,1,imx); */  /* Moved after last prevalence call */
      /* free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); */
      /* free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); */
- Line 8467  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10187  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
      fclose(ficparo);
      fclose(ficres);
      /* Other results (useful)*/
      /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
      /*#include "prevlim.h"*/  /* Use ficrespl, ficlog */
      prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      prevalence_limit(p, prlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar, ftolpl, &ncvyear);
      fclose(ficrespl);
- #ifdef FREEEXIT2
- #include "freeexit2.h"
- #endif
      /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
      /*#include "hpijx.h"*/
      hPijx(p, bage, fage);
      fclose(ficrespij);
-   /*-------------- Variance of one-step probabilities---*/
+     /* ncovcombmax=  pow(2,cptcoveff); */
+     /*-------------- Variance of one-step probabilities---*/
      k=1;
      varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
+     /* Prevalence for each covariates in probs[age][status][cov] */
-     probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+     probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
      for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
-       for(j=1;j<=NCOVMAX;j++)
+       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* ndeath is useless but a necessity to be compared with mobaverages */
-         for(k=1;k<=NCOVMAX;k++)
+         for(k=1;k<=ncovcombmax;k++)
            probs[i][j][k]=0.;
+     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
+     if (mobilav!=0 ||mobilavproj !=0 ) {
+       mobaverages= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
+       for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
+         for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
+           for(k=1;k<=ncovcombmax;k++)
+             mobaverages[i][j][k]=0.;
+       mobaverage=mobaverages;
+       if (mobilav!=0) {
+         if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, mobaverage, mobilav)!=0){
+           fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+           printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+         }
+       }
+       /* /\* Prevalence for each covariates in probs[age][status][cov] *\/ */
+       /* prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
+       else if (mobilavproj !=0) {
+         if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, mobaverage, mobilavproj)!=0){
+           fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilavproj=%d\n",mobilavproj);
+           printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilavproj=%d\n",mobilavproj);
+         }
+       }
+     }/* end if moving average */
      /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
      /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
      if(prevfcast==1){
        /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
        prevforecast(fileresu, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
-       /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
-       /*      }  */
-       /*      else{ */
-       /*        erreur=108; */
-       /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
-       /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
-       /*      } */
      }
+     if(backcast==1){
+       ddnewms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+       ddoldms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+       ddsavms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+       /*--------------- Back Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
+       bprlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
+       back_prevalence_limit(p, bprlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar, ftolpl, &ncvyear, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass, mobilavproj);
+       fclose(ficresplb);
+       hBijx(p, bage, fage, mobaverage);
+       fclose(ficrespijb);
+       free_matrix(bprlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
+       /* prevbackforecast(fileresu, anback1, mback1, jback1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj,
+          bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anback2, p, cptcoveff); */
+       free_matrix(ddnewms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
+       free_matrix(ddsavms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
+       free_matrix(ddoldms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
+     }
      /* ------ Other prevalence ratios------------ */
-     /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
-     prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
-     /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
-         ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
-     */
      free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
      free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
      free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
      free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
-     if (mobilav!=0) {
-       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
-       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
-         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
-         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
-       }
-     }
      /*---------- Health expectancies, no variances ------------*/
      strcpy(filerese,"E_");
      strcat(filerese,fileresu);
      if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
- Line 8545  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10285  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      }
      printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' ...", filerese);fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' ...", filerese);fflush(ficlog);
-     /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
-       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
+     for (k=1; k <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
+       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
-     for (k=1; k <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); k++){
+       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
-         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
+         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
-         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
+       }
-           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
-         }
-         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
-         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
-         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
-         evsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, strstart);
-         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
+       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
-       /*}*/
+       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+       evsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, strstart);
+       free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
      }
      fclose(ficreseij);
      printf("done evsij\n");fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog,"done evsij\n");fflush(ficlog);
-     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
+     /*---------- State-specific expectancies and variances ------------*/
      strcpy(filerest,"T_");
