Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.51 and 1.68

version 1.51, 2002/07/19 12:22:25 version 1.68, 2003/02/04 12:40:59
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain     Interpolated Markov Chain
   
   Short summary of the programme:    Short summary of the programme:
      
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are    first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the    interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a    case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change    second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the    model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave    probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more    'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the    you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
   convergence.    convergence.
   
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.      account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be    conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply    and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   hPijx.    hPijx.
   
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence. 
      
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
   from the European Union.    from the European Union.
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
   **********************************************************************/    **********************************************************************/
     
 #include <math.h>  #include <math.h>
 #include <stdio.h>  #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>  #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>  #include <unistd.h>
   
 #define MAXLINE 256  #define MAXLINE 256
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80  #define FILENAMELENGTH 80
 /*#define DEBUG*/  /*#define DEBUG*/
 #define windows  #define windows
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
   
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   
 #define NINTERVMAX 8  #define NINTERVMAX 8
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */  #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */
 #define MAXN 20000  #define MAXN 20000
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
 #define AGESUP 130  #define AGESUP 130
 #define AGEBASE 40  #define AGEBASE 40
 #ifdef windows  #ifdef windows
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
 #else  #else
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 #endif  #endif
   
 char version[80]="Imach version 0.8i, June 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";  char version[80]="Imach version 0.91, November 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";
 int erreur; /* Error number */  int erreur; /* Error number */
 int nvar;  int nvar;
 int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;  int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
 int npar=NPARMAX;  int npar=NPARMAX;
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */  int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 int popbased=0;  int popbased=0;
   
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */  int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 int mle, weightopt;  int mle, weightopt;
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */  double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
 FILE *ficlog;  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;  FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 FILE *ficresprobmorprev;  FILE *ficlog;
 FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
 FILE *ficreseij;  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
 char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];  FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */
 FILE  *ficresvij;  FILE *ficreseij;
 char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
 FILE  *ficresvpl;  FILE  *ficresvij;
 char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char title[MAXLINE];  FILE  *ficresvpl;
 char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];  char title[MAXLINE];
   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */  
 char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
 char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
 #define NR_END 1  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];
 #define FREE_ARG char*  
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10  #define NR_END 1
   #define FREE_ARG char*
 #define NRANSI  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
 #define ITMAX 200  
   #define NRANSI 
 #define TOL 2.0e-4  #define ITMAX 200 
   
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10  
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
   #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
 #define GOLD 1.618034  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  
 #define TINY 1.0e-20  #define GOLD 1.618034 
   #define GLIMIT 100.0 
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
    #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    
   #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
 static double sqrarg;  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  static double sqrarg;
   #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
 int imx;  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
 int stepm;  
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  int imx; 
   int stepm;
 int estepm;  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/  
   int estepm;
 int m,nb;  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  int m,nb;
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;  int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;
 double dateintmean=0;  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   double **pmmij, ***probs;
 double *weight;  double dateintmean=0;
 int **s; /* Status */  
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  double *weight;
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  int **s; /* Status */
   double *agedc, **covar, idx;
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  
   double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
 /**************** split *************************/  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )  
 {  /**************** split *************************/
    char *s;                             /* pointer */  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */  {
     char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */    int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  
    s= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
       extern char       *getwd( );        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
   #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {      extern char *getwd( );
 #else  
       extern char       *getcwd( );      if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {
   #else
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {      extern char *getcwd( );
 #endif  
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );      if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
       }  #endif
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */      }
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */      strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
    }      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */      dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
 #ifdef windows    }
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
 #else  #ifdef windows
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
 #endif  #else
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
    s++;  #endif
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
    l1= strlen( name);    ss++;
    l2= strlen( s)+1;    strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);    l1= strlen( name);
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;    l2= strlen(ss)+1;
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
 }    finame[l1-l2]= 0;
     return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
   }
 /******************************************/  
   
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  /******************************************/
 {  
   int i;  void replace(char *s, char*t)
   int lg=20;  {
   i=0;    int i;
   lg=strlen(t);    int lg=20;
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    i=0;
     (s[i] = t[i]);    lg=strlen(t);
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   }      (s[i] = t[i]);
 }      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
     }
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  }
 {  
   int i,j=0;  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
   int lg=20;  {
   i=0;    int i,j=0;
   lg=strlen(s);    int lg=20;
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    i=0;
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;    lg=strlen(s);
   }    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   return j;    if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
 }    }
     return j;
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  }
 {  
   /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it  void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
      and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)  {
      gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */    /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it
   int i,lg,j,p=0;       and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)
   i=0;       gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {    int i,lg,j,p=0;
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;    i=0;
   }    for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
       if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
   lg=strlen(t);    }
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  
     (u[j] = t[j]);    lg=strlen(t);
   }    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
      u[p]='\0';      (u[j] = t[j]);
     }
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {       u[p]='\0';
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  
   }     for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
 }      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
     }
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  }
   
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  /********************** nrerror ********************/
 {  
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");  void nrerror(char error_text[])
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  {
   exit(1);    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
 }    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
 /*********************** vector *******************/    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)  }
 {  /*********************** vector *******************/
   double *v;  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));  {
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");    double *v;
   return v-nl+NR_END;    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
 }    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
 /************************ free vector ******************/  }
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  
 {  /************************ free vector ******************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
 }  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 /************************ivector *******************************/  }
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)  
 {  /************************ivector *******************************/
   int *v;  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));  {
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");    int *v;
   return v-nl+NR_END;    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
 }    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
 /******************free ivector **************************/  }
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)  
 {  /******************free ivector **************************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
 }  {
     free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/  }
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
 {  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
   int **m;  { 
      long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
   /* allocate pointers to rows */    int **m; 
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));    
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
   m += NR_END;    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
   m -= nrl;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
      m += NR_END; 
      m -= nrl; 
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */    
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
      m[nrl] += NR_END; 
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
      
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
   return m;    
 }    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
     return m; 
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/  } 
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)  
       int **m;  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */        int **m;
 {        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));  { 
 }    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
     free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
 /******************* matrix *******************************/  } 
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
 {  /******************* matrix *******************************/
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
   double **m;  {
     long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    double **m;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   m -= nrl;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
     m += NR_END;
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    m -= nrl;
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     m[nrl] += NR_END;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   return m;  
 }    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
     return m;
 /*************************free matrix ************************/  }
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
 {  /*************************free matrix ************************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));  {
 }    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/  }
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)  
 {  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
   double ***m;  {
     long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    double ***m;
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
   m -= nrl;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
     m += NR_END;
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    m -= nrl;
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
     m[nrl] += NR_END;
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
   
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");  
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;    
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
   }      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   return m;        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
 }    }
     return m;
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  }
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)  
 {  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  {
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
 }    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
     free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  }
 extern int ncom;  
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  /***************** f1dim *************************/
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);  extern int ncom; 
    extern double *pcom,*xicom;
 double f1dim(double x)  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
 {   
   int j;  double f1dim(double x) 
   double f;  { 
   double *xt;    int j; 
      double f;
   xt=vector(1,ncom);    double *xt; 
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];   
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
   return f;    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
 }    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     return f; 
 /*****************brent *************************/  } 
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)  
 {  /*****************brent *************************/
   int iter;  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
   double a,b,d,etemp;  { 
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    int iter; 
   double ftemp;    double a,b,d,etemp;
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    double fu,fv,fw,fx;
   double e=0.0;    double ftemp;
      double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);    double e=0.0; 
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);   
   x=w=v=bx;    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);    b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {    x=w=v=bx; 
     xm=0.5*(a+b);    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
     fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
 #ifdef DEBUG      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);  #ifdef DEBUG
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
 #endif      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
       *xmin=x;  #endif
       return fx;      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
     }        *xmin=x; 
     ftemp=fu;        return fx; 
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {      } 
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);      ftemp=fu;
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
       q=2.0*(q-r);        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
       q=fabs(q);        q=2.0*(q-r); 
       etemp=e;        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
       e=d;        q=fabs(q); 
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))        etemp=e; 
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));        e=d; 
       else {        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
         d=p/q;          d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
         u=x+d;        else { 
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)          d=p/q; 
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);          u=x+d; 
       }          if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
     } else {            d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));        } 
     }      } else { 
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
     fu=(*f)(u);      } 
     if (fu <= fx) {      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;      fu=(*f)(u); 
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)      if (fu <= fx) { 
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
         } else {        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;          SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {          } else { 
             v=w;            if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
             w=u;            if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
             fv=fw;              v=w; 
             fw=fu;              w=u; 
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {              fv=fw; 
             v=u;              fw=fu; 
             fv=fu;            } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
           }              v=u; 
         }              fv=fu; 
   }            } 
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");          } 
   *xmin=x;    } 
   return fx;    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
 }    *xmin=x; 
     return fx; 
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/  } 
   
