Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.41.2.1 and 1.92

version 1.41.2.1, 2003/06/12 10:43:20 version 1.92, 2003/06/25 16:30:45
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain    $State$
     $Log$
   Short summary of the programme:    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
      (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a  
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the  
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    of the covariance matrix to be input.
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where  
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the    of the covariance matrix to be input.
   convergence.  
     Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not  
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into    Version 0.96
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.    
     Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be    routine fileappend.
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate  
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
   hPijx.    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
     assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    interview.
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
      we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    truncation)
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
   from the European Union.  
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
   **********************************************************************/    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
      parcimony.
 #include <math.h>    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
 #include <stdio.h>  
 #include <stdlib.h>    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
 #include <unistd.h>    *** empty log message ***
   
 #define MAXLINE 256    Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "wgnuplot"    Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/  
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80  */
 /*#define DEBUG*/  /*
      Interpolated Markov Chain
 /*#define windows*/  
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    Short summary of the programme:
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */    
     This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
     interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
 #define MAXN 20000    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
 #define AGESUP 130    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
 #define AGEBASE 40    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
     conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
     the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
 int erreur; /* Error number */    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
 int nvar;    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
 int cptcovn, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
 int npar=NPARMAX;    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */    convergence.
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
 int popbased=0;    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
     identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */  
 int mle, weightopt;    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop;    hPijx.
 FILE *ficreseij;  
   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
  FILE  *ficresvij;    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    
  FILE  *ficresvpl;    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
     This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
 #define NR_END 1    from the European Union.
 #define FREE_ARG char*    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
     can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
 #define NRANSI  
 #define ITMAX 200    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
     or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
 #define TOL 2.0e-4    
     **********************************************************************/
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  /*
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10    main
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);    read parameterfile
     read datafile
 #define GOLD 1.618034    concatwav
 #define GLIMIT 100.0    freqsummary
 #define TINY 1.0e-20    if (mle >= 1)
       mlikeli
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;    print results files
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    if mle==1 
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))       computes hessian
      read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))        begin-prev-date,...
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    open gnuplot file
     open html file
 static double sqrarg;    stable prevalence
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)     for age prevalim()
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}    h Pij x
     variance of p varprob
 int imx;    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
 int stepm;    health expectancies
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    Variance-covariance of DFLE
     prevalence()
 int estepm;     movingaverage()
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/    varevsij() 
     if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
 int m,nb;    total life expectancies
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;    Variance of stable prevalence
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;   end
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  */
 double dateintmean=0;  
   
 double *weight;  
 int **s; /* Status */   
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  #include <math.h>
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  #include <stdio.h>
   #include <stdlib.h>
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  #include <unistd.h>
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  
   #include <sys/time.h>
 /**************** split *************************/  #include <time.h>
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )  #include "timeval.h"
 {  
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  #define MAXLINE 256
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
   /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  /*#define DEBUG*/
 #ifdef windows  /*#define windows*/
    s = strrchr( path, '\\' );           /* find last / */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 #else  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
    s = strrchr( path, '/' );            /* find last / */  
 #endif  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */  
       extern char       *getwd( );  #define NINTERVMAX 8
   #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 #else  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
       extern char       *getcwd( );  #define MAXN 20000
   #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  #define AGESUP 130
 #endif  #define AGEBASE 40
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  #ifdef unix
       }  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  #else
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  #endif
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */  
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */  /* $Id$ */
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */  /* $State$ */
    }  
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  char version[]="Imach version 0.96a, June 2003, INED-EUROREVES ";
 #ifdef windows  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  int erreur, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
 #else  int nvar;
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
 #endif  int npar=NPARMAX;
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
    s++;  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
    l1= strlen( name);  int popbased=0;
    l2= strlen( s)+1;  
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 }  int gipmx, gsw; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
                      to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
   int mle, weightopt;
 /******************************************/  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
   int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
 {             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   int i;  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   int lg=20;  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
   i=0;  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
   lg=strlen(t);  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
     (s[i] = t[i]);  int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   }  long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */
 }  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  FILE *ficresilk;
 {  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
   int i,j=0;  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
   int lg=20;  FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
   i=0;  FILE *ficreseij;
   lg=strlen(s);  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {  FILE  *ficresvij;
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
   }  FILE  *ficresvpl;
   return j;  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 }  char title[MAXLINE];
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
 {  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
   int i,lg,j,p=0;  char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
   i=0;  int  outcmd=0;
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
   }  char lfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
   lg=strlen(t);  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
     (u[j] = t[j]);  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
   }  
      u[p]='\0';  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
   
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {  struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  struct timezone tzp;
   }  extern int gettimeofday();
 }  struct tm tmg, tm, tmf, *gmtime(), *localtime();
   long time_value;
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  extern long time();
   char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  
 {  #define NR_END 1
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  #define FREE_ARG char*
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
   exit(1);  
 }  #define NRANSI 
 /*********************** vector *******************/  #define ITMAX 200 
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)  
 {  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
   double *v;  
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
   return v-nl+NR_END;  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 }  
   #define GOLD 1.618034 
 /************************ free vector ******************/  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
 }  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 /************************ivector *******************************/    
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
 {  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
   int *v;  
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  static double sqrarg;
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
   return v-nl+NR_END;  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
 }  
   int imx; 
 /******************free ivector **************************/  int stepm;
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  int estepm;
 }  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/  int m,nb;
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  long *num;
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
 {  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;  double **pmmij, ***probs;
   int **m;  double dateintmean=0;
    
   /* allocate pointers to rows */  double *weight;
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));  int **s; /* Status */
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
   m += NR_END;  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
   m -= nrl;  
    double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
    double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */  
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  /**************** split *************************/
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  {
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
      int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  
      l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   return m;    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
 }    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
       /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)      /* get current working directory */
       int **m;      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
 {      }
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));      strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
 }      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
       l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
 /******************* matrix *******************************/      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
 {      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
   double **m;    }
     l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    /*#ifdef windows
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   m += NR_END;  #else
   m -= nrl;    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
   #endif
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    */
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    ss++;
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */
     l1= strlen( name);
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   return m;    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
 }    finame[l1-l2]= 0;
     return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
 /*************************free matrix ************************/  }
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  /******************************************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  
 }  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
   {
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    int i;
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)    int lg=0;
 {    i=0;
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;    lg=strlen(t);
   double ***m;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
       (s[i] = t[i]);
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    }
   m += NR_END;  }
   m -= nrl;  
   int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  {
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    int i,j=0;
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    int lg=20;
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    i=0;
     lg=strlen(s);
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
     if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    }
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");    return j;
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  }
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;  
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;  {
      /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    int i,lg,j,p=0;
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;    i=0;
   }    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
   return m;      if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
 }    }
   
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/    lg=strlen(t);
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
 {      (u[j] = t[j]);
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));    }
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));       u[p]='\0';
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  
 }     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
       if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
 /***************** f1dim *************************/    }
 extern int ncom;  }
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  /********************** nrerror ********************/
    
 double f1dim(double x)  void nrerror(char error_text[])
 {  {
   int j;    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
   double f;    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
   double *xt;    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
   xt=vector(1,ncom);  /*********************** vector *******************/
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);  {
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);    double *v;
   return f;    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 }    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
 /*****************brent *************************/  }
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  
 {  /************************ free vector ******************/
   int iter;  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
   double a,b,d,etemp;  {
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   double ftemp;  }
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;  
   double e=0.0;  /************************ivector *******************************/
    int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);  {
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    int *v;
   x=w=v=bx;    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {    return v-nl+NR_END;
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  }
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);  
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/  /******************free ivector **************************/
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
 #ifdef DEBUG  {
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */  }
 #endif  
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){  /************************lvector *******************************/
       *xmin=x;  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
       return fx;  {
     }    long *v;
     ftemp=fu;    v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);    return v-nl+NR_END;
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);  }
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;  
       q=2.0*(q-r);  /******************free lvector **************************/
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;  void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
       q=fabs(q);  {
       etemp=e;    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
       e=d;  }
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))  
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
       else {  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
         d=p/q;       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
         u=x+d;  { 
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);    int **m; 
       }    
     } else {    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
     }    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));    m += NR_END; 
     fu=(*f)(u);    m -= nrl; 
     if (fu <= fx) {    
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;    
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
         } else {    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
             v=w;    
             w=u;    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
             fv=fw;    
             fw=fu;    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {    return m; 
             v=u;  } 
             fv=fu;  
           }  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
         }  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
   }        int **m;
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
   *xmin=x;       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
   return fx;  { 
 }    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
     free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  } 
   
