Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.41.2.1 and 1.87

version 1.41.2.1, 2003/06/12 10:43:20 version 1.87, 2003/06/18 12:26:01
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain    $State$
     $Log$
   Short summary of the programme:    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
      Version 0.96
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from  
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the    routine fileappend.
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a  
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave    interview.
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    truncation)
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the  
   convergence.    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    parcimony.
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    
     Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h    *** empty log message ***
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be  
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx  
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices  */
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply  /*
   hPijx.     Interpolated Markov Chain
   
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Short summary of the programme:
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    
      This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
   from the European Union.    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
   **********************************************************************/    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
      Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
 #include <math.h>    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
 #include <stdio.h>    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
 #include <stdlib.h>    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
 #include <unistd.h>    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
     'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
 #define MAXLINE 256    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "wgnuplot"    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    convergence.
 /*#define DEBUG*/  
     The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
 /*#define windows*/    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
     account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */  
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
     conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
 #define MAXN 20000    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    hPijx.
 #define AGESUP 130  
 #define AGEBASE 40    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
     of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
     
 int erreur; /* Error number */    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
 int nvar;             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
 int npar=NPARMAX;    from the European Union.
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
 int popbased=0;  
     Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */    
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */    **********************************************************************/
 int mle, weightopt;  /*
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */    main
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    read parameterfile
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    read datafile
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */    concatwav
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    freqsummary
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;    if (mle >= 1)
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop;      mlikeli
 FILE *ficreseij;    print results files
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    if mle==1 
  FILE  *ficresvij;       computes hessian
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
  FILE  *ficresvpl;        begin-prev-date,...
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];    open gnuplot file
     open html file
 #define NR_END 1    stable prevalence
 #define FREE_ARG char*     for age prevalim()
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10    h Pij x
     variance of p varprob
 #define NRANSI    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
 #define ITMAX 200    health expectancies
     Variance-covariance of DFLE
 #define TOL 2.0e-4    prevalence()
      movingaverage()
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660    varevsij() 
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);    total life expectancies
     Variance of stable prevalence
 #define GOLD 1.618034   end
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  */
 #define TINY 1.0e-20  
   
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))   
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  #include <math.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))  #include <stdlib.h>
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)  #include <unistd.h>
   
 static double sqrarg;  #include <sys/time.h>
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  #include <time.h>
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  #include "timeval.h"
   
 int imx;  #define MAXLINE 256
 int stepm;  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
   #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
 int estepm;  /*#define DEBUG*/
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/  /*#define windows*/
   #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 int m,nb;  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
 double dateintmean=0;  
   #define NINTERVMAX 8
 double *weight;  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
 int **s; /* Status */  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  #define MAXN 20000
   #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  #define AGESUP 130
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  #define AGEBASE 40
   #ifdef unix
 /**************** split *************************/  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 {  #else
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
   #endif
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  /* $Id$ */
 #ifdef windows  /* $State$ */
    s = strrchr( path, '\\' );           /* find last / */  
 #else  char version[]="Imach version 0.96, June 2003, INED-EUROREVES ";
    s = strrchr( path, '/' );            /* find last / */  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
 #endif  int erreur; /* Error number */
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */  int nvar;
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
       extern char       *getwd( );  int npar=NPARMAX;
   int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
 #else  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
       extern char       *getcwd( );  int popbased=0;
   
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 #endif  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
       }  int gipmx, gsw; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */                     to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  int mle, weightopt;
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
    }  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 #ifdef windows  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */
 #else  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */
 #endif  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
    s++;  FILE *ficresilk;
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
    l1= strlen( name);  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
    l2= strlen( s)+1;  FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);  FILE *ficreseij;
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */  FILE  *ficresvij;
 }  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
   FILE  *ficresvpl;
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 /******************************************/  char title[MAXLINE];
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
 {  
   int i;  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
   int lg=20;  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
   i=0;  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
   lg=strlen(t);  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
     (s[i] = t[i]);  
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];
   }  
 }  #define NR_END 1
   #define FREE_ARG char*
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
 {  
   int i,j=0;  #define NRANSI 
   int lg=20;  #define ITMAX 200 
   i=0;  
   lg=strlen(s);  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
   }  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
   return j;  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 }  
   #define GOLD 1.618034 
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 {  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
   int i,lg,j,p=0;  
   i=0;  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   }    
   #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
   lg=strlen(t);  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  
     (u[j] = t[j]);  static double sqrarg;
   }  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
      u[p]='\0';  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {  int imx; 
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  int stepm;
   }  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
 }  
   int estepm;
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  int m,nb;
 {  long *num;
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   exit(1);  double **pmmij, ***probs;
 }  double dateintmean=0;
 /*********************** vector *******************/  
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)  double *weight;
 {  int **s; /* Status */
   double *v;  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");  
   return v-nl+NR_END;  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
 }  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
   
 /************************ free vector ******************/  /**************** split *************************/
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
 {  {
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
 }    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
   
 /************************ivector *******************************/    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
 {    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
   int *v;    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
   return v-nl+NR_END;      /* get current working directory */
 }      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
 /******************free ivector **************************/        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)      }
 {      strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
 }      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
       l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
 {      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    }
   int **m;    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
      /*#ifdef windows
   /* allocate pointers to rows */    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  #else
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   m += NR_END;  #endif
   m -= nrl;    */
      ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
      ss++;
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */    strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    l1= strlen( name);
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    finame[l1-l2]= 0;
      return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  }
    
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */  
   return m;  /******************************************/
 }  
   void replace(char *s, char*t)
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/  {
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)    int i;
       int **m;    int lg=20;
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    i=0;
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */    lg=strlen(t);
 {    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));      (s[i] = t[i]);
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
 }    }
   }
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
 {  {
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    int i,j=0;
   double **m;    int lg=20;
     i=0;
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    lg=strlen(s);
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   m += NR_END;    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
   m -= nrl;    }
     return j;
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  }
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  {
     /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
   return m;       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
 }    int i,lg,j,p=0;
     i=0;
 /*************************free matrix ************************/    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
 {    }
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    lg=strlen(t);
 }    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
       (u[j] = t[j]);
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    }
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)       u[p]='\0';
 {  
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
   double ***m;      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
     }
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));  }
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;  /********************** nrerror ********************/
   m -= nrl;  
   void nrerror(char error_text[])
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  {
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  /*********************** vector *******************/
   double *vector(int nl, int nh)
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  {
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");    double *v;
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    return v-nl+NR_END;
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;  }
    