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
             double (*func)(double))  
 {  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;              double (*func)(double)) 
   double fu;  { 
      double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    double fu; 
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);   
   if (*fb > *fa) {    *fa=(*func)(*ax); 
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    *fb=(*func)(*bx); 
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)    if (*fb > *fa) { 
       }      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);        SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);        } 
   while (*fb > *fc) {    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);    while (*fb > *fc) { 
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); 
       fu=(*func)(u);      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); 
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { 
       fu=(*func)(u);        fu=(*func)(u); 
       if (fu < *fc) {      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { 
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))        fu=(*func)(u); 
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))        if (fu < *fc) { 
           }          SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {            SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
       u=ulim;            } 
       fu=(*func)(u);      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { 
     } else {        u=ulim; 
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);        fu=(*func)(u); 
       fu=(*func)(u);      } else { 
     }        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)        fu=(*func)(u); 
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)      } 
       }      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
 }        SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
         } 
 /*************** linmin ************************/  } 
   
 int ncom;  /*************** linmin ************************/
 double *pcom,*xicom;  
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);  int ncom; 
    double *pcom,*xicom;
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
 {   
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);  { 
   double f1dim(double x);    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    double f1dim(double x); 
   int j;    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
   double fx,fb,fa;    int j; 
      double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
   ncom=n;    double fx,fb,fa;
   pcom=vector(1,n);   
   xicom=vector(1,n);    ncom=n; 
   nrfunc=func;    pcom=vector(1,n); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    xicom=vector(1,n); 
     pcom[j]=p[j];    nrfunc=func; 
     xicom[j]=xi[j];    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   }      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
   ax=0.0;      xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
   xx=1.0;    } 
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);    ax=0.0; 
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    xx=1.0; 
 #ifdef DEBUG    mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim); 
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); 
   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);  #ifdef DEBUG
 #endif    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
     xi[j] *= xmin;  #endif
     p[j] += xi[j];    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   }      xi[j] *= xmin; 
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);      p[j] += xi[j]; 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);    } 
 }    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
     free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
 /*************** powell ************************/  } 
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,  
             double (*func)(double []))  /*************** powell ************************/
 {  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,              double (*func)(double [])) 
               double (*func)(double []));  { 
   int i,ibig,j;    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;                double (*func)(double [])); 
   double fp,fptt;    int i,ibig,j; 
   double *xits;    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
   pt=vector(1,n);    double fp,fptt;
   ptt=vector(1,n);    double *xits;
   xit=vector(1,n);    pt=vector(1,n); 
   xits=vector(1,n);    ptt=vector(1,n); 
   *fret=(*func)(p);    xit=vector(1,n); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    xits=vector(1,n); 
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    *fret=(*func)(p); 
     fp=(*fret);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
     ibig=0;    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
     del=0.0;      fp=(*fret); 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);      ibig=0; 
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);      del=0.0; 
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
     fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) 
     printf("\n");        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");      fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {      printf("\n");
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fptt=(*fret);      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
 #ifdef DEBUG        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; 
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);        fptt=(*fret); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);  #ifdef DEBUG
 #endif        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);        fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);  #endif
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
         ibig=i;        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { 
       }          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
 #ifdef DEBUG          ibig=i; 
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));        } 
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));  #ifdef DEBUG
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
       }          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);        }
         fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       }          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
       printf("\n");          fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        }
 #endif        printf("\n");
     }        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {  #endif
 #ifdef DEBUG      } 
       int k[2],l;      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
       k[0]=1;  #ifdef DEBUG
       k[1]=-1;        int k[2],l;
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));        k[0]=1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));        k[1]=-1;
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);        fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
       }          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
       printf("\n");          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        }
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {        printf("\n");
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
           fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
         }            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));          }
       }          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
 #endif          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
         }
   #endif
       free_vector(xit,1,n);  
       free_vector(xits,1,n);  
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
       free_vector(pt,1,n);        free_vector(xits,1,n); 
       return;        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
     }        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");        return; 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {      } 
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];      if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
       pt[j]=p[j];        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
     }        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);        pt[j]=p[j]; 
     if (fptt < fp) {      } 
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);      fptt=(*func)(ptt); 
       if (t < 0.0) {      if (fptt < fp) { 
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); 
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {        if (t < 0.0) { 
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); 
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         }            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; 
 #ifdef DEBUG            xi[j][n]=xit[j]; 
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);          }
         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);  #ifdef DEBUG
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++){          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
         }            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
         printf("\n");            fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");          }
 #endif          printf("\n");
       }          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }  #endif
   }        }
 }      } 
     } 
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/  } 
   
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)  /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
 {  
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */  {
     /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
   int i, ii,j,k;       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;  
   double **matprod2();    int i, ii,j,k;
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
   double **newm;    double **matprod2();
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();
     double **newm;
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     }      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
    cov[1]=1.;      }
    
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */     cov[1]=1.;
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){   
     newm=savm;   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
      cov[2]=agefin;      newm=savm;
        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {       cov[2]=agefin;
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];    
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
       }          cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];          /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)        }
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/  
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/        /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);        /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
         /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
     savm=oldm;      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
     oldm=newm;  
     maxmax=0.;      savm=oldm;
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){      oldm=newm;
       min=1.;      maxmax=0.;
       max=0.;      for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {        min=1.;
         sumnew=0;        max=0.;
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);          sumnew=0;
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
       }          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
       maxmin=max-min;          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);        }
     }        maxmin=max-min;
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
       return prlim;      }
     }      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
   }        return prlim;
 }      }
     }
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/  }
   
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
 {  
   double s1, s2;  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
   /*double t34;*/  {
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;    double s1, s2;
     /*double t34;*/
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){  
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/          /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
       }          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       ps[i][j]=s2;          /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/        }
     }        ps[i][j]=s2;
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){      }
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/        for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
       }          s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       ps[i][j]=s2;          /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
     }        }
   }        ps[i][j]=s2;
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/      }
     }
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){      /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
      s1=0;  
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);       s1=0;
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
   } /* end i */        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
       /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){    } /* end i */
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
       ps[ii][jj]=0;    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
       ps[ii][ii]=1;      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
     }        ps[ii][jj]=0;
   }        ps[ii][ii]=1;
       }
     }
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);    /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
    }      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
     printf("\n ");       printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
     }     }
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/      printf("\n ");
 /*      }
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);      printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   goto end;*/  /*
     return ps;    for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
 }    goto end;*/
       return ps;
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/  }
   
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
 {  
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */  {
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
   long i, j, k;       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)    long i, j, k;
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)
         for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)
   return out;          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
 }  
     return out;
   }
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/  
   
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
 {  
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
      duration (i.e. until  {
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
      included manually here.       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
        (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
      */       for the memory).
        Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
   int i, j, d, h, k;       included manually here. 
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];  
   double **newm;       */
   
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    int i, j, d, h, k;
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    double **newm;
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
     }    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       newm=savm;      }
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
       cov[1]=1.;    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];        newm=savm;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];        cov[1]=1.;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
           cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/          cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));  
       savm=oldm;        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
       oldm=newm;        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
     }        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)                     pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        savm=oldm;
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];        oldm=newm;
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);      }
          */      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
       }        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
   } /* end h */          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
   return po;          /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);
 }           */
         }
     } /* end h */
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/    return po;
 double func( double *x)  }
 {  
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;  
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
   double **out;  double func( double *x)
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */  {
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   long ipmx;    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
   /*extern weight */    double **out;
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)    int s1, s2;
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);    double bbh, survp;
   */    long ipmx;
   cov[1]=1.;    /*extern weight */
     /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){    */
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    cov[1]=1.;
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
         newm=savm;  
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;    if(mle==1){
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         }        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
                  for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         savm=oldm;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         oldm=newm;            }
                  for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
                    newm=savm;
       } /* end mult */            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
                  for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/            }
       ipmx +=1;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       sw += weight[i];                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;            savm=oldm;
     } /* end of wave */            oldm=newm;
   } /* end of individual */          } /* end mult */
         
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
   return -l;           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
 }           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
            * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
            * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
            * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
 {           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
   int i,j, iter;           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   double **xi,*delti;           */
   double fret;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)          /* bias is positive if real duration
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
   printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");           */
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
           /* if s2=-2 lli=out[1][1]+out[1][2];*/
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));          if (s2==-2) {
   fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));              survp += out[s1][j];
             lli= survp;
 }          }
   