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  /******************* matrix *******************************/
             double (*func)(double))  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
 {  {
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
   double fu;    double **m;
    
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
   if (*fb > *fa) {    m += NR_END;
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    m -= nrl;
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)  
       }    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);    m[nrl] += NR_END;
   while (*fb > *fc) {    m[nrl] -= ncl;
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);  
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/    return m;
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) 
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);     */
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {  }
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {  /*************************free matrix ************************/
       fu=(*func)(u);  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
       if (fu < *fc) {  {
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
           }  }
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {  
       u=ulim;  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
       fu=(*func)(u);  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
     } else {  {
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
       fu=(*func)(u);    double ***m;
     }  
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
       }    m += NR_END;
 }    m -= nrl;
   
 /*************** linmin ************************/    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
     if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
 int ncom;    m[nrl] += NR_END;
 double *pcom,*xicom;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);  
      for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))  
 {    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
   double f1dim(double x);    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
   int j;    
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
   double fx,fb,fa;      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
        for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   ncom=n;        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
   pcom=vector(1,n);    }
   xicom=vector(1,n);    return m; 
   nrfunc=func;    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {             &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
     pcom[j]=p[j];    */
     xicom[j]=xi[j];  }
   }  
   ax=0.0;  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
   xx=1.0;  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  {
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
 #ifdef DEBUG    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
 #endif  }
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
     xi[j] *= xmin;  /***************** f1dim *************************/
     p[j] += xi[j];  extern int ncom; 
   }  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);   
 }  double f1dim(double x) 
   { 
 /*************** powell ************************/    int j; 
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,    double f;
             double (*func)(double []))    double *xt; 
 {   
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
               double (*func)(double []));    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
   int i,ibig,j;    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
   double fp,fptt;    return f; 
   double *xits;  } 
   pt=vector(1,n);  
   ptt=vector(1,n);  /*****************brent *************************/
   xit=vector(1,n);  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   xits=vector(1,n);  { 
   *fret=(*func)(p);    int iter; 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    double a,b,d,etemp;
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
     fp=(*fret);    double ftemp;
     ibig=0;    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
     del=0.0;    double e=0.0; 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);   
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
     printf("\n");    x=w=v=bx; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
       fptt=(*fret);      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
 #ifdef DEBUG      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
 #endif      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  #ifdef DEBUG
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
         ibig=i;      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
       }  #endif
 #ifdef DEBUG      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));        *xmin=x; 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        return fx; 
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);      } 
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);      ftemp=fu;
       }      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
       printf("\n");        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
 #endif        q=2.0*(q-r); 
     }        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {        q=fabs(q); 
 #ifdef DEBUG        etemp=e; 
       int k[2],l;        e=d; 
       k[0]=1;        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
       k[1]=-1;          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));        else { 
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)          d=p/q; 
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);          u=x+d; 
       printf("\n");          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        } 
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];      } else { 
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
         }      } 
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
       }      fu=(*f)(u); 
 #endif      if (fu <= fx) { 
         if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
         SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
       free_vector(xit,1,n);          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
       free_vector(xits,1,n);          } else { 
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
       return;              v=w; 
     }              w=u; 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");              fv=fw; 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {              fw=fu; 
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];              v=u; 
       pt[j]=p[j];              fv=fu; 
     }            } 
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);          } 
     if (fptt < fp) {    } 
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
       if (t < 0.0) {    *xmin=x; 
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    return fx; 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  } 
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];  
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
         }  
 #ifdef DEBUG  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);              double (*func)(double)) 
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)  { 
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
         printf("\n");    double fu; 
 #endif   
       }    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
     }    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
   }    if (*fb > *fa) { 
 }      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
         SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/        } 
     *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
 {    while (*fb > *fc) { 
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
       u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
   int i, ii,j,k;        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
   double **matprod2();      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();        fu=(*func)(u); 
   double **newm;      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */        fu=(*func)(u); 
         if (fu < *fc) { 
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);            } 
     }      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
         u=ulim; 
    cov[1]=1.;        fu=(*func)(u); 
        } else { 
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){        fu=(*func)(u); 
     newm=savm;      } 
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
      cov[2]=agefin;        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
          } 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {  } 
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];  
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/  /*************** linmin ************************/
       }  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  int ncom; 
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  double *pcom,*xicom;
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
    
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/  { 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
     double f1dim(double x); 
     savm=oldm;    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
     oldm=newm;                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
     maxmax=0.;    int j; 
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
       min=1.;    double fx,fb,fa;
       max=0.;   
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {    ncom=n; 
         sumnew=0;    pcom=vector(1,n); 
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];    xicom=vector(1,n); 
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);    nrfunc=func; 
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
       }      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
       maxmin=max-min;    } 
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);    ax=0.0; 
     }    xx=1.0; 
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
       return prlim;    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
     }  #ifdef DEBUG
   }    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
 }    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   #endif
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       xi[j] *= xmin; 
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )      p[j] += xi[j]; 
 {    } 
   double s1, s2;    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
   /*double t34;*/    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;  } 
   
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){  {
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/    days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
       }    sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
       ps[i][j]=s2;    minutes = (sec_left) /60;
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
     }    sprintf(ascdiff,"%d day(s) %d hour(s) %d minute(s) %d second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    return ascdiff;
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  }
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];  
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/  /*************** powell ************************/
       }  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
       ps[i][j]=s2;              double (*func)(double [])) 
     }  { 
   }    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/                double (*func)(double [])); 
     int i,ibig,j; 
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
      s1=0;    double fp,fptt;
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    double *xits;
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    int niterf, itmp;
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)  
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);    pt=vector(1,n); 
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);    ptt=vector(1,n); 
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    xit=vector(1,n); 
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    xits=vector(1,n); 
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    *fret=(*func)(p); 
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
   } /* end i */      fp=(*fret); 
       ibig=0; 
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){      del=0.0; 
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){      last_time=curr_time;
       ps[ii][jj]=0;      (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp);
       ps[ii][ii]=1;      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);fflush(stdout);
     }      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);
   }      fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);
       for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
         printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);      }
    }      printf("\n");
     printf("\n ");      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/      if(*iter <=3){
 /*        tm = *localtime(&curr_time.tv_sec);
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);        strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tmf));
   goto end;*/  /*       asctime_r(&tm,strcurr); */
     return ps;        forecast_time=curr_time;
 }        itmp = strlen(strcurr);
         if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/          strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
         printf("\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
 {        for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times          forecast_time.tv_sec=curr_time.tv_sec+(niterf-*iter)*(curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */          tmf = *localtime(&forecast_time.tv_sec);
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized  /*      asctime_r(&tmf,strfor); */
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns          strcpy(strfor,asctime(&tmf));
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */          itmp = strlen(strfor);
   long i, j, k;          if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)          strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)          printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s or\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)          fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s or\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];        }
       }
   return out;      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
 }        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
         fptt=(*fret); 
   #ifdef DEBUG
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
         fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )  #endif
 {        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
      duration (i.e. until        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).          ibig=i; 
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be        } 
      included manually here.  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
      */        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   int i, j, d, h, k;          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
   double **newm;          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
         }
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        }
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        printf("\n");
     }        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */  #endif
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){      } 
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
       newm=savm;  #ifdef DEBUG
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */        int k[2],l;
       cov[1]=1.;        k[0]=1;
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;        k[1]=-1;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
         }
         printf("\n");
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
       savm=oldm;            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
       oldm=newm;            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
     }          }
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];        }
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);  #endif
          */  
       }  
   } /* end h */        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
   return po;        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
 }        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
         free_vector(pt,1,n); 
         return; 
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/      } 
 double func( double *x)      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
 {      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
   double **out;        pt[j]=p[j]; 
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */      } 
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
   long ipmx;      if (fptt < fp) { 
   /*extern weight */        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */        if (t < 0.0) { 
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
   */            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
   cov[1]=1.;          }
   #ifdef DEBUG
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);          }
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){          printf("\n");
         newm=savm;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;  #endif
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {        }
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];      } 
         }    } 
          } 
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));  /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
         savm=oldm;  
         oldm=newm;  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
          {
            /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
       } /* end mult */       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
        