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {  /************************ free vector ******************/
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  {
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   }  }
   return m;  
 }  /************************ivector *******************************/
   int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  {
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    int *v;
 {    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    return v-nl+NR_END;
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  }
 }  
   /******************free ivector **************************/
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
 extern int ncom;  {
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  }
    
 double f1dim(double x)  /************************lvector *******************************/
 {  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
   int j;  {
   double f;    long *v;
   double *xt;    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
      if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   xt=vector(1,ncom);    return v-nl+NR_END;
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];  }
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);  
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);  /******************free lvector **************************/
   return f;  void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
 }  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 /*****************brent *************************/  }
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  
 {  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
   int iter;  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   double a,b,d,etemp;       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;  { 
   double ftemp;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    int **m; 
   double e=0.0;    
      /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
   x=w=v=bx;    m += NR_END; 
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);    m -= nrl; 
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {    
     xm=0.5*(a+b);    
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
 #ifdef DEBUG    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */    
 #endif    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    
       *xmin=x;    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
       return fx;    return m; 
     }  } 
     ftemp=fu;  
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);        int **m;
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
       q=2.0*(q-r);       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;  { 
       q=fabs(q);    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
       etemp=e;    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
       e=d;  } 
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))  
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  /******************* matrix *******************************/
       else {  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
         d=p/q;  {
         u=x+d;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    double **m;
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);  
       }    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
     } else {    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    m += NR_END;
     }    m -= nrl;
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));  
     fu=(*f)(u);    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     if (fu <= fx) {    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;    m[nrl] += NR_END;
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)    m[nrl] -= ncl;
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)  
         } else {    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;    return m;
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
             v=w;     */
             w=u;  }
             fv=fw;  
             fw=fu;  /*************************free matrix ************************/
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
             v=u;  {
             fv=fu;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
           }    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
         }  }
   }  
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
   *xmin=x;  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
   return fx;  {
 }    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
     double ***m;
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  
     m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
             double (*func)(double))    m += NR_END;
 {    m -= nrl;
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;  
   double fu;    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
      if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   if (*fb > *fa) {  
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)  
       }    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
   while (*fb > *fc) {    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/    
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       fu=(*func)(u);        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {    }
       fu=(*func)(u);    return m; 
       if (fu < *fc) {    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))    */
           }  }
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {  
       u=ulim;  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
       fu=(*func)(u);  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
     } else {  {
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
       fu=(*func)(u);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     }    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)  }
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)  
       }  /***************** f1dim *************************/
 }  extern int ncom; 
   extern double *pcom,*xicom;
 /*************** linmin ************************/  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
    
 int ncom;  double f1dim(double x) 
 double *pcom,*xicom;  { 
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);    int j; 
      double f;
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))    double *xt; 
 {   
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
   double f1dim(double x);    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    return f; 
   int j;  } 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;  
   double fx,fb,fa;  /*****************brent *************************/
    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   ncom=n;  { 
   pcom=vector(1,n);    int iter; 
   xicom=vector(1,n);    double a,b,d,etemp;
   nrfunc=func;    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    double ftemp;
     pcom[j]=p[j];    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
     xicom[j]=xi[j];    double e=0.0; 
   }   
   ax=0.0;    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
   xx=1.0;    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);    x=w=v=bx; 
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
 #ifdef DEBUG    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
 #endif      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
     xi[j] *= xmin;      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
     p[j] += xi[j];      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
   }  #ifdef DEBUG
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
 }      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
   #endif
 /*************** powell ************************/      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,        *xmin=x; 
             double (*func)(double []))        return fx; 
 {      } 
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,      ftemp=fu;
               double (*func)(double []));      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
   int i,ibig,j;        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
   double fp,fptt;        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
   double *xits;        q=2.0*(q-r); 
   pt=vector(1,n);        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
   ptt=vector(1,n);        q=fabs(q); 
   xit=vector(1,n);        etemp=e; 
   xits=vector(1,n);        e=d; 
   *fret=(*func)(p);        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {        else { 
     fp=(*fret);          d=p/q; 
     ibig=0;          u=x+d; 
     del=0.0;          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)        } 
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);      } else { 
     printf("\n");        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {      } 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
       fptt=(*fret);      fu=(*f)(u); 
 #ifdef DEBUG      if (fu <= fx) { 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
 #endif        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);          } else { 
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
         ibig=i;              v=w; 
       }              w=u; 
 #ifdef DEBUG              fv=fw; 
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));              fw=fu; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);              v=u; 
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);              fv=fu; 
       }            } 
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)          } 
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    } 
       printf("\n");    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
 #endif    *xmin=x; 
     }    return fx; 
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {  } 
 #ifdef DEBUG  
       int k[2],l;  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
       k[0]=1;  
       k[1]=-1;  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));              double (*func)(double)) 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)  { 
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
       printf("\n");    double fu; 
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {   
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    if (*fb > *fa) { 
         }      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
       }        } 
 #endif    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
     *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
     while (*fb > *fc) { 
       free_vector(xit,1,n);      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
       free_vector(xits,1,n);      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
       return;      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
     }      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");        fu=(*func)(u); 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];        fu=(*func)(u); 
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];        if (fu < *fc) { 
       pt[j]=p[j];          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
     }            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);            } 
     if (fptt < fp) {      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);        u=ulim; 
       if (t < 0.0) {        fu=(*func)(u); 
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);      } else { 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];        fu=(*func)(u); 
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];      } 
         }      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
 #ifdef DEBUG        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);        } 
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)  } 
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);  
         printf("\n");  /*************** linmin ************************/
 #endif  
       }  int ncom; 
     }  double *pcom,*xicom;
   }  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
 }   
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/  { 
     double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
 {    double f1dim(double x); 
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
     int j; 
   int i, ii,j,k;    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;    double fx,fb,fa;
   double **matprod2();   
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();    ncom=n; 
   double **newm;    pcom=vector(1,n); 
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    xicom=vector(1,n); 
     nrfunc=func; 
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
     }    } 
     ax=0.0; 
    cov[1]=1.;    xx=1.0; 
      mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){  #ifdef DEBUG
     newm=savm;    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
      cov[2]=agefin;  #endif
      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {      xi[j] *= xmin; 
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];      p[j] += xi[j]; 
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/    } 
       }    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  } 
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  
   /*************** powell ************************/
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/              double (*func)(double [])) 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/  { 
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
                 double (*func)(double [])); 
     savm=oldm;    int i,ibig,j; 
     oldm=newm;    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
     maxmax=0.;    double fp,fptt;
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){    double *xits;
       min=1.;    pt=vector(1,n); 
       max=0.;    ptt=vector(1,n); 
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {    xit=vector(1,n); 
         sumnew=0;    xits=vector(1,n); 
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];    *fret=(*func)(p); 
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);      fp=(*fret); 
       }      ibig=0; 
       maxmin=max-min;      del=0.0; 
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
     }      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){      fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f",*iter,*fret);
       return prlim;      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
     }        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
   }        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
 }        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
       }
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/      printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
 {      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
   double s1, s2;        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
   /*double t34;*/        fptt=(*fret); 
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){  #endif
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
       }          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
       ps[i][j]=s2;          ibig=i; 
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/        } 
     }  #ifdef DEBUG
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
       }          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
       ps[i][j]=s2;          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
     }        }
   }        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){        }
      s1=0;        printf("\n");
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);  #endif
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)      } 
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);  #ifdef DEBUG
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)        int k[2],l;
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];        k[0]=1;
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)        k[1]=-1;
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
   } /* end i */        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
           printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){        }
       ps[ii][jj]=0;        printf("\n");
       ps[ii][ii]=1;        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
   }          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
             ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
             printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){          }
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
    }          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
     printf("\n ");        }
     }  #endif
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/  
 /*  
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
   goto end;*/        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
     return ps;        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
 }        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
         return; 
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/      } 
       if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
 {        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */        pt[j]=p[j]; 
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized      } 
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */      if (fptt < fp) { 
   long i, j, k;        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)        if (t < 0.0) { 
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
             xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
   return out;          }
 }  #ifdef DEBUG
           printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
             printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
 {          }
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month          printf("\n");
      duration (i.e. until          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.  #endif
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step        }
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).      } 
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be    } 
      included manually here.  } 
   