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/          else
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));  /* linear interpolation */
 {          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   double **hess;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   int i, j,jk;          ipmx +=1;
   int *indx;          sw += weight[i];
           ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);        } /* end of wave */
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);      } /* end of individual */
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;    }  else if(mle==2){
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);            }
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);            newm=savm;
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
   }              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
              }
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       if (j>i) {            savm=oldm;
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);            oldm=newm;
         fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);          } /* end mult */
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);        
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];              /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
       }           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
     }           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
   }           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
   printf("\n");           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
            * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");           * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
             * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);           */
   x=vector(1,npar);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   indx=ivector(1,npar);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];          /* bias is positive if real duration
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
            */
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
     x[j]=1;          /*lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.-+bh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* exponential interpolation */
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
     }          ipmx +=1;
   }          sw += weight[i];
           ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");        } /* end of wave */
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");      } /* end of individual */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     printf("\n");            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   }              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
             }
   /* Recompute Inverse */          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)            newm=savm;
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
               cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");            }
             out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;            savm=oldm;
     x[j]=1;            oldm=newm;
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);          } /* end mult */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){        
       y[i][j]=x[i];          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);           * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
     }           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
     printf("\n");           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
   }           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the
   */           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
            * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
   free_vector(x,1,npar);           * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);           */
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
 }          /* bias is positive if real duration
            * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/           */
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* linear interpolation */
 {          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
   int i;          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
   int l=1, lmax=20;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
   double k1,k2;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];          ipmx +=1;
   double res;          sw += weight[i];
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
   double fx;        } /* end of wave */
   int k=0,kmax=10;      } /* end of individual */
   double l1;    }else{  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
       for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
   fx=func(x);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     l1=pow(10,l);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     delts=delt;              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       delt = delta*(l1*k);            }
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       k1=func(p2)-fx;            newm=savm;
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
       k2=func(p2)-fx;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */              cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */            }
                
 #ifdef DEBUG            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);            savm=oldm;
 #endif            oldm=newm;
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */          } /* end mult */
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){        
         k=kmax;          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
       }          ipmx +=1;
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */          sw += weight[i];
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
       }        } /* end of wave */
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){      } /* end of individual */
         delts=delt;    } /* End of if */
       }    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
     }    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
   }    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
   delti[theta]=delts;    return -l;
   return res;  }
    
 }  
   /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)  
 {  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
   int i;  {
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;    int i,j, iter;
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;    double **xi,*delti;
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];    double fret;
   int k;    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   fx=func(x);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  
     k1=func(p2)-fx;     printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  
     k2=func(p2)-fx;  }
    
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
     k3=func(p2)-fx;  {
      double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;    double **hess;
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;    int i, j,jk;
     k4=func(p2)-fx;    int *indx;
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */  
 #ifdef DEBUG    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
 #endif    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
   }  
   return res;    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
 }  
     printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
 {      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
   int i,imax,j,k;      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
   double big,dum,sum,temp;      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
   double *vv;      /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
        /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/
   vv=vector(1,n);    }
   *d=1.0;    
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
     big=0.0;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)        if (j>i) { 
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
     vv[i]=1.0/big;          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
   }          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {        }
       sum=a[i][j];      }
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];    }
       a[i][j]=sum;    printf("\n");
     }    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     big=0.0;  
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
       sum=a[i][j];    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)    
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       a[i][j]=sum;    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {    x=vector(1,npar);
         big=dum;    indx=ivector(1,npar);
         imax=i;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
       }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
     }    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
     if (j != imax) {  
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
         dum=a[imax][k];      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];      x[j]=1;
         a[j][k]=dum;      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
       }      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
       *d = -(*d);        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
       vv[imax]=vv[j];      }
     }    }
     indx[j]=imax;  
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
     if (j != n) {    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
     }        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
   }        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */      }
 ;      printf("\n");
 }      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     }
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])  
 {    /* Recompute Inverse */
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   double sum;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];
      ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  
     ip=indx[i];    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");
     sum=b[ip];  
     b[ip]=b[i];    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
     if (ii)      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      x[j]=1;
     else if (sum) ii=i;      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
     b[i]=sum;      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   }        y[i][j]=x[i];
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     sum=b[i];        fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      }
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];      printf("\n");
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 }    }
     */
 /************ Frequencies ********************/  
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
 {  /* Some frequencies */    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
      free_vector(x,1,npar);
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
   int first;    free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  
   double *pp;  
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;  }
   FILE *ficresp;  
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
    double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  {
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    int i;
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");    int l=1, lmax=20;
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);    double k1,k2;
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);    double res;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);    double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
     exit(0);    double fx;
   }    int k=0,kmax=10;
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);    double l1;
   j1=0;  
      fx=func(x);
   j=cptcoveff;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){
       l1=pow(10,l);
   first=1;      delts=delt;
       for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){        delt = delta*(l1*k);
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
       j1++;        k1=func(p2)-fx;
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
         scanf("%d", i);*/        k2=func(p2)-fx;
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)          res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)        
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;  #ifdef DEBUG
              printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
       dateintsum=0;        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
       k2cpt=0;  #endif
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
         bool=1;        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
         if  (cptcovn>0) {          k=kmax;
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)        }
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
               bool=0;          k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;
         }        }
         if (bool==1) {        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){          delts=delt;
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);        }
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {      }
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;    }
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;    delti[theta]=delts;
               if (m<lastpass) {    return res; 
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];    
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];  }
               }  
                double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {  {
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;    int i;
                 k2cpt++;    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
               }    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
             }    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
           }    int k;
         }  
       }    fx=func(x);
            for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
       if  (cptcovn>0) {      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");      k1=func(p2)-fx;
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);    
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;
       }      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      k2=func(p2)-fx;
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);    
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
            p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){      k3=func(p2)-fx;
         if(i==(int)agemax+3){    
           fprintf(ficlog,"Total");      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;
         }else{      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;
           if(first==1){      k4=func(p2)-fx;
             first=0;      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
             printf("See log file for details...\n");  #ifdef DEBUG
           }      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);      fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
         }  #endif
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    }
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)    return res;
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  }
         }  
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];  { 
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){    int i,imax,j,k; 
             if(first==1){    double big,dum,sum,temp; 
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);    double *vv; 
             }   
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);    vv=vector(1,n); 
           }else{    *d=1.0; 
             if(first==1)    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);      big=0.0; 
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
           }        if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
         }      if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
       vv[i]=1.0/big; 
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    } 
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
         }        sum=a[i][j]; 
         for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)        a[i][j]=sum; 
           pos += pp[jk];      } 
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      big=0.0; 
           if(pos>=1.e-5){      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
             if(first==1)        sum=a[i][j]; 
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
           }else{        a[i][j]=sum; 
             if(first==1)        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);          big=dum; 
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);          imax=i; 
           }        } 
           if( i <= (int) agemax){      } 
             if(pos>=1.e-5){      if (j != imax) { 
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);        for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;          dum=a[imax][k]; 
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
             }          a[j][k]=dum; 
             else        } 
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);        *d = -(*d); 
           }        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
         }      } 
              indx[j]=imax; 
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)      if (j != n) { 
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {        dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
             if(first==1)        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
               printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);      } 
               fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);    } 
             }    free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
         if(i <= (int) agemax)  ;
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");  } 
         if(first==1)  
           printf("Others in log...\n");  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  { 
       }    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
     }    double sum; 
   }   
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
        ip=indx[i]; 
   fclose(ficresp);      sum=b[ip]; 
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);      b[ip]=b[i]; 
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);      if (ii) 
          for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
   /* End of Freq */      else if (sum) ii=i; 
 }      b[i]=sum; 
     } 
 /************ Prevalence ********************/    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)      sum=b[i]; 
 {  /* Some frequencies */      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
        b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    } 
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  } 
   double *pp;  
   double pos, k2;  /************ Frequencies ********************/
   void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  {  /* Some frequencies */
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    
      int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);    int first;
   j1=0;    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
      double *pp;
   j=cptcoveff;    double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    FILE *ficresp;
      char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){    
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
       j1++;    probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
          strcpy(fileresp,"p");
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)      strcat(fileresp,fileres);
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)      if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
            exit(0);
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    }
         bool=1;    freq= ma3x(-2,nlstate+ndeath,-2,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
         if  (cptcovn>0) {    j1=0;
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)    
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])    j=cptcoveff;
               bool=0;    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
         }  
         if (bool==1) {    first=1;
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){  
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;        j1++;
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
               if (m<lastpass) {          scanf("%d", i);*/
                 if (calagedate>0)        for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];          for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
                 else            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];        
               }        dateintsum=0;
             }        k2cpt=0;
           }        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         }          bool=1;
       }          if  (cptcovn>0) {
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)                bool=0;
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];          }
         }          if (bool==1){
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
         }                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
                        if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){                if (m<lastpass) {
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];                  freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];
         }                }
                        