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);    int i, ii,j,k;
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
       ipmx +=1;    double **matprod2();
       sw += weight[i];    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;    double **newm;
     } /* end of wave */    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
   } /* end of individual */  
     for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */      }
   return -l;  
 }     cov[1]=1.;
    
    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
       newm=savm;
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
 {       cov[2]=agefin;
   int i,j, iter;    
   double **xi,*delti;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
   double fret;          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)        }
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
   printf("Powell\n");          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);  
         /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
       out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
 }  
       savm=oldm;
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/      oldm=newm;
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))      maxmax=0.;
 {      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;        min=1.;
   double **hess;        max=0.;
   int i, j,jk;        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
   int *indx;          sumnew=0;
           for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;        }
         maxmin=max-min;
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
       }
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){        return prlim;
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);      }
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);    }
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/  }
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/  
   }  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
    
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {  {
       if (j>i) {    double s1, s2;
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);    /*double t34;*/
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];      
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       }      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
     }        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   }          /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
   printf("\n");          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
           /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");        }
          ps[i][j]=s2;
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);      }
   x=vector(1,npar);      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   indx=ivector(1,npar);        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];          /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);        }
         ps[i][j]=s2;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {      }
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;    }
     x[j]=1;      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];       s1=0;
     }      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
   }        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
       for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
     }      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
     printf("\n");        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
   }      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
     } /* end i */
   /* Recompute Inverse */  
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);        ps[ii][jj]=0;
         ps[ii][ii]=1;
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");      }
     }
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  
     x[j]=1;    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
       y[i][j]=x[i];     }
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);      printf("\n ");
     }      }
     printf("\n");      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   }  /*
   */    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
     goto end;*/
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);      return ps;
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);  }
   free_vector(x,1,npar);  
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);  
   double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
   {
 }    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
        b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
 {       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
   int i;    long i, j, k;
   int l=1, lmax=20;    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
   double k1,k2;      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];        for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
   double res;          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;  
   double fx;    return out;
   int k=0,kmax=10;  }
   double l1;  
   
   fx=func(x);  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
     l1=pow(10,l);  {
     delts=delt;    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
       delt = delta*(l1*k);       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
       k1=func(p2)-fx;       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
       k2=func(p2)-fx;       for the memory).
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */       included manually here. 
        
 #ifdef DEBUG       */
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);  
 #endif    int i, j, d, h, k;
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){    double **newm;
         k=kmax;  
       }    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       }        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         delts=delt;      }
       }    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     }    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
   }      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
   delti[theta]=delts;        newm=savm;
   return res;        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
          cov[1]=1.;
 }        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
 {          cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
   int i;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;  
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  
   int k;        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
         /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
   fx=func(x);        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];        savm=oldm;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;        oldm=newm;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;      }
     k1=func(p2)-fx;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
     k2=func(p2)-fx;           */
          }
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;    } /* end h */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;    return po;
     k3=func(p2)-fx;  }
    
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
     k4=func(p2)-fx;  double func( double *x)
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */  {
 #ifdef DEBUG    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
 #endif    double **out;
   }    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   return res;    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
 }    int s1, s2;
     double bbh, survp;
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/    long ipmx;
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)    /*extern weight */
 {    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   int i,imax,j,k;    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
   double big,dum,sum,temp;    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
   double *vv;      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
      */
   vv=vector(1,n);    cov[1]=1.;
   *d=1.0;  
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
     big=0.0;  
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)    if(mle==1){
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     vv[i]=1.0/big;        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       sum=a[i][j];              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];            }
       a[i][j]=sum;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     }            newm=savm;
     big=0.0;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       sum=a[i][j];              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)            }
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       a[i][j]=sum;                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {            savm=oldm;
         big=dum;            oldm=newm;
         imax=i;          } /* end mult */
       }        
     }          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     if (j != imax) {          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
         dum=a[imax][k];           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
         a[j][k]=dum;           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
       }           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
       *d = -(*d);           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
       vv[imax]=vv[j];           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
     }           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
     indx[j]=imax;           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
     if (j != n) {           */
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     }          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   }          /* bias is positive if real duration
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
 ;           */
 }          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
           if( s2 > nlstate){ 
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known then the contribution
 {               to the likelihood is the probability to die between last step unit time and current 
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;               step unit time, which is also the differences between probability to die before dh 
   double sum;               and probability to die before dh-stepm . 
                 In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
     ip=indx[i];          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
     sum=b[ip];          and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
     b[ip]=b[i];          to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
     if (ii)          (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];          introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
     else if (sum) ii=i;          the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
     b[i]=sum;          contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
   }          stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {          and month of death but the probability to survive from last
     sum=b[i];          interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];          probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];          Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
   }          mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
 }          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
           lower mortality.
 /************ Frequencies ********************/            */
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
 {  /* Some frequencies */          }else{
              lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */          } 
   double *pp;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   FILE *ficresp;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];          ipmx +=1;
            sw += weight[i];
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        } /* end of wave */
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");      } /* end of individual */
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);    }  else if(mle==2){
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     exit(0);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   j1=0;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   j=cptcoveff;            }
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
              newm=savm;
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       j1++;              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);            }
         scanf("%d", i);*/            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)                           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)              savm=oldm;
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)            oldm=newm;
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;          } /* end mult */
              
       dateintsum=0;          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
       k2cpt=0;          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
         bool=1;           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
         if  (cptcovn>0) {           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
               bool=0;           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
         }           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
         if (bool==1) {           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {           */
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
               if (m<lastpass) {          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];          /* bias is positive if real duration
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
               }           */
                        lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;          /*lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.-+bh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* exponential interpolation */
                 k2cpt++;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
               }          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
             }          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
           }          ipmx +=1;
         }          sw += weight[i];
       }          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
                } /* end of wave */
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);      } /* end of individual */
     }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
       if  (cptcovn>0) {      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       }            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");            }
                for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){            newm=savm;
         if(i==(int)agemax+3)            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
           printf("Total");            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         else              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
           printf("Age %d", i);            }
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];            savm=oldm;
         }            oldm=newm;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          } /* end mult */
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)        
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
           else           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
         }           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
            * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
         }           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
            * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)           */
           pos += pp[jk];          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           if(pos>=1.e-5)          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
             printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);          /* bias is positive if real duration
           else           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
             printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);           */
           if( i <= (int) agemax){          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* linear interpolation */
             if(pos>=1.e-5){          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
             }          ipmx +=1;
             else          sw += weight[i];
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           }        } /* end of wave */
         }      } /* end of individual */
            }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         if(i <= (int) agemax)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         printf("\n");              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     }            }
   }          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;            newm=savm;
              cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   fclose(ficresp);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);            }
            