      */  /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
   
   int i, j, d, h, k;  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];  {
   double **newm;    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
        matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */  
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    int i, ii,j,k;
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    double **matprod2();
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
     }    double **newm;
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){  
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       newm=savm;      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       cov[1]=1.;      }
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];     cov[1]=1.;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)   
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];      newm=savm;
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */
        cov[2]=agefin;
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/    
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
       savm=oldm;        }
       oldm=newm;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
     }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {  
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
          */        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
       }      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
   } /* end h */  
   return po;      savm=oldm;
 }      oldm=newm;
       maxmax=0.;
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/        min=1.;
 double func( double *x)        max=0.;
 {        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;          sumnew=0;
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
   double **out;          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
   long ipmx;        }
   /*extern weight */        maxmin=max-min;
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/      }
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);        return prlim;
   */      }
   cov[1]=1.;    }
   }
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;  
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];  
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)  {
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    double s1, s2;
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){    /*double t34;*/
         newm=savm;    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;  
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
         }        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
                  /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
         savm=oldm;        }
         oldm=newm;        ps[i][j]=s2;
                /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
              }
       } /* end mult */      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
              for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/          /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
       ipmx +=1;        }
       sw += weight[i];        ps[i][j]=s2;
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;      }
     } /* end of wave */    }
   } /* end of individual */      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
   
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */       s1=0;
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   return -l;        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
 }      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
         s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
       ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
         ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
 {        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   int i,j, iter;      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
   double **xi,*delti;    } /* end i */
   double fret;  
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)        ps[ii][jj]=0;
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        ps[ii][ii]=1;
   printf("Powell\n");      }
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);    }
   
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));  
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
       for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
 }       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
      }
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/      printf("\n ");
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))      }
 {      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;  /*
   double **hess;    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
   int i, j,jk;    goto end;*/
   int *indx;      return ps;
   }
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);  
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;  
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
   {
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
        b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);    long i, j, k;
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
   }        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
            out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {    return out;
       if (j>i) {  }
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);  
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);  
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];      /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/  
       }  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
     }  {
   }    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
   printf("\n");       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
        age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
         Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);       for the memory).
   x=vector(1,npar);       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
   indx=ivector(1,npar);       included manually here. 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];       */
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);  
     int i, j, d, h, k;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    double **newm;
     x[j]=1;  
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     }        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   }        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);        newm=savm;
     }        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
     printf("\n");        cov[1]=1.;
   }        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
   /* Recompute Inverse */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");  
         /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
     x[j]=1;                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);        savm=oldm;
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){        oldm=newm;
       y[i][j]=x[i];      }
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
     }        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
     printf("\n");          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
   }          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
   */           */
         }
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);    } /* end h */
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);    return po;
   free_vector(x,1,npar);  }
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);  
   /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   double func( double *x)
 }  {
     int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])    double **out;
 {    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   int i;    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   int l=1, lmax=20;    int s1, s2;
   double k1,k2;    double bbh, survp;
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];    long ipmx;
   double res;    /*extern weight */
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   double fx;    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
   int k=0,kmax=10;    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   double l1;      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
     */
   fx=func(x);    cov[1]=1.;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
     l1=pow(10,l);  
     delts=delt;    if(mle==1){
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       delt = delta*(l1*k);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
       k1=func(p2)-fx;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       k2=func(p2)-fx;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */            }
                for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
 #ifdef DEBUG            newm=savm;
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
 #endif            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){            }
         k=kmax;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */            savm=oldm;
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;            oldm=newm;
       }          } /* end mult */
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){        
         delts=delt;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
       }          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
     }           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
   }           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
   delti[theta]=delts;           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
   return res;           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
             * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
 }           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
            * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
 {           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
   int i;           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;           */
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   int k;          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
           /* bias is positive if real duration
   fx=func(x);           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {           */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known then the contribution
     k1=func(p2)-fx;               to the likelihood is the probability to die between last step unit time and current 
                 step unit time, which is also the differences between probability to die before dh 
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;               and probability to die before dh-stepm . 
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
     k2=func(p2)-fx;          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
            health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
     k3=func(p2)-fx;          (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
            introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
     k4=func(p2)-fx;          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */          and month of death but the probability to survive from last
 #ifdef DEBUG          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);          probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
 #endif          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
   }          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
   return res;          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
 }          lower mortality.
             */
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)          }else{
 {            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
   int i,imax,j,k;            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
   double big,dum,sum,temp;          } 
   double *vv;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
            /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   vv=vector(1,n);          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   *d=1.0;          ipmx +=1;
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {          sw += weight[i];
     big=0.0;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)        } /* end of wave */
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;      } /* end of individual */
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");    }  else if(mle==2){
     vv[i]=1.0/big;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       sum=a[i][j];            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       a[i][j]=sum;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     }            }
     big=0.0;          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {            newm=savm;
       sum=a[i][j];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
       a[i][j]=sum;            }
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
         big=dum;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         imax=i;            savm=oldm;
       }            oldm=newm;
     }          } /* end mult */
     if (j != imax) {        
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
         dum=a[imax][k];          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
         a[j][k]=dum;           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
       }           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
       *d = -(*d);           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
       vv[imax]=vv[j];           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
     }           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
     indx[j]=imax;           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
     if (j != n) {           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;           */
     }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
 ;          /* bias is positive if real duration
 }           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
            */
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
 {          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;          /*lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.-+bh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* exponential interpolation */
   double sum;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
            /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
     ip=indx[i];          ipmx +=1;
     sum=b[ip];          sw += weight[i];
     b[ip]=b[i];          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     if (ii)        } /* end of wave */
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      } /* end of individual */
     else if (sum) ii=i;    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
     b[i]=sum;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   }        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     sum=b[i];          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   }              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 }            }
           for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
 /************ Frequencies ********************/            newm=savm;
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
 {  /* Some frequencies */            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
                cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;            }
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   double *pp;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;            savm=oldm;
   FILE *ficresp;            oldm=newm;
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];          } /* end mult */
          
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
     exit(0);           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
   }           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
   j1=0;           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
             * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
   j=cptcoveff;           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}           */
            s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
       j1++;          /* bias is positive if real duration
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
         scanf("%d", i);*/           */
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)            /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* linear interpolation */
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)            lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
                /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
       dateintsum=0;          ipmx +=1;
       k2cpt=0;          sw += weight[i];
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         bool=1;        } /* end of wave */
         if  (cptcovn>0) {      } /* end of individual */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
               bool=0;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         }        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         if (bool==1) {          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;            }
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
               if (m<lastpass) {            newm=savm;
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
               }              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
                          }
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {          
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                 k2cpt++;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
               }            savm=oldm;
             }            oldm=newm;
           }          } /* end mult */
         }        
       }          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
                  s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
             lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
       if  (cptcovn>0) {          }else{
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);          }
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");          ipmx +=1;
       }          sw += weight[i];
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");        } /* end of wave */
            } /* end of individual */
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){    }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
         if(i==(int)agemax+3)      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
           printf("Total");        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         else        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           printf("Age %d", i);          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         }            }
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)            newm=savm;
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
           else            }
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);          
         }            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                          1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            savm=oldm;
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)            oldm=newm;
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];          } /* end mult */
         }        
           s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           pos += pp[jk];          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          ipmx +=1;
           if(pos>=1.e-5)          sw += weight[i];
             printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           else          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
             printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);        } /* end of wave */
           if( i <= (int) agemax){      } /* end of individual */
             if(pos>=1.e-5){    } /* End of if */
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
             }    return -l;
             else  }
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);  
           }  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
         }  double funcone( double *x)
          {
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
         if(i <= (int) agemax)    double **out;
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
         printf("\n");    double llt;
       }    int s1, s2;
     }    double bbh, survp;
   }    /*extern weight */
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
      /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
   fclose(ficresp);    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);    */
      cov[1]=1.;
   /* End of Freq */  
 }    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
   