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];                if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {
                          dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){                      k2cpt++;
           if( i <= (int) agemax){                }
             if(pos>=1.e-5){              }
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;            }
             }          }
           }        }
         }/* end jk */         
       }/* end i */        fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
     } /* end i1 */  
   } /* end k1 */        if  (cptcovn>0) {
           fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);        }
          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
 }  /* End of Freq */          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/        
         for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)          if(i==(int)agemax+3){
 {            fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.          }else{
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).            if(first==1){
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i              first=0;
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]              printf("See log file for details...\n");
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.            }
      */            fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
           }
   int i, mi, m;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;            for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
   int first;          }
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
   double sum=0.;            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
   first=0;              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
   jmin=1e+5;            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
   jmax=-1;              if(first==1){
   jmean=0.;              printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){              }
     mi=0;              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
     m=firstpass;            }else{
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){              if(first==1)
       if(s[m][i]>=1)                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
         mw[++mi][i]=m;              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       if(m >=lastpass)            }
         break;          }
       else  
         m++;          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
     }/* end while */            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */          }
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */  
          /* Only death is a correct wave */          for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)
       mw[mi][i]=m;            pos += pp[jk];
     }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             if(pos>=1.e-5){
     wav[i]=mi;              if(first==1)
     if(mi==0){                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
       if(first==0){              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
         printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);            }else{
         first=1;              if(first==1)
       }                printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
       if(first==1){              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);            }
       }            if( i <= (int) agemax){
     } /* end mi==0 */              if(pos>=1.e-5){
   }                fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);
                 probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){                /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){              }
       if (stepm <=0)              else
         dh[mi][i]=1;                fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);
       else{            }
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {          }
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {          
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);          for(jk=-2; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */            for(m=-2; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
           k=k+1;              if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;              if(first==1)
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;                printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
           sum=sum+j;                fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */              }
           }          if(i <= (int) agemax)
         }            fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
         else{          if(first==1)
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));            printf("Others in log...\n");
           k=k+1;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;        }
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;      }
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */    }
           sum=sum+j;    dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
         }   
         jk= j/stepm;    fclose(ficresp);
         jl= j -jk*stepm;    free_ma3x(freq,-2,nlstate+ndeath,-2,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
         if(jl <= -ju)    
           dh[mi][i]=jk;    /* End of Freq */
         else  }
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;  
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)  /************ Prevalence ********************/
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */  void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)
       }  {  /* Some frequencies */
     }   
   }    int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
   jmean=sum/k;    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    double *pp;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    double pos, k2;
  }  
     pp=vector(1,nlstate);
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/    
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)    freq=ma3x(-2,nlstate+ndeath,-2,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
 {    j1=0;
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;    
   int cptcode=0;    j=cptcoveff;
   cptcoveff=0;    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
      
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
         j1++;
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {        
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        for (i=-2; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);          for (jk=-2; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
       Ndum[ij]++;            for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;       
     }        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
           bool=1;
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {          if  (cptcovn>0) {
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;            for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) 
     }              if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]) 
     ij=1;                bool=0;
           } 
           if (bool==1) { 
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {              if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;                if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
                          if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
           ij++;                if (m<lastpass) {
         }                  if (calagedate>0) 
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;                    freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];
       }                    else
     }                    freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
   }                    freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i]; 
                 }
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;              }
             }
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {          }
    ij=Tvar[i];        }
    Ndum[ij]++;        for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){ 
  }          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
             for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
  ij=1;              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i]; 
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {          }
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){          for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;            for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
      ij++;              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
    }          }
  }          
            for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
  cptcoveff=ij-1;            for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
 }              pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
           }
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/          
           for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )          
           for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    
 {            if( i <= (int) agemax){
   /* Health expectancies */              if(pos>=1.e-5){
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;                probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;
   double age, agelim, hf;              }
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;            }
   double **dnewm,**doldm;          }/* end jk */
   double *xp;        }/* end i */
   double **gp, **gm;      } /* end i1 */
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;    } /* end k1 */
   int theta;  
     
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);    free_ma3x(freq,-2,nlstate+ndeath,-2,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
   xp=vector(1,npar);    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);  }  /* End of Freq */
    
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");  
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  {
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
   if(estepm < stepm){       dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
   }       */
   else  hstepm=estepm;    
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months    int i, mi, m;
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example    /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them       double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear    int first;
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we    double sum=0.;
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months    first=0;
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear    jmin=1e+5;
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise    jmax=-1;
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */    jmean=0.;
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */      mi=0;
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.      m=firstpass;
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.        if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-2)
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size          mw[++mi][i]=m;
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */        if(m >=lastpass)
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the          break;
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it        else
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if          m++;
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same      }/* end while */
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.      if (s[m][i] > nlstate){
   */        mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */        /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
            /* Only death is a correct wave */
   agelim=AGESUP;        mw[mi][i]=m;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      }
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */  
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);      wav[i]=mi;
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */      if(mi==0){
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/        if(first==0){
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */          printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          first=1;
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);        }
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);        if(first==1){
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);
         }
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored      } /* end mi==0 */
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */    }
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);    
      for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */        if (stepm <=0)
           dh[mi][i]=1;
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */        else{
           if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){            if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){            j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);            if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
       }            k=k+1;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);              if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
              if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
       cptj=0;            sum=sum+j;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){            /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){            /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
           cptj=cptj+1;            }
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){          }
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;          else{
           }            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
         }            /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
       }            k=k+1;
                  if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
                  else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);            sum=sum+j;
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);            }
                jk= j/stepm;
       cptj=0;          jl= j -jk*stepm;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){          if(mle <=1){ 
           cptj=cptj+1;            if(jl==0){
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){              dh[mi][i]=jk;
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;              bh[mi][i]=0;
           }            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
         }                    * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
       }              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)              bh[mi][i]=ju;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){            }
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];          }else{
         }            if(jl <= -ju){
      }              dh[mi][i]=jk;
                  bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
 /* End theta */                                   * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
                                    */
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);            }
             else{
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)              bh[mi][i]=ju;
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)            }
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];            if(dh[mi][i]==0){
                    dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
               bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)              printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)            }
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;          }
         } /* end if mle */
      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);      } /* end wave */
      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);    }
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){    jmean=sum/k;
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);   }
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)  
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
       }  {
     }    
     /* Computing expectancies */    int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    int cptcode=0;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    cptcoveff=0; 
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){   
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;    for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
              for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/  
     for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
         }      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum 
                                  modality*/ 
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
     cptj=0;        Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){        if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable 
         cptj++;                                         Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and 
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );                                         female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
       }      }
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");  
          for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);        if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);      }
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);  
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);      ij=1; 
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
   }        for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
   printf("\n");          if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; 
             /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);            
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);            ij++;
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);          }
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);          if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
 }        }  
       } 
 /************ Variance ******************/    }  
 void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased)  
 {   for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   /* Variance of health expectancies */  
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/   for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) { 
   /* double **newm;*/     /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
   double **dnewm,**doldm;     ij=Tvar[i];
   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;     Ndum[ij]++;
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;   }
   int k, cptcode;  
   double *xp;   ij=1;
   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */   for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */       Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */       ij++;
   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */     }
   double ***p3mat;   }
   double age,agelim, hf;   
   int theta;   cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
   char digit[4];  }
   char digitp[16];  
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];  
   void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )
   if(popbased==1)  
     strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-");  {
   else    /* Health expectancies */
     strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
     double age, agelim, hf;
   strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev");    double ***p3mat,***varhe;
   sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/    double *xp;
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */    double **gp, **gm;
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not */    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);    int theta;
   if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);    xp=vector(1,npar);
   }    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);    
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   }    
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");    if(estepm < stepm){
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     exit(0);    /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
   }     * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
   else{     * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");     * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
   }     * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {     * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);     * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);     * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
     exit(0);     * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
   }     * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   else{  
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing step probabilities of dying and weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
   }    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");       and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);       means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
   xp=vector(1,npar);    */
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
   dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);    agelim=AGESUP;
   doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
   gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); 
   gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
   gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
   trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   if(estepm < stepm){      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
   }      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
   else  hstepm=estepm;    
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);  
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.   
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size  
      and note for a fixed period like k years */      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the  
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it      /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if  
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
   */          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */        }
   agelim = AGESUP;        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */        cptj=0;
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);            cptj=cptj+1;
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);            for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);              gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             }
           }
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        }
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */       
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);       
       }        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);            xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         
       if (popbased==1) {        cptj=0;
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
       }            cptj=cptj+1;
              for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){              gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){            }
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)          }
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];        }
         }        for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)
       }          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
       /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
       for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){          }
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)       } 
           gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];     
       }      /* End theta */
       /* end force of mortality */  
        trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */  
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
       if (popbased==1) {       
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];       for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)
       }        for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)
           varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
         }        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
       }          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);
       for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){          for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)            for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];              varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
       }            }
       /* end force of mortality */      }
       /* Computing expectancies */
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
         }            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */            
         gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];  /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
       }  
           }
     } /* End theta */  
       fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */      cptj=0;
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)          cptj++;
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)          fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];        }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */     
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
         trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);
       free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)    }
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;    printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){  
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)  }
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;  
       }  /************ Variance ******************/
     }  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)
   {
     /* pptj */    /* Variance of health expectancies */
     matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
     matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);    /* double **newm;*/
     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    double **dnewm,**doldm;
       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
         varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
     /* end ppptj */    int k, cptcode;
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      double *xp;
     prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
      double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
     if (popbased==1) {    double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
         prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
     }    double ***p3mat;
        double age,agelim, hf;
     /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */    double ***mobaverage;
     for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    int theta;
       for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)    char digit[4];
         gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];    char digitp[25];
     }      
     /* end force of mortality */    char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);    if(popbased==1){
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      if(mobilav!=0)
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);    }
       }    else 
     }      strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");  
     if (mobilav!=0) {
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }      }
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");    }
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);    strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev"); 
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);    sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);    /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
   } /* End age */    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
   free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");    }
   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
     }  
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
   free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
   free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);      exit(0);
   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    }
   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);    else{
   fclose(ficgp);      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
   fclose(fichtm);    }
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
 }      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/      exit(0);
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)    }
 {    else{
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   double **newm;    }
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;  
   int k, cptcode;    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
   double *xp;    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
   double *gp, *gm;    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   double **gradg, **trgradg;      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   double age,agelim;        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);
   int theta;    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
      