   /* End of Freq */            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
 }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
             savm=oldm;
 /************ Prevalence ********************/            oldm=newm;
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)          } /* end mult */
 {  /* Some frequencies */        
            s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
   double *pp;            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   double pos, k2;          }else{
             lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);          }
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          ipmx +=1;
            sw += weight[i];
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   j1=0;  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
          } /* end of wave */
   j=cptcoveff;      } /* end of individual */
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
        for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
  for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
       j1++;          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
              for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)                oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)                savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)            }
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
                  newm=savm;
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
         bool=1;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         if  (cptcovn>0) {              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)            }
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])          
               bool=0;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
         }                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         if (bool==1) {            savm=oldm;
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){            oldm=newm;
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);          } /* end mult */
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {        
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
               if (m<lastpass)          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
                 if (calagedate>0) freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];          ipmx +=1;
               else          sw += weight[i];
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
                freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
             }        } /* end of wave */
           }      } /* end of individual */
         }    } /* End of if */
       }    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
         for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
             for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)    return -l;
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  }
           }  
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)  double funcone( double *x)
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];  {
         }    /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
            int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    double **out;
              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
          }    double llt;
              int s1, s2;
          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];    double bbh, survp;
     /*extern weight */
          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){              /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
            if( i <= (int) agemax){    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
              if(pos>=1.e-5){    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
              }    */
            }    cov[1]=1.;
          }  
              for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
         }  
     }    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   }      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);            oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 }  /* End of Freq */          }
         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/          newm=savm;
           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
 {            cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.          }
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]          savm=oldm;
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.          oldm=newm;
      */        } /* end mult */
         
   int i, mi, m;        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
         /* bias is positive if real duration
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;         * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   double sum=0.;         */
   jmin=1e+5;        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
   jmax=-1;          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   jmean=0.;        } else if (mle==1){
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
     mi=0;        } else if(mle==2){
     m=firstpass;          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){        } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
       if(s[m][i]>=1)          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
         mw[++mi][i]=m;        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
       if(m >=lastpass)          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
         break;        } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
       else          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
         m++;        } /* End of if */
     }/* end while */        ipmx +=1;
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){        sw += weight[i];
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */  /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
          /* Only death is a correct wave */        if(globpr){
       mw[mi][i]=m;          fprintf(ficresilk,"%9d %6d %1d %1d %1d %1d %3d %10.6f %6.4f\
     }   %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f ", \
                   num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
     wav[i]=mi;                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
     if(mi==0)          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);            llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
   }            fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
           }
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){        }
       if (stepm <=0)      } /* end of wave */
         dh[mi][i]=1;    } /* end of individual */
       else{    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);    if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */      gipmx=ipmx;
           k=k+1;      gsw=sw;
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    }
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;    return -l;
           sum=sum+j;  }
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */  
           }  char *subdirf(char fileres[])
         }  {
         else{    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
           k=k+1;    strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;    return tmpout;
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */  }
           sum=sum+j;  
         }  char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
         jk= j/stepm;  {
         jl= j -jk*stepm;    
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
         if(jl <= -ju)    strcat(tmpout,"/");
           dh[mi][i]=jk;    strcat(tmpout,preop);
         else    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;    return tmpout;
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)  }
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
       }  {
     }    
   }    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
   jmean=sum/k;    strcat(tmpout,"/");
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    strcat(tmpout,preop);
  }    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)    return tmpout;
 {  }
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;  
   int cptcode=0;  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
   cptcoveff=0;  {
      /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;       the selection of individuals/waves and
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;       to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
        Plotting could be done.
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {     */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    int k;
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);  
       Ndum[ij]++;    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/      strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;      strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
     }      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;      }
     }      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
     ij=1;      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight 2wlli out sav ");
       /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
       for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {    }
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;  
              *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
           ij++;    if(*globpri !=0){
         }      fclose(ficresilk);
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
       }        fflush(fichtm); 
     }    } 
   }      return;
   }
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;  
   
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
       ij=Tvar[i];  
       Ndum[ij]++;  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
     }  {
     int i,j, iter;
  ij=1;    double **xi;
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {    double fret;
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;    char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
      ij++;    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
    }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
  }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
          xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     cptcoveff=ij-1;    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
 }    strcpy(filerespow,"pow"); 
     strcat(filerespow,fileres);
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
     }
 {    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
   /* Health expectancies */    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   double age, agelim, hf;        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  
   double *xp;    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   double **gp, **gm;  
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;    fclose(ficrespow);
   int theta;    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
   xp=vector(1,npar);  
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  }
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);  
    /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");  {
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    double **hess;
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    int i, j,jk;
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    int *indx;
   
   if(estepm < stepm){    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
   }    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
   else  hstepm=estepm;      void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months  
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them  
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
       /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */    }
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.    
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size        if (j>i) { 
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.        }
   */      }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */    }
     printf("\n");
   agelim=AGESUP;    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */  
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */    
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    x=vector(1,npar);
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);    indx=ivector(1,npar);
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
     ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored  
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);        for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
        x[j]=1;
       lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
         matcov[i][j]=x[i];
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */      }
     }
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){  
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
       }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);        for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
          printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
       cptj=0;        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){      }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){      printf("\n");
           cptj=cptj+1;      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    }
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;  
           }    /* Recompute Inverse */
         }    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
       }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
          ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
        
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
            for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
       cptj=0;      x[j]=1;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
           cptj=cptj+1;        y[i][j]=x[i];
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
           }      }
         }      printf("\n");
       }      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
          }
        */
   
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];    free_vector(x,1,npar);
         }    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
     free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
      }  
      
 /* End theta */  }
   
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
   double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)  {
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)    int i;
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    int l=1, lmax=20;
         trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    double k1,k2;
     double p2[NPARMAX+1];
     double res;
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)    double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)    double fx;
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;    int k=0,kmax=10;
     double l1;
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){  
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){    fx=func(x);
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)      l1=pow(10,l);
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)      delts=delt;
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
       }        delt = delta*(l1*k);
     }        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
         k1=func(p2)-fx;
              p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
     /* Computing expectancies */        k2=func(p2)-fx;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){        
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;  #ifdef DEBUG
                  printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   #endif
         }        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
         if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );          k=kmax;
     cptj=0;        }
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
         cptj++;        }
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
       }          delts=delt;
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");        }
          }
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    }
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    delti[theta]=delts;
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);    return res; 
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  }
   }  
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);  {
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);    int i;
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
 }    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
     double p2[NPARMAX+1];
 /************ Variance ******************/    int k;
 void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm)  
 {    fx=func(x);
   /* Variance of health expectancies */    for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   double **newm;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;      k1=func(p2)-fx;
   int k, cptcode;    
   double *xp;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
   double **gp, **gm;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;      k2=func(p2)-fx;
   double ***p3mat;    
   double age,agelim, hf;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
   int theta;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       k3=func(p2)-fx;
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");    
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      k4=func(p2)-fx;
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
   xp=vector(1,npar);      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);  #endif
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    }
      return res;
   if(estepm < stepm){  }
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);  
   }  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
   else  hstepm=estepm;    void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */  { 
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.    int i,imax,j,k; 
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.    double *vv; 
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size   
      and note for a fixed period like k years */    vv=vector(1,n); 
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the    *d=1.0; 
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if      big=0.0; 
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
   */      if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
   agelim = AGESUP;    } 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */        sum=a[i][j]; 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);        a[i][j]=sum; 
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      } 
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      big=0.0; 
       for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        sum=a[i][j]; 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
       }        a[i][j]=sum; 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          big=dum; 
           imax=i; 
       if (popbased==1) {        } 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      } 
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];      if (j != imax) { 
       }        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
            dum=a[imax][k]; 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          a[j][k]=dum; 
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)        } 
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];        *d = -(*d); 
         }        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
       }      } 
          indx[j]=imax; 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      if (j != n) { 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
        } 
       if (popbased==1) {    } 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  ;
       }  } 
   
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  { 
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];    double sum; 
         }   
       }    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       ip=indx[i]; 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)      sum=b[ip]; 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      b[ip]=b[i]; 
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];      if (ii) 
         }        for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     } /* End theta */      else if (sum) ii=i; 
       b[i]=sum; 
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    } 
     for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)      sum=b[i]; 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];    } 
   } 
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */  
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  /************ Frequencies ********************/
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint)
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;  {  /* Some frequencies */
     
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){    int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){    int first;
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);    double *pp, **prop;
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)    FILE *ficresp;
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
       }    
     }    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
     prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");      exit(0);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);    }
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);    freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);    j1=0;
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    j=cptcoveff;
   } /* End age */    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
    