 /************ Prevalence ********************/    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
 {  /* Some frequencies */      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double *pp;            savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   double pos, k2;          }
         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);          newm=savm;
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   j1=0;          }
            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   j=cptcoveff;                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}          savm=oldm;
            oldm=newm;
  for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){        } /* end mult */
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        
       j1++;        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          /* bias is positive if real duration
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;         */
              if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
         bool=1;        } else if (mle==1){
         if  (cptcovn>0) {          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)        } else if(mle==2){
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
               bool=0;        } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
         }          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
         if (bool==1) {        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);        } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;        } /* End of if */
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;        ipmx +=1;
               if (m<lastpass)        sw += weight[i];
                 if (calagedate>0) freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
               else  /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];        if(globpr){
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];          fprintf(ficresilk,"%ld %6d %1d %1d %1d %1d %3d %10.6f %6.4f\
             }   %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f ", \
           }                  num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
         }                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
       }          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
         for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
             for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)          }
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
           }        }
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      } /* end of wave */
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)    } /* end of individual */
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
         }    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
            l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)      gipmx=ipmx;
              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];      gsw=sw;
          }    }
              return -l;
          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];  }
   
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            
            if( i <= (int) agemax){  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
              if(pos>=1.e-5){  {
                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
              }       the selection of individuals/waves and
            }       to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
          }       Plotting could be done.
               */
         }    int k;
     }  
   }    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums no printings */
       strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
        strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
          fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
 }  /* End of Freq */      }
       fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight out sav ");
       /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
 {        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).    }
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i  
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]    *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.    if(*globpri !=0){
      */      fclose(ficresilk);
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",fileresilk,fileresilk);
   int i, mi, m;      fflush(fichtm); 
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;    } 
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/    return;
   }
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;  
   double sum=0.;  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
   jmin=1e+5;  
   jmax=-1;  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
   jmean=0.;  {
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){    int i,j, iter;
     mi=0;    double **xi;
     m=firstpass;    double fret;
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
       if(s[m][i]>=1)    char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
         mw[++mi][i]=m;    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       if(m >=lastpass)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
         break;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
       else        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         m++;    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
     }/* end while */    strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){    strcat(filerespow,fileres);
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
          /* Only death is a correct wave */      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       mw[mi][i]=m;    }
     }    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
     for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     wav[i]=mi;      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
     if(mi==0)        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   }  
     powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){    fclose(ficrespow);
       if (stepm <=0)    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
         dh[mi][i]=1;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
       else{    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {  
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {  }
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);  
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
           k=k+1;  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;  {
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
           sum=sum+j;    double **hess;
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */    int i, j,jk;
           }    int *indx;
         }  
         else{    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
           k=k+1;    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;  
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
           sum=sum+j;  
         }    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
         jk= j/stepm;    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
         jl= j -jk*stepm;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
         if(jl <= -ju)      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
           dh[mi][i]=jk;      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
         else      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;      /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)    }
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */    
       }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
     }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
   }        if (j>i) { 
   jmean=sum/k;          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
  }          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
 {        }
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;      }
   int cptcode=0;    }
   cptcoveff=0;    printf("\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;  
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {    
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       Ndum[ij]++;    x=vector(1,npar);
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/    indx=ivector(1,npar);
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
     ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {  
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
     }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
     ij=1;      x[j]=1;
       lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {      }
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {    }
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;  
              printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
           ij++;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
         }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
       }          printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
     }        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
   }        }
       printf("\n");
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {  
       ij=Tvar[i];    /* Recompute Inverse */
       Ndum[ij]++;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
     ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
  ij=1;  
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){  
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
      ij++;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
    }      x[j]=1;
  }      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
        for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
     cptcoveff=ij-1;        y[i][j]=x[i];
 }        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/      }
       printf("\n");
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }
 {    */
   /* Health expectancies */  
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
   double age, agelim, hf;    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;    free_vector(x,1,npar);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
   double *xp;    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
   double **gp, **gm;  
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;  
   int theta;  }
   
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
   xp=vector(1,npar);  double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  {
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    int i;
      int l=1, lmax=20;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");    double k1,k2;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double res;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    double fx;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    int k=0,kmax=10;
     double l1;
   if(estepm < stepm){  
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);    fx=func(x);
   }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   else  hstepm=estepm;      for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months      l1=pow(10,l);
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example      delts=delt;
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear        delt = delta*(l1*k);
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we        k1=func(p2)-fx;
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear        k2=func(p2)-fx;
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
         
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */  #ifdef DEBUG
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.  #endif
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the          k=kmax;
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it        }
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.        }
   */        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */          delts=delt;
         }
   agelim=AGESUP;      }
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    }
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */    delti[theta]=delts;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);    return res; 
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */    
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/  }
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */  
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);  {
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    int i;
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
     double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */    int k;
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);    
      fx=func(x);
     for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       k1=func(p2)-fx;
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
       }      k2=func(p2)-fx;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      
        p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
       cptj=0;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){      k3=func(p2)-fx;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){    
           cptj=cptj+1;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;      k4=func(p2)-fx;
           }      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
         }  #ifdef DEBUG
       }      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
            fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
        #endif
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    }
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    return res;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    }
        
       cptj=0;  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){  { 
           cptj=cptj+1;    int i,imax,j,k; 
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;    double *vv; 
           }   
         }    vv=vector(1,n); 
       }    *d=1.0; 
          for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
          big=0.0; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){      if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
         }    } 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
      }      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
            sum=a[i][j]; 
 /* End theta */        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         a[i][j]=sum; 
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);      } 
       big=0.0; 
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)        sum=a[i][j]; 
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
         trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         a[i][j]=sum; 
         if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)          big=dum; 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)          imax=i; 
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;        } 
       } 
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){      if (j != imax) { 
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);          dum=a[imax][k]; 
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)          a[j][k]=dum; 
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)        } 
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;        *d = -(*d); 
       }        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
     }      } 
       indx[j]=imax; 
            if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
     /* Computing expectancies */      if (j != n) { 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){      } 
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;    } 
              free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/  ;
   } 
         }  
   void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );  { 
     cptj=0;    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double sum; 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){   
         cptj++;    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );      ip=indx[i]; 
       }      sum=b[ip]; 
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");      b[ip]=b[i]; 
          if (ii) 
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);      else if (sum) ii=i; 
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);      b[i]=sum; 
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    } 
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
   }      sum=b[i]; 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    } 
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);  } 
 }  
   /************ Frequencies ********************/
 /************ Variance ******************/  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint)
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm)  {  /* Some frequencies */
 {    
   /* Variance of health expectancies */    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/    int first;
   double **newm;    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    double *pp, **prop;
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;    double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
   int k, cptcode;    FILE *ficresp;
   double *xp;    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
   double **gp, **gm;    
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
   double ***p3mat;    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
   double age,agelim, hf;    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
   int theta;    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
     if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      exit(0);
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    }
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");    j1=0;
     
   xp=vector(1,npar);    j=cptcoveff;
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
      first=1;
   if(estepm < stepm){  
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
   }      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
   else  hstepm=estepm;          j1++;
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.          scanf("%d", i);*/
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
      and note for a fixed period like k years */              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the  
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same          prop[i][m]=0;
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.        
   */        dateintsum=0;
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */        k2cpt=0;
   agelim = AGESUP;        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */          bool=1;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */          if  (cptcovn>0) {
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);                bool=0;
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);          }
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);          if (bool==1){
             for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */              /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
       }                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);                  if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);                if (m<lastpass) {
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
       if (popbased==1) {                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                }
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];                
       }                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
                    dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){                  k2cpt++;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){                }
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)                /*}*/
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];            }
         }          }
       }        }
             