      strcat(filerest,fileresu);
      if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
- Line 8577  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10314  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      }
      printf("Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' ...\n", filerest); fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' ...\n", filerest); fflush(ficlog);
      strcpy(fileresstde,"STDE_");
      strcat(fileresstde,fileresu);
      if((ficresstdeij=fopen(fileresstde,"w"))==NULL) {
-       printf("Problem with Health Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
+       printf("Problem with State specific Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
-       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with State specific Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
      }
-     printf("  Computing Health Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
+     printf("  Computing State-specific Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
-     fprintf(ficlog,"  Computing Health Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"  Computing State-specific Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
      strcpy(filerescve,"CVE_");
      strcat(filerescve,fileresu);
      if((ficrescveij=fopen(filerescve,"w"))==NULL) {
-       printf("Problem with Covar. Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
+       printf("Problem with Covar. State-specific Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
-       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Covar. Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Covar. State-specific Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
      }
-     printf("    Computing Covar. of Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
+     printf("    Computing Covar. of State-specific Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
-     fprintf(ficlog,"    Computing Covar. of Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"    Computing Covar. of State-specific Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
      strcpy(fileresv,"V_");
      strcat(fileresv,fileresu);
- Line 8603  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10340  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
        printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
      }
-     printf("      Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(stdout);
+     printf("      Computing Variance-covariance of State-specific Expectancies: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(stdout);
-     fprintf(ficlog,"      Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(ficlog);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"      Computing Variance-covariance of State-specific Expectancies: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(ficlog);
      /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
        for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
      for (k=1; k <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); k++){
+       printf("\n#****** ");
        fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
-       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** ");
+       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++){
+         printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
          fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+       }
        fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
+       fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
+       printf("******\n");
        fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n#****** ");
        fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n#****** ");
- Line 8631  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10375  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
        eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
        oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
-       printf(" cvevsij %d, ",k);
+       printf(" cvevsij combination#=%d, ",k);
-       fprintf(ficlog, " cvevsij %d, ",k);
+       fprintf(ficlog, " cvevsij combination#=%d, ",k);
        cvevsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart);
        printf(" end cvevsij \n ");
        fprintf(ficlog, " end cvevsij \n ");
- Line 8648  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10392  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
        for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
          oldm=oldms;savm=savms; /* ZZ Segmentation fault */
          cptcod= 0; /* To be deleted */
-         printf("varevsij %d \n",vpopbased);
+         printf("varevsij vpopbased=%d \n",vpopbased);
-         fprintf(ficlog, "varevsij %d \n",vpopbased);
+         fprintf(ficlog, "varevsij vpopbased=%d \n",vpopbased);
          varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,vpopbased,mobilav, strstart); /* cptcod not initialized Intel */
          fprintf(ficrest,"# Total life expectancy with std error and decomposition into time to be expected in each health state\n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
          if(vpopbased==1)
- Line 8706  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10450  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
        /*}*/
      } /* End k */
-     free_vector(weight,1,n);
-     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,NCOVMAX,1,2);
-     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
-     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);
-     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
-     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
-     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
-     fclose(ficresstdeij);
-     fclose(ficrescveij);
-     fclose(ficresvij);
-     fclose(ficrest);
-     printf("done Health expectancies\n");fflush(stdout);
-     fprintf(ficlog,"done Health expectancies\n");fflush(ficlog);
-     fclose(ficpar);
-     /*------- Variance of period (stable) prevalence------*/
+     printf("done State-specific expectancies\n");fflush(stdout);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"done State-specific expectancies\n");fflush(ficlog);
+     /*------- Variance of period (stable) prevalence------*/
      strcpy(fileresvpl,"VPL_");
      strcat(fileresvpl,fileresu);
      if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
- Line 8731  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10464  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      }
      printf("Computing Variance-covariance of period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvpl);fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog, "Computing Variance-covariance of period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvpl);fflush(ficlog);
      /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
        for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
      for (k=1; k <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); k++){
-         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
+       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
-         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+       printf("\n#****** ");
-           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** ");
-         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
+       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
+         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+         printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
+       }
