Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.85 and 1.189

version 1.85, 2003/06/17 13:12:43 version 1.189, 2015/04/30 14:45:16
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
   $State$    $State$
   $Log$    $Log$
     Revision 1.189  2015/04/30 14:45:16  brouard
     Summary: 0.98q2
   
     Revision 1.188  2015/04/30 08:27:53  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.187  2015/04/29 09:11:15  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.186  2015/04/23 12:01:52  brouard
     Summary: V1*age is working now, version 0.98q1
   
     Some codes had been disabled in order to simplify and Vn*age was
     working in the optimization phase, ie, giving correct MLE parameters,
     but, as usual, outputs were not correct and program core dumped.
   
     Revision 1.185  2015/03/11 13:26:42  brouard
     Summary: Inclusion of compile and links command line for Intel Compiler
   
     Revision 1.184  2015/03/11 11:52:39  brouard
     Summary: Back from Windows 8. Intel Compiler
   
     Revision 1.183  2015/03/10 20:34:32  brouard
     Summary: 0.98q0, trying with directest, mnbrak fixed
   
     We use directest instead of original Powell test; probably no
     incidence on the results, but better justifications;
     We fixed Numerical Recipes mnbrak routine which was wrong and gave
     wrong results.
   
     Revision 1.182  2015/02/12 08:19:57  brouard
     Summary: Trying to keep directest which seems simpler and more general
     Author: Nicolas Brouard
   
     Revision 1.181  2015/02/11 23:22:24  brouard
     Summary: Comments on Powell added
   
     Author:
   
     Revision 1.180  2015/02/11 17:33:45  brouard
     Summary: Finishing move from main to function (hpijx and prevalence_limit)
   
     Revision 1.179  2015/01/04 09:57:06  brouard
     Summary: back to OS/X
   
     Revision 1.178  2015/01/04 09:35:48  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.177  2015/01/03 18:40:56  brouard
     Summary: Still testing ilc32 on OSX
   
     Revision 1.176  2015/01/03 16:45:04  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.175  2015/01/03 16:33:42  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.174  2015/01/03 16:15:49  brouard
     Summary: Still in cross-compilation
   
     Revision 1.173  2015/01/03 12:06:26  brouard
     Summary: trying to detect cross-compilation
   
     Revision 1.172  2014/12/27 12:07:47  brouard
     Summary: Back from Visual Studio and Intel, options for compiling for Windows XP
   
     Revision 1.171  2014/12/23 13:26:59  brouard
     Summary: Back from Visual C
   
     Still problem with utsname.h on Windows
   
     Revision 1.170  2014/12/23 11:17:12  brouard
     Summary: Cleaning some \%% back to %%
   
     The escape was mandatory for a specific compiler (which one?), but too many warnings.
   
     Revision 1.169  2014/12/22 23:08:31  brouard
     Summary: 0.98p
   
     Outputs some informations on compiler used, OS etc. Testing on different platforms.
   
     Revision 1.168  2014/12/22 15:17:42  brouard
     Summary: update
   
     Revision 1.167  2014/12/22 13:50:56  brouard
     Summary: Testing uname and compiler version and if compiled 32 or 64
   
     Testing on Linux 64
   
     Revision 1.166  2014/12/22 11:40:47  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.165  2014/12/16 11:20:36  brouard
     Summary: After compiling on Visual C
   
     * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
   
     Revision 1.164  2014/12/16 10:52:11  brouard
     Summary: Merging with Visual C after suppressing some warnings for unused variables. Also fixing Saito's bug 0.98Xn
   
     * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
   
     Revision 1.163  2014/12/16 10:30:11  brouard
     * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
   
     Revision 1.162  2014/09/25 11:43:39  brouard
     Summary: temporary backup 0.99!
   
     Revision 1.1  2014/09/16 11:06:58  brouard
     Summary: With some code (wrong) for nlopt
   
     Author:
   
     Revision 1.161  2014/09/15 20:41:41  brouard
     Summary: Problem with macro SQR on Intel compiler
   
     Revision 1.160  2014/09/02 09:24:05  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.159  2014/09/01 10:34:10  brouard
     Summary: WIN32
     Author: Brouard
   
     Revision 1.158  2014/08/27 17:11:51  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.157  2014/08/27 16:26:55  brouard
     Summary: Preparing windows Visual studio version
     Author: Brouard
   
     In order to compile on Visual studio, time.h is now correct and time_t
     and tm struct should be used. difftime should be used but sometimes I
     just make the differences in raw time format (time(&now).
     Trying to suppress #ifdef LINUX
     Add xdg-open for __linux in order to open default browser.
   
     Revision 1.156  2014/08/25 20:10:10  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.155  2014/08/25 18:32:34  brouard
     Summary: New compile, minor changes
     Author: Brouard
   
     Revision 1.154  2014/06/20 17:32:08  brouard
     Summary: Outputs now all graphs of convergence to period prevalence
   
     Revision 1.153  2014/06/20 16:45:46  brouard
     Summary: If 3 live state, convergence to period prevalence on same graph
     Author: Brouard
   
     Revision 1.152  2014/06/18 17:54:09  brouard
     Summary: open browser, use gnuplot on same dir than imach if not found in the path
   
     Revision 1.151  2014/06/18 16:43:30  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.150  2014/06/18 16:42:35  brouard
     Summary: If gnuplot is not in the path try on same directory than imach binary (OSX)
     Author: brouard
   
     Revision 1.149  2014/06/18 15:51:14  brouard
     Summary: Some fixes in parameter files errors
     Author: Nicolas Brouard
   
     Revision 1.148  2014/06/17 17:38:48  brouard
     Summary: Nothing new
     Author: Brouard
   
     Just a new packaging for OS/X version 0.98nS
   
     Revision 1.147  2014/06/16 10:33:11  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.146  2014/06/16 10:20:28  brouard
     Summary: Merge
     Author: Brouard
   
     Merge, before building revised version.
   
     Revision 1.145  2014/06/10 21:23:15  brouard
     Summary: Debugging with valgrind
     Author: Nicolas Brouard
   
     Lot of changes in order to output the results with some covariates
     After the Edimburgh REVES conference 2014, it seems mandatory to
     improve the code.
     No more memory valgrind error but a lot has to be done in order to
     continue the work of splitting the code into subroutines.
     Also, decodemodel has been improved. Tricode is still not
     optimal. nbcode should be improved. Documentation has been added in
     the source code.
   
     Revision 1.143  2014/01/26 09:45:38  brouard
     Summary: Version 0.98nR (to be improved, but gives same optimization results as 0.98k. Nice, promising
   
     * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
     (Module): Version 0.98nR Running ok, but output format still only works for three covariates.
   
     Revision 1.142  2014/01/26 03:57:36  brouard
     Summary: gnuplot changed plot w l 1 has to be changed to plot w l lt 2
   
     * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
   
     Revision 1.141  2014/01/26 02:42:01  brouard
     * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
   
     Revision 1.140  2011/09/02 10:37:54  brouard
     Summary: times.h is ok with mingw32 now.
   
     Revision 1.139  2010/06/14 07:50:17  brouard
     After the theft of my laptop, I probably lost some lines of codes which were not uploaded to the CVS tree.
     I remember having already fixed agemin agemax which are pointers now but not cvs saved.
   
     Revision 1.138  2010/04/30 18:19:40  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.137  2010/04/29 18:11:38  brouard
     (Module): Checking covariates for more complex models
     than V1+V2. A lot of change to be done. Unstable.
   
     Revision 1.136  2010/04/26 20:30:53  brouard
     (Module): merging some libgsl code. Fixing computation
     of likelione (using inter/intrapolation if mle = 0) in order to
     get same likelihood as if mle=1.
     Some cleaning of code and comments added.
   
     Revision 1.135  2009/10/29 15:33:14  brouard
     (Module): Now imach stops if date of birth, at least year of birth, is not given. Some cleaning of the code.
   
     Revision 1.134  2009/10/29 13:18:53  brouard
     (Module): Now imach stops if date of birth, at least year of birth, is not given. Some cleaning of the code.
   
     Revision 1.133  2009/07/06 10:21:25  brouard
     just nforces
   
     Revision 1.132  2009/07/06 08:22:05  brouard
     Many tings
   
     Revision 1.131  2009/06/20 16:22:47  brouard
     Some dimensions resccaled
   
     Revision 1.130  2009/05/26 06:44:34  brouard
     (Module): Max Covariate is now set to 20 instead of 8. A
     lot of cleaning with variables initialized to 0. Trying to make
     V2+V3*age+V1+V4 strb=V3*age+V1+V4 working better.
   
     Revision 1.129  2007/08/31 13:49:27  lievre
     Modification of the way of exiting when the covariate is not binary in order to see on the window the error message before exiting
   
     Revision 1.128  2006/06/30 13:02:05  brouard
     (Module): Clarifications on computing e.j
   
     Revision 1.127  2006/04/28 18:11:50  brouard
     (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
     imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
     loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
     (Module): In order to speed up (in case of numerous covariates) we
     compute health expectancies (without variances) in a first step
     and then all the health expectancies with variances or standard
     deviation (needs data from the Hessian matrices) which slows the
     computation.
     In the future we should be able to stop the program is only health
     expectancies and graph are needed without standard deviations.
   
     Revision 1.126  2006/04/28 17:23:28  brouard
     (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
     imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
     loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
     Version 0.98h
   
     Revision 1.125  2006/04/04 15:20:31  lievre
     Errors in calculation of health expectancies. Age was not initialized.
     Forecasting file added.
   
     Revision 1.124  2006/03/22 17:13:53  lievre
     Parameters are printed with %lf instead of %f (more numbers after the comma).
     The log-likelihood is printed in the log file
   
     Revision 1.123  2006/03/20 10:52:43  brouard
     * imach.c (Module): <title> changed, corresponds to .htm file
     name. <head> headers where missing.
   
     * imach.c (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
     English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
     otherwise the weight is truncated).
     Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
     1.
     Version 0.98g
   
     Revision 1.122  2006/03/20 09:45:41  brouard
     (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
     English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
     otherwise the weight is truncated).
     Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
     1.
     Version 0.98g
   
     Revision 1.121  2006/03/16 17:45:01  lievre
     * imach.c (Module): Comments concerning covariates added
   
     * imach.c (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
     status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
     not 1 month. Version 0.98f
   
     Revision 1.120  2006/03/16 15:10:38  lievre
     (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
     status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
     not 1 month. Version 0.98f
   
     Revision 1.119  2006/03/15 17:42:26  brouard
     (Module): Bug if status = -2, the loglikelihood was
     computed as likelihood omitting the logarithm. Version O.98e
   
     Revision 1.118  2006/03/14 18:20:07  brouard
     (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
     table of variances if popbased=1 .
     (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
     (Module): Function pstamp added
     (Module): Version 0.98d
   
     Revision 1.117  2006/03/14 17:16:22  brouard
     (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
     table of variances if popbased=1 .
     (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
     (Module): Function pstamp added
     (Module): Version 0.98d
   
     Revision 1.116  2006/03/06 10:29:27  brouard
     (Module): Variance-covariance wrong links and
     varian-covariance of ej. is needed (Saito).
   
     Revision 1.115  2006/02/27 12:17:45  brouard
     (Module): One freematrix added in mlikeli! 0.98c
   
     Revision 1.114  2006/02/26 12:57:58  brouard
     (Module): Some improvements in processing parameter
     filename with strsep.
   
     Revision 1.113  2006/02/24 14:20:24  brouard
     (Module): Memory leaks checks with valgrind and:
     datafile was not closed, some imatrix were not freed and on matrix
     allocation too.
   
     Revision 1.112  2006/01/30 09:55:26  brouard
     (Module): Back to gnuplot.exe instead of wgnuplot.exe
   
     Revision 1.111  2006/01/25 20:38:18  brouard
     (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
     (Module): Comments can be added in data file. Missing date values
     can be a simple dot '.'.
   
     Revision 1.110  2006/01/25 00:51:50  brouard
     (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
   
     Revision 1.109  2006/01/24 19:37:15  brouard
     (Module): Comments (lines starting with a #) are allowed in data.
   
     Revision 1.108  2006/01/19 18:05:42  lievre
     Gnuplot problem appeared...
     To be fixed
   
     Revision 1.107  2006/01/19 16:20:37  brouard
     Test existence of gnuplot in imach path
   
     Revision 1.106  2006/01/19 13:24:36  brouard
     Some cleaning and links added in html output
   
     Revision 1.105  2006/01/05 20:23:19  lievre
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.104  2005/09/30 16:11:43  lievre
     (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
     (Module): If the status is missing at the last wave but we know
     that the person is alive, then we can code his/her status as -2
     (instead of missing=-1 in earlier versions) and his/her
     contributions to the likelihood is 1 - Prob of dying from last
     health status (= 1-p13= p11+p12 in the easiest case of somebody in
     the healthy state at last known wave). Version is 0.98
   
     Revision 1.103  2005/09/30 15:54:49  lievre
     (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
   
     Revision 1.102  2004/09/15 17:31:30  brouard
     Add the possibility to read data file including tab characters.
   
     Revision 1.101  2004/09/15 10:38:38  brouard
     Fix on curr_time
   
     Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
     Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
   
     Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
     *** empty log message ***
   
     Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
     New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
     directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
     state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
     This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
     other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
     cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
     from other sources like vital statistic data.
   
     The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
   
     Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
     former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
   
     The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
     the slope with 95% confident intervals.
   
     Current limitations:
     A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
     model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
     B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
   
     Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
     Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
     suppressed.
   
     Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
     rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
   
     Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository):
     (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
     matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
   
     Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
     Just cleaning
   
     Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
     (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
     exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
     (Module): Version 0.96b
   
     Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
     (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
     exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
   
     Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
     (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
     helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
     is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
     concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
   
     Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
     (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
     mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
     of the covariance matrix to be input.
   
     Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
     (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
     mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
     of the covariance matrix to be input.
   
     Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
     * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
   
     Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
     Version 0.96
   
     Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
     (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
     routine fileappend.
   
   Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
   * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
   current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
Line 19 Line 487
   place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
   many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
   parcimony.    parcimony.
   Version 0.95a2 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
   
   Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
   *** empty log message ***    *** empty log message ***
Line 69 Line 537
   hPijx.    hPijx.
   
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence.     of the life expectancies. It also computes the period (stable) prevalence. 
       
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
   from the European Union.    from the European Union.
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
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       begin-prev-date,...        begin-prev-date,...
   open gnuplot file    open gnuplot file
   open html file    open html file
   stable prevalence    period (stable) prevalence      | pl_nom    1-1 2-2 etc by covariate
    for age prevalim()     for age prevalim()             | #****** V1=0  V2=1  V3=1  V4=0 ******
   h Pij x                                    | 65 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 0  0.96326 0.03674
   variance of p varprob      freexexit2 possible for memory heap.
   
     h Pij x                         | pij_nom  ficrestpij
      # Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j= 1-1 1-2     1-3     2-1     2-2     2-3
          1  85   85    1.00000             0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1.00000 0.00000
          1  85   86    0.68299             0.22291 0.09410 0.71093 0.00000 0.28907
   
          1  65   99    0.00364             0.00322 0.99314 0.00350 0.00310 0.99340
          1  65  100    0.00214             0.00204 0.99581 0.00206 0.00196 0.99597
     variance of p one-step probabilities varprob  | prob_nom   ficresprob #One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()
      Standard deviation of one-step probabilities | probcor_nom   ficresprobcor #One-step probabilities and correlation matrix
      Matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities |  probcov_nom ficresprobcov #One-step probabilities and covariance matrix
   
   forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()    forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
   health expectancies    health expectancies
   Variance-covariance of DFLE    Variance-covariance of DFLE
Line 110 Line 590
   varevsij()     varevsij() 
   if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
   total life expectancies    total life expectancies
   Variance of stable prevalence    Variance of period (stable) prevalence
  end   end
 */  */
   
   /* #define DEBUG */
   /* #define DEBUGBRENT */
   #define POWELL /* Instead of NLOPT */
   /* #define POWELLORIGINAL /\* Don't use Directest to decide new direction but original Powell test *\/ */
   /* #define MNBRAKORIGINAL /\* Don't use mnbrak fix *\/ */
   
   
    
 #include <math.h>  #include <math.h>
 #include <stdio.h>  #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>  #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <string.h>
   
   #ifdef _WIN32
   #include <io.h>
   #include <windows.h>
   #include <tchar.h>
   #else
 #include <unistd.h>  #include <unistd.h>
   #endif
   
   #include <limits.h>
   #include <sys/types.h>
   
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
   #include <sys/utsname.h> /* Doesn't work on Windows */
   #endif
   
   #include <sys/stat.h>
   #include <errno.h>
   /* extern int errno; */
   
   /* #ifdef LINUX */
   /* #include <time.h> */
   /* #include "timeval.h" */
   /* #else */
   /* #include <sys/time.h> */
   /* #endif */
   
   #include <time.h>
   
   #ifdef GSL
   #include <gsl/gsl_errno.h>
   #include <gsl/gsl_multimin.h>
   #endif
   
   
   #ifdef NLOPT
   #include <nlopt.h>
   typedef struct {
     double (* function)(double [] );
   } myfunc_data ;
   #endif
   
   /* #include <libintl.h> */
   /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
   
   #define MAXLINE 1024 /* Was 256. Overflow with 312 with 2 states and 4 covariates. Should be ok */
   
 #define MAXLINE 256  
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 132  #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
 /*#define DEBUG*/  
 /*#define windows*/  
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
   
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */  #define MAXPARM 128 /**< Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  #define NPARMAX 64 /**< (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
   
 #define NINTERVMAX 8  #define NINTERVMAX 8
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /**< Maximum number of live states (for func) */
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /**< Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */  #define NCOVMAX 20 /**< Maximum number of covariates, including generated covariates V1*V2 */
   #define codtabm(h,k)  1 & (h-1) >> (k-1) ;
 #define MAXN 20000  #define MAXN 20000
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */  #define YEARM 12. /**< Number of months per year */
 #define AGESUP 130  #define AGESUP 130
 #define AGEBASE 40  #define AGEBASE 40
 #ifdef unix  #define AGEGOMP 10 /**< Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'  #ifdef _WIN32
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'  
 #else  
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
   #define CHARSEPARATOR "\\"
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
   #else
   #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
   #define CHARSEPARATOR "/"
   #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
 #endif  #endif
   
 /* $Id$ */  /* $Id$ */
 /* $State$ */  /* $State$ */
   
 char version[]="Imach version 0.95a2, June 2003, INED-EUROREVES ";  char version[]="Imach version 0.98q2, April 2015,INED-EUROREVES-Institut de longevite-Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121), Intel Software 2015";
 char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$";   char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
 int erreur; /* Error number */  char strstart[80];
 int nvar;  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH];
 int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;  int erreur=0, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
   int nagesqr=0, nforce=0; /* nagesqr=1 if model is including age*age, number of forces */
   /* Number of covariates model=V2+V1+ V3*age+V2*V4 */
   int cptcovn=0; /**< cptcovn number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age and age*product) */
   int cptcovt=0; /**< cptcovt number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age) */
   int cptcovs=0; /**< cptcovs number of simple covariates V2+V1 =2 */
   int cptcovage=0; /**< Number of covariates with age: V3*age only =1 */
   int cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age */   
   int cptcoveff=0; /* Total number of covariates to vary for printing results */
   int cptcov=0; /* Working variable */
 int npar=NPARMAX;  int npar=NPARMAX;
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */  int ncovmodel=0, ncovcol=0;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
 int popbased=0;  int popbased=0;
   
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */  int maxwav=0; /* Maxim number of waves */
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */  int jmin=0, jmax=0; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
 int mle, weightopt;  int ijmin=0, ijmax=0; /* Individuals having jmin and jmax */ 
   int gipmx=0, gsw=0; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
                      to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
   int mle=1, weightopt=0;
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
 int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
            * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */  int countcallfunc=0;  /* Count the number of calls to func */
   double jmean=1; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   double **matprod2(); /* test */
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;  /*FILE *fic ; */ /* Used in readdata only */
   FILE *ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres, *ficresp, *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
 FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
 int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */  int globpr=0; /* Global variable for printing or not */
 double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
 long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */  long ipmx=0; /* Number of contributions */
 double sw; /* Sum of weights */  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
 FILE *ficresilk;  FILE *ficresilk;
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
 FILE *ficresprobmorprev;  FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
 FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */  FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
 FILE *ficreseij;  FILE *ficreseij;
 char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
   FILE *ficresstdeij;
   char fileresstde[FILENAMELENGTH];
   FILE *ficrescveij;
   char filerescve[FILENAMELENGTH];
 FILE  *ficresvij;  FILE  *ficresvij;
 char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
 FILE  *ficresvpl;  FILE  *ficresvpl;
 char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char title[MAXLINE];  char title[MAXLINE];
 char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];  char plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH], pplotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
   char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
   int  outcmd=0;
   
 char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
 char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
 char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];  char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
 char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
 char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
   