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          if  (cptcovn>0) {
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
       if (popbased==1) {          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        }
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
       }          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){        
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)          if(i==iagemax+3){
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
         }          }else{
       }            if(first==1){
               first=0;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)              printf("See log file for details...\n");
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){            }
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
         }          }
     } /* End theta */          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
           }
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
               if(first==1){
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)              }
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;            }else{
               if(first==1)
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);            }
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);          }
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
       }              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
     }          }       
           for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );            pos += pp[jk];
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            posprop += prop[jk][i];
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          }
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
       }            if(pos>=1.e-5){
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");              if(first==1)
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);            }else{
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);              if(first==1)
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   } /* End age */              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
              }
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);            if( i <= iagemax){
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);              if(pos>=1.e-5){
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
                 /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
 }                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
               }
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/              else
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
 {            }
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */          }
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/          
   double **newm;          for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
   double **dnewm,**doldm;            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
   int k, cptcode;              if(first==1)
   double *xp;                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   double *gp, *gm;                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   double **gradg, **trgradg;              }
   double age,agelim;          if(i <= iagemax)
   int theta;            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
              if(first==1)
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");            printf("Others in log...\n");
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        }
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);      }
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    }
     dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
   xp=vector(1,npar);   
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    fclose(ficresp);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
      free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    /* End of Freq */
   agelim = AGESUP;  }
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */  
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  /************ Prevalence ********************/
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;  void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  {  
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);       We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){   
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
       }    double *pp, **prop;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    double pos,posprop; 
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];    int iagemin, iagemax;
      
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */    iagemin= (int) agemin;
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    iagemax= (int) agemax;
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
     j1=0;
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];    j=cptcoveff;
     } /* End theta */    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        j1++;
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
           for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)            prop[i][m]=0.0;
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;       
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);          bool=1;
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          if  (cptcovn>0) {
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
               if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );                bool=0;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          } 
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));          if (bool==1) { 
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);              y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
   } /* End age */                if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
                 if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);                  prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);                  prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
                 } 
 }              }
             } /* end selection of waves */
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/          }
 void varprob(char fileres[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)        }
 {        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
   int i, j, i1, k1, j1, z1;          
   int k=0, cptcode;          for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
   double **dnewm,**doldm;            posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
   double *xp;          } 
   double *gp, *gm;  
   double **gradg, **trgradg;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];            if( i <=  iagemax){ 
   int theta;              if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
               } 
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");            } 
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);          }/* end jk */ 
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {        }/* end i */ 
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);      } /* end i1 */
   }    } /* end k1 */
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);    
      /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
 fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and standard deviation in parentheses\n");    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  }  /* End of prevalence */
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++)  
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   
   void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");  {
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
        Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
   xp=vector(1,npar);       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
         */
   cov[1]=1;  
   j=cptcoveff;    int i, mi, m;
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
   j1=0;       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
   for(k1=1; k1<=1;k1++){    int first;
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
     j1++;    double sum=0.;
     first=0;
     if  (cptcovn>0) {    jmin=1e+5;
       fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");    jmax=-1;
       for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    jmean=0.;
       fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     }      mi=0;
          m=firstpass;
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
         cov[2]=age;        if(s[m][i]>=1)
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {          mw[++mi][i]=m;
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];        if(m >=lastpass)
                    break;
         }        else
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];          m++;
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)      }/* end while */
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
                mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,9);        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
         trgradg=matrix(1,9,1,npar);           /* Only death is a correct wave */
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        mw[mi][i]=m;
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));      }
      
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){      wav[i]=mi;
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)      if(mi==0){
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        if(first==0){
                    printf("Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);          first=1;
                  }
           k=0;        if(first==1){
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath); i++){          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        }
               k=k+1;      } /* end mi==0 */
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];    } /* End individuals */
             }  
           }    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
                for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)        if (stepm <=0)
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          dh[mi][i]=1;
            else{
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
           k=0;            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){              j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){              if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
               k=k+1;              else if(j<0){
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
             }                j=1; /* Careful Patch */
           }                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
                      printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)                fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];                }
         }              k=k+1;
               if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)              if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)              sum=sum+j;
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
                      /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,9,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);            }
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,9,1,npar,1,9,gradg);          }
                  else{
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
                    /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
         k=0;            k=k+1;
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
             k=k+1;            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
             gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
           }            if(j<0){
         }              printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                    fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
      /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);            }
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){            sum=sum+j;
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));          }
      }*/          jk= j/stepm;
           jl= j -jk*stepm;
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
           if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++)            if(jl==0){
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e (%.3e) ",gm[i],sqrt(doldm[i][i]));              dh[mi][i]=jk;
                bh[mi][i]=0;
       }            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
     }                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));              bh[mi][i]=ju;
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);            }
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);          }else{
   }            if(jl <= -ju){
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);              dh[mi][i]=jk;
   fclose(ficresprob);              bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
                                     * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
 }                                   */
             }
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/            else{
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
  int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\              bh[mi][i]=ju;
  int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char optionfile[], \            }
  char optionfilehtm[],char rfileres[], char optionfilegnuplot[],\            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
  char version[], int popforecast, int estepm ){              dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
   FILE *fichtm;              /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/            }
           } /* end if mle */
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);        }
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");      } /* end wave */
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {    }
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);    jmean=sum/k;
   }    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n   }
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n  
 \n  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n  {
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">    
  <ul><li>Outputs files<br>\n    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n    int cptcode=0;
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n    cptcoveff=0; 
  - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n   
  - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
  - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n    for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);  
     for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n                                 modality*/ 
   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
  - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
  - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
  - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
                                          Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n      }
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n  
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);      for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
  else        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);      }
 fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");  
       ij=1; 
  m=cptcoveff;      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
           if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
  jj1=0;            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){            /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){            
        jj1++;            ij++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {          }
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)        }  
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);      } 
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");    }  
        }  
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);      
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);     ij=Tvar[i];
        }     Ndum[ij]++;
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {   }
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident  
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>   ij=1;
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);     for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
      }     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>       ij++;
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);     }
      }   }
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and   
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);  }
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");  
    }  /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
    }  
 fclose(fichtm);  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
 }  
   {
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/    /* Health expectancies */
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[],char optionfilefiname[],char optionfile[],char optionfilegnuplot[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
     double age, agelim, hf;
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);    double *xp;
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp.txt");    double **gp, **gm;
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);    int theta;
   }  
     varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
 #ifdef windows    xp=vector(1,npar);
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
 #endif    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    
      fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
  /* 1eme*/    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {    if(estepm < stepm){
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    }
 }    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
 }     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
 }       * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));  
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
    }       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
   }       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
   /*2 eme*/       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
           means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
       k=2*i;       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    */
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    agelim=AGESUP;
 }      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
 }        gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {  
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
 }        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");   
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");  
     }      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);  
   }      /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
    
   /*3eme*/       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {        }
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);    
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);        cptj=0;
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);            cptj=cptj+1;
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             }
 */          }
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {        }
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);       
        