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    first=1;
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
       for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
 }        j1++;
         /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/          scanf("%d", i);*/
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
 {          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
   double **newm;  
   double **dnewm,**doldm;      for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;        for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
   int k, cptcode;          prop[i][m]=0;
   double *xp;        
   double *gp, *gm;        dateintsum=0;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;        k2cpt=0;
   double age,agelim;        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
   int theta;          bool=1;
              if  (cptcovn>0) {
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                bool=0;
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);          }
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");          if (bool==1){
             for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
   xp=vector(1,npar);              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);              /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
                  if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */                if (m<lastpass) {
   agelim = AGESUP;                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */                }
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;                
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);                  dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);                  k2cpt++;
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);                }
                 /*}*/
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){            }
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */          }
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        }
       }         
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];        if  (cptcovn>0) {
              fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
     } /* End theta */          if(i==iagemax+3){
             fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);          }else{
             if(first==1){
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)              first=0;
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)              printf("See log file for details...\n");
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];            }
             fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          }
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          }
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));              if(first==1){
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);              }
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);            }else{
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);              if(first==1)
   } /* End age */                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
               fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);            }
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);          }
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
 }            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
               pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/          }       
 void varprob(char fileres[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)          for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
 {            pos += pp[jk];
   int i, j, i1, k1, j1, z1;            posprop += prop[jk][i];
   int k=0, cptcode;          }
   double **dnewm,**doldm;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   double *xp;            if(pos>=1.e-5){
   double *gp, *gm;              if(first==1)
   double **gradg, **trgradg;                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
   int theta;            }else{
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];              if(first==1)
                 printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);            }
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {            if( i <= iagemax){
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);              if(pos>=1.e-5){
   }                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);                /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
                  /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
 fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and standard deviation in parentheses\n");              }
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");              else
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++)            }
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);          }
           
           for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");            for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
               if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
               if(first==1)
   xp=vector(1,npar);                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));              }
            if(i <= iagemax)
   cov[1]=1;            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
   j=cptcoveff;          if(first==1)
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}            printf("Others in log...\n");
   j1=0;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   for(k1=1; k1<=1;k1++){        }
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){      }
     j1++;    }
     dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
     if  (cptcovn>0) {   
       fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");    fclose(ficresp);
       for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
       fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
     }    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
        /* End of Freq */
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){  }
         cov[2]=age;  
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {  /************ Prevalence ********************/
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];  void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
            {  
         }    /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];       in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)       We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    */
           
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,9);    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
         trgradg=matrix(1,9,1,npar);    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));    double *pp, **prop;
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));    double pos,posprop; 
        double  y2; /* in fractional years */
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    int iagemin, iagemax;
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)  
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    iagemin= (int) agemin;
              iagemax= (int) agemax;
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);    /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
              prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); 
           k=0;    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath); i++){    j1=0;
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    
               k=k+1;    j=cptcoveff;
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
             }    
           }    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
                for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)        j1++;
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        
            for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
           k=0;            prop[i][m]=0.0;
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){       
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
               k=k+1;          bool=1;
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];          if  (cptcovn>0) {
             }            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
           }              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
                      bool=0;
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)          } 
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];            if (bool==1) { 
         }            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
               y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)              if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];                if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
                        if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m); 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,9,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);                if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,9,1,npar,1,9,gradg);                  /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
                          prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);                  prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
                        } 
         k=0;              }
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath); i++){            } /* end selection of waves */
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){          }
             k=k+1;        }
             gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];        for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
           }          
         }          for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
                  posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
      /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);          } 
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++){  
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
      }*/            if( i <=  iagemax){ 
               if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
               } 
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath-1);i++)            } 
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%.3e (%.3e) ",gm[i],sqrt(doldm[i][i]));          }/* end jk */ 
          }/* end i */ 
       }      } /* end i1 */
     }    } /* end k1 */
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));    
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
   }  }  /* End of prevalence */
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  
   fclose(ficresprob);  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
    
 }  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
   {
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
  int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
  int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char optionfile[], \       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
  char optionfilehtm[],char rfileres[], char optionfilegnuplot[],\       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
  char version[], int popforecast, int estepm ){       */
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;  
   FILE *fichtm;    int i, mi, m;
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
        double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);    int first;
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {    double sum=0.;
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);    first=0;
   }    jmin=1e+5;
     jmax=-1;
  fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n    jmean=0.;
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
 \n      mi=0;
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n      m=firstpass;
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">        if(s[m][i]>=1)
  <ul><li>Outputs files<br>\n          mw[++mi][i]=m;
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n        if(m >=lastpass)
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n          break;
  - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n        else
  - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n          m++;
  - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n      }/* end while */
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
         mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n           /* Only death is a correct wave */
   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n        mw[mi][i]=m;
  - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n      }
  - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n  
  - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);      wav[i]=mi;
       if(mi==0){
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n        nbwarn++;
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n        if(first==0){
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n          printf("Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);          first=1;
  else        }
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);        if(first==1){
 fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs</li><p>");          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
         }
  m=cptcoveff;      } /* end mi==0 */
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    } /* End individuals */
   
  jj1=0;    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        if (stepm <=0)
        jj1++;          dh[mi][i]=1;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {        else{
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");          if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);              j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");              if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
        }              else if(j<0){
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probabilities: pe%s%d.gif<br>                nberr++;
 <img src=\"pe%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);                    printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){                j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Prevalence of disability : p%s%d%d.gif<br>                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);                fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
        }                fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
     for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {              }
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident              k=k+1;
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.gif <br>              if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);                if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
      }              sum=sum+j;
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.gif <br>              /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.gif\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);            }
      }          }
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and          else{
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.gif<br>            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
 <img src=\"e%s%d.gif\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);            /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
 fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");            k=k+1;
    }            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
    }            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
 fclose(fichtm);            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
 }            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
             if(j<0){
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/              nberr++;
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[],char optionfilefiname[],char optionfile[],char optionfilegnuplot[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){              printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;            }
             sum=sum+j;
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);          }
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp.txt");          jk= j/stepm;
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {          jl= j -jk*stepm;
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
   }          if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
             if(jl==0){
 #ifdef windows              dh[mi][i]=jk;
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);              bh[mi][i]=0;
 #endif            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
                dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
  /* 1eme*/              bh[mi][i]=ju;
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {            }
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {          }else{
             if(jl <= -ju){
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);              dh[mi][i]=jk;
               bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {                                   * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");                                   */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");            }
 }            else{
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {              bh[mi][i]=ju;
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");            }
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
 }              dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);              bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {              /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");            }
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          } /* end if mle */
 }          }
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));      } /* end wave */
     }
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    jmean=sum/k;
    }    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
   }    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
   /*2 eme*/   }
   
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
      {
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {    
       k=2*i;    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    int cptcode=0;
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {    cptcoveff=0; 
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");   
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
 }      for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");  
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);    for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {                                 modality*/ 
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
 }          /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      }
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");  
 }        for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");      }
     }  
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);      ij=1; 
   }      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
          for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
   /*3eme*/          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
             nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {            /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {            
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);            ij++;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);          }
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");        }  
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);      } 
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);    }  
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");  
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   
 */   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);     ij=Tvar[i];
      Ndum[ij]++;
       }   }
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);  
     }   ij=1;
     }   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
       if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
   /* CV preval stat */       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {       ij++;
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {     }
       k=3;   }
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);   
    cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)  }
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);  
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);  /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
        
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);  
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {  {
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;    /* Health expectancies */
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
       }    double age, agelim, hf;
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);      double ***p3mat,***varhe;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     }    double *xp;
   }      double **gp, **gm;
      double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
   /* proba elementaires */    int theta;
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){  
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
       if (k != i) {    xp=vector(1,npar);
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
            doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);    
           jk++;    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
         }    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       }      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
     }        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
     }    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   
     for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {    if(estepm < stepm){
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
    i=1;    }
    for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {    else  hstepm=estepm;   
      k3=i;    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
        if (k != k2){     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
         fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
 ij=1;     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
         for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
             ij++;     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
           }     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
           else  
           fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
         }    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
           fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
               nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
         for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){         Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
           fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
 ij=1;    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
           for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
           if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
             ij++;       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
           }    */
           else    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
             fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);  
           }    agelim=AGESUP;
           fprintf(ficgp,")");    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
         }      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
         fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
         if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
         i=i+ncovmodel;      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
        }      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
      }      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
    }      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk);      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
    }      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
      
   fclose(ficgp);      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
 }  /* end gnuplot */         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
    
 /*************** Moving average **************/  
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   
   int i, cpt, cptcod;      /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)  
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
            }
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){    
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){        cptj=0;
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
           }            cptj=cptj+1;
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
         }              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
       }            }
     }          }
            }
 }       
        