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");    xp=vector(1,npar);
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);    dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
   xp=vector(1,npar);    gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */    if(estepm < stepm){
   agelim = AGESUP;      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    }
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */    else  hstepm=estepm;   
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;    /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */    /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);       nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);       nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);       Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like k years */
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
       }       you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);       results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    */
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
        agelim = AGESUP;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];  
     } /* End theta */  
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        }
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        if (popbased==1) {
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;          if(mobilav ==0){
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );          }
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        }
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));    
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);          }
   } /* End age */        }
         /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);           as a weighted average of prlim.
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        */
         for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
 }          for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
             gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/        }    
 void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)        /* end probability of death */
 {  
   int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
   int k=0,l, cptcode;        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
   int first=1, first1;        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;   
   double **dnewm,**doldm;        if (popbased==1) {
   double *xp;          if(mobilav ==0){
   double *gp, *gm;            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   double **gradg, **trgradg;              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
   double **mu;          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
   int theta;          }
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];        }
   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];  
   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   double ***varpij;            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
               gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");          }
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);        }
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);           computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);           as a weighted average of prlim.
   }        */
   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov");        for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);        }    
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);        /* end probability of death */
   }  
   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor");        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);          }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);  
   }        for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);          gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);        }
   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);      } /* End theta */
   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
    
   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");  
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) {
           trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        }
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
     }            vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");  
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
   xp=vector(1,npar);          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);              vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
   first=1;        }
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {      }
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);      /* pptj */
     exit(0);      matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
   }      matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
   else{   
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
   }       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++){
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {          varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);       }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);  
     exit(0);      /* end ppptj */
   }      /*  x centered again */
   else{      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);  
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");      prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");   
       if (popbased==1) {
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");        if(mobilav ==0){
     fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");            prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
         }else{ /* mobilav */ 
   }          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
          }
   cov[1]=1;      }
   tj=cptcoveff;      
   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}      /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
   j1=0;         computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
   for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){         as a weighted average of prlim.
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){      */
       j1++;      for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
              for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
       if  (cptcovn>0) {          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");      }    
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);      /* end probability of death */
         fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");  
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);        }
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");      } 
              fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
          
         fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
                  fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");            }
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");          free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
       }      free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
            free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
         cov[2]=age;      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {    } /* End age */
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];    free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         }    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
            /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
        fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev);
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);
              fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,digitp,digit);
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
            */
           k=0;    fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){  
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
               k=k+1;    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
             }    free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           }    free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
              free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
        fclose(ficgp);
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);    fclose(fichtm);
           k=0;  }
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){  
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
               k=k+1;  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];  {
             }    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
           }    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
          double **newm;
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)    double **dnewm,**doldm;
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];      int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
         }    int k, cptcode;
     double *xp;
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)    double *gp, *gm;
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    double **gradg, **trgradg;
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];    double age,agelim;
            int theta;
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);     
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
            fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
         k=0;    fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){  
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    xp=vector(1,npar);
             k=k+1;    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
           }    
         }    hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)    agelim = AGESUP;
             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);      if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));      gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
        fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));      gp=vector(1,nlstate);
      }*/      gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){          gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);      
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
         }          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         i=0;        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
             i=i++;  
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);          gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){      } /* End theta */
               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);  
               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));      trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
             }  
           }      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         }/* end of loop for state */        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
       } /* end of loop for age */          trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
   
       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       /*        varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");      matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");      matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);        varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);  
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);      fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       */        fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/      free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       first1=1;      free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
         for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
           if(l2==k2) continue;    } /* End age */
           j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;  
           for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
             for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
               if(l1==k1) continue;    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
               i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;  
               if(i<=j) continue;  }
               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){  
                 if ((int)age %5==0){  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)
                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;  {
                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;    int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;    int k=0,l, cptcode;
                   c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);    int first=1, first1;
                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
                   lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
                   lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;    double *xp;
                   /* Eigen vectors */    double *gp, *gm;
                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));    double **gradg, **trgradg;
                   /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */    double **mu;
                   v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;    double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
                   v12=-v21;    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
                   v22=v11;    int theta;
                   tnalp=v21/v11;    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
                   if(first1==1){    char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
                     first1=0;    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
                     printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);  
                   }    double ***varpij;
                   fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);  
                   /*printf(fignu*/    strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */    strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */    if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
                   if(first==1){      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
                     first=0;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");    }
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);    strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov"); 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");    strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);    if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);    }
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);    strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor"); 
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\    strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\    if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
                   }else{      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
                     first=0;    }
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);    printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\    printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
                   }/* if first */    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
                 } /* age mod 5 */    
               } /* end loop age */    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
               first=1;    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
             } /*l12 */    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
           } /* k12 */    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
         } /*l1 */    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
       }/* k1 */  
     } /* loop covariates */  
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));      for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));        fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);        fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);      }  
   }    fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
   fclose(ficresprob);    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
   fclose(ficresprobcov);    xp=vector(1,npar);
   fclose(ficresprobcor);    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   fclose(ficgp);    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   fclose(fichtm);    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
 }    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
     first=1;
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/      printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\      exit(0);
                   int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\    }
                   int popforecast, int estepm ,\    else{
                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){    }
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/      printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);      exit(0);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);    }
   }    else{
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n      fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n  
  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");
  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n      fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months):      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");
    <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \  
   jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);    }
   
 fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");    cov[1]=1;
     tj=cptcoveff;
  m=cptcoveff;    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    j1=0;
     for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
  jj1=0;      for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ 
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){        j1++;
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){        if  (cptcovn>0) {
      jj1++;          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
      if (cptcovn > 0) {          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");
      }          
      /* Pij */          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
 <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);              fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");
      /* Quasi-incidences */          
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>          
 <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);          fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){          fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>          
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
        }          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");    
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>        }
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);        
      }        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and          cov[2]=age;
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);            cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
    } /* end i1 */          }
  }/* End k1 */          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
             cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
           
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n          gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n          trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
  - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n          gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n          gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n      
  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
             
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n            
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n            k=0;
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
  else              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);                k=k+1;
 fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
               }
  m=cptcoveff;            }
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}            
             for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
  jj1=0;              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){      
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
      jj1++;            k=0;
      if (cptcovn > 0) {            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)                k=k+1;
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");              }
      }            }
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {       
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];  
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);            }
      }  
    } /* end i1 */          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
  }/* End k1 */            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
 fclose(fichtm);          
 }          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/          free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){          free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
           free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;          free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   int ng;  
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);          
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);          k=0;
   }          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
 #ifdef windows              k=k+1;
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
 #endif            }
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);          }
            for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
  /* 1eme*/            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  
           /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
 #ifdef windows            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
 #endif            }*/
 #ifdef unix  
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres);          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
 #endif          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
   