       }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     }        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     }        
          cptj=0;
   /* CV preval stat */        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {            cptj=cptj+1;
       k=3;            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);  
               gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)            }
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);          }
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);        }
              for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {          }
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;       } 
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);     
       }  /* End theta */
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);    
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     }  
   }         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
   /* proba elementaires */          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){       
       if (k != i) {  
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){       for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
                for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
           jk++;  
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
         }       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
       }       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
     }        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
     }          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
     for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
    i=1;              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
    for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {        }
      k3=i;      }
      for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {      /* Computing expectancies */
        if (k != k2){      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
 ij=1;          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {            
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);  /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             ij++;  
           }          }
           else  
           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
         }      cptj=0;
           fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){            cptj++;
           fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
 ij=1;        }
           for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {     
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
             ij++;      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
           }      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
           else      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }    }
           fprintf(ficgp,")");    printf("\n");
         }    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);  
         if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         i=i+ncovmodel;    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
        }    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
      }    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
    }  }
    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);  
    }  /************ Variance ******************/
      void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
   fclose(ficgp);  {
 }  /* end gnuplot */    /* Variance of health expectancies */
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
     /* double **newm;*/
 /*************** Moving average **************/    double **dnewm,**doldm;
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
   int i, cpt, cptcod;    int k, cptcode;
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)    double *xp;
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
        double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){    double ***p3mat;
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    double age,agelim, hf;
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){    double ***mobaverage;
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];    int theta;
           }    char digit[4];
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;    char digitp[25];
         }  
       }    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
     }  
        if(popbased==1){
 }      if(mobilav!=0)
         strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
       else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
 /************** Forecasting ******************/    }
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){    else 
        strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;  
   int *popage;    if (mobilav!=0) {
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
   double ***p3mat;        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
  agelim=AGESUP;    }
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;  
     strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
      /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);    }
     printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
   if (mobilav==1) {    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
   }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    }  
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
      if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
   agelim=AGESUP;      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
   hstepm=1;      exit(0);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;    }
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);    else{
   anprojmean=yp;      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);    }
   mprojmean=yp;  /*   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) { */
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);  /*     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
   jprojmean=yp;  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;  /*     exit(0); */
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;  /*   } */
    /*   else{ */
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){  /*   } */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       k=k+1;  
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       }      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);  
          xp=vector(1,npar);
          dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);      doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
              trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    if(estepm < stepm){
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
            }
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    else  hstepm=estepm;   
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
             }       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                     and note for a fixed period like k years */
                 if (mobilav==1)    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
                 else {       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
                 }       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
                    */
               }    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){    agelim = AGESUP;
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
                              nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
               }      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
             }      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
         }      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       }  
     }  
   }      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
                for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
   fclose(ficresf);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
 }        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
 /************** Forecasting ******************/  
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){        if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   int *popage;              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];          }
         }
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   agelim=AGESUP;          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);          }
          }
          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);           as a weighted average of prlim.
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {        */
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   }          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
         }    
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;        /* end probability of death */
   
   if (mobilav==1) {        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   }        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
    
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;        if (popbased==1) {
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;          if(mobilav ==0){
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   agelim=AGESUP;              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   hstepm=1;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
   if (popforecast==1) {        }
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {  
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     }          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);          }
            }
     i=1;          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
               as a weighted average of prlim.
     imx=i;        */
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   }          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){        }    
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){        /* end probability of death */
       k=k+1;  
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
       }          }
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");  
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");        }
        
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {      } /* End theta */
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    
              trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){  
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
                    for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
                for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);  
             }      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                        vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
                 if (mobilav==1)  
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
                 else {        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
                 }          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
               }          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);        }
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/      }
               }    
             }      /* pptj */
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
               kk1=0.;      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
                 }          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];      /* end ppptj */
             }      /*  x centered again */
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);   
           }      if (popbased==1) {
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        if(mobilav ==0){
         }          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       }            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   /******/          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {        }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);        }
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){               
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;         computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
                   as a weighted average of prlim.
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {      }    
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);      /* end probability of death */
             }  
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
               }          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        }
             }      } 
           }      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
         }      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
       }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
    }        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   }          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
          }
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
       free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   if (popforecast==1) {      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   }    } /* End age */
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   fclose(ficrespop);    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
 }    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
 /***********************************************/    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
 /**************** Main Program *****************/    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
 /***********************************************/  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
 {    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);
     /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
   double fret;  */
   double **xi,tmp,delta;    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);
   
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   double ***p3mat;    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   int *indx;    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   char title[MAXLINE];    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
      fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];    fclose(ficgp);
   /*   fclose(fichtm); */
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];  }  /* end varevsij */
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];  
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;  {
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
   int c,  h , cpt,l;    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   int ju,jl, mi;    double **newm;
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;    int k, cptcode;
   int hstepm, nhstepm;    double *xp;
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;    double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;    double age,agelim;
   double ftolpl=FTOL;    int theta;
   double **prlim;     
   double *severity;    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
   double  *p;    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   double *delti; /* Scale */  
   double ***eij, ***vareij;    xp=vector(1,npar);
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   double *epj, vepp;    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   double kk1, kk2;    
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
   char version[80]="Imach version 0.8a, May 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   char z[1]="c", occ;      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
 #include <sys/time.h>      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
 #include <time.h>      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];  
        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
   /* long total_usecs;        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          }
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   getcwd(pathcd, size);        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
   printf("\n%s",version);      
   if(argc <=1){        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     scanf("%s",pathtot);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   }        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   else{          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);  
   }        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);      } /* End theta */
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/  
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   chdir(path);          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
   replace(pathc,path);  
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/        varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   strcpy(fileres,"r");      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   
   /*---------arguments file --------*/      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);      fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
     goto end;      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
   }      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
   strcpy(filereso,"o");      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   strcat(filereso,fileres);    } /* End age */
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   }    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
     puts(line);  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
     fputs(line,ficparo);  {
   }    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
     int k=0,l, cptcode;
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);    int first=1, first1;
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    double *xp;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    double *gp, *gm;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    double **gradg, **trgradg;
     puts(line);    double **mu;
     fputs(line,ficparo);    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
   }    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    int theta;
      char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
        char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
   cptcovn=0;  
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;    double ***varpij;
   
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
      if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
   /* Read guess parameters */      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
     puts(line);    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
     fputs(line,ficparo);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    }
      strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);    }
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
       }    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    
       printf("\n");    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
     }    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
   p=param[1][1];  
    
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
     puts(line);        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
     fputs(line,ficparo);      }  
   }   /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);   */
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */   xp=vector(1,npar);
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);    first=1;
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);      exit(0);
       }    }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    else{
       printf("\n");      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    }
     }  /*   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) { */
   }  /*     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
   delti=delti3[1][1];  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
    /*     exit(0); */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  /*   } */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  /*   else{ */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");
   }      fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");
    
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  /*   } */
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){  
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);    cov[1]=1;
     printf("%s",str);    tj=cptcoveff;
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){    j1=0;
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);    for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);        j1++;
     }        if  (cptcovn>0) {
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
     printf("\n");          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
   }          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];          
              fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
   printf("\n");          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
           
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/          
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */          fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */          
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     }          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);        }
            