   /* struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time; */
   /* struct timezone tzp; */
   /* extern int gettimeofday(); */
   struct tm tml, *gmtime(), *localtime();
   
   extern time_t time();
   
   struct tm start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
   time_t  rstart_time, rend_time, rcurr_time, rlast_time, rforecast_time; /* raw time */
   struct tm tm;
   
   char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
   
   char *endptr;
   long lval;
   double dval;
   
 #define NR_END 1  #define NR_END 1
 #define FREE_ARG char*  #define FREE_ARG char*
Line 227  static double maxarg1,maxarg2; Line 799  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
       
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
   /* http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~robbers/cmbeasy/doc/html/myutils_8h-source.html */
   #define mytinydouble 1.0e-16
   /* #define DEQUAL(a,b) (fabs((a)-(b))<mytinydouble) */
   /* http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~robbers/cmbeasy/doc/html/mynrutils_8h-source.html */
   /* static double dsqrarg; */
   /* #define DSQR(a) (DEQUAL((dsqrarg=(a)),0.0) ? 0.0 : dsqrarg*dsqrarg) */
 static double sqrarg;  static double sqrarg;
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}   #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
   int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
   
 int imx;   int imx; 
 int stepm;  int stepm=1;
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
   
 int estepm;  int estepm;
Line 241  int estepm; Line 819  int estepm;
   
 int m,nb;  int m,nb;
 long *num;  long *num;
 int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;  int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage,*cens;
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
 double **pmmij, ***probs;  double **pmmij, ***probs;
   double *ageexmed,*agecens;
 double dateintmean=0;  double dateintmean=0;
   
 double *weight;  double *weight;
 int **s; /* Status */  int **s; /* Status */
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  double *agedc;
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;  double  **covar; /**< covar[j,i], value of jth covariate for individual i,
                     * covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
                     * cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*age; */
   double  idx; 
   int **nbcode, *Tvar; /**< model=V2 => Tvar[1]= 2 */
   int *Ndum; /** Freq of modality (tricode */
   int **codtab; /**< codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); */
   int **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
   double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
   
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  double ftol=FTOL; /**< Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */  double ftolhess; /**< Tolerance for computing hessian */
   
 /**************** split *************************/  /**************** split *************************/
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
 {  {
     /* From a file name with (full) path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
        the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
     */ 
   char  *ss;                            /* pointer */    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
   int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */    int   l1=0, l2=0;                             /* length counters */
   
   l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
   if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
   ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
   if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so determine current directory */
       strcpy( name, path );               /* we got the fullname name because no directory */
     /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
       printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
     /* get current working directory */      /* get current working directory */
     /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
     if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {  #ifdef WIN32
       if (_getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
   #else
           if (getcwd(dirc, FILENAME_MAX) == NULL) {
   #endif
       return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
     }      }
     strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */      /* got dirc from getcwd*/
       printf(" DIRC = %s \n",dirc);
   } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */    } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
     ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
     l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
     if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
     strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
     strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
     dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */      dirc[l1-l2] = '\0';                 /* add zero */
       printf(" DIRC2 = %s \n",dirc);
   }    }
     /* We add a separator at the end of dirc if not exists */
   l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
   /*#ifdef windows    if( dirc[l1-1] != DIRSEPARATOR ){
   if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }      dirc[l1] =  DIRSEPARATOR;
 #else      dirc[l1+1] = 0; 
   if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }      printf(" DIRC3 = %s \n",dirc);
 #endif    }
   */  
   ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
   ss++;    if (ss >0){
   strcpy(ext,ss);                       /* save extension */      ss++;
   l1= strlen( name);      strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
   l2= strlen(ss)+1;      l1= strlen( name);
   strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);      l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   finame[l1-l2]= 0;      strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
       finame[l1-l2]= 0;
     }
   
   return( 0 );                          /* we're done */    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
 }  }
   
   
 /******************************************/  /******************************************/
   
 void replace(char *s, char*t)  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
 {  {
   int i;    int i;
   int lg=20;    int lg=0;
   i=0;    i=0;
   lg=strlen(t);    lg=strlen(t);
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
Line 312  void replace(char *s, char*t) Line 912  void replace(char *s, char*t)
   }    }
 }  }
   
   char *trimbb(char *out, char *in)
   { /* Trim multiple blanks in line but keeps first blanks if line starts with blanks */
     char *s;
     s=out;
     while (*in != '\0'){
       while( *in == ' ' && *(in+1) == ' '){ /* && *(in+1) != '\0'){*/
         in++;
       }
       *out++ = *in++;
     }
     *out='\0';
     return s;
   }
   
   /* char *substrchaine(char *out, char *in, char *chain) */
   /* { */
   /*   /\* Substract chain 'chain' from 'in', return and output 'out' *\/ */
   /*   char *s, *t; */
   /*   t=in;s=out; */
   /*   while ((*in != *chain) && (*in != '\0')){ */
   /*     *out++ = *in++; */
   /*   } */
   
   /*   /\* *in matches *chain *\/ */
   /*   while ((*in++ == *chain++) && (*in != '\0')){ */
   /*     printf("*in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
   /*   } */
   /*   in--; chain--; */
   /*   while ( (*in != '\0')){ */
   /*     printf("Bef *in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
   /*     *out++ = *in++; */
   /*     printf("Aft *in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
   /*   } */
   /*   *out='\0'; */
   /*   out=s; */
   /*   return out; */
   /* } */
   char *substrchaine(char *out, char *in, char *chain)
   {
     /* Substract chain 'chain' from 'in', return and output 'out' */
     /* in="V1+V1*age+age*age+V2", chain="age*age" */
   
     char *strloc;
   
     strcpy (out, in); 
     strloc = strstr(out, chain); /* strloc points to out at age*age+V2 */
     printf("Bef strloc=%s chain=%s out=%s \n", strloc, chain, out);
     if(strloc != NULL){ 
       /* will affect out */ /* strloc+strlenc(chain)=+V2 */ /* Will also work in Unicode */
       memmove(strloc,strloc+strlen(chain), strlen(strloc+strlen(chain))+1);
       /* strcpy (strloc, strloc +strlen(chain));*/
     }
     printf("Aft strloc=%s chain=%s in=%s out=%s \n", strloc, chain, in, out);
     return out;
   }
   
   
   char *cutl(char *blocc, char *alocc, char *in, char occ)
   {
     /* cuts string in into blocc and alocc where blocc ends before FIRST occurence of char 'occ' 
        and alocc starts after first occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(blocc,alocc,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
        gives blocc="abcdef" and alocc="ghi2j".
        If occ is not found blocc is null and alocc is equal to in. Returns blocc
     */
     char *s, *t;
     t=in;s=in;
     while ((*in != occ) && (*in != '\0')){
       *alocc++ = *in++;
     }
     if( *in == occ){
       *(alocc)='\0';
       s=++in;
     }
    
     if (s == t) {/* occ not found */
       *(alocc-(in-s))='\0';
       in=s;
     }
     while ( *in != '\0'){
       *blocc++ = *in++;
     }
   
     *blocc='\0';
     return t;
   }
   char *cutv(char *blocc, char *alocc, char *in, char occ)
   {
     /* cuts string in into blocc and alocc where blocc ends before LAST occurence of char 'occ' 
        and alocc starts after last occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(blocc,alocc,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
        gives blocc="abcdef2ghi" and alocc="j".
        If occ is not found blocc is null and alocc is equal to in. Returns alocc
     */
     char *s, *t;
     t=in;s=in;
     while (*in != '\0'){
       while( *in == occ){
         *blocc++ = *in++;
         s=in;
       }
       *blocc++ = *in++;
     }
     if (s == t) /* occ not found */
       *(blocc-(in-s))='\0';
     else
       *(blocc-(in-s)-1)='\0';
     in=s;
     while ( *in != '\0'){
       *alocc++ = *in++;
     }
   
     *alocc='\0';
     return s;
   }
   
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
 {  {
   int i,j=0;    int i,j=0;
Line 324  int nbocc(char *s, char occ) Line 1038  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
   return j;    return j;
 }  }
   
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)  /* void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ) */
 {  /* { */
   /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it  /*   /\* cuts string t into u and v where u ends before last occurence of char 'occ'  */
      and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)  /*      and v starts after last occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2') */
      gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */  /*      gives u="abcdef2ghi" and v="j" *\/ */
   int i,lg,j,p=0;  /*   int i,lg,j,p=0; */
   i=0;  /*   i=0; */
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {  /*   lg=strlen(t); */
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  /*   for(j=0; j<=lg-1; j++) { */
   }  /*     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1; */
   /*   } */
   lg=strlen(t);  
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {  /*   for(j=0; j<p; j++) { */
     (u[j] = t[j]);  /*     (u[j] = t[j]); */
   }  /*   } */
      u[p]='\0';  /*      u[p]='\0'; */
   
   /*    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) { */
   /*     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]); */
   /*   } */
   /* } */
   
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {  #ifdef _WIN32
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);  char * strsep(char **pp, const char *delim)
   }  {
     char *p, *q;
            
     if ((p = *pp) == NULL)
       return 0;
     if ((q = strpbrk (p, delim)) != NULL)
     {
       *pp = q + 1;
       *q = '\0';
     }
     else
       *pp = 0;
     return p;
 }  }
   #endif
   
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  /********************** nrerror ********************/
   
Line 453  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long Line 1185  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long
   
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
   return m;    return m;
   /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1])     /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) or &(m[1][0])
   m[i] = address of ith row of the table. &(m[i]) is its value which is another adress
   that of m[i][0]. In order to get the value p m[i][0] but it is unitialized.
    */     */
 }  }
   
Line 508  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, lo Line 1242  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, lo
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
 }  }
   
   /*************** function subdirf ***********/
   char *subdirf(char fileres[])
   {
     /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
     strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     return tmpout;
   }
   
   /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
   char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
   {
     
     /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(tmpout,"/");
     strcat(tmpout,preop);
     strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     return tmpout;
   }
   
   /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
   char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
   {
     
     /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(tmpout,"/");
     strcat(tmpout,preop);
     strcat(tmpout,preop2);
     strcat(tmpout,fileres);
     return tmpout;
   }
   
   char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
   {
     long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
     days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
     sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
     hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
     sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
     minutes = (sec_left) /60;
     sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
     sprintf(ascdiff,"%ld day(s) %ld hour(s) %ld minute(s) %ld second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
     return ascdiff;
   }
   
 /***************** f1dim *************************/  /***************** f1dim *************************/
 extern int ncom;   extern int ncom; 
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
Line 528  double f1dim(double x) Line 1310  double f1dim(double x)
   
 /*****************brent *************************/  /*****************brent *************************/
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
 {   {
     /* Given a function f, and given a bracketing triplet of abscissas ax, bx, cx (such that bx is
      * between ax and cx, and f(bx) is less than both f(ax) and f(cx) ), this routine isolates
      * the minimum to a fractional precision of about tol using Brent’s method. The abscissa of
      * the minimum is returned as xmin, and the minimum function value is returned as brent , the
      * returned function value. 
     */
   int iter;     int iter; 
   double a,b,d,etemp;    double a,b,d,etemp;
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    double fu=0,fv,fw,fx;
   double ftemp;    double ftemp=0.;
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;     double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
   double e=0.0;     double e=0.0; 
     
Line 546  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl Line 1334  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
 #ifdef DEBUG  #ifdef DEBUGBRENT
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
     fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);      fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
Line 581  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl Line 1369  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl
     if (fu <= fx) {       if (fu <= fx) { 
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;         if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)         SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
         } else {       } else { 
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;         if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {         if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
             v=w;           v=w; 
             w=u;           w=u; 
             fv=fw;           fv=fw; 
             fw=fu;           fw=fu; 
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {         } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
             v=u;           v=u; 
             fv=fu;           fv=fu; 
           }         } 
         }       } 
   }     } 
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");     nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
   *xmin=x;     *xmin=x; 
Line 604  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl Line 1392  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl
   
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
             double (*func)(double))               double (*func)(double)) 
 {   { /* Given a function func , and given distinct initial points ax and bx , this routine searches in
   the downhill direction (defined by the function as evaluated at the initial points) and returns
   new points ax , bx , cx that bracket a minimum of the function. Also returned are the function
   values at the three points, fa, fb , and fc such that fa > fb and fb < fc.
      */
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
   double fu;     double fu; 
    
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);     double scale=10.;
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);     int iterscale=0;
   
     *fa=(*func)(*ax); /*  xta[j]=pcom[j]+(*ax)*xicom[j]; fa=f(xta[j])*/
     *fb=(*func)(*bx); /*  xtb[j]=pcom[j]+(*bx)*xicom[j]; fb=f(xtb[j]) */
   
   
     /* while(*fb != *fb){ /\* *ax should be ok, reducing distance to *ax *\/ */
     /*   printf("Warning mnbrak *fb = %lf, *bx=%lf *ax=%lf *fa==%lf iter=%d\n",*fb, *bx, *ax, *fa, iterscale++); */
     /*   *bx = *ax - (*ax - *bx)/scale; */
     /*   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  /\*  xtb[j]=pcom[j]+(*bx)*xicom[j]; fb=f(xtb[j]) *\/ */
     /* } */
   
   if (*fb > *fa) {     if (*fb > *fa) { 
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)       SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
       }     } 
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);     *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);     *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
   while (*fb > *fc) {   #ifdef DEBUG
     printf("mnbrak0 *fb=%.12e *fc=%.12e\n",*fb,*fc);
     fprintf(ficlog,"mnbrak0 *fb=%.12e *fc=%.12e\n",*fb,*fc);
   #endif
     while (*fb > *fc) { /* Declining a,b,c with fa> fb > fc */
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);       r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);       q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); 
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/       u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));         (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); /* Minimum abscissa of a parabolic estimated from (a,fa), (b,fb) and (c,fc). */
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);       ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); /* Maximum abscissa where function should be evaluated */
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {       if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { /* if u_p is between b and c */
       fu=(*func)(u);         fu=(*func)(u); 
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {   #ifdef DEBUG
         /* f(x)=A(x-u)**2+f(u) */
         double A, fparabu; 
         A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
         fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
         printf("mnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu);
         fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu);
         /* And thus,it can be that fu > *fc even if fparabu < *fc */
         /* mnbrak (*ax=7.666299858533, *fa=299039.693133272231), (*bx=8.595447774979, *fb=298976.598289369489),
           (*cx=10.098840694817, *fc=298946.631474258087),  (*u=9.852501168332, fu=298948.773013752128, fparabu=298945.434711494134) */
         /* In that case, there is no bracket in the output! Routine is wrong with many consequences.*/
   #endif 
   #ifdef MNBRAKORIGINAL
   #else
         if (fu > *fc) {
   #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("mnbrak4  fu > fc \n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak4 fu > fc\n");
   #endif
           /* SHFT(u,*cx,*cx,u) /\* ie a=c, c=u and u=c; in that case, next SHFT(a,b,c,u) will give a=b=b, b=c=u, c=u=c and *\/  */
           /* SHFT(*fa,*fc,fu,*fc) /\* (b, u, c) is a bracket while test fb > fc will be fu > fc  will exit *\/ */
           dum=u; /* Shifting c and u */
           u = *cx;
           *cx = dum;
           dum = fu;
           fu = *fc;
           *fc =dum;
         } else { /* end */
   #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("mnbrak3  fu < fc \n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak3 fu < fc\n");
   #endif
           dum=u; /* Shifting c and u */
           u = *cx;
           *cx = dum;
           dum = fu;
           fu = *fc;
           *fc =dum;
         }
   #endif
       } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { /* u is after c but before ulim */
   #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("mnbrak2  u after c but before ulim\n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak2 u after c but before ulim\n");
   #endif
       fu=(*func)(u);         fu=(*func)(u); 
       if (fu < *fc) {         if (fu < *fc) { 
   #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("mnbrak2  u after c but before ulim AND fu < fc\n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak2 u after c but before ulim AND fu <fc \n");
   #endif
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))           SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
           }         } 
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {       } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { /* u outside ulim (verifying that ulim is beyond c) */
   #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("mnbrak2  u outside ulim (verifying that ulim is beyond c)\n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak2 u outside ulim (verifying that ulim is beyond c)\n");
   #endif
       u=ulim;         u=ulim; 
       fu=(*func)(u);         fu=(*func)(u); 
     } else {       } else { /* u could be left to b (if r > q parabola has a maximum) */
   #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("mnbrak2  u could be left to b (if r > q parabola has a maximum)\n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak2  u could be left to b (if r > q parabola has a maximum)\n");
   #endif
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);         u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
       fu=(*func)(u);         fu=(*func)(u); 
     }       } /* end tests */
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)       SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
       }   #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("mnbrak2 (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu);
         fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak2 (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu);
   #endif
     } /* end while; ie return (a, b, c, fa, fb, fc) such that a < b < c with f(a) > f(b) and fb < f(c) */
 }   } 
   
 /*************** linmin ************************/  /*************** linmin ************************/
   /* Given an n -dimensional point p[1..n] and an n -dimensional direction xi[1..n] , moves and
   resets p to where the function func(p) takes on a minimum along the direction xi from p ,
   and replaces xi by the actual vector displacement that p was moved. Also returns as fret
   the value of func at the returned location p . This is actually all accomplished by calling the
   routines mnbrak and brent .*/
 int ncom;   int ncom; 
 double *pcom,*xicom;  double *pcom,*xicom;
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);   double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
Line 658  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int Line 1529  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int
   int j;     int j; 
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;     double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
   double fx,fb,fa;    double fx,fb,fa;
   
     double scale=10., axs, xxs, xxss; /* Scale added for infinity */
     
   ncom=n;     ncom=n; 
   pcom=vector(1,n);     pcom=vector(1,n); 
Line 667  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int Line 1540  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int
     pcom[j]=p[j];       pcom[j]=p[j]; 
     xicom[j]=xi[j];       xicom[j]=xi[j]; 
   }     } 
   ax=0.0;   
   xx=1.0;     axs=0.0;
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);     xxss=1; /* 1 and using scale */
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);     xxs=1;
     do{
       ax=0.;
       xx= xxs;
       mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  /* Outputs: xtx[j]=pcom[j]+(*xx)*xicom[j]; fx=f(xtx[j]) */
       /* brackets with inputs ax=0 and xx=1, but points, pcom=p, and directions values, xicom=xi, are sent via f1dim(x) */
       /* xt[x,j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]  f(ax) = f(xt(a,j=1,n)) = f(p(j) + 0 * xi(j)) and  f(xx) = f(xt(x, j=1,n)) = f(p(j) + 1 * xi(j))   */
       /* Outputs: fa=f(p(j)) and fx=f(p(j) + xxs * xi(j) ) and f(bx)= f(p(j)+ bx* xi(j)) */
       /* Given input ax=axs and xx=xxs, xx might be too far from ax to get a finite f(xx) */
       /* Searches on line, outputs (ax, xx, bx) such that fx < min(fa and fb) */
       /* Find a bracket a,x,b in direction n=xi ie xicom, order may change. Scale is [0:xxs*xi[j]] et non plus  [0:xi[j]]*/
       if (fx != fx){
           xxs=xxs/scale; /* Trying a smaller xx, closer to initial ax=0 */
           printf("\nLinmin NAN : input [axs=%lf:xxs=%lf], mnbrak outputs fx=%lf <(fb=%lf and fa=%lf) with xx=%lf in [ax=%lf:bx=%lf] \n",  axs, xxs, fx,fb, fa, xx, ax, bx);
       }
     }while(fx != fx);
   
     *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); /* Giving a bracketting triplet (ax, xx, bx), find a minimum, xmin, according to f1dim, *fret(xmin),*/
     /* fa = f(p[j] + ax * xi[j]), fx = f(p[j] + xx * xi[j]), fb = f(p[j] + bx * xi[j]) */
     /* fmin = f(p[j] + xmin * xi[j]) */
     /* P+lambda n in that direction (lambdamin), with TOL between abscisses */
     /* f1dim(xmin): for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+xmin*xicom[j]; */
 #ifdef DEBUG  #ifdef DEBUG
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
 #endif  #endif
     /* printf("linmin end "); */
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     xi[j] *= xmin;       /* printf(" before xi[%d]=%12.8f", j,xi[j]); */
     p[j] += xi[j];       xi[j] *= xmin; /* xi rescaled by xmin: if xmin=-1.237 and xi=(1,0,...,0) xi=(-1.237,0,...,0) */
       /* if(xxs <1.0) */
       /*   printf(" after xi[%d]=%12.8f, xmin=%12.8f, ax=%12.8f, xx=%12.8f, bx=%12.8f, xxs=%12.8f", j,xi[j], xmin, ax, xx, bx,xxs ); */
       p[j] += xi[j]; /* Parameters values are updated accordingly */
   }     } 
     /* printf("\n"); */
     /* printf("Comparing last *frec(xmin)=%12.8f from Brent and frec(0.)=%12.8f \n", *fret, (*func)(p)); */
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);     free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);     free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
 }   } 
   