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
 }            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {          }
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          i=0;
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
 }            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);              i=i++;
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
 }                  fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
 #ifdef unix              }
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n");            }
 #endif          }/* end of loop for state */
    }        } /* end of loop for age */
   }  
   /*2 eme*/        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
         /*
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
              fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
       k=2*i;          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        */
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");  
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
 }          first1=1;
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);            if(l2==k2) continue;
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
 }                  if(l1==k1) continue;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);                if(i<=j) continue;
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");                  if ((int)age %5==0){
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
 }                      v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
     }                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
   }                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
                      /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
   /*3eme*/                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {                    /* Eigen vectors */
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);                    v12=-v21;
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);                    v22=v11;
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");                    tnalp=v21/v11;
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);                    if(first1==1){
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);                      first1=0;
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);                    }
                     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
 */                    /*printf(fignu*/
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
                     if(first==1){
       }                      first=0;
     }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
   }                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
   /* CV preval stat */                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {                      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
       k=3;                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);                    }else{
                            first=0;
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;                      fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
       }                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);                      }/* if first */
     }                  } /* age mod 5 */
   }                  } /* end loop age */
                  fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
   /* proba elementaires */                first=1;
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){              } /*l12 */
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){            } /* k12 */
       if (k != i) {          } /*l1 */
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){        }/* k1 */
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);      } /* loop covariates */
           jk++;    }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         }    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     }    fclose(ficresprob);
    }    fclose(ficresprobcov);
     fclose(ficresprobcor);
    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/    fclose(ficgp);
      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {    fclose(fichtm);
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng);  }
        if (ng==2)  
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");  
        else  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);                    int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
        i=1;                    int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {                    int popforecast, int estepm ,\
          k3=i;                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
            if (k != k2){    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
              if(ng==2)    /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {
              else      printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
              ij=1;    }
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {  
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n
                  ij++;   - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n
                }   - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n
                else   - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): 
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);     <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \
              }    jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);
              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");  
                fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){    
                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);   m=cptcoveff;
                ij=1;   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){  
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {   jj1=0;
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
                    ij++;     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
                  }       jj1++;
                  else       if (cptcovn > 0) {
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);         fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
                }         for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
                fprintf(ficgp,")");           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
              }         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
              fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);       }
              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");       /* Pij */
              i=i+ncovmodel;       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>
            }  <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);     
          } /* end k */       /* Quasi-incidences */
        } /* end k2 */       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>
      } /* end jk */  <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1); 
    } /* end ng */         /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
    fclose(ficgp);         for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
 }  /* end gnuplot */           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>
   <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
          }
 /*************** Moving average **************/       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>
   <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);
   int i, cpt, cptcod;       }
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)  <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;     } /* end i1 */
       }/* End k1 */
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){  
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){  
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n
           }   - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n
         }   - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n
       }   - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n 
     }   - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n
       - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
 }  
    if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n
    - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n
 /************** Forecasting ******************/   - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){          <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
     else 
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;     fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);
   int *popage;  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;  
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;   m=cptcoveff;
   double ***p3mat;   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];  
    jj1=0;
  agelim=AGESUP;   for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
        jj1++;
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);       if (cptcovn > 0) {
           fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
           for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++) 
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {       }
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident
   }  interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);  <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);       }
      } /* end i1 */
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;   }/* End k1 */
    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   if (mobilav==1) {  fclose(fichtm);
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  }
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);  
   }  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;  
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;    int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
      int ng;
   agelim=AGESUP;    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
   hstepm=1;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;    }
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);  
   anprojmean=yp;    /*#ifdef windows */
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);      fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
   mprojmean=yp;      /*#endif */
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   jprojmean=yp;    
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;   /* 1eme*/
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
       k=k+1;         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {       }
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
       }       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);       } 
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1); 
             for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);         }  
        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){     }
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    }
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;    /*2 eme*/
              
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);        fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
              
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {        k=2*i;
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
             }        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                      }   
                 if (mobilav==1)        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
                 else {        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
                 }          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
                          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
               }        }   
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);
                                for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               }          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
             }          else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
           }        }   
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
         }        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
       }      }
     }    }
   }    
            /*3eme*/
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
   fclose(ficresf);      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
 }        k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
 /************** Forecasting ******************/        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){        fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
          /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
   int *popage;          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;          fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];          
         */
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
   agelim=AGESUP;          
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;        } 
        }
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    }
      
      /* CV preval stat */
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);      for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {        k=3;
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
   }        
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
         fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;        
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
   if (mobilav==1) {        fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);          l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
   }          fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
         }
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;        fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);   
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;      } 
      }  
   agelim=AGESUP;    
      /* proba elementaires */
   hstepm=1;    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
          if (k != i) {
   if (popforecast==1) {          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);            jk++; 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);            fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
     }          }
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);        }
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);      }
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);     }
      
     i=1;       for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
             fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng); 
     imx=i;         if (ng==2)
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
   }         else
            fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){         i=1;
       k=k+1;         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");           k3=i;
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);             if (k != k2){
       }               if(ng==2)
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");                 fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");               else
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);                 fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");               ij=1;
                     for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {                 if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                           ij++;
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){                 }
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);                 else
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                         }
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;               
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);                 for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){   
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){                 ij=1;
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
             }                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {                     ij++;
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;                   }
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                                 else
                 if (mobilav==1)                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];                 }
                 else {                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];               }
                 }               fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
               }               if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){               i=i+ncovmodel;
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;             }
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);           } /* end k */
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/         } /* end k2 */
               }       } /* end jk */
             }     } /* end ng */
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){     fclose(ficgp); 
               kk1=0.;  }  /* end gnuplot */
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){  
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];  
                 }  /*************** Moving average **************/
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];  int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
             }  
     int i, cpt, cptcod;
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    int modcovmax =1;
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);    int mobilavrange, mob;
           }    double age;
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
         }    modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose 
       }                             a covariate has 2 modalities */
      if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
   /******/  
     if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {      if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);        else mobilavrange=mobilav;
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;          for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
                      mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;         fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);           we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      */ 
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {      for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
             }          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                              for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];                      mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
               }                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);                }
             }              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
           }            }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          }
         }        }/* end age */
       }      }/* end mob */
    }    }else return -1;
   }    return 0;
    }/* End movingaverage */
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
   
   if (popforecast==1) {  /************** Forecasting ******************/
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);    
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
   }    int *popage;
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
   fclose(ficrespop);    double ***p3mat;
 }    double ***mobaverage;
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
 /***********************************************/  
 /**************** Main Program *****************/   agelim=AGESUP;
 /***********************************************/   calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
   
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
 {   
    
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;    strcpy(fileresf,"f"); 
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;    strcat(fileresf,fileres);
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;    if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
   double fret;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
   double **xi,tmp,delta;    }
     printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
   double ***p3mat;  
   int *indx;    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];  
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];    if (mobilav!=0) {
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
   int c,  h , cpt,l;        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   int ju,jl, mi;        printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;      }
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;    }
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;  
   int hstepm, nhstepm;    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;    if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;    agelim=AGESUP;
   double ftolpl=FTOL;    
   double **prlim;    hstepm=1;
   double *severity;    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */    yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);
   double  *p;    anprojmean=yp;
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */    yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */    mprojmean=yp;
   double *delti; /* Scale */    yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
   double ***eij, ***vareij;    jprojmean=yp;
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */    if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   double *epj, vepp;    if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   double kk1, kk2;    
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;    fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean); 
      
     for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
   char z[1]="c", occ;        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
 #include <sys/time.h>          fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
 #include <time.h>        }
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];        fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
          fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");
   /* long total_usecs;        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;        
          
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */        for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) { 
   getcwd(pathcd, size);          fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
           fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);   
   printf("\n%s",version);  
   if(argc <=1){          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
     scanf("%s",pathtot);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
   }            
   else{            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
   }            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/          
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/              if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/                fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
               } 
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
   chdir(path);                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
   replace(pathc,path);                  if (mobilav==1) 
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/                  else {
                     kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
   /* Log file */                  }
   strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);                  
   strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */                }
   if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){
     printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);                  fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);
     goto end;                          
   }                }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);              }
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);            }
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);          }
   fflush(ficlog);        }
       }
   /* */    }
   strcpy(fileres,"r");         
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */  
     fclose(ficresf);
   /*---------arguments file --------*/  }
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {  populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);    
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
     goto end;    int *popage;
   }    double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
   strcpy(filereso,"o");    double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
   strcat(filereso,fileres);    double ***mobaverage;
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {    char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);    tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     goto end;    tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   }    agelim=AGESUP;
     calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    
     puts(line);    strcpy(filerespop,"pop"); 
     fputs(line,ficparo);    strcat(filerespop,fileres);
   }    if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);    }
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);    if (mobilav!=0) {
     fputs(line,ficparo);      mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   }      if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
          printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
          }
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);    }
   cptcovn=0;  
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;    stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;    
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */    agelim=AGESUP;
      
   /* Read guess parameters */    hstepm=1;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    if (popforecast==1) {
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
     puts(line);        printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
     fputs(line,ficparo);        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
   }      } 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
        popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);      popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)      
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){      i=1;   
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);      while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);     
       if(mle==1)      imx=i;
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);      for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);    }
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);    for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
         if(mle==1){     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
           printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);        k=k+1;
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);        fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
         }        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
         else          fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);        }
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);        fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
       }        fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");        for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
       if(mle==1)        if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
         printf("\n");        
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) { 
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
     }          
            for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
             nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
   p=param[1][1];            
              p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);          
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
     puts(line);              if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
     fputs(line,ficparo);                fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
   }              } 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
                 kk1=0.;kk2=0;
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */                  if (mobilav==1) 
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){                  else {
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);                    kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);                  }
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);                }
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);                  tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);                    /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);                      if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
       }                }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");              }
       printf("\n");              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");                kk1=0.;
     }                  for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
   }                    kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]; 
   delti=delti3[1][1];                  }
                      tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */              }
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);              if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++) 
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
     puts(line);            }
     fputs(line,ficparo);            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   }          }
   ungetc(c,ficpar);        }
     