     /*-------- data file ----------*/        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {          cov[2]=age;
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
     }            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
           }
     n= lastobs;          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
     num=ivector(1,n);          
     moisnais=vector(1,n);          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     annais=vector(1,n);          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     andc=vector(1,n);          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     agedc=vector(1,n);      
     cod=ivector(1,n);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     weight=vector(1,n);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);            
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);            
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);                k=0;
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                 k=k+1;
     i=1;                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {              }
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {            }
                    
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
           strcpy(line,stra);      
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);            k=0;
         }            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
                      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);                k=k+1;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);            }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);       
             for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){          }
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
         }          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
         num[i]=atol(stra);            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
                      trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){          
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
         i=i+1;          free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       }          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     }          free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);          free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
        scanf("%d",i);*/  
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
           
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){          k=0;
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;              k=k+1;
     }*/              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){            }
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;          }
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
              for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
                varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/  
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
   Tage=ivector(1,15);                  }*/
      
   if (strlen(model) >1){          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
     j=nbocc(model,'+');          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');  
     cptcovn=j+1;          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
     cptcovprod=j1;            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
              for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
     strcpy(modelsav,model);            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);          }
       goto end;          i=0;
     }          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
                for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){              i=i++;
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');              }
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {            }
           cptcovprod--;          }/* end of loop for state */
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');        } /* end of loop for age */
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  
           cptcovage++;        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;        /*
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
         }          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
           cptcovprod--;          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
           cptcovage++;          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;        */
         }  
         else {        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');        first1=1;
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
           Tprod[k1]=i;            if(l2==k2) continue;
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];                if(l1==k1) continue;
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];                if(i<=j) continue;
           k1++;                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
           k2=k2+2;                  if ((int)age %5==0){
         }                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
       }                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
       else {                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
       }                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);                      lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);                    /* Eigen vectors */
         scanf("%d",i);*/                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
     }                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
 }                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
                      v12=-v21;
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);                    v22=v11;
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);                    tnalp=v21/v11;
   scanf("%d ",i);*/                    if(first1==1){
     fclose(fic);                      first1=0;
                       printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
     /*  if(mle==1){*/                    }
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;                    /*printf(fignu*/
     }                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);                    if(first==1){
                       first=0;
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
          anint[m][i]=9999;                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
          s[m][i]=-1;                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
        }                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
       }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
     }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){                    }else{
         if(s[m][i] >0){                      first=0;
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {                      fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
             if(agedc[i]>0)                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
            else {                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
               if (andc[i]!=9999){                    }/* if first */
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);                  } /* age mod 5 */
               agev[m][i]=-1;                } /* end loop age */
               }                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
             }                first=1;
           }              } /*l12 */
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */            } /* k12 */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);          } /*l1 */
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)        }/* k1 */
               agev[m][i]=1;      } /* loop covariates */
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){    }
               agemin=agev[m][i];    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
             }    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){    fclose(ficresprob);
               agemax=agev[m][i];    fclose(ficresprobcov);
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/    fclose(ficresprobcor);
             }    fclose(ficgp);
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/  }
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/  
           }  
           else { /* =9 */  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
             agev[m][i]=1;  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
             s[m][i]=-1;                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
           }                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
         }                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
         else /*= 0 Unknown */                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
           agev[m][i]=1;                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
       }    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
        /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
     }  /*   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    { */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {  /*     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0); */
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0); */
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {  /*   } */
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");    
           goto end;     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n \
         }   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n \
       }   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n \
     }   - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n \
    - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): \
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);     <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
     jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);  
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);  
     free_vector(annais,1,n);   m=cptcoveff;
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/  
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);   jj1=0;
     free_vector(andc,1,n);   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
           jj1++;
     wav=ivector(1,imx);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
               fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
     /* Concatenates waves */         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);       }
        /* Pij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br> \
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);  <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);     
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);       /* Quasi-incidences */
       ncodemax[1]=1;       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);   before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br> \
        <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1); 
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
    h=0;         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br> \
    <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){         }
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br> \
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){  <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
            h++;       }
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/  health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>\
          }  <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);
        }     } /* end i1 */
      }   }/* End k1 */
    }   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);  
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */  
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n\
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n\
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n\
       }   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n\
       printf("\n");   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n\
       }   - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n\
       scanf("%d",i);*/   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n\
       - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age  
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */  /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
      /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
      /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /*  else  */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */   m=cptcoveff;
         if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]  
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */   jj1=0;
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
     if(mle==1){       jj1++;
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
     }         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
             for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
     /*--------- results files --------------*/           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
         }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
    jk=1;         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and period prevalence (with confident\
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");  interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>\
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");  <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){       }
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){     } /* end i1 */
        if (k != i)   }/* End k1 */
          {   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);   fflush(fichtm);
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);  }
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){  
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
              jk++;  
            }    int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
            printf("\n");    int ng;
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
          }      printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
      }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
    }    }
  if(mle==1){  
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */    /*#ifdef windows */
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */      fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);      /*#endif */
  }  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");    
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");   /* 1eme*/
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
         if (j!=i) {       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);  
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
             jk++;       }
           }       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
           printf("\n");       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
         }         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
       }       } 
      }       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1); 
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
     k=1;         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
     printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");       }  
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;     }
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;    }
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);    /*2 eme*/
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/    
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       printf("%3d",i);      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){      fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);      
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
       }        k=2*i;
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
       printf("\n");        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
       k++;          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     }          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
            }   
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
       ungetc(c,ficpar);        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
       puts(line);        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
       fputs(line,ficparo);          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
     }          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        }   
     estepm=0;        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
     if (fage <= 2) {          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
       bage = ageminpar;          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
       fage = agemaxpar;        }   
     }        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
            else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");      }
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);    }
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);    
      /*3eme*/
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
     puts(line);        k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
     fputs(line,ficparo);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
   }        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
            for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
  fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
                fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          
     ungetc(c,ficpar);        */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
     puts(line);          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
     fputs(line,ficparo);          
   }        } 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      }
      }
     
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;    /* CV preval stable (period) */
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);        k=3;
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);          fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
          
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
     puts(line);        
     fputs(line,ficparo);        l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
   }        fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
           l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);        }
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
       } 
     }  
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    /* proba elementaires */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
     puts(line);      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);        if (k != i) {
   }          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
             jk++; 
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);            fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);          }
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);        }
       }
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);     }
   
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/     for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
  printinggnuplot(fileres,optionfilefiname,optionfile,optionfilegnuplot, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng); 
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/         if (ng==2)
  chdir(path);           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
           else
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);           i=1;
  free_ivector(num,1,n);         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);           k3=i;
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
  fclose(ficparo);             if (k != k2){
  fclose(ficres);               if(ng==2)
                  fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/               else
                  fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
   printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,optionfile,optionfilehtm,rfileres,optionfilegnuplot,version,popforecast,estepm);               ij=1;
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                     ij++;
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");                 }
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);                 else
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;               }
   }               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);               
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");               for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);                 ij=1;
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                     if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                     ij++;
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                   }
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                   else
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */                 }
   k=0;                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
   agebase=ageminpar;               }
   agelim=agemaxpar;               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
   ftolpl=1.e-10;               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
   i1=cptcoveff;               i=i+ncovmodel;
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}             }
            } /* end k */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){         } /* end k2 */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){       } /* end jk */
         k=k+1;     } /* end ng */
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/     fclose(ficgp); 
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");  }  /* end gnuplot */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");  /*************** Moving average **************/
          int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){  
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    int i, cpt, cptcod;
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );    int modcovmax =1;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int mobilavrange, mob;
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);    double age;
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");  
         }    modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
       }                             a covariate has 2 modalities */
     }    if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
   fclose(ficrespl);  
     if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/      if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
        else mobilavrange=mobilav;
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;          for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
   }            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
           fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;         we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/      */ 
       for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
   agelim=AGESUP;        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
   k=0;                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
       k=k+1;                }
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)            }
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);          }
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");        }/* end age */
              }/* end mob */
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */    }else return -1;
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    return 0;
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  }/* End movingaverage */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);    /************** Forecasting ******************/
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)       agemin, agemax range of age
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);       dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");       anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    */
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );    int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int *popage;
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    double agec; /* generic age */
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);    double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
              }    double ***p3mat;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    double ***mobaverage;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
         }  
     }    agelim=AGESUP;
   }    prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
    