   
 /*************** powell ************************/  /*************** powell ************************/
   /*
   Minimization of a function func of n variables. Input consists of an initial starting point
   p[1..n] ; an initial matrix xi[1..n][1..n] , whose columns contain the initial set of di-
   rections (usually the n unit vectors); and ftol , the fractional tolerance in the function value
   such that failure to decrease by more than this amount on one iteration signals doneness. On
   output, p is set to the best point found, xi is the then-current direction set, fret is the returned
   function value at p , and iter is the number of iterations taken. The routine linmin is used.
    */
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,   void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
             double (*func)(double []))               double (*func)(double [])) 
 {   { 
Line 691  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int Line 1600  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
               double (*func)(double []));                 double (*func)(double [])); 
   int i,ibig,j;     int i,ibig,j; 
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
     double directest;
   double fp,fptt;    double fp,fptt;
   double *xits;    double *xits;
     int niterf, itmp;
   
   pt=vector(1,n);     pt=vector(1,n); 
   ptt=vector(1,n);     ptt=vector(1,n); 
   xit=vector(1,n);     xit=vector(1,n); 
   xits=vector(1,n);     xits=vector(1,n); 
   *fret=(*func)(p);     *fret=(*func)(p); 
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
       rcurr_time = time(NULL);  
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {     for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
     fp=(*fret);       fp=(*fret); /* From former iteration or initial value */
     ibig=0;       ibig=0; 
     del=0.0;       del=0.0; 
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);      rlast_time=rcurr_time;
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);      /* (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
     fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f",*iter,*fret);      rcurr_time = time(NULL);  
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {      curr_time = *localtime(&rcurr_time);
       printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, rcurr_time-rlast_time, rcurr_time-rstart_time);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret,rcurr_time-rlast_time, rcurr_time-rstart_time); fflush(ficlog);
   /*     fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tm_sec-start_time.tm_sec); */
      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
       fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);        fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
       fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
     }      }
     printf("\n");      printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {       if(*iter <=3){
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];         tml = *localtime(&rcurr_time);
         strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tml));
         rforecast_time=rcurr_time; 
         itmp = strlen(strcurr);
         if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
           strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
         printf("\nConsidering the time needed for the last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
         fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
         for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
           rforecast_time=rcurr_time+(niterf-*iter)*(rcurr_time-rlast_time);
           forecast_time = *localtime(&rforecast_time);
           strcpy(strfor,asctime(&forecast_time));
           itmp = strlen(strfor);
           if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
           strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
           printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
           fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
         }
       }
       for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { /* For each direction i */
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; /* Directions stored from previous iteration with previous scales */
       fptt=(*fret);         fptt=(*fret); 
 #ifdef DEBUG  #ifdef DEBUG
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);            printf("fret=%lf, %lf, %lf \n", *fret, *fret, *fret);
       fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);            fprintf(ficlog, "fret=%lf, %lf, %lf \n", *fret, *fret, *fret);
 #endif  #endif
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);            printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout); /* print direction (parameter) i */
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {                                       /* Outputs are fret(new point p) p is updated and xit rescaled */
         if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { /* We are keeping the max gain on each of the n directions */
           /* because that direction will be replaced unless the gain del is small */
           /* in comparison with the 'probable' gain, mu^2, with the last average direction. */
           /* Unless the n directions are conjugate some gain in the determinant may be obtained */
           /* with the new direction. */
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));           del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
         ibig=i;           ibig=i; 
       }         } 
Line 737  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int Line 1679  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);          fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
       }        }
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);          printf(" p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
         fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);          fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
       }        }
       printf("\n");        printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 #endif  #endif
     }       } /* end loop on each direction i */
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {      /* Convergence test will use last linmin estimation (fret) and compare former iteration (fp) */ 
       /* But p and xit have been updated at the end of linmin, *fret corresponds to new p, xit  */
       /* New value of last point Pn is not computed, P(n-1) */
       if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) { /* Did we reach enough precision? */
         /* We could compare with a chi^2. chisquare(0.95,ddl=1)=3.84 */
         /* By adding age*age in a model, the new -2LL should be lower and the difference follows a */
         /* a chisquare statistics with 1 degree. To be significant at the 95% level, it should have */
         /* decreased of more than 3.84  */
         /* By adding age*age and V1*age the gain (-2LL) should be more than 5.99 (ddl=2) */
         /* By using V1+V2+V3, the gain should be  7.82, compared with basic 1+age. */
         /* By adding 10 parameters more the gain should be 18.31 */
   
         /* Starting the program with initial values given by a former maximization will simply change */
         /* the scales of the directions and the directions, because the are reset to canonical directions */
         /* Thus the first calls to linmin will give new points and better maximizations until fp-(*fret) is */
         /* under the tolerance value. If the tolerance is very small 1.e-9, it could last long.  */
 #ifdef DEBUG  #ifdef DEBUG
       int k[2],l;        int k[2],l;
       k[0]=1;        k[0]=1;
Line 776  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int Line 1733  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
       return;         return; 
     }       } 
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");       if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { /* Computes the extrapolated point P_0 + 2 (P_n-P_0) */
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];         ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];         xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
       pt[j]=p[j];         pt[j]=p[j]; 
     }       } 
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);       fptt=(*func)(ptt); /* f_3 */
     if (fptt < fp) {       if (fptt < fp) { /* If extrapolated point is better, decide if we keep that new direction or not */
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);         /* (x1 f1=fp), (x2 f2=*fret), (x3 f3=fptt), (xm fm) */
       if (t < 0.0) {         /* From x1 (P0) distance of x2 is at h and x3 is 2h */
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);         /* Let f"(x2) be the 2nd derivative equal everywhere.  */
         /* Then the parabolic through (x1,f1), (x2,f2) and (x3,f3) */
         /* will reach at f3 = fm + h^2/2 f"m  ; f" = (f1 -2f2 +f3 ) / h**2 */
         /* Conditional for using this new direction is that mu^2 = (f1-2f2+f3)^2 /2 < del */
         /* t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); */
   #ifdef NRCORIGINAL
         t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)- del*SQR(fp-fptt); /* Original Numerical Recipes in C*/
   #else
         t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del); /* Intel compiler doesn't work on one line; bug reported */
         t= t- del*SQR(fp-fptt);
   #endif
         directest = fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt - 2.0 * del; /* If del was big enough we change it for a new direction */
   #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("t1= %.12lf, t2= %.12lf, t=%.12lf  directest=%.12lf\n", 2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),del*SQR(fp-fptt),t,directest);
         fprintf(ficlog,"t1= %.12lf, t2= %.12lf, t=%.12lf directest=%.12lf\n", 2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),del*SQR(fp-fptt),t,directest);
         printf("t3= %.12lf, t4= %.12lf, t3*= %.12lf, t4*= %.12lf\n",SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),SQR(fp-fptt),
                (fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del),(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt));
         fprintf(ficlog,"t3= %.12lf, t4= %.12lf, t3*= %.12lf, t4*= %.12lf\n",SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),SQR(fp-fptt),
                (fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del),(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt));
         printf("tt= %.12lf, t=%.12lf\n",2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*(fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt),t);
         fprintf(ficlog, "tt= %.12lf, t=%.12lf\n",2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*(fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt),t);
   #endif
   #ifdef POWELLORIGINAL
         if (t < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
   #else
         if (directest*t < 0.0) { /* Contradiction between both tests */
         printf("directest= %.12lf, t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt,del);
         printf("f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
         fprintf(ficlog,"directest= %.12lf, t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt, del);
         fprintf(ficlog,"f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
       } 
         if (directest < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
   #endif
           linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {           for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];             xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; /* Replace direction with biggest decrease by last direction n */
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];             xi[j][n]=xit[j];      /* and this nth direction by the by the average p_0 p_n */
         }          }
           printf("Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
   
 #ifdef DEBUG  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);          fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
Line 800  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int Line 1793  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
         printf("\n");          printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
 #endif  #endif
       }        } /* end of t negative */
     }       } /* end if (fptt < fp)  */
   }     } 
 }   } 
   
 /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/  /**** Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
   
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
 {  {
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
     
   int i, ii,j,k;    int i, ii,j,k;
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;    double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
   double **matprod2();    /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **pmij();
   double **newm;    double **newm;
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */    double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */
     
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     }      }
     
    cov[1]=1.;    cov[1]=1.;
      
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
     newm=savm;      newm=savm;
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
      cov[2]=agefin;      cov[2]=agefin;
         if(nagesqr==1)
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {        cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/        cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
       }        /*printf("prevalim ij=%d k=%d Tvar[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[%d][Tvar[%d]]=%d \n",ij,k, k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], ij, k, codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];      }
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)      /*wrong? for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];      for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]]*cov[2];
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /* Useless */
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/        cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/      
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/      /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
       /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
       /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
       out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /* Bug Valgrind */
       
     savm=oldm;      savm=oldm;
     oldm=newm;      oldm=newm;
     maxmax=0.;      maxmax=0.;
Line 855  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl Line 1852  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
         sumnew=0;          sumnew=0;
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];          for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
           /*printf(" prevalim i=%d, j=%d, prmlim[%d][%d]=%f, agefin=%d \n", i, j, i, j, prlim[i][j],(int)agefin);*/
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);          max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);          min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);
       }        }
       maxmin=max-min;        maxmin=max-min;
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);
     }      } /* j loop */
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
       return prlim;        return prlim;
     }      }
   }    } /* age loop */
     return prlim; /* should not reach here */
 }  }
   
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/   /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
 {  {
   double s1, s2;    /* According to parameters values stored in x and the covariate's values stored in cov,
        computes the probability to be observed in state j being in state i by appying the
        model to the ncovmodel covariates (including constant and age).
        lnpijopii=ln(pij/pii)= aij+bij*age+cij*v1+dij*v2+... = sum_nc=1^ncovmodel xij(nc)*cov[nc]
        and, according on how parameters are entered, the position of the coefficient xij(nc) of the
        ncth covariate in the global vector x is given by the formula:
        j<i nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel
        j>=i nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel
        Computes ln(pij/pii) (lnpijopii), deduces pij/pii by exponentiation,
        sums on j different of i to get 1-pii/pii, deduces pii, and then all pij.
        Outputs ps[i][j] the probability to be observed in j being in j according to
        the values of the covariates cov[nc] and corresponding parameter values x[nc+shiftij]
     */
     double s1, lnpijopii;
   /*double t34;*/    /*double t34;*/
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;    int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
   
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){        for(j=1; j<i;j++){
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){          for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/            /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];            lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
       }          }
       ps[i][j]=s2;          ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/  /*      printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
     }        }
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){          for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];            /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/            lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       }  /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
       ps[i][j]=s2;          }
     }          ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
   }        }
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/  
   
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){  
      s1=0;  
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)  
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);  
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)  
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);  
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);  
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)  
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];  
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)  
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];  
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */  
   } /* end i */  
   
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){  
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
       ps[ii][jj]=0;  
       ps[ii][ii]=1;  
     }      }
   }      
       for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
         s1=0;
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){        for(j=1; j<i; j++){
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){          s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);          /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
    }        }
     printf("\n ");        for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
           /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
         }
         /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
         ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
         /* Computing other pijs */
         for(j=1; j<i; j++)
           ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
         for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
           ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
         /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
       } /* end i */
       
       for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
         for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           ps[ii][jj]=0;
           ps[ii][ii]=1;
         }
     }      }
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/      
 /*      
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);      /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
   goto end;*/      /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
       /*  printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
       /*   } */
       /*   printf("\n "); */
       /* } */
       /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
       /*
         for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
         goto end;*/
     return ps;      return ps;
 }  }
   
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/  /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,int nrl, int nrh, int ncl, int nch, int ncolol, int ncoloh, double **b)
 {  {
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized     /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
   long i, j, k;    int i, j, k;
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)    for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++){
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)        out[i][k]=0.;
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];        for(j=ncl; j<=nch; j++)
           out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
       }
   return out;    return out;
 }  }
   
Line 966  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep Line 1985  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
      */       */
   
   int i, j, d, h, k;    int i, j, d, h, k;
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
   double **newm;    double **newm;
     double agexact;
   
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
Line 981  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep Line 2001  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
       newm=savm;        newm=savm;
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
       cov[1]=1.;        cov[1]=1.;
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;        agexact=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];        cov[2]=agexact;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)        if(nagesqr==1)
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];          cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) 
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];          cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) /* Should start at cptcovn+1 */
           /* cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
           cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtab[ij][Tvar[Tage[k]]]]*cov[2];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /* Useless because included in cptcovn */
           cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
   
   
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/        /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
Line 999  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep Line 2024  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];          po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);          /*if(h==nhstepm) printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);*/
          */  
       }        }
       /*printf("h=%d ",h);*/
   } /* end h */    } /* end h */
   /*     printf("\n H=%d \n",h); */
   return po;    return po;
 }  }
   
   #ifdef NLOPT
     double  myfunc(unsigned n, const double *p1, double *grad, void *pd){
     double fret;
     double *xt;
     int j;
     myfunc_data *d2 = (myfunc_data *) pd;
   /* xt = (p1-1); */
     xt=vector(1,n); 
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)   xt[j]=p1[j-1]; /* xt[1]=p1[0] */
   
     fret=(d2->function)(xt); /*  p xt[1]@8 is fine */
     /* fret=(*func)(xt); /\*  p xt[1]@8 is fine *\/ */
     printf("Function = %.12lf ",fret);
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) printf(" %d %.8lf", j, xt[j]); 
     printf("\n");
    free_vector(xt,1,n);
     return fret;
   }
   #endif
   
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
 double func( double *x)  double func( double *x)
 {  {
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
   double **out;    double **out;
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
   int s1, s2;    int s1, s2;
   double bbh, survp;    double bbh, survp;
   long ipmx;    long ipmx;
     double agexact;
   /*extern weight */    /*extern weight */
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)     /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
   */    */
   
     ++countcallfunc;
   
   cov[1]=1.;    cov[1]=1.;
   
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
   
   if(mle==1){    if(mle==1){
     for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];        /* Computes the values of the ncovmodel covariates of the model
            depending if the covariates are fixed or variying (age dependent) and stores them in cov[]
            Then computes with function pmij which return a matrix p[i][j] giving the elementary probability
            to be observed in j being in i according to the model.
          */
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++){ /* Simple and product covariates without age* products */
             cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         }
         /* In model V2+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2 Tvar[1] is V2, Tvar[2=V1*V4] 
            is 6, Tvar[3=age*V3] should not be computed because of age Tvar[4=V3*V2] 
            has been calculated etc */
       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
Line 1039  double func( double *x) Line 2098  double func( double *x)
           }            }
         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
           newm=savm;            newm=savm;
           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             cov[2]=agexact;
             if(nagesqr==1)
               cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact; /* Tage[kk] gives the data-covariate associated with age */
           }            }
           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                        1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
Line 1050  double func( double *x) Line 2112  double func( double *x)
         } /* end mult */          } /* end mult */
               
         /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */          /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
         /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
          * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay            * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
          * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to            * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
          * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now           * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
          * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
          * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. Then we inter(extra)polate the
          * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
          * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies           * from savm to out if bh is negative or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
          * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .           * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
          * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.           * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
          * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions.            * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
Line 1065  double func( double *x) Line 2127  double func( double *x)
         s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm;           bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
         /* bias is positive if real duration          /* bias bh is positive if real duration
          * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
          */           */
         /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
         if( s2 > nlstate){           if( s2 > nlstate){ 
           /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known then the contribution            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known 
              to the likelihood is the probability to die between last step unit time and current                then the contribution to the likelihood is the probability to 
              step unit time, which is also the differences between probability to die before dh                die between last step unit time and current  step unit time, 
              and probability to die before dh-stepm .                which is also equal to probability to die before dh 
                minus probability to die before dh-stepm . 
              In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
         as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other          as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
         health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state          health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
Line 1092  double func( double *x) Line 2155  double func( double *x)
         which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%          which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
         lower mortality.          lower mortality.
           */            */
           lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);          /* If, at the beginning of the maximization mostly, the
         }else{             cumulative probability or probability to be dead is
              constant (ie = 1) over time d, the difference is equal to
              0.  out[s1][3] = savm[s1][3]: probability, being at state
              s1 at precedent wave, to be dead a month before current
              wave is equal to probability, being at state s1 at
              precedent wave, to be dead at mont of the current
              wave. Then the observed probability (that this person died)
              is null according to current estimated parameter. In fact,
              it should be very low but not zero otherwise the log go to
              infinity.
           */
   /* #ifdef INFINITYORIGINAL */
   /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
   /* #else */
   /*        if ((out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]) < mytinydouble)  */
   /*          lli=log(mytinydouble); */
   /*        else */
   /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
   /* #endif */
               lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   
           } else if  (s2==-2) {
             for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
               survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
             /*survp += out[s1][j]; */
             lli= log(survp);
           }
           
           else if  (s2==-4) { 
             for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)  
               survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
             lli= log(survp); 
           } 
   
           else if  (s2==-5) { 
             for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)  
               survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
             lli= log(survp); 
           } 
           
           else{
           lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
           /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */            /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
         }           } 
Line 1103  double func( double *x) Line 2206  double func( double *x)
         ipmx +=1;          ipmx +=1;
         sw += weight[i];          sw += weight[i];
         ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           /* if (lli < log(mytinydouble)){ */
           /*   printf("Close to inf lli = %.10lf <  %.10lf i= %d mi= %d, s[%d][i]=%d s1=%d s2=%d\n", lli,log(mytinydouble), i, mi,mw[mi][i], s[mw[mi][i]][i], s1,s2); */
           /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Close to inf lli = %.10lf i= %d mi= %d, s[mw[mi][i]][i]=%d\n", lli, i, mi,s[mw[mi][i]][i]); */
           /* } */
       } /* end of wave */        } /* end of wave */
     } /* end of individual */      } /* end of individual */
   }  else if(mle==2){    }  else if(mle==2){
     for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
Line 1116  double func( double *x) Line 2223  double func( double *x)
           }            }
         for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
           newm=savm;            newm=savm;
           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             cov[2]=agexact;
             if(nagesqr==1)
               cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
           }            }
           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                        1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
Line 1126  double func( double *x) Line 2236  double func( double *x)
           oldm=newm;            oldm=newm;
         } /* end mult */          } /* end mult */
               
         /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */  
         /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.  
          * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay   
          * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to   
          * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now  
          * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product  
          * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the  
          * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way  
          * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies  
          * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .  
          * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.  
          * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions.   
          */  
         s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm;           bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
         /* bias is positive if real duration  
          * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.  
          */  
         lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
         /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/  
         /*lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.-+bh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* exponential interpolation */  
         /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/  
         /*if(lli ==000.0)*/  
         /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */  
         ipmx +=1;          ipmx +=1;
         sw += weight[i];          sw += weight[i];
         ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
Line 1158  double func( double *x) Line 2247  double func( double *x)
     } /* end of individual */      } /* end of individual */
   }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
     for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
Line 1167  double func( double *x) Line 2256  double func( double *x)
           }            }
         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
           newm=savm;            newm=savm;
           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             cov[2]=agexact;
             if(nagesqr==1)
               cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
           }            }
           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                        1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
Line 1177  double func( double *x) Line 2269  double func( double *x)
           oldm=newm;            oldm=newm;
         } /* end mult */          } /* end mult */
               
         /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */  
         /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias and large stepm.  
          * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay   
          * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to   
          * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now  
          * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product  
          * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. The we inter(extra)polate the  
          * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way  
          * from savm to out if bh is neagtive or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies  
          * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .  
          * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.  
          * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions.   
          */  
         s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
         s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm;           bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
         /* bias is positive if real duration  
          * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.  
          */  
         /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); */ /* linear interpolation */  
         lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
         /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/  
         /*if(lli ==000.0)*/  
         /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */  
         ipmx +=1;          ipmx +=1;
         sw += weight[i];          sw += weight[i];
         ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
Line 1208  double func( double *x) Line 2280  double func( double *x)
     } /* end of individual */      } /* end of individual */
   }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
     for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
Line 1217  double func( double *x) Line 2289  double func( double *x)
           }            }
         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
           newm=savm;            newm=savm;
           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             cov[2]=agexact;
             if(nagesqr==1)
               cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
           }            }
                   
           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
Line 1243  double func( double *x) Line 2318  double func( double *x)
     } /* end of individual */      } /* end of individual */
   }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */    }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
     for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
Line 1252  double func( double *x) Line 2327  double func( double *x)
           }            }
         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
           newm=savm;            newm=savm;
           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
             cov[2]=agexact;
             if(nagesqr==1)
               cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
           }            }
                   
           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
Line 1282  double func( double *x) Line 2360  double func( double *x)
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
 double funcone( double *x)  double funcone( double *x)
 {  {
     /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
   double **out;    double **out;
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
     double llt;
   int s1, s2;    int s1, s2;
   double bbh, survp;    double bbh, survp;
     double agexact;
   /*extern weight */    /*extern weight */
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
Line 1299  double funcone( double *x) Line 2380  double funcone( double *x)
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
   
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){          for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
Line 1308  double funcone( double *x) Line 2389  double funcone( double *x)
         }          }
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
         newm=savm;          newm=savm;
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;          agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
           cov[2]=agexact;
           if(nagesqr==1)
             cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {          for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];            cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
         }          }
   