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    /******/
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){  
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);        for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) { 
     if(mle==1)          fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);   
       printf("%s",str);          for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){ 
     fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);            nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); 
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);            nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){            
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);            p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
       if(mle==1){            oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);            hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
       }              if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {
       else                fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);              } 
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
     }                kk1=0.;kk2=0;
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");                for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {              
     if(mle==1)                  kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];    
       printf("\n");                }
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");                if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1); 
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");              }
   }            }
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)            free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)          }
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];        }
         } 
   if(mle==1)    }
     printf("\n");   
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   
     if (popforecast==1) {
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/      free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */      free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/      free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */    }
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */    free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {    free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;    fclose(ficrespop);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;  }
     }  
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);  /***********************************************/
      /**************** Main Program *****************/
     /*-------- data file ----------*/  /***********************************************/
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {  
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;  {
     }    int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;
     n= lastobs;    double agedeb, agefin,hf;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);    double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);  
     num=ivector(1,n);    double fret;
     moisnais=vector(1,n);    double **xi,tmp,delta;
     annais=vector(1,n);  
     moisdc=vector(1,n);    double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     andc=vector(1,n);    double ***p3mat;
     agedc=vector(1,n);    double ***mobaverage;
     cod=ivector(1,n);    int *indx;
     weight=vector(1,n);    char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */    char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);    int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);    int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);    int c,  h , cpt,l;
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);        int ju,jl, mi;
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);    int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);    int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab; 
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     i=1;    int hstepm, nhstepm;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {    double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {  
            double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){    double ftolpl=FTOL;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);    double **prlim;
           strcpy(line,stra);    double *severity;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    double  *p;
         }    double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
            double ***delti3; /* Scale */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    double *delti; /* Scale */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    double *epj, vepp;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    double kk1, kk2;
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){    char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
         }  
         num[i]=atol(stra);    char z[1]="c", occ;
          #include <sys/time.h>
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){  #include <time.h>
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/    char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
    
         i=i+1;    /* long total_usecs;
       }       struct timeval start_time, end_time;
     }    
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);       gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
        scanf("%d",i);*/    getcwd(pathcd, size);
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */  
     printf("\n%s",version);
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){    if(argc <=1){
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;      printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;      scanf("%s",pathtot);
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;    }
     }*/    else{
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){      strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;    }
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/    /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
      /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
        printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/    /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */  
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);    split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);    chdir(path);
   Tage=ivector(1,15);          replace(pathc,path);
      
   if (strlen(model) >1){    /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;  
     j=nbocc(model,'+');    /* Log file */
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');    strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     cptcovn=j+1;    strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     cptcovprod=j1;    if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
          printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
     strcpy(modelsav,model);      goto end;
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){    }
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);    fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);
       goto end;    fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
     }    fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
        fflush(ficlog);
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){  
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */    /* */
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyze it */    strcpy(fileres,"r");
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/    strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/    strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */  
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/    /*---------arguments file --------*/
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */  
           cptcovprod--;    if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');      printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
           cptcovage++;      goto end;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;    }
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/  
         }    strcpy(filereso,"o");
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */    strcat(filereso,fileres);
           cptcovprod--;    if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');      printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
           cptcovage++;      goto end;
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;    }
         }  
         else {  /* Age is not in the model */    /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;      ungetc(c,ficpar);
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
           Tprod[k1]=i;      puts(line);
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/      fputs(line,ficparo);
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */    }
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];    ungetc(c,ficpar);
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];  
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)    fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];    printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
           k1++;    fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
           k2=k2+2;    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         }      ungetc(c,ficpar);
       }      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       else { /* no more sum */      puts(line);
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/      fputs(line,ficparo);
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/    }
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');    ungetc(c,ficpar);
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);    
       }     
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);      covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);    cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
         scanf("%d",i);*/    if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
     } /* end of loop + */  
   } /* end model */    ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
      nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);    
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);    /* Read guess parameters */
   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);    /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
   scanf("%d ",i);*/    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
     fclose(fic);      ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
     /*  if(mle==1){*/      puts(line);
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/      fputs(line,ficparo);
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;    }
     }    ungetc(c,ficpar);
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/    
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);    param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {        fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){        fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
          anint[m][i]=9999;        if(mle==1)
          s[m][i]=-1;          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
        }        fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;        for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
       }          fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
     }          if(mle==1){
             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {            fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);          }
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){          else
         if(s[m][i] >0){            fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {          fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             if(agedc[i]>0)        }
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)        fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];        if(mle==1)
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/          printf("\n");
            else {        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               if (andc[i]!=9999){        fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);      }
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);    
               agev[m][i]=-1;    npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
               }  
             }    p=param[1][1];
           }    
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */    /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)      ungetc(c,ficpar);
               agev[m][i]=1;      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){      puts(line);
               agemin=agev[m][i];      fputs(line,ficparo);
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/    }
             }    ungetc(c,ficpar);
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){  
               agemax=agev[m][i];    delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/    delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
             }    for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/        fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           }        printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           else { /* =9 */        fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
             agev[m][i]=1;        for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             s[m][i]=-1;          fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
           }          printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         }          fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
         else /*= 0 Unknown */        }
           agev[m][i]=1;        fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       }        printf("\n");
            fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
     }      }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    }
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){    delti=delti3[1][1];
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {    
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);      /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
           goto end;      ungetc(c,ficpar);
         }      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       }      puts(line);
     }      fputs(line,ficparo);
     }
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);    ungetc(c,ficpar);
  fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);    
     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);    for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);      fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);      if(mle==1)
     free_vector(annais,1,n);        printf("%s",str);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);      fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/      fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);      for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
     free_vector(andc,1,n);        fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1){
              printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
     wav=ivector(1,imx);          fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);        }
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);        else
              fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
     /* Concatenates waves */        fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);      }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
       if(mle==1)
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);        printf("\n");
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       ncodemax[1]=1;      fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);    }
          for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);      for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
    h=0;        matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);     
      if(mle==1)
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){      printf("\n");
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){  
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){  
            h++;    /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;    strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/    strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
          }    strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
        }    strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
      }    if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
    }      printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */    }
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){    fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){      
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);    /*-------- data file ----------*/
       }    if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("\n");      printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       }      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
       scanf("%d",i);*/    }
      
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age    n= lastobs;
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */    severity = vector(1,maxwav);
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
        num=ivector(1,n);
        moisnais=vector(1,n);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    annais=vector(1,n);
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    moisdc=vector(1,n);
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    andc=vector(1,n);
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    agedc=vector(1,n);
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    cod=ivector(1,n);
          weight=vector(1,n);
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]    for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */    mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */    anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     if(mle==1){    tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);    ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
     }  
        i=1;
     /*--------- results files --------------*/    while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);      if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
            
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
    jk=1;          cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb); 
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");          strcpy(line,stra);
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");          cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");          cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){        }
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){          
        if (k != i)        cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
          {        cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);  
            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);        cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);        cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){  
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);        cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
              fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);        for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);          cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
              jk++;        } 
            }        num[i]=atol(stra);
            printf("\n");          
            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");          printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
          }  
      }        i=i+1;
    }      }
    if(mle==1){    }
      /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */    /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
      ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */       scanf("%d",i);*/
      hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);    imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
    }  
    fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");    /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");      if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");      if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){      }*/
        if (j!=i) {     /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
          fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);       if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1; 
          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);       printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
          fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);    
          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){   
            printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);    /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
            fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);    Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
            fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);    Tprod=ivector(1,15); 
            jk++;    Tvaraff=ivector(1,15); 
          }    Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
          printf("\n");    Tage=ivector(1,15);      
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");     
          fprintf(ficres,"\n");    if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
        }      j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
      }      j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
    }      j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
          cptcovn=j+1; 
    k=1;      cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
    fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");      
    if(mle==1)      strcpy(modelsav,model); 
      printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");      if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");        printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
    for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){        fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
      /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;        goto end;
          i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;      }
          fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);      
          printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/      /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
      fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);  
      if(mle==1)      for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
        printf("%3d",i);        cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */ 
      fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);        if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
      for(j=1; j<=i;j++){        /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
        fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);        /*scanf("%d",i);*/
        if(mle==1)        if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
          printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);          cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
        fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);          if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
      }            cptcovprod--;
      fprintf(ficres,"\n");            cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
      if(mle==1)            Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
        printf("\n");            cptcovage++;
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");              Tage[cptcovage]=i;
      k++;              /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
    }          }
              else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){            cptcovprod--;
      ungetc(c,ficpar);            cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);            Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
      puts(line);            cptcovage++;
      fputs(line,ficparo);            Tage[cptcovage]=i;
    }          }
    ungetc(c,ficpar);          else {  /* Age is not in the model */
    estepm=0;            cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
    fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);            Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
    if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;            cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
    if (fage <= 2) {            Tprod[k1]=i;
      bage = ageminpar;            Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
      fage = agemaxpar;            Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
    }            Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
                Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2]; 
    fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");            for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++) 
    fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);              covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
    fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);            k1++;
                k2=k2+2;
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){          }
      ungetc(c,ficpar);        }
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        else { /* no more sum */
      puts(line);          /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
      fputs(line,ficparo);         /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
    }        cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
    ungetc(c,ficpar);        Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
          }
    fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);        strcpy(modelsav,stra);  
    fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);        /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
    fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);          scanf("%d",i);*/
          } /* end of loop + */
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    } /* end model */
      ungetc(c,ficpar);    
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
      puts(line);      If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
      fputs(line,ficparo);  
    }    /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
    ungetc(c,ficpar);    printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
      fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;    scanf("%d ",i);
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;    fclose(fic);*/
   