   varprob(fileres, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileres);
   fclose(ficrespij);    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/    }
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);  
   }    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   else{  
     erreur=108;    if (mobilav!=0) {
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   }      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
          fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/      }
     }
   strcpy(filerest,"t");  
   strcat(filerest,fileres);    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;    if(estepm < stepm){
   }      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);    }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   
   strcpy(filerese,"e");    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
   strcat(filerese,fileres);    yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {                                 fractional in yp1 */
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);    anprojmean=yp;
   }    yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");    jprojmean=yp;
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);    if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);  
   }    i1=cptcoveff;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);    if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   calagedate=-1;    
 prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
   k=0;    fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
       k=k+1;    for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");        }
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");            fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)          fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        }
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");        for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);          fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);            for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
              nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm);            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
                hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
              for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");              if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);                fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");                for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
                   fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);                fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){              } 
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
         if (popbased==1) {                ppij=0.;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];                  if (mobilav==1) 
         }                    ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
                          else {
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);                    ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){                  }
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {                  if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];                    fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/                  }
           }                } /* end i */
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];                if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
         }                  fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
                 }
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)              }/* end j */
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)            } /* end h */
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));          } /* end agec */
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){        } /* end yearp */
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));      } /* end cptcod */
         }    } /* end  cptcov */
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");         
       }    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     }  
   }    fclose(ficresf);
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);  }
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);  
     free_vector(weight,1,n);  /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   fclose(ficreseij);  populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
   fclose(ficresvij);    
   fclose(ficrest);    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
   fclose(ficpar);    int *popage;
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);    double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
      double *popeffectif,*popcount;
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/      double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
     double ***mobaverage;
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");    char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);  
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {    tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     exit(0);    agelim=AGESUP;
   }    calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);    
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
   k=0;    
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
       k=k+1;    strcat(filerespop,fileres);
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");    }
          printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;  
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
     }  
  }    if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   fclose(ficresvpl);      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      }
      }
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
      if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
      
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    agelim=AGESUP;
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    hstepm=1;
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
      
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    if (popforecast==1) {
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);      if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);        printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
       } 
   if(erreur >0)      popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);      popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
   else   printf("End of Imach\n");      popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */      
        i=1;   
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/      while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/     
   /*------ End -----------*/      imx=i;
       for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
  end:  
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/    for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        k=k+1;
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/        fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);          fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
  strcat(plotcmd," ");        }
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);        fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
  system(plotcmd);        fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
  /*#ifdef windows*/        if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
   while (z[0] != 'q') {        
     /* chdir(path); */        for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
     scanf("%s",z);          
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);            
   }            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   /*#endif */            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
 }            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
                   tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
                     /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
                       if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                 }
               }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
                   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                     kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                   }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
   
               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
    
     /******/
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
               }
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
      } 
     }
    
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficrespop);
   } /* End of popforecast */
   
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
     int jj;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     char path[132],pathc[132],pathcd[132],pathtot[132],model[132];
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
   
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
   
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
     char *strt, *strtend;
     char *stratrunc;
     int lstra;
   
     long total_usecs;
     struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time;
     struct timezone tzp;
     extern int gettimeofday();
     struct tm tmg, tm, *gmtime(), *localtime();
     long time_value;
     extern long time();
    
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     strt=asctime(&tm);
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strt); */
   /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strt);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strt=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strt); 
   */
   
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       scanf("%s",pathtot);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 132)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("pathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
     replace(pathc,path);
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strt);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Localtime (at start)=%s",strt);
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
     
     /* Read guess parameters */
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       j=0;
       for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
         if(jj==i) continue;
         j++;
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
           exit(1);
         }
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           else
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }  
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     p=param[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     /* delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
           exit(1);
         }
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       }
     }
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
     /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%s",str);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
       for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1){
           printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       numlinepar++;
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
     }
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
       for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
      
     if(mle==1)
       printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
       
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         }
           
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         } 
         lstra=strlen(stra);
         if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
           stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
           num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
         }
         else
           num[i]=atol(stra);
           
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
           printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
         i=i+1;
       }
     }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);
     fclose(fic);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a
                                    month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     fclose(ficgp);
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,\
             model,fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strt);
     /*fclose(fichtm);*/
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);
   
   /*   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfilehtm); */
   /*   } */
   
   
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm, optionfilehtm)){ */
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
           imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
   /*     fclose(fichtm); */
   /*   } */
   
       pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
     printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
     for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
       printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
     printf("\n");
     globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
     likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
     printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
     for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
       printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
     printf("\n");
     if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
       mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
     }
       
     /*--------- results files --------------*/
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
     
   
     jk=1;
     fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) 
           {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
       }
     }
     if(mle!=0){
       /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
       ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
       hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if (j!=i) {
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             jk++;
           }
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     if(mle==1)
       printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     for(i=1,k=1;i<=npar;i++){
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
           i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
           fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
           printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
       */
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%3d",i);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1)
           printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       k++;
     }
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     estepm=0;
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
     if (fage <= 2) {
       bage = ageminpar;
       fage = agemaxpar;
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
     fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
    
   
     dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
     dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
   
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   
     /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
     /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
   
     printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
   
     printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                  model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                  jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
    
     /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
     chdir(path);
    
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
     free_lvector(num,1,n);
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);
     /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     fclose(ficparo);
     fclose(ficres);
   
   
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
     strcat(filerespl,fileres);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     ftolpl=1.e-10;
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
         printf("\n#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fclose(ficrespl);
   
     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
     fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
   
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
     fclose(ficrespij);
   
     probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
     /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
     if(prevfcast==1){
       /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
   /*      }  */
   /*      else{ */
   /*        erreur=108; */
   /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*      } */
     }
     
   
     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
     strcpy(filerest,"t");
     strcat(filerest,fileres);
     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
     strcpy(filerese,"e");
     strcat(filerese,fileres);
     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
     /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
     prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
   ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     */
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
         if(popbased==1){
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
         }
   
    
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav ==0){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
       }
     }
     free_vector(weight,1,n);
     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     
     /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
     }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
     /*  fclose(fichtm);*/
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/ /* ALready done */
     
   
     if(erreur >0){
       printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
     }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     strtend=asctime(&tm);
     printf("Localtime at start %s and at end=%s",strt, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Localtime at start %s and at end=%s",strt, strtend); 
     /*  printf("Total time used %d Sec\n", asc_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);*/
   
     printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Localtime at start %s and at end=%s<br>",strt, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     end:
   #ifdef windows
     /* chdir(pathcd);*/
   #endif 
    /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/
    /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
     strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     system(plotcmd);
     printf(" Wait...");
   
    /*#ifdef windows*/
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
       if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
       else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     /*#endif */
   }
   
   

Removed from v.1.41.2.1  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.87


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