           /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,          out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));                       1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, */
           /*           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate)); */
         savm=oldm;          savm=oldm;
         oldm=newm;          oldm=newm;
       } /* end mult */        } /* end mult */
Line 1326  double funcone( double *x) Line 2414  double funcone( double *x)
        */         */
       if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */        if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
         lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
       } else if (mle==1){        } else if  (s2==-2) {
           for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
             survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
           lli= log(survp);
         }else if (mle==1){
         lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
       } else if(mle==2){        } else if(mle==2){
         lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
Line 1334  double funcone( double *x) Line 2426  double funcone( double *x)
         lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
       } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
         lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */          lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
       } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */        } else{  /* mle=0 back to 1 */
         lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */          lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
           /*lli=log(out[s1][s2]); */ /* Original formula */
       } /* End of if */        } /* End of if */
       ipmx +=1;        ipmx +=1;
       sw += weight[i];        sw += weight[i];
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
 /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */        /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
       if(globpr){        if(globpr){
         fprintf(ficresilk,"%6d %1d %1d %1d %1d %3d %10.6f %6.4f %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f ", \          fprintf(ficresilk,"%9ld %6d %2d %2d %1d %1d %3d %11.6f %8.4f\
                 i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);   %11.6f %11.6f %11.6f ", \
         for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++)                   num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
           fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",ll[k]);                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
         fprintf(ficresilk,"\n");          for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
             llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
             fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
           }
           fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
       }        }
     } /* end of wave */      } /* end of wave */
   } /* end of individual */    } /* end of individual */
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
     if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
       gipmx=ipmx;
       gsw=sw;
     }
   return -l;    return -l;
 }  }
   
   
 void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpr, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))  /*************** function likelione ***********/
   void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
 {  {
   /* This routine should help understanding what is done with the selection of individuals/waves and    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
        the selection of individuals/waves and
      to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.       to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
      Plotting could be done.       Plotting could be done.
    */     */
   int k;    int k;
   if(globpr !=0){ /* Just counts and sums no printings */  
     if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
     strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk");       strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk"); 
     strcat(fileresilk,fileres);      strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
     if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
     }      }
     fprintf(ficresilk, "# individual(line's record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_product_matrix pij weight 2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state");      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
     fprintf(ficresilk, "# i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight out sav ");      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight 2wlli out sav ");
     /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */      /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
     for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++)       for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
       fprintf(ficresilk," ll[%d]",k);        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
     fprintf(ficresilk,"\n");      fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
   }    }
   
   *fretone=(*funcone)(p);    *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
   if(globpr !=0)    if(*globpri !=0){
     fclose(ficresilk);      fclose(ficresilk);
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
       fflush(fichtm); 
     } 
   return;    return;
 }  }
   
   
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
   
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
 {  {
   int i,j, iter;    int i,j, iter=0;
   double **xi;    double **xi;
   double fret;    double fret;
   double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
   char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];    /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
   
   #ifdef NLOPT
     int creturn;
     nlopt_opt opt;
     /* double lb[9] = { -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL }; /\* lower bounds *\/ */
     double *lb;
     double minf; /* the minimum objective value, upon return */
     double * p1; /* Shifted parameters from 0 instead of 1 */
     myfunc_data dinst, *d = &dinst;
   #endif
   
   
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
Line 1410  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], in Line 2530  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], in
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
       if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
   fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   #ifdef POWELL
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
   #endif
   
   #ifdef NLOPT
   #ifdef NEWUOA
     opt = nlopt_create(NLOPT_LN_NEWUOA,npar);
   #else
     opt = nlopt_create(NLOPT_LN_BOBYQA,npar);
   #endif
     lb=vector(0,npar-1);
     for (i=0;i<npar;i++) lb[i]= -HUGE_VAL;
     nlopt_set_lower_bounds(opt, lb);
     nlopt_set_initial_step1(opt, 0.1);
     
     p1= (p+1); /*  p *(p+1)@8 and p *(p1)@8 are equal p1[0]=p[1] */
     d->function = func;
     printf(" Func %.12lf \n",myfunc(npar,p1,NULL,d));
     nlopt_set_min_objective(opt, myfunc, d);
     nlopt_set_xtol_rel(opt, ftol);
     if ((creturn=nlopt_optimize(opt, p1, &minf)) < 0) {
       printf("nlopt failed! %d\n",creturn); 
     }
     else {
       printf("found minimum after %d evaluations (NLOPT=%d)\n", countcallfunc ,NLOPT);
       printf("found minimum at f(%g,%g) = %0.10g\n", p[0], p[1], minf);
       iter=1; /* not equal */
     }
     nlopt_destroy(opt);
   #endif
     free_matrix(xi,1,npar,1,npar);
   fclose(ficrespow);    fclose(ficrespow);
   printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));    printf("#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));    fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   
 }  }
   
Line 1425  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[] Line 2573  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
 {  {
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
   double **hess;    double **hess;
   int i, j,jk;    int i, j;
   int *indx;    int *indx;
   
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);    double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
     double gompertz(double p[]);
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
Line 1440  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[] Line 2588  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);      fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);     
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/       hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/      
       /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
           printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
   }    }
       
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
Line 1450  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[] Line 2600  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
       if (j>i) {         if (j>i) { 
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);          fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);          hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j,func,npar);
           
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];              hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/          /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
       }        }
Line 1521  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[] Line 2672  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
 }  }
   
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])  double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
 {  {
   int i;    int i;
   int l=1, lmax=20;    int l=1, lmax=20;
   double k1,k2;    double k1,k2;
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];    double p2[MAXPARM+1]; /* identical to x */
   double res;    double res;
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;    double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
   double fx;    double fx;
   int k=0,kmax=10;    int k=0,kmax=10;
   double l1;    double l1;
   
   fx=func(x);    fx=func(x);
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  /* Enlarging the zone around the Maximum */
     l1=pow(10,l);      l1=pow(10,l);
     delts=delt;      delts=delt;
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
       delt = delta*(l1*k);        delt = delta*(l1*k);
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
       k1=func(p2)-fx;        k1=func(p2)-fx;   /* Might be negative if too close to the theoretical maximum */
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
       k2=func(p2)-fx;        k2=func(p2)-fx;
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */        /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */
               
 #ifdef DEBUG  #ifdef DEBUGHESS
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
 #endif  #endif
Line 1556  double hessii( double x[], double delta, Line 2707  double hessii( double x[], double delta,
         k=kmax;          k=kmax;
       }        }
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;          k=kmax; l=lmax*10;
       }        }
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){         else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
         delts=delt;          delts=delt;
Line 1568  double hessii( double x[], double delta, Line 2719  double hessii( double x[], double delta,
       
 }  }
   
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)  double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
 {  {
   int i;    int i;
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;    int l=1, lmax=20;
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;    double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];    double p2[MAXPARM+1];
   int k;    int k;
   
   fx=func(x);    fx=func(x);
Line 1677  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx Line 2828  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx
   }     } 
 }   } 
   
   void pstamp(FILE *fichier)
   {
     fprintf(fichier,"# %s.%s\n#%s\n#%s\n# %s", optionfilefiname,optionfilext,version,fullversion,strstart);
   }
   
 /************ Frequencies ********************/  /************ Frequencies ********************/
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint)  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[])
 {  /* Some frequencies */  {  /* Some frequencies */
       
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j;
   int first;    int first;
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
   double *pp, **prop;    double *pp, **prop;
   double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;    double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
   FILE *ficresp;  
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
       
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
Line 1698  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia Line 2853  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
     exit(0);      exit(0);
   }    }
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);    freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
   j1=0;    j1=0;
       
   j=cptcoveff;    j=cptcoveff;
Line 1706  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia Line 2861  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia
   
   first=1;    first=1;
   
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){    /* for(k1=1; k1<=j ; k1++){ */  /* Loop on covariates */
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    /*  for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */ /* Now it is 2 */
       j1++;    /*    j1++; */
     for (j1 = 1; j1 <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); j1++){
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);        /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
         scanf("%d", i);*/          scanf("%d", i);*/
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)          for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)            for (jk=-5; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
           for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)            for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;              freq[i][jk][m]=0;
         
     for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)          for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
       for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
         prop[i][m]=0;            prop[i][m]=0;
               
       dateintsum=0;        dateintsum=0;
       k2cpt=0;        k2cpt=0;
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {        for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         bool=1;          bool=1;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {          if  (cptcovn>0) { /* Filter is here: Must be looked at for model=V1+V2+V3+V4 */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)             for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)       
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])               if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]){
               bool=0;                  /* Tests if the value of each of the covariates of i is equal to filter j1 */
                 bool=0;
                 /* printf("bool=%d i=%d, z1=%d, Tvaraff[%d]=%d, covar[Tvarff][%d]=%2f, codtab[%d][%d]=%d, nbcode[Tvaraff][codtab[%d][%d]=%d, j1=%d\n", 
                   bool,i,z1, z1, Tvaraff[z1],i,covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i],j1,z1,codtab[j1][z1],
                   j1,z1,nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]],j1);*/
                 /* For j1=7 in V1+V2+V3+V4 = 0 1 1 0 and codtab[7][3]=1 and nbcde[3][?]=1*/
               } 
         }          }
    
         if (bool==1){          if (bool==1){
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){            for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);              k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
Line 1748  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia Line 2911  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia
               /*}*/                /*}*/
           }            }
         }          }
       }        } /* end i */
                 
       /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/        /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
         pstamp(ficresp);
       if  (cptcovn>0) {        if  (cptcovn>0) {
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");           fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");          fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
           fprintf(ficlog, "\n#********** Variable "); 
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficlog, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
           fprintf(ficlog, "**********\n#");
       }        }
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) 
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);          fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
Line 1780  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia Line 2946  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];              pos += freq[jk][m][i];
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){            if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
             if(first==1){              if(first==1){
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);                printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
             }              }
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);              fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
           }else{            }else{
Line 1832  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia Line 2998  void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int ia
           printf("Others in log...\n");            printf("Others in log...\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       }        }
     }        /*}*/
   }    }
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;     dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
     
   fclose(ficresp);    fclose(ficresp);
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);    free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
   free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);    free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
   /* End of Freq */    /* End of Freq */
Line 1851  void prevalence(double ***probs, double Line 3017  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
      We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.       We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
   */    */
     
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;    int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j;
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  
   double *pp, **prop;    double **prop;
   double pos,posprop;     double posprop; 
   double  y2; /* in fractional years */    double  y2; /* in fractional years */
   int iagemin, iagemax;    int iagemin, iagemax;
     int first; /** to stop verbosity which is redirected to log file */
   
   iagemin= (int) agemin;    iagemin= (int) agemin;
   iagemax= (int) agemax;    iagemax= (int) agemax;
Line 1865  void prevalence(double ***probs, double Line 3032  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
   /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/    /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
   j1=0;    j1=0;
       
   j=cptcoveff;    /*j=cptcoveff;*/
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
       
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){    first=1;
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    for(j1=1; j1<= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);j1++){
       j1++;      /*for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
         j1++;*/
               
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)          for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
         for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)          for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
Line 1900  void prevalence(double ***probs, double Line 3068  void prevalence(double ***probs, double
         }          }
       }        }
       for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){          for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
           
         for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) {           for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
           posprop += prop[jk][i];             posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
         }           } 
           
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){               for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){     
           if( i <=  iagemax){             if( i <=  iagemax){ 
             if(posprop>=1.e-5){               if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
               probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;                probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
             }               } else{
                 if(first==1){
                   first=0;
                   printf("Warning Observed prevalence probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases\nSee others on log file...\n",jk,i,j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
                 }
               }
           }             } 
         }/* end jk */           }/* end jk */ 
       }/* end i */         }/* end i */ 
     } /* end i1 */      /*} *//* end i1 */
   } /* end k1 */    } /* end j1 */
       
   /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/    /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
   /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/    /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
Line 1939  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int Line 3111  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;    int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
   double sum=0.;    double sum=0.;
   first=0;    first=0;
   jmin=1e+5;    jmin=100000;
   jmax=-1;    jmax=-1;
   jmean=0.;    jmean=0.;
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     mi=0;      mi=0;
     m=firstpass;      m=firstpass;
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
       if(s[m][i]>=1)        if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5)
         mw[++mi][i]=m;          mw[++mi][i]=m;
       if(m >=lastpass)        if(m >=lastpass)
         break;          break;
Line 1962  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int Line 3134  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
   
     wav[i]=mi;      wav[i]=mi;
     if(mi==0){      if(mi==0){
         nbwarn++;
       if(first==0){        if(first==0){
         printf("Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);          printf("Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
         first=1;          first=1;
       }        }
       if(first==1){        if(first==1){
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);          fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
       }        }
     } /* end mi==0 */      } /* end mi==0 */
   } /* End individuals */    } /* End individuals */
Line 1982  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int Line 3155  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
             j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);               j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
             if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */              if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
             else if(j<0){              else if(j<0){
                 nberr++;
               printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);                printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
               j=1; /* Careful Patch */                j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
               printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fixe the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);                printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
               printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);                fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview.\n  You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);                fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
             }              }
             k=k+1;              k=k+1;
             if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;              if (j >= jmax){
             if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;                jmax=j;
                 ijmax=i;
               }
               if (j <= jmin){
                 jmin=j;
                 ijmin=i;
               }
             sum=sum+j;              sum=sum+j;
             /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/              /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
             /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/              /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
Line 1998  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int Line 3178  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
         }          }
         else{          else{
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
           /*      printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/  /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
   
           k=k+1;            k=k+1;
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;            if (j >= jmax) {
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;              jmax=j;
               ijmax=i;
             }
             else if (j <= jmin){
               jmin=j;
               ijmin=i;
             }
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */            /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
           /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/            /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
           if(j<0){            if(j<0){
               nberr++;
             printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);              printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);              fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
           }            }
Line 2018  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int Line 3206  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
             dh[mi][i]=jk;              dh[mi][i]=jk;
             bh[mi][i]=0;              bh[mi][i]=0;
           }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie            }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
                   * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */                    * to avoid the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
             dh[mi][i]=jk+1;              dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
             bh[mi][i]=ju;              bh[mi][i]=ju;
           }            }
Line 2043  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int Line 3231  void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int
     } /* end wave */      } /* end wave */
   }    }
   jmean=sum/k;    jmean=sum/k;
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, num[ijmin], jmax, num[ijmax], jmean);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %d) Max=%d (%d) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, ijmin, jmax, ijmax, jmean);
  }   }
   
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/  /*********** Tricode ****************************/
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)  void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx, int *Ndum)
 {  {
       /**< Uses cptcovn+2*cptcovprod as the number of covariates */
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;    /*      Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  find 'n' in Vn and stores in Tvar. If model=V2+V1 Tvar[1]=2 and Tvar[2]=1 
   int cptcode=0;     * Boring subroutine which should only output nbcode[Tvar[j]][k]
      * Tvar[5] in V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is 2 (V2)
      * nbcode[Tvar[j]][1]= 
     */
   
     int ij=1, k=0, j=0, i=0, maxncov=NCOVMAX;
     int modmaxcovj=0; /* Modality max of covariates j */
     int cptcode=0; /* Modality max of covariates j */
     int modmincovj=0; /* Modality min of covariates j */
   
   
   cptcoveff=0;     cptcoveff=0; 
     
   for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    for (k=-1; k < maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;    for (k=1; k <= maxncov; k++) ncodemax[k]=0; /* Horrible constant again replaced by NCOVMAX */
   
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {    /* Loop on covariates without age and products */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum     for (j=1; j<=(cptcovs); j++) { /* From model V1 + V2*age+ V3 + V3*V4 keeps V1 + V3 = 2 only */
                                modality*/       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Loop on individuals: reads the data file to get the maximum value of the 
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/                                 modality of this covariate Vj*/ 
       Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */        ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij=0 or 1 or -1. Value of the covariate Tvar[j] for individual i
                                       * If product of Vn*Vm, still boolean *:
                                       * If it was coded 1, 2, 3, 4 should be splitted into 3 boolean variables
                                       * 1 => 0 0 0, 2 => 0 0 1, 3 => 0 1 1, 4=1 0 0   */
         /* Finds for covariate j, n=Tvar[j] of Vn . ij is the
                                         modality of the nth covariate of individual i. */
         if (ij > modmaxcovj)
           modmaxcovj=ij; 
         else if (ij < modmincovj) 
           modmincovj=ij; 
         if ((ij < -1) && (ij > NCOVMAX)){
           printf( "Error: minimal is less than -1 or maximal is bigger than %d. Exiting. \n", NCOVMAX );
           exit(1);
         }else
         Ndum[ij]++; /*counts and stores the occurence of this modality 0, 1, -1*/
         /*  If coded 1, 2, 3 , counts the number of 1 Ndum[1], number of 2, Ndum[2], etc */
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/        /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable         /* getting the maximum value of the modality of the covariate
                                        Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and            (should be 0 or 1 now) Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is coded 0 and
                                        female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/           female is 1, then modmaxcovj=1.*/
     }      } /* end for loop on individuals */
       printf(" Minimal and maximal values of %d th covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", j, Tvar[j], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {      cptcode=modmaxcovj;
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */      /* Ndum[0] = frequency of 0 for model-covariate j, Ndum[1] frequency of 1 etc. */
     }     /*for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {*/
       for (i=modmincovj;  i<=modmaxcovj; i++) { /* i=-1 ? 0 and 1*//* For each value of the modality of model-cov j */
     ij=1;         printf("Frequencies of covariates %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", j, Tvar[j], i, Ndum[i]);
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {        if( Ndum[i] != 0 ){ /* Counts if nobody answered, empty modality */
       for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {          ncodemax[j]++;  /* ncodemax[j]= Number of non-null modalities of the j th covariate. */
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {        }
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;         /* In fact  ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables only) but it could be more for
           /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */           historical reasons: 3 if coded 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Ndum[2]=0 */
                 } /* Ndum[-1] number of undefined modalities */
   
       /* j is a covariate, n=Tvar[j] of Vn; Fills nbcode */
       /* For covariate j, modalities could be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. 
          If Ndum[1]=0, Ndum[2]=0, Ndum[3]= 635, Ndum[4]=0, Ndum[5]=0, Ndum[6]=27, Ndum[7]=125;
          modmincovj=3; modmaxcovj = 7;
          There are only 3 modalities non empty 3, 6, 7 (or 2 if 27 is too few) : ncodemax[j]=3;
          which will be coded 0, 1, 2 which in binary on 2=3-1 digits are 0=00 1=01, 2=10;
          defining two dummy variables: variables V1_1 and V1_2.
          nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;
          nbcode[Tvar[j]][1]=0;
          nbcode[Tvar[j]][2]=1;
          nbcode[Tvar[j]][3]=2;
       */
       ij=1; /* ij is similar to i but can jumps over null modalities */
       for (i=modmincovj; i<=modmaxcovj; i++) { /* i= 1 to 2 for dichotomous, or from 1 to 3 */
         for (k=0; k<= cptcode; k++) { /* k=-1 ? k=0 to 1 *//* Could be 1 to 4 */
           /*recode from 0 */
           if (Ndum[k] != 0) { /* If at least one individual responded to this modality k */
             nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;  /* stores the modality k in an array nbcode. 
                                        k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex 
                                        then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
           ij++;            ij++;
         }          }
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;           if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break; 
       }          }  /* end of loop on */
     }       } /* end of loop on modality */ 
   }      } /* end of loop on model-covariate j. nbcode[Tvarj][1]=0 and nbcode[Tvarj][2]=1 sets the value of covariate j*/  
     
  for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;   for (k=-1; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0; 
     
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {     for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2-nagesqr; i++) { /* -2, cste and age and eventually age*age */ 
    /* Listing of all covariables in staement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/     /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/ 
    ij=Tvar[i];     ij=Tvar[i]; /* Tvar might be -1 if status was unknown */ 
    Ndum[ij]++;     Ndum[ij]++; /* Might be supersed V1 + V1*age */
  }   } 
   
  ij=1;   ij=1;
  for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {   for (i=0; i<=  maxncov-1; i++) { /* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) */
      /*printf("Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){     if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
      Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */       /*printf("diff Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
        Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing (unclear) */
      ij++;       ij++;
    }     }else
          Tvaraff[ij]=0;
  }   }
     ij--;
  cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/   cptcoveff=ij; /*Number of total covariates*/
   
 }  }
   
   
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/  /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )  void evsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,char strstart[] )
   
 {  {
   /* Health expectancies */    /* Health expectancies, no variances */
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
   double age, agelim, hf;    double age, agelim, hf;
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;    double ***p3mat;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    double eip;
   double *xp;  
   double **gp, **gm;  
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;  
   int theta;  
   
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    pstamp(ficreseij);
   xp=vector(1,npar);    fprintf(ficreseij,"# (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age and (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age\n");
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);  
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);  
     
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");  
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);        fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d%1d ",i,j);
       }
       fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   
     
   if(estepm < stepm){    if(estepm < stepm){
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);      printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
   }    }
Line 2163  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij Line 3399  void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
   agelim=AGESUP;    agelim=AGESUP;
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    /* If stepm=6 months */
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */  
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);   
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */   
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/  
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */  
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);  
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);  
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);  
   