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
 /************** Forecasting ******************/          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
          
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;        cptj=0;
   int *popage;        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;            cptj=cptj+1;
   double ***p3mat;            for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];  
               gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
  agelim=AGESUP;            }
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;          }
         }
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
              gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");          }
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);       } 
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {     
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);  /* End theta */
   }  
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
   
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
   if (mobilav==1) {          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);       
   }  
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;          varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
    
   agelim=AGESUP;       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
   hstepm=1;       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   anprojmean=yp;          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
   mprojmean=yp;            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
   jprojmean=yp;        }
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;      }
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;      /* Computing expectancies */
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
            for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){            
       k=k+1;  /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {          }
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
       }      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");      cptj=0;
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                cptj++;
                fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {        }
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);       
       free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
                free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    }
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    printf("\n");
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
          
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
             }    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {  }
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;  
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                /************ Variance ******************/
                 if (mobilav==1)  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];  {
                 else {    /* Variance of health expectancies */
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
                 }    /* double **newm;*/
                    double **dnewm,**doldm;
               }    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);    int k, cptcode;
                            double *xp;
               }    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
             }    double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
           }    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
         }    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
       }    double ***p3mat;
     }    double age,agelim, hf;
   }    double ***mobaverage;
            int theta;
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    char digit[4];
     char digitp[25];
   fclose(ficresf);  
 }    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
 /************** Forecasting ******************/  
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){    if(popbased==1){
        if(mobilav!=0)
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
   int *popage;      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;    }
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;    else 
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];  
     if (mobilav!=0) {
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
   agelim=AGESUP;        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
        }
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    }
    
      strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
   }    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
     }
   if (mobilav==1) {    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
   }    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
   agelim=AGESUP;    }  
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   hstepm=1;    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   if (popforecast==1) {  /*   } */
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);  
     }    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
            fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
     i=1;      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;  
        xp=vector(1,npar);
     imx=i;    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   }    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
     doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){  
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       k=k+1;    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    
       }    if(estepm < stepm){
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");    }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
          /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);         nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
               Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){       and note for a fixed period like k years */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
                 means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      */
            hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){    agelim = AGESUP;
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
             }      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                    gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
                 if (mobilav==1)      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];  
                 else {  
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
                 }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
               }          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){        }
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/  
               }        if (popbased==1) {
             }          if(mobilav ==0){
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               kk1=0.;              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 }              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];          }
             }        }
     
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
           }            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
         }          }
       }        }
          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
   /******/           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
            as a weighted average of prlim.
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {        */
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);            gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;        }    
                  /* end probability of death */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);            xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);   
             }        if (popbased==1) {
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {          if(mobilav ==0){
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];              }else{ /* mobilav */ 
               }            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
             }          }
           }        }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
         }        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
       }          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
    }            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
   }              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
            }
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        }
         /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
   if (popforecast==1) {           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);           as a weighted average of prlim.
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);        */
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   }          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        }    
   fclose(ficrespop);        /* end probability of death */
 }  
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
 /***********************************************/          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
 /**************** Main Program *****************/            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
 /***********************************************/          }
   
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
 {          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
         }
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;  
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;      } /* End theta */
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;  
       trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
   double fret;  
   double **xi,tmp,delta;      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   double ***p3mat;            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
   int *indx;  
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
   char title[MAXLINE];        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];          trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
   char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];    
    
   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];  
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[20];      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   int c,  h , cpt,l;          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
   int ju,jl, mi;          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;        }
   int hstepm, nhstepm;      }
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;    
       /* pptj */
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   double ftolpl=FTOL;      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
   double **prlim;      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   double *severity;        for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
   double  *p;      /* end ppptj */
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */      /*  x centered again */
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   double *delti; /* Scale */      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   double ***eij, ***vareij;   
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */      if (popbased==1) {
   double *epj, vepp;        if(mobilav ==0){
   double kk1, kk2;          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   char version[80]="Imach version 0.8a, May 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";            prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];        }
       }
                
   char z[1]="c", occ;      /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
 #include <sys/time.h>         computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
 #include <time.h>         as a weighted average of prlim.
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];      */
        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   /* long total_usecs;        for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
        }    
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */      /* end probability of death */
   getcwd(pathcd, size);  
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
   printf("\n%s",version);      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   if(argc <=1){        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
     scanf("%s",pathtot);          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
   }        }
   else{      } 
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   }  
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/          fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
         }
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   chdir(path);      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
   replace(pathc,path);      free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     } /* End age */
   strcpy(fileres,"r");    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
   /*---------arguments file --------*/    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
     /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
     goto end;  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   }  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   strcpy(filereso,"o");    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   strcat(filereso,fileres);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
   }    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
   */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.png\";replot;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     puts(line);    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     fputs(line,ficparo);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
   }    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
     free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    fflush(ficgp);
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    fflush(fichtm); 
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  }  /* end varevsij */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
     fputs(line,ficparo);  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
   }  {
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
      /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
        double **newm;
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   cptcovn=0;    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;    int k, cptcode;
     double *xp;
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;    double *gp, *gm;
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */    double **gradg, **trgradg;
      double age,agelim;
   /* Read guess parameters */    int theta;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */     
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     puts(line);        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fputs(line,ficparo);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)    
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);    agelim = AGESUP;
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);      if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       }      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
       printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
            xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;        }
         prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   p=param[1][1];        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
            gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     puts(line);        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
     fputs(line,ficparo);          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);      } /* End theta */
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */  
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){  
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);        varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       }      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       printf("\n");        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  
     }      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
   }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   delti=delti3[1][1];        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
        fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     puts(line);    } /* End age */
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
   }    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
      free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){  }
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);  
     printf("%s",str);  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){  {
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);    int k=0,l, cptcode;
     }    int first=1, first1;
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
     printf("\n");    double **dnewm,**doldm;
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");    double *xp;
   }    double *gp, *gm;
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)    double **gradg, **trgradg;
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)    double **mu;
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
        double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
   printf("\n");    int theta;
     char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
     char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */  
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/    double ***varpij;
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */  
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
     }      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
        }
     /*-------- data file ----------*/    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
     }      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
     n= lastobs;    }
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);    strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
     num=ivector(1,n);    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
     moisnais=vector(1,n);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
     annais=vector(1,n);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);    }
     andc=vector(1,n);    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
     agedc=vector(1,n);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
     cod=ivector(1,n);    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
     weight=vector(1,n);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);    
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);        fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
     i=1;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {  
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {  
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
           strcpy(line,stra);        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      }  
         }   /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);   */
    xp=vector(1,npar);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){    first=1;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
         }    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
         num[i]=atol(stra);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
          
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</a></h4></li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h4>Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4>\n\
     file %s<br>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
         i=i+1;    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated\
       }  and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
     }   They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
        scanf("%d",i);*/  It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */  would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
   standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){   Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;   and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;  To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;  
     }*/    cov[1]=1;
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){    tj=cptcoveff;
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/    j1=0;
      for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
        for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/        j1++;
   Tvar=ivector(1,15);        if  (cptcovn>0) {
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
   Tage=ivector(1,15);                fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
              for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
   if (strlen(model) >1){          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;          
     j=nbocc(model,'+');          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     cptcovn=j+1;          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
     cptcovprod=j1;          
              