+       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
+       printf("******\n");
+       fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
-         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
+       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
-         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
-         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, strstart);
+       varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, strstart);
-         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
+       free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
        /*}*/
      }
      fclose(ficresvpl);
      printf("done variance-covariance of period prevalence\n");fflush(stdout);
      fprintf(ficlog,"done variance-covariance of period prevalence\n");fflush(ficlog);
+     free_vector(weight,1,n);
+     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,NCOVMAX,1,2);
+     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
+     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);
+     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
+     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
+     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
+     fclose(ficresstdeij);
+     fclose(ficrescveij);
+     fclose(ficresvij);
+     fclose(ficrest);
+     fclose(ficpar);
      /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
-     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+     if (mobilav!=0 ||mobilavproj !=0)
-     free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+       free_ma3x(mobaverages,1, AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax); /* We need to have a squared matrix with prevalence of the dead! */
-   }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
+     free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
-  /* endfree:*/
      free_matrix(prlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
      free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
-     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+   }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
-     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+   /* endfree:*/
-     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
-     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
+   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
-     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
+   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
-     free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
+   free_ma3x(cotqvar,1,maxwav,1,nqtv,1,n);
-     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
+   free_ma3x(cotvar,1,maxwav,1,ntv,1,n);
-     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
+   free_matrix(coqvar,1,maxwav,1,n);
-     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
+   free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
-     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
+   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
+   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
-     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,NCOVMAX);
+   /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
-     free_ivector(ncodemaxwundef,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
-     free_ivector(Tvar,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
-     free_ivector(Tprod,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
-     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,NCOVMAX);
-     free_ivector(Tage,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ivector(ncodemax,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ivector(ncodemaxwundef,1,NCOVMAX);
-     free_imatrix(nbcode,0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ivector(Dummy,-1,NCOVMAX);
-     /* free_imatrix(codtab,1,100,1,10); */
+   free_ivector(Fixed,-1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ivector(Typevar,-1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ivector(Tvar,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ivector(Tposprod,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ivector(Tprod,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ivector(invalidvarcomb,1,ncovcombmax);
+   free_ivector(Tage,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ivector(Tmodelind,1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_imatrix(nbcode,0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
+   /* free_imatrix(codtab,1,100,1,10); */
    fflush(fichtm);
    fflush(ficgp);
    if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
-     printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings\n",nberr,nbwarn);
+     printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings. Please look at the log file for details.\n",nberr,nbwarn);
-     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d. Please look at the log file for details.\n",nberr,nbwarn);
    }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
- Line 8800  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10564  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
    printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend);
    fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend);
    printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
    printf("Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
    fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
    fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
- Line 8813  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10577  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
    fclose(ficgp);
    fclose(ficlog);
    /*------ End -----------*/
-    printf("Before Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
+   printf("Before Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
  #ifdef WIN32
-    if (_chdir(pathcd) != 0)
+   if (_chdir(pathcd) != 0)
-            printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n",path);
+     printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n",path);
-    if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0)
+   if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0)
  #else
-    if(chdir(pathcd) != 0)
+     if(chdir(pathcd) != 0)
-            printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n", path);
+       printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n", path);
-    if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0)
+   if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0)
  #endif
      printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
    /*strcat(plotcmd,CHARSEPARATOR);*/
- Line 8849  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10613  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
    sprintf(plotcmd,"%s %s",pplotcmd, optionfilegnuplot);
    printf("Starting graphs with: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
    if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
      printf("gnuplot command might not be in your path: '%s', err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
      printf("\n Trying if gnuplot resides on the same directory that IMaCh\n");
- Line 8877  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
+ Line 10641  Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct
      else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
      else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
    }
-   end:
+ end:
    while (z[0] != 'q') {
      printf("\nType  q for exiting: "); fflush(stdout);
      scanf("%s",z);

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