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);        
    /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */    /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */    nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){  
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){   
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
       }  
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    
     
       cptj=0;  
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){  
           cptj=cptj+1;  
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){  
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;  
           }  
         }  
       }  
        
        
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)   
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    
         
       cptj=0;  
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){  
           cptj=cptj+1;  
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){  
   
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;  
           }  
         }  
       }  
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)  
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){  
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];  
         }  
      }   
      
 /* End theta */  
   
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);  
   
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)  
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)  
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];  
        
   
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)      nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;      /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
   
      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);      /* If stepm=6 months */
      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){         in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){      
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      hpxij(p3mat,nhstepma,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij);  
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);      
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)      hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)      
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       }      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
     }      
     /* Computing expectancies */      /* Computing expectancies */
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){          for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;            eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
                       
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/            /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   
         }          }
   
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );      fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
     cptj=0;      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        eip=0;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         cptj++;          eip +=eij[i][j][(int)age];
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );          fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eij[i][j][(int)age] );
       }        }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eip );
       }
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
          
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);  
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);  
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);  
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);  
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
   }    }
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   printf("\n");    printf("\n");
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);  
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);  
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);  
 }  }
   
 /************ Variance ******************/  void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov,char strstart[] )
 void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav)  
 {  {
   /* Variance of health expectancies */    /* Covariances of health expectancies eij and of total life expectancies according
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/     to initial status i, ei. .
   /* double **newm;*/    */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2, ij, ji;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
     double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3matp, ***p3matm, ***varhe;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;    double *xp, *xm;
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;    double **gp, **gm;
   int k, cptcode;    double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
   double *xp;  
   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */  
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */  
   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */  
   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */  
   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */  
   double ***p3mat;  
   double age,agelim, hf;  
   double ***mobaverage;  
   int theta;    int theta;
   char digit[4];  
   char digitp[25];  
   
   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];    double eip, vip;
   
   if(popbased==1){    varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     if(mobilav!=0)    xp=vector(1,npar);
     xm=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     
     pstamp(ficresstdeij);
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Health expectancies with standard errors\n");
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d%1d (SE)",i,j);
       fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
   
     pstamp(ficrescveij);
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Subdiagonal matrix of covariances of health expectancies by age: cov(eij,ekl)\n");
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
         for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
           for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
             cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
             if(cptj2 <= cptj)
               fprintf(ficrescveij,"  %1d%1d,%1d%1d",i,j,i2,j2);
           }
       }
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* If stepm=6 months */
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     agelim=AGESUP;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); 
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     
     p3matp=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     p3matm=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
       /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
   
       /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
   
       /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
       /* Gradient is computed with plus gp and minus gm. Code is duplicated in order to
          decrease memory allocation */
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
           xm[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         hpxij(p3matp,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij);  
         hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xm,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij);  
     
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
             for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
               gp[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matp[i][j][h]+p3matp[i][j][h+1])/2.;
               gm[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             }
           }
         }
        
         for(ij=1; ij<= nlstate*nlstate; ij++)
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             gradg[h][theta][ij]= (gp[h][ij]-gm[h][ij])/2./delti[theta];
           }
       }/* End theta */
       
       
       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
             trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
       
   
        for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
         for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
           varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] =0.;
   
        printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
        fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
        for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
         for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
           for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
             for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
               varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] += doldm[ij][ji]*hf*hf;
         }
       }
   
       /* Computing expectancies */
       hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij);  
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
             
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   
           }
   
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0.;
         vip=0.;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip += eij[i][j][(int)age];
           for(k=1; k<=nlstate;k++) /* Sum on j and k of cov(eij,eik) */
             vip += varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(k-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(j-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age]) );
         }
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eip, sqrt(vip));
       }
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
   
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
           for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
             for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
               cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
               if(cptj2 <= cptj)
                 fprintf(ficrescveij," %.4f", varhe[cptj][cptj2][(int)age]);
             }
         }
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
      
     }
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_ma3x(p3matm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     free_ma3x(p3matp,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
     free_vector(xm,1,npar);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
   }
   
   /************ Variance ******************/
   void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[])
   {
     /* Variance of health expectancies */
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
     /* double **newm;*/
     /* int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav)*/
     
     int movingaverage();
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
     int k;
     double *xp;
     double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
     double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
     double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
     double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
     double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
     double ***p3mat;
     double age,agelim, hf;
     double ***mobaverage;
     int theta;
     char digit[4];
     char digitp[25];
   
     char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     if(popbased==1){
       if(mobilav!=0)
       strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");        strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
     else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");      else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
   }    }
Line 2331  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d Line 3719  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
   }    }
   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);    printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
    
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
     pstamp(ficresprobmorprev);
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){    for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
Line 2340  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d Line 3730  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
   }      }  
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");    fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
     exit(0);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
   }  /*   } */
   else{  
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");  
   }  
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);  
     exit(0);  
   }  
   else{  
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");  
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);  
   }  
   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
     pstamp(ficresvij);
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
     if(popbased==1)
       fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
     else
       fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);        fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e.%1d, e.%1d)",i,j);
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");    fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   
   xp=vector(1,npar);    xp=vector(1,npar);
Line 2385  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d Line 3767  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size       Look at function hpijx to understand why (it is linked to memory size questions) */
      and note for a fixed period like k years */  
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the    /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it       survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
      means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if       means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
Line 2452  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d Line 3833  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d
         }          }
       }        }
   
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  /* Sum of wi * eij = e.j */
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
Line 2562  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d Line 3943  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d
   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/    free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");    fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter png small size 320, 240");
   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */    /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");    fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
 /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
 /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
 /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l lt 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95%% interval\" w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev);    fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
   /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);    /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
 */  */
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit);  /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.png\";replot;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
   
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
Line 2585  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d Line 3967  void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], d
   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);    fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
   fclose(ficgp);    fflush(ficgp);
   fclose(fichtm);    fflush(fichtm); 
 }  /* end varevsij */  }  /* end varevsij */
   
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, char strstart[])
 {  {
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */    /* Variance of prevalence limit */
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   double **newm;  
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
   int k, cptcode;  
   double *xp;    double *xp;
   double *gp, *gm;    double *gp, *gm;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    double **gradg, **trgradg;
   double age,agelim;    double age,agelim;
   int theta;    int theta;
        
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");    pstamp(ficresvpl);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences \n");
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
Line 2673  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double * Line 4055  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double *
 }  }
   
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/  /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
 void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
 {  {
   int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;    int i, j=0,  k1, l1, tj;
   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;    int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
   int k=0,l, cptcode;    int k=0, l;
   int first=1, first1;    int first=1, first1, first2;
   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;    double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    double **dnewm,**doldm;
   double *xp;    double *xp;
   double *gp, *gm;    double *gp, *gm;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;    double **gradg, **trgradg;
   double **mu;    double **mu;
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];    double age, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */    double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
   int theta;    int theta;
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];    char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];    char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];    char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
   double ***varpij;    double ***varpij;
   
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");     strcpy(fileresprob,"prob"); 
Line 2718  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do Line 4099  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);    fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);    printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);    fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
       pstamp(ficresprob);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");    fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");    fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
     pstamp(ficresprobcov);
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
     pstamp(ficresprobcor);
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"# Age");
   
   
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
Line 2737  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do Line 4120  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");    fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");    fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
  */   */
  xp=vector(1,npar);    xp=vector(1,npar);
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);    dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));    doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);    mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);    varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
   first=1;    first=1;
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);    fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     exit(0);  
   }    fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4></li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
   else{    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n\
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");    file %s<br>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
   }    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated\
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {  and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);   They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);    fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
     exit(0);  It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
   }  would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
   else{  standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");   Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");   and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
   To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");  
     fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");  
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");  
   
   }  
   
   cov[1]=1;    cov[1]=1;
   tj=cptcoveff;    /* tj=cptcoveff; */
     tj = (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);
   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   j1=0;    j1=0;
   for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){    for(j1=1; j1<=tj;j1++){
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){       /*for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){ */
       j1++;      /*j1++;*/
       if  (cptcovn>0) {        if  (cptcovn>0) {
         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");           fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
Line 2786  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do Line 4165  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
                   
                   
         fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");           fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");          fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
                   
         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");              fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");              fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
       }        }
               
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){         for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
         cov[2]=age;          cov[2]=age;
           if(nagesqr==1)
             cov[3]= age*age;
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];            cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];/* j1 1 2 3 4
                                                            * 1  1 1 1 1
                                                            * 2  2 1 1 1
                                                            * 3  1 2 1 1
                                                            */
             /* nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1;*/
         }          }
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];          /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
           for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtab[ij][Tvar[Tage[k]]]]*cov[2];
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
                   
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);  
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));  
           
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
Line 2845  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do Line 4232  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do
                   
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
         free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));  
         free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));  
         free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);  
         free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);  
   
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
                   
Line 2882  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do Line 4265  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do
         i=0;          i=0;
         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){             for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
             i=i++;              i++;
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
                 /* printf(" k=%d l=%d i=%d j=%d\n",k,l,i,j);fflush(stdout); */
               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
             }              }
           }            }
         }/* end of loop for state */          }/* end of loop for state */
       } /* end of loop for age */        } /* end of loop for age */
         free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
         free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
         free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
         
       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
       /*        /*
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");          fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
Line 2905  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do Line 4293  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do
       */        */
   
       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
       first1=1;        first1=1;first2=2;
       for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
         for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){           for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
           if(l2==k2) continue;            if(l2==k2) continue;
Line 2926  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do Line 4314  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do
                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
                   lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                   lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                     if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
                       if(first2==1){
                         first1=0;
                       printf("Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS. See log file for details...\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);
                       }
                       fprintf(ficlog,"Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS.\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);fflush(ficlog);
                       /* lc1=fabs(lc1); */ /* If we want to have them positive */
                       /* lc2=fabs(lc2); */
                     }
   
                   /* Eigen vectors */                    /* Eigen vectors */
                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
                   /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
Line 2945  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do Line 4343  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do
                     first=0;                      first=0;
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small size 320, 240");
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);   :<a href=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">\
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);  %s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                               subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                       fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
Line 2957  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do Line 4359  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                   }else{                    }else{
                     first=0;                      first=0;
                     fprintf(fichtm," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);                      fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
Line 2966  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do Line 4368  void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], do
                   }/* if first */                    }/* if first */
                 } /* age mod 5 */                  } /* age mod 5 */
               } /* end loop age */                } /* end loop age */
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
               first=1;                first=1;
             } /*l12 */              } /*l12 */
           } /* k12 */            } /* k12 */
         } /*l1 */          } /*l1 */
       }/* k1 */        }/* k1 */
     } /* loop covariates */        /* } */ /* loop covariates */
   }    }
   free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);    free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
   free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);    free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
   fclose(ficresprob);    fclose(ficresprob);
   fclose(ficresprobcov);    fclose(ficresprobcov);
   fclose(ficresprobcor);    fclose(ficresprobcor);
   fclose(ficgp);    fflush(ficgp);
   fclose(fichtm);    fflush(fichtmcov);
 }  }
   
   
Line 2993  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char t Line 4397  void printinghtml(char fileres[], char t
                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \                    double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){                    double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;    int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/  
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {  
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);  
   }  
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n \     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><a href='#firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a>\n \
  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n \     <li><a href='#secondorder'>Result files (second order (variance)</a>\n \
  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n \  </ul>");
  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n \     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4><a name='firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a></h4>\n \
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): \   - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n ",
    <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \             jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirf2(fileres,"p"),subdirf2(fileres,"p"));
   jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);     fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),subdirf2(fileres,"pij"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Period (stable) prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileres,"pl"),subdirf2(fileres,"pl"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age, ei. (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age, eij . If one or more covariates are included, specific tables for each value of the covariate are output in sequences within the same file (estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),subdirf2(fileres,"e"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Population projections by age and states: \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>", subdirf2(fileres,"f"),subdirf2(fileres,"f"));
   
 fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
  m=cptcoveff;   m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
  jj1=0;   jj1=0;
Line 3023  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b> Line 4434  fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b>
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
      }       }
      /* Pij */       /* Pij */
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br> \       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: <a href=\"%s%d_1.png\">%s%d_1.png</a><br> \
 <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);       <img src=\"%s%d_1.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1);     
      /* Quasi-incidences */       /* Quasi-incidences */
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\       fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
  before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br> \   before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: <a href=\"%s%d_2.png\">%s%d_2.png</a><br> \
 <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);   <img src=\"%s%d_2.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1); 
        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */         /* Period (stable) prevalence in each health state */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){         for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br> \           fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Convergence to period (stable) prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s%d_%d.png\">%s%d_%d.png</a><br> \
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  <img src=\"%s%d_%d.png\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1);
        }         }
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br> \          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Life expectancy by health state (%d) at initial age and its decomposition into health expectancies in each alive state (1 to %d) : <a href=\"%s%d%d.png\">%s%d%d.png</a> <br> \
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);  <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,nlstate,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1);
      }       }
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \  
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>\  
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);  
    } /* end i1 */     } /* end i1 */
  }/* End k1 */   }/* End k1 */
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n\   fprintf(fichtm,"\
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n\  \n<br><li><h4> <a name='secondorder'>Result files (second order: variances)</a></h4>\n\
  - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n\   - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n", rfileres,rfileres);
  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n\  
  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n\   fprintf(fichtm," - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n\           subdirf2(fileres,"prob"),subdirf2(fileres,"prob"));
  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n\   fprintf(fichtm,"\
  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);   - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"));
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age and <b>initial health status</b> (cov(e<sup>ij</sup>,e<sup>kl</sup>)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"cve"),subdirf2(fileres,"cve"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Health expectancies by health status at initial age (e<sup>ij</sup>) and standard errors (in parentheses) (b) life expectancies and standard errors (e<sup>i.</sup>=e<sup>i1</sup>+e<sup>i2</sup>+...)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"stde"),subdirf2(fileres,"stde"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age. Status (i) based health expectancies (in state j), e<sup>ij</sup> are weighted by the period prevalences in each state i (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
            estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"v"),subdirf2(fileres,"v"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Total life expectancy and total health expectancies to be spent in each health state e<sup>.j</sup> with their standard errors (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
            estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"t"),subdirf2(fileres,"t"));
    fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
            subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"));
   
 /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */  /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
 /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */  /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
Line 3061  health expectancies in states (1) and (2 Line 4491  health expectancies in states (1) and (2
 /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */  /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
 /*  else  */  /*  else  */
 /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */  /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
 fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");   fflush(fichtm);
    fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
  m=cptcoveff;   m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}   if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
  jj1=0;   jj1=0;
Line 3077  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></ Line 4508  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");         fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
      }       }
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {       for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and period prevalence (with confident\         fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>\  prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): %s%d_%d.png <br>\
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);    <img src=\"%s%d_%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1);  
      }       }
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
   health expectancies in states (1) and (2). If popbased=1 the smooth (due to the model) \
   true period expectancies (those weighted with period prevalences are also\
    drawn in addition to the population based expectancies computed using\
    observed and cahotic prevalences: %s%d.png<br>\
   <img src=\"%s%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1);
    } /* end i1 */     } /* end i1 */
  }/* End k1 */   }/* End k1 */
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
 fclose(fichtm);   fflush(fichtm);
 }  }
   
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){  void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;    char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
   int ng;    int cpt=0,k1=0,i=0,k=0,j=0,jk=0,k2=0,k3=0,ij=0,l=0;
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    int ng=0;
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);  /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);  /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   }  /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*   } */
   
   /*#ifdef windows */    /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);    fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
     /*#endif */      /*#endif */
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
  /* 1eme*/   /* 1eme*/
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 1st: Period (stable) prevalence with CI: 'vpl' files\n");
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {    for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {      for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { /* plot [100000000000000000000:-100000000000000000000] "mysbiaspar/vplrmysbiaspar.txt to check */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d_%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,k1);
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"v%s%d_%d.png\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
        fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
   set ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter png small size 320, 240\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
   
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
        if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
        else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");         else        fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
      }       }
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Period (stable) prevalence\" w l lt 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
        if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
        else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");         else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
      }        } 
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95%% CI\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1); 
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {       for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
        if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");         if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
        else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");         else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
      }         }  
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l lt 2",subdirf2(fileres,"p"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
    }     }
   }    }
   /*2 eme*/    /*2 eme*/
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 2nd: Total life expectancy with CI: 't' files\n");
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),k1);
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);      fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small size 320, 240\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
           
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {      for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
       k=2*i;        k=2*i;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
       }           }   
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");        if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
       }           }   
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");        fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0,");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
       }           }   
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");        if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0");
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");        else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0,");
     }      }
   }    }
       
Line 3160  m=pow(2,cptcoveff); Line 4605  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
       
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { 
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {      for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);        /*       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2); */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);        k=2+(nlstate+1)*(cpt-1);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small size 320, 240\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);        /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
         for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");          for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);          fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
Line 3172  m=pow(2,cptcoveff); Line 4619  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
                   
       */        */
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {        for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);          fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);
           /*      fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);*/
                   
       }         } 
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d.\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+nlstate,cpt);
     }      }
   }    }
       
   /* CV preval stable (period) */    /* CV preval stable (period) */
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) { /* For each multivariate if any */
     for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {      for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
       k=3;        k=3;
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);        fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV preval stable (period): 'pij' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d_%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,k1);
               fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)  set ter png small size 320, 240\n\
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);  unset log y\n\
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);  plot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
               for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;          if(i==1)
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);            fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileres,"pij"));
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {          else
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;            fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);          l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1;
       }          fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l);
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);             for (j=1; j<= (nlstate-1) ; j ++)
     }             fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j);
   }            fprintf(ficgp,")) t \"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
         } /* nlstate */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
       } /* end cpt state*/ 
     } /* end covariate */  
       
   /* proba elementaires */    /* proba elementaires */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#MLE estimated parameters\n#############\n");
   for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"# initial state %d\n",i);
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
       if (k != i) {        if (k != i) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"#   current state %d\n",k);
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){          for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);            fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f; ",jk,p[jk]);
           jk++;             jk++; 
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");  
         }          }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
       }        }
     }      }
    }     }
     fprintf(ficgp,"##############\n#\n");
   
     /*goto avoid;*/
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#Graphics of of probabilities or incidences\n#############\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=p1 +p2*age +p3*age*age+ p4*V1+ p5*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p13/p11)=a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p13/p11)=p6 +p7*age +p8*age*age+ p9*V1+ p10*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p12+p13+p14+p11=1=p11(1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#                      +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p11=1/(1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#                      +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p12=exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)/\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#     (1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age))\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a14+b14*age+c14age*age+d14*V1+e14*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#\n");
    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/     for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
        fprintf(ficgp,"# ng=%d\n",ng);
        fprintf(ficgp,"#   jk=1 to 2^%d=%d\n",cptcoveff,m);
      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng);          fprintf(ficgp,"#    jk=%d\n",jk);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d_%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jk,ng); 
        if (ng==2)         if (ng==2)
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
        else         else
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small size 320, 240\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
        i=1;         i=1;
        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
          k3=i;           k3=i;
          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
            if (k != k2){             if (k != k2){
              if(ng==2)               if(ng==2)
                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);                 if(nagesqr==0)
                    fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                  else /* nagesqr =1 */
                    fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
              else               else
                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);                 if(nagesqr==0)
              ij=1;                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);               ij=1;/* To be checked else nbcode[0][0] wrong */
                  ij++;               for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++) {
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) { /* Bug valgrind */
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                    ij++;
                }                 }
                else                 else
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);                   fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
              }               }
              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
                             
              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){                  for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){ 
                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);                 if(nagesqr==0)
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                  else /* nagesqr =1 */
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+nagesqr);
     
                ij=1;                 ij=1;
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++){
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {                   if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
                    ij++;                     ij++;
                  }                   }
                  else                   else
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
                }                 }
                fprintf(ficgp,")");                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
              }               }
Line 3261  m=pow(2,cptcoveff); Line 4746  m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
        } /* end k2 */         } /* end k2 */
      } /* end jk */       } /* end jk */
    } /* end ng */     } /* end ng */
    fclose(ficgp);    /* avoid: */
      fflush(ficgp); 
 }  /* end gnuplot */  }  /* end gnuplot */
   
   
Line 3308  int movingaverage(double ***probs, doubl Line 4794  int movingaverage(double ***probs, doubl
   
   
 /************** Forecasting ******************/  /************** Forecasting ******************/
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){  void prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
   /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection     /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
      agemin, agemax range of age       agemin, agemax range of age
      dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed       dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
      anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).       anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
   */    */
   int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;    int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, cptcod, i, h, i1;
   int *popage;  
   double agec; /* generic age */    double agec; /* generic age */
   double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;    double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;    double *popeffectif,*popcount;
Line 3432  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anpr Line 4917  prevforecast(char fileres[], double anpr
 }  }
   
 /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/  /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){  void populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
       
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;    int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
   int *popage;    int *popage;
Line 3591  populforecast(char fileres[], double anp Line 5076  populforecast(char fileres[], double anp
   fclose(ficrespop);    fclose(ficrespop);
 } /* End of popforecast */  } /* End of popforecast */
   