     strcpy(modelsav,model);          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);          fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
       goto end;          
     }          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
              for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+');        }
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav);        
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/          cov[2]=age;
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*');            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) {          }
           cptcovprod--;          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);            cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           cptcovage++;          
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         }          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) {          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           cptcovprod--;      
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
           cptcovage++;              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;            
         }            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
         else {            
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');            k=0;
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V');              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
           Tprod[k1]=i;                k=k+1;
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc);                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre);              }
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];            }
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];            
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
           k1++;      
           k2=k2+2;            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
         }            k=0;
       }            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
       else {              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/                k=k+1;
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');              }
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);            }
       }       
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);              for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
         scanf("%d",i);*/          }
     }  
 }          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
              for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);          
   scanf("%d ",i);*/          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
     fclose(fic);          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
           free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     /*  if(mle==1){*/          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/          free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;          free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
     }  
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);          
           k=0;
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){              k=k+1;
          anint[m][i]=9999;              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
          s[m][i]=-1;            }
        }          }
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
       }            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
     }              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
         if(s[m][i] >0){            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {            }*/
             if(agedc[i]>0)  
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
            else {  
               if (andc[i]!=9999){          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
               agev[m][i]=-1;          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
               }            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
             }            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
           }          }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */          i=0;
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
               agev[m][i]=1;              i=i++;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               agemin=agev[m][i];              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
             }                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
               agemax=agev[m][i];              }
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/            }
             }          }/* end of loop for state */
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/        } /* end of loop for age */
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/  
           }        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
           else { /* =9 */        /*
             agev[m][i]=1;          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
             s[m][i]=-1;          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
           }          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
         }          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
         else /*= 0 Unknown */          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
           agev[m][i]=1;          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
       }          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
            */
     }  
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){        first1=1;
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");            for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
           goto end;            if(l2==k2) continue;
         }            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
       }            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
     }              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                 if(l1==k1) continue;
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
                 if(i<=j) continue;
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);                  if ((int)age %5==0){
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
     free_vector(annais,1,n);                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
     free_vector(andc,1,n);                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
                     /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
                        lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
     wav=ivector(1,imx);                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);                    /* Eigen vectors */
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
                        /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
     /* Concatenates waves */                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);                    v12=-v21;
                     v22=v11;
                     tnalp=v21/v11;
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);                    if(first1==1){
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);                      first1=0;
       ncodemax[1]=1;                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);                    }
                          fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);                    /*printf(fignu*/
    h=0;                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
                      if(first==1){
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){                      first=0;
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
            h++;                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;   :<a href=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">\
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/  %s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
          }                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,\
        }                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
      }                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
    }                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
       }                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
       printf("\n");                    }else{
       }                      first=0;
       scanf("%d",i);*/                      fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                          fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
                               mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
                                  mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                        }/* if first */
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                  } /* age mod 5 */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                } /* end loop age */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                first=1;
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */              } /*l12 */
                  } /* k12 */
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]          } /*l1 */
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */        }/* k1 */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */      } /* loop covariates */
     }
     if(mle==1){    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
     }    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
        fclose(ficresprob);
     /*--------- results files --------------*/    fclose(ficresprobcov);
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);    fclose(ficresprobcor);
      fflush(ficgp);
     fflush(fichtmcov);
    jk=1;  }
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");  
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");  
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
        if (k != i)                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
          {                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);    /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
              jk++;  /*   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    { */
            }  /*     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0); */
            printf("\n");  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0); */
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");  /*   } */
          }  
      }     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n \
    }   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n \
  if(mle==1){   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n \
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */   - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n \
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): \
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);     <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
  }             jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirf2(fileres,"p"),subdirf2(fileres,"p"),\
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");             stepm,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),\
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");             subdirf2(fileres,"pl"),subdirf2(fileres,"pl"),\
      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){             estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),subdirf2(fileres,"e"));
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){  
         if (j!=i) {  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);  
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);   m=cptcoveff;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);  
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);   jj1=0;
             jk++;   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
           }     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
           printf("\n");       jj1++;
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");       if (cptcovn > 0) {
         }         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
       }         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
      }           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
             fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
     k=1;       }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");       /* Pij */
     printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: %s%d1.png<br> \
     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){  <img src=\"%s%d1.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1);     
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;       /* Quasi-incidences */
       i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);   before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: %s%d2.png<br> \
       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/  <img src=\"%s%d2.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1); 
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
       printf("%3d",i);         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br> \
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);  <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1);
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);         }
       }       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br> \
       printf("\n");  <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1);
       k++;       }
     }       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
      health expectancies in states (1) and (2): %s%d.png<br>\
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  <img src=\"%s%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1);
       ungetc(c,ficpar);     } /* end i1 */
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);   }/* End k1 */
       puts(line);   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
       fputs(line,ficparo);  
     }  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n\
     estepm=0;   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n\
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n\
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n\
     if (fage <= 2) {   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n\
       bage = ageminpar;   - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
       fage = agemaxpar;   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n\
     }   - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
               rfileres,rfileres,\
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");           subdirf2(fileres,"prob"),subdirf2(fileres,"prob"),\
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);           subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"),\
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);           subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"),\
             estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"v"),subdirf2(fileres,"v"),\
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){           subdirf2(fileres,"t"),subdirf2(fileres,"t"),\
     ungetc(c,ficpar);           subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"));
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);  /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
     fputs(line,ficparo);  /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   }  /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
    /*  else  */
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);  /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
  fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);  
         m=cptcoveff;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);   jj1=0;
     puts(line);   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
   }       jj1++;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
           fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
        }
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and period prevalence (with confident\
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);    interval) in state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br>\
    <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1);  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){       }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);     } /* end i1 */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);   }/* End k1 */
     puts(line);   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
     fputs(line,ficparo);   fflush(fichtm);
   }  }
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);  
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);    char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
     int ng;
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
     puts(line);  /*   } */
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
   }    /*#ifdef windows */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);  
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);    strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);   /* 1eme*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
  printinggnuplot(fileres,optionfilefiname,optionfile,optionfilegnuplot, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
  chdir(path);  set ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
    set ter png small\n\
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);  set size 0.65,0.65\n\
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);    
  free_ivector(num,1,n);       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
  fclose(ficparo);       }
  fclose(ficres);       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,optionfile,optionfilehtm,rfileres,optionfilegnuplot,version,popforecast,estepm);       } 
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1); 
         for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
           else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");       }  
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",subdirf2(fileres,"p"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {     }
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;    }
   }    /*2 eme*/
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),k1);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);      fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");      
        for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        k=2*i;
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */        }   
   k=0;        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
   agebase=ageminpar;        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
   agelim=agemaxpar;        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
   ftolpl=1.e-10;        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
   i1=cptcoveff;          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         }   
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
         k=k+1;        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        }   
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
              }
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){    }
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );    /*3eme*/
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
         }        k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
       }        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,k1);
     }        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\n\
   fclose(ficrespl);  set size 0.65,0.65\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
            for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
   }          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);          
          */
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
           
   agelim=AGESUP;        } 
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */      }
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    }
      
   k=0;    /* CV preval stable (period) */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
       k=k+1;        k=3;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,k1);
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n\
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");  unset log y\n\
          plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */        
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");        fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        }
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %.0f %.0f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );      } 
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    }  
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);    /* proba elementaires */
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
              }      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        if (k != i) {
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
         }            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
     }            jk++; 
   }            fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
           }
   varprob(fileres, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);        }
       }
   fclose(ficrespij);     }
   
      for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jk,ng); 
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);         if (ng==2)
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
   }         else
   else{           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
     erreur=108;         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);         i=1;
   }         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
             k3=i;
            for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/             if (k != k2){
                if(ng==2)
   strcpy(filerest,"t");                 fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
   strcat(filerest,fileres);               else
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {                 fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;               ij=1;
   }               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);                 if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                    ij++;
   strcpy(filerese,"e");                 }
   strcat(filerese,fileres);                 else
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);               }
   }               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);               
                for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
  strcpy(fileresv,"v");                 fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);                 ij=1;
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
   }                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);                     ij++;
   calagedate=-1;                   }
 prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);                   else
                      fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
   k=0;                 }
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){               }
       k=k+1;               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)               i=i+ncovmodel;
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);             }
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");           } /* end k */
          } /* end k2 */
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");       } /* end jk */
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)     } /* end ng */
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);     fflush(ficgp); 
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");  }  /* end gnuplot */
   
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  /*************** Moving average **************/
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");  
     int i, cpt, cptcod;
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    int modcovmax =1;
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    int mobilavrange, mob;
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);      double age;
    