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);      /*  if(mle==1){*/
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);      if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);        for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
      }
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
     fputs(line,ficparo);      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
   }        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
   ungetc(c,ficpar);          anint[m][i]=9999;
           s[m][i]=-1;
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);        }
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);        if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);      }
     }
   
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
     puts(line);        if(s[m][i] >0 || s[m][i]==-2){
     fputs(line,ficparo);          if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
   }            if(agedc[i]>0)
   ungetc(c,ficpar);              if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999) agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);              else {
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);                if (andc[i]!=9999){
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);                  printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);                  agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/              }
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);          }
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");          else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {            agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);            if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)
   }              agev[m][i]=1;
   fclose(ficgp);            else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){ 
  printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);              agemin=agev[m][i];
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/              /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
             }
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);            else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");              agemax=agev[m][i];
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);            }
   }            /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
   fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n          }
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n          else { /* =9 */
 \n            agev[m][i]=1;
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n            s[m][i]=-1;
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n          }
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">        }
  <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n        else /*= 0 Unknown */
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n          agev[m][i]=1;
  - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n      }
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);      
   fclose(fichtm);    }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
  printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);      for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
          if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/          printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
  chdir(path);          fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
            goto end;
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);        }
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      }
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      }
  free_ivector(num,1,n);  
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);    printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/    fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax); 
  fclose(ficparo);  
  fclose(ficres);    free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/    free_vector(annais,1,n);
      /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);    free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {    free_vector(andc,1,n);
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;     
   }    wav=ivector(1,imx);
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");    mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");    
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);  
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");    /* Concatenates waves */
      concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    Tcode=ivector(1,100);
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    ncodemax[1]=1;
   k=0;    if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
   agebase=ageminpar;        
   agelim=agemaxpar;    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of 
   ftolpl=1.e-10;                                   the estimations*/
   i1=cptcoveff;    h=0;
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
         k=k+1;        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");            h++;
         printf("\n#******");            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {          } 
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        }
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      }
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    } 
         }    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]); 
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
         printf("******\n");    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
               printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){       }
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);       printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );       }
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)       scanf("%d",i);*/
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);      
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
         }       and prints on file fileres'p'. */
       }  
     }      pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
   fclose(ficrespl);      oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
       newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/      savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
        oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);      
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {     
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;    /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;       so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
   }    p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);    if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
        mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;    }
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/      
     /*--------- results files --------------*/
   agelim=AGESUP;    fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */  
     jk=1;
   /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
   k=0;    fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
       k=k+1;        if (k != i) 
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");          {
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)            printf("%d%d ",i,k);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
                    for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */              printf("%f ",p[jk]);
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */              fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
           /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/            }
             printf("\n");
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;            fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);            }
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");      }
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    }
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    if(mle==1){
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);      /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");      ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );    }
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);    fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
              }      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        if (j!=i) {
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");          fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         }          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
     }          fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
   }          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
   varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);            fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
             fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
   fclose(ficrespij);            jk++;
           }
           printf("\n");
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){          fprintf(ficres,"\n");
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);        }
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);      }
   }    }
   else{     
     erreur=108;    fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);    if(mle==1)
     fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);      printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
   }    fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
      for(i=1,k=1;i<=npar;i++){
       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/          i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1; 
           fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
   strcpy(filerest,"t");          printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
   strcat(filerest,fileres);      */
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {      fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;      if(mle==1)
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;        printf("%3d",i);
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);      for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);        fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
         if(mle==1)
           printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
   strcpy(filerese,"e");        fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
   strcat(filerese,fileres);      }
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {      fprintf(ficres,"\n");
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);      if(mle==1)
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);        printf("\n");
   }      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);      k++;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    }
      
   strcpy(fileresv,"v");    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);      ungetc(c,ficpar);
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);      puts(line);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);      fputs(line,ficparo);
   }    }
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);    ungetc(c,ficpar);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);  
   calagedate=-1;    estepm=0;
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
   k=0;    if (fage <= 2) {
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      bage = ageminpar;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      fage = agemaxpar;
       k=k+1;    }
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");     
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");    fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
      
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");      puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");    }
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");    fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
     fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;     
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
        ungetc(c,ficpar);
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      puts(line);
       varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0);      fputs(line,ficparo);
       if(popbased==1){    }
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased);    ungetc(c,ficpar);
        }   
   
      dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);  
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);    fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){    
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         if (popbased==1) {      ungetc(c,ficpar);
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];      puts(line);
         }      fputs(line,ficparo);
            }
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);    ungetc(c,ficpar);
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){  
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {    fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2);
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];    fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/    fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2);
           }  
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  
         }    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)      puts(line);
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];      fputs(line,ficparo);
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));    }
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){    ungetc(c,ficpar);
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));  
         }    fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");    fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
       }    fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);
     }  
   }  
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);    freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);  
     free_vector(weight,1,n);    /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
   fclose(ficreseij);    strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
   fclose(ficresvij);    strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   fclose(ficrest);    if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
   fclose(ficpar);      printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);    }
      else{
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/        fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");      fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);    }
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {    fclose(ficgp);
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);    printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
     exit(0);    /*--------- index.htm --------*/
   }  
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);    strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
   k=0;    if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){    }
       k=k+1;  
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");    fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  \n
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");  Total number of observations=%d <br>\n
        Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);  <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;   <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);   - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n
     }   - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n
  }   - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);
     fclose(fichtm);
   fclose(ficresvpl);  
     printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/   
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
      chdir(path);
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);   
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
      free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    free_ivector(num,1,n);
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    free_vector(agedc,1,n);
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
      /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);    fclose(ficparo);
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);    fclose(ficres);
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);  
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);  
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");    
   fclose(fichtm);    strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
   fclose(ficgp);    strcat(filerespl,fileres);
      if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
   if(erreur >0){      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    }
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
   }else{    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
    printf("End of Imach\n");    fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
    fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");    fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
   }    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
   printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);    fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
   fclose(ficlog);    
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */    prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
    
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/    agebase=ageminpar;
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/    agelim=agemaxpar;
   /*------ End -----------*/    ftolpl=1.e-10;
     i1=cptcoveff;
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
  end:  
 #ifdef windows    for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/      for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
 #endif        k=k+1;
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/        printf("\n#******");
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/        fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);        for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
  strcat(plotcmd," ");          fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);          printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
  system(plotcmd);          fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         }
 #ifdef windows        fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
   while (z[0] != 'q') {        printf("******\n");
     /* chdir(path); */        fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");          
     scanf("%s",z);        for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");          prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);          fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);            fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
   }          fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
 #endif        }
 }      }
     }
     fclose(ficrespl);
   
     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
     
     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
           
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
   
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
   
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
   
     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);
   
     fclose(ficrespij);
   
   
     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
      if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){
       prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);
       if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);
     } 
     else{
       erreur=108;
       printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);
       }
     
   
     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
     strcpy(filerest,"t");
     strcat(filerest,fileres);
     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
     }
     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   
     strcpy(filerese,"e");
     strcat(filerese,fileres);
     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
   
   
     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
     calagedate=-1;
   
     prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);
   
     if (mobilav!=0) {
       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       }
     }
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1; 
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);  
    
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);
         if(popbased==1){
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);
         }
   
    
         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
   
         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
           if (popbased==1) {
             if(mobilav ==0){
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
             }else{ /* mobilav */ 
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
             }
           }
           
           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
             }
             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
           }
   
           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
           }
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
         }
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
       }
     }
     free_vector(weight,1,n);
     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
     fclose(ficreseij);
     fclose(ficresvij);
     fclose(ficrest);
     fclose(ficpar);
     
     /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/   
   
     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
       exit(0);
     }
     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   
     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         k=k+1;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
     }
   
     fclose(ficresvpl);
   
     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_vector(delti,1,npar);
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
     free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");
     fclose(fichtm);
     fclose(ficgp);
     
   
     if(erreur >0){
       printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);
     }else{
      printf("End of Imach\n");
      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     
     /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/
     /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
     /*------ End -----------*/
   
     end:
   #ifdef windows
     /* chdir(pathcd);*/
   #endif 
    /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
    /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/
    /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/
     strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
     strcat(plotcmd," ");
     strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting: %s\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     system(plotcmd);
   
    /*#ifdef windows*/
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
       if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
       else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
     /*#endif */
   }
   
   

Removed from v.1.51  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.68


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