 /***********************************************/  int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
 /**************** Main Program *****************/  
 /***********************************************/  
   
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])  
 {  {
   int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);    if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;      printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
   int jj;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
   int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */      return (0);
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;    }
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;    fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   double fret;  }
   double **xi,tmp,delta;  
   
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */  
   double ***p3mat;  
   double ***mobaverage;  
   int *indx;  
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];  
   char path[132],pathc[132],pathcd[132],pathtot[132],model[132];  
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;  
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */  
   int c,  h , cpt,l;  
   int ju,jl, mi;  
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;  
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab;   
   int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */  
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;  
   int hstepm, nhstepm;  
   double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;  
   double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;  
   
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;  
   double ftolpl=FTOL;  
   double **prlim;  
   double *severity;  
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */  
   double  *p;  
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */  
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */  
   double *delti; /* Scale */  
   double ***eij, ***vareij;  
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */  
   double *epj, vepp;  
   double kk1, kk2;  
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;  
   
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];  
   
   
   char z[1]="c", occ;  /**************** function prwizard **********************/
 #include <sys/time.h>  void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
 #include <time.h>  {
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];  
   char *strt, *strtend;  
   char *stratrunc;  
   int lstra;  
   
   long total_usecs;    /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
   struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time;  
   struct timezone tzp;  
   extern int gettimeofday();  
   struct tm tmg, tm, *gmtime(), *localtime();  
   long time_value;  
   extern long time();  
    
   /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */  
   (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);  
   tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);  
   tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);  
   strt=asctime(&tm);  
 /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strt); */  
 /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */  
 /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */  
 /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */  
 /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */  
 /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */  
 /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */  
 /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */  
 /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strt);  */  
 /*  (void) time (&time_value);  
 *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);  
 *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);  
 *  strt=asctime(&tm);  
 *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strt);   
 */  
   
   getcwd(pathcd, size);    char ca[32], cb[32];
     int i,j, k, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
   printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
   if(argc <=1){    fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");    for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
     scanf("%s",pathtot);      jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
   }    }
   else{    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);    fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
   }    }
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 132)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/    printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);  /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/  /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/  /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     } /* end itimes */
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz(double x[])
   { 
     double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);    for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
   printf("pathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);      sump=sump+weight[i];
   chdir(path);      /*    sump=sump+1;*/
   replace(pathc,path);      num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   
   /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/    for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
   /* Log file */   /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
   strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);   
   strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */    return -2*L*num/sump;
   if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {  }
     printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);  
     goto end;  #ifdef GSL
   /******************* Gompertz_f Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz_f(const gsl_vector *v, void *params)
   { 
     double A,B,LL=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     double *x= (double *) v->data;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
   }    }
   fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);   
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);   
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");    /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
   fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);       if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strt);     printf("x[0]=%lf x[1]=%lf\n",x[0],x[1]);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Localtime (at start)=%s",strt);     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
   fflush(ficlog);      {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[0]/(x[1])*(exp(x[1]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[1]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[0]/(x[1])*(exp(x[1]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[1]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[0]/YEARM)+x[1]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           LL=LL+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
   /* */   /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
   strcpy(fileres,"r");    printf("x[0]=%lf x[1]=%lf -2*LL*num/sump=%lf\n",x[0],x[1],-2*LL*num/sump);
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);   
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */    return -2*LL*num/sump;
   }
   #endif
   
   /*---------arguments file --------*/  /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtmlmort(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,  double p[],double **matcov,double agemortsup){
     int i,k;
   
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);    fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);    for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
     fflush(ficlog);      fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
     goto end;    fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.png\">");
   }    fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   strcpy(filereso,"o");  fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Life table</h4>\n <br>");
   strcat(filereso,fileres);  
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);  
     fflush(ficlog);  
     goto end;  
   }  
   
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */   fprintf(fichtm,"\nAge   l<inf>x</inf>     q<inf>x</inf> d(x,x+1)    L<inf>x</inf>     T<inf>x</inf>     e<infx</inf><br>");
   numlinepar=0;  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     numlinepar++;  
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
     fputs(line,ficlog);  
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
   
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);   for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
   numlinepar++;     fprintf(fichtm,"%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf<br>\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);  
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);  
   fflush(ficlog);  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     numlinepar++;  
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
     fputs(line,ficlog);  
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
   
       
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);     fflush(fichtm);
   cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/  }
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;  
   
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */  /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */  void printinggnuplotmort(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
     
   /* Read guess parameters */  
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     numlinepar++;  
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
     fputs(line,ficlog);  
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
   
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){  
     j=0;  
     for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  
       if(jj==i) continue;  
       j++;  
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);  
       if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){  
         printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);  
         exit(1);  
       }  
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);  
       if(mle==1)  
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);  
       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);  
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);  
         if(mle==1){  
           printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);  
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);  
         }  
         else  
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);  
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);  
       }  
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  
       numlinepar++;  
       if(mle==1)  
         printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  
     }  
   }    
   fflush(ficlog);  
   
   npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/    int ng;
   
   p=param[1][1];  
     
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     numlinepar++;  
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
     fputs(line,ficlog);  
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
   
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);    /*#ifdef windows */
   /* delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */    fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){      /*#endif */
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){  
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);  
       if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){  
         printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);  
         exit(1);  
       }  
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);  
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);  
       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);  
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){  
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);  
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);  
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);  
         fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);  
       }  
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  
       numlinepar++;  
       printf("\n");  
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
     }  
   }  
   fflush(ficlog);  
   
   delti=delti3[1][1];  
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.png\"\n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set ter png small size 320, 240\n set log y\n"); 
     /* fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n"); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
   
   /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */  } 
     
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */  
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     numlinepar++;  
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
     fputs(line,ficlog);  
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){  
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);  
     if(mle==1)  
       printf("%s",str);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);  
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);  
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){  
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);  
       if(mle==1){  
         printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);  
       }  
       fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);  
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);  
     }  
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  
     numlinepar++;  
     if(mle==1)  
       printf("\n");  
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  
   }  
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)  
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)  
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];  
      
   if(mle==1)  
     printf("\n");  
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
   
   fflush(ficlog);  int readdata(char datafile[], int firstobs, int lastobs, int *imax)
   {
   
   /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/  
   strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */  
   strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/  
   strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */  
   strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */  
   if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;  
   }  
   fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);  
       
   /*-------- data file ----------*/    /*-------- data file ----------*/
     FILE *fic;
     char dummy[]="                         ";
     int i=0, j=0, n=0;
     int linei, month, year,iout;
     char line[MAXLINE], linetmp[MAXLINE];
     char stra[MAXLINE], strb[MAXLINE];
     char *stratrunc;
     int lstra;
   
   
   if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {    if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
     printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;      printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s\n", datafile);return 1;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s\n", datafile);return 1;
   }    }
   
   n= lastobs;  
   severity = vector(1,maxwav);  
   outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);  
   num=lvector(1,n);  
   moisnais=vector(1,n);  
   annais=vector(1,n);  
   moisdc=vector(1,n);  
   andc=vector(1,n);  
   agedc=vector(1,n);  
   cod=ivector(1,n);  
   weight=vector(1,n);  
   for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */  
   mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);  
   anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);  
   s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);  
   tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);  
   ncodemax=ivector(1,8);  
   
   i=1;    i=1;
   while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {    linei=0;
     if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {    while ((fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL) &&((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs))) {
               linei=linei+1;
       for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){      for(j=strlen(line); j>=0;j--){  /* Untabifies line */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);         if(line[j] == '\t')
         strcpy(line,stra);          line[j] = ' ';
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      }
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);      for(j=strlen(line)-1; (line[j]==' ')||(line[j]==10)||(line[j]==13);j--){
         ;
       };
       line[j+1]=0;  /* Trims blanks at end of line */
       if(line[0]=='#'){
         fprintf(ficlog,"Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         printf("Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         continue;
       }
       trimbb(linetmp,line); /* Trims multiple blanks in line */
       strcpy(line, linetmp);
     
   
       for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing status */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
         /*        if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
       }        }
                 s[j][i]=lval;
       cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
         if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
         }
         else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy)) != 0){
           month=99;
           year=9999;
         }else{
           printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         anint[j][i]= (double) year; 
         mint[j][i]= (double)month; 
         strcpy(line,stra);
       } /* ENd Waves */
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
       }
       else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy)) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
       }
       andc[i]=(double) year; 
       moisdc[i]=(double) month; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
       }
       else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.", dummy)) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
       }
       if (year==9999) {
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given. Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
   
       }
       annais[i]=(double)(year);
       moisnais[i]=(double)(month); 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       errno=0;
       dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
       if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
         printf("Error reading data around '%f' at line number %d, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%f' at line number %d, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       weight[i]=dval; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing status */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
         }
         if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
           printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         covar[j][i]=(double)(lval);
         strcpy(line,stra);
       }  
       lstra=strlen(stra);
        
       if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
         stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
         num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
       }
       else
         num[i]=atol(stra);
       /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
         printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
       
       i=i+1;
     } /* End loop reading  data */
   
       cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    *imax=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);    fclose(fic);
    
     return (0);
     /* endread: */
       printf("Exiting readdata: ");
       fclose(fic);
       return (1);
   
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
       for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){  
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);  
       }   
       lstra=strlen(stra);  
       if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */  
         stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);  
         num[i]=atol(stratrunc);  
       }  
       else  
         num[i]=atol(stra);  
           
       /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){  
         printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/  
   
       i=i+1;  
     }  
   }  
   /* printf("ii=%d", ij);  
      scanf("%d",i);*/  
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */  
   
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){  }
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;  void removespace(char *str) {
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;    char *p1 = str, *p2 = str;
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;    do
     }*/      while (*p2 == ' ')
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){        p2++;
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;     while (*p1++ == *p2++);
      printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/  }
     
  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  
    
    /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;  
      else weight[i]=1;*/  
   
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/  int decodemodel ( char model[], int lastobs) /**< This routine decode the model and returns:
   Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */     * Model  V1+V2+V3+V8+V7*V8+V5*V6+V8*age+V3*age+age*age
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);      * - nagesqr = 1 if age*age in the model, otherwise 0.
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);      * - cptcovt total number of covariates of the model nbocc(+)+1 = 8 excepting constant and age and age*age
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);     * - cptcovn or number of covariates k of the models excluding age*products =6 and age*age
   Tage=ivector(1,15);           * - cptcovage number of covariates with age*products =2
         * - cptcovs number of simple covariates
      * - Tvar[k] is the id of the kth covariate Tvar[1]@12 {1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 8, 3, 7, 8, 5, 6}, thus Tvar[5=V7*V8]=10
      *     which is a new column after the 9 (ncovcol) variables. 
      * - if k is a product Vn*Vm covar[k][i] is filled with correct values for each individual
      * - Tprod[l] gives the kth covariates of the product Vn*Vm l=1 to cptcovprod-cptcovage
      *    Tprod[1]@2 {5, 6}: position of first product V7*V8 is 5, and second V5*V6 is 6.
      * - Tvard[k]  p Tvard[1][1]@4 {7, 8, 5, 6} for V7*V8 and V5*V6 .
    */
   {
     int i, j, k, ks;
     int  j1, k1, k2;
     char modelsav[80];
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80];
     char *strpt;
   
     /*removespace(model);*/
   if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */    if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;      j=0, j1=0, k1=0, k2=-1, ks=0, cptcovn=0;
     j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */      if (strstr(model,"AGE") !=0){
     j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */        printf("Error. AGE must be in lower case 'age' model=1+age+%s ",model);
     cptcovn=j+1;         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. AGE must be in lower case model=1+age+%s ",model);fflush(ficlog);
     cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */        return 1;
           }
       if (strstr(model,"v") !=0){
         printf("Error. 'v' must be in upper case 'V' model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. 'v' must be in upper case model=%s ",model);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
     strcpy(modelsav,model);       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){      if ((strpt=strstr(model,"age*age")) !=0){
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);        printf(" strpt=%s, model=%s\n",strpt, model);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);        if(strpt != model){
       goto end;        printf("Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
     }   'model=1+age+age*age+V1' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age', please swap as well as \n \
        corresponding column of parameters.\n",model);
     /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/        fprintf(ficlog,"Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
    'model=1+age+age*age+V1' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age', please swap as well as \n \
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){   corresponding column of parameters.\n",model); fflush(ficlog);
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */         return 1;
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */      }
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/  
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/        nagesqr=1;
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */        if (strstr(model,"+age*age") !=0)
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/          substrchaine(modelsav, model, "+age*age");
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */        else if (strstr(model,"age*age+") !=0)
           cptcovprod--;          substrchaine(modelsav, model, "age*age+");
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');        else 
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/          substrchaine(modelsav, model, "age*age");
           cptcovage++;      }else
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;        nagesqr=0;
       if (strlen(modelsav) >1){
         j=nbocc(modelsav,'+'); /**< j=Number of '+' */
         j1=nbocc(modelsav,'*'); /**< j1=Number of '*' */
         cptcovs=j+1-j1; /**<  Number of simple covariates V1+V1*age+V3 +V3*V4+age*age=> V1 + V3 =2  */
         cptcovt= j+1; /* Number of total covariates in the model, not including
                      * cst, age and age*age 
                      * V1+V1*age+ V3 + V3*V4+age*age=> 4*/
                     /* including age products which are counted in cptcovage.
                     * but the covariates which are products must be treated 
                     * separately: ncovn=4- 2=2 (V1+V3). */
         cptcovprod=j1; /**< Number of products  V1*V2 +v3*age = 2 */
         cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age: V3*V4 =1  */
   
       
         /*   Design
          *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9 Weight
          *  <          ncovcol=8                >
          * Model V2 + V1 + V3*age + V3 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V8*age + V8
          *   k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8
          *  cptcovn number of covariates (not including constant and age ) = # of + plus 1 = 7+1=8
          *  covar[k,i], value of kth covariate if not including age for individual i:
          *       covar[1][i]= (V2), covar[4][i]=(V3), covar[8][i]=(V8)
          *  Tvar[k] # of the kth covariate:  Tvar[1]=2  Tvar[4]=3 Tvar[8]=8
          *       if multiplied by age: V3*age Tvar[3=V3*age]=3 (V3) Tvar[7]=8 and 
          *  Tage[++cptcovage]=k
          *       if products, new covar are created after ncovcol with k1
          *  Tvar[k]=ncovcol+k1; # of the kth covariate product:  Tvar[5]=ncovcol+1=10  Tvar[6]=ncovcol+1=11
          *  Tprod[k1]=k; Tprod[1]=5 Tprod[2]= 6; gives the position of the k1th product
          *  Tvard[k1][1]=m Tvard[k1][2]=m; Tvard[1][1]=5 (V5) Tvard[1][2]=6 Tvard[2][1]=7 (V7) Tvard[2][2]=8
          *  Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];
          *  Tvar[8+1]=5;Tvar[8+2]=6;Tvar[8+3]=7;Tvar[8+4]=8 inverted
          *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9  V10  V11
          *  <          ncovcol=8                >
          *       Model V2 + V1 + V3*age + V3 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V8*age + V8    d1   d1   d2  d2
          *          k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8    9   10   11  12
          *     Tvar[k]= 2    1      3       3    10      11      8        8    5    6    7   8
          * p Tvar[1]@12={2,   1,     3,      3,   11,     10,     8,       8,   7,   8,   5,  6}
          * p Tprod[1]@2={                         6, 5}
          *p Tvard[1][1]@4= {7, 8, 5, 6}
          * covar[k][i]= V2   V1      ?      V3    V5*V6?   V7*V8?  ?       V8   
          *  cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
          *How to reorganize?
          * Model V1 + V2 + V3 + V8 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V3*age + V8*age
          * Tvars {2,   1,     3,      3,   11,     10,     8,       8,   7,   8,   5,  6}
          *       {2,   1,     4,      8,    5,      6,     3,       7}
          * Struct []
          */
   
         /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
         /* j is the number of + signs in the model V1+V2+V3 j=2 i=3 to 1 */
         /*   modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4  */
         /*        k=4 (age*V3) Tvar[k=4]= 3 (from V3) Tage[cptcovage=1]=4 */
         /*        k=3 V4 Tvar[k=3]= 4 (from V4) */
         /*        k=2 V1 Tvar[k=2]= 1 (from V1) */
         /*        k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2) */
         /*        k=5 Tvar[5] */
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) { */
         /*        cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]]; */
         /*        } */
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtab[ij][Tvar[Tage[k]]]]*cov[2]; */
         /*
          * Treating invertedly V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is as if written V2*V4 +V3*age + V1 + V2 */
         for(k=cptcovt; k>=1;k--) /**< Number of covariates */
           Tvar[k]=0;
         cptcovage=0;
         for(k=1; k<=cptcovt;k++){ /* Loop on total covariates of the model */
           cutl(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the first '+' 
                                            modelsav==V2+V1+V4+V3*age strb=V3*age stra=V2+V1+V4 */ 
           if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
           /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
           /*scanf("%d",i);*/
           if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /**< Model includes a product V2+V1+V4+V3*age strb=V3*age */
             cutl(strc,strd,strb,'*'); /**< strd*strc  Vm*Vn: strb=V3*age(input) strc=age strd=V3 ; V3*V2 strc=V2, strd=V3 */
             if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /**< Model includes age: Vn*age */
               /* covar is not filled and then is empty */
               cptcovprod--;
               cutl(stre,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd=V3(input): stre="3" */
               Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);  /* V2+V1+V4+V3*age Tvar[4]=3 ; V1+V2*age Tvar[2]=2; V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1 */
               cptcovage++; /* Sums the number of covariates which include age as a product */
               Tage[cptcovage]=k;  /* Tvar[4]=3, Tage[1] = 4 or V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1, Tage[1]=2 */
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/              /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
         }            } else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */              cptcovprod--;
           cptcovprod--;              cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V');
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');              Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);              cptcovage++;
           cptcovage++;              Tage[cptcovage]=k;
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;            } else {  /* Age is not in the model product V2+V1+V1*V4+V3*age+V3*V2  strb=V3*V2*/
         }              /* loops on k1=1 (V3*V2) and k1=2 V4*V3 */
         else {  /* Age is not in the model */              cptcovn++;
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/              cptcovprodnoage++;k1++;
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;              cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n; strb=V3*V2 stre=3 strc=*/
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */              Tvar[k]=ncovcol+k1; /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
           Tprod[k1]=i;                                     because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/                                     ncovcol + k1
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */                                     If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];                                     Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 Tvar[5=V3*V2]=4 + 2= 6, etc */
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];               cutl(strc,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)               Tprod[k1]=k;  /* Tprod[1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2  */
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];              Tvard[k1][1] =atoi(strc); /* m 1 for V1*/
           k1++;              Tvard[k1][2] =atoi(stre); /* n 4 for V4*/
           k2=k2+2;              k2=k2+2;
         }              Tvar[cptcovt+k2]=Tvard[k1][1]; /* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+k2=1)=5]= 1 (V1) */
       }              Tvar[cptcovt+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];  /* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+(k2=1)+1)=6]= 4 (V4) */
       else { /* no more sum */              for (i=1; i<=lastobs;i++){
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/                /* Computes the new covariate which is a product of
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/                   covar[n][i]* covar[m][i] and stores it at ncovol+k1 May not be defined */
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');                covar[ncovcol+k1][i]=covar[atoi(stre)][i]*covar[atoi(strc)][i];
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);              }
       }            } /* End age is not in the model */
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);            } /* End if model includes a product */
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);          else { /* no more sum */
         scanf("%d",i);*/            /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
     } /* end of loop + */            /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
   } /* end model */            cutl(strd,strc,strb,'V');
             ks++; /**< Number of simple covariates */
             cptcovn++;
             Tvar[k]=atoi(strd);
           }
           strcpy(modelsav,stra);  /* modelsav=V2+V1+V4 stra=V2+V1+V4 */ 
           /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
             scanf("%d",i);*/
         } /* end of loop + on total covariates */
       } /* end if strlen(modelsave == 0) age*age might exist */
     } /* end if strlen(model == 0) */
       