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;                             a covariate has 2 modalities */
        varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm);    if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
      
     if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
        if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");      else mobilavrange=mobilav;
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);         fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
         if (popbased==1) {         we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      */ 
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];      for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
         }        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
                  for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
           }                }
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
         }            }
           }
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)        }/* end age */
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)      }/* end mob */
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];    }else return -1;
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));    return 0;
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){  }/* End movingaverage */
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));  
         }  
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");  /************** Forecasting ******************/
       }  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     }    /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
   }       agemin, agemax range of age
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);       dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);       anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     free_vector(weight,1,n);    */
   fclose(ficreseij);    int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
   fclose(ficresvij);    int *popage;
   fclose(ficrest);    double agec; /* generic age */
   fclose(ficpar);    double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
      double ***p3mat;
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/      double ***mobaverage;
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");  
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);    agelim=AGESUP;
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {    prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);   
     exit(0);    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
   }    strcat(fileresf,fileres);
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
   k=0;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    }
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
       k=k+1;    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");    if (mobilav!=0) {
            mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     }      }
  }    }
   
   fclose(ficresvpl);    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/    if(estepm < stepm){
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
      }
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
      yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);                                 fractional in yp1 */
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    anprojmean=yp;
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    mprojmean=yp;
      yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    jprojmean=yp;
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);    if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);  
     i1=cptcoveff;
   if(erreur >0)    if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    
   else   printf("End of Imach\n");    fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */    
      fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/  
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/  /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
   /*------ End -----------*/    for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
  end:        fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/          fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        }
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/        fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
  strcat(plotcmd," ");          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)              
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);            fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
  system(plotcmd);          fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
         }
  /*#ifdef windows*/        for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) { 
   while (z[0] != 'q') {          fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
     /* chdir(path); */          fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");  
     scanf("%s",z);          for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
   }            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
   /*#endif */          
 }            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
                 for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
                   fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
                 fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 ppij=0.;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                   if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
                     fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
                   }
                 } /* end i */
                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
                   fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
                 }
               }/* end j */
             } /* end h */
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           } /* end agec */
         } /* end yearp */
       } /* end cptcod */
     } /* end  cptcov */
          
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     fclose(ficresf);
   }
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
     
     int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
     int *popage;
     double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
     double ***mobaverage;
     char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     agelim=AGESUP;
     calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
     
     prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     
     
     strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     strcat(filerespop,fileres);
     if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
     }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     
     agelim=AGESUP;
     
     hstepm=1;
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     
     if (popforecast==1) {
       if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
       } 
       popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
       popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
       popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
       
       i=1;   
       while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
      
       imx=i;
       for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
         if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
         
         for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
                   else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
                   }
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
                   tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
                     /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
                       if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
                 }
               }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
                 kk1=0.;
                   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                     kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
                   }
                     tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
               }
   
               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
    
     /******/
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
           fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
           for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
             nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
             
             p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
             oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
             hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
             for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
               if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
                 fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
                 }
                 if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);        
               }
             }
             free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           }
         }
      } 
     }
    
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
       free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
       free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
     }
     free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficrespop);
   } /* End of popforecast */
   
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
   
     char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
     int i,j, k, l, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     }
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
     int jj, imk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double **xi,tmp,delta;
   
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int *indx;
     char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE],model[MAXLINE];
     char pathr[MAXLINE]; 
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     int c,  h , cpt,l;
     int ju,jl, mi;
     int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double *severity;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
     double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
   
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
   
   
     char z[1]="c", occ;
   
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
     char strstart[80], *strt, strtend[80];
     char *stratrunc;
     int lstra;
   
     long total_usecs;
    
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
     curr_time=start_time;
     tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tm));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       scanf("%s",pathtot);
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("pathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(path);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Problem creating directory or it already exists %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     printf("Localtime (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Localtime (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /*---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
   
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
     if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
   
     ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
     nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
    
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       exit(0);
     }
     /* Read guess parameters */
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       j=0;
       for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
         if(jj==i) continue;
         j++;
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
           exit(1);
         }
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           else
             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }  
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
   
     p=param[1][1];
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     /* delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
         if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
           exit(1);
         }
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       }
     }
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
     /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
       fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%s",str);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
       fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
       for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
         fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1){
           printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       numlinepar++;
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
     }
     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
       for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
      
     if(mle==1)
       printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
     fflush(ficlog);
   
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
       
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
     }
   
     n= lastobs;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
   
     i=1;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
           
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
           strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         }
           
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
   
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
         } 
         lstra=strlen(stra);
         if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
           stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
           num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
         }
         else
           num[i]=atol(stra);
           
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
           printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
   
         i=i+1;
       }
     }
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
        scanf("%d",i);*/
     imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
   
     /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
       if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
       if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
       }*/
      /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
        if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
        printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
     
    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)
    
      /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
        else weight[i]=1;*/
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
     Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
     Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
     Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
     Tage=ivector(1,15);      
      
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
       j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
       j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
       cptcovn=j+1; 
       cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
       
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
         printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
         goto end;
       }
       
       /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
   
       for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
         cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
         if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
         /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
         /*scanf("%d",i);*/
         if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
           cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
           if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
             cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=i;
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
           }
           else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
             cptcovprod--;
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
             Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
             cptcovage++;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
           }
           else {  /* Age is not in the model */
             cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
             Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
             cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
             Tprod[k1]=i;
             Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
             Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
             Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
             for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
               covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
             k1++;
             k2=k2+2;
           }
         }
         else { /* no more sum */
           /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
          /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
         Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
         }
         strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
         /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
           scanf("%d",i);*/
       } /* end of loop + */
     } /* end model */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
   
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
     printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
     fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
     scanf("%d ",i);
     fclose(fic);*/
   
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
     }
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           nberr++;
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0){
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0)
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
           }
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a
                                    month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
               agemin=agev[m][i];
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
               agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           }
           else { /* =9 */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
       }
       
     }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           nberr++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           goto end;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
   
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
      
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
     Tcode=ivector(1,100);
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
         
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
                                    the estimations*/
     h=0;
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
     for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
       for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
           for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
             h++;
             if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
             /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
           } 
         }
       }
     } 
     /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
        codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
        for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
        printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
        scanf("%d",i);*/
       
     /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
     /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n",\
             fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
     strcpy(lfileres,fileres);
     strcat(lfileres,"/");
     strcat(lfileres,optionfilefiname);
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
             imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
       
      
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
     printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
     for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
       printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
     printf("\n");
     globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
     likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
     printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
     for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
       printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
     printf("\n");
     if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
       mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
     }
       
     /*--------- results files --------------*/
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
     
   
     jk=1;
     fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) 
           {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
       }
     }
     if(mle!=0){
       /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
       ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
       hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
     }
     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if (j!=i) {
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             jk++;
           }
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     if(mle==1)
       printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     for(i=1,k=1;i<=npar;i++){
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
           i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
           fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
           printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
       */
       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
       if(mle==1)
         printf("%3d",i);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1)
           printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       k++;
     }
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     estepm=0;
     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
     if (fage <= 2) {
       bage = ageminpar;
       fage = agemaxpar;
     }
      
     fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
     fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
     fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
     fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
      
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
    
   
     dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
     dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
     
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
     /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
   
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
     fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
   
     /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
     /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
   
     replace_back_to_slash(pathc,path); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
     printinggnuplot(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
   
     printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                  model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                  jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
    
     /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
     /*  chdir(path); */
    
     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
     free_lvector(num,1,n);
     free_vector(agedc,1,n);
     /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
     fclose(ficparo);
     fclose(ficres);
   
   
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
     strcat(filerespl,fileres);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     ftolpl=1.e-10;
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
         printf("\n#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
           
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fclose(ficrespl);
   
     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
     fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
   
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
     fclose(ficrespij);
   
     probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
     /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
     if(prevfcast==1){
       /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
   /*      }  */
   /*      else{ */
   /*        erreur=108; */
   /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
   /*      } */
     }
     
   
     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
     strcpy(filerest,"t");
     strcat(filerest,fileres);
     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
     strcpy(filerese,"e");
     strcat(filerese,fileres);
     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
     /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
     prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
   ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
     */
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
         if(popbased==1){
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
         }
   
    
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav ==0){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
       }
     }
     free_vector(weight,1,n);
     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     
     /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
     }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
   
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
     tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&tm));
     printf("Localtime at start %s\nLocaltime at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Localtime at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
   
     printf("Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     chdir(path);
     strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf(" Problem with gnuplot\n");
     }
     printf(" Wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
   }
   
   
   

Removed from v.1.41.2.1  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.92


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