   /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.    /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
     If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/      If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
Line 4080  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) Line 5716  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);    printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);    fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
   
   scanf("%d ",i);    scanf("%d ",i);*/
   fclose(fic);*/  
   
     /*  if(mle==1){*/  
   if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/    return (0); /* with covar[new additional covariate if product] and Tage if age */ 
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;    /*endread:*/
   }      printf("Exiting decodemodel: ");
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/      return (1);
   agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);  }
   
   int calandcheckages(int imx, int maxwav, double *agemin, double *agemax, int *nberr, int *nbwarn )
   {
     int i, m;
   
   for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
     for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {      for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
Line 4097  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) Line 5736  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         s[m][i]=-1;          s[m][i]=-1;
       }        }
       if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){        if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
         printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);          *nberr = *nberr + 1;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);          printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased (%d)\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i, *nberr);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased (%d)\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i, *nberr);
         s[m][i]=-1;          s[m][i]=-1;
       }        }
       if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){        if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           (*nberr)++;
         printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]);           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]);           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
         s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */          s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
Line 4112  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) Line 5753  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
     agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);      agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
     for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){      for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
       if(s[m][i] >0){        if(s[m][i] >0 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){
         if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {          if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
           if(agedc[i]>0)            if(agedc[i]>0){
             if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)              if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999){
               agev[m][i]=agedc[i];                agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
           /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/            /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
             else {              }else {
               if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){                if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                 printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);                  printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);                  fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                 agev[m][i]=-1;                  agev[m][i]=-1;
               }                }
             }              }
             } /* agedc > 0 */
         }          }
         else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional          else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                  years but with the precision of a                                   years but with the precision of a month */
                                  month */  
           agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);            agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
           if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)            if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
             agev[m][i]=1;              agev[m][i]=1;
           else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){             else if(agev[m][i] < *agemin){ 
             agemin=agev[m][i];              *agemin=agev[m][i];
             /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/              printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], *agemin);
           }            }
           else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){            else if(agev[m][i] >*agemax){
             agemax=agev[m][i];              *agemax=agev[m][i];
             /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/              /* printf(" Max anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], *agemax);*/
           }            }
           /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/            /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
           /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/            /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
Line 4156  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) Line 5798  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {    for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
     for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){      for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
       if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {        if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           (*nberr)++;
         printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);               printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);               fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
         goto end;          return 1;
       }        }
     }      }
   }    }
Line 4170  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) Line 5813  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   
 }*/  }*/
   
   printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);   
   
   free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);    printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, *agemin, *agemax);
   free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);    fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, *agemin, *agemax); 
   free_vector(moisnais,1,n);  
   free_vector(annais,1,n);  
   /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);  
      free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/  
   free_vector(moisdc,1,n);  
   free_vector(andc,1,n);  
   
        return (0);
   wav=ivector(1,imx);   /* endread:*/
   dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      printf("Exiting calandcheckages: ");
   bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);      return (1);
   mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  }
      
   /* Concatenates waves */  #if defined(_MSC_VER)
   concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);  /*printf("Visual C++ compiler: %s \n;", _MSC_FULL_VER);*/
   /*fprintf(ficlog, "Visual C++ compiler: %s \n;", _MSC_FULL_VER);*/
   //#include "stdafx.h"
   //#include <stdio.h>
   //#include <tchar.h>
   //#include <windows.h>
   //#include <iostream>
   typedef BOOL(WINAPI *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS) (HANDLE, PBOOL);
   
   LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;
   
   BOOL IsWow64()
   {
           BOOL bIsWow64 = FALSE;
   
           //typedef BOOL (APIENTRY *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS)
           //  (HANDLE, PBOOL);
   
           //LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;
   
           HMODULE module = GetModuleHandle(_T("kernel32"));
           const char funcName[] = "IsWow64Process";
           fnIsWow64Process = (LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS)
                   GetProcAddress(module, funcName);
   
           if (NULL != fnIsWow64Process)
           {
                   if (!fnIsWow64Process(GetCurrentProcess(),
                           &bIsWow64))
                           //throw std::exception("Unknown error");
                           printf("Unknown error\n");
           }
           return bIsWow64 != FALSE;
   }
   #endif
   
   void syscompilerinfo()
    {
      /* #include "syscompilerinfo.h"*/
      /* command line Intel compiler 32bit windows, XP compatible:*/
      /* /GS /W3 /Gy
         /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O2 /Fd"Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D
         "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_USING_V110_SDK71_" /D "_UNICODE" /D
         "UNICODE" /Qipo /Zc:forScope /Gd /Oi /MT /Fa"Release\" /EHsc /nologo
         /Fo"Release\" /Qprof-dir "Release\" /Fp"Release\IMaCh.pch"
      */ 
      /* 64 bits */
      /*
        /GS /W3 /Gy
        /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O2 /Fd"x64\Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG"
        /D "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_UNICODE" /D "UNICODE" /Qipo /Zc:forScope
        /Oi /MD /Fa"x64\Release\" /EHsc /nologo /Fo"x64\Release\" /Qprof-dir
        "x64\Release\" /Fp"x64\Release\IMaCh.pch" */
      /* Optimization are useless and O3 is slower than O2 */
      /*
        /GS /W3 /Gy /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O3 /Fd"x64\Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" 
        /D "NDEBUG" /D "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_UNICODE" /D "UNICODE" /Qipo 
        /Zc:forScope /Oi /MD /Fa"x64\Release\" /EHsc /nologo /Qparallel 
        /Fo"x64\Release\" /Qprof-dir "x64\Release\" /Fp"x64\Release\IMaCh.pch" 
      */
      /* Link is */ /* /OUT:"visual studio
         2013\Projects\IMaCh\Release\IMaCh.exe" /MANIFEST /NXCOMPAT
         /PDB:"visual studio
         2013\Projects\IMaCh\Release\IMaCh.pdb" /DYNAMICBASE
         "kernel32.lib" "user32.lib" "gdi32.lib" "winspool.lib"
         "comdlg32.lib" "advapi32.lib" "shell32.lib" "ole32.lib"
         "oleaut32.lib" "uuid.lib" "odbc32.lib" "odbccp32.lib"
         /MACHINE:X86 /OPT:REF /SAFESEH /INCREMENTAL:NO
         /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE",5.01" /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker'
         uiAccess='false'"
         /ManifestFile:"Release\IMaCh.exe.intermediate.manifest" /OPT:ICF
         /NOLOGO /TLBID:1
      */
   #if defined __INTEL_COMPILER
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
           struct utsname sysInfo;  /* For Intel on Linux and OS/X */
   #endif
   #elif defined(__GNUC__) 
   #ifndef  __APPLE__
   #include <gnu/libc-version.h>  /* Only on gnu */
   #endif
      struct utsname sysInfo;
      int cross = CROSS;
      if (cross){
              printf("Cross-");
              fprintf(ficlog, "Cross-");
      }
   #endif
   
   #include <stdint.h>
   
      printf("Compiled with:");fprintf(ficlog,"Compiled with:");
   #if defined(__clang__)
      printf(" Clang/LLVM");fprintf(ficlog," Clang/LLVM"); /* Clang/LLVM. ---------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__ICC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
      printf(" Intel ICC/ICPC");fprintf(ficlog," Intel ICC/ICPC");/* Intel ICC/ICPC. ------------------------------------------ */
   #endif
   #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
      printf(" GNU GCC/G++");fprintf(ficlog," GNU GCC/G++");/* GNU GCC/G++. --------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__HP_cc) || defined(__HP_aCC)
      printf(" Hewlett-Packard C/aC++");fprintf(fcilog," Hewlett-Packard C/aC++"); /* Hewlett-Packard C/aC++. ---------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__IBMC__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
      printf(" IBM XL C/C++"); fprintf(ficlog," IBM XL C/C++");/* IBM XL C/C++. -------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      printf(" Microsoft Visual Studio");fprintf(ficlog," Microsoft Visual Studio");/* Microsoft Visual Studio. --------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__PGI)
      printf(" Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP");fprintf(ficlog," Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP");/* Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP. ------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__SUNPRO_C) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
      printf(" Oracle Solaris Studio");fprintf(ficlog," Oracle Solaris Studio\n");/* Oracle Solaris Studio. ----------------------------------- */
   #endif
      printf(" for ");fprintf(ficlog," for ");
      
   // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4605842/how-to-identify-platform-compiler-from-preprocessor-macros
   #ifdef _WIN32 // note the underscore: without it, it's not msdn official!
       // Windows (x64 and x86)
      printf("Windows (x64 and x86) ");fprintf(ficlog,"Windows (x64 and x86) ");
   #elif __unix__ // all unices, not all compilers
       // Unix
      printf("Unix ");fprintf(ficlog,"Unix ");
   #elif __linux__
       // linux
      printf("linux ");fprintf(ficlog,"linux ");
   #elif __APPLE__
       // Mac OS, not sure if this is covered by __posix__ and/or __unix__ though..
      printf("Mac OS ");fprintf(ficlog,"Mac OS ");
   #endif
   
   /*  __MINGW32__   */
   /*  __CYGWIN__   */
   /* __MINGW64__  */
   // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/b0084kay.aspx
   /* _MSC_VER  //the Visual C++ compiler is 17.00.51106.1, the _MSC_VER macro evaluates to 1700. Type cl /?  */
   /* _MSC_FULL_VER //the Visual C++ compiler is 15.00.20706.01, the _MSC_FULL_VER macro evaluates to 150020706 */
   /* _WIN64  // Defined for applications for Win64. */
   /* _M_X64 // Defined for compilations that target x64 processors. */
   /* _DEBUG // Defined when you compile with /LDd, /MDd, and /MTd. */
   
   #if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffff
      printf(" 32-bit"); fprintf(ficlog," 32-bit");/* 32-bit */
   #elif UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffffffffffff
      printf(" 64-bit"); fprintf(ficlog," 64-bit");/* 64-bit */
   #else
      printf(" wtf-bit"); fprintf(ficlog," wtf-bit");/* wtf */
   #endif
   
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
   # if defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
   #  define __GNUC_VERSION__ (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 \
                               + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
   # else
   #  define __GNUC_VERSION__ (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100)
   # endif
      printf(" using GNU C version %d.\n", __GNUC_VERSION__);
      fprintf(ficlog, " using GNU C version %d.\n", __GNUC_VERSION__);
   
      if (uname(&sysInfo) != -1) {
        printf("Running on: %s %s %s %s %s\n",sysInfo.sysname, sysInfo.nodename, sysInfo.release, sysInfo.version, sysInfo.machine);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Running on: %s %s %s %s %s\n ",sysInfo.sysname, sysInfo.nodename, sysInfo.release, sysInfo.version, sysInfo.machine);
      }
      else
         perror("uname() error");
      //#ifndef __INTEL_COMPILER 
   #if !defined (__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(__APPLE__)
      printf("GNU libc version: %s\n", gnu_get_libc_version()); 
      fprintf(ficlog,"GNU libc version: %s\n", gnu_get_libc_version());
   #endif
   #endif
   
      //   void main()
      //   {
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      if (IsWow64()){
              printf("The program (probably compiled for 32bit) is running under WOW64 (64bit) emulation.\n");
              fprintf(ficlog, "The program (probably compiled for 32bit) is running under WOW64 (64bit) emulation.\n");
      }
      else{
              printf("The process is not running under WOW64 (i.e probably on a 64bit Windows).\n");
              fprintf(ficlog,"The programm is not running under WOW64 (i.e probably on a 64bit Windows).\n");
      }
      //      printf("\nPress Enter to continue...");
      //      getchar();
      //   }
   
   #endif
      
   
    }
   
   int prevalence_limit(double *p, double **prlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar){
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
     int i, j, k, i1 ;
     double ftolpl = 1.e-10;
     double age, agebase, agelim;
   
       strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
       strcat(filerespl,fileres);
       if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
       }
       printf("Computing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
       pstamp(ficrespl);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"# Period (stable) prevalence \n");
       fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
       /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
   
       agebase=ageminpar;
       agelim=agemaxpar;
   
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
       /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=1;cptcov++){ */
         //for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
           k=k+1;
           /* to clean */
           //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
           printf("\n#******");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
           printf("******\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
   
           fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficrespl,"V%d %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
           
           for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
             for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
             fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
           } /* Age */
           /* was end of cptcod */
       } /* cptcov */
           return 0;
   }
   
   int hPijx(double *p, int bage, int fage){
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
   
     int stepsize;
     int agelim;
     int hstepm;
     int nhstepm;
     int h, i, i1, j, k;
   
     double agedeb;
     double ***p3mat;
   
       strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij); return 1;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij); return 1;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
       pstamp(ficrespij);
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
      /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
      /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
      /*   k=k+1;  */
       for (k=1; k <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); k++){
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
         
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
           
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
           
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             /*agedebphstep = agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm;*/
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
         /*}*/
       }
           return 0;
   }
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
   #ifdef GSL
     const gsl_multimin_fminimizer_type *T;
     size_t iteri = 0, it;
     int rval = GSL_CONTINUE;
     int status = GSL_SUCCESS;
     double ssval;
   #endif
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter=0,m,size=100, cptcod;
   
     int jj, ll, li, lj, lk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     int itimes;
     int NDIM=2;
     int vpopbased=0;
   
     char ca[32], cb[32];
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     struct stat info;
     double agedeb;
     double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
   
     double fret;
     double dum; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     double ***mobaverage;
   
     char line[MAXLINE];
     char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE],model[MAXLINE];
     char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE]; 
     char *tok, *val; /* pathtot */
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int c,  h , cpt;
     int jl;
     int i1, j1, jk, stepsize;
     int *tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm, nhstepm;
     int agemortsup;
     float  sumlpop=0.;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage=0, fage=110, age, agelim, agebase;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
   
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4]="1234";
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c";
   
     /*char  *strt;*/
     char strtend[80];
   
   
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     rstart_time = time(NULL);  
     /*  (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);*/
     start_time = *localtime(&rstart_time);
     curr_time=start_time;
     /*tml = *localtime(&start_time.tm_sec);*/
     /* strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tml)); */
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&start_time));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tm_sec = tp.tm_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tm_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tm_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
   #ifdef WIN32
     _getcwd(pathcd, size);
   #else
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   #endif
   
     printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       fgets(pathr,FILENAMELENGTH,stdin);
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(pathr[i-1]=='\n')
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(pathr[i-1]==' ') /* This may happen when dragging on oS/X! */
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
      for (tok = pathr; tok != NULL; ){
         printf("Pathr |%s|\n",pathr);
         while ((val = strsep(&tok, "\"" )) != NULL && *val == '\0');
         printf("val= |%s| pathr=%s\n",val,pathr);
         strcpy (pathtot, val);
         if(pathr[0] == '\0') break; /* Dirty */
       }
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     /* Split argv[0], imach program to get pathimach */
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s argv[1]=%s, \n",argv[0],argv[1]);
     split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s pathimach=%s, \noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
    /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
     /* Split argv[1]=pathtot, parameter file name to get path, optionfile, extension and name */
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\npathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   #ifdef WIN32
     _chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
   #else
     chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
   #endif
     printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Directory already exists (or can't create it) %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Main Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname='%s'\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     syscompilerinfo();
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tm_sec-start_time.tm_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /* Main ---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",optionfile,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",optionfile,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       /* goto end; */
       exit(70); 
     }
   
   
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileres);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       fputs(line,stdout);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
     fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=1+age+%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
     numlinepar++;
     printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     if(model[strlen(model)-1]=='.') /* Suppressing leading dot in the model */
       model[strlen(model)-1]='\0';
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     if(model[0]=='#'|| model[0]== '\0'){
       printf("Error in 'model' line: model should start with 'model=1+age+' and end with '.' \n \
    'model=1+age+.' or 'model=1+age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.' or \n \
    'model=1+age+V1+V2.' or 'model=1+age+V1+V2+V1*V2.' etc. \n");          \
       if(mle != -1){
         printf("Fix the model line and run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n");
         exit(1);
       }
     }
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       fputs(line, stdout);
       //puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);  /**< used in readdata */
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement plus one, indepently of n in Vn*/
     /* v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes cptcovn = 5
        v1+v2*age+v2*v3 makes cptcovn = 3
     */
     if (strlen(model)>1) 
       ncovmodel=2+nbocc(model,'+')+1; /*Number of variables including intercept and age = cptcovn + intercept + age : v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes 5+2=7,age*age makes 3*/
     else
       ncovmodel=2; /* Constant and age */
     nforce= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate; /* Number of forces ij from state i to j */
     npar= nforce*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters like aij*/
     if(npar >MAXPARM || nlstate >NLSTATEMAX || ndeath >NDEATHMAX || ncovmodel>NCOVMAX){
       printf("Too complex model for current IMaCh: npar=(nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel=%d >= %d(MAXPARM) or nlstate=%d >= %d(NLSTATEMAX) or ndeath=%d >= %d(NDEATHMAX) or ncovmodel=(k+age+#of+signs)=%d(NCOVMAX) >= %d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Too complex model for current IMaCh: %d >=%d(MAXPARM) or %d >=%d(NLSTATEMAX) or %d >=%d(NDEATHMAX) or %d(NCOVMAX) >=%d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fflush(stdout);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
       exit(0);
     }
     else if(mle==-3) { /* Main Wizard */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }
     else{
       /* Read guessed parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n \
   It might be a problem of design; if ncovcol and the model are correct\n \
   run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       /* Reads scales values */
       p=param[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ( (i1-i) * (j1-j) != 0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
   
       /* Reads covariance matrix */
       delti=delti3[1][1];
   
   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
     
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
     
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=1; j <=npar; j++) matcov[i][j]=0.;
         
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         fscanf(ficpar,"%s",str);
         if(mle==1)
           printf("%s",str);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
           printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
       strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
       strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
   
     /*  Main data
      */
     n= lastobs;
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n); /* s[i][j] health state for wave i and individual j */ 
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Number of code per covariate; if O and 1 only, 2**ncov; V1+V2+V3+V4=>16 */
   
     /* Reads data from file datafile */
     if (readdata(datafile, firstobs, lastobs, &imx)==1)
       goto end;
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameters from char model */
       /*    modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4 
           k=4 (age*V3) Tvar[k=4]= 3 (from V3) Tag[cptcovage=1]=4
           k=3 V4 Tvar[k=3]= 4 (from V4)
           k=2 V1 Tvar[k=2]= 1 (from V1)
           k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2)
       */
     Tvar=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Was 15 changed to NCOVMAX. */
     /*  V2+V1+V4+age*V3 is a model with 4 covariates (3 plus signs). 
         For each model-covariate stores the data-covariate id. Tvar[1]=2, Tvar[2]=1, Tvar[3]=4, 
         Tvar[4=age*V3] is 3 and 'age' is recorded in Tage.
     */
     /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
       because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
       ncovcol + k1
       If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
       Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 etc */
     Tprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the position of a product */
     /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
        if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2)
     */
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Unclear */
     Tvard=imatrix(1,NCOVMAX,1,2); /* n=Tvard[k1][1]  and m=Tvard[k1][2] gives the couple n,m of the k1 th product Vn*Vm
                               * For V3*V2 (in V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2), V3*V2 position is 2nd. 
                               * Tvard[k1=2][1]=3 (V3) Tvard[k1=2][2]=2(V2) */
     Tage=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the covariate id of covariates associated with age: V2 + V1 + age*V4 + V3*age
                            4 covariates (3 plus signs)
                            Tage[1=V3*age]= 4; Tage[2=age*V4] = 3
                         */  
   
   /* Main decodemodel */
   
   
     if(decodemodel(model, lastobs) == 1)
       goto end;
   
     if((double)(lastobs-imx)/(double)imx > 1.10){
       nbwarn++;
       printf("Warning: The value of parameter lastobs=%d is big compared to the \n  effective number of cases imx=%d, please adjust, \n  otherwise you are allocating more memory than necessary.\n",lastobs, imx); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: The value of parameter lastobs=%d is big compared to the \n  effective number of cases imx=%d, please adjust, \n  otherwise you are allocating more memory than necessary.\n",lastobs, imx); 
     }
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights. We can have weights different from 1 but want no weight*/
       for(i=1;i<=imx;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* changed to imx */
     }
   
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     if(calandcheckages(imx, maxwav, &agemin, &agemax, &nberr, &nbwarn) == 1)
       goto end;
   
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
     /* */
     
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
     /* */
    
   /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */    /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
   
   Tcode=ivector(1,100);  
   nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
   ncodemax[1]=1;    ncodemax[1]=1;
   if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);    Ndum =ivector(-1,NCOVMAX);  
           if (ncovmodel-nagesqr > 2 ) /* That is if covariate other than cst, age and age*age */
   codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of       tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx, Ndum); /**< Fills nbcode[Tvar[j]][l]; */
                                  the estimations*/    /* Nbcode gives the value of the lth modality of jth covariate, in
        V2+V1*age, there are 3 covariates Tvar[2]=1 (V1).*/
     /* 1 to ncodemax[j] is the maximum value of this jth covariate */
   
     codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) */
     /*printf(" codtab[1,1],codtab[100,10]=%d,%d\n", codtab[1][1],codtab[100][10]);*/
     /* codtab gives the value 1 or 2 of the hth combination of k covariates (1 or 2).*/
   h=0;    h=0;
   
   
     /*if (cptcovn > 0) */
         
    
   m=pow(2,cptcoveff);    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     
   for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){ /* scans any effective covariate */
     for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){      for(i=1; i <=pow(2,cptcoveff-k);i++){ /* i=1 to 8/1=8; i=1 to 8/2=4; i=1 to 8/8=1 */ 
       for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){ /* For each modality of this covariate ncodemax=2*/
         for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){          for(cpt=1; cpt <=pow(2,k-1); cpt++){  /* cpt=1 to 8/2**(3+1-1 or 3+1-3) =1 or 4 */ 
           h++;            h++;
           if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;            if (h>m) 
           /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/              h=1;
             /**< codtab(h,k)  k   = codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) + 1
              * For k=4 covariates, h goes from 1 to 2**k
              * codtabm(h,k)=  1 & (h-1) >> (k-1) ;
              *     h\k   1     2     3     4
              *______________________________  
              *     1 i=1 1 i=1 1 i=1 1 i=1 1
              *     2     2     1     1     1
              *     3 i=2 1     2     1     1
              *     4     2     2     1     1
              *     5 i=3 1 i=2 1     2     1
              *     6     2     1     2     1
              *     7 i=4 1     2     2     1
              *     8     2     2     2     1
              *     9 i=5 1 i=3 1 i=2 1     1
              *    10     2     1     1     1
              *    11 i=6 1     2     1     1
              *    12     2     2     1     1
              *    13 i=7 1 i=4 1     2     1    
              *    14     2     1     2     1
              *    15 i=8 1     2     2     1
              *    16     2     2     2     1
              */
             codtab[h][k]=j;
             /* codtab[12][3]=1; */
             /*codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;*/
             printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d Tvar[k]=%d codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k],codtab[h][Tvar[k]]);
         }           } 
       }        }
     }      }
Line 4218  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) Line 6766  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
   /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){     /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){ 
      for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
      printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);         printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
      }       }
      printf("\n");       printf("\n");
      }       }
      scanf("%d",i);*/       scanf("%d",i);*/
   
    free_ivector(Ndum,-1,NCOVMAX);
   
   
           
     /* Initialisation of ----------- gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       //fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"set datafile missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
   
   
     /* Initialisation of --------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-mort");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);
       exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n",\
             optionfilehtmcov,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Parameter file: <a href=\"%s.%s\">%s.%s</a><br>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             optionfilehtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             optionfilefiname,optionfilext,optionfilefiname,optionfilext,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
   #ifdef WIN32
     _chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
   #else
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
   #endif
             
     
   /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
      and prints on file fileres'p'. */       and prints on file fileres'p'. */
   freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);    freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart);
   
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
             imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */      oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
           
         
   /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]    /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
      so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */       so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
   p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */    p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
   globpr=0; /* To get ipmx number of contributions and sum of weights*/    globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
   likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */    /* For mortality only */
   printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);    if (mle==-3){
   for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)      ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); 
     printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);      /*     ximort=gsl_matrix_alloc(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); */
   printf("\n");      cens=ivector(1,n);
   globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */      ageexmed=vector(1,n);
   likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */      agecens=vector(1,n);
   printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);      dcwave=ivector(1,n);
   for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)   
     printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);      for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
   printf("\n");        dcwave[i]=-1;
   if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */        for (m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++)
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);          if (s[m][i]>nlstate) {
   }            dcwave[i]=m;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];
           agecens[i]=1.; 
   
           if (ageexmed[i]> 1 && wav[i] > 0){
             agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
             cens[i]= 1;
           }else if (ageexmed[i]< 1) 
             cens[i]= -1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP && agedc[i]>1 && dcwave[i]>firstpass && dcwave[i]<=lastpass)
             cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
       
       /*p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083;*/
       /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
       
       
   #ifdef GSL
       printf("GSL optimization\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   #else
       printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   #endif
       strcpy(filerespow,"pow-mort"); 
       strcat(filerespow,fileres);
       if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       }
   #ifdef GSL
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# GSL optimization\n# iter -2*LL");
   #else
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
   #endif
       /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
           if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       */
       fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   #ifdef GSL
       /* gsl starts here */ 
       T = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_nmsimplex;
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer *sfm = NULL;
       gsl_vector *ss, *x;
       gsl_multimin_function minex_func;
   
       /* Initial vertex size vector */
       ss = gsl_vector_alloc (NDIM);
       
       if (ss == NULL){
         GSL_ERROR_VAL ("failed to allocate space for ss", GSL_ENOMEM, 0);
       }
       /* Set all step sizes to 1 */
       gsl_vector_set_all (ss, 0.001);
   
       /* Starting point */
       
       x = gsl_vector_alloc (NDIM);
       
       if (x == NULL){
         gsl_vector_free(ss);
         GSL_ERROR_VAL ("failed to allocate space for x", GSL_ENOMEM, 0);
       }
     
       /* Initialize method and iterate */
       /*     p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083; */
       /*     gsl_vector_set(x, 0, 0.0268); */
       /*     gsl_vector_set(x, 1, 0.083); */
       gsl_vector_set(x, 0, p[1]);
       gsl_vector_set(x, 1, p[2]);
   
       minex_func.f = &gompertz_f;
       minex_func.n = NDIM;
       minex_func.params = (void *)&p; /* ??? */
       
       sfm = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_alloc (T, NDIM);
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer_set (sfm, &minex_func, x, ss);
       
       printf("Iterations beginning .....\n\n");
       printf("Iter. #    Intercept       Slope     -Log Likelihood     Simplex size\n");
   
       iteri=0;
       while (rval == GSL_CONTINUE){
         iteri++;
         status = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_iterate(sfm);
         
         if (status) printf("error: %s\n", gsl_strerror (status));
         fflush(0);
         
         if (status) 
           break;
         
         rval = gsl_multimin_test_size (gsl_multimin_fminimizer_size (sfm), 1e-6);
         ssval = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_size (sfm);
         
         if (rval == GSL_SUCCESS)
           printf ("converged to a local maximum at\n");
         
         printf("%5d ", iteri);
         for (it = 0; it < NDIM; it++){
           printf ("%10.5f ", gsl_vector_get (sfm->x, it));
         }
         printf("f() = %-10.5f ssize = %.7f\n", sfm->fval, ssval);
       }
       
       printf("\n\n Please note: Program should be run many times with varying starting points to detemine global maximum\n\n");
       
       gsl_vector_free(x); /* initial values */
       gsl_vector_free(ss); /* inital step size */
       for (it=0; it<NDIM; it++){
         p[it+1]=gsl_vector_get(sfm->x,it);
         fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[it]);
       }
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer_free (sfm); /* p *(sfm.x.data) et p *(sfm.x.data+1)  */
   #endif
   #ifdef POWELL
        powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
   #endif  
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, p, NDIM, delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
           printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) 
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
   
       lsurv=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       tpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lsurv[agegomp]=100000;
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<=AGESUP;k++) {
         agemortsup=k;
         if (p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp))>1) break;
       }
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++)
         lsurv[k+1]=lsurv[k]-lsurv[k]*(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)));
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++){
         lpop[k]=(lsurv[k]+lsurv[k+1])/2.;
         sumlpop=sumlpop+lpop[k];
       }
       
       tpop[agegomp]=sumlpop;
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-3);k++){
         /*  tpop[k+1]=2;*/
         tpop[k+1]=tpop[k]-lpop[k];
       }
       
       
       printf("\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)\n");
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
         printf("%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
       
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplotmort(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtmlmort(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
       
       free_vector(lsurv,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(lpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(tpop,1,AGESUP);
   #ifdef GSL
       free_ivector(cens,1,n);
       free_vector(agecens,1,n);
       free_ivector(dcwave,1,n);
       free_matrix(ximort,1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
   #endif
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 mortality only */
     /* Standard maximisation */
     else{ /* For mle >=1 */
       globpr=0;/* debug */
       /* Computes likelihood for initial parameters */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       globpr=1; /* again, to print the contributions */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2, Real Maximisation */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
           
   /*--------- results files --------------*/      /*--------- results files --------------*/
   fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);      fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
         
       
   jk=1;      fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
   fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");      printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
   printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
   fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
   for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){        for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){          if (k != i) {
       if (k != i)   
         {  
           printf("%d%d ",i,k);            printf("%d%d ",i,k);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             printf("%f ",p[jk]);              printf("%lf ",p[jk]);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);              fprintf(ficlog,"%lf ",p[jk]);
             fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);              fprintf(ficres,"%lf ",p[jk]);
             jk++;               jk++; 
           }            }
           printf("\n");            printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficres,"\n");            fprintf(ficres,"\n");
         }          }
         }
     }      }
   }      if(mle!=0){
   if(mle!=0){        /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */        ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */        hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);      }
   }      fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
   fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");      printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
   printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
   fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
   for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){        for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){          if (j!=i) {
       if (j!=i) {            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);            printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);            fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);            for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){              printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
           printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);              fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);              fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);              jk++;
           jk++;            }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
         }          }
         printf("\n");  
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
         fprintf(ficres,"\n");  
       }        }
     }      }
   }      
          fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
   fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");      if(mle>=1)
   if(mle==1)        printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
     printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
   fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");      /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   for(i=1,k=1;i<=npar;i++){      /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;      /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
         i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
         fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);      /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
         printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);      /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
     */      */
     fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);      for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
     if(mle==1)        jj=0;
       printf("%3d",i);        for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
     fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);          for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
     for(j=1; j<=i;j++){            if(j==i) continue;
       fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);            for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
       if(mle==1)              jj++;
         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);              ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
       fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);              if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
     }      }
     fprintf(ficres,"\n");  
     if(mle==1)  
       printf("\n");  
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
     k++;  
   }  
      
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  
     puts(line);  
     fputs(line,ficparo);  
   }  
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
   
   estepm=0;  
   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);  
   if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;  
   if (fage <= 2) {  
     bage = ageminpar;  
     fage = agemaxpar;  
   }  
      
   fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");  
   fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);  
   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);  
      
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      ungetc(c,ficpar);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      
     puts(line);      estepm=0;
     fputs(line,ficparo);      fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
   }      if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      if (fage <= 2) {
           bage = ageminpar;
   fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);        fage = agemaxpar;
   fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);      }
   fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);      
   printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);      fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
   fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);      fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
          fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
       /* Other stuffs, more or less useful */    
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      ungetc(c,ficpar);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      
     puts(line);      fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
     fputs(line,ficparo);      fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
   }      fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
        fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       
   dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
   dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;        ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);        fputs(line,stdout);
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);           fputs(line,ficparo);
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);         }
     
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      ungetc(c,ficpar);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      
     puts(line);      
     fputs(line,ficparo);      dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
   }      dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      
       fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
   fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);      fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
   fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);      fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
   printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);      
   fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
   fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);        ungetc(c,ficpar);
   /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/        fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         fputs(line,stdout);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      ungetc(c,ficpar);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      
     puts(line);      fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
     fputs(line,ficparo);      fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
   }      printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
   ungetc(c,ficpar);      fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);      /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);      
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);      
       
   freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);       /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint); */
   /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/      /* ,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2); */
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       printinggnuplot(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
       
       printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
         
      /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
      /*  chdir(path); */
    
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);   
       free_lvector(num,1,n);
       free_vector(agedc,1,n);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
   
   
       /* Other results (useful)*/
   
   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
       /*#include "prevlim.h"*/  /* Use ficrespl, ficlog */
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       prevalence_limit(p, prlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar);
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
   /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/  #ifdef FREEEXIT2
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);  #include "freeexit2.h"
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");  #endif
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);  
   }  
   else{  
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version);   
     fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);   
     fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");  
   }  
   fclose(ficgp);  
   printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);  
   /*--------- index.htm --------*/  
   
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);      /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");      /*#include "hpijx.h"*/
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {      hPijx(p, bage, fage);
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);      fclose(ficrespij);
   }  
     /*-------------- Variance of one-step probabilities---*/
       k=1;
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
   
   
       probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=NCOVMAX;j++)
           for(k=1;k<=NCOVMAX;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
   
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
       if(prevfcast==1){
         /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
         /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
         /*      }  */
         /*      else{ */
         /*        erreur=108; */
         /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
         /*      } */
       }
    
       /* ------ Other prevalence ratios------------ */
   
   fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\      /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\  
 \n\  
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\  
 Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\  
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n\  
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\  
  <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\  
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\  
  - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\  
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",\  
           version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,\  
           model,imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,\  
           filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);  
   fclose(fichtm);  
   
   printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\      prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
                model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\      /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
                jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);          ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
        */
   /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/  
   chdir(path);  
    
   free_ivector(wav,1,imx);  
   free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  
   free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);  
   free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);     
   free_lvector(num,1,n);  
   free_vector(agedc,1,n);  
   /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/  
   /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/  
   fclose(ficparo);  
   fclose(ficres);  
   
   
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/  
     
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");  
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);  
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;  
   }  
   printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);  
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");  
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");  
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);  
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");  
     
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);  
   
   agebase=ageminpar;  
   agelim=agemaxpar;  
   ftolpl=1.e-10;  
   i1=cptcoveff;  
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}  
   
   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      if (mobilav!=0) {
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){        mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
       k=k+1;        if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
       /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/          fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");          printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
       printf("\n#******");  
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {  
         fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
         printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
         fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
       }  
       fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");  
       printf("******\n");  
       fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");  
           
       for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){  
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);  
         fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );  
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);  
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");  
       }        }
     }      }
   }  
   fclose(ficrespl);  
   
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/  
     
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);  
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;  
   }  
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);  
     
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;  
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/  
   
   agelim=AGESUP;  
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */  
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */   
   
   /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/  
   
   fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");      /*---------- Health expectancies, no variances ------------*/
   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  
       k=k+1;  
       fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)   
         fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
       fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");  
           
       for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */  
         nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */   
         nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  
   
         /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/      strcpy(filerese,"e");
       strcat(filerese,fileres);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
       /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
             
       for (k=1; k <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); k++){
           fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
             fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
   
         p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);          eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);            evsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, strstart);  
         fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");        
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)          free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)        /*}*/
             fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);  
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");  
         for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );  
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)  
               fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");  
         }  
         free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");  
       }  
     }      }
   }      fclose(ficreseij);
   
   varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);  
   
   fclose(ficrespij);  
   
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  
   
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/  
   /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/  
   if(prevfcast==1){  
     /*    if(stepm ==1){*/  
       prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);  
       /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/  
 /*      }  */  
 /*      else{ */  
 /*        erreur=108; */  
 /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */  
 /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */  
 /*      } */  
   }  
     
   
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/      /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
   
   strcpy(filerest,"t");  
   strcat(filerest,fileres);  
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;  
   }  
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);   
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);   
   
       strcpy(filerest,"t");
       strcat(filerest,fileres);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' \n", filerest); 
   
   strcpy(filerese,"e");  
   strcat(filerese,fileres);  
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);  
   }  
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);  
   
   strcpy(fileresv,"v");      strcpy(fileresstde,"stde");
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);      strcat(fileresstde,fileres);
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {      if((ficresstdeij=fopen(fileresstde,"w"))==NULL) {
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);        printf("Problem with Health Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
   }      }
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);      printf("Computing Health Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
   
   /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */      strcpy(filerescve,"cve");
   prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);      strcat(filerescve,fileres);
   /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\      if((ficrescveij=fopen(filerescve,"w"))==NULL) {
 ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);        printf("Problem with Covar. Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
   */        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Covar. Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Covar. of Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Covar. of Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
   
   if (mobilav!=0) {      strcpy(fileresv,"v");
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      strcat(fileresv,fileres);
     if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){      if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
       fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);        printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
     }      }
   }      printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
   
   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){        for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
       k=k+1;             
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");      for (k=1; k <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); k++){
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)           fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);          for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");            fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
   
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");          fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n#****** ");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)           fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n#****** ");
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);          for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");            fprintf(ficresstdeij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
             fprintf(ficrescveij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
           }
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"******\n");
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"******\n");
   
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");          fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);            fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");          fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
   
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);          eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);            cvevsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart);  
           /*
            */
           /* goto endfree; */
     
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);          vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          pstamp(ficrest);
       varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav);  
       if(popbased==1){  
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav);  
       }  
   
    
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");          for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);            oldm=oldms;savm=savms; /* Segmentation fault */
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");            cptcod= 0; /* To be deleted */
             varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,vpopbased,mobilav, strstart); /* cptcod not initialized Intel */
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);            fprintf(ficrest,"# Total life expectancy with std error and decomposition into time to be expected in each health state\n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){            if(vpopbased==1)
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);              fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d)\n",mobilav);
         if (popbased==1) {            else
           if(mobilav ==0){              fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            fprintf(ficrest,"# Age e.. (std) ");
               prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];            for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
           }else{ /* mobilav */             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
               prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];            epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
           }            for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
         }              prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
               if (vpopbased==1) {
                 if(mobilav ==0){
                   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                     prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
                 }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                     prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
                 }
               }
                   
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);              fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){              for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {                for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];                  epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/                  /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
                 }
                 epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
               }
   
               for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
                 for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                   vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
                 fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
               }
               fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           }            }
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  
         }          }
           free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)          free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)          free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];        /*}*/
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));      }
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){      free_vector(weight,1,n);
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));      free_imatrix(Tvard,1,NCOVMAX,1,2);
         }      free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");      free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
       }      free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      free_ivector(cod,1,n);
       free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);      fclose(ficresstdeij);
     }      fclose(ficrescveij);
   }      fclose(ficresvij);
   free_vector(weight,1,n);      fclose(ficrest);
   free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);      fclose(ficpar);
   free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);    
   free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);       /*------- Variance of period (stable) prevalence------*/   
   free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);  
   free_ivector(cod,1,n);      strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
   free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);      strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
   fclose(ficreseij);      if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
   fclose(ficresvij);        printf("Problem with variance of period (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
   fclose(ficrest);        exit(0);
   fclose(ficpar);      }
         printf("Computing Variance-covariance of period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
   /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/     
       /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");        for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);            
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {      for (k=1; k <= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff); k++){
     printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);          fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
     exit(0);          for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
   }            fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);          fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
   
   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  
       k=k+1;  
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)   
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");  
               
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);          varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;          oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
       varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);          varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k,strstart);
       free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);          free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
     }        /*}*/
   }      }
   
   fclose(ficresvpl);      fclose(ficresvpl);
   
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/      /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);    }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);   /* endfree:*/
         free_matrix(prlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
   free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);      free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);      free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
   /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/      free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
   free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);       free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);      free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);      free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
   if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
   free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
   free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);      free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
   free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);  
   free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);      free_ivector(ncodemax,1,NCOVMAX);
   free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);      free_ivector(Tvar,1,NCOVMAX);
   free_ivector(Tage,1,15);      free_ivector(Tprod,1,NCOVMAX);
   free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);      free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,NCOVMAX);
       free_ivector(Tage,1,NCOVMAX);
   /*  fclose(fichtm);*/  
   /*  fclose(ficgp);*/ /* ALready done */      free_imatrix(nbcode,0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
         free_imatrix(codtab,1,100,1,10);
     fflush(fichtm);
   if(erreur >0){    fflush(ficgp);
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);    
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);  
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
   }else{    }else{
    printf("End of Imach\n");      printf("End of Imach\n");
    fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");      fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
   }    }
   printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);    printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
   fclose(ficlog);  
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */    /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
   (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);    /*(void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);*/
   tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);    rend_time = time(NULL);  
   tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);    end_time = *localtime(&rend_time);
   strtend=asctime(&tm);    /* tml = *localtime(&end_time.tm_sec); */
   printf("Localtime at start %s and at end=%s",strt, strtend);     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&end_time));
   fprintf(ficlog,"Localtime at start %s and at end=%s",strt, strtend);     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
   /*  printf("Total time used %d Sec\n", asc_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);*/    fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
   printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);    printf("Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
   /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/    /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
   /*------ End -----------*/    /*------ End -----------*/
   
   end:  
 #ifdef windows     printf("Before Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/  #ifdef WIN32
      if (_chdir(pathcd) != 0)
              printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n",path);
      if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0)
   #else
      if(chdir(pathcd) != 0)
              printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n", path);
      if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0)
 #endif   #endif 
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/      printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    /*strcat(plotcmd,CHARSEPARATOR);*/
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/    sprintf(plotcmd,"gnuplot");
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/  #ifdef _WIN32
   strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);    sprintf(plotcmd,"\"%sgnuplot.exe\"",pathimach);
   strcat(plotcmd," ");  #endif
   strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);    if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
   printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);      printf("Error or gnuplot program not found: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
   system(plotcmd);      if(!stat(getenv("GNUPLOTBIN"),&info)){
   printf(" Wait...");        printf("Error or gnuplot program not found: '%s' Environment GNUPLOTBIN not set.\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #ifdef __unix
       strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
       if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #endif
     }else
       strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
     
     sprintf(plotcmd,"%s %s",pplotcmd, optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
   
  /*#ifdef windows*/    if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf("gnuplot command might not be in your path: '%s', err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
       printf("\n Trying if gnuplot resides on the same directory that IMaCh\n");
       sprintf(plotcmd,"%sgnuplot %s", pathimach, optionfilegnuplot);
       if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0)
         printf("\n Still a problem with gnuplot command %s, err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
     }
     printf(" Successful, please wait...");
   while (z[0] != 'q') {    while (z[0] != 'q') {
     /* chdir(path); */      /* chdir(path); */
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");      printf("\nType e to edit results with your browser, g to graph again and q for exit: ");
     scanf("%s",z);      scanf("%s",z);
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");  /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);      if (z[0] == 'e') {
   #ifdef __APPLE__
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "open %s", optionfilehtm);
   #elif __linux
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "xdg-open %s", optionfilehtm);
   #else
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "%s", optionfilehtm);
   #endif
         printf("Starting browser with: %s",pplotcmd);fflush(stdout);
         system(pplotcmd);
       }
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);      else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);      else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
   }    }
   /*#endif */    end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
 }  }
   
   

Removed from v.1.85  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.189


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